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 I want to talk in the final lecture about B.B. Warfield. B.B. Warfield, a bit of a hero.

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 If you have not read him I do commend him to you. His writings are available in a number

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! of different collections. There is the ten volume edition that Oxford University Press

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 put together in the early 1930s that contains most of his longer writings. There is a two

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 volume set put together by Presbyterian Reform still in print, selected shorter writings

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 of B.B. Warfield, that was his more popular stuff. And there is, there were five volumes

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 of thematically organised Warfield writings put out by Presbyterian Reform I think in

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 the 1950s. They are out of print now but you might be able to get them second hand. If you

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 have Logos software you can get the complete B.B. Warfield for Logos which contains all

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 that and more. And Princeton Theological Seminary are at the moment scanning their entire archive

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 which will be available for free on the internet in the next few years. So all of the correspondence

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 etc. of B.B. Warfield will be freely available to anybody with a computer. They may be gastardly

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 liberals but they have a lot of money and they are making all this stuff available for the rest

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 of us. A very significant thing I think if you are looking for somebody who has real exegetical

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 acumen then B.B. Warfield is the man. He is famous for writing, you know most evangelicals

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 will know him for writing on the authority of scripture. But some of his most important

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 stuff I think are the articles, the long articles he did on the definition of biblical words.

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 also his essay on the emotional life of the Lord Jesus Christ is I think unprecedented

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 in Christian history and a very powerful piece. And his writings on perfectionism are important

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 as well. I had a student just recently did a long paper for me on perfectionism and it

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 struck me how little studied his writings on perfectionism have been and yet how perennially

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 important actually much of what he has to say there is. Interesting enough by a slightly

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 circuitous route I've ended up being the owner of probably the last letter that B.B. Warfield

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 ever wrote dated December the 21st 1920. He has a stroke just a few days after that and he

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 dies in early 1521. Warfield made it a letter to Professor Mackay at Free Church College in

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 Edinburgh. And Warfield, the letter is, he's just foaming at the mouth in this letter. He's

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 about to engage the perfectionist once again. And he's been reading up on the Keswick, he's

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 been reading the Keswick Week and he has some pretty harsh words over the Keswick Week. And

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 one gets the impression that he's gearing up for round three with the perfectionists. And

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 I often wonder, you know, did that help precipitate the stroke? He's pretty angry in this letter.

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 He's telling Mackay that he's coming out swinging against the perfectionists again and then a couple

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 of days later, sadly, he falls ill and then dies. But a lot of people don't know much about

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 his life, so I thought it would be a fairly laid back ending to reflect on his life.

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 The interesting thing about the Ferrari pulpit, does it kind of lift up if I press a button,

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 Paul? It's just rather flat. I'm going to put my wallet on the website. Sorry?

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 Well, I was going to say, if Paul actually paid me, it might be a little bigger. I was in

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 Northern Ireland and Chuck said, I'll give you a check for your speaker. I said, I speak

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 for Paul Levy. I'm quite used to the speaker to people who are not getting paid. You know,

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 trying to get the bank to accept the five per set of peace he gave me last time. It was

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 quite an effort. Anyway, B.B. Warfield, born November 5, 1851, near Lexington in Kentucky.

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 Born really to the extent that America has an aristocracy. Born really to sort of American

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 aristocracy. He was the result of the convergence of two great families, the Breckenridges and

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 the Warfields. A bit of trivia, if you look up Warfield, if you're looking for Warfield

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 books second hand, you type Warfield into ABE Books, you'll probably find a lot of books

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 popping up on Edward VIII. Why, when you search for Warfield, you get books on Edward VIII?

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 Well, Mrs. Simpson was a Warfield. Connected to the Warfield family. So, the Warfields are

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 an important family, a kind of noble family, if you like, if that's appropriate in the American

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 context. His family were members of Lexington's Second Presbyterian Church. Kentucky, of course,

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 is one of those sort of borderline states. Is it north or is it south? I've got friends

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 who teach at Southern Seminary in Louisville, and they'll say, you know, it's just too southern

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 for us. A British guy in America, all Americans seem the same to me. It's north, south, it's

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 all the same. But to Americans, these minor marginal differences are very important to

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 the extent that a northern person is living in Kentucky. It's like living in another country.

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 You go to the local Italian restaurant, the Olive Garden, of course, and the restrooms

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 and toilets are exactly the same places they are in Chicago. It's all really very much the

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 same. But, I always, you know, the French and the Americans are the two groups that I

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 will be ethnically insensitive about. More about the French than the Americans, because

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 the Americans pay my salary and my money. The Warfields are members of Lexington's Second

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 Presbyterian Church, and the significance of that is that in the American Civil War, the

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 Second Presbyterian Church was the only Presbyterian Church in Lexington that sided with the North.

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 And that's significant for understanding Warfield. Warfield, in the 1890s, Warfield writes a number

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 of articles on what he calls the colour question. And he's remarkably progressive on race issues,

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 which is important because one of the struggles I have at Westminster is you have a number of African-American

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 students. And to them, of course, Presbyterianism equals slaveholders, by and large. And sadly,

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 there's an awful lot of evidence that that's correct. A lot of African-American students have

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 Scottish names. Why do they have Scottish names? Because their ancestors were owned at some point

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 by Scottish Presbyterians. So the role of Warfield, if you like, in making Presbyterianism an easier

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 pill to swallow is important. So the only time Warfield falls out with Machen at Princeton,

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 Machen the founder of Westminster Seminary, the OPC, is when Warfield integrates the dormitories

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 of Princeton Seminary. And Machen objects to that. Machen's from Maryland, which of course is north

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 of Washington, was with the north in the Civil War, mainly because Lincoln wouldn't allow

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 to do otherwise. You couldn't have a southern state north of the capital. But Machen really

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 brought, you know, Machen was really a son of what we would call a lot of southern prejudices,

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 if you like. Warfield, in some ways, is a much easier sell to African-American students.

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 Piety of the household was very much shaped by the study of the Shorter Catechism.

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 The Warfields were expected to have memorized the Shorter Catechism by the age of six.

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 They were then expected to memorize the proof texts. And then they were expected to memorize

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 the larger catechism. Remember, of course, that I think, I can't remember the exact wording,

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 I think the Shorter Catechism says, you know, this is for those of weaker minds, I think.

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 That's the language that is used. I gave you the Warfield anecdote, of course, on the Shorter

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 Catechism yesterday. He retained a lifelong love for the catechism. He was not initially

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 particularly enthusiastic about theology and divinity. As a youngster, he was far more interested

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 in science. Of course, he was later taking a great interest in cattle breeding. I think

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 his editing a farmer's journal was his first literary editorial role. And it plays into his

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 interest in evolution and Darwinianism. That Warfield had this interest in contemporary trends

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 in science. In 1868, he entered what was then the College of New Jersey, now Princeton University.

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 He was disciplined for a fight on a Sunday afternoon, apparently. He hit somebody with a chair or

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 something. If you've seen, Warfield was a big man and was no doubt very capable of looking

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 after himself. For some of you, a family tradition, I think his uncle might have been expelled from

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 Princeton at some point for beating somebody up as well. So the Warfields were tough. In 1862,

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 he travelled to Europe, spent time studying in Edinburgh and Heidelberg. In 1873, he decided to enter the

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 ministry. Sorry, it was 1872, not 1862. That would have made him only 11 at the time. In 1873, he decided

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 to enter the ministry. And it was at this time that he became editor of the Farmer's Home Journal.

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 At Princeton, he studied under men such as Charles Hodge and Hodge's son, Caspar Wister Hodge. And he makes

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 this comment on Charles Hodge. I've sat under many noted teachers and Hodge was superior to them all.

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 He was in fact my ideal of a teacher, best of all men I've ever known. He knew how to make a young man think.

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 Went on to be licensed, May 1875, and became state of supply at the Concord Church in Nicholas County, Kentucky.

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 Graduated in 1876, and at that point declined a call to become the minister of First Presbyterian Church in Dayton, Ohio.

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 August the 3rd of 1876, he married the very beautiful, witty and charming Annie Kinkhead, and went to Europe to pursue

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 further study. And there he heard lectures from, among others, the great German liberal church historian Adolf von Harnack.

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 It's fascinating the connections between Princeton and German liberalism.

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 Charles Hodge, of course, had been in the house of Friedrich Schleiermacher.

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 There's that weird, odd, pietistic footnote in Hodge's systematic theology where he's talking about Schleiermacher,

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 and he says, you know, over all the problems with his theology, you know, he's got to be a Christian

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 because, you know, he sings hymns in his house with his children of an evening.

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 It's just a really sappy bit of pietism, if you like.

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 But it's interesting to think that Hodge knew Schleiermacher, and was good friends at Tolok in Germany.

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 Warfield sat under Adolf von Harnack. Machen, of course, sat under, I'm trying to think of the man's name,

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 Wild Hare, Wilhelm Herrmann. Machen sat under Wilhelm Herrmann.

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 Bart also sat under Wilhelm Herrmann. They both have interesting reactions to Herrmann.

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 And I think I'm right in saying that Machen may have been a classmate of Rudolf Bultmann.

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 Bultmann does a review of Machen's book on Paul, I think.

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 And, you know, why does Bultmann do that?

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 Possibly they were, you know, we don't know much, but maybe they were friends.

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 Maybe Machen sent a copy, who knows.

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 But there are these interesting interconnections between the Princeton guys and German liberalism.

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 Warfield's marriage is worthy of a few moments' reflection

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 because it's an issue around which considerable mythology has grown up.

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 If you've got David Calhoun's History of Princeton Seminary, it's a two-volume history published by Bound of Truth.

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 It's a great, when I say it's a great beach read, I don't mean that as a criticism.

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 It's just one of those books, it's just a real page-turner, and it's just a straightforward story.

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 Calhoun says that while on honeymoon, Annie suffered some kind of a nervous breakdown

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 when she and Warfield were caught in a thunderstorm in Germany's Hartz Mountains,

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 and that she never recovered, and that through all the years of their married life,

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 Warfield carefully and faithfully cared for her as an invalid.

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 That represents the received wisdom on Warfield's marriage.

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 In actual fact, there's not a lot of historical evidence that that was the case.

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 Fred Zaspel, who lives near Philadelphia, has done quite a bit of research into Warfield.

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 He's this sort of comprehensive knowledge of Warfieldiana.

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 And he's looked long and hard to try to find early first-hand accounts of the Warfield marriage.

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 I'll read you what he says in his book on the theology of B.B. Warfield, which incidentally is an excellent book.

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 Annie is often reported to have been an invalid their entire married life.

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 But it does not seem that this degree of debilitation came until perhaps 1893.

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 A notice in the New York Times dated May 1st, 1892.

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 That's the kind of guy Fred is.

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 You can find notices in the New York Times of 1892.

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 Notes of Mrs. Warfield.

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 You get this.

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 Mrs. Woodrow Wilson and other prominent ladies of Princeton

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 served as patronesses at a lecture event

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 sponsored by the American Whig Society in Princeton on April 30th.

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 So we know that in 1892, B.B. Warfield's wife was quite capable of being a hostess at a big event.

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 Notice also as an aside, Warfield's are friends of the Wilsons.

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 Woodrow Wilson, of course, would go on to be president of Princeton

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 and would then go on to be president of the United States.

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 Apparently he liked Warfield but regarded him as a bit of a theological dinosaur.

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 You know, the Wilsons were a distinguished southern Presbyterian family.

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 But I think by the time we get to Woodrow, he's starting to sort of move.

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 There's starting to drift in a leftward direction.

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 Whatever, we do know that perhaps from 1893 onwards,

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 it appears that she does seem to have been more and more housebound.

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 The Warfields never had children,

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 but apparently they would learn the birthdates of all of the children of the faculty and the students

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 and would give little gifts to make sure that the birthdays of all these other children were celebrated.

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 So they sound like a very sweet couple.

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 And if you go to Princeton Cemetery, they're buried in magnificent tombs in the cemetery,

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 buried side by side, not far, incidentally, from where Jonathan Edwards is buried.

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 But you have Warfield and his wife buried together in the cemetery.

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 She died in 1915,

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 and it was in a sense as if Warfield himself had died with her at that point.

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 We have a letter from Jay Gressa Machen written to his mother.

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 He says,

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 I think that he will feel dreadfully lost without her.

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 As Mrs. Armstrong said,

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 he had only two interests in life,

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 his work and Mrs. Warfield.

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 And as she's gone,

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 there may be danger of his using himself up rather quickly.

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 If so,

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 I do not know who is to take his place.

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 I am more and more impressed with him.

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 He is certainly one of the very biggest men in the church,

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 either in this country

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 or in other,

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 or in any other.

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 And of course,

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 when Warfield dies in 1921,

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 there is really nobody to replace him.

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 And Princeton changes really rather rapidly

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 in the 10, 15 years

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 after the death of Warfield in 1921.

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 I was chatting to one of the historian guys at the PCA recently,

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 Barry Wall,

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 who's been doing some work on Warfield.

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 And he said,

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 he found it very hard to find obituaries of Warfield.

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 And it puzzled him

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 as to why there were no great, magnificent obituaries of Warfield.

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 And he finally comes to the conclusion,

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 they were glad he was gone.

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 That finally,

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 the last,

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 you know,

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 the last giant oak in the forest,

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 if you like,

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 had been chopped down.

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 And they could get on with the business of

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 modernising the church.

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 Maybe Barry's right.

00:17:11.899 --> 00:17:12.519
 Maybe he's wrong.

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 Who knows?

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 That's certainly what did happen.

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 One other important impact

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 that Warfield's marriage had on his life,

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 it meant that he didn't have a conventional,

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 ecclesiastical,

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 or conventional,

00:17:23.819 --> 00:17:24.299
 conventional,

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 ecclesiastical,

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 or academic career.

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 Look at Charles Hodge.

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 He's travelling.

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 He's going to General Assemblies.

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 He's locking horns

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 with people like James Henley Thornwell

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 on the floor of the General Assembly.

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 You don't get that with Warfield.

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 Warfield, by and large,

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 stays in Princeton.

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 The action,

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 such as it is,

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 is all in the mind.

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 There aren't the great anecdotes

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 of Warfield,

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 you know,

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 facing somebody across the room

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 and taking them down

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 in a debate.

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 It's all going on inside his head.

00:17:52.579 --> 00:17:54.220
 Warfield also never writes

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 a long monograph.

00:17:56.339 --> 00:17:57.799
 If you've got his books on perfectionism,

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 what it is,

00:17:58.459 --> 00:17:59.759
 it's collections of articles

00:17:59.759 --> 00:18:01.240
 thematically gathered together.

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 So Warfield never produces

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 a systematic theology

00:18:04.779 --> 00:18:07.459
 in the way that Hodge does.

00:18:08.059 --> 00:18:09.079
 It reminds me in some ways,

00:18:09.119 --> 00:18:09.259
 maybe,

00:18:09.319 --> 00:18:10.799
 of the story of Immanuel Kant.

00:18:10.939 --> 00:18:11.079
 You know,

00:18:11.139 --> 00:18:12.879
 Immanuel Kant was a very boring man

00:18:12.879 --> 00:18:13.519
 in many ways.

00:18:13.639 --> 00:18:17.299
 He would walk to his office

00:18:17.299 --> 00:18:18.519
 at the same time,

00:18:18.579 --> 00:18:19.319
 the same route,

00:18:19.439 --> 00:18:20.159
 every day.

00:18:20.160 --> 00:18:21.700
 And the story is

00:18:21.700 --> 00:18:23.080
 that one day in Königsberg,

00:18:23.580 --> 00:18:24.560
 he was late,

00:18:25.220 --> 00:18:26.180
 and the whole town

00:18:26.180 --> 00:18:26.779
 was delayed

00:18:26.779 --> 00:18:27.600
 because everybody

00:18:27.600 --> 00:18:28.880
 set their time

00:18:28.880 --> 00:18:29.680
 by when Kant

00:18:29.680 --> 00:18:30.800
 walked past their window.

00:18:31.440 --> 00:18:31.600
 You know,

00:18:31.640 --> 00:18:32.279
 and yet Kant

00:18:32.279 --> 00:18:34.120
 single-handedly almost

00:18:34.120 --> 00:18:37.180
 shattered intellectual life

00:18:37.180 --> 00:18:38.259
 and reconstructed it

00:18:38.259 --> 00:18:39.140
 in Europe.

00:18:39.380 --> 00:18:40.360
 So the fact that Warfield

00:18:40.360 --> 00:18:41.960
 lives a relatively conventional

00:18:41.960 --> 00:18:43.920
 and localised life

00:18:43.920 --> 00:18:45.080
 does not diminish

00:18:45.080 --> 00:18:46.200
 his impact.

00:18:47.500 --> 00:18:48.900
 While Warfield was in Europe,

00:18:48.900 --> 00:18:49.780
 Western Seminary,

00:18:49.940 --> 00:18:50.320
 which is now

00:18:50.320 --> 00:18:51.740
 Pittsburgh Theological Seminary,

00:18:52.080 --> 00:18:52.780
 contacted him

00:18:52.780 --> 00:18:54.560
 to offer the Old Testament position.

00:18:55.100 --> 00:18:56.420
 It's a sign of a different time,

00:18:56.460 --> 00:18:56.780
 isn't it,

00:18:56.800 --> 00:18:58.280
 where in the 19th century,

00:18:58.400 --> 00:18:59.240
 such as academia,

00:18:59.380 --> 00:19:00.060
 that one could be

00:19:00.060 --> 00:19:01.019
 competent enough

00:19:01.019 --> 00:19:02.000
 in a number of fields

00:19:02.000 --> 00:19:03.259
 to hold a chair

00:19:03.259 --> 00:19:03.920
 in any number

00:19:03.920 --> 00:19:04.920
 of disciplines.

00:19:05.440 --> 00:19:06.120
 The only person

00:19:06.120 --> 00:19:06.700
 I've ever met

00:19:06.700 --> 00:19:07.759
 in the theological world

00:19:07.759 --> 00:19:08.680
 who I think was competent

00:19:08.680 --> 00:19:10.000
 of holding a chair

00:19:10.000 --> 00:19:10.980
 in more than one field

00:19:10.980 --> 00:19:11.960
 was Richard Borka

00:19:11.960 --> 00:19:13.440
 of St. Andrews.

00:19:13.440 --> 00:19:14.560
 If you know Richard Borka,

00:19:15.880 --> 00:19:16.480
 great sister,

00:19:16.480 --> 00:19:17.440
 he's written great works

00:19:17.440 --> 00:19:18.220
 of systematics,

00:19:18.360 --> 00:19:19.440
 he's written on church history

00:19:19.440 --> 00:19:20.440
 and he's also written

00:19:20.440 --> 00:19:21.059
 in New Testament.

00:19:21.200 --> 00:19:21.779
 He could have held

00:19:21.779 --> 00:19:22.580
 a position, I think,

00:19:22.620 --> 00:19:23.420
 in any three,

00:19:23.720 --> 00:19:24.580
 any one of those

00:19:24.580 --> 00:19:26.100
 three disciplines.

00:19:26.519 --> 00:19:27.720
 19th century is very different.

00:19:27.880 --> 00:19:28.900
 The world is not awash

00:19:28.900 --> 00:19:29.559
 with information

00:19:29.559 --> 00:19:30.539
 and specialisations.

00:19:31.299 --> 00:19:32.120
 Warfield is offered

00:19:32.120 --> 00:19:33.259
 the Old Testament position.

00:19:34.059 --> 00:19:35.100
 He turns this down

00:19:35.100 --> 00:19:36.340
 not because he's fallen

00:19:36.340 --> 00:19:37.420
 in love with systematics,

00:19:37.559 --> 00:19:38.299
 but because he's fallen

00:19:38.299 --> 00:19:39.799
 in love with New Testament.

00:19:41.120 --> 00:19:41.580
 And again,

00:19:41.660 --> 00:19:42.059
 he's approached

00:19:42.059 --> 00:19:43.539
 by Western in 1878,

00:19:44.039 --> 00:19:45.420
 this time for the

00:19:45.420 --> 00:19:46.320
 cherished position

00:19:46.320 --> 00:19:47.560
 in New Testament.

00:19:48.660 --> 00:19:50.300
 And his pulpit supply

00:19:50.300 --> 00:19:51.200
 at first prayers

00:19:51.200 --> 00:19:52.580
 in Baltimore at the time

00:19:52.580 --> 00:19:54.340
 and he accepts the job

00:19:54.340 --> 00:19:55.360
 and takes up the position

00:19:55.360 --> 00:19:57.279
 in September 1878.

00:19:58.779 --> 00:19:59.840
 His time as professor

00:19:59.840 --> 00:20:00.400
 of New Testament

00:20:00.400 --> 00:20:01.019
 was not without

00:20:01.019 --> 00:20:01.900
 significant fruit.

00:20:02.640 --> 00:20:03.539
 In 1886,

00:20:03.820 --> 00:20:04.800
 he becomes the first

00:20:04.800 --> 00:20:06.460
 American period

00:20:06.460 --> 00:20:07.740
 to publish a book

00:20:07.740 --> 00:20:08.700
 on contextual criticism.

00:20:09.539 --> 00:20:10.259
 It's a fascinating book

00:20:10.259 --> 00:20:10.680
 to read.

00:20:10.940 --> 00:20:11.640
 It's a classic

00:20:11.640 --> 00:20:12.620
 19th century.

00:20:12.619 --> 00:20:12.879
 You know,

00:20:13.359 --> 00:20:14.259
 some books you read

00:20:14.259 --> 00:20:15.279
 and you can date them

00:20:15.279 --> 00:20:16.479
 within a couple of years.

00:20:16.819 --> 00:20:17.519
 I've got this

00:20:17.519 --> 00:20:19.139
 torn off Bible cover

00:20:19.139 --> 00:20:19.679
 in my office,

00:20:19.759 --> 00:20:20.979
 beautiful gilt Bible cover,

00:20:21.299 --> 00:20:21.619
 and it says,

00:20:21.699 --> 00:20:22.519
 the Holy Bible,

00:20:22.979 --> 00:20:24.199
 the secret of England's

00:20:24.199 --> 00:20:24.639
 greatness.

00:20:25.479 --> 00:20:25.699
 You know,

00:20:25.759 --> 00:20:26.579
 and you can date that

00:20:26.579 --> 00:20:27.479
 within 10 years

00:20:27.479 --> 00:20:28.339
 because you've got to look

00:20:28.339 --> 00:20:29.299
 at what point was

00:20:29.299 --> 00:20:30.359
 England at its most

00:20:30.359 --> 00:20:31.779
 arrogance and hubristic.

00:20:32.579 --> 00:20:33.059
 You know,

00:20:33.219 --> 00:20:34.139
 it's got to be published

00:20:34.139 --> 00:20:34.779
 at that point.

00:20:35.919 --> 00:20:36.559
 Warfield's book

00:20:36.559 --> 00:20:37.739
 on New Testament criticism,

00:20:38.199 --> 00:20:39.239
 he has this supreme

00:20:39.239 --> 00:20:39.979
 confidence

00:20:39.980 --> 00:20:41.839
 that text criticism

00:20:41.839 --> 00:20:43.120
 will vindicate

00:20:43.120 --> 00:20:44.400
 orthodox views

00:20:44.400 --> 00:20:44.880
 of scripture.

00:20:45.519 --> 00:20:46.519
 But what text criticism

00:20:46.519 --> 00:20:47.019
 will do

00:20:47.019 --> 00:20:47.680
 is allow you

00:20:47.680 --> 00:20:48.259
 to get back

00:20:48.259 --> 00:20:49.460
 closer and closer

00:20:49.460 --> 00:20:50.120
 and closer

00:20:50.120 --> 00:20:51.360
 to the original

00:20:51.360 --> 00:20:51.880
 manuscripts.

