WEBVTT

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 All right.

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 All right.

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 Well, it was on the 25th of April, 1638, the Sabbath,

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 that a party of newly arrived pilgrims

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 gathered beneath the spreading boughs of a giant oak,

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 a spot which would later become the corner of College and George Street.

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 No doubt you know it here in New Haven.

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 Well, they blessed their God for his great mercies upon them hitherto

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 and entreated his sustaining aid in the realizing of their great errand,

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 as they called it.

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 There were two ministers on board in their company.

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 The first was John Davenport.

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 There he is, a fellow in the black with a collar.

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 However, he held forth in the morning upon the text,

00:01:02.979 --> 00:01:07.259
 Jesus was led up of the Spirit into the wilderness.

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 The second was Peter Pruden.

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 His charge was the afternoon charge.

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 And he held forth from the verse,

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 the voice of one crying in the wilderness.

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 Clearly, they were in agreement as to where they were.

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 This was the wilderness for them.

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 So, who were these first pilgrim settlers to New Haven?

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 And what was their errand in the wilderness?

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 What dreams were in their breasts

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 which drove them to leave hearth and home,

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 kith and kin,

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 in their beloved old England,

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 and endure the perils of the sea,

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 the privations of a wilderness,

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 from bitter winters and wild beasts

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 to the potential hostility of the natives?

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 Well, our first forefathers and mothers,

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 for there were many brave women among them,

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 who gathered under the shelter of that oak

00:02:06.520 --> 00:02:08.460
 that Sabbath in 1638,

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 in the beginnings of New Haven,

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 were Puritans.

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 And to understand their passions and their hopes,

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 we must go back to old England

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 and the period of Reformation

00:02:21.460 --> 00:02:23.620
 in which they were bred.

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 So, who were the Puritans?

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 Well, in Europe,

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 at the time of the Reformation,

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 sovereigns of state

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 were profoundly involved

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 in the religions of their land.

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 Indeed, without exception,

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 religious beliefs and practice

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 were governed and established

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 by king, prince, and parliament.

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 So, the story of the Reformation in England

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 is not simply, what was that,

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 not simply a tale of the spread of gospel.

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 Would help me to have a little bit more...

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 Is that all right?

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 Just so I can see these notes.

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 It's completely...

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 But I could make this stuff up,

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 but it'll have a better ring

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 if I bother to read.

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 So, the story of the Reformation in England

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 is, thank you,

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 is not simply a tale of the spread

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 of gospel conviction

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 as the scriptures,

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 freshly translated by William Tyndale,

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 made its impact among the people.

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 It's also the story

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 of kings and queens

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 shaping creed and worship

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 by means of law

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 and edict

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 that were police-enforced,

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 in fact.

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 So, here we go.

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 Oh, there was John Davenport.

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 There's another picture of him.

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 Let me see if I...

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 Nah, here we go.

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 King Hal.

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 And really,

00:03:51.900 --> 00:03:53.800
 in that regard,

00:03:53.900 --> 00:03:54.960
 the story begins

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 with the much-married

00:03:56.780 --> 00:03:57.719
 Henry VIII

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 who first broke with Rome

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 rejecting leadership

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 of the Church of England,

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 rejecting Rome's leadership

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 of the Church of England,

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 and substituting

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 his own royal self

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 as head of the Church.

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 But in contrast to Luther,

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 King Henry VIII

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 had very little quibble

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 with the teachings

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 of Roman Catholicism.

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 Indeed, he was awarded

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 the title

00:04:23.560 --> 00:04:25.180
 from the Pope himself,

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 Fide Defensor,

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 or Defender of the Faith,

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 for his writings against Luther.

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 And indeed,

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 Fide Defensor

00:04:32.180 --> 00:04:32.860
 still remains

00:04:32.860 --> 00:04:34.600
 on the English coinage today.

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 So, under King Henry VIII,

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 the Church remained Catholic.

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 It simply ceased

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 to be Roman Catholic

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 in that sense,

00:04:43.920 --> 00:04:44.819
 as Thomas Hooker,

00:04:45.240 --> 00:04:46.300
 later that Puritan

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 of Connecticut,

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 would put it.

00:04:48.080 --> 00:04:49.060
 Henry's mistake

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 was that he cut off

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 the head of potpourri,

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 but he left the body of it

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 within his realm.

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 Okay.

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 So, during the brief reign

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 of Henry's son,

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 Edward VI,

00:05:07.920 --> 00:05:09.820
 England moved closer

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 to the Reformation churches

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 on the continent.

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 Archbishop of Canterbury,

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 Thomas Cramner,

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 established contacts

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 with John Calvin

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 and Luther's lieutenant,

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 Philip Melanchthon,

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 and brought over to England

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 two of the principal

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 Reformation leaders,

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 Peter Martyr Vermilli

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 and Martin Busser,

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 to assume chief teaching posts

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 at Oxford and Cambridge

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 universities

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 to train up

00:05:38.079 --> 00:05:39.019
 the next generation

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 of ministers

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 for the Church of England.

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 And their influence

00:05:42.239 --> 00:05:43.099
 was profound.

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 But,

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 alas,

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 short-lived

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 for their Protestant-leaning

00:05:49.460 --> 00:05:50.620
 royal patron,

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 died young,

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 and was succeeded

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 by his half-sister,

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 Mary.

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 There she is.

00:05:59.520 --> 00:06:01.080
 What an expression.

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 Now,

00:06:04.139 --> 00:06:06.540
 Mary was a vehement

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 Roman Catholic

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 and determined

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 to reverse

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 any Reformation gains

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 in England.

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 So,

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 history would add

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 to her name

00:06:16.759 --> 00:06:17.620
 the epithet

00:06:17.620 --> 00:06:18.340
 bloody,

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 for in her brief

00:06:20.259 --> 00:06:21.500
 reign of terror,

00:06:21.660 --> 00:06:23.459
 1553 to 1558,

00:06:23.980 --> 00:06:24.939
 she blackened

00:06:24.939 --> 00:06:25.819
 the skies

00:06:25.819 --> 00:06:27.000
 with the smoke

00:06:27.000 --> 00:06:28.780
 from the burning flesh

00:06:28.780 --> 00:06:30.360
 of unrecanting

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 Protestants.

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 There we go.

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 300

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 fed

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 the flames.

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 800

00:06:39.959 --> 00:06:41.220
 fled the country

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 to escape

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 that fiery fate

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 and to keep

00:06:43.840 --> 00:06:44.879
 the cause alive

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 in exile.

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 And Fox's

00:06:46.660 --> 00:06:47.580
 Book of Martyrs

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 gains much

00:06:48.439 --> 00:06:49.220
 of its material

00:06:49.220 --> 00:06:50.160
 from those

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 crying days.

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 If

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 Bloody Mary

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 was convincingly

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 cast as

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 Jezebel

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 by the godly,

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 her successor

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 and half-sister,

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 Queen Elizabeth

00:07:07.400 --> 00:07:08.400
 I,

00:07:09.300 --> 00:07:10.000
 was

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 hailed

00:07:11.339 --> 00:07:11.839
 in her

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 coronation

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 among the

00:07:13.139 --> 00:07:13.719
 Protestants

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 in exile

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 and in hiding

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 as the

00:07:16.560 --> 00:07:17.439
 new Deborah.

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 Very,

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 very hopeful.

00:07:20.000 --> 00:07:20.739
 She restored

00:07:20.739 --> 00:07:22.039
 the Reformed

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 faith to the

00:07:22.919 --> 00:07:23.219
 realm

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 and staffed

00:07:24.379 --> 00:07:25.060
 her church

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 with the

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 returning

00:07:26.060 --> 00:07:26.799
 exiles.

00:07:27.620 --> 00:07:28.659
 But these

00:07:28.659 --> 00:07:29.399
 returning

00:07:29.399 --> 00:07:30.219
 exiles

00:07:30.219 --> 00:07:31.500
 had tasted

00:07:31.500 --> 00:07:32.239
 the fruit

00:07:32.239 --> 00:07:33.319
 of the best

00:07:33.319 --> 00:07:33.719
 of the

00:07:33.719 --> 00:07:34.219
 Reformation

00:07:34.219 --> 00:07:34.759
 churches

00:07:34.759 --> 00:07:35.139
 on the

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 continent.

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 Geneva,

00:07:37.299 --> 00:07:37.919
 Zurich,

00:07:38.319 --> 00:07:39.019
 Strasbourg,

00:07:39.019 --> 00:07:40.259
 and Frankfurt.

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 As one

00:07:41.919 --> 00:07:43.319
 exile expressed

00:07:43.319 --> 00:07:44.159
 his enthusiasm

00:07:44.159 --> 00:07:44.740
 for the

00:07:44.740 --> 00:07:45.199
 church in

00:07:45.199 --> 00:07:45.579
 Geneva,

00:07:46.159 --> 00:07:46.599
 he called

00:07:46.599 --> 00:07:46.859
 it the

00:07:46.859 --> 00:07:47.859
 most perfect

00:07:47.859 --> 00:07:48.659
 school of

00:07:48.659 --> 00:07:49.939
 Christ since

00:07:49.939 --> 00:07:50.519
 the day of

00:07:50.519 --> 00:07:51.319
 the Apostles.

00:07:52.779 --> 00:07:53.439
 Thus,

00:07:53.879 --> 00:07:54.639
 the Reformed

00:07:54.639 --> 00:07:55.319
 churches on

00:07:55.319 --> 00:07:55.779
 the continent

00:07:55.779 --> 00:07:56.699
 shaped their

00:07:56.699 --> 00:07:57.819
 hopes for

00:07:57.819 --> 00:07:58.240
 the Church

00:07:58.240 --> 00:07:58.680
 of England.

00:07:59.519 --> 00:08:00.000
 But,

00:08:00.479 --> 00:08:01.419
 these bright

00:08:01.419 --> 00:08:02.500
 and blessed

00:08:02.500 --> 00:08:03.240
 hopes were

00:08:03.240 --> 00:08:04.399
 soon blighted.

00:08:05.120 --> 00:08:06.120
 For headstrong

00:08:06.120 --> 00:08:06.680
 Elizabeth,

00:08:07.360 --> 00:08:07.980
 did not

00:08:07.980 --> 00:08:08.899
 shy from

00:08:08.899 --> 00:08:09.600
 exercising

00:08:09.600 --> 00:08:10.420
 her role

00:08:10.420 --> 00:08:11.259
 as head

00:08:11.259 --> 00:08:11.819
 of the

00:08:11.819 --> 00:08:12.199
 church,

00:08:12.420 --> 00:08:13.500
 and determined

00:08:13.500 --> 00:08:14.199
 that a

00:08:14.199 --> 00:08:15.379
 via media,

00:08:15.860 --> 00:08:16.319
 a middle

00:08:16.319 --> 00:08:16.860
 way,

00:08:17.360 --> 00:08:17.819
 would be the

00:08:17.819 --> 00:08:18.379
 path the

00:08:18.379 --> 00:08:18.740
 Church of

00:08:18.740 --> 00:08:19.240
 England would

00:08:19.240 --> 00:08:19.720
 tread,

00:08:20.120 --> 00:08:21.300
 and tread

00:08:21.300 --> 00:08:22.300
 in lock

00:08:22.300 --> 00:08:22.840
 step,

00:08:23.319 --> 00:08:24.079
 in utter

00:08:24.079 --> 00:08:26.040
 and uncompromising

00:08:26.040 --> 00:08:27.139
 conformity.

00:08:28.040 --> 00:08:28.939
 Such was

00:08:28.939 --> 00:08:30.740
 the Elizabethan

00:08:30.740 --> 00:08:31.459
 settlement,

00:08:32.120 --> 00:08:32.779
 and it

00:08:32.779 --> 00:08:34.180
 proved exceedingly

00:08:34.179 --> 00:08:36.000
 unsettling to

00:08:36.000 --> 00:08:36.559
 many a

00:08:36.559 --> 00:08:37.039
 Protestant,

00:08:37.239 --> 00:08:37.979
 committed to

00:08:37.979 --> 00:08:38.659
 thorough

00:08:38.659 --> 00:08:39.259
 biblical

00:08:39.259 --> 00:08:40.599
 reformation of

00:08:40.599 --> 00:08:41.120
 the Church.

00:08:42.079 --> 00:08:43.339
 For Elizabeth's

00:08:43.339 --> 00:08:44.159
 efforts to

00:08:44.159 --> 00:08:44.839
 accommodate,

00:08:45.620 --> 00:08:46.139
 remember she

00:08:46.139 --> 00:08:46.579
 lived in a

00:08:46.579 --> 00:08:46.939
 realm in

00:08:46.939 --> 00:08:47.239
 which there

00:08:47.239 --> 00:08:47.699
 were many

00:08:47.699 --> 00:08:48.299
 Protestants

00:08:48.299 --> 00:08:48.759
 and many

00:08:48.759 --> 00:08:49.259
 Catholics,

00:08:49.819 --> 00:08:51.000
 it involved

00:08:51.000 --> 00:08:52.039
 a strange

00:08:52.039 --> 00:08:52.799
 hybrid

00:08:52.799 --> 00:08:53.620
 compromise

00:08:53.620 --> 00:08:54.239
 of

00:08:54.239 --> 00:08:55.339
 Protestant

00:08:55.339 --> 00:08:56.199
 doctrine.

00:08:56.620 --> 00:08:57.239
 That's what

00:08:57.239 --> 00:08:57.779
 the Protestants

00:08:57.779 --> 00:08:58.059
 are going to

00:08:58.059 --> 00:08:58.719
 really care about,

00:08:58.779 --> 00:08:59.039
 they're going to

00:08:59.039 --> 00:08:59.679
 really care about

00:08:59.679 --> 00:09:00.099
 doctrines,

00:09:00.139 --> 00:09:00.539
 let's give

00:09:00.539 --> 00:09:01.099
 them the

00:09:01.099 --> 00:09:01.559
 doctrine,

00:09:02.379 --> 00:09:03.019
 but we'll

00:09:03.019 --> 00:09:03.419
 give the

00:09:03.419 --> 00:09:04.279
 Catholics the

00:09:04.279 --> 00:09:04.819
 ritual,

00:09:05.059 --> 00:09:05.519
 needs to

00:09:05.519 --> 00:09:07.079
 appear like

00:09:07.079 --> 00:09:07.599
 it used to

00:09:07.599 --> 00:09:07.919
 be for

00:09:07.919 --> 00:09:08.179
 them,

00:09:08.259 --> 00:09:08.620
 so that's

00:09:08.620 --> 00:09:08.899
 how we'll

00:09:08.899 --> 00:09:09.360
 do this.

00:09:10.379 --> 00:09:11.019
 So you

00:09:11.019 --> 00:09:11.679
 combine in

00:09:11.679 --> 00:09:12.240
 the Church

00:09:12.240 --> 00:09:12.439
 of England

00:09:12.439 --> 00:09:12.759
 services,

00:09:13.199 --> 00:09:13.559
 Catholic

00:09:13.559 --> 00:09:14.659
 ritual with

00:09:14.659 --> 00:09:15.159
 Protestant

00:09:15.159 --> 00:09:15.959
 doctrine.

00:09:16.179 --> 00:09:16.419
 Well,

00:09:16.599 --> 00:09:17.120
 in the

00:09:17.120 --> 00:09:17.699
 minds of

00:09:17.699 --> 00:09:18.139
 many of

00:09:18.139 --> 00:09:18.259
 the

00:09:18.259 --> 00:09:18.799
 Reformation

00:09:18.799 --> 00:09:19.360
 folk,

00:09:19.699 --> 00:09:20.639
 this royally

00:09:20.639 --> 00:09:21.299
 sanctioned

00:09:21.299 --> 00:09:21.699
 Church of

00:09:21.699 --> 00:09:21.959
 England

00:09:21.959 --> 00:09:22.959
 represented a

00:09:22.959 --> 00:09:23.979
 very unhappy

00:09:23.979 --> 00:09:24.699
 compound,

00:09:25.379 --> 00:09:26.479
 a potpourri,

00:09:26.599 --> 00:09:27.259
 if you will,

00:09:27.360 --> 00:09:28.139
 of potpourri

00:09:28.139 --> 00:09:28.939
 and gospel.

00:09:29.240 --> 00:09:29.679
 Sorry.

00:09:30.799 --> 00:09:31.459
 And as

00:09:31.460 --> 00:09:32.019
 such,

00:09:32.620 --> 00:09:33.200
 woefully

00:09:33.200 --> 00:09:34.780
 inadequate for

00:09:34.780 --> 00:09:35.040
 their

00:09:35.040 --> 00:09:35.860
 consciences,

00:09:36.360 --> 00:09:36.960
 were very

00:09:36.960 --> 00:09:38.280
 ill-disposed

00:09:38.280 --> 00:09:39.280
 to half

00:09:39.280 --> 00:09:40.320
 measures in

00:09:40.320 --> 00:09:40.840
 God's

00:09:40.840 --> 00:09:41.280
 causes.

00:09:41.759 --> 00:09:42.100
 How can

00:09:42.100 --> 00:09:42.440
 we have

00:09:42.440 --> 00:09:43.180
 half measures

00:09:43.180 --> 00:09:44.040
 in God's

00:09:44.040 --> 00:09:44.460
 causes?

00:09:44.920 --> 00:09:45.580
 As one

00:09:45.580 --> 00:09:46.080
 wrote to

00:09:46.080 --> 00:09:46.560
 the Queen,

00:09:47.480 --> 00:09:48.200
 the spelling

00:09:48.200 --> 00:09:48.700
 is certainly

00:09:48.700 --> 00:09:49.280
 unorthodox

00:09:49.280 --> 00:09:49.580
 here, I'll

00:09:49.580 --> 00:09:49.920
 try to read

00:09:49.920 --> 00:09:50.259
 it well,

00:09:50.680 --> 00:09:51.519
 your majesty

00:09:51.519 --> 00:09:52.220
 hath so

00:09:52.220 --> 00:09:53.240
 insufficiently

00:09:53.240 --> 00:09:53.639
 heard,

00:09:54.100 --> 00:09:54.500
 believed,

00:09:54.639 --> 00:09:55.040
 and taken

00:09:55.040 --> 00:09:55.680
 to heart

00:09:55.680 --> 00:09:56.620
 what God

00:09:56.620 --> 00:09:57.420
 hath commanded

00:09:57.420 --> 00:09:57.800
 you,

00:09:58.000 --> 00:09:58.500
 and so

00:09:58.500 --> 00:09:59.480
 weakly and

00:09:59.480 --> 00:10:00.860
 coldly obeyed

00:10:00.860 --> 00:10:01.320
 and followed

00:10:01.320 --> 00:10:01.960
 the same,

00:10:02.639 --> 00:10:03.159
 that but

00:10:03.159 --> 00:10:04.600
 halfly by

00:10:04.600 --> 00:10:05.340
 your majesty

00:10:05.340 --> 00:10:06.139
 hath God

00:10:06.139 --> 00:10:06.680
 been honored,

00:10:07.100 --> 00:10:07.600
 his church

00:10:07.600 --> 00:10:08.240
 reformed and

00:10:08.240 --> 00:10:08.840
 established,

00:10:09.159 --> 00:10:09.580
 the people

00:10:09.580 --> 00:10:10.180
 taught and

00:10:10.180 --> 00:10:10.639
 comforted,

00:10:10.840 --> 00:10:11.320
 his enemies

00:10:11.320 --> 00:10:12.500
 rejected and

00:10:12.500 --> 00:10:13.100
 subdued,

00:10:13.340 --> 00:10:13.800
 and his

00:10:13.800 --> 00:10:14.759
 lawbreakers

00:10:14.759 --> 00:10:15.320
 punished.

00:10:16.320 --> 00:10:17.379
 So what

00:10:17.379 --> 00:10:18.360
 were some

00:10:18.360 --> 00:10:19.460
 of these,

00:10:19.720 --> 00:10:20.100
 what they

00:10:20.100 --> 00:10:20.399
 called

00:10:20.399 --> 00:10:20.920
 popish

00:10:20.920 --> 00:10:21.500
 remnants

00:10:21.500 --> 00:10:23.000
 that indeed

00:10:23.000 --> 00:10:23.680
 needed to be

00:10:23.680 --> 00:10:24.379
 purged in

00:10:24.379 --> 00:10:24.899
 the minds

00:10:24.899 --> 00:10:25.200
 of the

00:10:25.200 --> 00:10:25.720
 Puritans?

00:10:25.720 --> 00:10:27.000
 Well, they

00:10:27.000 --> 00:10:27.600
 did not

00:10:27.600 --> 00:10:28.820
 like the

00:10:28.820 --> 00:10:29.759
 vestments,

00:10:30.040 --> 00:10:30.720
 the clothing,

00:10:30.840 --> 00:10:31.379
 the apparel

00:10:31.379 --> 00:10:32.440
 that ministers

00:10:32.440 --> 00:10:33.379
 were required

00:10:33.379 --> 00:10:34.160
 to wear,

00:10:34.519 --> 00:10:35.019
 for these

00:10:35.019 --> 00:10:36.019
 carried over

00:10:36.019 --> 00:10:36.680
 from Roman

00:10:36.680 --> 00:10:37.680
 Catholic

00:10:37.680 --> 00:10:38.379
 conviction,

00:10:38.779 --> 00:10:39.639
 which modeled

00:10:39.639 --> 00:10:40.440
 the attire

00:10:40.440 --> 00:10:40.960
 of the

00:10:40.960 --> 00:10:41.620
 priests on

00:10:41.620 --> 00:10:42.440
 the Levitical

00:10:42.440 --> 00:10:43.100
 priesthood.

00:10:43.759 --> 00:10:44.800
 As appropriate,

00:10:45.259 --> 00:10:46.139
 it was thought

00:10:46.139 --> 00:10:46.940
 and it was

00:10:46.940 --> 00:10:48.340
 urged for a

00:10:48.340 --> 00:10:49.540
 priestly caste

00:10:49.540 --> 00:10:50.080
 as they

00:10:50.080 --> 00:10:50.660
 continued,

00:10:50.840 --> 00:10:51.220
 like their

00:10:51.220 --> 00:10:51.759
 Levitical

00:10:51.759 --> 00:10:52.600
 forebearers,

00:10:52.600 --> 00:10:53.420
 to offer

00:10:53.420 --> 00:10:54.480
 sacrifice,

00:10:55.040 --> 00:10:55.460
 that is,

00:10:55.460 --> 00:10:56.280
 the sacrifice

00:10:56.280 --> 00:10:56.560
 of the

00:10:56.560 --> 00:10:56.920
 body of

00:10:56.920 --> 00:10:57.680
 Christ in

00:10:57.680 --> 00:10:58.240
 the mass.

00:10:58.300 --> 00:10:58.500
 So you

00:10:58.500 --> 00:10:58.860
 see how

00:10:58.860 --> 00:10:59.400
 the apparel

00:10:59.400 --> 00:11:00.460
 matched this

00:11:00.460 --> 00:11:01.540
 doctrine that

00:11:01.540 --> 00:11:02.460
 they had of

00:11:02.460 --> 00:11:03.139
 the mass being

00:11:03.139 --> 00:11:03.780
 a sacrifice

00:11:03.780 --> 00:11:04.440
 of the body

00:11:04.440 --> 00:11:04.980
 of Christ.

00:11:05.759 --> 00:11:06.139
 And the

00:11:06.139 --> 00:11:06.480
 Puritans

00:11:06.480 --> 00:11:06.740
 thought,

00:11:07.259 --> 00:11:08.320
 why reinforce

00:11:08.320 --> 00:11:09.660
 in costume

00:11:09.660 --> 00:11:11.180
 a doctrine

00:11:11.180 --> 00:11:12.460
 we disbelieve?

00:11:12.820 --> 00:11:13.019
 Yea,

00:11:13.139 --> 00:11:14.220
 find abhorrent.

00:11:14.540 --> 00:11:14.980
 Why would

00:11:14.980 --> 00:11:15.660
 we do this?

00:11:17.040 --> 00:11:17.720
 Then there

00:11:17.720 --> 00:11:18.519
 were such

00:11:18.519 --> 00:11:19.980
 vestiges as

00:11:19.980 --> 00:11:21.160
 the observance

00:11:21.160 --> 00:11:21.680
 of saint

00:11:21.680 --> 00:11:22.240
 days,

00:11:22.360 --> 00:11:22.720
 so many

00:11:22.720 --> 00:11:23.460
 holidays or

00:11:23.460 --> 00:11:24.000
 holy days,

00:11:24.360 --> 00:11:25.180
 singing,

00:11:25.179 --> 00:11:27.339
 signing the

00:11:27.339 --> 00:11:28.199
 cross in

00:11:28.199 --> 00:11:29.239
 baptism and

00:11:29.239 --> 00:11:29.659
 addressing

00:11:29.659 --> 00:11:30.819
 questions to

00:11:30.819 --> 00:11:31.539
 the infant.

00:11:32.419 --> 00:11:32.779
 Well,

00:11:32.879 --> 00:11:33.239
 thought the

00:11:33.239 --> 00:11:33.620
 Puritans,

00:11:33.939 --> 00:11:34.459
 this was

00:11:34.459 --> 00:11:35.199
 simply

00:11:35.199 --> 00:11:36.279
 superstition

00:11:36.279 --> 00:11:37.359
 at best

00:11:37.359 --> 00:11:38.599
 and perhaps

00:11:38.599 --> 00:11:39.979
 incompatible

00:11:39.979 --> 00:11:41.319
 with scriptural

00:11:41.319 --> 00:11:41.699
 worship,

00:11:42.139 --> 00:11:43.319
 at least not

00:11:43.319 --> 00:11:44.099
 according to

00:11:44.099 --> 00:11:44.459
 scripture.

00:11:45.139 --> 00:11:46.159
 As John

00:11:46.159 --> 00:11:47.279
 Field wrote

00:11:47.279 --> 00:11:48.859
 of the

00:11:48.859 --> 00:11:49.279
 Book of

00:11:49.279 --> 00:11:49.979
 Common Prayer,

00:11:50.399 --> 00:11:51.019
 that was the

00:11:51.019 --> 00:11:52.299
 required text and

00:11:52.299 --> 00:11:52.899
 rubric for

00:11:52.899 --> 00:11:53.259
 worship,

00:11:53.259 --> 00:11:54.799
 it be an

00:11:54.799 --> 00:11:56.000
 imperfect book

00:11:56.000 --> 00:11:57.340
 called and

00:11:57.340 --> 00:11:58.240
 picked out of

00:11:58.240 --> 00:11:58.840
 the popish

00:11:58.840 --> 00:11:59.399
 dunghill,

00:11:59.879 --> 00:12:00.279
 the mass

00:12:00.279 --> 00:12:00.620
 book,

00:12:01.019 --> 00:12:01.700
 full of all

00:12:01.700 --> 00:12:02.559
 abominations,

00:12:03.000 --> 00:12:03.639
 for some of

00:12:03.639 --> 00:12:04.240
 the contents

00:12:04.240 --> 00:12:05.379
 therein be

00:12:05.379 --> 00:12:06.319
 such as are

00:12:06.319 --> 00:12:07.419
 against the

00:12:07.419 --> 00:12:08.139
 very word

00:12:08.139 --> 00:12:09.039
 of God.