00:20:52.559 --> 00:20:53.599
 And slowly but surely

00:20:53.599 --> 00:20:54.599
 all of the textual

00:20:54.599 --> 00:20:55.079
 problems

00:20:55.079 --> 00:20:56.480
 will be solved.

00:20:56.819 --> 00:20:57.360
 He says this,

00:20:57.380 --> 00:20:58.160
 if then we undertake

00:20:58.160 --> 00:20:59.160
 the textual criticism

00:20:59.160 --> 00:20:59.900
 of the New Testament

00:20:59.900 --> 00:21:01.079
 under a sense

00:21:01.079 --> 00:21:02.059
 of duty,

00:21:02.160 --> 00:21:02.960
 we may bring it

00:21:02.960 --> 00:21:03.720
 to a conclusion

00:21:03.720 --> 00:21:05.039
 under the inspiration

00:21:05.039 --> 00:21:05.519
 of hope.

00:21:05.880 --> 00:21:06.860
 The orthographic

00:21:06.860 --> 00:21:08.160
 text of the New Testament

00:21:08.160 --> 00:21:09.540
 is distinctly

00:21:09.540 --> 00:21:10.480
 within the reach

00:21:10.480 --> 00:21:11.100
 of criticism.

00:21:12.160 --> 00:21:12.840
 And so immensely

00:21:12.840 --> 00:21:13.519
 the great part

00:21:13.519 --> 00:21:14.019
 of the volume

00:21:14.019 --> 00:21:15.480
 that we cannot despair

00:21:15.480 --> 00:21:16.680
 restoring to ourselves

00:21:16.680 --> 00:21:17.660
 and the Church of God

00:21:17.660 --> 00:21:18.420
 his book,

00:21:18.680 --> 00:21:19.880
 word for word,

00:21:20.519 --> 00:21:21.140
 as he gave it

00:21:21.140 --> 00:21:21.940
 by inspiration

00:21:21.940 --> 00:21:22.940
 to men.

00:21:23.540 --> 00:21:24.600
 So the first book

00:21:24.600 --> 00:21:26.080
 in North America,

00:21:26.240 --> 00:21:27.259
 written by North America,

00:21:27.860 --> 00:21:28.940
 on textual criticism

00:21:28.940 --> 00:21:29.360
 is saying,

00:21:29.460 --> 00:21:30.240
 textual criticism,

00:21:30.500 --> 00:21:31.360
 it's the friend

00:21:31.360 --> 00:21:32.300
 of orthodoxy

00:21:32.300 --> 00:21:33.560
 because it will bring

00:21:33.560 --> 00:21:34.620
 back to the Church

00:21:34.620 --> 00:21:36.480
 the very autographs

00:21:36.480 --> 00:21:37.880
 of the word of God.

00:21:39.700 --> 00:21:40.120
 Again,

00:21:40.360 --> 00:21:41.880
 this is the late 19th century.

00:21:42.860 --> 00:21:44.319
 Very, very optimistic

00:21:44.319 --> 00:21:46.500
 time for Christians.

00:21:48.460 --> 00:21:49.140
 1886,

00:21:50.160 --> 00:21:51.220
 he is offered the position

00:21:51.220 --> 00:21:51.960
 which he will then

00:21:51.960 --> 00:21:53.259
 come to occupy

00:21:53.259 --> 00:21:54.400
 for the rest of his life

00:21:54.400 --> 00:21:54.960
 and where he will do

00:21:54.960 --> 00:21:56.099
 his most significant work.

00:21:56.460 --> 00:21:57.620
 The chair of didactic

00:21:57.620 --> 00:21:59.319
 and polemic theology

00:21:59.319 --> 00:22:01.019
 at Princeton Theological Seminary.

00:22:01.839 --> 00:22:02.900
 The position previously

00:22:02.900 --> 00:22:04.279
 occupied by Charles Hodge

00:22:04.279 --> 00:22:06.680
 and unexpectedly vacated

00:22:06.680 --> 00:22:08.279
 by the premature death

00:22:08.279 --> 00:22:10.000
 of Charles Hodge's successor

00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:11.720
 and indeed Warfield's

00:22:11.720 --> 00:22:12.259
 co-author

00:22:12.259 --> 00:22:12.960
 and the little book

00:22:12.960 --> 00:22:13.720
 on inspiration,

00:22:14.460 --> 00:22:17.240
 Archibald Alexander Hodge.

00:22:17.960 --> 00:22:18.879
 Warfield's acceptance

00:22:18.879 --> 00:22:19.660
 of this position

00:22:19.660 --> 00:22:20.799
 was very controversial.

00:22:21.779 --> 00:22:22.680
 No less a man

00:22:22.680 --> 00:22:23.940
 than the great British

00:22:23.940 --> 00:22:25.759
 scholar William Robertson

00:22:25.759 --> 00:22:27.519
 Nicoll was upset.

00:22:27.839 --> 00:22:28.700
 Warfield had agreed

00:22:28.700 --> 00:22:29.859
 to provide a volume

00:22:29.859 --> 00:22:30.859
 to Nicoll

00:22:30.859 --> 00:22:33.059
 for his Expositors Bible series.

00:22:33.059 --> 00:22:34.460
 And when he takes

00:22:34.460 --> 00:22:35.519
 the chair of systematics

00:22:35.519 --> 00:22:36.399
 Nicoll realizes

00:22:36.399 --> 00:22:37.039
 this is probably

00:22:37.039 --> 00:22:37.859
 never going to happen.

00:22:38.460 --> 00:22:39.500
 And he writes to Warfield,

00:22:39.619 --> 00:22:40.460
 Permit me, he says,

00:22:40.559 --> 00:22:41.099
 first of all

00:22:41.099 --> 00:22:42.220
 to congratulate you

00:22:42.220 --> 00:22:43.039
 on your new position.

00:22:43.619 --> 00:22:44.240
 I do not know

00:22:44.240 --> 00:22:45.099
 if I can do so

00:22:45.099 --> 00:22:46.220
 with unmixed feelings.

00:22:46.579 --> 00:22:47.179
 You will no doubt

00:22:47.179 --> 00:22:48.099
 do a great work

00:22:48.099 --> 00:22:48.659
 in Princeton

00:22:48.659 --> 00:22:50.039
 for us all

00:22:50.039 --> 00:22:51.019
 but I grudge

00:22:51.019 --> 00:22:51.619
 very much

00:22:51.619 --> 00:22:52.159
 that you should be

00:22:52.159 --> 00:22:52.679
 taken away

00:22:52.679 --> 00:22:53.339
 from the study

00:22:53.339 --> 00:22:54.119
 of the New Testament.

00:22:54.679 --> 00:22:55.940
 I do not release you

00:22:55.940 --> 00:22:57.559
 from the Expositors Bible

00:22:57.559 --> 00:22:58.559
 though you be

00:22:58.559 --> 00:22:59.119
 a professor

00:22:59.119 --> 00:23:00.440
 of dogmatic theology.

00:23:00.440 --> 00:23:02.240
 You owe this debt

00:23:02.240 --> 00:23:03.380
 to the position

00:23:03.380 --> 00:23:04.460
 you have forsaken.

00:23:04.980 --> 00:23:05.640
 So that's a real

00:23:05.640 --> 00:23:06.759
 that's like a Pharrell

00:23:06.759 --> 00:23:08.100
 I curse your rest

00:23:08.100 --> 00:23:09.480
 for moving on

00:23:09.480 --> 00:23:10.160
 at this point.

00:23:14.660 --> 00:23:15.180
 Ethelburn,

00:23:15.920 --> 00:23:16.820
 Warfield's brother

00:23:16.820 --> 00:23:18.039
 wrote after his death

00:23:18.039 --> 00:23:19.259
 he says he venerated

00:23:19.259 --> 00:23:20.580
 as only a pure

00:23:20.580 --> 00:23:22.059
 and unselfish spirit can

00:23:22.059 --> 00:23:23.220
 the great men

00:23:23.220 --> 00:23:24.080
 and hallowed memories

00:23:24.080 --> 00:23:25.080
 that should make Princeton

00:23:25.080 --> 00:23:26.559
 one of the most notable

00:23:26.559 --> 00:23:28.120
 seats of theological scholarship.

00:23:28.799 --> 00:23:29.380
 His reverence

00:23:29.380 --> 00:23:30.400
 for those who taught him

00:23:30.400 --> 00:23:31.320
 was equaled

00:23:31.320 --> 00:23:32.120
 by his admiration

00:23:32.120 --> 00:23:32.860
 of his colleagues

00:23:32.860 --> 00:23:34.000
 and the love

00:23:34.000 --> 00:23:35.180
 which he delighted

00:23:35.180 --> 00:23:35.820
 to express

00:23:35.820 --> 00:23:36.920
 for those who taught him

00:23:36.920 --> 00:23:38.760
 was constantly reproduced

00:23:38.760 --> 00:23:39.780
 in his affection

00:23:39.780 --> 00:23:40.880
 for younger colleagues

00:23:40.880 --> 00:23:42.440
 and the successive classes

00:23:42.440 --> 00:23:43.140
 of students

00:23:43.140 --> 00:23:44.920
 who thronged his classroom.

00:23:45.860 --> 00:23:46.620
 Say the Warfields

00:23:46.620 --> 00:23:47.320
 never had children

00:23:47.320 --> 00:23:48.300
 but because of

00:23:48.300 --> 00:23:51.000
 because of their love

00:23:51.000 --> 00:23:51.520
 for children

00:23:51.520 --> 00:23:51.940
 they

00:23:51.940 --> 00:23:52.720
 as I said

00:23:52.720 --> 00:23:53.300
 memorized

00:23:53.300 --> 00:23:55.180
 even the dates of birth

00:23:55.180 --> 00:23:56.620
 of the students

00:23:56.620 --> 00:23:57.940
 kids at Westminster

00:23:57.940 --> 00:23:58.940
 so they could give them

00:23:58.940 --> 00:24:00.000
 presence.

00:24:01.900 --> 00:24:03.000
 Warfield was to engage

00:24:03.000 --> 00:24:04.840
 in significant correspondence

00:24:04.840 --> 00:24:06.840
 with many of the great

00:24:06.840 --> 00:24:07.900
 theologians

00:24:07.900 --> 00:24:09.019
 and figures of his day

00:24:09.019 --> 00:24:10.140
 William Robertson

00:24:10.140 --> 00:24:10.420
 Nichol

00:24:10.420 --> 00:24:11.360
 John Broadus

00:24:11.360 --> 00:24:12.799
 Charles Briggs

00:24:12.799 --> 00:24:13.740
 Warfield of course

00:24:13.740 --> 00:24:14.160
 would become

00:24:14.160 --> 00:24:15.840
 Briggs' nemesis

00:24:15.840 --> 00:24:17.380
 Kellogg

00:24:17.380 --> 00:24:18.100
 G.F. Wright

00:24:18.100 --> 00:24:18.500
 Barber

00:24:18.500 --> 00:24:19.559
 and Kuyper

00:24:19.559 --> 00:24:20.920
 as a recipient

00:24:20.920 --> 00:24:22.279
 of various

00:24:22.279 --> 00:24:23.279
 academic honors

00:24:23.279 --> 00:24:24.340
 from other institutions

00:24:24.339 --> 00:24:25.939
 received the DD

00:24:25.939 --> 00:24:27.139
 and the Doctor of Laws

00:24:27.139 --> 00:24:27.679
 from the College

00:24:27.679 --> 00:24:28.359
 of New Jersey

00:24:28.359 --> 00:24:31.139
 he received an honorary

00:24:31.139 --> 00:24:31.759
 doctorate from

00:24:31.759 --> 00:24:32.939
 Lafayette College

00:24:32.939 --> 00:24:33.639
 and the University

00:24:33.639 --> 00:24:34.419
 of Utrecht

00:24:34.419 --> 00:24:35.559
 and indeed

00:24:35.559 --> 00:24:36.279
 the University

00:24:36.279 --> 00:24:36.740
 of Utrecht

00:24:36.740 --> 00:24:37.659
 took the unprecedented

00:24:37.659 --> 00:24:38.379
 step

00:24:38.379 --> 00:24:39.359
 because of his

00:24:39.359 --> 00:24:40.379
 inability to travel

00:24:40.379 --> 00:24:41.339
 from Princeton

00:24:41.339 --> 00:24:41.919
 because of his

00:24:41.919 --> 00:24:42.959
 wife's circumstances

00:24:42.959 --> 00:24:44.399
 of awarding his

00:24:44.399 --> 00:24:44.980
 doctorate

00:24:44.980 --> 00:24:46.240
 in absentia

00:24:46.240 --> 00:24:47.839
 death

00:24:47.839 --> 00:24:48.480
 when it came

00:24:48.480 --> 00:24:49.299
 came suddenly

00:24:49.299 --> 00:24:51.059
 finally on this

00:24:51.059 --> 00:24:51.939
 started on December

00:24:51.940 --> 00:24:53.320
 the 24th

00:24:53.320 --> 00:24:53.940
 1920

00:24:53.940 --> 00:24:55.960
 so the letter

00:24:55.960 --> 00:24:56.360
 I have

00:24:56.360 --> 00:24:56.860
 is December

00:24:56.860 --> 00:24:57.700
 the 21st

00:24:57.700 --> 00:24:58.220
 so you see

00:24:58.220 --> 00:24:58.980
 how quickly

00:24:58.980 --> 00:25:00.259
 Warfield goes

00:25:00.259 --> 00:25:01.340
 downhill after that

00:25:01.340 --> 00:25:02.400
 Warfield had a

00:25:02.400 --> 00:25:03.000
 habit of every

00:25:03.000 --> 00:25:03.779
 evening he would

00:25:03.779 --> 00:25:04.400
 walk around

00:25:04.400 --> 00:25:04.840
 Princeton

00:25:04.840 --> 00:25:06.000
 with his

00:25:06.000 --> 00:25:06.440
 colleague

00:25:06.440 --> 00:25:07.480
 Gerhardus Voss

00:25:07.480 --> 00:25:08.700
 some of you

00:25:08.700 --> 00:25:09.360
 know with Voss

00:25:09.360 --> 00:25:10.460
 who Banner of Truth

00:25:10.460 --> 00:25:10.900
 publishes

00:25:10.900 --> 00:25:11.840
 biblical theology

00:25:11.840 --> 00:25:13.740
 Gerhardus Voss

00:25:13.740 --> 00:25:14.900
 very significant

00:25:14.900 --> 00:25:15.700
 in developing

00:25:15.700 --> 00:25:16.500
 a redemptive

00:25:16.500 --> 00:25:17.620
 historical approach

00:25:17.620 --> 00:25:19.100
 to the reading

00:25:19.100 --> 00:25:19.640
 of scripture

00:25:19.640 --> 00:25:21.500
 Warfield and Voss

00:25:21.500 --> 00:25:22.599
 were very close

00:25:22.599 --> 00:25:23.779
 friends and

00:25:23.779 --> 00:25:24.420
 colleagues

00:25:24.420 --> 00:25:26.039
 so you know

00:25:26.039 --> 00:25:26.960
 I have the

00:25:26.960 --> 00:25:27.579
 last letter of

00:25:27.579 --> 00:25:27.900
 Warfield

00:25:27.900 --> 00:25:28.400
 my colleague

00:25:28.400 --> 00:25:28.980
 Dick Gavin

00:25:28.980 --> 00:25:30.500
 he has Gerhardus

00:25:30.500 --> 00:25:31.339
 Voss' walking

00:25:31.339 --> 00:25:31.839
 stick

00:25:31.839 --> 00:25:33.359
 not that Protestants

00:25:33.359 --> 00:25:34.119
 are into relics

00:25:34.119 --> 00:25:34.759
 saints

00:25:34.759 --> 00:25:35.380
 anyway

00:25:35.380 --> 00:25:36.599
 at all

00:25:36.599 --> 00:25:36.880
 but

00:25:36.880 --> 00:25:38.819
 I have you know

00:25:38.819 --> 00:25:39.160
 a couple of

00:25:39.160 --> 00:25:39.940
 students have been

00:25:39.940 --> 00:25:40.680
 cured of leprosy

00:25:40.680 --> 00:25:41.339
 just by looking

00:25:41.339 --> 00:25:41.579
 at him

00:25:41.579 --> 00:25:43.779
 it's quite amazing

00:25:43.779 --> 00:25:44.579
 it has an eerie

00:25:44.579 --> 00:25:45.559
 glow at night

00:25:45.559 --> 00:25:45.900
 which is

00:25:45.900 --> 00:25:46.500
 kind of spooky

00:25:46.500 --> 00:25:49.000
 Warfield is going

00:25:49.000 --> 00:25:49.759
 to see his

00:25:49.759 --> 00:25:50.480
 friend Gerhardus

00:25:50.480 --> 00:25:51.259
 Voss on December

00:25:51.259 --> 00:25:52.079
 the 24th

00:25:52.079 --> 00:25:53.559
 and he

00:25:53.559 --> 00:25:54.059
 collapses

00:25:54.059 --> 00:25:58.819
 some weeks later

00:25:58.819 --> 00:25:59.700
 after resting

00:25:59.700 --> 00:26:00.559
 he returns to

00:26:00.559 --> 00:26:01.220
 the classroom

00:26:01.220 --> 00:26:03.599
 but on February

00:26:03.599 --> 00:26:04.339
 the 16th

00:26:04.339 --> 00:26:04.900
 having taught

00:26:04.900 --> 00:26:05.559
 his class

00:26:05.559 --> 00:26:07.099
 he goes home

00:26:07.099 --> 00:26:08.039
 to his house

00:26:08.039 --> 00:26:09.319
 and apparently

00:26:09.319 --> 00:26:10.620
 suffered

00:26:10.620 --> 00:26:12.160
 a fatal

00:26:12.160 --> 00:26:13.140
 heart attack

00:26:13.140 --> 00:26:14.180
 on February

00:26:14.180 --> 00:26:15.480
 the 16th

00:26:15.480 --> 00:26:17.860
 so Warfield

00:26:17.860 --> 00:26:18.160
 then

00:26:18.160 --> 00:26:18.680
 that's

00:26:18.680 --> 00:26:19.420
 his life

00:26:19.420 --> 00:26:19.940
 relatively

00:26:19.940 --> 00:26:20.940
 the facts

00:26:20.940 --> 00:26:21.440
 the marriage

00:26:21.440 --> 00:26:21.759
 is a bit

00:26:21.759 --> 00:26:22.140
 mysterious

00:26:22.140 --> 00:26:22.839
 but the facts

00:26:22.839 --> 00:26:23.940
 are relatively

00:26:23.940 --> 00:26:25.120
 straightforward

00:26:25.120 --> 00:26:26.640
 what about

00:26:26.640 --> 00:26:27.380
 his contribution

00:26:27.380 --> 00:26:28.480
 what are the

00:26:28.480 --> 00:26:28.940
 things that he

00:26:28.940 --> 00:26:29.440
 does that are

00:26:29.440 --> 00:26:30.680
 perhaps still

00:26:30.680 --> 00:26:31.940
 significant for us

00:26:31.940 --> 00:26:32.180
 today

00:26:32.180 --> 00:26:32.960
 well first of all

00:26:32.960 --> 00:26:33.380
 I think

00:26:33.380 --> 00:26:34.339
 most obviously

00:26:34.339 --> 00:26:35.160
 and most famously

00:26:35.160 --> 00:26:36.339
 his work

00:26:36.339 --> 00:26:37.180
 on scripture

00:26:37.180 --> 00:26:38.620
 the famous article

00:26:38.620 --> 00:26:39.240
 he co-wrote

00:26:39.240 --> 00:26:39.720
 with A.A.