00:12:09.039 --> 00:12:09.179
 puritan.

00:12:10.379 --> 00:12:11.639
 So it was

00:12:11.639 --> 00:12:13.519
 this passion

00:12:13.519 --> 00:12:15.240
 to purify

00:12:15.240 --> 00:12:16.120
 the worship

00:12:16.120 --> 00:12:16.599
 of the

00:12:16.599 --> 00:12:17.679
 church that

00:12:17.679 --> 00:12:18.419
 gained the

00:12:18.419 --> 00:12:19.539
 reforming party,

00:12:19.659 --> 00:12:20.459
 the epithet,

00:12:20.699 --> 00:12:21.259
 for it was

00:12:21.259 --> 00:12:22.299
 originally spoken

00:12:22.299 --> 00:12:23.719
 in derision by

00:12:23.719 --> 00:12:24.419
 their opponents,

00:12:25.019 --> 00:12:25.699
 Puritan,

00:12:26.240 --> 00:12:26.980
 would roll off

00:12:26.980 --> 00:12:27.579
 the tongue in

00:12:27.579 --> 00:12:28.139
 contempt,

00:12:28.500 --> 00:12:29.179
 Puritan,

00:12:29.659 --> 00:12:30.279
 you're trying to

00:12:30.279 --> 00:12:30.980
 purify the

00:12:30.980 --> 00:12:31.299
 church.

00:12:32.299 --> 00:12:33.179
 And indeed

00:12:33.179 --> 00:12:33.719
 they were,

00:12:34.059 --> 00:12:34.699
 as Bishop

00:12:34.699 --> 00:12:35.360
 John Jewell

00:12:35.360 --> 00:12:35.659
 wrote,

00:12:35.659 --> 00:12:36.959
 Now that the

00:12:36.959 --> 00:12:37.860
 full light of

00:12:37.860 --> 00:12:38.600
 the gospel

00:12:38.600 --> 00:12:39.819
 has shone

00:12:39.819 --> 00:12:40.639
 upon us,

00:12:40.939 --> 00:12:41.459
 the very

00:12:41.459 --> 00:12:42.419
 vestiges of

00:12:42.419 --> 00:12:43.379
 error must,

00:12:43.919 --> 00:12:45.019
 as far as

00:12:45.019 --> 00:12:45.699
 possible,

00:12:46.240 --> 00:12:47.519
 be removed.

00:12:48.019 --> 00:12:48.919
 Now notice,

00:12:49.319 --> 00:12:50.799
 as far as

00:12:50.799 --> 00:12:51.659
 possible.

00:12:52.659 --> 00:12:53.819
 For the

00:12:53.819 --> 00:12:55.139
 sovereign still

00:12:55.139 --> 00:12:56.039
 dictated in

00:12:56.039 --> 00:12:56.459
 the matter,

00:12:56.879 --> 00:12:59.059
 as it was a

00:12:59.059 --> 00:13:00.059
 national church.

00:13:00.059 --> 00:13:01.519
 So appeal

00:13:01.519 --> 00:13:02.019
 had to be

00:13:02.019 --> 00:13:02.559
 directed to

00:13:02.559 --> 00:13:03.259
 the sovereign

00:13:03.259 --> 00:13:03.799
 her royal

00:13:03.799 --> 00:13:04.339
 self,

00:13:04.559 --> 00:13:05.519
 or efforts

00:13:05.519 --> 00:13:06.159
 made through

00:13:06.159 --> 00:13:06.759
 the parliament

00:13:06.759 --> 00:13:07.659
 to change

00:13:07.659 --> 00:13:08.139
 what you were

00:13:08.139 --> 00:13:08.699
 going to do

00:13:08.699 --> 00:13:09.319
 in the church.

00:13:09.679 --> 00:13:10.139
 And the

00:13:10.139 --> 00:13:10.799
 agonizing

00:13:10.799 --> 00:13:11.659
 question for

00:13:11.659 --> 00:13:12.319
 Protestants,

00:13:12.759 --> 00:13:13.719
 especially the

00:13:13.719 --> 00:13:14.679
 ministers in

00:13:14.679 --> 00:13:15.139
 the Church of

00:13:15.139 --> 00:13:15.579
 England at the

00:13:15.579 --> 00:13:15.899
 time,

00:13:16.219 --> 00:13:17.359
 was how much

00:13:17.359 --> 00:13:18.419
 compromise

00:13:18.419 --> 00:13:19.699
 they could

00:13:19.699 --> 00:13:20.479
 live with

00:13:20.479 --> 00:13:21.259
 in good

00:13:21.259 --> 00:13:21.859
 conscience.

00:13:22.819 --> 00:13:23.319
 And this

00:13:23.319 --> 00:13:23.959
 was very

00:13:23.959 --> 00:13:24.879
 agonizing for

00:13:24.879 --> 00:13:25.159
 them.

00:13:25.479 --> 00:13:26.159
 When their

00:13:26.159 --> 00:13:27.179
 pleas for

00:13:27.179 --> 00:13:28.539
 change were

00:13:28.539 --> 00:13:29.419
 unavailing,

00:13:30.059 --> 00:13:30.699
 what do

00:13:30.699 --> 00:13:31.359
 you do?

00:13:32.619 --> 00:13:33.459
 Must the,

00:13:33.539 --> 00:13:33.859
 as they

00:13:33.859 --> 00:13:34.339
 called the

00:13:34.339 --> 00:13:35.219
 popish dung,

00:13:35.500 --> 00:13:36.119
 be removed

00:13:36.119 --> 00:13:37.139
 completely,

00:13:38.079 --> 00:13:39.319
 as opposed to

00:13:39.319 --> 00:13:39.899
 according to

00:13:39.899 --> 00:13:40.579
 the sovereign's

00:13:40.579 --> 00:13:41.359
 good pleasure

00:13:41.359 --> 00:13:41.919
 and good

00:13:41.919 --> 00:13:42.419
 measure?

00:13:43.079 --> 00:13:44.239
 And must it

00:13:44.239 --> 00:13:44.719
 be removed

00:13:44.719 --> 00:13:45.379
 immediately,

00:13:46.119 --> 00:13:46.959
 and not simply

00:13:46.959 --> 00:13:47.339
 at the

00:13:47.339 --> 00:13:47.939
 sovereign's

00:13:47.939 --> 00:13:48.459
 leisure?

00:13:49.639 --> 00:13:50.639
 These were

00:13:50.639 --> 00:13:51.479
 the grand

00:13:51.479 --> 00:13:51.819
 issues.

00:13:52.439 --> 00:13:53.459
 This burning

00:13:53.459 --> 00:13:55.099
 question was

00:13:55.099 --> 00:13:56.379
 answered variously

00:13:56.379 --> 00:13:56.859
 among the

00:13:56.859 --> 00:13:57.259
 godly.

00:13:57.859 --> 00:13:58.959
 Some urged

00:13:58.959 --> 00:13:59.759
 reformation,

00:13:59.759 --> 00:14:00.740
 without

00:14:00.740 --> 00:14:02.019
 tarrying for

00:14:02.019 --> 00:14:02.360
 any,

00:14:02.700 --> 00:14:03.279
 without waiting

00:14:03.279 --> 00:14:03.799
 for anyone.

00:14:05.899 --> 00:14:06.919
 They gave

00:14:06.919 --> 00:14:07.919
 up on the

00:14:07.919 --> 00:14:08.740
 magistrate in

00:14:08.740 --> 00:14:09.139
 the state

00:14:09.139 --> 00:14:09.519
 church,

00:14:09.879 --> 00:14:10.439
 separating

00:14:10.439 --> 00:14:11.399
 themselves from

00:14:11.399 --> 00:14:11.639
 them.

00:14:11.840 --> 00:14:12.200
 These were

00:14:12.200 --> 00:14:12.740
 called the

00:14:12.740 --> 00:14:13.399
 separatists,

00:14:13.879 --> 00:14:15.480
 or Robert

00:14:15.480 --> 00:14:16.600
 Brown was of

00:14:16.600 --> 00:14:17.000
 this view,

00:14:17.100 --> 00:14:17.620
 so sometimes

00:14:17.620 --> 00:14:18.319
 the separatists

00:14:18.319 --> 00:14:18.720
 were called

00:14:18.720 --> 00:14:19.519
 Brownists.

00:14:20.639 --> 00:14:22.100
 The separatists

00:14:22.100 --> 00:14:23.539
 denied that the

00:14:23.539 --> 00:14:23.919
 Church of

00:14:23.919 --> 00:14:24.480
 England was a

00:14:24.480 --> 00:14:25.019
 true church

00:14:25.019 --> 00:14:25.539
 at all.

00:14:25.899 --> 00:14:26.319
 It was

00:14:26.319 --> 00:14:27.179
 apostate.

00:14:27.179 --> 00:14:28.219
 And they

00:14:28.219 --> 00:14:28.899
 gathered their

00:14:28.899 --> 00:14:30.199
 own congregations.

00:14:30.859 --> 00:14:31.939
 Among those

00:14:31.939 --> 00:14:32.719
 separatist

00:14:32.719 --> 00:14:34.299
 congregations would

00:14:34.299 --> 00:14:34.939
 be the first

00:14:34.939 --> 00:14:35.899
 Plymouth colony,

00:14:36.279 --> 00:14:37.120
 1620.

00:14:37.620 --> 00:14:38.859
 They were a

00:14:38.859 --> 00:14:39.399
 separatist

00:14:39.399 --> 00:14:40.099
 congregation.

00:14:41.339 --> 00:14:42.419
 So others,

00:14:43.019 --> 00:14:44.519
 while eye to

00:14:44.519 --> 00:14:45.500
 eye with the

00:14:45.500 --> 00:14:46.620
 separatists in

00:14:46.620 --> 00:14:47.379
 terms of virtually

00:14:47.379 --> 00:14:48.519
 all matters of

00:14:48.519 --> 00:14:49.299
 doctrine, they

00:14:49.299 --> 00:14:50.139
 agreed on all

00:14:50.139 --> 00:14:52.179
 of that, they

00:14:52.179 --> 00:14:57.399
 agreed that the

00:14:57.399 --> 00:14:58.100
 English church

00:14:58.100 --> 00:14:59.480
 was contaminated

00:14:59.480 --> 00:15:00.360
 and in need of

00:15:00.360 --> 00:15:01.720
 reform, but

00:15:01.720 --> 00:15:02.580
 thought, well,

00:15:02.620 --> 00:15:03.439
 it's still a

00:15:03.439 --> 00:15:04.480
 true church.

00:15:04.919 --> 00:15:05.620
 It's just a

00:15:05.620 --> 00:15:06.360
 corrupted one.

00:15:06.919 --> 00:15:07.679
 So that was the

00:15:07.679 --> 00:15:09.580
 difference between

00:15:09.580 --> 00:15:10.340
 the separatists.

00:15:10.419 --> 00:15:10.740
 No, no, no,

00:15:10.740 --> 00:15:11.659
 it's not even a

00:15:11.659 --> 00:15:12.100
 true church.

00:15:12.179 --> 00:15:12.600
 It's so

00:15:12.600 --> 00:15:13.080
 compromised.

00:15:13.819 --> 00:15:14.679
 Versus many of

00:15:14.679 --> 00:15:15.039
 the Puritans

00:15:15.039 --> 00:15:15.779
 that said, well,

00:15:15.960 --> 00:15:16.960
 it's corrupted,

00:15:17.360 --> 00:15:18.399
 but they still

00:15:18.399 --> 00:15:19.460
 count as the

00:15:19.460 --> 00:15:20.100
 people of God.

00:15:21.879 --> 00:15:23.060
 A church in

00:15:23.060 --> 00:15:24.019
 which one

00:15:24.019 --> 00:15:25.100
 could remain

00:15:25.100 --> 00:15:26.460
 laboring hopefully

00:15:26.460 --> 00:15:27.420
 for reform.

00:15:28.040 --> 00:15:29.460
 This boat might

00:15:29.460 --> 00:15:30.019
 be going down,

00:15:30.100 --> 00:15:30.540
 but let's still

00:15:30.540 --> 00:15:31.139
 try to bale

00:15:31.139 --> 00:15:32.300
 water and make

00:15:32.300 --> 00:15:32.820
 it as good as

00:15:32.820 --> 00:15:33.200
 possible.

00:15:33.740 --> 00:15:34.400
 And of this

00:15:34.400 --> 00:15:35.740
 latter persuasion

00:15:35.740 --> 00:15:37.060
 that the church

00:15:37.060 --> 00:15:37.820
 is just corrupted,

00:15:38.139 --> 00:15:38.960
 not hopeless,

00:15:39.580 --> 00:15:40.340
 of this latter

00:15:40.340 --> 00:15:41.560
 persuasion was a

00:15:41.560 --> 00:15:42.700
 gifted and rising

00:15:42.700 --> 00:15:44.040
 minister in

00:15:44.040 --> 00:15:44.440
 London.

00:15:45.100 --> 00:15:45.759
 There he is.

00:15:45.879 --> 00:15:46.320
 There he is.

00:15:46.420 --> 00:15:48.220
 John Davenport.

00:15:48.220 --> 00:15:50.060
 Church of St.

00:15:50.180 --> 00:15:50.759
 Stephen's there

00:15:50.759 --> 00:15:51.259
 in London.

00:15:52.399 --> 00:15:54.480
 1597 to 1670.

00:15:55.740 --> 00:15:56.899
 He was a

00:15:56.899 --> 00:15:58.500
 stirring and

00:15:58.500 --> 00:15:59.660
 scriptural preacher,

00:15:59.860 --> 00:16:01.460
 well beloved in

00:16:01.460 --> 00:16:02.120
 his growing

00:16:02.120 --> 00:16:03.420
 congregation to

00:16:03.420 --> 00:16:04.759
 whom he bravely

00:16:04.759 --> 00:16:05.620
 ministered through

00:16:05.620 --> 00:16:07.060
 the terrible plague

00:16:07.060 --> 00:16:09.120
 of 1625 when

00:16:09.120 --> 00:16:11.820
 35,000 in

00:16:11.820 --> 00:16:12.800
 London were

00:16:12.800 --> 00:16:14.220
 carried off by

00:16:14.220 --> 00:16:14.980
 the pestilence.

00:16:15.480 --> 00:16:16.379
 He stayed at

00:16:16.379 --> 00:16:17.179
 his post,

00:16:17.399 --> 00:16:18.039
 didn't head up

00:16:18.039 --> 00:16:18.559
 to Scotland

00:16:18.559 --> 00:16:19.019
 where it was

00:16:19.019 --> 00:16:19.980
 so cold that

00:16:19.980 --> 00:16:20.759
 not even insects

00:16:20.759 --> 00:16:21.480
 can live.

00:16:22.740 --> 00:16:25.419
 So his great

00:16:25.419 --> 00:16:27.000
 compassion also

00:16:27.000 --> 00:16:28.220
 came to the

00:16:28.220 --> 00:16:29.159
 fore in his

00:16:29.159 --> 00:16:30.120
 leadership in

00:16:30.120 --> 00:16:30.700
 raising a

00:16:30.700 --> 00:16:32.000
 collection for

00:16:32.000 --> 00:16:32.799
 the relief of

00:16:32.799 --> 00:16:33.360
 refugees.

00:16:33.759 --> 00:16:34.240
 This was very

00:16:34.240 --> 00:16:34.759
 close to his

00:16:34.759 --> 00:16:34.919
 heart.

00:16:34.980 --> 00:16:35.639
 The persecuted

00:16:35.639 --> 00:16:36.139
 Protestant

00:16:36.139 --> 00:16:37.259
 brethren of the

00:16:37.259 --> 00:16:38.419
 Palatinate who

00:16:38.419 --> 00:16:39.620
 were displaced and

00:16:39.620 --> 00:16:40.399
 distressed through

00:16:40.399 --> 00:16:41.340
 religious wars.

00:16:41.519 --> 00:16:41.600
 There.

00:16:42.779 --> 00:16:44.480
 His zeal for

00:16:44.480 --> 00:16:45.580
 further reform of

00:16:45.580 --> 00:16:45.920
 the English

00:16:45.920 --> 00:16:47.000
 church prompted

00:16:47.000 --> 00:16:47.900
 an effort to

00:16:47.900 --> 00:16:49.900
 raise funds also

00:16:49.900 --> 00:16:51.160
 to buy up

00:16:51.160 --> 00:16:51.840
 pulpits and

00:16:51.840 --> 00:16:52.680
 lectureships.

00:16:52.900 --> 00:16:53.540
 So what you

00:16:53.540 --> 00:16:54.160
 could do is you

00:16:54.160 --> 00:16:54.980
 could buy the

00:16:54.980 --> 00:16:55.520
 right from the

00:16:55.520 --> 00:16:56.340
 bishop to decide

00:16:56.340 --> 00:16:56.980
 who the minister

00:16:56.980 --> 00:16:57.600
 was going to be.

00:16:57.660 --> 00:16:58.259
 So you could buy

00:16:58.259 --> 00:16:58.920
 up the pulpit.

00:16:59.500 --> 00:17:00.040
 And they would

00:17:00.040 --> 00:17:00.860
 just raise money

00:17:00.860 --> 00:17:01.580
 to do this.

00:17:01.620 --> 00:17:01.980
 It was called

00:17:01.980 --> 00:17:02.759
 the Fia Feast.

00:17:04.160 --> 00:17:04.900
 So you could

00:17:04.900 --> 00:17:05.980
 fill the pulpits

00:17:05.980 --> 00:17:06.740
 with godly

00:17:06.740 --> 00:17:08.059
 reformed preaching.

00:17:08.819 --> 00:17:09.840
 Well both of

00:17:09.840 --> 00:17:11.019
 these enterprises

00:17:11.019 --> 00:17:13.799
 ran foul of

00:17:13.799 --> 00:17:15.180
 William Laud.

00:17:15.259 --> 00:17:15.960
 This is where

00:17:15.960 --> 00:17:16.399
 Raul you're

00:17:16.399 --> 00:17:16.839
 supposed to

00:17:16.839 --> 00:17:17.339
 hiss.

00:17:17.720 --> 00:17:18.720
 There we go.

00:17:18.879 --> 00:17:19.000
 Okay.

00:17:19.139 --> 00:17:19.579
 There we go.

00:17:20.240 --> 00:17:21.419
 The bane of

00:17:21.419 --> 00:17:23.579
 Puritans who

00:17:23.579 --> 00:17:24.919
 became Archbishop

00:17:24.919 --> 00:17:26.299
 of Canterbury in

00:17:26.299 --> 00:17:27.039
 an English church

00:17:27.039 --> 00:17:27.720
 which under

00:17:27.720 --> 00:17:29.480
 James I and

00:17:29.480 --> 00:17:30.899
 then Charles I

00:17:30.899 --> 00:17:32.940
 was self-consciously

00:17:32.940 --> 00:17:34.419
 moving farther and

00:17:34.419 --> 00:17:35.399
 farther from

00:17:35.399 --> 00:17:36.279
 Puritan hopes.

00:17:36.759 --> 00:17:38.720
 Indeed self-consciously

00:17:38.720 --> 00:17:40.399
 anti-reformation.

00:17:40.400 --> 00:17:42.160
 Now to this

00:17:42.160 --> 00:17:44.019
 point Davenport

00:17:44.019 --> 00:17:45.620
 was still able

00:17:45.620 --> 00:17:46.240
 to claim

00:17:46.240 --> 00:17:48.060
 conformity to

00:17:48.060 --> 00:17:48.680
 the Church of

00:17:48.680 --> 00:17:49.560
 England requirements

00:17:49.560 --> 00:17:51.240
 as distasteful as

00:17:51.240 --> 00:17:52.080
 they were to

00:17:52.080 --> 00:17:52.380
 him.

00:17:53.120 --> 00:17:54.300
 He still wore

00:17:54.300 --> 00:17:54.940
 the costume.

00:17:55.640 --> 00:17:56.600
 He still made

00:17:56.600 --> 00:17:57.220
 the sign of the

00:17:57.220 --> 00:17:57.720
 cross and

00:17:57.720 --> 00:17:58.100
 baptism.

00:17:58.300 --> 00:17:59.200
 He still knelt

00:17:59.200 --> 00:18:00.200
 at the communion

00:18:00.200 --> 00:18:02.320
 rail to the

00:18:02.320 --> 00:18:02.860
 host and these

00:18:02.860 --> 00:18:03.320
 things that he

00:18:03.320 --> 00:18:05.040
 disliked greatly.

00:18:05.900 --> 00:18:06.940
 He considered

00:18:06.940 --> 00:18:08.380
 these matters

00:18:08.380 --> 00:18:09.320
 relatively

00:18:09.319 --> 00:18:10.639
 unimportant,

00:18:10.879 --> 00:18:11.980
 relatively minor,

00:18:12.319 --> 00:18:12.720
 irksome

00:18:12.720 --> 00:18:13.939
 gravamina they

00:18:13.939 --> 00:18:14.539
 called it,

00:18:15.539 --> 00:18:16.559
 at least relative

00:18:16.559 --> 00:18:17.519
 to the preaching

00:18:17.519 --> 00:18:18.259
 of the gospel

00:18:18.259 --> 00:18:19.659
 that we can do

00:18:19.659 --> 00:18:21.240
 which conformity

00:18:21.240 --> 00:18:22.659
 allowed them to

00:18:22.659 --> 00:18:23.599
 continue to do

00:18:23.599 --> 00:18:25.159
 and from in his

00:18:25.159 --> 00:18:26.099
 case a prominent

00:18:26.099 --> 00:18:26.879
 London hope.

00:18:27.439 --> 00:18:28.379
 So that was a

00:18:28.379 --> 00:18:28.799
 paradox.

00:18:28.919 --> 00:18:29.419
 Can you feel this?

00:18:29.759 --> 00:18:31.099
 If we just conform

00:18:31.099 --> 00:18:31.700
 on some of these

00:18:31.700 --> 00:18:32.639
 things we'll still

00:18:32.639 --> 00:18:33.159
 be able to keep

00:18:33.159 --> 00:18:34.079
 preaching and people

00:18:34.079 --> 00:18:34.599
 are coming to

00:18:34.599 --> 00:18:35.079
 Christ.

00:18:36.039 --> 00:18:37.319
 So how much can

00:18:37.319 --> 00:18:37.919
 we bend our

00:18:37.919 --> 00:18:39.139
 consciences on this?

00:18:39.319 --> 00:18:40.679
 And this is where

00:18:40.679 --> 00:18:40.939
 we're going to

00:18:40.939 --> 00:18:41.099
 do it.

00:18:42.299 --> 00:18:43.240
 But all the

00:18:43.240 --> 00:18:44.559
 while Davenport

00:18:44.559 --> 00:18:45.579
 is turning these

00:18:45.579 --> 00:18:46.299
 matters over in

00:18:46.299 --> 00:18:47.240
 his mind and

00:18:47.240 --> 00:18:48.079
 keeping hundreds

00:18:48.079 --> 00:18:49.579
 of pages of

00:18:49.579 --> 00:18:50.579
 notes which

00:18:50.579 --> 00:18:51.460
 reflect the

00:18:51.460 --> 00:18:52.139
 evolution of

00:18:52.139 --> 00:18:52.819
 his convictions

00:18:52.819 --> 00:18:53.419
 under the

00:18:53.419 --> 00:18:53.740
 heading,

00:18:54.159 --> 00:18:55.179
 the grounds

00:18:55.179 --> 00:18:56.539
 whereupon the

00:18:56.539 --> 00:18:57.200
 safety of

00:18:57.200 --> 00:18:58.220
 conformity is

00:18:58.220 --> 00:18:59.720
 built together

00:18:59.720 --> 00:19:00.779
 with the

00:19:00.779 --> 00:19:01.939
 sandiness of

00:19:01.939 --> 00:19:02.240
 them.

00:19:02.939 --> 00:19:03.779
 The sandiness

00:19:03.779 --> 00:19:04.220
 of them.

00:19:05.179 --> 00:19:06.059
 His conviction

00:19:06.059 --> 00:19:07.319
 about conformity

00:19:07.319 --> 00:19:08.720
 was slowly

00:19:08.720 --> 00:19:09.460
 shifting.

00:19:10.379 --> 00:19:10.759
 But the

00:19:10.759 --> 00:19:11.559
 decisive turning

00:19:11.559 --> 00:19:12.000
 point for

00:19:12.000 --> 00:19:13.240
 Davenport came

00:19:13.240 --> 00:19:14.159
 in a crucial

00:19:14.159 --> 00:19:14.579
 meeting.

00:19:15.000 --> 00:19:15.659
 Two of the

00:19:15.659 --> 00:19:16.759
 great lights

00:19:16.759 --> 00:19:20.119
 among the

00:19:20.119 --> 00:19:20.980
 Puritan party

00:19:20.980 --> 00:19:22.200
 were John

00:19:22.200 --> 00:19:22.759
 Cotton,

00:19:23.159 --> 00:19:23.759
 the first,

00:19:24.659 --> 00:19:25.379
 John Cotton,

00:19:25.720 --> 00:19:26.480
 and Thomas

00:19:26.480 --> 00:19:27.439
 Hooker.

00:19:28.720 --> 00:19:29.779
 They had

00:19:29.779 --> 00:19:30.480
 weighed up

00:19:30.480 --> 00:19:31.319
 matters and

00:19:31.319 --> 00:19:32.539
 concluded that

00:19:32.539 --> 00:19:33.819
 the state and

00:19:33.819 --> 00:19:34.960
 prospects of the

00:19:34.960 --> 00:19:35.720
 church in England

00:19:35.720 --> 00:19:37.279
 were too dire

00:19:37.279 --> 00:19:38.880
 and resolved to

00:19:38.880 --> 00:19:40.160
 start afresh in

00:19:40.160 --> 00:19:40.640
 New England.

00:19:41.420 --> 00:19:42.019
 Well, before

00:19:42.019 --> 00:19:43.360
 they embarked,

00:19:43.360 --> 00:19:44.019
 Hooker and

00:19:44.019 --> 00:19:44.360
 Cotton,

00:19:45.400 --> 00:19:46.100
 Davenport,

00:19:46.440 --> 00:19:47.799
 distraught that

00:19:47.799 --> 00:19:48.980
 such champions

00:19:48.980 --> 00:19:49.779
 of the truth be

00:19:49.779 --> 00:19:50.559
 lost to the

00:19:50.559 --> 00:19:51.940
 gospel cause in

00:19:51.940 --> 00:19:53.120
 England, he

00:19:53.120 --> 00:19:53.960
 hoped to

00:19:53.960 --> 00:19:55.120
 reclaim these

00:19:55.120 --> 00:19:55.640
 esteemed

00:19:55.640 --> 00:19:56.460
 brethren, so

00:19:56.460 --> 00:19:57.160
 met for them to

00:19:57.160 --> 00:19:58.120
 plead with them

00:19:58.120 --> 00:19:59.039
 to stay.