00:26:39.799 --> 00:26:40.079
 Hodge

00:26:40.079 --> 00:26:41.180
 on inspiration

00:26:41.180 --> 00:26:42.819
 remains foundational

00:26:42.819 --> 00:26:43.319
 I think

00:26:43.319 --> 00:26:44.119
 for evangelical

00:26:44.119 --> 00:26:44.779
 and conservative

00:26:44.779 --> 00:26:45.379
 protestant

00:26:45.379 --> 00:26:46.139
 discussions

00:26:46.139 --> 00:26:46.980
 of the subject

00:26:46.980 --> 00:26:48.099
 love it

00:26:48.099 --> 00:26:48.819
 or hate it

00:26:48.819 --> 00:26:49.960
 one either

00:26:49.960 --> 00:26:50.839
 agrees with it

00:26:50.839 --> 00:26:51.960
 reacts against it

00:26:51.960 --> 00:26:52.759
 or does something

00:26:52.759 --> 00:26:53.579
 somewhere

00:26:53.579 --> 00:26:54.859
 in between

00:26:54.859 --> 00:26:56.539
 Warfield and Hodge

00:26:56.539 --> 00:26:57.059
 I think

00:26:57.059 --> 00:26:57.960
 basically set

00:26:57.960 --> 00:26:58.480
 the terms

00:26:58.480 --> 00:26:59.059
 of debate

00:26:59.059 --> 00:27:01.099
 for discussions

00:27:01.099 --> 00:27:01.599
 of scripture

00:27:01.599 --> 00:27:02.659
 as they continue

00:27:02.659 --> 00:27:03.639
 today

00:27:03.639 --> 00:27:06.240
 second major

00:27:06.240 --> 00:27:06.899
 area of

00:27:06.899 --> 00:27:07.839
 contribution

00:27:07.839 --> 00:27:08.599
 is his work

00:27:08.599 --> 00:27:10.039
 on perfectionism

00:27:10.039 --> 00:27:13.180
 what is interesting

00:27:13.180 --> 00:27:13.899
 in that work

00:27:13.899 --> 00:27:14.599
 is that Warfield

00:27:14.599 --> 00:27:16.119
 makes the connection

00:27:16.119 --> 00:27:16.500
 there

00:27:16.500 --> 00:27:17.539
 a clear connection

00:27:17.539 --> 00:27:18.139
 between

00:27:18.139 --> 00:27:19.659
 liberalism

00:27:19.659 --> 00:27:20.619
 mysticism

00:27:20.619 --> 00:27:21.859
 pragmatism

00:27:21.859 --> 00:27:23.279
 and perfectionism

00:27:23.279 --> 00:27:24.859
 that all of them

00:27:24.859 --> 00:27:25.539
 reduce

00:27:25.539 --> 00:27:27.200
 the gospel

00:27:27.200 --> 00:27:28.639
 to some sort

00:27:28.639 --> 00:27:29.420
 of psychological

00:27:29.420 --> 00:27:30.299
 state

00:27:30.299 --> 00:27:31.659
 if you like

00:27:31.659 --> 00:27:33.299
 to some form

00:27:33.299 --> 00:27:34.099
 of psychological

00:27:34.099 --> 00:27:35.119
 pragmatism

00:27:35.119 --> 00:27:36.819
 and it's amazing

00:27:36.819 --> 00:27:37.359
 reading

00:27:37.359 --> 00:27:38.859
 Warfield

00:27:38.859 --> 00:27:39.979
 some of Warfield's

00:27:39.979 --> 00:27:40.519
 critiques

00:27:40.519 --> 00:27:41.299
 as we shall see

00:27:41.299 --> 00:27:41.839
 in a few moments

00:27:41.839 --> 00:27:42.479
 some of Warfield's

00:27:42.479 --> 00:27:42.879
 critiques

00:27:42.879 --> 00:27:43.779
 of 19th century

00:27:43.779 --> 00:27:44.419
 liberalism

00:27:44.419 --> 00:27:45.939
 could be critiques

00:27:45.939 --> 00:27:46.839
 of contemporary

00:27:46.839 --> 00:27:48.099
 evangelical thought

00:27:48.099 --> 00:27:49.419
 on some fronts

00:27:49.419 --> 00:27:50.479
 with the difference

00:27:50.479 --> 00:27:51.379
 that the 19th century

00:27:51.379 --> 00:27:52.039
 German liberals

00:27:52.039 --> 00:27:53.259
 were very sophisticated

00:27:53.259 --> 00:27:55.099
 and by and large

00:27:55.099 --> 00:27:56.299
 a lot of

00:27:56.299 --> 00:27:57.339
 evangelical thought

00:27:57.339 --> 00:27:58.419
 seems to take

00:27:58.419 --> 00:27:58.899
 its cue

00:27:58.899 --> 00:27:59.359
 from sort of

00:27:59.359 --> 00:28:00.179
 Oprah Winfrey

00:28:00.179 --> 00:28:01.000
 level

00:28:01.000 --> 00:28:02.139
 of theology

00:28:02.139 --> 00:28:04.779
 a third area

00:28:04.779 --> 00:28:05.339
 of significance

00:28:05.339 --> 00:28:06.099
 and this is where

00:28:06.099 --> 00:28:06.799
 I think he's

00:28:06.799 --> 00:28:08.599
 interesting for debates

00:28:08.599 --> 00:28:09.199
 and discussions

00:28:09.199 --> 00:28:09.699
 that I know

00:28:09.699 --> 00:28:10.559
 the IPC

00:28:10.559 --> 00:28:11.419
 are having

00:28:11.419 --> 00:28:13.359
 is the area

00:28:13.359 --> 00:28:14.000
 of subscription

00:28:14.000 --> 00:28:14.639
 and confessional

00:28:14.639 --> 00:28:15.059
 revision

00:28:15.059 --> 00:28:16.139
 and actually

00:28:16.139 --> 00:28:16.959
 Fred Zastel

00:28:16.959 --> 00:28:17.219
 and I

00:28:17.219 --> 00:28:17.539
 just

00:28:17.539 --> 00:28:18.859
 we're gathering

00:28:18.859 --> 00:28:19.279
 together

00:28:19.279 --> 00:28:19.740
 Crossway

00:28:19.740 --> 00:28:20.259
 are interested

00:28:20.259 --> 00:28:21.079
 in publishing

00:28:21.079 --> 00:28:22.259
 a volume

00:28:22.259 --> 00:28:23.240
 of Warfield's

00:28:23.240 --> 00:28:23.559
 writings

00:28:23.559 --> 00:28:24.240
 on confessional

00:28:24.240 --> 00:28:24.699
 subscription

00:28:24.699 --> 00:28:25.779
 and

00:28:25.779 --> 00:28:27.379
 this sounds

00:28:27.379 --> 00:28:28.240
 horribly patronising

00:28:28.240 --> 00:28:28.619
 but I'll say it

00:28:28.619 --> 00:28:28.799
 anyway

00:28:28.799 --> 00:28:29.359
 Fred has said

00:28:29.359 --> 00:28:29.559
 to me

00:28:29.559 --> 00:28:30.039
 look I'm a

00:28:30.039 --> 00:28:30.319
 Baptist

00:28:30.319 --> 00:28:31.359
 I don't understand

00:28:31.359 --> 00:28:31.919
 confessional

00:28:31.919 --> 00:28:32.419
 subscription

00:28:32.419 --> 00:28:33.000
 but I love

00:28:33.000 --> 00:28:33.500
 Warfield

00:28:33.500 --> 00:28:34.559
 if I gather

00:28:34.559 --> 00:28:35.519
 the stuff together

00:28:35.519 --> 00:28:36.139
 will you write

00:28:36.140 --> 00:28:36.820
 the introduction

00:28:36.820 --> 00:28:38.060
 so we're putting

00:28:38.060 --> 00:28:38.900
 together a volume

00:28:38.900 --> 00:28:40.040
 on Warfield's

00:28:40.040 --> 00:28:40.920
 discussions of

00:28:40.920 --> 00:28:42.200
 confessional subscription

00:28:42.200 --> 00:28:43.220
 and confessional revision

00:28:43.220 --> 00:28:44.340
 which is a hot

00:28:44.340 --> 00:28:45.040
 button issue

00:28:45.040 --> 00:28:46.220
 in the 1890s

00:28:46.220 --> 00:28:46.960
 in American

00:28:46.960 --> 00:28:47.800
 Presbyterianism

00:28:47.800 --> 00:28:48.800
 as it was in

00:28:48.800 --> 00:28:50.040
 Scottish Presbyterianism

00:28:50.040 --> 00:28:51.040
 and in some ways

00:28:51.040 --> 00:28:52.040
 as it continues

00:28:52.040 --> 00:28:53.360
 to this day

00:28:53.360 --> 00:28:55.900
 Warfield of course

00:28:55.900 --> 00:28:56.400
 had been

00:28:56.400 --> 00:28:57.780
 he'd opposed

00:28:57.780 --> 00:28:58.340
 the founding

00:28:58.340 --> 00:28:59.020
 of a journal

00:28:59.020 --> 00:29:00.220
 called the

00:29:00.220 --> 00:29:01.240
 Presbyterian

00:29:01.240 --> 00:29:02.040
 Review

00:29:02.039 --> 00:29:03.079
 the journal

00:29:03.079 --> 00:29:03.740
 was founded

00:29:03.740 --> 00:29:04.180
 in order

00:29:04.180 --> 00:29:04.659
 to try to

00:29:04.659 --> 00:29:05.659
 bring together

00:29:05.659 --> 00:29:06.659
 the different

00:29:06.659 --> 00:29:07.339
 sides that

00:29:07.339 --> 00:29:07.920
 were emerging

00:29:07.920 --> 00:29:09.379
 in the

00:29:09.379 --> 00:29:10.079
 Presbyterian

00:29:10.079 --> 00:29:10.480
 Church

00:29:10.480 --> 00:29:11.399
 in America

00:29:11.399 --> 00:29:12.639
 at that time

00:29:12.639 --> 00:29:13.559
 and the idea

00:29:13.559 --> 00:29:13.980
 was to have

00:29:13.980 --> 00:29:14.700
 two editors

00:29:14.700 --> 00:29:15.659
 a liberal

00:29:15.659 --> 00:29:16.480
 and a conservative

00:29:16.480 --> 00:29:17.579
 to sort of

00:29:17.579 --> 00:29:18.440
 hold the show

00:29:18.440 --> 00:29:18.960
 together

00:29:18.960 --> 00:29:19.940
 and Warfield

00:29:19.940 --> 00:29:20.440
 had opposed

00:29:20.440 --> 00:29:20.920
 the founding

00:29:20.920 --> 00:29:21.379
 of it

00:29:21.379 --> 00:29:22.720
 and the first

00:29:22.720 --> 00:29:24.700
 editors

00:29:24.700 --> 00:29:25.599
 the two editors

00:29:25.599 --> 00:29:26.839
 were Charles Briggs

00:29:26.839 --> 00:29:28.099
 and the conservative

00:29:28.099 --> 00:29:29.240
 was Francis Landy

00:29:29.240 --> 00:29:29.680
 Patton

00:29:29.680 --> 00:29:32.580
 and Landy

00:29:32.580 --> 00:29:32.960
 Patton

00:29:32.960 --> 00:29:33.519
 retired

00:29:33.519 --> 00:29:34.120
 or resigned

00:29:34.120 --> 00:29:35.019
 in 1888

00:29:35.019 --> 00:29:35.840
 and Warfield

00:29:35.840 --> 00:29:36.500
 was chosen

00:29:36.500 --> 00:29:37.340
 as his successor

00:29:37.340 --> 00:29:38.180
 you can just

00:29:38.180 --> 00:29:38.880
 imagine what

00:29:38.880 --> 00:29:39.580
 Briggs must have

00:29:39.580 --> 00:29:40.000
 thought when

00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:40.840
 word came down

00:29:40.840 --> 00:29:41.400
 that oh the guy

00:29:41.400 --> 00:29:41.700
 you're going to

00:29:41.700 --> 00:29:42.220
 work with from

00:29:42.220 --> 00:29:42.660
 now on

00:29:42.660 --> 00:29:43.840
 is B.B.

00:29:44.000 --> 00:29:44.519
 Warfield

00:29:44.519 --> 00:29:47.200
 it was

00:29:47.200 --> 00:29:47.960
 my notes here

00:29:47.960 --> 00:29:48.380
 say it was

00:29:48.380 --> 00:29:49.160
 a problematic

00:29:49.160 --> 00:29:50.019
 relationship

00:29:50.019 --> 00:29:50.600
 I suspect

00:29:50.600 --> 00:29:51.500
 that's good

00:29:51.500 --> 00:29:52.000
 English

00:29:52.000 --> 00:29:53.140
 understatement

00:29:53.140 --> 00:29:55.700
 they lasted

00:29:55.700 --> 00:29:56.460
 together less

00:29:56.460 --> 00:29:57.000
 than a year

00:29:57.000 --> 00:29:59.019
 actually no

00:29:59.019 --> 00:29:59.180
 sorry

00:29:59.180 --> 00:29:59.740
 oh I've got a

00:29:59.740 --> 00:29:59.860
 minute

00:29:59.860 --> 00:30:00.779
 only a little

00:30:00.779 --> 00:30:01.779
 over a year

00:30:01.779 --> 00:30:03.299
 and then Warfield

00:30:03.299 --> 00:30:03.880
 resigned

00:30:03.880 --> 00:30:04.920
 Briggs resigned

00:30:04.920 --> 00:30:05.840
 and the journal

00:30:05.840 --> 00:30:06.740
 folded

00:30:06.740 --> 00:30:07.640
 shortly

00:30:07.640 --> 00:30:08.779
 thereafter

00:30:08.779 --> 00:30:09.980
 the names of

00:30:09.980 --> 00:30:10.900
 Warfield and Briggs

00:30:10.900 --> 00:30:11.340
 of course

00:30:11.340 --> 00:30:12.200
 epitomise

00:30:12.200 --> 00:30:13.299
 or symbolise

00:30:13.299 --> 00:30:14.060
 perhaps there's

00:30:14.060 --> 00:30:14.640
 no others

00:30:14.640 --> 00:30:15.460
 the growing

00:30:15.460 --> 00:30:16.000
 tensions

00:30:16.000 --> 00:30:17.480
 within American

00:30:17.480 --> 00:30:18.580
 Presbyterianism

00:30:18.580 --> 00:30:19.860
 over confessional

00:30:19.860 --> 00:30:20.420
 subscription

00:30:20.420 --> 00:30:22.100
 indeed

00:30:22.100 --> 00:30:23.680
 when Warfield

00:30:23.680 --> 00:30:24.240
 is asked

00:30:24.240 --> 00:30:25.340
 about 1915

00:30:25.340 --> 00:30:26.060
 1916

00:30:26.060 --> 00:30:27.340
 do you think

00:30:27.339 --> 00:30:28.559
 the Presbyterian

00:30:28.559 --> 00:30:29.240
 church will

00:30:29.240 --> 00:30:29.720
 split

00:30:29.720 --> 00:30:30.759
 his answer

00:30:30.759 --> 00:30:31.299
 by that point

00:30:31.299 --> 00:30:31.959
 is you can't

00:30:31.959 --> 00:30:32.699
 split rotten

00:30:32.699 --> 00:30:33.039
 wood

00:30:33.039 --> 00:30:35.099
 it's just so

00:30:35.099 --> 00:30:35.539
 bad

00:30:35.539 --> 00:30:36.539
 you can't even

00:30:36.539 --> 00:30:37.019
 think of it

00:30:37.019 --> 00:30:37.559
 in terms of

00:30:37.559 --> 00:30:38.179
 a split

00:30:38.179 --> 00:30:39.399
 these days

00:30:39.399 --> 00:30:41.439
 and

00:30:41.439 --> 00:30:42.939
 I know

00:30:42.939 --> 00:30:43.619
 the IPC

00:30:43.619 --> 00:30:44.119
 are thinking

00:30:44.119 --> 00:30:45.579
 about office

00:30:45.579 --> 00:30:46.039
 bearing

00:30:46.039 --> 00:30:46.599
 and about

00:30:46.599 --> 00:30:47.220
 confessional

00:30:47.220 --> 00:30:47.679
 issues

00:30:47.679 --> 00:30:49.220
 if you're

00:30:49.220 --> 00:30:49.459
 interested

00:30:49.459 --> 00:30:50.019
 I can send

00:30:50.019 --> 00:30:50.279
 you some

00:30:50.279 --> 00:30:50.439
 of the

00:30:50.439 --> 00:30:50.720
 Warfield

00:30:50.720 --> 00:30:51.159
 articles

00:30:51.159 --> 00:30:51.619
 that aren't

00:30:51.619 --> 00:30:52.319
 readily available

00:30:52.319 --> 00:30:52.799
 I've got them

00:30:52.799 --> 00:30:53.819
 on a CD-ROM

00:30:53.819 --> 00:30:54.819
 back home

00:30:54.819 --> 00:30:56.419
 Warfield's got

00:30:56.419 --> 00:30:56.859
 some interesting

00:30:56.859 --> 00:30:57.680
 stuff to say

00:30:57.680 --> 00:30:59.240
 he's a thoughtful

00:30:59.240 --> 00:31:00.299
 engager on this

00:31:00.299 --> 00:31:00.599
 issue

00:31:00.599 --> 00:31:02.480
 I want to give

00:31:02.480 --> 00:31:03.379
 you here a

00:31:03.379 --> 00:31:04.119
 quotation from

00:31:04.119 --> 00:31:04.740
 his first

00:31:04.740 --> 00:31:06.059
 inaugural address

00:31:06.059 --> 00:31:06.899
 when he was

00:31:06.899 --> 00:31:07.680
 inaugurated as

00:31:07.680 --> 00:31:08.159
 a professor

00:31:08.159 --> 00:31:08.879
 at Western

00:31:08.879 --> 00:31:09.759
 Theological

00:31:09.759 --> 00:31:10.319
 Seminary

00:31:10.319 --> 00:31:12.159
 he says this

00:31:12.159 --> 00:31:14.559
 about

00:31:14.559 --> 00:31:15.619
 signing up

00:31:15.619 --> 00:31:15.799
 to the

00:31:15.799 --> 00:31:16.139
 Westminster

00:31:16.139 --> 00:31:16.619
 Standards

00:31:16.619 --> 00:31:16.720
!

00:31:17.339 --> 00:31:18.000
 I wish to

00:31:18.000 --> 00:31:18.639
 declare that

00:31:18.639 --> 00:31:19.180
 I sign

00:31:19.180 --> 00:31:19.859
 these standards

00:31:19.859 --> 00:31:20.220
 I'm going to be

00:31:20.220 --> 00:31:20.799
 saying this in

00:31:20.799 --> 00:31:21.079
 public

00:31:21.079 --> 00:31:21.759
 I wish to

00:31:21.759 --> 00:31:22.099
 declare that

00:31:22.099 --> 00:31:22.460
 I sign

00:31:22.460 --> 00:31:23.059
 these standards

00:31:23.059 --> 00:31:23.899
 not as a

00:31:23.899 --> 00:31:24.899
 necessary form

00:31:24.899 --> 00:31:25.579
 which must

00:31:25.579 --> 00:31:26.179
 be submitted

00:31:26.179 --> 00:31:26.559
 to

00:31:26.559 --> 00:31:28.399
 but gladly

00:31:28.399 --> 00:31:29.259
 and willingly

00:31:29.259 --> 00:31:30.240
 as the

00:31:30.240 --> 00:31:30.919
 expression of

00:31:30.919 --> 00:31:31.519
 a personal

00:31:31.519 --> 00:31:32.579
 and cherished

00:31:32.579 --> 00:31:33.119
 conviction

00:31:33.119 --> 00:31:35.139
 and further

00:31:35.139 --> 00:31:35.559
 that the

00:31:35.559 --> 00:31:36.319
 system taught

00:31:36.319 --> 00:31:36.679
 in these

00:31:36.679 --> 00:31:37.119
 symbols

00:31:37.119 --> 00:31:37.960
 is the

00:31:37.960 --> 00:31:38.539
 system which

00:31:38.539 --> 00:31:38.839
 will be

00:31:38.839 --> 00:31:39.379
 drawn out

00:31:39.379 --> 00:31:39.639
 of the

00:31:39.639 --> 00:31:40.000
 scriptures

00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:40.960
 in the

00:31:40.960 --> 00:31:41.419
 prosecution

00:31:41.419 --> 00:31:41.919
 of the

00:31:41.919 --> 00:31:42.299
 teaching

00:31:42.299 --> 00:31:42.899
 to which

00:31:42.899 --> 00:31:43.119
 you have

00:31:43.119 --> 00:31:43.379
 called

00:31:43.379 --> 00:31:43.619
 me

00:31:43.619 --> 00:31:44.679
 not

00:31:44.679 --> 00:31:45.079
 indeed

00:31:45.079 --> 00:31:45.439
 because

00:31:45.439 --> 00:31:45.919
 commencing

00:31:45.919 --> 00:31:46.379
 with the

00:31:46.379 --> 00:31:46.899
 system

00:31:46.899 --> 00:31:47.819
 the

00:31:47.819 --> 00:31:48.259
 scriptures

00:31:48.259 --> 00:31:48.699
 can be

00:31:48.699 --> 00:31:49.039
 made

00:31:49.039 --> 00:31:49.619
 to teach

00:31:49.619 --> 00:31:49.919
 it

00:31:49.920 --> 00:31:51.000
 but

00:31:51.000 --> 00:31:51.279
 because

00:31:51.279 --> 00:31:51.720
 commencing

00:31:51.720 --> 00:31:52.120
 with the

00:31:52.120 --> 00:31:52.539
 scriptures

00:31:52.539 --> 00:31:53.840
 I cannot

00:31:53.840 --> 00:31:54.279
 make them

00:31:54.279 --> 00:31:54.660
 teach

00:31:54.660 --> 00:31:55.340
 anything

00:31:55.340 --> 00:31:55.940
 else

00:31:55.940 --> 00:31:57.259
 it's a

00:31:57.259 --> 00:31:57.600
 powerful

00:31:57.600 --> 00:31:57.980
 statement

00:31:57.980 --> 00:31:58.600
 and it's

00:31:58.600 --> 00:31:59.000
 worth

00:31:59.000 --> 00:32:00.140
 pondering

00:32:00.140 --> 00:32:00.580
 because

00:32:00.580 --> 00:32:01.700
 behind that

00:32:01.700 --> 00:32:02.180
 statement

00:32:02.180 --> 00:32:02.820
 lies

00:32:02.820 --> 00:32:04.880
 a subscription

00:32:04.880 --> 00:32:05.400
 issue

00:32:05.400 --> 00:32:05.900
 that I think

00:32:05.900 --> 00:32:06.539
 is incredibly

00:32:06.539 --> 00:32:07.380
 hard to get

00:32:07.380 --> 00:32:07.640
 at

00:32:07.640 --> 00:32:08.060
 but is

00:32:08.060 --> 00:32:08.560
 vitally

00:32:08.560 --> 00:32:09.080
 important

00:32:09.080 --> 00:32:10.820
 I think

00:32:10.820 --> 00:32:11.240
 that one

00:32:11.240 --> 00:32:11.600
 can

00:32:11.600 --> 00:32:13.600
 Westminster

00:32:13.600 --> 00:32:14.259
 the language

00:32:14.259 --> 00:32:15.180
 is when we

00:32:15.180 --> 00:32:15.800
 subscribe to

00:32:15.800 --> 00:32:16.160
 the standards

00:32:16.160 --> 00:32:16.580
 we have to

00:32:16.580 --> 00:32:17.060
 subscribe

00:32:17.060 --> 00:32:17.880
 ex animo

00:32:17.880 --> 00:32:18.280
 from the

00:32:18.280 --> 00:32:18.580
 bottom

00:32:18.580 --> 00:32:18.960
 of our

00:32:18.960 --> 00:32:19.280
 hearts

00:32:19.280 --> 00:32:19.480
 with

00:32:19.480 --> 00:32:20.160
 absolute

00:32:20.160 --> 00:32:20.960
 sincerity

00:32:20.960 --> 00:32:21.940
 if you

00:32:21.940 --> 00:32:22.280
 like

00:32:22.280 --> 00:32:24.040
 and that's

00:32:24.040 --> 00:32:24.540
 often the

00:32:24.540 --> 00:32:24.920
 key

00:32:24.920 --> 00:32:26.380
 I think

00:32:26.380 --> 00:32:26.580
 there are

00:32:26.580 --> 00:32:27.040
 those who

00:32:27.040 --> 00:32:27.400
 honestly

00:32:27.400 --> 00:32:28.200
 subscribe to

00:32:28.200 --> 00:32:28.640
 the confession

00:32:28.640 --> 00:32:29.080
 and there are

00:32:29.080 --> 00:32:29.500
 two ways

00:32:29.500 --> 00:32:30.420
 of doing it

00:32:30.420 --> 00:32:30.720
 they're both

00:32:30.720 --> 00:32:31.060
 honest

00:32:31.060 --> 00:32:31.600
 subscription

00:32:31.600 --> 00:32:32.100
 but the

00:32:32.100 --> 00:32:32.500
 attitude

00:32:32.500 --> 00:32:33.040
 makes all

00:32:33.040 --> 00:32:33.620
 the difference

00:32:33.620 --> 00:32:34.360
 I think

00:32:34.360 --> 00:32:34.540
 there are

00:32:34.540 --> 00:32:34.900
 those who

00:32:34.900 --> 00:32:35.900
 subscribe to

00:32:35.900 --> 00:32:36.680
 confessions

00:32:36.680 --> 00:32:37.240
 and say

00:32:37.240 --> 00:32:38.560
 this is what

00:32:38.560 --> 00:32:39.040
 I believe

00:32:39.040 --> 00:32:39.520
 this is where

00:32:39.520 --> 00:32:39.880
 I want to

00:32:39.880 --> 00:32:40.260
 stand

00:32:40.260 --> 00:32:41.900
 this represents

00:32:41.900 --> 00:32:42.780
 who I am

00:32:42.780 --> 00:32:43.200
 and what I

00:32:43.200 --> 00:32:43.780
 stand for

00:32:43.780 --> 00:32:44.680
 and there are

00:32:44.680 --> 00:32:45.080
 those who

00:32:45.080 --> 00:32:45.880
 sign believing

00:32:45.880 --> 00:32:46.580
 everything that's

00:32:46.580 --> 00:32:46.780
 in the

00:32:46.780 --> 00:32:47.180
 confession

00:32:47.180 --> 00:32:47.860
 and standards

00:32:47.860 --> 00:32:48.759
 but the

00:32:48.759 --> 00:32:49.480
 underlying is

00:32:49.480 --> 00:32:50.420
 okay now I've

00:32:50.420 --> 00:32:50.860
 signed up

00:32:50.860 --> 00:32:51.440
 what can I

00:32:51.440 --> 00:32:51.940
 get away

00:32:51.940 --> 00:32:52.320
 with

00:32:52.320 --> 00:32:54.180
 and I

00:32:54.180 --> 00:32:54.680
 would say

00:32:54.680 --> 00:32:55.299
 that I

00:32:55.299 --> 00:32:55.840
 would not

00:32:55.840 --> 00:32:56.360
 want to say

00:32:56.360 --> 00:32:56.940
 that either

00:32:56.940 --> 00:32:57.920
 group don't

00:32:57.920 --> 00:32:59.060
 sign sincerely

00:32:59.060 --> 00:32:59.900
 and they

00:32:59.900 --> 00:33:01.039
 genuinely believe

00:33:01.039 --> 00:33:02.080
 everything that's

00:33:02.080 --> 00:33:02.779
 in the standards

00:33:02.779 --> 00:33:04.400
 but the difference

00:33:04.400 --> 00:33:04.880
 in attitude

00:33:04.880 --> 00:33:05.840
 is a huge one

00:33:05.840 --> 00:33:07.240
 do the standards

00:33:07.240 --> 00:33:08.720
 represent where

00:33:08.720 --> 00:33:09.160
 you want to

00:33:09.160 --> 00:33:09.660
 stand

00:33:09.660 --> 00:33:10.519
 what you stand

00:33:10.519 --> 00:33:10.840
 for

00:33:10.840 --> 00:33:11.580
 or do they

00:33:11.580 --> 00:33:11.960
 represent

00:33:11.960 --> 00:33:12.500
 yeah I

00:33:12.500 --> 00:33:13.039
 believe them

00:33:13.039 --> 00:33:14.160
 let me take

00:33:14.160 --> 00:33:14.759
 my vow

00:33:14.759 --> 00:33:15.320
 and now

00:33:15.320 --> 00:33:16.480
 what room

00:33:16.480 --> 00:33:17.140
 for maneuver

00:33:17.140 --> 00:33:17.599
 do I

00:33:17.599 --> 00:33:18.079
 have

00:33:18.079 --> 00:33:19.559
 that second

00:33:19.559 --> 00:33:19.960
 attitude

00:33:19.960 --> 00:33:20.799
 over time

00:33:20.799 --> 00:33:21.460
 is lethal

00:33:21.460 --> 00:33:22.140
 I think

00:33:22.140 --> 00:33:23.400
 to confessional

00:33:23.400 --> 00:33:23.980
 subscription

00:33:23.980 --> 00:33:25.319
 and that statement

00:33:25.319 --> 00:33:25.839
 of Warfield

00:33:25.839 --> 00:33:26.259
 I think

00:33:26.259 --> 00:33:27.259
 captures

00:33:27.259 --> 00:33:28.559
 beautifully

00:33:28.559 --> 00:33:29.680
 what should be

00:33:29.680 --> 00:33:30.279
 one's attitude

00:33:30.279 --> 00:33:31.160
 in subscribing

00:33:31.160 --> 00:33:32.339
 and

00:33:32.339 --> 00:33:34.779
 if you can't

00:33:34.779 --> 00:33:35.240
 subscribe

00:33:35.240 --> 00:33:35.960
 in that sense

00:33:35.960 --> 00:33:36.460
 that's not a

00:33:36.460 --> 00:33:36.819
 problem

00:33:36.819 --> 00:33:38.180
 there are other

00:33:38.180 --> 00:33:39.099
 denominations

00:33:39.099 --> 00:33:40.200
 where you can

00:33:40.200 --> 00:33:40.700
 serve as a

00:33:40.700 --> 00:33:41.000
 minister

00:33:41.000 --> 00:33:41.599
 nobody's going

00:33:41.599 --> 00:33:42.000
 to put you

00:33:42.000 --> 00:33:42.460
 in prison

00:33:42.460 --> 00:33:42.980
 because you

00:33:42.980 --> 00:33:43.700
 can't sign

00:33:43.700 --> 00:33:44.220
 nobody's going

00:33:44.220 --> 00:33:44.460
 to say

00:33:44.460 --> 00:33:45.000
 you're not

00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:45.480
 a Christian

00:33:45.480 --> 00:33:45.960
 because you

00:33:45.960 --> 00:33:46.480
 can't sign

00:33:46.480 --> 00:33:47.100
 up like that

00:33:47.100 --> 00:33:47.920
 nobody's going

00:33:47.920 --> 00:33:48.160
 to say

00:33:48.160 --> 00:33:48.660
 you can't

00:33:48.660 --> 00:33:49.279
 do ministry

00:33:49.279 --> 00:33:50.380
 in the absolute

00:33:50.380 --> 00:33:50.740
 sense

00:33:50.740 --> 00:33:51.160
 because you

00:33:51.160 --> 00:33:51.720
 can't sign

00:33:51.720 --> 00:33:51.940
 up

00:33:51.940 --> 00:33:53.900
 but you

00:33:53.900 --> 00:33:54.160
 couldn't be

00:33:54.160 --> 00:33:55.000
 a minister

00:33:55.000 --> 00:33:55.880
 in the OPC

00:33:55.880 --> 00:33:57.000
 for example

00:33:57.000 --> 00:33:58.200
 unless

00:33:58.200 --> 00:33:59.140
 that's your

00:33:59.140 --> 00:33:59.680
 attitude

00:33:59.680 --> 00:34:00.559
 and I think

00:34:00.559 --> 00:34:01.279
 that's important

00:34:01.279 --> 00:34:01.759
 to grasp

00:34:01.759 --> 00:34:02.259
 and those of you

00:34:02.259 --> 00:34:02.759
 who sit on

00:34:02.759 --> 00:34:04.059
 whatever the IPC

00:34:04.059 --> 00:34:04.680
 equivalence of

00:34:04.680 --> 00:34:05.740
 Canada's credentials

00:34:05.740 --> 00:34:06.299
 of training the

00:34:06.299 --> 00:34:06.900
 ministry committee

00:34:06.900 --> 00:34:07.140
 is

00:34:07.140 --> 00:34:08.420
 that's the kind

00:34:08.420 --> 00:34:09.000
 of question

00:34:09.000 --> 00:34:10.380
 you have to ask

00:34:10.380 --> 00:34:10.880
 John have you

00:34:10.880 --> 00:34:11.139
 done your

00:34:11.139 --> 00:34:11.260
 exam

00:34:11.260 --> 00:34:11.820
 John here

00:34:11.820 --> 00:34:12.380
 have you done

00:34:12.380 --> 00:34:12.820
 your exam

00:34:12.820 --> 00:34:14.220
 oh well

00:34:14.220 --> 00:34:14.800
 do you see

00:34:14.800 --> 00:34:15.039
 they're going

00:34:15.039 --> 00:34:15.360
 to change

00:34:15.360 --> 00:34:15.820
 the exam

00:34:15.820 --> 00:34:16.200
 before you

00:34:16.200 --> 00:34:16.640
 come in

00:34:16.640 --> 00:34:17.740
 so I'm

00:34:17.740 --> 00:34:18.080
 thinking about

00:34:18.080 --> 00:34:18.420
 your answer

00:34:18.420 --> 00:34:19.080
 to that one

00:34:19.080 --> 00:34:21.000
 yeah

00:34:21.000 --> 00:34:22.240
 well I would

00:34:22.240 --> 00:34:22.559
 say you know

00:34:22.559 --> 00:34:23.120
 think about it

00:34:23.120 --> 00:34:24.480
 for 72 hours

00:34:24.480 --> 00:34:25.160
 or so guys

00:34:25.160 --> 00:34:25.600
 before you

00:34:25.600 --> 00:34:26.100
 change the

00:34:26.100 --> 00:34:26.620
 way he

00:34:26.620 --> 00:34:27.240
 did it

00:34:27.240 --> 00:34:28.539
 so

00:34:28.539 --> 00:34:29.960
 Warfield

00:34:29.960 --> 00:34:30.640
 opposed

00:34:30.640 --> 00:34:32.180
 the movements

00:34:32.180 --> 00:34:32.600
 of the late

00:34:32.600 --> 00:34:33.340
 1880s and

00:34:33.340 --> 00:34:34.240
 the early 1890s

00:34:34.240 --> 00:34:34.720
 for revision

00:34:34.720 --> 00:34:36.480
 it's important

00:34:36.480 --> 00:34:36.960
 to note

00:34:36.960 --> 00:34:37.300
 that he was

00:34:37.300 --> 00:34:37.940
 not against

00:34:37.940 --> 00:34:38.500
 revision

00:34:38.500 --> 00:34:39.920
 if you're

00:34:39.920 --> 00:34:40.820
 truly confessional

00:34:40.820 --> 00:34:41.400
 you cannot

00:34:41.400 --> 00:34:42.000
 be opposed

00:34:42.000 --> 00:34:42.539
 to revision

00:34:42.539 --> 00:34:43.460
 because

00:34:43.460 --> 00:34:44.019
 Western's

00:34:44.019 --> 00:34:44.460
 Confession

00:34:44.460 --> 00:34:45.279
 chapter 1

00:34:45.279 --> 00:34:45.719
 makes it

00:34:45.719 --> 00:34:46.219
 absolutely

00:34:46.219 --> 00:34:46.659
 clear

00:34:46.659 --> 00:34:47.079
 the

00:34:47.079 --> 00:34:47.500
 confession

00:34:47.500 --> 00:34:47.699
 is

00:34:47.699 --> 00:34:48.039
 subordinate

00:34:48.039 --> 00:34:48.639
 to scripture

00:34:48.639 --> 00:34:49.900
 you have

00:34:49.900 --> 00:34:50.340
 to be

00:34:50.340 --> 00:34:51.179
 in favour

00:34:51.179 --> 00:34:51.460
 of the

00:34:51.460 --> 00:34:51.900
 principle

00:34:51.900 --> 00:34:52.440
 of revision

00:34:52.440 --> 00:34:54.320
 the questions

00:34:54.320 --> 00:34:54.719
 are

00:34:54.719 --> 00:34:56.139
 how and when

00:34:56.139 --> 00:34:56.920
 and who

00:34:56.920 --> 00:34:57.500
 by whom

00:34:57.500 --> 00:34:58.360
 such revision

00:34:58.360 --> 00:34:59.440
 is done

00:34:59.440 --> 00:35:01.440
 Warfield saw

00:35:01.440 --> 00:35:02.059
 very clearly

00:35:02.059 --> 00:35:02.400
 that the

00:35:02.400 --> 00:35:02.880
 proposed

00:35:02.880 --> 00:35:03.480
 revisions

00:35:03.480 --> 00:35:04.340
 and the

00:35:04.340 --> 00:35:04.940
 motivation

00:35:04.940 --> 00:35:05.860
 for the

00:35:05.860 --> 00:35:06.300
 revisions

00:35:06.300 --> 00:35:07.699
 seem to

00:35:07.699 --> 00:35:08.179
 involve a

00:35:08.179 --> 00:35:08.579
 weakening

00:35:08.579 --> 00:35:09.320
 of theology

00:35:09.320 --> 00:35:10.480
 and of the

00:35:10.480 --> 00:35:10.980
 terms of

00:35:10.980 --> 00:35:11.519
 subscription

00:35:11.519 --> 00:35:12.519
 it's interesting

00:35:12.519 --> 00:35:12.880
 to me that you

00:35:12.880 --> 00:35:13.239
 have almost

00:35:13.239 --> 00:35:13.780
 exactly the

00:35:13.780 --> 00:35:14.159
 same thing

00:35:14.159 --> 00:35:14.719
 going on in

00:35:14.719 --> 00:35:15.039
 Scotland

00:35:15.039 --> 00:35:15.440
 with the

00:35:15.440 --> 00:35:16.000
 declaratory

00:35:16.000 --> 00:35:16.500
 acts

00:35:16.500 --> 00:35:17.280
 and of course

00:35:17.280 --> 00:35:17.800
 the birth of

00:35:17.800 --> 00:35:18.099
 the Free

00:35:18.099 --> 00:35:18.719
 Presbyterian

00:35:18.719 --> 00:35:18.960
 Church

00:35:18.960 --> 00:35:19.420
 and the Free

00:35:19.420 --> 00:35:19.780
 Church of

00:35:19.780 --> 00:35:20.079
 Scotland

00:35:20.079 --> 00:35:20.900
 at this

00:35:20.900 --> 00:35:21.199
 point

00:35:21.199 --> 00:35:23.380
 it's interesting

00:35:23.380 --> 00:35:23.880
 how church

00:35:23.880 --> 00:35:24.440
 history across

00:35:24.440 --> 00:35:25.079
 denominations

00:35:25.079 --> 00:35:25.739
 events often

00:35:25.739 --> 00:35:26.380
 seem to happen

00:35:26.380 --> 00:35:27.300
 almost simultaneously

00:35:27.300 --> 00:35:28.559
 1830s and

00:35:28.559 --> 00:35:29.079
 40s

00:35:29.079 --> 00:35:30.739
 is there a

00:35:30.739 --> 00:35:31.739
 main established

00:35:31.739 --> 00:35:32.559
 denomination in

00:35:32.559 --> 00:35:33.280
 Europe that

00:35:33.280 --> 00:35:34.079
 doesn't split

00:35:34.079 --> 00:35:36.199
 Cardinal Newman

00:35:36.199 --> 00:35:37.039
 converts to

00:35:37.039 --> 00:35:37.320
 Rome

00:35:37.320 --> 00:35:38.519
 1845

00:35:38.519 --> 00:35:39.460
 and you have

00:35:39.460 --> 00:35:40.360
 the decade

00:35:40.360 --> 00:35:40.760
 the 15

00:35:40.760 --> 00:35:41.019
 years of

00:35:41.019 --> 00:35:41.260
 Oxford

00:35:41.260 --> 00:35:41.680
 movement

00:35:41.680 --> 00:35:42.240
 before that

00:35:42.240 --> 00:35:43.140
 destruction

00:35:43.140 --> 00:35:44.160
 1843

00:35:44.160 --> 00:35:45.480
 1834

00:35:45.480 --> 00:35:45.900
 you have a

00:35:45.900 --> 00:35:46.360