00:19:59.660 --> 00:20:01.779
 But by their

00:20:01.779 --> 00:20:04.000
 conference, he

00:20:04.000 --> 00:20:05.519
 did not persuade

00:20:05.519 --> 00:20:06.259
 Cotton and

00:20:06.259 --> 00:20:06.839
 Hooker to

00:20:06.839 --> 00:20:08.359
 remain, it

00:20:08.359 --> 00:20:09.380
 rather shook

00:20:09.380 --> 00:20:10.400
 Davenport's

00:20:10.400 --> 00:20:11.240
 conviction about

00:20:11.240 --> 00:20:13.059
 conforming, and

00:20:13.059 --> 00:20:14.339
 soon he would

00:20:14.339 --> 00:20:15.819
 follow them into

00:20:15.819 --> 00:20:16.700
 their errand

00:20:16.700 --> 00:20:18.640
 across the sea.

00:20:19.480 --> 00:20:20.839
 So what was it

00:20:20.839 --> 00:20:23.259
 that Cotton told

00:20:23.259 --> 00:20:24.559
 Davenport that

00:20:24.559 --> 00:20:25.799
 persuaded him to

00:20:25.799 --> 00:20:27.400
 follow in this

00:20:27.400 --> 00:20:27.819
 pilgrimage?

00:20:28.299 --> 00:20:29.140
 Well, we have a

00:20:29.140 --> 00:20:29.859
 letter of John

00:20:29.859 --> 00:20:31.240
 Cotton in which he

00:20:31.240 --> 00:20:32.519
 gives the reasons

00:20:32.519 --> 00:20:34.180
 for his and Mr.

00:20:34.299 --> 00:20:35.220
 Hooker's removal

00:20:35.220 --> 00:20:36.440
 to New England.

00:20:36.660 --> 00:20:37.480
 And he writes,

00:20:37.519 --> 00:20:38.139
 this is Cotton,

00:20:38.220 --> 00:20:38.700
 John Cotton,

00:20:38.980 --> 00:20:40.759
 it hath been no

00:20:40.759 --> 00:20:42.619
 small inducement

00:20:42.619 --> 00:20:44.779
 to us to

00:20:44.779 --> 00:20:45.980
 choose rather to

00:20:45.980 --> 00:20:47.039
 remove hither,

00:20:47.299 --> 00:20:48.240
 this to New

00:20:48.240 --> 00:20:49.879
 England, rather

00:20:49.879 --> 00:20:50.599
 than to stay

00:20:50.599 --> 00:20:51.359
 there, Old

00:20:51.359 --> 00:20:52.960
 England, that we

00:20:52.960 --> 00:20:54.339
 might enjoy the

00:20:54.339 --> 00:20:56.980
 liberty not of

00:20:56.980 --> 00:20:58.599
 some ordinances

00:20:58.599 --> 00:21:00.460
 of God, but of

00:21:00.460 --> 00:21:03.000
 all, and all

00:21:03.000 --> 00:21:04.440
 in purity.

00:21:05.579 --> 00:21:06.880
 Sure, in

00:21:06.880 --> 00:21:07.319
 England,

00:21:07.680 --> 00:21:08.920
 congregations enjoy

00:21:08.920 --> 00:21:09.680
 the means of

00:21:09.680 --> 00:21:10.600
 salvation, and

00:21:10.600 --> 00:21:11.140
 may it be

00:21:11.140 --> 00:21:11.819
 continued and

00:21:11.819 --> 00:21:12.559
 enlarged to

00:21:12.559 --> 00:21:15.860
 you, yet, I

00:21:15.860 --> 00:21:16.779
 go on quoting

00:21:16.779 --> 00:21:19.660
 Cotton, seeing

00:21:19.660 --> 00:21:20.920
 Christ hath

00:21:20.920 --> 00:21:22.259
 instituted no

00:21:22.259 --> 00:21:23.420
 ordinance in

00:21:23.420 --> 00:21:26.079
 vain, but all

00:21:26.079 --> 00:21:27.740
 to the offering

00:21:27.740 --> 00:21:28.640
 of the body of

00:21:28.640 --> 00:21:30.000
 Christ, the

00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:30.620
 people of God,

00:21:31.160 --> 00:21:32.200
 and we know

00:21:32.200 --> 00:21:33.060
 that our souls

00:21:33.060 --> 00:21:33.980
 stand in need

00:21:33.980 --> 00:21:35.900
 of all of

00:21:35.900 --> 00:21:36.640
 these ordinances

00:21:36.640 --> 00:21:38.240
 to the utmost.

00:21:38.800 --> 00:21:40.240
 We durst not so

00:21:40.240 --> 00:21:41.520
 far be lacking

00:21:41.520 --> 00:21:43.420
 to the grace of

00:21:43.420 --> 00:21:44.720
 Christ as to

00:21:44.720 --> 00:21:45.600
 the necessity of

00:21:45.600 --> 00:21:46.759
 our own, and to

00:21:46.759 --> 00:21:47.560
 the necessity of

00:21:47.560 --> 00:21:48.840
 our own souls as

00:21:48.840 --> 00:21:49.480
 to set down

00:21:49.480 --> 00:21:50.380
 somewhere else,

00:21:50.660 --> 00:21:51.100
 New England,

00:21:51.780 --> 00:21:52.480
 under the shadow

00:21:52.480 --> 00:21:54.040
 of some ordinances

00:21:54.040 --> 00:21:55.720
 in Old England,

00:21:55.720 --> 00:21:56.759
 when by two

00:21:56.759 --> 00:21:57.360
 months travail,

00:21:58.240 --> 00:21:59.200
 we might come to

00:21:59.200 --> 00:22:00.360
 enjoy liberty of

00:22:00.360 --> 00:22:00.860
 all.

00:22:01.480 --> 00:22:01.779
 Okay.

00:22:02.980 --> 00:22:04.120
 Did you catch

00:22:04.120 --> 00:22:04.519
 that?

00:22:04.640 --> 00:22:06.620
 For here is the

00:22:06.620 --> 00:22:07.600
 essence of the

00:22:07.600 --> 00:22:07.900
 matter.

00:22:08.900 --> 00:22:09.600
 He was saying,

00:22:09.779 --> 00:22:10.539
 it's not enough,

00:22:10.600 --> 00:22:11.259
 Davenport would

00:22:11.259 --> 00:22:12.740
 agree, it is not

00:22:12.740 --> 00:22:13.460
 enough that we

00:22:13.460 --> 00:22:14.860
 enjoy the blessing

00:22:14.860 --> 00:22:16.880
 of God merely in

00:22:16.880 --> 00:22:19.400
 some of what God

00:22:19.400 --> 00:22:20.380
 has given us in

00:22:20.380 --> 00:22:21.400
 his directives for

00:22:21.400 --> 00:22:22.019
 our worship.

00:22:22.019 --> 00:22:24.599
 He has given

00:22:24.599 --> 00:22:25.339
 us, God has

00:22:25.339 --> 00:22:26.000
 given us no

00:22:26.000 --> 00:22:27.599
 directives pointlessly.

00:22:28.299 --> 00:22:29.259
 We have to

00:22:29.259 --> 00:22:30.660
 follow all of

00:22:30.660 --> 00:22:31.460
 them, and

00:22:31.460 --> 00:22:32.339
 follow all of

00:22:32.339 --> 00:22:33.319
 them very

00:22:33.319 --> 00:22:34.139
 carefully.

00:22:35.119 --> 00:22:36.099
 Our souls

00:22:36.099 --> 00:22:37.500
 stand in need

00:22:37.500 --> 00:22:38.000
 of, and

00:22:38.000 --> 00:22:38.619
 you remember,

00:22:38.759 --> 00:22:39.240
 you heard the

00:22:39.240 --> 00:22:41.299
 phrase, all to

00:22:41.299 --> 00:22:42.160
 the utmost.

00:22:42.940 --> 00:22:43.639
 All to the

00:22:43.639 --> 00:22:43.920
 utmost.

00:22:45.220 --> 00:22:45.980
 This is

00:22:45.980 --> 00:22:46.599
 Puritanism.

00:22:47.379 --> 00:22:48.400
 All that God

00:22:48.400 --> 00:22:49.680
 has given us is

00:22:49.680 --> 00:22:51.079
 our obligation and

00:22:51.079 --> 00:22:51.720
 our blessing.

00:22:52.019 --> 00:22:53.879
 Let us not let

00:22:53.879 --> 00:22:55.200
 one of his

00:22:55.200 --> 00:22:56.500
 commandments, even

00:22:56.500 --> 00:22:57.039
 the supposed

00:22:57.039 --> 00:22:58.779
 least, fall to

00:22:58.779 --> 00:22:59.299
 the ground.

00:23:00.039 --> 00:23:01.200
 Let us give all

00:23:01.200 --> 00:23:02.420
 diligence to

00:23:02.420 --> 00:23:04.639
 follow fully, all

00:23:04.639 --> 00:23:05.519
 to the utmost.

00:23:06.180 --> 00:23:06.720
 All to the

00:23:06.720 --> 00:23:06.980
 utmost.

00:23:07.980 --> 00:23:09.539
 Well, this was the

00:23:09.539 --> 00:23:10.740
 vision that made

00:23:10.740 --> 00:23:11.680
 the pilgrims, or

00:23:11.680 --> 00:23:12.740
 Puritans, pilgrims,

00:23:12.819 --> 00:23:13.500
 go on pilgrimage,

00:23:13.660 --> 00:23:14.279
 go on pilgrim

00:23:14.279 --> 00:23:16.200
 wayfair, that

00:23:16.200 --> 00:23:16.859
 burned in the

00:23:16.859 --> 00:23:17.799
 breast of John

00:23:17.799 --> 00:23:19.119
 Davenport and his

00:23:19.119 --> 00:23:19.960
 little band of

00:23:19.960 --> 00:23:21.139
 settlers who

00:23:21.140 --> 00:23:21.900
 gathered under

00:23:21.900 --> 00:23:23.100
 that oak, that

00:23:23.100 --> 00:23:24.500
 first Sabbath in

00:23:24.500 --> 00:23:25.620
 1638.

00:23:26.240 --> 00:23:27.400
 The first letter

00:23:27.400 --> 00:23:28.460
 we have from

00:23:28.460 --> 00:23:29.340
 Davenport's pen

00:23:29.340 --> 00:23:30.700
 perfectly echoes

00:23:30.700 --> 00:23:31.620
 the language of

00:23:31.620 --> 00:23:32.820
 cotton and

00:23:32.820 --> 00:23:33.300
 hooker.

00:23:34.580 --> 00:23:35.680
 Davenport writes,

00:23:35.680 --> 00:23:37.160
 the Lord our God

00:23:37.160 --> 00:23:38.360
 hath here bestowed

00:23:38.360 --> 00:23:39.460
 upon us the

00:23:39.460 --> 00:23:40.779
 greatest outward

00:23:40.779 --> 00:23:41.820
 privilege under

00:23:41.820 --> 00:23:43.660
 the sun, to

00:23:43.660 --> 00:23:45.160
 have and enjoy

00:23:45.160 --> 00:23:47.039
 all his

00:23:47.039 --> 00:23:47.840
 ordinances

00:23:47.840 --> 00:23:49.720
 purely dispensed

00:23:49.720 --> 00:23:50.779
 in a church

00:23:50.779 --> 00:23:51.519
 gathered and

00:23:51.519 --> 00:23:52.900
 constituted according

00:23:52.900 --> 00:23:54.100
 to God's own

00:23:54.100 --> 00:23:56.019
 mind in all

00:23:56.019 --> 00:23:56.620
 things.

00:23:57.720 --> 00:23:58.759
 So that was

00:23:58.759 --> 00:23:59.279
 their ambition.

00:23:59.400 --> 00:24:00.240
 But their ambition

00:24:00.240 --> 00:24:01.640
 was not merely to

00:24:01.640 --> 00:24:02.279
 gather and to

00:24:02.279 --> 00:24:03.880
 constitute a church

00:24:03.880 --> 00:24:05.180
 according to God's

00:24:05.180 --> 00:24:05.700
 mind in all

00:24:05.700 --> 00:24:06.160
 things.

00:24:06.740 --> 00:24:08.560
 Every aspect of

00:24:08.560 --> 00:24:10.040
 society was to

00:24:10.040 --> 00:24:10.800
 reflect the mind

00:24:10.800 --> 00:24:11.560
 of God as

00:24:11.560 --> 00:24:12.660
 revealed in

00:24:12.660 --> 00:24:13.080
 scriptures.

00:24:14.640 --> 00:24:17.260
 The design of

00:24:17.260 --> 00:24:18.320
 this plantation

00:24:18.320 --> 00:24:19.840
 is religion,

00:24:20.620 --> 00:24:21.840
 openly proclaimed

00:24:21.840 --> 00:24:22.900
 Davenport as he

00:24:22.900 --> 00:24:23.360
 arrived.

00:24:23.920 --> 00:24:25.060
 And none of

00:24:25.060 --> 00:24:26.360
 his followers,

00:24:27.180 --> 00:24:28.520
 fellow settlers,

00:24:28.800 --> 00:24:29.780
 dissented on this

00:24:29.780 --> 00:24:30.080
 matter.

00:24:30.240 --> 00:24:31.140
 There was utter

00:24:31.140 --> 00:24:32.020
 agreement.

00:24:32.019 --> 00:24:33.279
 At the close of

00:24:33.279 --> 00:24:34.359
 the first day,

00:24:34.920 --> 00:24:35.859
 a day of fasting

00:24:35.859 --> 00:24:36.420
 and prayer,

00:24:36.700 --> 00:24:37.859
 they all solemnly

00:24:37.859 --> 00:24:39.119
 subscribed to a

00:24:39.119 --> 00:24:40.480
 plantation covenant.

00:24:40.639 --> 00:24:41.200
 So this is the

00:24:41.200 --> 00:24:41.759
 beginning of New

00:24:41.759 --> 00:24:42.000
 Haven,

00:24:42.440 --> 00:24:43.400
 plantation covenant.

00:24:43.920 --> 00:24:44.279
 Quote,

00:24:44.759 --> 00:24:46.680
 that in matters

00:24:46.680 --> 00:24:48.079
 that concern the

00:24:48.079 --> 00:24:49.119
 gathering and

00:24:49.119 --> 00:24:49.799
 ordering of a

00:24:49.799 --> 00:24:50.180
 church,

00:24:50.799 --> 00:24:52.619
 so likewise in

00:24:52.619 --> 00:24:53.819
 all public

00:24:53.819 --> 00:24:55.299
 offices which

00:24:55.299 --> 00:24:56.180
 concern the

00:24:56.180 --> 00:24:56.960
 civic order,

00:24:57.539 --> 00:24:58.779
 we would all

00:24:58.779 --> 00:25:00.420
 of us be

00:25:00.420 --> 00:25:01.600
 ordered by those

00:25:01.600 --> 00:25:02.600
 rules which the

00:25:02.600 --> 00:25:03.460
 scriptures hold

00:25:03.460 --> 00:25:04.340
 forth to us.

00:25:04.759 --> 00:25:05.440
 It's incredibly

00:25:05.440 --> 00:25:06.060
 comprehensive.

00:25:07.759 --> 00:25:09.340
 Indeed, none

00:25:09.340 --> 00:25:10.420
 but what the

00:25:10.420 --> 00:25:11.300
 scriptures directed.

00:25:12.539 --> 00:25:12.860
 Quote,

00:25:13.100 --> 00:25:14.759
 the word of God

00:25:14.759 --> 00:25:16.060
 shall be the

00:25:16.060 --> 00:25:18.180
 only rule to

00:25:18.180 --> 00:25:18.779
 be attended

00:25:18.779 --> 00:25:19.920
 unto in the

00:25:19.920 --> 00:25:20.600
 ordering of the

00:25:20.600 --> 00:25:21.720
 affairs of the

00:25:21.720 --> 00:25:22.460
 government of this

00:25:22.460 --> 00:25:22.980
 plantation.

00:25:23.680 --> 00:25:24.519
 So we don't want

00:25:24.519 --> 00:25:25.060
 to just look

00:25:25.060 --> 00:25:25.860
 through a book of

00:25:25.860 --> 00:25:26.660
 aphorisms or

00:25:26.660 --> 00:25:27.720
 Bartlett's quotes

00:25:27.720 --> 00:25:28.300
 of wisdom.

00:25:28.299 --> 00:25:29.460
 No, just the

00:25:29.460 --> 00:25:29.839
 Bible.

00:25:30.059 --> 00:25:30.799
 That's it.

00:25:31.119 --> 00:25:31.960
 That's all we're

00:25:31.960 --> 00:25:32.940
 going to look on.

00:25:33.440 --> 00:25:34.099
 We'll do this.

00:25:35.740 --> 00:25:36.559
 Davenport was

00:25:36.559 --> 00:25:37.720
 convinced that

00:25:37.720 --> 00:25:38.680
 what they

00:25:38.680 --> 00:25:40.279
 established right

00:25:40.279 --> 00:25:41.639
 at the beginning

00:25:41.639 --> 00:25:43.500
 would be critical.

00:25:44.419 --> 00:25:45.839
 For in his sad

00:25:45.839 --> 00:25:46.799
 experience in

00:25:46.799 --> 00:25:48.059
 England and from

00:25:48.059 --> 00:25:49.079
 wider observations,

00:25:49.440 --> 00:25:51.059
 he maintained that

00:25:51.059 --> 00:25:52.019
 once Reformation

00:25:52.019 --> 00:25:53.220
 is brought about,

00:25:53.839 --> 00:25:55.359
 it is rarely

00:25:55.359 --> 00:25:57.119
 afterwards carried

00:25:57.119 --> 00:25:58.599
 on even one

00:25:58.599 --> 00:26:00.019
 step further

00:26:00.019 --> 00:26:01.259
 than the first

00:26:01.259 --> 00:26:02.439
 Reformers achieved

00:26:02.439 --> 00:26:03.500
 in their first

00:26:03.500 --> 00:26:03.959
 endeavors.

00:26:04.979 --> 00:26:05.979
 As he put it,

00:26:06.559 --> 00:26:06.759
 quote,

00:26:07.079 --> 00:26:08.339
 as easily might

00:26:08.339 --> 00:26:09.099
 the Ark,

00:26:09.279 --> 00:26:09.899
 Noah's Ark,

00:26:10.059 --> 00:26:11.119
 as easily might

00:26:11.119 --> 00:26:12.199
 the Ark have

00:26:12.199 --> 00:26:13.259
 been removed from

00:26:13.259 --> 00:26:14.000
 the mountain of

00:26:14.000 --> 00:26:14.479
 Ararat,

00:26:15.059 --> 00:26:15.799
 where it first

00:26:15.799 --> 00:26:18.479
 grounded as a

00:26:18.479 --> 00:26:20.119
 people get any

00:26:20.119 --> 00:26:21.000
 ground in

00:26:21.000 --> 00:26:22.519
 Reformation after

00:26:22.519 --> 00:26:23.519
 and beyond the

00:26:23.519 --> 00:26:24.779
 first remove of

00:26:24.779 --> 00:26:25.599
 the Reformers.

00:26:25.599 --> 00:26:28.199
 So, if their

00:26:28.199 --> 00:26:29.219
 first shot had to

00:26:29.219 --> 00:26:31.099
 count, they

00:26:31.099 --> 00:26:32.099
 would make it

00:26:32.099 --> 00:26:32.659
 count.

00:26:33.659 --> 00:26:34.399
 And accordingly,

00:26:34.879 --> 00:26:35.539
 and again in

00:26:35.539 --> 00:26:36.339
 Davenport's word,

00:26:36.459 --> 00:26:37.899
 we must drive

00:26:37.899 --> 00:26:38.839
 things in their

00:26:38.839 --> 00:26:39.939
 first essay, or

00:26:39.939 --> 00:26:41.579
 first attempt, as

00:26:41.579 --> 00:26:42.659
 near to the

00:26:42.659 --> 00:26:43.500
 precept and

00:26:43.500 --> 00:26:44.079
 pattern of

00:26:44.079 --> 00:26:45.279
 Scripture as

00:26:45.279 --> 00:26:46.299
 they can be

00:26:46.299 --> 00:26:46.779
 driven.

00:26:47.579 --> 00:26:48.240
 That's what we

00:26:48.240 --> 00:26:48.759
 want to do.

00:26:49.839 --> 00:26:50.500
 They would

00:26:50.500 --> 00:26:51.119
 endeavor in the

00:26:51.119 --> 00:26:51.759
 words of Cotton

00:26:51.759 --> 00:26:52.659
 Mather, quote,

00:26:52.660 --> 00:26:54.259
 a yet stricter

00:26:54.259 --> 00:26:55.360
 conformity to

00:26:55.360 --> 00:26:55.860
 the word of

00:26:55.860 --> 00:26:57.080
 God in

00:26:57.080 --> 00:26:57.680
 settling of

00:26:57.680 --> 00:26:58.460
 all matters,

00:26:58.580 --> 00:26:59.380
 both civil and

00:26:59.380 --> 00:27:00.340
 sacred, than

00:27:00.340 --> 00:27:01.279
 had yet been

00:27:01.279 --> 00:27:02.480
 seen exemplified

00:27:02.480 --> 00:27:04.100
 in any other

00:27:04.100 --> 00:27:04.880
 part of the

00:27:04.880 --> 00:27:05.279
 world.

00:27:06.300 --> 00:27:06.880
 It's remarkable,

00:27:07.100 --> 00:27:07.900
 remarkable

00:27:07.900 --> 00:27:08.740
 distinctive here

00:27:08.740 --> 00:27:09.300
 of New Haven,

00:27:09.580 --> 00:27:10.100
 New Haven

00:27:10.100 --> 00:27:10.560
 Colony.

00:27:12.500 --> 00:27:13.240
 Even the

00:27:13.240 --> 00:27:15.460
 layout, the

00:27:15.460 --> 00:27:16.040
 nine squares,

00:27:16.120 --> 00:27:16.440
 you'll kind of

00:27:16.440 --> 00:27:17.220
 recognize that.

00:27:17.340 --> 00:27:17.720
 This is the

00:27:17.720 --> 00:27:21.400
 original, even

00:27:21.400 --> 00:27:22.279
 the layout of

00:27:22.279 --> 00:27:23.000
 the town,

00:27:24.259 --> 00:27:25.640
 drew upon

00:27:25.640 --> 00:27:26.620
 scriptural

00:27:26.620 --> 00:27:27.100
 models.

00:27:27.720 --> 00:27:28.100
 How do we

00:27:28.100 --> 00:27:28.839
 plan this

00:27:28.839 --> 00:27:29.000
 thing?

00:27:29.200 --> 00:27:29.660
 Well, what

00:27:29.660 --> 00:27:29.920
 sort of

00:27:29.920 --> 00:27:30.259
 biblical

00:27:30.259 --> 00:27:31.759
 directives do

00:27:31.759 --> 00:27:32.059
 we have?

00:27:32.360 --> 00:27:32.660
 Well, how

00:27:32.660 --> 00:27:33.500
 about the

00:27:33.500 --> 00:27:33.819
 way the

00:27:33.819 --> 00:27:34.460
 tribes of

00:27:34.460 --> 00:27:36.240
 Israel went

00:27:36.240 --> 00:27:36.779
 through the

00:27:36.779 --> 00:27:37.100
 wilderness,

00:27:37.440 --> 00:27:38.140
 gathered around

00:27:38.140 --> 00:27:38.700
 the central

00:27:38.700 --> 00:27:39.380
 tabernacle?

00:27:39.920 --> 00:27:40.220
 So the

00:27:40.220 --> 00:27:40.720
 meeting house

00:27:40.720 --> 00:27:41.079
 will be right

00:27:41.079 --> 00:27:41.460
 in the center,

00:27:41.519 --> 00:27:41.759
 and we'll put

00:27:41.759 --> 00:27:42.279
 everything around

00:27:42.279 --> 00:27:42.519
 that.

00:27:42.759 --> 00:27:43.339
 Oh, good.

00:27:43.759 --> 00:27:44.319
 Well, where

00:27:44.319 --> 00:27:44.900
 will we put

00:27:44.900 --> 00:27:45.700
 Theophilus

00:27:45.700 --> 00:27:46.960
 Eaton's house?

00:27:47.019 --> 00:27:47.440
 Where will we

00:27:47.440 --> 00:27:47.940
 build his

00:27:47.940 --> 00:27:48.340
 house?

00:27:49.019 --> 00:27:50.700
 Well, where

00:27:50.700 --> 00:27:51.420
 was Moses'

00:27:51.720 --> 00:27:52.259
 tent in

00:27:52.259 --> 00:27:52.779
 relation to

00:27:52.779 --> 00:27:53.480
 the tabernacle?

00:27:53.759 --> 00:27:54.180
 Well, it was

00:27:54.180 --> 00:27:54.720
 on the east

00:27:54.720 --> 00:27:56.720
 side of the

00:27:56.720 --> 00:27:57.299
 tabernacle.

00:27:57.559 --> 00:27:58.200
 We'll build

00:27:58.200 --> 00:27:59.240
 Theophilus Eaton

00:27:59.240 --> 00:27:59.799
 the governor's

00:27:59.799 --> 00:28:00.360
 house there.

00:28:01.900 --> 00:28:02.720
 How about

00:28:02.720 --> 00:28:03.640
 John Davenport,

00:28:03.740 --> 00:28:04.019
 the minister?

00:28:04.299 --> 00:28:04.700
 Well, where

00:28:04.700 --> 00:28:05.340
 did Aaron

00:28:05.340 --> 00:28:05.940
 have his

00:28:05.940 --> 00:28:06.320
 tent?

00:28:07.100 --> 00:28:08.779
 We'll build

00:28:08.779 --> 00:28:09.660
 Davenport's

00:28:09.660 --> 00:28:10.320
 house there.

00:28:10.539 --> 00:28:10.820
 You see?

00:28:10.980 --> 00:28:11.620
 I mean, they're

00:28:11.620 --> 00:28:12.340
 really working

00:28:12.340 --> 00:28:12.920
 this thing.

00:28:13.059 --> 00:28:13.559
 They are really

00:28:13.559 --> 00:28:14.559
 working it.

00:28:15.700 --> 00:28:16.460
 The meeting

00:28:16.460 --> 00:28:16.980
 house, of

00:28:16.980 --> 00:28:17.460
 course, in

00:28:17.460 --> 00:28:18.140
 the center.

00:28:18.759 --> 00:28:19.279
 What was

00:28:19.279 --> 00:28:19.839
 it like?

00:28:21.980 --> 00:28:22.940
 Well, for

00:28:22.940 --> 00:28:23.400
 one thing, it

00:28:23.400 --> 00:28:24.120
 was cold.

00:28:24.660 --> 00:28:25.220
 They spent a

00:28:25.220 --> 00:28:25.839
 lot of time in

00:28:25.839 --> 00:28:26.279
 that meeting

00:28:26.279 --> 00:28:26.579
 house.