 split in

00:35:46.360 --> 00:35:46.720
 the Dutch

00:35:46.720 --> 00:35:47.120
 Reformed

00:35:47.120 --> 00:35:47.600
 Church

00:35:47.600 --> 00:35:48.900
 it's interesting

00:35:48.900 --> 00:35:49.740
 how often

00:35:49.740 --> 00:35:51.680
 events in

00:35:51.680 --> 00:35:52.480
 one denomination

00:35:52.480 --> 00:35:53.800
 are mirrored by

00:35:53.800 --> 00:35:54.360
 events in another

00:35:54.360 --> 00:35:54.720
 round at the

00:35:54.720 --> 00:35:55.059
 same time

00:35:55.059 --> 00:35:55.660
 indicating I

00:35:55.660 --> 00:35:55.920
 think there are

00:35:55.920 --> 00:35:56.980
 often powerful

00:35:56.980 --> 00:35:57.640
 social and

00:35:57.640 --> 00:35:58.400
 cultural reasons

00:35:58.400 --> 00:35:59.080
 for these

00:35:59.080 --> 00:36:00.580
 tensions emerging

00:36:00.580 --> 00:36:01.400
 as well

00:36:01.400 --> 00:36:02.840
 clearly Irish

00:36:02.840 --> 00:36:03.780
 immigration into

00:36:03.780 --> 00:36:04.559
 England during

00:36:04.559 --> 00:36:05.740
 the 1820s

00:36:05.740 --> 00:36:06.340
 1830s

00:36:06.340 --> 00:36:07.180
 1840s

00:36:07.180 --> 00:36:08.200
 the Reform

00:36:08.200 --> 00:36:08.440
 Act

00:36:08.440 --> 00:36:08.880
 these things

00:36:08.880 --> 00:36:09.140
 are very

00:36:09.140 --> 00:36:09.800
 powerful

00:36:09.800 --> 00:36:11.240
 it has a

00:36:11.240 --> 00:36:11.820
 powerful impact

00:36:11.820 --> 00:36:12.140
 on the

00:36:12.140 --> 00:36:12.480
 established

00:36:12.480 --> 00:36:12.680
 it

00:36:12.680 --> 00:36:13.340
 put tensions

00:36:13.340 --> 00:36:14.900
 on churches

00:36:14.900 --> 00:36:15.600
 and it's

00:36:15.600 --> 00:36:15.980
 interesting

00:36:15.980 --> 00:36:16.539
 confessional

00:36:16.539 --> 00:36:16.960
 revision

00:36:16.960 --> 00:36:18.160
 1880s and

00:36:18.160 --> 00:36:18.920
 1890s

00:36:18.920 --> 00:36:19.420
 it's there in

00:36:19.420 --> 00:36:19.760
 Scotland

00:36:19.760 --> 00:36:20.760
 it's there in

00:36:20.760 --> 00:36:21.140
 England

00:36:21.140 --> 00:36:22.620
 Warfield says

00:36:22.620 --> 00:36:22.820
 this

00:36:22.820 --> 00:36:23.519
 the chief reason

00:36:23.519 --> 00:36:23.900
 why I'm

00:36:23.900 --> 00:36:24.559
 personally opposed

00:36:24.559 --> 00:36:24.940
 to revision

00:36:24.940 --> 00:36:25.220
 of the

00:36:25.220 --> 00:36:25.700
 confession

00:36:25.700 --> 00:36:26.500
 of faith

00:36:26.500 --> 00:36:27.039
 is because I

00:36:27.039 --> 00:36:27.460
 believe it's

00:36:27.460 --> 00:36:28.059
 doctrine to be

00:36:28.059 --> 00:36:28.620
 the truth of

00:36:28.620 --> 00:36:28.940
 God

00:36:28.940 --> 00:36:30.000
 and because I

00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:30.340
 believe it's

00:36:30.340 --> 00:36:30.980
 formal statements

00:36:30.980 --> 00:36:31.640
 about doctrine

00:36:31.640 --> 00:36:32.460
 to be at once

00:36:32.460 --> 00:36:33.220
 exact and

00:36:33.220 --> 00:36:33.680
 Catholic

00:36:33.680 --> 00:36:34.800
 broad enough to

00:36:34.800 --> 00:36:35.579
 include all

00:36:35.579 --> 00:36:35.980
 sadly

00:36:35.980 --> 00:36:36.519
 Calvinistic

00:36:36.519 --> 00:36:36.920
 thinking

00:36:36.920 --> 00:36:38.079
 and precise

00:36:38.079 --> 00:36:38.460
 enough to

00:36:38.460 --> 00:36:39.059
 exclude all

00:36:39.059 --> 00:36:39.699
 tampering with

00:36:39.699 --> 00:36:40.179
 Calvinistic

00:36:40.179 --> 00:36:40.619
 truth

00:36:40.619 --> 00:36:41.900
 I'm confirmed

00:36:41.900 --> 00:36:42.599
 in my conviction

00:36:42.599 --> 00:36:43.280
 that the

00:36:43.280 --> 00:36:43.719
 confession

00:36:43.719 --> 00:36:44.599
 closed the

00:36:44.599 --> 00:36:45.199
 true doctrine

00:36:45.199 --> 00:36:45.880
 in admirably

00:36:45.880 --> 00:36:46.740
 chosen language

00:36:46.740 --> 00:36:47.360
 by the

00:36:47.360 --> 00:36:47.820
 straits and

00:36:47.820 --> 00:36:48.539
 inconsistencies

00:36:48.539 --> 00:36:49.960
 to which

00:36:49.960 --> 00:36:50.340
 those are

00:36:50.340 --> 00:36:50.619
 driven

00:36:50.619 --> 00:36:51.179
 who are

00:36:51.179 --> 00:36:51.539
 trying to

00:36:51.539 --> 00:36:51.880
 point out

00:36:51.880 --> 00:36:52.300
 passages

00:36:52.300 --> 00:36:53.019
 in it

00:36:53.019 --> 00:36:53.539
 which need

00:36:53.539 --> 00:36:54.360
 revision

00:36:54.360 --> 00:36:55.860
 so Warfield

00:36:55.860 --> 00:36:56.200
 then

00:36:56.200 --> 00:36:57.260
 opposed to

00:36:57.260 --> 00:36:57.559
 what he

00:36:57.559 --> 00:36:57.940
 saw as

00:36:57.940 --> 00:36:58.039
 the

00:36:58.039 --> 00:36:58.500
 underlying

00:36:58.500 --> 00:36:59.059
 agenda

00:36:59.059 --> 00:36:59.880
 and that's

00:36:59.880 --> 00:37:00.079
 why I

00:37:00.079 --> 00:37:00.340
 say the

00:37:00.340 --> 00:37:00.760
 key to

00:37:00.760 --> 00:37:01.280
 confessional

00:37:01.280 --> 00:37:01.660
 revision

00:37:01.660 --> 00:37:02.500
 has to

00:37:02.500 --> 00:37:02.700
 be

00:37:02.700 --> 00:37:03.220
 who's it

00:37:03.220 --> 00:37:03.700
 done by

00:37:03.700 --> 00:37:04.480
 and what's

00:37:04.480 --> 00:37:05.059
 the process

00:37:05.059 --> 00:37:05.860
 for doing

00:37:05.860 --> 00:37:06.140
 it

00:37:06.140 --> 00:37:07.180
 the editor

00:37:07.180 --> 00:37:07.820
 revised the

00:37:07.820 --> 00:37:08.240
 confession

00:37:08.240 --> 00:37:08.720
 than to have

00:37:08.720 --> 00:37:09.220
 people crossing

00:37:09.220 --> 00:37:09.840
 their fingers

00:37:09.840 --> 00:37:10.360
 of course

00:37:10.360 --> 00:37:11.500
 that is

00:37:11.500 --> 00:37:12.360
 even more

00:37:12.360 --> 00:37:13.200
 problematic

00:37:13.200 --> 00:37:15.840
 fourth area

00:37:15.840 --> 00:37:17.059
 which Warfield

00:37:17.059 --> 00:37:17.539
 made great

00:37:17.539 --> 00:37:18.240
 contributions

00:37:18.240 --> 00:37:18.980
 and where

00:37:18.980 --> 00:37:19.680
 he's comparatively

00:37:19.680 --> 00:37:20.220
 neglected

00:37:20.219 --> 00:37:22.179
 is the

00:37:22.179 --> 00:37:22.659
 articles he

00:37:22.659 --> 00:37:22.959
 wrote for

00:37:22.959 --> 00:37:23.619
 various dictionaries

00:37:23.619 --> 00:37:23.919
 on the

00:37:23.919 --> 00:37:24.480
 definition of

00:37:24.480 --> 00:37:25.279
 biblical terms

00:37:25.279 --> 00:37:26.219
 I remember

00:37:26.219 --> 00:37:26.480
 when I was

00:37:26.480 --> 00:37:27.239
 teaching in

00:37:27.239 --> 00:37:28.119
 Aberdeen

00:37:28.119 --> 00:37:29.079
 and asked

00:37:29.079 --> 00:37:29.959
 Professor Howard

00:37:29.959 --> 00:37:30.459
 Marshall what

00:37:30.459 --> 00:37:30.819
 he thought of

00:37:30.819 --> 00:37:31.199
 Warfield

00:37:31.199 --> 00:37:31.559
 he said

00:37:31.559 --> 00:37:32.099
 oh nonsense

00:37:32.099 --> 00:37:32.779
 on scripture

00:37:32.779 --> 00:37:33.779
 but he wrote

00:37:33.779 --> 00:37:34.779
 brilliant essays

00:37:34.779 --> 00:37:35.779
 on the

00:37:35.779 --> 00:37:36.480
 definitions of

00:37:36.480 --> 00:37:37.139
 biblical terms

00:37:37.139 --> 00:37:37.480
 I thought it

00:37:37.480 --> 00:37:37.959
 was interesting

00:37:37.959 --> 00:37:39.079
 that Howard

00:37:39.079 --> 00:37:39.519
 Marshall was

00:37:39.519 --> 00:37:39.839
 not somebody

00:37:39.839 --> 00:37:40.559
 sympathetic to

00:37:40.559 --> 00:37:41.039
 Warfield's

00:37:41.039 --> 00:37:41.579
 doctrine as a

00:37:41.579 --> 00:37:41.939
 whole

00:37:41.939 --> 00:37:43.519
 but he saw

00:37:43.519 --> 00:37:45.059
 the brilliance

00:37:45.059 --> 00:37:45.480
 of the man

00:37:45.480 --> 00:37:46.000
 when it came

00:37:46.000 --> 00:37:47.079
 to biblical

00:37:47.079 --> 00:37:47.739
 definitions

00:37:47.739 --> 00:37:48.899
 he mentioned

00:37:48.899 --> 00:37:49.299
 his essay

00:37:49.299 --> 00:37:49.500
 on the

00:37:49.500 --> 00:37:50.019
 emotional life

00:37:50.019 --> 00:37:50.420
 of Christ

00:37:50.420 --> 00:37:50.920
 and finally

00:37:50.920 --> 00:37:51.400
 I think

00:37:51.400 --> 00:37:52.039
 his book

00:37:52.039 --> 00:37:52.659
 reviews

00:37:52.659 --> 00:37:54.019
 are well

00:37:54.019 --> 00:37:54.639
 worth looking

00:37:54.639 --> 00:37:55.719
 at as well

00:37:55.719 --> 00:37:56.280
 what time

00:37:56.280 --> 00:37:56.599
 am I meant

00:37:56.599 --> 00:37:57.079
 to wrap

00:37:57.079 --> 00:37:57.780
 up Paul

00:37:57.780 --> 00:37:59.420
 you want me

00:37:59.420 --> 00:37:59.699
 to bring

00:37:59.699 --> 00:37:59.980
 this to a

00:37:59.980 --> 00:38:00.440
 close in

00:38:00.440 --> 00:38:00.900
 five minutes

00:38:00.900 --> 00:38:01.239
 okay

00:38:01.239 --> 00:38:02.039
 his book

00:38:02.039 --> 00:38:02.500
 reviews

00:38:02.500 --> 00:38:04.940
 one of the

00:38:04.940 --> 00:38:05.300
 things he

00:38:05.300 --> 00:38:05.780
 does very

00:38:05.780 --> 00:38:06.440
 well is

00:38:06.440 --> 00:38:07.039
 book reviews

00:38:07.039 --> 00:38:07.639
 of German

00:38:07.639 --> 00:38:08.239
 and American

00:38:08.239 --> 00:38:08.759
 liberal

00:38:08.759 --> 00:38:09.480
 theologians

00:38:09.480 --> 00:38:09.719
 of the

00:38:09.719 --> 00:38:10.139
 19th

00:38:10.139 --> 00:38:10.539
 century

00:38:10.539 --> 00:38:11.780
 and draws

00:38:11.780 --> 00:38:12.360
 out very

00:38:12.360 --> 00:38:12.780
 clearly

00:38:12.780 --> 00:38:13.199
 that the

00:38:13.199 --> 00:38:13.639
 key

00:38:13.639 --> 00:38:14.980
 difference

00:38:14.980 --> 00:38:16.559
 between

00:38:16.559 --> 00:38:17.860
 orthodox

00:38:17.860 --> 00:38:18.320
 theology

00:38:18.320 --> 00:38:18.759
 and liberal

00:38:18.759 --> 00:38:19.340
 theology

00:38:19.340 --> 00:38:21.220
 lies in

00:38:21.220 --> 00:38:22.420
 well

00:38:22.420 --> 00:38:23.440
 as he sees it

00:38:23.440 --> 00:38:24.140
 liberal theology

00:38:24.140 --> 00:38:24.680
 is really

00:38:24.680 --> 00:38:25.240
 talk about

00:38:25.240 --> 00:38:26.079
 the psychological

00:38:26.079 --> 00:38:26.860
 state of

00:38:26.860 --> 00:38:27.519
 human beings

00:38:27.519 --> 00:38:28.260
 doctrine

00:38:28.260 --> 00:38:30.300
 is a

00:38:30.300 --> 00:38:31.280
 projection

00:38:31.280 --> 00:38:31.860
 or a

00:38:31.860 --> 00:38:32.380
 reflection

00:38:32.380 --> 00:38:33.800
 upon human

00:38:33.800 --> 00:38:34.800
 religious

00:38:34.800 --> 00:38:35.940
 psychology

00:38:35.940 --> 00:38:37.180
 you see that

00:38:37.180 --> 00:38:38.260
 stemming in many

00:38:38.260 --> 00:38:39.120
 ways from

00:38:39.120 --> 00:38:39.720
 Schleiermacher

00:38:39.720 --> 00:38:40.640
 it also comes

00:38:40.640 --> 00:38:41.059
 from

00:38:41.059 --> 00:38:42.000
 pietism

00:38:42.000 --> 00:38:42.440
 which of course

00:38:42.440 --> 00:38:43.079
 provides

00:38:43.079 --> 00:38:44.220
 the background

00:38:44.219 --> 00:38:44.919
 much of the

00:38:44.919 --> 00:38:45.419
 background

00:38:45.419 --> 00:38:46.679
 to Schleiermacher

00:38:46.679 --> 00:38:47.679
 as well

00:38:47.679 --> 00:38:50.239
 what it does

00:38:50.239 --> 00:38:50.539
 and what

00:38:50.539 --> 00:38:51.139
 Warfield does

00:38:51.139 --> 00:38:51.719
 so well

00:38:51.719 --> 00:38:52.779
 is bring out

00:38:52.779 --> 00:38:53.659
 that sometimes

00:38:53.659 --> 00:38:55.439
 it is not

00:38:55.439 --> 00:38:55.879
 what you

00:38:55.879 --> 00:38:56.500
 believe

00:38:56.500 --> 00:38:56.899
 that's a

00:38:56.899 --> 00:38:57.239
 significant

00:38:57.239 --> 00:38:57.679
 thing

00:38:57.679 --> 00:38:58.879
 it's what

00:38:58.879 --> 00:38:59.599
 significance

00:38:59.599 --> 00:39:00.179
 you give

00:39:00.179 --> 00:39:00.599
 to it

00:39:00.599 --> 00:39:01.719
 and this is

00:39:01.719 --> 00:39:02.159
 where I think

00:39:02.159 --> 00:39:02.719
 Warfield's

00:39:02.719 --> 00:39:03.359
 writings on

00:39:03.359 --> 00:39:03.759
 German

00:39:03.759 --> 00:39:04.439
 liberalism

00:39:04.439 --> 00:39:05.579
 can speak

00:39:05.579 --> 00:39:05.959
 to

00:39:05.959 --> 00:39:07.299
 evangelical

00:39:07.299 --> 00:39:08.359
 theology

00:39:08.359 --> 00:39:09.000
 today

00:39:09.000 --> 00:39:11.599
 you may

00:39:11.599 --> 00:39:11.880
 not be

00:39:11.880 --> 00:39:12.219
 familiar

00:39:12.219 --> 00:39:12.760
 with the

00:39:12.760 --> 00:39:13.039
 figure

00:39:13.039 --> 00:39:13.619
 is Joe

00:39:13.619 --> 00:39:14.179
 Osteen

00:39:14.179 --> 00:39:14.460
 does that

00:39:14.460 --> 00:39:14.820
 name

00:39:14.820 --> 00:39:15.199
 mean anything

00:39:15.199 --> 00:39:15.659
 to anybody

00:39:15.659 --> 00:39:15.980
 here

00:39:15.980 --> 00:39:17.619
 your best

00:39:17.619 --> 00:39:18.199
 life now

00:39:18.199 --> 00:39:18.539
 or make

00:39:18.539 --> 00:39:18.860
 everyday

00:39:18.860 --> 00:39:19.340
 Friday

00:39:19.340 --> 00:39:19.940
 or something

00:39:19.940 --> 00:39:20.639
 I make

00:39:20.639 --> 00:39:20.960
 everyday

00:39:20.960 --> 00:39:21.320
 Saturday

00:39:21.320 --> 00:39:21.739
 morning

00:39:21.739 --> 00:39:22.219
 myself

00:39:22.219 --> 00:39:24.940
 what's

00:39:24.940 --> 00:39:25.320
 interesting

00:39:25.320 --> 00:39:25.679
 about

00:39:25.679 --> 00:39:26.519
 figures

00:39:26.519 --> 00:39:27.139
 what I

00:39:27.139 --> 00:39:27.440
 would call

00:39:27.440 --> 00:39:27.760
 the sort

00:39:27.760 --> 00:39:28.159
 of self

00:39:28.159 --> 00:39:28.500
 help

00:39:28.500 --> 00:39:28.880
 figures

00:39:28.880 --> 00:39:29.079
 within

00:39:29.079 --> 00:39:30.000
 evangelicalism

00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:30.280
 is

00:39:30.280 --> 00:39:31.739
 I'm not

00:39:31.739 --> 00:39:32.039
 sure that

00:39:32.039 --> 00:39:32.239
 they're

00:39:32.239 --> 00:39:32.920
 heterodox

00:39:32.920 --> 00:39:33.800
 on one

00:39:33.800 --> 00:39:34.079
 level

00:39:34.079 --> 00:39:36.099
 the key

00:39:36.099 --> 00:39:36.500
 question

00:39:36.500 --> 00:39:37.079
 sometimes

00:39:37.079 --> 00:39:37.619
 is not

00:39:37.619 --> 00:39:38.420
 what do

00:39:38.420 --> 00:39:38.920
 you believe

00:39:38.920 --> 00:39:39.539
 if you

00:39:39.539 --> 00:39:39.760
 sat

00:39:39.760 --> 00:39:40.000
 Joel

00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:40.380
 Osteen

00:39:40.380 --> 00:39:40.639
 down

00:39:40.639 --> 00:39:40.880
 and said

00:39:40.880 --> 00:39:41.099
 do you

00:39:41.099 --> 00:39:41.320
 believe

00:39:41.320 --> 00:39:41.519
 in the

00:39:41.519 --> 00:39:41.860
 trinity

00:39:41.860 --> 00:39:42.460
 my guess

00:39:42.460 --> 00:39:42.579
 is

00:39:42.579 --> 00:39:42.800
 you'd probably

00:39:42.800 --> 00:39:43.300
 say yeah

00:39:43.300 --> 00:39:43.840
 do you believe

00:39:43.840 --> 00:39:44.380
 Jesus was

00:39:44.380 --> 00:39:44.780
 the son of

00:39:44.780 --> 00:39:45.000
 God

00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:45.380
 yeah

00:39:45.380 --> 00:39:45.900
 do you believe

00:39:45.900 --> 00:39:46.760
 Jesus was

00:39:46.760 --> 00:39:46.960
 God

00:39:46.960 --> 00:39:47.519
 manifest in

00:39:47.519 --> 00:39:47.700
 flesh

00:39:47.700 --> 00:39:48.000
 you'd probably

00:39:48.000 --> 00:39:48.680
 say yes

00:39:48.680 --> 00:39:49.760
 what Warfield

00:39:49.760 --> 00:39:50.340
 brings out

00:39:50.340 --> 00:39:50.780
 beautifully

00:39:50.780 --> 00:39:51.119
 in his

00:39:51.119 --> 00:39:51.619
 interaction

00:39:51.619 --> 00:39:52.039
 with

00:39:52.039 --> 00:39:52.760
 German

00:39:52.760 --> 00:39:53.320
 and American

00:39:53.320 --> 00:39:53.800
 liberalism

00:39:53.800 --> 00:39:53.980
 in the

00:39:53.980 --> 00:39:54.119
 late

00:39:54.119 --> 00:39:54.500
 19th

00:39:54.500 --> 00:39:54.820
 century

00:39:54.820 --> 00:39:55.220
 is

00:39:55.220 --> 00:39:56.539
 it's

00:39:56.539 --> 00:39:56.720
 what

00:39:56.720 --> 00:39:57.619
 significance

00:39:57.619 --> 00:39:58.300
 you

00:39:58.300 --> 00:39:58.860
 ascribe

00:39:58.860 --> 00:39:59.240
 to this

00:39:59.240 --> 00:39:59.539
 doctrine

00:39:59.539 --> 00:39:59.920
 what

00:39:59.920 --> 00:40:00.519
 difference

00:40:00.519 --> 00:40:00.900
 does it

00:40:00.900 --> 00:40:01.200
 make

00:40:01.200 --> 00:40:02.360
 when

00:40:02.360 --> 00:40:02.680
 Joel

00:40:02.680 --> 00:40:03.119
 Osteen

00:40:03.119 --> 00:40:03.539
 or somebody

00:40:03.539 --> 00:40:04.039
 preaches

00:40:04.039 --> 00:40:04.519
 the question

00:40:04.519 --> 00:40:04.740
 is

00:40:04.740 --> 00:40:04.760
!