00:28:26.740 --> 00:28:27.099
 Church was

00:28:27.099 --> 00:28:27.500
 the people,

00:28:27.579 --> 00:28:27.880
 as you know,

00:28:27.960 --> 00:28:28.440
 the meeting

00:28:28.440 --> 00:28:28.720
 house.

00:28:29.039 --> 00:28:29.980
 Really cold.

00:28:30.420 --> 00:28:30.700
 The women

00:28:30.700 --> 00:28:31.200
 would bring

00:28:31.200 --> 00:28:32.500
 no heating

00:28:32.500 --> 00:28:32.960
 at all.

00:28:33.079 --> 00:28:33.339
 The women

00:28:33.339 --> 00:28:33.799
 would bring

00:28:33.799 --> 00:28:35.120
 in warming

00:28:35.120 --> 00:28:35.640
 pans.

00:28:35.720 --> 00:28:36.019
 It was kind

00:28:36.019 --> 00:28:36.240
 of like an

00:28:36.240 --> 00:28:36.799
 old-fashioned

00:28:36.799 --> 00:28:37.500
 iron where

00:28:37.500 --> 00:28:37.740
 you put

00:28:37.740 --> 00:28:38.220
 coals in

00:28:38.220 --> 00:28:38.440
 it and you

00:28:38.440 --> 00:28:38.880
 slip it

00:28:38.880 --> 00:28:39.140
 under your

00:28:39.140 --> 00:28:39.360
 feet.

00:28:39.759 --> 00:28:40.380
 The men

00:28:40.380 --> 00:28:41.079
 thought this

00:28:41.079 --> 00:28:41.680
 was beneath

00:28:41.680 --> 00:28:42.039
 them.

00:28:42.220 --> 00:28:42.519
 We don't

00:28:42.519 --> 00:28:43.079
 need warming

00:28:43.079 --> 00:28:43.579
 pans.

00:28:43.880 --> 00:28:44.180
 So what

00:28:44.180 --> 00:28:44.560
 they would

00:28:44.560 --> 00:28:44.880
 do so

00:28:44.880 --> 00:28:45.519
 their feet

00:28:45.519 --> 00:28:45.779
 wouldn't

00:28:45.779 --> 00:28:47.000
 freeze is

00:28:47.000 --> 00:28:47.279
 they would

00:28:47.279 --> 00:28:47.620
 bring in

00:28:47.620 --> 00:28:48.060
 their hunting

00:28:48.060 --> 00:28:49.600
 dogs and

00:28:49.600 --> 00:28:49.920
 they would

00:28:49.920 --> 00:28:50.380
 train them

00:28:50.380 --> 00:28:50.759
 to sit

00:28:50.759 --> 00:28:51.480
 down at

00:28:51.480 --> 00:28:51.940
 their feet

00:28:51.940 --> 00:28:52.320
 to just

00:28:52.320 --> 00:28:53.160
 warm them

00:28:53.160 --> 00:28:53.440
 with all

00:28:53.440 --> 00:28:54.060
 the fluff.

00:28:54.700 --> 00:28:54.820
 In

00:28:54.820 --> 00:28:55.259
 consequence,

00:28:55.519 --> 00:28:55.660
 it's

00:28:55.660 --> 00:28:56.000
 hilarious,

00:28:56.160 --> 00:28:57.779
 do you

00:28:57.779 --> 00:28:58.539
 realize one

00:28:58.539 --> 00:28:58.960
 of the

00:28:58.960 --> 00:28:59.400
 actual

00:28:59.400 --> 00:28:59.820
 official

00:28:59.820 --> 00:29:00.480
 diaconal

00:29:00.480 --> 00:29:01.420
 posts in

00:29:01.420 --> 00:29:01.720
 the first

00:29:01.720 --> 00:29:02.640
 church there

00:29:02.640 --> 00:29:04.000
 in New

00:29:04.000 --> 00:29:04.720
 Haven was

00:29:04.720 --> 00:29:05.259
 called the

00:29:05.259 --> 00:29:05.980
 dog whipper.

00:29:06.380 --> 00:29:06.940
 They actually

00:29:06.940 --> 00:29:07.700
 had a deacon

00:29:07.700 --> 00:29:08.960
 devoted to

00:29:08.960 --> 00:29:09.519
 taking care of

00:29:09.519 --> 00:29:09.779
 all the

00:29:09.779 --> 00:29:10.440
 dogs that

00:29:10.440 --> 00:29:10.619
 were in

00:29:10.619 --> 00:29:10.740
 the

00:29:10.740 --> 00:29:11.119
 sanctuary

00:29:11.119 --> 00:29:11.720
 because dogs

00:29:11.720 --> 00:29:12.339
 were welcome

00:29:12.339 --> 00:29:12.879
 in the

00:29:12.879 --> 00:29:13.200
 church,

00:29:13.480 --> 00:29:14.599
 in the

00:29:14.599 --> 00:29:14.779
 meeting

00:29:14.779 --> 00:29:15.059
 house.

00:29:15.240 --> 00:29:16.039
 How else

00:29:16.039 --> 00:29:16.180
 were you

00:29:16.180 --> 00:29:16.299
 going to

00:29:16.299 --> 00:29:16.579
 warm your

00:29:16.579 --> 00:29:17.039
 feet if

00:29:17.039 --> 00:29:17.240
 you were

00:29:17.240 --> 00:29:17.519
 a man

00:29:17.519 --> 00:29:18.119
 other than

00:29:18.119 --> 00:29:18.680
 hunting dogs?

00:29:19.460 --> 00:29:19.619
 So,

00:29:20.619 --> 00:29:21.099
 yeah,

00:29:21.299 --> 00:29:21.960
 the dog

00:29:21.960 --> 00:29:22.200
 whipper.

00:29:22.519 --> 00:29:22.900
 Though my

00:29:22.900 --> 00:29:23.440
 favorite

00:29:23.440 --> 00:29:24.039
 diaconal

00:29:24.039 --> 00:29:25.359
 post was

00:29:25.359 --> 00:29:25.960
 one was

00:29:25.960 --> 00:29:26.539
 designated

00:29:26.539 --> 00:29:27.220
 the wielder

00:29:27.220 --> 00:29:27.559
 of the

00:29:27.559 --> 00:29:27.940
 tickle

00:29:27.940 --> 00:29:28.420
 wand.

00:29:29.139 --> 00:29:30.180
 A tickle

00:29:30.180 --> 00:29:30.440
 wand?

00:29:30.680 --> 00:29:31.279
 Just to

00:29:31.279 --> 00:29:31.720
 make sure

00:29:31.720 --> 00:29:32.079
 that no

00:29:32.079 --> 00:29:32.680
 one missed

00:29:32.680 --> 00:29:33.339
 a potential

00:29:33.339 --> 00:29:34.220
 edification if

00:29:34.220 --> 00:29:34.599
 they started

00:29:34.599 --> 00:29:35.200
 to doze

00:29:35.200 --> 00:29:35.639
 off.

00:29:36.039 --> 00:29:36.379
 There was

00:29:36.379 --> 00:29:36.819
 someone that

00:29:36.819 --> 00:29:37.639
 had basically

00:29:37.639 --> 00:29:38.240
 a long

00:29:38.240 --> 00:29:39.160
 pool cue.

00:29:39.519 --> 00:29:40.119
 It had

00:29:40.119 --> 00:29:41.799
 mercifully a

00:29:41.799 --> 00:29:42.259
 feather at

00:29:42.259 --> 00:29:42.799
 one end,

00:29:43.299 --> 00:29:43.740
 but less

00:29:43.740 --> 00:29:44.420
 so a

00:29:44.420 --> 00:29:45.240
 thorn at

00:29:45.240 --> 00:29:45.599
 the other

00:29:45.599 --> 00:29:46.000
 end.

00:29:46.400 --> 00:29:46.639
 So you

00:29:46.639 --> 00:29:46.920
 would first

00:29:46.920 --> 00:29:47.200
 try to

00:29:47.200 --> 00:29:47.559
 tickle them

00:29:47.559 --> 00:29:47.740
 in the

00:29:47.740 --> 00:29:48.200
 earlobe,

00:29:48.279 --> 00:29:48.639
 and if

00:29:48.639 --> 00:29:48.799
 they

00:29:48.799 --> 00:29:49.000
 couldn't

00:29:49.000 --> 00:29:49.180
 wake

00:29:49.180 --> 00:29:49.400
 them up,

00:29:49.460 --> 00:29:49.579
 you'd

00:29:49.579 --> 00:29:49.920
 pick that

00:29:49.920 --> 00:29:51.039
 and get

00:29:51.039 --> 00:29:51.220
 them.

00:29:51.539 --> 00:29:52.059
 Make sure

00:29:52.059 --> 00:29:52.359
 they didn't

00:29:52.359 --> 00:29:52.639
 miss

00:29:52.639 --> 00:29:53.420
 edification.

00:29:54.160 --> 00:29:54.559
 It seemed

00:29:54.559 --> 00:29:54.839
 that they

00:29:54.839 --> 00:29:55.119
 liked

00:29:55.119 --> 00:29:55.639
 edification.

00:29:56.319 --> 00:29:56.960
 I remember

00:29:56.960 --> 00:29:57.339
 reading through

00:29:57.339 --> 00:29:57.539
 these

00:29:57.539 --> 00:29:58.299
 manuscripts of

00:29:58.299 --> 00:29:58.559
 some of

00:29:58.559 --> 00:29:58.879
 the first

00:29:58.879 --> 00:29:59.400
 sermons

00:29:59.400 --> 00:29:59.680
 that were

00:29:59.680 --> 00:30:00.639
 preached

00:30:00.639 --> 00:30:00.920
 there,

00:30:01.160 --> 00:30:01.440
 and I

00:30:01.440 --> 00:30:01.740
 see this

00:30:01.740 --> 00:30:01.900
 little

00:30:01.900 --> 00:30:02.460
 notation.

00:30:03.440 --> 00:30:03.859
 At the

00:30:03.859 --> 00:30:04.079
 end of

00:30:04.079 --> 00:30:04.359
 the thing,

00:30:04.440 --> 00:30:04.599
 someone

00:30:04.599 --> 00:30:04.799
 had written

00:30:04.799 --> 00:30:04.980
 it and

00:30:04.980 --> 00:30:05.079
 said,

00:30:05.299 --> 00:30:05.859
 they begged

00:30:05.859 --> 00:30:06.379
 for another

00:30:06.379 --> 00:30:07.000
 glass.

00:30:07.159 --> 00:30:07.439
 I thought,

00:30:07.679 --> 00:30:08.039
 what does

00:30:08.039 --> 00:30:08.559
 that mean?

00:30:09.179 --> 00:30:09.899
 Just really

00:30:09.899 --> 00:30:10.839
 good refreshments?

00:30:11.059 --> 00:30:12.059
 Is it good

00:30:12.059 --> 00:30:12.339
 ale?

00:30:12.500 --> 00:30:12.939
 I need

00:30:12.939 --> 00:30:13.539
 another glass

00:30:13.539 --> 00:30:13.779
 of ale?

00:30:14.179 --> 00:30:14.979
 And then I

00:30:14.979 --> 00:30:15.419
 went to

00:30:15.419 --> 00:30:15.959
 this old

00:30:15.959 --> 00:30:16.479
 Puritan

00:30:16.479 --> 00:30:17.519
 meeting house,

00:30:17.819 --> 00:30:18.439
 and at the

00:30:18.439 --> 00:30:18.799
 lectern,

00:30:19.039 --> 00:30:19.339
 there was a

00:30:19.339 --> 00:30:20.059
 big iron

00:30:20.059 --> 00:30:20.579
 arm,

00:30:21.019 --> 00:30:21.219
 and I

00:30:21.219 --> 00:30:21.559
 discovered

00:30:21.559 --> 00:30:21.859
 it had

00:30:21.859 --> 00:30:22.240
 held

00:30:22.240 --> 00:30:22.740
 originally,

00:30:22.879 --> 00:30:23.059
 they would

00:30:23.059 --> 00:30:24.299
 have hour

00:30:24.299 --> 00:30:24.839
 glasses.

00:30:25.759 --> 00:30:26.240
 So when

00:30:26.240 --> 00:30:26.599
 the preacher

00:30:26.599 --> 00:30:27.099
 would come,

00:30:27.339 --> 00:30:27.719
 Davenport

00:30:27.719 --> 00:30:28.479
 would turn

00:30:28.479 --> 00:30:30.000
 over the

00:30:30.000 --> 00:30:30.979
 hour glass,

00:30:31.119 --> 00:30:31.379
 and he

00:30:31.379 --> 00:30:32.059
 would preach

00:30:32.059 --> 00:30:32.539
 to them

00:30:32.539 --> 00:30:32.939
 for an

00:30:32.939 --> 00:30:33.240
 hour.

00:30:33.839 --> 00:30:34.299
 And if

00:30:34.299 --> 00:30:35.259
 particularly

00:30:35.259 --> 00:30:35.839
 the spirit

00:30:35.839 --> 00:30:36.679
 was moving

00:30:36.679 --> 00:30:37.099
 and people

00:30:37.099 --> 00:30:37.799
 were feeling

00:30:37.799 --> 00:30:38.220
 that the

00:30:38.220 --> 00:30:39.000
 gospel was

00:30:39.000 --> 00:30:40.119
 evangelizing

00:30:40.119 --> 00:30:40.659
 their hearts

00:30:40.659 --> 00:30:41.240
 and changing

00:30:41.240 --> 00:30:41.500
 them,

00:30:41.579 --> 00:30:42.079
 they would

00:30:42.079 --> 00:30:43.159
 beg for

00:30:43.159 --> 00:30:44.220
 another glass.