00:40:08.920 --> 00:40:09.920
 is a

00:40:09.920 --> 00:40:10.440
 reality

00:40:10.440 --> 00:40:11.360
 does that

00:40:11.360 --> 00:40:11.800
 make any

00:40:11.800 --> 00:40:12.220
 difference

00:40:12.220 --> 00:40:12.659
 of what

00:40:12.659 --> 00:40:12.880
 he's

00:40:12.880 --> 00:40:13.360
 preached

00:40:13.360 --> 00:40:14.480
 that's

00:40:14.480 --> 00:40:14.579
 an

00:40:14.579 --> 00:40:14.880
 interesting

00:40:14.880 --> 00:40:15.300
 question

00:40:15.300 --> 00:40:15.680
 to ask

00:40:15.680 --> 00:40:15.860
 about

00:40:15.860 --> 00:40:16.079
 any

00:40:16.079 --> 00:40:16.400
 sermon

00:40:16.400 --> 00:40:16.880
 you hear

00:40:16.880 --> 00:40:18.480
 does

00:40:18.480 --> 00:40:19.000
 Christian

00:40:19.000 --> 00:40:19.579
 truth

00:40:19.579 --> 00:40:20.659
 make a

00:40:20.659 --> 00:40:21.000
 difference

00:40:21.000 --> 00:40:21.300
 to what

00:40:21.300 --> 00:40:21.539
 you've

00:40:21.539 --> 00:40:21.880
 heard

00:40:21.880 --> 00:40:22.980
 or does

00:40:22.980 --> 00:40:23.300
 what you

00:40:23.300 --> 00:40:23.519
 heard

00:40:23.519 --> 00:40:24.259
 assume

00:40:24.259 --> 00:40:24.920
 a generic

00:40:24.920 --> 00:40:25.320
 Christian

00:40:25.320 --> 00:40:25.579
 truth

00:40:25.579 --> 00:40:25.759
 but

00:40:25.759 --> 00:40:26.239
 really

00:40:26.239 --> 00:40:27.639
 doctrine

00:40:27.639 --> 00:40:28.440
 makes

00:40:28.440 --> 00:40:28.579
 them

00:40:28.579 --> 00:40:28.860
 in fact

00:40:28.860 --> 00:40:29.000
 it's

00:40:29.000 --> 00:40:29.659
 a great

00:40:29.659 --> 00:40:29.940
 little

00:40:29.940 --> 00:40:30.259
 book

00:40:30.259 --> 00:40:30.820
 it's

00:40:30.820 --> 00:40:31.239
 very

00:40:31.239 --> 00:40:31.739
 American

00:40:31.739 --> 00:40:32.119
 in its

00:40:32.119 --> 00:40:32.659
 orientation

00:40:32.659 --> 00:40:33.079
 but the

00:40:33.079 --> 00:40:33.440
 basic

00:40:33.440 --> 00:40:34.039
 points

00:40:34.039 --> 00:40:34.920
 I think

00:40:34.920 --> 00:40:35.860
 are quite

00:40:35.860 --> 00:40:36.239
 brilliant

00:40:36.239 --> 00:40:36.659
 and would

00:40:36.659 --> 00:40:37.320
 apply in

00:40:37.320 --> 00:40:37.579
 Britain

00:40:37.579 --> 00:40:38.259
 the same

00:40:38.259 --> 00:40:38.500
 as they

00:40:38.500 --> 00:40:38.759
 do in

00:40:38.759 --> 00:40:39.219
 the States

00:40:39.219 --> 00:40:40.380
 Christless

00:40:40.380 --> 00:40:41.000
 Christianity

00:40:41.000 --> 00:40:42.239
 by Michael

00:40:42.239 --> 00:40:42.579
 Horton

00:40:42.579 --> 00:40:43.559
 which in

00:40:43.559 --> 00:40:44.019
 some ways

00:40:44.019 --> 00:40:44.320
 I read

00:40:44.320 --> 00:40:44.480
 that

00:40:44.480 --> 00:40:45.019
 this is

00:40:45.019 --> 00:40:45.320
 a sort

00:40:45.320 --> 00:40:45.500
 of

00:40:45.500 --> 00:40:46.639
 updated

00:40:46.639 --> 00:40:47.300
 application

00:40:47.300 --> 00:40:47.639
 of what

00:40:47.639 --> 00:40:48.179
 Warfield's

00:40:48.179 --> 00:40:48.659
 doing in

00:40:48.659 --> 00:40:49.179
 the late

00:40:49.179 --> 00:40:49.639
 19th

00:40:49.639 --> 00:40:49.980
 century

00:40:49.980 --> 00:40:50.920
 the point

00:40:50.920 --> 00:40:51.300
 that Horton

00:40:51.300 --> 00:40:51.820
 makes in

00:40:51.820 --> 00:40:52.300
 that book

00:40:52.300 --> 00:40:53.179
 is not

00:40:53.179 --> 00:40:53.659
 that a lot

00:40:53.659 --> 00:40:54.079
 of modern

00:40:54.079 --> 00:40:55.059
 evangelicalism

00:40:55.059 --> 00:40:56.179
 has lost

00:40:56.179 --> 00:40:56.960
 its doctrine

00:40:56.960 --> 00:40:58.219
 it's still

00:40:58.219 --> 00:40:58.759
 on paper

00:40:58.759 --> 00:40:59.739
 pretty orthodox

00:40:59.739 --> 00:41:01.500
 but Christianity

00:41:01.500 --> 00:41:02.239
 has become

00:41:02.239 --> 00:41:02.699
 something

00:41:02.699 --> 00:41:03.799
 that helps

00:41:03.799 --> 00:41:04.059
 you

00:41:04.059 --> 00:41:05.319
 live a

00:41:05.319 --> 00:41:05.699
 fulfilled

00:41:05.699 --> 00:41:06.139
 life

00:41:06.139 --> 00:41:06.679
 do this

00:41:06.679 --> 00:41:07.059
 do that

00:41:07.059 --> 00:41:07.359
 do the

00:41:07.359 --> 00:41:07.579
 other

00:41:07.579 --> 00:41:08.579
 I'm going

00:41:08.579 --> 00:41:09.139
 to really

00:41:09.139 --> 00:41:11.099
 stick my

00:41:11.099 --> 00:41:11.460
 neck out

00:41:11.460 --> 00:41:11.679
 at this

00:41:11.679 --> 00:41:11.899
 point

00:41:11.899 --> 00:41:12.159
 but I

00:41:12.159 --> 00:41:12.579
 stuck my

00:41:12.579 --> 00:41:12.879
 neck out

00:41:12.879 --> 00:41:13.159
 on this

00:41:13.159 --> 00:41:13.559
 point

00:41:13.559 --> 00:41:13.960
 before

00:41:13.960 --> 00:41:14.519
 and the

00:41:14.519 --> 00:41:14.839
 people

00:41:14.839 --> 00:41:15.819
 who I'm

00:41:15.819 --> 00:41:16.440
 thinking of

00:41:16.440 --> 00:41:16.940
 know it

00:41:16.940 --> 00:41:17.239
 and don't

00:41:17.239 --> 00:41:17.659
 like me

00:41:17.659 --> 00:41:18.079
 for it

00:41:18.079 --> 00:41:18.940
 I get

00:41:18.940 --> 00:41:19.480
 worried

00:41:19.480 --> 00:41:20.440
 about the

00:41:20.440 --> 00:41:20.819
 massive

00:41:20.819 --> 00:41:21.460
 expansion

00:41:21.460 --> 00:41:22.059
 of Christian

00:41:22.059 --> 00:41:22.659
 counselling

00:41:22.659 --> 00:41:24.779
 because so

00:41:24.779 --> 00:41:25.339
 much of it

00:41:25.339 --> 00:41:25.639
 is

00:41:25.639 --> 00:41:26.839
 it looks

00:41:26.839 --> 00:41:27.239
 horribly

00:41:27.239 --> 00:41:27.960
 self-help

00:41:27.960 --> 00:41:28.699
 to me

00:41:28.699 --> 00:41:29.559
 and I know

00:41:29.559 --> 00:41:30.019
 that it's not

00:41:30.019 --> 00:41:30.819
 being articulated

00:41:30.819 --> 00:41:31.639
 in that way

00:41:31.639 --> 00:41:32.739
 but when the

00:41:32.739 --> 00:41:33.659
 primary concern

00:41:33.659 --> 00:41:34.239
 of the gospel

00:41:34.239 --> 00:41:35.239
 becomes putting

00:41:35.239 --> 00:41:35.739
 your marriage

00:41:35.739 --> 00:41:36.420
 back together

00:41:36.420 --> 00:41:37.659
 or how to

00:41:37.659 --> 00:41:38.039
 bring up

00:41:38.039 --> 00:41:38.639
 your children

00:41:38.639 --> 00:41:40.319
 I just get

00:41:40.319 --> 00:41:41.000
 concerned that

00:41:41.000 --> 00:41:41.480
 we're starting

00:41:41.480 --> 00:41:42.339
 to de-center

00:41:42.339 --> 00:41:43.019
 things

00:41:43.019 --> 00:41:44.199
 and that the

00:41:44.199 --> 00:41:45.500
 gospel is being

00:41:45.500 --> 00:41:46.839
 sidelined

00:41:46.839 --> 00:41:48.179
 for what it

00:41:48.179 --> 00:41:48.920
 does and how

00:41:48.920 --> 00:41:49.719
 it helps me

00:41:49.719 --> 00:41:50.939
 and Horton

00:41:50.939 --> 00:41:51.639
 has a great

00:41:51.639 --> 00:41:52.079
 anecdote

00:41:52.079 --> 00:41:54.079
 in the book

00:41:54.079 --> 00:41:54.899
 and I'm

00:41:54.899 --> 00:41:55.439
 guessing that

00:41:55.439 --> 00:41:55.980
 any of you

00:41:55.980 --> 00:41:56.519
 who preach

00:41:56.519 --> 00:41:57.399
 or pastor

00:41:57.399 --> 00:41:57.679
 church

00:41:57.679 --> 00:41:58.199
 even in my

00:41:58.199 --> 00:41:58.699
 short time

00:41:58.699 --> 00:41:59.139
 pastoring

00:41:59.139 --> 00:42:00.139
 I can confirm

00:42:00.139 --> 00:42:00.839
 we have

00:42:00.839 --> 00:42:01.459
 similar things

00:42:01.459 --> 00:42:02.019
 in our church

00:42:02.019 --> 00:42:02.539
 he talks about

00:42:02.539 --> 00:42:03.099
 a lady who

00:42:03.099 --> 00:42:03.539
 comes to his

00:42:03.539 --> 00:42:03.879
 church

00:42:03.879 --> 00:42:04.339
 and says

00:42:04.339 --> 00:42:05.119
 something to

00:42:05.119 --> 00:42:05.579
 affect her

00:42:05.579 --> 00:42:06.799
 I went to

00:42:06.799 --> 00:42:07.259
 my church

00:42:07.259 --> 00:42:07.799
 and my

00:42:07.799 --> 00:42:08.219
 marriage is

00:42:08.219 --> 00:42:08.839
 falling apart

00:42:08.839 --> 00:42:09.259
 and all we

00:42:09.259 --> 00:42:09.799
 had was a

00:42:09.799 --> 00:42:10.099
 sermon

00:42:10.099 --> 00:42:10.879
 on how to

00:42:10.879 --> 00:42:11.119
 put your

00:42:11.119 --> 00:42:11.619
 marriage back

00:42:11.619 --> 00:42:12.000
 together

00:42:12.000 --> 00:42:13.139
 and I came

00:42:13.139 --> 00:42:13.459
 to your

00:42:13.459 --> 00:42:13.919
 church

00:42:13.919 --> 00:42:14.859
 and I heard

00:42:14.859 --> 00:42:15.599
 the gospel

00:42:15.599 --> 00:42:17.119
 and that was

00:42:17.119 --> 00:42:17.639
 what I needed

00:42:17.639 --> 00:42:18.139
 to hear

00:42:18.139 --> 00:42:19.059
 I didn't want

00:42:19.059 --> 00:42:19.739
 somebody giving

00:42:19.739 --> 00:42:20.480
 me a how to

00:42:20.480 --> 00:42:20.940
 how to put

00:42:20.940 --> 00:42:21.440
 my marriage

00:42:21.440 --> 00:42:22.059
 back together

00:42:22.059 --> 00:42:23.379
 I needed to

00:42:23.379 --> 00:42:23.759
 know that

00:42:23.759 --> 00:42:24.279
 God was

00:42:24.279 --> 00:42:24.659
 sovereign

00:42:24.659 --> 00:42:25.579
 and that

00:42:25.579 --> 00:42:26.079
 Christ had

00:42:26.079 --> 00:42:26.519
 died for

00:42:26.519 --> 00:42:27.279
 my sins

00:42:27.279 --> 00:42:28.099
 and that

00:42:28.099 --> 00:42:28.659
 the church

00:42:28.659 --> 00:42:29.480
 would triumph

00:42:29.480 --> 00:42:29.900
 in the end

00:42:29.900 --> 00:42:30.699
 Matthew 16

00:42:30.699 --> 00:42:31.039
 18

00:42:31.039 --> 00:42:32.859
 and I just

00:42:32.859 --> 00:42:33.879
 get concerned

00:42:33.879 --> 00:42:34.319
 there are

00:42:34.319 --> 00:42:34.859
 various things

00:42:34.859 --> 00:42:35.359
 that concern

00:42:35.359 --> 00:42:36.099
 me about

00:42:36.099 --> 00:42:36.659
 cancelling

00:42:36.659 --> 00:42:37.519
 one I think

00:42:37.519 --> 00:42:39.099
 it puts

00:42:39.099 --> 00:42:40.279
 huge pressure

00:42:40.279 --> 00:42:41.759
 on office

00:42:41.759 --> 00:42:42.299
 bearing in

00:42:42.299 --> 00:42:42.819
 the church

00:42:42.819 --> 00:42:44.279
 and it really

00:42:44.279 --> 00:42:45.159
 moves things

00:42:45.159 --> 00:42:46.019
 away from the

00:42:46.019 --> 00:42:46.799
 elders in a way

00:42:46.799 --> 00:42:47.339
 that is not

00:42:47.339 --> 00:42:47.779
 helpful

00:42:47.780 --> 00:42:49.320
 and I think

00:42:49.320 --> 00:42:50.320
 it pushes us

00:42:50.320 --> 00:42:51.720
 we always have

00:42:51.720 --> 00:42:52.220
 to think as

00:42:52.220 --> 00:42:52.660
 teachers

00:42:52.660 --> 00:42:53.760
 we understand

00:42:53.760 --> 00:42:54.260
 what we're

00:42:54.260 --> 00:42:54.640
 saying

00:42:54.640 --> 00:42:55.380
 but how is

00:42:55.380 --> 00:42:55.680
 it being

00:42:55.680 --> 00:42:56.340
 received

00:42:56.340 --> 00:42:57.780
 historians

00:42:57.780 --> 00:42:58.400
 we routinely

00:42:58.400 --> 00:42:58.780
 make a

00:42:58.780 --> 00:42:59.220
 distinction

00:42:59.220 --> 00:43:01.260
 about what

00:43:01.260 --> 00:43:01.800
 an author

00:43:01.800 --> 00:43:02.620
 is intending

00:43:02.620 --> 00:43:03.940
 or a person

00:43:03.940 --> 00:43:04.540
 is intending

00:43:04.540 --> 00:43:05.519
 and how that

00:43:05.519 --> 00:43:05.980
 book is

00:43:05.980 --> 00:43:06.800
 received

00:43:06.800 --> 00:43:07.540
 reception

00:43:07.540 --> 00:43:08.260
 how is the

00:43:08.260 --> 00:43:09.200
 book received

00:43:09.200 --> 00:43:09.860
 in the culture

00:43:09.860 --> 00:43:11.100
 Calvin's

00:43:11.100 --> 00:43:11.340
 Institute

00:43:11.340 --> 00:43:11.640
 is a great

00:43:11.640 --> 00:43:12.019
 example

00:43:12.019 --> 00:43:12.360
 it wasn't

00:43:12.360 --> 00:43:12.920
 written as a

00:43:12.920 --> 00:43:13.280
 systematic

00:43:13.280 --> 00:43:13.720
 theology

00:43:13.720 --> 00:43:14.200
 textbook

00:43:14.200 --> 00:43:14.840
 but has

00:43:14.840 --> 00:43:15.280
 by and large

00:43:15.280 --> 00:43:16.100
 been received

00:43:16.100 --> 00:43:16.800
 as a systematic

00:43:16.800 --> 00:43:17.280
 theology

00:43:17.780 --> 00:43:19.400
 I worry

00:43:19.400 --> 00:43:20.260
 that the

00:43:20.260 --> 00:43:20.640
 emphasis

00:43:20.640 --> 00:43:21.300
 upon

00:43:21.300 --> 00:43:22.240
 putting

00:43:22.240 --> 00:43:22.780
 marriages

00:43:22.780 --> 00:43:23.100
 back

00:43:23.100 --> 00:43:23.600
 together

00:43:23.600 --> 00:43:25.620
 cure of

00:43:25.620 --> 00:43:26.019
 souls

00:43:26.019 --> 00:43:26.320
 which is

00:43:26.320 --> 00:43:26.640
 a good

00:43:26.640 --> 00:43:26.940
 thing

00:43:26.940 --> 00:43:27.260
 but when

00:43:27.260 --> 00:43:27.720
 it becomes

00:43:27.720 --> 00:43:28.180
 a central

00:43:28.180 --> 00:43:28.440
 thing

00:43:28.440 --> 00:43:29.080
 has that

00:43:29.080 --> 00:43:29.300
 being

00:43:29.300 --> 00:43:29.860
 received

00:43:29.860 --> 00:43:31.080
 you may be

00:43:31.080 --> 00:43:31.440
 teaching

00:43:31.440 --> 00:43:32.240
 inappropriately

00:43:32.240 --> 00:43:33.100
 but is it

00:43:33.100 --> 00:43:33.800
 leading people

00:43:33.800 --> 00:43:34.280
 to think

00:43:34.280 --> 00:43:34.560
 that the

00:43:34.560 --> 00:43:35.060
 gospel is

00:43:35.060 --> 00:43:35.540
 ultimately

00:43:35.540 --> 00:43:37.140
 about the

00:43:37.140 --> 00:43:37.980
 impact it

00:43:37.980 --> 00:43:38.320
 has

00:43:38.320 --> 00:43:39.200
 and not

00:43:39.200 --> 00:43:39.640
 about what

00:43:39.640 --> 00:43:40.100
 God has

00:43:40.100 --> 00:43:40.440
 done

00:43:40.440 --> 00:43:41.160
 in the

00:43:41.160 --> 00:43:41.600
 Lord Jesus

00:43:41.600 --> 00:43:42.160
 Christ

00:43:42.159 --> 00:43:43.019
 and I

00:43:43.019 --> 00:43:43.179
 think

00:43:43.179 --> 00:43:43.379
 that

00:43:43.379 --> 00:43:44.259
 Warfield's

00:43:44.259 --> 00:43:46.259
 discussions

00:43:46.259 --> 00:43:46.659
 of

00:43:46.659 --> 00:43:47.399
 liberalism

00:43:47.399 --> 00:43:47.619
 in the

00:43:47.619 --> 00:43:48.039
 19th

00:43:48.039 --> 00:43:48.440
 century

00:43:48.440 --> 00:43:49.759
 connect

00:43:49.759 --> 00:43:50.759
 directly

00:43:50.759 --> 00:43:51.579
 to that

00:43:51.579 --> 00:43:51.920
 kind

00:43:51.920 --> 00:43:52.059
 of

00:43:52.059 --> 00:43:52.599
 concern

00:43:52.599 --> 00:43:54.819
 so

00:43:54.819 --> 00:43:57.559
 Warfield

00:43:57.559 --> 00:43:57.859
 then

00:43:57.859 --> 00:43:58.839
 I think

00:43:58.839 --> 00:43:59.279
 probably

00:43:59.279 --> 00:44:00.399
 the greatest

00:44:00.399 --> 00:44:01.599
 Presbyterian

00:44:01.599 --> 00:44:02.199
 mind of the

00:44:02.199 --> 00:44:03.059
 19th century

00:44:03.059 --> 00:44:04.699
 a man

00:44:04.699 --> 00:44:05.119
 who was able

00:44:05.119 --> 00:44:05.719
 to engage

00:44:05.719 --> 00:44:06.139
 in several

00:44:06.139 --> 00:44:06.420
 different

00:44:06.420 --> 00:44:06.859
 languages

00:44:06.859 --> 00:44:08.000
 at a very

00:44:08.000 --> 00:44:08.440
 very high

00:44:08.440 --> 00:44:08.739
 level

00:44:08.739 --> 00:44:08.960
 a man

00:44:08.960 --> 00:44:09.159
 who had

00:44:09.159 --> 00:44:09.659
 the respect

00:44:09.659 --> 00:44:10.259
 of scholars

00:44:10.259 --> 00:44:11.519
 who despised

00:44:11.519 --> 00:44:12.719
 his theological

00:44:12.719 --> 00:44:13.739
 position

00:44:13.739 --> 00:44:15.119
 and a man

00:44:15.119 --> 00:44:16.299
 who understood

00:44:16.299 --> 00:44:16.799
 the nature

00:44:16.799 --> 00:44:17.699
 of confessionalism

00:44:17.699 --> 00:44:18.239
 and more than

00:44:18.239 --> 00:44:18.879
 anything else

00:44:18.879 --> 00:44:19.960
 understood the

00:44:19.960 --> 00:44:20.679
 importance of

00:44:20.679 --> 00:44:21.159
 doctrine

00:44:21.159 --> 00:44:22.139
 within the

00:44:22.139 --> 00:44:22.539
 testimony

00:44:22.539 --> 00:44:23.440
 of the

00:44:23.440 --> 00:44:23.879
 church

00:44:23.879 --> 00:44:30.739
 thanks very

00:44:30.739 --> 00:44:30.899
 much

00:44:30.899 --> 00:44:32.039
 time for

00:44:32.039 --> 00:44:32.379
 questions

00:44:32.380 --> 00:44:41.039
 some of

00:44:41.039 --> 00:44:41.200
 us

00:44:41.200 --> 00:44:41.380
 who are

00:44:41.380 --> 00:44:41.800
 not English

00:44:41.800 --> 00:44:42.039
 have

00:44:42.039 --> 00:44:42.380
 difficulty

00:44:42.380 --> 00:44:43.019
 identifying

00:44:43.019 --> 00:44:43.300
 the

00:44:43.300 --> 00:44:43.500
 era

00:44:43.500 --> 00:44:43.900
 in that

00:44:43.900 --> 00:44:44.200
 Bible

00:44:44.200 --> 00:44:44.539
 cover

00:44:44.539 --> 00:44:44.820
 version

00:44:44.820 --> 00:44:48.240
 I'm

00:44:48.240 --> 00:44:48.539
 guessing

00:44:48.539 --> 00:44:48.880
 somewhere

00:44:48.880 --> 00:44:49.140
 between

00:44:49.140 --> 00:44:49.820
 1890

00:44:49.820 --> 00:44:50.820
 and 1905

00:44:50.820 --> 00:44:53.460
 I don't

00:44:53.460 --> 00:44:53.680
 know

00:44:53.680 --> 00:44:54.720
 we protect

00:44:54.720 --> 00:44:55.260
 you guys

00:44:55.260 --> 00:44:55.860
 for centuries

00:44:55.860 --> 00:44:56.180
 and this

00:44:56.180 --> 00:44:56.420
 is all

00:44:56.420 --> 00:44:56.940
 the gratitude

00:44:56.940 --> 00:44:59.019
 we save

00:44:59.019 --> 00:44:59.400
 you from

00:44:59.400 --> 00:45:00.019
 yourselves

00:45:00.019 --> 00:45:05.320
 I always

00:45:05.320 --> 00:45:05.699
 love telling

00:45:05.699 --> 00:45:06.159
 my wife

00:45:06.159 --> 00:45:06.900
 John Knox

00:45:06.900 --> 00:45:07.259
 was always

00:45:07.259 --> 00:45:07.759
 happier in

00:45:07.759 --> 00:45:07.940
 England

00:45:07.940 --> 00:45:08.259
 than he

00:45:08.259 --> 00:45:08.619
 was in

00:45:08.619 --> 00:45:08.920
 Scotland

00:45:08.920 --> 00:45:15.860
 I'm sorry

00:45:15.860 --> 00:45:16.340
 can you just

00:45:16.340 --> 00:45:16.980
 repeat that

00:45:16.980 --> 00:45:17.739
 quote again

00:45:17.739 --> 00:45:18.699
 about

00:45:18.699 --> 00:45:20.800
 what he said

00:45:20.800 --> 00:45:21.000
 about

00:45:21.000 --> 00:45:21.579
 confessional

00:45:21.579 --> 00:45:22.139
 description

00:45:22.139 --> 00:45:22.599
 yeah

00:45:22.599 --> 00:45:23.840
 sure

00:45:23.840 --> 00:45:25.019
 I don't

00:45:25.019 --> 00:45:25.340
 have it

00:45:25.340 --> 00:45:25.920
 committed to

00:45:25.920 --> 00:45:26.159
 memory

00:45:26.159 --> 00:45:26.559
 so you'll

00:45:26.559 --> 00:45:26.800
 have to

00:45:26.800 --> 00:45:27.980
 give me a

00:45:27.980 --> 00:45:28.239
 second

00:45:28.239 --> 00:45:28.759
 bear with me

00:45:28.759 --> 00:45:29.039
 while I

00:45:29.039 --> 00:45:29.400
 pull it

00:45:29.400 --> 00:45:29.599
 up

00:45:29.599 --> 00:45:30.559
 I can

00:45:30.559 --> 00:45:31.139
 certainly

00:45:31.139 --> 00:45:33.420
 send it

00:45:33.420 --> 00:45:34.000
 to you

00:45:34.000 --> 00:45:35.659
 I wish

00:45:35.659 --> 00:45:36.039
 to declare

00:45:36.039 --> 00:45:36.360
 that I

00:45:36.360 --> 00:45:36.839
 sign these

00:45:36.839 --> 00:45:37.259
 standards

00:45:37.259 --> 00:45:37.779
 not as a

00:45:37.779 --> 00:45:38.219
 necessary

00:45:38.219 --> 00:45:38.900
 form which

00:45:38.900 --> 00:45:39.259
 must be

00:45:39.259 --> 00:45:39.980
 submitted to

00:45:39.980 --> 00:45:41.400
 but gladly

00:45:41.400 --> 00:45:42.099
 and willingly

00:45:42.099 --> 00:45:43.000
 as the

00:45:43.000 --> 00:45:43.679
 expression of

00:45:43.679 --> 00:45:44.219
 a personal

00:45:44.219 --> 00:45:44.779
 and cherished

00:45:44.779 --> 00:45:45.299
 conviction

00:45:45.299 --> 00:45:46.440
 and further

00:45:46.440 --> 00:45:46.799
 that the

00:45:46.799 --> 00:45:47.400
 system taught

00:45:47.400 --> 00:45:47.699
 in these

00:45:47.699 --> 00:45:48.039
 symbols

00:45:48.039 --> 00:45:48.699
 is the

00:45:48.699 --> 00:45:49.199
 system which

00:45:49.199 --> 00:45:49.460
 will be

00:45:49.460 --> 00:45:49.880
 drawn out

00:45:49.880 --> 00:45:50.119
 of the

00:45:50.119 --> 00:45:50.420
 scriptures

00:45:50.420 --> 00:45:50.759
 in the

00:45:50.759 --> 00:45:51.279
 prosecution

00:45:51.279 --> 00:45:51.980
 of the

00:45:51.980 --> 00:45:52.380
 teaching

00:45:52.380 --> 00:45:52.719
 to which

00:45:52.719 --> 00:45:52.940
 you have

00:45:52.940 --> 00:45:53.360
 called me

00:45:53.360 --> 00:45:54.579
 not indeed

00:45:54.579 --> 00:45:54.900
 because

00:45:54.900 --> 00:45:55.299
 commencing

00:45:55.299 --> 00:45:55.679
 with that

00:45:55.679 --> 00:45:56.099
 system

00:45:56.099 --> 00:45:56.559
 the

00:45:56.559 --> 00:45:56.860
 scriptures

00:45:56.860 --> 00:45:57.219
 can be

00:45:57.219 --> 00:45:57.619
 made to

00:45:57.619 --> 00:45:58.079
 teach it

00:45:58.079 --> 00:45:59.159
 but because

00:45:59.159 --> 00:45:59.559
 commencing

00:45:59.559 --> 00:45:59.880
 with the

00:45:59.880 --> 00:46:00.239
 scriptures

00:46:00.239 --> 00:46:01.259
 I cannot

00:46:01.259 --> 00:46:01.639
 make them

00:46:01.639 --> 00:46:02.139
 teach anything

00:46:02.139 --> 00:46:02.559
 else

00:46:02.559 --> 00:46:03.980
 if you want

00:46:03.980 --> 00:46:04.400
 I can

00:46:04.400 --> 00:46:04.759
 actually

00:46:04.759 --> 00:46:06.079
 send you

00:46:06.079 --> 00:46:06.759
 the quotation

00:46:06.759 --> 00:46:08.400
 if you like

00:46:08.400 --> 00:46:09.199
 you can get

00:46:09.199 --> 00:46:09.579
 the first

00:46:09.579 --> 00:46:09.860
 in order

00:46:09.860 --> 00:46:10.199
 address

00:46:10.199 --> 00:46:10.519
 I found

00:46:10.519 --> 00:46:11.000
 in PDF

00:46:11.000 --> 00:46:11.679
 online

00:46:11.679 --> 00:46:13.099
 I have not

00:46:13.099 --> 00:46:13.579
 found it in

00:46:13.579 --> 00:46:13.880
 any of the

00:46:13.880 --> 00:46:14.360
 collections of

00:46:14.360 --> 00:46:14.900
 his writings

00:46:14.900 --> 00:46:15.440
 but I did

00:46:15.440 --> 00:46:16.079
 dig around

00:46:16.079 --> 00:46:17.079
 and I found

00:46:17.079 --> 00:46:17.559
 it online

00:46:17.559 --> 00:46:17.980
 so I can

00:46:17.980 --> 00:46:18.639
 probably dig

00:46:18.639 --> 00:46:18.900
 it out

00:46:18.900 --> 00:46:19.139
 and send

00:46:19.139 --> 00:46:19.360
 you the

00:46:19.360 --> 00:46:19.880
 whole thing

00:46:19.880 --> 00:46:20.380
 thank you

00:46:20.380 --> 00:46:20.380


00:46:20.380 --> 00:46:20.840
 very much

00:46:20.840 --> 00:46:26.059
 any more

00:46:26.059 --> 00:46:26.380
 questions

00:46:26.380 --> 00:46:28.840
 I'm

00:46:28.840 --> 00:46:29.280
 slightly

00:46:29.280 --> 00:46:29.420
 sorry

00:46:29.420 --> 00:46:29.780
 to remember

00:46:29.780 --> 00:46:29.940
 this

00:46:29.940 --> 00:46:31.140
 but I

00:46:31.140 --> 00:46:31.559
 think I'm

00:46:31.559 --> 00:46:31.780
 right in

00:46:31.780 --> 00:46:31.860
 saying

00:46:31.860 --> 00:46:32.140
 similar

00:46:32.140 --> 00:46:32.519
 later

00:46:32.519 --> 00:46:33.160
 Western

00:46:33.160 --> 00:46:33.680
 skies

00:46:33.680 --> 00:46:34.940
 to

00:46:34.940 --> 00:46:35.099
 Van

00:46:35.099 --> 00:46:35.360
 Thiel

00:46:35.360 --> 00:46:35.579
 around

00:46:35.579 --> 00:46:35.820
 I've

00:46:35.820 --> 00:46:35.960
 looked

00:46:35.960 --> 00:46:36.140
 back

00:46:36.140 --> 00:46:36.280
 at

00:46:36.280 --> 00:46:36.700
 Warfield

00:46:36.700 --> 00:46:38.260
 with a

00:46:38.260 --> 00:46:38.420
 certain

00:46:38.420 --> 00:46:38.619
 bit

00:46:38.619 --> 00:46:38.720
 of

00:46:38.720 --> 00:46:39.220
 critique

00:46:39.220 --> 00:46:41.780
 and more

00:46:41.780 --> 00:46:42.079
 recently

00:46:42.079 --> 00:46:42.360
 I've heard

00:46:42.360 --> 00:46:42.539
 people

00:46:42.539 --> 00:46:43.099
 critique

00:46:43.099 --> 00:46:43.460
 critique

00:46:43.460 --> 00:46:43.500
!

00:46:44.500 --> 00:46:46.099
 In some

00:46:46.099 --> 00:46:46.360
 ways it's

00:46:46.360 --> 00:46:46.500
 not

00:46:46.500 --> 00:46:46.700
 my

00:46:46.700 --> 00:46:47.059
 field

00:46:47.059 --> 00:46:48.900
 Van

00:46:48.900 --> 00:46:49.099
 Thiel

00:46:49.099 --> 00:46:49.239
 is

00:46:49.239 --> 00:46:49.360
 a

00:46:49.360 --> 00:46:49.559
 law

00:46:49.559 --> 00:46:49.739
 unto

00:46:49.739 --> 00:46:50.299
 himself

00:46:50.299 --> 00:46:52.840
 an

00:46:52.840 --> 00:46:53.159
 afternoon

00:46:53.159 --> 00:46:53.480
 reading

00:46:53.480 --> 00:46:53.960
 Cardinal

00:46:53.960 --> 00:46:54.299
 Newman

00:46:54.299 --> 00:46:54.799
 who wrote

00:46:54.799 --> 00:46:55.079
 English

00:46:55.079 --> 00:46:55.519
 prose

00:46:55.519 --> 00:46:56.279
 beautifully

00:46:56.279 --> 00:46:56.599
 or an

00:46:56.599 --> 00:46:56.900
 afternoon

00:46:56.900 --> 00:46:57.259
 reading

00:46:57.259 --> 00:46:57.579
 Van

00:46:57.579 --> 00:46:57.820
 Thiel

00:46:57.820 --> 00:46:57.980
 who

00:46:57.980 --> 00:46:58.219
 couldn't

00:46:58.219 --> 00:46:58.539
 write a

00:46:58.539 --> 00:46:58.840
 sentence

00:46:58.840 --> 00:46:59.320
 to save

00:46:59.320 --> 00:46:59.460
 his

00:46:59.460 --> 00:46:59.799
 life

00:46:59.799 --> 00:47:00.639
 I'm

00:47:00.639 --> 00:47:00.779
 going to

00:47:00.779 --> 00:47:01.079
 go for

00:47:01.079 --> 00:47:01.460
 Cardinal

00:47:01.460 --> 00:47:01.820
 Newman

00:47:01.820 --> 00:47:04.380
 Van

00:47:04.380 --> 00:47:04.639
 Thiel's

00:47:04.639 --> 00:47:05.039
 criticism

00:47:05.039 --> 00:47:05.559
 of Warfield

00:47:05.559 --> 00:47:05.900
 is really

00:47:05.900 --> 00:47:06.119
 that he

00:47:06.119 --> 00:47:06.360
 gives

00:47:06.360 --> 00:47:06.739
 too much

00:47:06.739 --> 00:47:07.360
 of a

00:47:07.360 --> 00:47:07.960
 rationalist

00:47:07.960 --> 00:47:08.599
 too

00:47:08.599 --> 00:47:08.960
 influenced

00:47:08.960 --> 00:47:09.159
 by

00:47:09.159 --> 00:47:09.480
 Scottish

00:47:09.480 --> 00:47:09.739
 common

00:47:09.739 --> 00:47:10.019
 sense

00:47:10.019 --> 00:47:10.440
 realism

00:47:10.440 --> 00:47:11.299
 it's

00:47:11.299 --> 00:47:11.480
 not

00:47:11.480 --> 00:47:11.719
 my

00:47:11.719 --> 00:47:12.159
 area

00:47:12.159 --> 00:47:12.480
 to

00:47:12.480 --> 00:47:12.820
 be

00:47:12.820 --> 00:47:13.000
 able

00:47:13.000 --> 00:47:13.139
 to

00:47:13.139 --> 00:47:13.420
 offer

00:47:13.420 --> 00:47:14.380
 a

00:47:14.380 --> 00:47:14.960
 response

00:47:14.960 --> 00:47:15.119
 to

00:47:15.119 --> 00:47:15.259
 that

00:47:15.259 --> 00:47:15.739
 really

00:47:15.739 --> 00:47:16.659
 though

00:47:16.659 --> 00:47:17.199
 Paul

00:47:17.199 --> 00:47:17.739
 Helseth

00:47:17.739 --> 00:47:17.960
 has

00:47:17.960 --> 00:47:18.339
 recently

00:47:18.339 --> 00:47:18.679
 written

00:47:18.679 --> 00:47:18.839
 a

00:47:18.839 --> 00:47:19.059
 book

00:47:19.059 --> 00:47:19.379
 published

00:47:19.379 --> 00:47:19.559
 by

00:47:19.559 --> 00:47:20.119
 PNR

00:47:20.119 --> 00:47:21.059
 on

00:47:21.059 --> 00:47:21.619
 the

00:47:21.619 --> 00:47:22.000
 old

00:47:22.000 --> 00:47:22.559
 Princetonian

00:47:22.559 --> 00:47:22.739
 view

00:47:22.739 --> 00:47:22.879
 of

00:47:22.879 --> 00:47:23.119
 reason

00:47:23.119 --> 00:47:23.319
 where

00:47:23.319 --> 00:47:23.460
 he

00:47:23.460 --> 00:47:23.679
 really

00:47:23.679 --> 00:47:24.259
 challenges

00:47:24.259 --> 00:47:25.659
 that

00:47:25.659 --> 00:47:26.039
 view

00:47:26.039 --> 00:47:26.859
 now

00:47:26.859 --> 00:47:27.059
 my

00:47:27.059 --> 00:47:27.480
 own

00:47:27.480 --> 00:47:28.219
 understanding

00:47:28.219 --> 00:47:28.799
 this takes

00:47:28.799 --> 00:47:29.079
 me to a

00:47:29.079 --> 00:47:29.239
 much

00:47:29.239 --> 00:47:29.599
 wider

00:47:29.599 --> 00:47:29.879
 frame

00:47:29.879 --> 00:47:30.059
 I

00:47:30.059 --> 00:47:30.359
 actually

00:47:30.359 --> 00:47:30.739
 think

00:47:30.739 --> 00:47:31.059
 that

00:47:31.059 --> 00:47:32.199
 Thomism

00:47:32.199 --> 00:47:32.799
 is much

00:47:32.799 --> 00:47:33.039
 more

00:47:33.039 --> 00:47:33.539
 influential

00:47:33.539 --> 00:47:33.899
 on the

00:47:33.899 --> 00:47:34.279
 reformed

00:47:34.279 --> 00:47:34.619
 tradition

00:47:34.619 --> 00:47:34.940
 than

00:47:34.940 --> 00:47:35.599
 the

00:47:35.599 --> 00:47:35.819
 Van

00:47:35.819 --> 00:47:36.119
 Thiel

00:47:36.119 --> 00:47:36.519
 guys

00:47:36.519 --> 00:47:36.679
 would

00:47:36.679 --> 00:47:36.980
 like

00:47:36.980 --> 00:47:37.199
 to

00:47:37.199 --> 00:47:37.920
 acknowledge

00:47:37.920 --> 00:47:37.920


00:47:38.659 --> 00:47:38.899
 So

00:47:38.899 --> 00:47:39.139
 I

00:47:39.139 --> 00:47:39.559
 find

00:47:39.559 --> 00:47:40.559
 Warfield's

00:47:40.559 --> 00:47:41.079
 quasi

00:47:41.079 --> 00:47:42.059
 rationalism

00:47:42.059 --> 00:47:42.059


00:47:46.659 --> 00:47:47.480
 but

00:47:47.480 --> 00:47:47.599
 if

00:47:47.599 --> 00:47:47.699
 you

00:47:47.699 --> 00:47:48.019
 wanted

00:47:48.019 --> 00:47:48.839
 Van

00:47:48.839 --> 00:47:49.059
 Thiel

00:47:49.059 --> 00:47:49.379
 writes

00:47:49.379 --> 00:47:49.539
 the

00:47:49.539 --> 00:47:49.980
 introduction

00:47:49.980 --> 00:47:50.379
 the

00:47:50.379 --> 00:47:50.839
 PNR

00:47:50.839 --> 00:47:51.179
 five

00:47:51.179 --> 00:47:51.639
 volumes

00:47:51.639 --> 00:47:51.839
 from

00:47:51.839 --> 00:47:51.920
 the

00:47:51.920 --> 00:47:52.579
 1950s

00:47:52.579 --> 00:47:52.699
 there

00:47:52.699 --> 00:47:52.819
 is

00:47:52.819 --> 00:47:52.940
 a

00:47:52.940 --> 00:47:53.219
 volume

00:47:53.219 --> 00:47:53.539
 on

00:47:53.539 --> 00:47:54.119
 the

00:47:54.119 --> 00:47:54.539
 inspirational

00:47:54.539 --> 00:47:55.039
 authority

00:47:55.039 --> 00:47:55.239
 of

00:47:55.239 --> 00:47:55.559
 scripture

00:47:55.559 --> 00:47:55.940
 and Van

00:47:55.940 --> 00:47:56.119
 Thiel

00:47:56.119 --> 00:47:56.399
 writes

00:47:56.399 --> 00:47:56.519
 the

00:47:56.519 --> 00:47:56.920
 introduction

00:47:56.920 --> 00:47:57.379
 to that

00:47:57.379 --> 00:47:58.059
 and that

00:47:58.059 --> 00:47:58.219
 would

00:47:58.219 --> 00:47:58.679
 give you

00:47:58.679 --> 00:47:59.379
 his

00:47:59.379 --> 00:47:59.719
 take

00:47:59.719 --> 00:48:00.139
 on that

00:48:00.139 --> 00:48:00.699
 my

00:48:00.699 --> 00:48:01.199
 impression

00:48:01.199 --> 00:48:01.559
 of Van

00:48:01.559 --> 00:48:01.699
 Thiel

00:48:01.699 --> 00:48:02.019
 is he's

00:48:02.019 --> 00:48:02.480
 not really

00:48:02.480 --> 00:48:02.759
 a very

00:48:02.759 --> 00:48:02.960
 good

00:48:02.960 --> 00:48:03.460
 historical

00:48:03.460 --> 00:48:04.139
 theologian

00:48:04.139 --> 00:48:05.359
 I don't

00:48:05.359 --> 00:48:05.779
 think he

00:48:05.779 --> 00:48:06.279
 really gets

00:48:06.279 --> 00:48:06.779
 Thomas

00:48:06.779 --> 00:48:08.440
 which would

00:48:08.440 --> 00:48:08.779
 make me

00:48:08.779 --> 00:48:09.219
 suspicious

00:48:09.219 --> 00:48:09.539
 that he

00:48:09.539 --> 00:48:09.839
 may not

00:48:09.839 --> 00:48:10.039
 really

00:48:10.039 --> 00:48:10.239
 get

00:48:10.239 --> 00:48:10.699
 Warfield

00:48:10.699 --> 00:48:11.039
 but I

00:48:11.039 --> 00:48:11.480
 haven't

00:48:11.480 --> 00:48:11.899
 looked at

00:48:11.900 --> 00:48:12.220
 that in

00:48:12.220 --> 00:48:12.480
 detail

00:48:12.480 --> 00:48:12.940
 I can't

00:48:12.940 --> 00:48:13.079
 hear

00:48:13.079 --> 00:48:13.440
 it's not

00:48:13.440 --> 00:48:14.139
 my area

00:48:14.139 --> 00:48:15.220
 to comment

00:48:15.220 --> 00:48:15.760
 on further

00:48:15.760 --> 00:48:16.059
 than I

00:48:16.059 --> 00:48:16.480
 have done

00:48:16.480 --> 00:48:18.740
 what was

00:48:18.740 --> 00:48:19.099
 this book

00:48:19.099 --> 00:48:19.599
 you mentioned

00:48:19.599 --> 00:48:20.440
 sorry

00:48:20.440 --> 00:48:22.440
 Paul

00:48:22.440 --> 00:48:23.099
 Helzeth

00:48:23.099 --> 00:48:24.599
 I can't

00:48:24.599 --> 00:48:25.079
 remember what

00:48:25.079 --> 00:48:25.599
 the title

00:48:25.599 --> 00:48:26.079
 of it is

00:48:26.079 --> 00:48:26.420
 is it

00:48:26.420 --> 00:48:26.980
 reason

00:48:26.980 --> 00:48:27.400
 right

00:48:27.400 --> 00:48:27.860
 reason

00:48:27.860 --> 00:48:28.220
 and the

00:48:28.220 --> 00:48:28.440
 old

00:48:28.440 --> 00:48:29.240
 Princetonians

00:48:29.240 --> 00:48:29.780
 or something

00:48:29.780 --> 00:48:30.720
 got it on

00:48:30.720 --> 00:48:31.180
 my shelf

00:48:31.180 --> 00:48:31.700
 at home

00:48:31.700 --> 00:48:32.940
 Helzeth

00:48:32.940 --> 00:48:35.079
 H-E-L-S-E-T-H

00:48:35.079 --> 00:48:40.619
 yeah

00:48:40.619 --> 00:48:41.039
 Matthew

00:48:41.039 --> 00:48:48.460
 I can't

00:48:48.460 --> 00:48:48.840
 remember the

00:48:48.840 --> 00:48:49.219
 details

00:48:49.219 --> 00:48:49.840
 to be honest

00:48:49.840 --> 00:48:50.880
 no I

00:48:50.880 --> 00:48:51.179
 think

00:48:51.179 --> 00:48:54.300
 the

00:48:54.300 --> 00:48:56.039
 atonement

00:48:56.039 --> 00:48:56.519
 was being

00:48:56.519 --> 00:48:57.159
 broadened

00:48:57.159 --> 00:48:57.900
 do you

00:48:57.900 --> 00:48:58.440
 remember that

00:48:58.440 --> 00:48:59.239
 can you

00:48:59.239 --> 00:48:59.599
 remember

00:48:59.599 --> 00:49:01.039
 I'd have

00:49:01.039 --> 00:49:01.259
 to go

00:49:01.259 --> 00:49:01.659
 and look

00:49:01.659 --> 00:49:02.639
 good place

00:49:02.639 --> 00:49:02.840
 to get

00:49:02.840 --> 00:49:03.340
 access to

00:49:03.340 --> 00:49:03.679
 that is

00:49:03.679 --> 00:49:04.519
 WGT

00:49:04.519 --> 00:49:04.980
 Sheds

00:49:04.980 --> 00:49:05.519
 Calvinism

00:49:05.519 --> 00:49:05.960
 Pure and

00:49:05.960 --> 00:49:06.659
 Mixed

00:49:06.659 --> 00:49:07.059
 which was

00:49:07.059 --> 00:49:07.880
 his contribution

00:49:07.880 --> 00:49:08.159
 to the

00:49:08.159 --> 00:49:08.420
 debate

00:49:08.420 --> 00:49:08.940
 it's published

00:49:08.940 --> 00:49:09.840
 by Banner

00:49:09.840 --> 00:49:10.279
 of Truth

00:49:10.280 --> 00:49:16.000
 it was a

00:49:16.000 --> 00:49:17.160
 revision of

00:49:17.160 --> 00:49:17.700
 the confession

00:49:17.700 --> 00:49:18.200
 it was not a

00:49:18.200 --> 00:49:19.040
 declaratory act

00:49:19.040 --> 00:49:20.040
 I also think

00:49:20.040 --> 00:49:20.740
 they were toning

00:49:20.740 --> 00:49:21.140
 down the

00:49:21.140 --> 00:49:21.680
 language on

00:49:21.680 --> 00:49:22.400
 depravity

00:49:22.400 --> 00:49:24.019
 can't remember

00:49:24.019 --> 00:49:24.640
 how but

00:49:24.640 --> 00:49:25.800
 Shed outlines

00:49:25.800 --> 00:49:26.380
 it if you go

00:49:26.380 --> 00:49:26.820
 and look up

00:49:26.820 --> 00:49:27.700
 WGT Shed

00:49:27.699 --> 00:49:27.960
 debt

00:49:27.960 --> 00:49:30.179
 I'm remembering

00:49:30.179 --> 00:49:30.659
 the main

00:49:30.659 --> 00:49:31.319
 thing was

00:49:31.319 --> 00:49:32.539
 extra articles

00:49:32.539 --> 00:49:33.759
 one on the

00:49:33.759 --> 00:49:34.579
 Holy Spirit

00:49:34.579 --> 00:49:36.239
 one on the

00:49:36.239 --> 00:49:37.239
 love of God

00:49:37.239 --> 00:49:38.279
 yeah

00:49:38.279 --> 00:49:40.339
 the love of God

00:49:40.339 --> 00:49:40.960
 of course is

00:49:40.960 --> 00:49:41.559
 something of an

00:49:41.559 --> 00:49:42.379
 absence from the

00:49:42.379 --> 00:49:43.299
 Westminster Shorter

00:49:43.299 --> 00:49:43.879
 Catechism

00:49:43.879 --> 00:49:45.739
 that would be one of

00:49:45.739 --> 00:49:46.179
 my examples

00:49:46.179 --> 00:49:46.779
 if we wrote the

00:49:46.779 --> 00:49:47.639
 Catechism today

00:49:47.639 --> 00:49:48.419
 I'd do it

00:49:48.419 --> 00:49:48.679
 differently

00:49:48.679 --> 00:49:48.940
 because I

00:49:48.940 --> 00:49:49.259
 certainly want

00:49:49.259 --> 00:49:49.679
 to include

00:49:49.679 --> 00:49:50.099
 love

00:49:50.099 --> 00:49:51.440
 in my

00:49:51.440 --> 00:49:53.639
 definition of

00:49:53.639 --> 00:49:53.960
 God

00:49:53.960 --> 00:49:55.119
 somewhere

00:49:55.119 --> 00:49:55.619
 I don't

00:49:55.619 --> 00:49:55.839
 think the

00:49:55.839 --> 00:49:56.179
 Catechism

00:49:56.179 --> 00:49:56.839
 excludes it

00:49:56.839 --> 00:49:57.159
 I think it

00:49:57.159 --> 00:49:57.619
 just doesn't

00:49:57.619 --> 00:49:58.259
 include it

00:49:58.259 --> 00:49:58.559
 at that

00:49:58.559 --> 00:49:59.339
 particular point

00:49:59.339 --> 00:50:01.759
 Joe

00:50:01.760 --> 00:50:03.040
 I have two

00:50:03.040 --> 00:50:03.560
 questions

00:50:03.560 --> 00:50:04.740
 one

00:50:04.740 --> 00:50:05.400
 do you know

00:50:05.400 --> 00:50:07.320
 of Warfield's

00:50:07.320 --> 00:50:08.960
 rewriting

00:50:08.960 --> 00:50:09.840
 of the

00:50:09.840 --> 00:50:10.520
 parable of

00:50:10.520 --> 00:50:10.800
 the

00:50:10.800 --> 00:50:12.260
 Good Samaritan

00:50:12.260 --> 00:50:13.960
 in terms of

00:50:13.960 --> 00:50:14.860
 the good

00:50:14.860 --> 00:50:17.280
 African-American

00:50:17.280 --> 00:50:17.660
 the good

00:50:17.660 --> 00:50:17.960
 Negro

00:50:17.960 --> 00:50:18.980
 no I haven't

00:50:18.980 --> 00:50:19.420
 come across

00:50:19.420 --> 00:50:19.700
 that

00:50:19.700 --> 00:50:20.860
 wow

00:50:20.860 --> 00:50:22.160
 where is that

00:50:22.160 --> 00:50:22.540
 available

00:50:22.540 --> 00:50:23.260
 do you know

00:50:23.260 --> 00:50:26.680
 I'd love

00:50:26.680 --> 00:50:27.740
 to see that

00:50:27.740 --> 00:50:28.300
 if you can

00:50:28.300 --> 00:50:28.700
 find that

00:50:28.700 --> 00:50:29.080
 I would love

00:50:29.080 --> 00:50:29.640
 to see that

00:50:29.640 --> 00:50:30.320
 alright

00:50:30.320 --> 00:50:31.600
 and the other

00:50:31.600 --> 00:50:32.019
 question

00:50:32.019 --> 00:50:32.660
 what do you

00:50:32.660 --> 00:50:33.340
 think is the

00:50:33.340 --> 00:50:33.880
 significance

00:50:33.880 --> 00:50:34.900
 of his

00:50:34.900 --> 00:50:36.260
 supporting

00:50:36.260 --> 00:50:38.080
 of some

00:50:38.080 --> 00:50:39.240
 basic aspects

00:50:39.240 --> 00:50:40.000
 of Darwinian

00:50:40.000 --> 00:50:40.460
 evolution

00:50:40.460 --> 00:50:43.340
 well moving

00:50:43.340 --> 00:50:43.840
 into a sort

00:50:43.840 --> 00:50:44.660
 of contentious

00:50:44.660 --> 00:50:45.580
 area there

00:50:45.580 --> 00:50:46.420
 because Fred

00:50:46.420 --> 00:50:46.960
 Zaspel

00:50:46.960 --> 00:50:47.519
 has actually

00:50:47.519 --> 00:50:48.380
 recently

00:50:48.380 --> 00:50:49.620
 in his book

00:50:49.620 --> 00:50:50.340
 and in a

00:50:50.340 --> 00:50:51.220
 subsequent article

00:50:51.220 --> 00:50:52.700
 seriously questioned

00:50:52.700 --> 00:50:52.680
!

00:50:52.680 --> 00:50:53.039
 sort of

00:50:53.039 --> 00:50:53.539
 Martin Old

00:50:53.539 --> 00:50:54.440
 David Livingston

00:50:54.440 --> 00:50:55.460
 Warfield was an

00:50:55.460 --> 00:50:56.300
 evolutionist

00:50:56.300 --> 00:50:57.600
 by arguing that

00:50:57.600 --> 00:50:58.640
 his positive

00:50:58.640 --> 00:50:59.160
 comments are

00:50:59.160 --> 00:50:59.700
 really restricted

00:50:59.699 --> 00:51:00.019
 it's pretty

00:51:00.019 --> 00:51:00.879
 early stuff

00:51:00.879 --> 00:51:01.779
 and that he

00:51:01.779 --> 00:51:02.639
 does seem to

00:51:02.639 --> 00:51:04.000
 have cut off

00:51:04.000 --> 00:51:04.480
 from earlier

00:51:04.480 --> 00:51:04.939
 statements

00:51:04.939 --> 00:51:06.099
 so I have

00:51:06.099 --> 00:51:06.519
 not looked

00:51:06.519 --> 00:51:07.099
 into that

00:51:07.099 --> 00:51:08.119
 sufficiently

00:51:08.119 --> 00:51:09.319
 to know

00:51:09.319 --> 00:51:10.659
 he is a

00:51:10.659 --> 00:51:11.179
 big believer

00:51:11.179 --> 00:51:11.719
 in historical

00:51:11.719 --> 00:51:12.079
 Adam and

00:51:12.079 --> 00:51:12.599
 unity of the

00:51:12.599 --> 00:51:13.139
 human race

00:51:13.139 --> 00:51:13.480
 in Adam

00:51:13.480 --> 00:51:13.879
 and as far

00:51:13.879 --> 00:51:14.339
 as I see

00:51:14.339 --> 00:51:14.599
 it the

00:51:14.599 --> 00:51:14.939
 special

00:51:14.939 --> 00:51:15.480
 creation

00:51:15.480 --> 00:51:15.980
 of Adam

00:51:15.980 --> 00:51:17.480
 for me

00:51:17.480 --> 00:51:17.899
 we'd raise

00:51:17.899 --> 00:51:18.319
 the question

00:51:18.319 --> 00:51:18.899
 then are

00:51:18.899 --> 00:51:19.219
 his two

00:51:19.219 --> 00:51:19.539
 positions

00:51:19.539 --> 00:51:20.159
 consistent

00:51:20.159 --> 00:51:21.679
 but he

00:51:21.679 --> 00:51:22.199
 does have

00:51:22.199 --> 00:51:22.759
 a special

00:51:22.759 --> 00:51:23.299
 creation

00:51:23.299 --> 00:51:23.779
 of Adam

00:51:23.779 --> 00:51:24.259
 he doesn't

00:51:24.259 --> 00:51:24.719
 seem to be

00:51:24.719 --> 00:51:25.099
 an Adam

00:51:25.099 --> 00:51:25.919
 emerges from

00:51:25.919 --> 00:51:26.579
 a pre-existing

00:51:26.579 --> 00:51:27.079
 group of

00:51:27.079 --> 00:51:27.599
 hominids

00:51:27.599 --> 00:51:28.239
 as far as I

00:51:28.239 --> 00:51:28.919
 can understand

00:51:28.920 --> 00:51:29.200
 him

00:51:29.200 --> 00:51:30.180
 which would

00:51:30.180 --> 00:51:31.780
 I'm not

00:51:31.780 --> 00:51:32.079
 saying I

00:51:32.079 --> 00:51:32.440
 would agree

00:51:32.440 --> 00:51:32.800
 with that

00:51:32.800 --> 00:51:33.220
 position

00:51:33.220 --> 00:51:33.639
 but it would

00:51:33.639 --> 00:51:34.320
 be considerably

00:51:34.320 --> 00:51:35.200
 more acceptable

00:51:35.200 --> 00:51:36.000
 to me than

00:51:36.000 --> 00:51:36.880
 Adam emerges

00:51:36.880 --> 00:51:37.740
 over time

00:51:37.740 --> 00:51:38.079
 from a

00:51:38.079 --> 00:51:38.559
 pre-existing

00:51:38.559 --> 00:51:39.039
 group of

00:51:39.039 --> 00:51:39.480
 hominids

00:51:39.480 --> 00:51:40.320
 but the

00:51:40.320 --> 00:51:40.940
 bigger question

00:51:40.940 --> 00:51:41.480
 of Warfield

00:51:41.480 --> 00:51:42.119
 on evolution

00:51:42.119 --> 00:51:42.920
 as a church

00:51:42.920 --> 00:51:43.880
 historical problem

00:51:43.880 --> 00:51:44.820
 is I think

00:51:44.820 --> 00:51:45.320
 it's just being

00:51:45.320 --> 00:51:46.079
 opened up as

00:51:46.079 --> 00:51:46.900
 an area of

00:51:46.900 --> 00:51:47.460
 some debate

00:51:47.460 --> 00:51:48.559
 and exhaustful

00:51:48.559 --> 00:51:50.840
 I'm not sure

00:51:50.840 --> 00:51:51.300
 I'm entirely

00:51:51.300 --> 00:51:51.940
 convinced by

00:51:51.940 --> 00:51:52.539
 Fred but he

00:51:52.539 --> 00:51:53.200
 certainly shows

00:51:53.200 --> 00:51:53.599
 that it's a

00:51:53.599 --> 00:51:53.960
 lot more

00:51:53.960 --> 00:51:54.800
 complicated than

00:51:54.800 --> 00:51:55.039
 Mark

00:51:55.039 --> 00:51:55.680
 Noel and David

00:51:55.680 --> 00:51:56.220
 Livingstone

00:51:56.220 --> 00:51:57.180
 care to make

00:51:57.179 --> 00:51:57.359
 it

00:51:57.359 --> 00:51:58.759
 Warfield was

00:51:58.759 --> 00:51:59.159
 very interested

00:51:59.159 --> 00:51:59.440
 in Kenya

00:51:59.440 --> 00:52:00.279
 he was fascinated

00:52:00.279 --> 00:52:01.119
 by what we

00:52:01.119 --> 00:52:01.519
 would now call

00:52:01.519 --> 00:52:02.319
 genetics I

00:52:02.319 --> 00:52:02.539
 suppose

00:52:02.539 --> 00:52:03.339
 cattle breeding

00:52:03.339 --> 00:52:03.839
 these kind of

00:52:03.839 --> 00:52:03.980
 things

00:52:03.980 --> 00:52:04.500
 he had this

00:52:04.500 --> 00:52:05.419
 scientific mind

00:52:05.419 --> 00:52:06.899
 and was very

00:52:06.899 --> 00:52:07.679
 very interested

00:52:07.679 --> 00:52:09.559
 in the kind

00:52:09.559 --> 00:52:09.940
 of thing

00:52:09.940 --> 00:52:10.639
 kind of questions

00:52:10.639 --> 00:52:11.259
 that evolution

00:52:11.259 --> 00:52:11.819
 was throwing

00:52:11.819 --> 00:52:12.119
 up

00:52:12.119 --> 00:52:14.019
 Warfield's always

00:52:14.019 --> 00:52:14.399
 going to be the

00:52:14.399 --> 00:52:15.019
 big one in the

00:52:15.019 --> 00:52:15.559
 debates that are

00:52:15.559 --> 00:52:16.159
 emerging at the

00:52:16.159 --> 00:52:16.679
 moment over

00:52:16.679 --> 00:52:17.319
 evolution in the

00:52:17.319 --> 00:52:18.119
 Presbyterian church

00:52:18.119 --> 00:52:18.980
 over in the

00:52:18.980 --> 00:52:19.279
 states

00:52:19.279 --> 00:52:20.419
 Warfield's always

00:52:20.419 --> 00:52:20.819
 going to be the

00:52:20.819 --> 00:52:21.699
 guy that the

00:52:21.699 --> 00:52:22.379
 guys on the

00:52:22.379 --> 00:52:23.839
 left bring out

00:52:23.839 --> 00:52:25.119
 as part of their

00:52:25.119 --> 00:52:26.299
 arguments so the

00:52:26.300 --> 00:52:27.100
 Warfield question

00:52:27.100 --> 00:52:27.680
 is not an

00:52:27.680 --> 00:52:28.680
 insignificant one

00:52:28.680 --> 00:52:29.780
 in terms of

00:52:29.780 --> 00:52:30.320
 what's going on

00:52:30.320 --> 00:52:30.800
 in the church

00:52:30.800 --> 00:52:32.039
 today we don't

00:52:32.039 --> 00:52:32.720
 subscribe to

00:52:32.720 --> 00:52:34.480
 Warfield but if

00:52:34.480 --> 00:52:35.160
 he was a full

00:52:35.160 --> 00:52:36.260
 blooded evolutionist

00:52:36.260 --> 00:52:36.980
 then that is

00:52:36.980 --> 00:52:38.380
 quite significant

00:52:38.380 --> 00:52:42.220
 I re-read his

00:52:42.220 --> 00:52:43.579
 sermon on the

00:52:43.579 --> 00:52:44.579
 prodigal son

00:52:44.579 --> 00:52:45.500
 just recently

00:52:45.500 --> 00:52:46.400
 that's an amazing

00:52:46.400 --> 00:52:46.619
 person

00:52:46.619 --> 00:52:47.559
 suddenly recognised

00:52:47.559 --> 00:52:48.059
 where Tim

00:52:48.059 --> 00:52:48.940
 Keller gets his

00:52:48.940 --> 00:52:49.300
 tongue

00:52:49.300 --> 00:52:52.160
 I might be wrong

00:52:52.160 --> 00:52:54.680
 I was quite

00:52:54.680 --> 00:52:55.300
 talking about your

00:52:55.300 --> 00:52:55.980
 passing comment

00:52:55.980 --> 00:52:57.500
 about Warfield

00:52:57.500 --> 00:52:58.160
 saying a podge

00:52:58.160 --> 00:52:58.599
 that he knew

00:52:58.599 --> 00:52:59.280
 how to make a

00:52:59.280 --> 00:52:59.880
 young man think

00:52:59.880 --> 00:53:00.900
 in terms of

00:53:00.900 --> 00:53:03.019
 practically in our

00:53:03.019 --> 00:53:04.380
 churches how can

00:53:04.380 --> 00:53:04.900
 we get our young

00:53:04.900 --> 00:53:05.460
 boys to think

00:53:05.460 --> 00:53:10.420
 well in a world

00:53:10.420 --> 00:53:10.800
 of you can

00:53:10.800 --> 00:53:11.639
 shut down their

00:53:11.639 --> 00:53:12.059
 Twitter and

00:53:12.059 --> 00:53:12.880
 Facebook accounts

00:53:12.880 --> 00:53:13.240
 so they've got

00:53:13.240 --> 00:53:13.880
 more time to

00:53:13.880 --> 00:53:14.079
 think

00:53:14.079 --> 00:53:15.880
 that would be

00:53:15.880 --> 00:53:16.720
 my first move

00:53:16.720 --> 00:53:20.260
 I suppose it's

00:53:20.260 --> 00:53:21.000
 I'm in a rather

00:53:21.000 --> 00:53:22.699
 privileged position

00:53:22.699 --> 00:53:23.720
 at any given

00:53:23.720 --> 00:53:24.460
 point in time in

00:53:24.460 --> 00:53:25.059
 our church we've

00:53:25.059 --> 00:53:25.880
 got four or five

00:53:25.880 --> 00:53:26.740
 seminary students

00:53:26.740 --> 00:53:28.159
 and they're

00:53:28.159 --> 00:53:28.619
 I would say

00:53:28.619 --> 00:53:29.199
 they're paid to

00:53:29.199 --> 00:53:29.659
 think they're

00:53:29.659 --> 00:53:30.599
 paying to think

00:53:30.599 --> 00:53:31.139
 would be the way

00:53:31.139 --> 00:53:32.599
 to put it

00:53:32.599 --> 00:53:34.000
 what I've tried

00:53:34.000 --> 00:53:35.360
 to do I saw

00:53:35.360 --> 00:53:35.980
 a video with

00:53:35.980 --> 00:53:36.679
 Mark Dever

00:53:36.679 --> 00:53:38.920
 having sort of

00:53:38.920 --> 00:53:39.719
 gently rubbished

00:53:39.719 --> 00:53:41.199
 Mark earlier

00:53:41.199 --> 00:53:42.259
 let's say something

00:53:42.259 --> 00:53:42.980
 really nice about

00:53:42.980 --> 00:53:44.079
 him I saw a

00:53:44.079 --> 00:53:44.739
 video with Mark

00:53:44.739 --> 00:53:46.139
 Dever where he

00:53:46.139 --> 00:53:46.940
 talks about

00:53:46.940 --> 00:53:48.239
 giving away free

00:53:48.239 --> 00:53:49.199
 books to the

00:53:49.199 --> 00:53:49.559
 congregation

00:53:49.559 --> 00:53:51.420
 and what I

00:53:51.420 --> 00:53:52.159
 started doing

00:53:52.159 --> 00:53:53.420
 they budgeted a

00:53:53.420 --> 00:53:54.960
 year's salary for

00:53:54.960 --> 00:53:55.679
 me part time

00:53:55.679 --> 00:53:56.860
 salary forgetting

00:53:56.860 --> 00:53:57.699
 that I didn't

00:53:57.699 --> 00:53:58.279
 start until

00:53:58.279 --> 00:53:59.179
 August the 1st

00:53:59.179 --> 00:53:59.839
 and the church

00:53:59.839 --> 00:54:00.699
 budget year runs

00:54:00.699 --> 00:54:01.519
 from July to

00:54:01.519 --> 00:54:02.299
 the end of June

00:54:02.300 --> 00:54:03.140
 which meant I

00:54:03.140 --> 00:54:03.539
 got an extra

00:54:03.539 --> 00:54:04.080
 month's salary

00:54:04.080 --> 00:54:04.960
 budget this year

00:54:04.960 --> 00:54:05.500
 which they

00:54:05.500 --> 00:54:05.900
 weren't going to

00:54:05.900 --> 00:54:06.480
 give me because

00:54:06.480 --> 00:54:07.140
 I didn't do the

00:54:07.140 --> 00:54:07.800
 work for it

00:54:07.800 --> 00:54:09.340
 but I asked if

00:54:09.340 --> 00:54:10.320
 I could use that

00:54:10.320 --> 00:54:11.240
 month's salary to

00:54:11.240 --> 00:54:11.940
 buy books for the

00:54:11.940 --> 00:54:12.300
 congregation

00:54:12.300 --> 00:54:13.900
 so what I started

00:54:13.900 --> 00:54:14.760
 doing is once

00:54:14.760 --> 00:54:15.920
 one Sunday a month

00:54:15.920 --> 00:54:16.780
 I give away books

00:54:16.780 --> 00:54:17.500
 for the adults

00:54:17.500 --> 00:54:18.620
 so many students

00:54:18.620 --> 00:54:19.280
 are banned if they

00:54:19.280 --> 00:54:19.740
 want a copy

00:54:19.740 --> 00:54:20.160
 they have to speak

00:54:20.160 --> 00:54:20.780
 to me quietly

00:54:20.780 --> 00:54:21.780
 but the books I

00:54:21.780 --> 00:54:22.620
 buy there and

00:54:22.620 --> 00:54:23.039
 then have to be

00:54:23.039 --> 00:54:24.140
 given to members

00:54:24.140 --> 00:54:24.700
 of the congregation

00:54:24.700 --> 00:54:26.700
 and one Sunday a

00:54:26.700 --> 00:54:27.480
 month I buy books

00:54:27.480 --> 00:54:28.400
 for the kids

00:54:28.400 --> 00:54:29.100
 and I give them

00:54:29.100 --> 00:54:30.060
 away and the kids

00:54:30.060 --> 00:54:30.740
 have to draw me a

00:54:30.740 --> 00:54:31.420
 little picture which

00:54:31.420 --> 00:54:32.180
 I stick up on the

00:54:32.179 --> 00:54:33.339
 wall in my

00:54:33.339 --> 00:54:34.980
 office but that's

00:54:34.980 --> 00:54:35.859
 been my way of

00:54:35.859 --> 00:54:36.519
 trying to get

00:54:36.519 --> 00:54:37.519
 people to read

00:54:37.519 --> 00:54:38.480
 good stuff and

00:54:38.480 --> 00:54:39.359
 to think about it

00:54:39.359 --> 00:54:40.259
 and I say the

00:54:40.259 --> 00:54:41.039
 price you pay for

00:54:41.039 --> 00:54:41.460
 taking the book

00:54:41.460 --> 00:54:42.019
 from me is I

00:54:42.019 --> 00:54:42.739
 reserve the right

00:54:42.739 --> 00:54:44.379
 to jump on you

00:54:44.379 --> 00:54:45.019
 one Sunday and

00:54:45.019 --> 00:54:45.460
 say what do you

00:54:45.460 --> 00:54:45.839
 think of that

00:54:45.839 --> 00:54:47.599
 book so I've been

00:54:47.599 --> 00:54:48.460
 trying to carefully

00:54:48.460 --> 00:54:49.799
 select books that

00:54:49.799 --> 00:54:52.879
 I think will help

00:54:52.879 --> 00:54:53.599
 people to think

00:54:53.599 --> 00:54:54.179
 and interestingly

00:54:54.179 --> 00:54:55.579
 enough to begin

00:54:55.579 --> 00:54:56.119
 with I think people

00:54:56.119 --> 00:54:56.960
 were suspicious I

00:54:56.960 --> 00:54:57.519
 was having difficulty

00:54:57.519 --> 00:54:58.319
 giving away I was

00:54:58.319 --> 00:54:59.159
 saying nobody gives

00:54:59.159 --> 00:54:59.819
 away something for

00:54:59.820 --> 00:55:00.220
 nothing I think

00:55:00.220 --> 00:55:00.880
 it was that kind

00:55:00.880 --> 00:55:01.340
 of mentality

00:55:01.340 --> 00:55:02.580
 now I'm finding

00:55:02.580 --> 00:55:03.440
 I'm having to

00:55:03.440 --> 00:55:04.059
 buy a second

00:55:04.059 --> 00:55:04.740
 batch in because

00:55:04.740 --> 00:55:05.500
 I buy four

00:55:05.500 --> 00:55:06.440
 the four go and

00:55:06.440 --> 00:55:07.019
 other people say

00:55:07.019 --> 00:55:07.460
 can you get a

00:55:07.460 --> 00:55:07.820
 hold of the book

00:55:07.820 --> 00:55:09.059
 for me and I

00:55:09.059 --> 00:55:09.860
 talked to Mark

00:55:09.860 --> 00:55:10.480
 and how long did

00:55:10.480 --> 00:55:11.200
 it take for you

00:55:11.200 --> 00:55:11.800
 to really build

00:55:11.800 --> 00:55:12.200
 this culture

00:55:12.200 --> 00:55:12.500
 he said it

00:55:12.500 --> 00:55:12.940
 takes a couple

00:55:12.940 --> 00:55:14.640
 of years but I

00:55:14.640 --> 00:55:15.380
 think that's one

00:55:15.380 --> 00:55:16.200
 way of doing it

00:55:16.200 --> 00:55:17.100
 is to try to make

00:55:17.100 --> 00:55:17.840
 sure that there's

00:55:17.840 --> 00:55:18.480
 good literature

00:55:18.480 --> 00:55:19.640
 being put into

00:55:19.640 --> 00:55:20.220
 the hands of your

00:55:20.220 --> 00:55:21.260
 congregation it

00:55:21.260 --> 00:55:22.000
 takes money of

00:55:22.000 --> 00:55:23.580
 course and I'm a

00:55:23.580 --> 00:55:24.420
 part time salary

00:55:24.420 --> 00:55:25.180
 which means we've

00:55:25.180 --> 00:55:26.600
 got a bit of flex

00:55:26.600 --> 00:55:27.500
 financially that a

00:55:27.500 --> 00:55:28.019
 lot of churches

00:55:28.019 --> 00:55:29.259
 don't have and

00:55:29.259 --> 00:55:29.900
 also I can get a

00:55:29.900 --> 00:55:30.619
 pretty good deal

00:55:30.619 --> 00:55:31.480
 because both

00:55:31.480 --> 00:55:32.280
 bookstore managers

00:55:32.280 --> 00:55:32.980
 and members of my

00:55:32.980 --> 00:55:33.860
 congregation get a

00:55:33.860 --> 00:55:34.599
 pretty good deal

00:55:34.599 --> 00:55:35.559
 in the bookstore as

00:55:35.559 --> 00:55:36.800
 well but that's

00:55:36.800 --> 00:55:37.320
 the only thing that

00:55:37.320 --> 00:55:38.039
 I've done practically

00:55:38.039 --> 00:55:39.019
 to try to encourage

00:55:39.019 --> 00:55:40.820
 two weeks time I'm

00:55:40.820 --> 00:55:41.400
 giving away Jim

00:55:41.400 --> 00:55:42.280
 Packer's latest book

00:55:42.280 --> 00:55:42.840
 Taking God

00:55:42.840 --> 00:55:43.759
 Seriously it's not

00:55:43.759 --> 00:55:44.579
 heavy theology

00:55:44.579 --> 00:55:45.579
 so what would get

00:55:45.579 --> 00:55:46.159
 people thinking

00:55:46.159 --> 00:55:47.219
 what would be those

00:55:47.219 --> 00:55:47.820
 first books you gave

00:55:47.820 --> 00:55:47.960
 away?

00:55:48.320 --> 00:55:49.239
 I gave away Jim

00:55:49.239 --> 00:55:50.099
 Packer Evangelism and

00:55:50.099 --> 00:55:50.679
 The Sovereignty of

00:55:50.679 --> 00:55:51.880
 God I gave away

00:55:51.880 --> 00:55:53.159
 Rosaria Butterfield's

00:55:53.159 --> 00:55:54.159
 Unlikely Thoughts

00:55:54.159 --> 00:55:55.199
 Secret Thoughts of

00:55:55.199 --> 00:55:55.960
 and Unlikely Convo

00:55:55.960 --> 00:55:56.739
 which is not only her

00:55:56.739 --> 00:55:58.219
 testimony but also

00:55:58.219 --> 00:55:59.059
 gets people thinking

00:55:59.059 --> 00:56:00.099
 about sexuality and

00:56:00.099 --> 00:56:00.779
 gender in quite a

00:56:00.779 --> 00:56:01.439
 profound way

00:56:01.439 --> 00:56:03.479
 I've given away

00:56:03.479 --> 00:56:04.500
 Neil Tolson's book

00:56:04.500 --> 00:56:05.879
 recently This Is Love

00:56:05.879 --> 00:56:07.379
 which is a sort of

00:56:07.379 --> 00:56:08.399
 traces the doctrine

00:56:08.399 --> 00:56:09.019
 of God's love

00:56:09.019 --> 00:56:09.759
 throughout the Bible

00:56:09.759 --> 00:56:11.339
 P&R

00:56:11.339 --> 00:56:14.279
 and I'm doing Packer

00:56:14.279 --> 00:56:15.599
 I'm trying to buy

00:56:15.599 --> 00:56:16.519
 books that I think

00:56:16.519 --> 00:56:18.199
 will touch on issues

00:56:18.199 --> 00:56:19.159
 that people are

00:56:19.159 --> 00:56:20.419
 wrestling with

00:56:20.419 --> 00:56:21.439
 and are well written

00:56:21.439 --> 00:56:22.579
 I'm not going to

00:56:22.579 --> 00:56:23.099
 give them anything

00:56:23.099 --> 00:56:23.599
 where the first

00:56:23.599 --> 00:56:24.419
 paragraph is

00:56:24.419 --> 00:56:25.119
 Jim and Jane

00:56:25.119 --> 00:56:26.099
 sat on the sofa

00:56:26.099 --> 00:56:27.059
 once they'd been

00:56:27.059 --> 00:56:27.460
 in love

00:56:27.460 --> 00:56:28.079
 now a great

00:56:28.079 --> 00:56:28.659
 distance that

00:56:28.659 --> 00:56:29.279
 opened up the

00:56:29.279 --> 00:56:29.460
 tree

00:56:29.460 --> 00:56:30.319
 I don't give

00:56:30.319 --> 00:56:30.779
 that sound

00:56:30.779 --> 00:56:31.799
 I don't give

00:56:31.799 --> 00:56:32.079
 a way of

00:56:32.079 --> 00:56:32.380
 sovereignty

00:56:32.380 --> 00:56:33.139
 well written

00:56:33.139 --> 00:56:33.519
 and thought

00:56:33.519 --> 00:56:33.980
 provoking

00:56:33.980 --> 00:56:35.360
 Evangelism and

00:56:35.360 --> 00:56:35.819
 The Sovereignty

00:56:35.819 --> 00:56:36.139
 of God

00:56:36.139 --> 00:56:37.019
 I still don't

00:56:37.019 --> 00:56:37.739
 know of any

00:56:37.739 --> 00:56:39.440
 book that in

00:56:39.440 --> 00:56:40.960
 simple but in

00:56:40.960 --> 00:56:42.119
 profound ways

00:56:42.119 --> 00:56:43.079
 wrestles with that

00:56:43.079 --> 00:56:43.799
 question that

00:56:43.799 --> 00:56:45.139
 everybody in a

00:56:45.139 --> 00:56:45.819
 Calvinistic church

00:56:45.819 --> 00:56:46.079
 is going to

00:56:46.079 --> 00:56:46.559
 wrestle with at

00:56:46.559 --> 00:56:46.960
 some point

00:56:46.960 --> 00:56:47.460
 if God is

00:56:47.460 --> 00:56:48.279
 sovereign why do

00:56:48.279 --> 00:56:49.119
 we do evangelism

00:56:49.119 --> 00:56:50.319
 I think Jim

00:56:50.319 --> 00:56:51.039
 Packer really

00:56:51.039 --> 00:56:51.739
 nails it

00:56:51.739 --> 00:56:53.259
 and it's

00:56:53.259 --> 00:56:53.759
 amazing how

00:56:53.759 --> 00:56:54.239
 often you get

00:56:54.239 --> 00:56:54.639
 asked that

00:56:54.639 --> 00:56:55.239
 question and

00:56:55.239 --> 00:56:55.759
 it's great to

00:56:55.759 --> 00:56:56.079
 be able to

00:56:56.079 --> 00:56:56.539
 put a book

00:56:56.539 --> 00:56:57.019
 in people's

00:56:57.019 --> 00:56:57.359
 hands

00:56:57.359 --> 00:56:59.759
 will you make

00:56:59.759 --> 00:57:01.459
 available a list

00:57:01.459 --> 00:57:02.679
 of books you

00:57:02.679 --> 00:57:03.199
 give for the

00:57:03.199 --> 00:57:03.879
 adults and

00:57:03.879 --> 00:57:04.439
 children

00:57:04.439 --> 00:57:05.319
 I can certainly

00:57:05.319 --> 00:57:06.199
 send me an email

00:57:06.199 --> 00:57:07.179
 Joe I'll send

00:57:07.179 --> 00:57:08.359
 you what I've

00:57:08.359 --> 00:57:11.379
 done and I try

00:57:11.379 --> 00:57:12.000
 to make it a mix

00:57:12.000 --> 00:57:12.899
 of classics and

00:57:12.899 --> 00:57:13.479
 stuff that's

00:57:13.479 --> 00:57:14.039
 coming out

00:57:14.039 --> 00:57:15.000
 contemporary stuff

00:57:15.000 --> 00:57:15.939
 as well

00:57:15.940 --> 00:57:20.840
 sure so Paul

00:57:20.840 --> 00:57:21.400
 can read some

00:57:21.400 --> 00:57:21.940
 books and

00:57:21.940 --> 00:57:22.700
 learn some

00:57:22.700 --> 00:57:23.000
 stuff

00:57:23.000 --> 00:57:24.139
 great

00:57:24.139 --> 00:57:26.220
 well thank

00:57:26.220 --> 00:57:26.740
 you very very

00:57:26.740 --> 00:57:27.139
 much Carl

00:57:27.139 --> 00:57:27.380
 thanks

00:57:27.380 --> 00:57:29.260
 I've got a

00:57:29.260 --> 00:57:29.599
 very busy

00:57:29.599 --> 00:57:30.220
 schedule and

00:57:30.220 --> 00:57:30.880
 we do really

00:57:30.880 --> 00:57:31.880
 appreciate you

00:57:31.880 --> 00:57:32.760
 I'll be back in

00:57:32.760 --> 00:57:33.440
 London tomorrow