00:30:44.939 --> 00:30:45.179
 In other

00:30:45.179 --> 00:30:45.339
 words,

00:30:45.480 --> 00:30:46.119
 turn that

00:30:46.119 --> 00:30:46.579
 thing over

00:30:46.579 --> 00:30:47.139
 and keep

00:30:47.139 --> 00:30:47.720
 preaching to

00:30:47.720 --> 00:30:48.039
 us.

00:30:48.539 --> 00:30:49.119
 The spirit

00:30:49.119 --> 00:30:49.980
 is afoot

00:30:49.980 --> 00:30:50.159
 here.

00:30:50.220 --> 00:30:50.419
 That's

00:30:50.419 --> 00:30:50.720
 mixing

00:30:50.720 --> 00:30:51.459
 metaphors.

00:30:51.939 --> 00:30:52.799
 The spirit

00:30:52.799 --> 00:30:53.359
 is at work

00:30:53.359 --> 00:30:53.699
 here.

00:30:53.939 --> 00:30:54.439
 So they

00:30:54.439 --> 00:30:54.799
 would beg

00:30:54.799 --> 00:30:55.179
 for another

00:30:55.179 --> 00:30:55.639
 glass.

00:30:56.980 --> 00:30:58.179
 So that's

00:30:58.179 --> 00:30:58.659
 the church.

00:31:00.459 --> 00:31:01.000
 Civil

00:31:01.000 --> 00:31:01.459
 code.

00:31:02.679 --> 00:31:03.279
 Oh,

00:31:03.419 --> 00:31:03.759
 another

00:31:03.759 --> 00:31:04.459
 fun thing.

00:31:04.460 --> 00:31:05.940
 all the

00:31:05.940 --> 00:31:06.480
 children

00:31:06.480 --> 00:31:07.500
 had to

00:31:07.500 --> 00:31:08.120
 sit in

00:31:08.120 --> 00:31:08.620
 the back

00:31:08.620 --> 00:31:09.039
 row

00:31:09.039 --> 00:31:10.519
 interleaved

00:31:10.519 --> 00:31:10.920
 with the

00:31:10.920 --> 00:31:11.500
 young men

00:31:11.500 --> 00:31:12.600
 in full

00:31:12.600 --> 00:31:13.259
 arms.

00:31:13.460 --> 00:31:13.940
 They thought

00:31:13.940 --> 00:31:14.319
 in case

00:31:14.319 --> 00:31:14.539
 there would

00:31:14.539 --> 00:31:14.759
 be a

00:31:14.759 --> 00:31:14.920
 Native

00:31:14.920 --> 00:31:15.380
 American

00:31:15.380 --> 00:31:15.880
 raid,

00:31:16.340 --> 00:31:17.059
 so you

00:31:17.059 --> 00:31:17.400
 would always

00:31:17.400 --> 00:31:17.700
 attend,

00:31:17.759 --> 00:31:17.940
 if you

00:31:17.940 --> 00:31:18.140
 were a

00:31:18.140 --> 00:31:18.480
 young man,

00:31:18.519 --> 00:31:18.680
 you would

00:31:18.680 --> 00:31:18.940
 have to

00:31:18.940 --> 00:31:19.240
 attend

00:31:19.240 --> 00:31:19.640
 church

00:31:19.640 --> 00:31:20.340
 in your

00:31:20.340 --> 00:31:20.840
 full

00:31:20.840 --> 00:31:21.259
 arms,

00:31:21.380 --> 00:31:21.840
 sword and

00:31:21.840 --> 00:31:22.140
 everything.

00:31:22.680 --> 00:31:22.880
 And they

00:31:22.880 --> 00:31:23.120
 thought,

00:31:23.240 --> 00:31:23.360
 oh,

00:31:23.400 --> 00:31:23.700
 this is

00:31:23.700 --> 00:31:23.980
 handy.

00:31:24.079 --> 00:31:24.200
 We'll

00:31:24.200 --> 00:31:24.519
 have the

00:31:24.519 --> 00:31:24.700
 little

00:31:24.700 --> 00:31:25.319
 uproarious

00:31:25.319 --> 00:31:26.180
 kids sit

00:31:26.180 --> 00:31:26.579
 between

00:31:26.579 --> 00:31:27.000
 fully

00:31:27.000 --> 00:31:27.380
 armed

00:31:27.380 --> 00:31:27.940
 people to

00:31:27.940 --> 00:31:28.240
 make sure

00:31:28.240 --> 00:31:28.539
 that they

00:31:28.539 --> 00:31:28.779
 stayed

00:31:28.779 --> 00:31:29.140
 quiet.

00:31:29.140 --> 00:31:29.660
 So,

00:31:29.759 --> 00:31:30.100
 there's

00:31:30.100 --> 00:31:30.320
 another

00:31:30.320 --> 00:31:30.880
 provision

00:31:30.880 --> 00:31:31.300
 that they

00:31:31.300 --> 00:31:32.300
 had.

00:31:33.740 --> 00:31:34.460
 The

00:31:34.460 --> 00:31:34.800
 civil

00:31:34.800 --> 00:31:35.220
 code.

00:31:36.060 --> 00:31:36.560
 Well,

00:31:36.759 --> 00:31:37.080
 they

00:31:37.080 --> 00:31:37.660
 determined

00:31:37.660 --> 00:31:38.220
 that they

00:31:38.220 --> 00:31:38.960
 would adopt

00:31:38.960 --> 00:31:40.720
 the laws

00:31:40.720 --> 00:31:41.460
 of Moses.

00:31:42.540 --> 00:31:43.259
 Despite

00:31:43.259 --> 00:31:43.900
 the fact

00:31:43.900 --> 00:31:44.400
 that they

00:31:44.400 --> 00:31:45.020
 were

00:31:45.020 --> 00:31:45.560
 English,

00:31:45.920 --> 00:31:46.520
 they did

00:31:46.520 --> 00:31:47.080
 not bring

00:31:47.080 --> 00:31:47.800
 over English

00:31:47.800 --> 00:31:48.280
 common

00:31:48.280 --> 00:31:48.800
 law.

00:31:50.220 --> 00:31:50.800
 Sometimes

00:31:50.800 --> 00:31:51.180
 when I

00:31:51.180 --> 00:31:52.720
 mention this

00:31:52.720 --> 00:31:53.960
 to groups

00:31:53.960 --> 00:31:54.400
 a little bit

00:31:54.400 --> 00:31:55.060
 less sympathetic

00:31:55.060 --> 00:31:55.680
 perhaps than

00:31:55.680 --> 00:31:56.040
 this one,

00:31:56.540 --> 00:31:57.560
 I hear this

00:31:57.560 --> 00:31:58.460
 audible shriek,

00:31:58.460 --> 00:32:00.420
 how barbaric,

00:32:00.660 --> 00:32:01.180
 the laws

00:32:01.180 --> 00:32:01.480
 of the

00:32:01.480 --> 00:32:01.860
 Bible.

00:32:03.200 --> 00:32:05.000
 And so

00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:05.799
 I quickly

00:32:05.799 --> 00:32:07.460
 then ask,

00:32:07.680 --> 00:32:08.420
 remind them

00:32:08.420 --> 00:32:08.880
 that the

00:32:08.880 --> 00:32:09.500
 period

00:32:09.500 --> 00:32:10.000
 alternative

00:32:10.000 --> 00:32:10.740
 would have

00:32:10.740 --> 00:32:11.079
 been English

00:32:11.079 --> 00:32:11.400
 common

00:32:11.400 --> 00:32:11.779
 law.

00:32:12.380 --> 00:32:13.059
 And English

00:32:13.059 --> 00:32:13.400
 common

00:32:13.400 --> 00:32:14.559
 law prescribed

00:32:14.559 --> 00:32:16.000
 over 150

00:32:16.000 --> 00:32:17.559
 offenses that

00:32:17.559 --> 00:32:18.240
 were capital

00:32:18.240 --> 00:32:18.740
 offenses.

00:32:19.519 --> 00:32:20.160
 You pick up

00:32:20.160 --> 00:32:21.039
 sticks on the

00:32:21.039 --> 00:32:21.740
 Lord's land

00:32:21.740 --> 00:32:22.039
 and they'll

00:32:22.039 --> 00:32:22.620
 kill you.

00:32:23.420 --> 00:32:24.220
 And then I

00:32:24.220 --> 00:32:24.400
 say,

00:32:24.500 --> 00:32:24.600
 well,

00:32:24.680 --> 00:32:25.180
 how many

00:32:25.180 --> 00:32:25.799
 capital

00:32:25.799 --> 00:32:26.360
 offenses do

00:32:26.360 --> 00:32:26.620
 you think

00:32:26.620 --> 00:32:27.120
 the Mosaic

00:32:27.120 --> 00:32:28.019
 law has?

00:32:28.460 --> 00:32:29.240
 Thousands!

00:32:29.640 --> 00:32:30.000
 No,

00:32:30.440 --> 00:32:31.180
 11.

00:32:31.779 --> 00:32:32.200
 11.

00:32:32.579 --> 00:32:33.240
 So really

00:32:33.240 --> 00:32:33.779
 this was the

00:32:33.779 --> 00:32:34.259
 height of

00:32:34.259 --> 00:32:35.579
 legal progressivism

00:32:35.579 --> 00:32:37.000
 to take over

00:32:37.000 --> 00:32:38.160
 the Old

00:32:38.160 --> 00:32:38.519
 Testament

00:32:38.519 --> 00:32:39.759
 laws.

00:32:40.539 --> 00:32:40.759
 Well,

00:32:40.799 --> 00:32:40.980
 how did

00:32:40.980 --> 00:32:42.019
 this practically

00:32:42.019 --> 00:32:42.860
 work out?

00:32:43.940 --> 00:32:44.559
 Well,

00:32:44.759 --> 00:32:45.519
 when someone

00:32:45.519 --> 00:32:46.279
 did something

00:32:46.279 --> 00:32:46.779
 wrong,

00:32:47.220 --> 00:32:47.860
 the appointed

00:32:47.860 --> 00:32:48.400
 governor,

00:32:48.620 --> 00:32:49.220
 in the first

00:32:49.220 --> 00:32:49.880
 instance it was

00:32:49.880 --> 00:32:50.539
 Theophilus

00:32:50.539 --> 00:32:50.860
 Eaton,

00:32:51.400 --> 00:32:51.840
 he'd call

00:32:51.840 --> 00:32:52.140
 him over

00:32:52.140 --> 00:32:52.400
 and they

00:32:52.400 --> 00:32:52.740
 would open

00:32:52.740 --> 00:32:53.299
 their Bibles

00:32:53.299 --> 00:32:53.779
 together

00:32:53.779 --> 00:32:54.900
 and look

00:32:54.900 --> 00:32:55.660
 in the Bible

00:32:55.660 --> 00:32:56.140
 and he

00:32:56.140 --> 00:32:57.059
 would admonish

00:32:57.059 --> 00:32:57.839
 the offender

00:32:57.839 --> 00:33:00.359
 from the

00:33:00.359 --> 00:33:00.679
 scriptures

00:33:00.679 --> 00:33:01.679
 and then

00:33:01.679 --> 00:33:01.980
 if there

00:33:01.980 --> 00:33:02.779
 needed to

00:33:02.779 --> 00:33:02.980
 be a

00:33:02.980 --> 00:33:03.359
 repentance

00:33:03.359 --> 00:33:03.899
 or if there

00:33:03.899 --> 00:33:04.139
 was a

00:33:04.139 --> 00:33:04.519
 punishment,

00:33:04.899 --> 00:33:05.139
 he would

00:33:05.139 --> 00:33:05.960
 prescribe that

00:33:05.960 --> 00:33:06.879
 from the

00:33:06.879 --> 00:33:07.179
 scriptures.

00:33:07.819 --> 00:33:08.519
 And if he,

00:33:08.659 --> 00:33:09.079
 the governor,

00:33:09.179 --> 00:33:09.819
 Theophilus Eaton,

00:33:09.879 --> 00:33:10.879
 had any hesitation,

00:33:11.460 --> 00:33:12.119
 he would

00:33:12.119 --> 00:33:12.819
 consult

00:33:12.819 --> 00:33:14.559
 Greg,

00:33:14.700 --> 00:33:14.960
 Matt,

00:33:15.039 --> 00:33:15.539
 or Nick.

00:33:15.799 --> 00:33:16.200
 Well,

00:33:16.259 --> 00:33:16.720
 in this case,

00:33:16.799 --> 00:33:17.379
 Davenport,

00:33:17.579 --> 00:33:18.639
 consult Davenport

00:33:18.639 --> 00:33:20.139
 as to how to

00:33:20.139 --> 00:33:20.700
 read the scriptures

00:33:20.700 --> 00:33:21.460
 on these matters

00:33:21.460 --> 00:33:21.940
 and then they

00:33:21.940 --> 00:33:22.639
 would settle

00:33:22.640 --> 00:33:23.020
 the matter.

00:33:24.240 --> 00:33:25.420
 Modern studies

00:33:25.420 --> 00:33:26.280
 have been

00:33:26.280 --> 00:33:27.180
 extremely

00:33:27.180 --> 00:33:28.160
 impressed

00:33:28.160 --> 00:33:29.560
 at how

00:33:29.560 --> 00:33:30.600
 hospitable

00:33:30.600 --> 00:33:31.320
 this court

00:33:31.320 --> 00:33:31.640
 was,

00:33:31.740 --> 00:33:32.280
 particularly

00:33:32.280 --> 00:33:33.400
 to women.

00:33:34.680 --> 00:33:35.120
 Their

00:33:35.120 --> 00:33:35.720
 testimony

00:33:35.720 --> 00:33:36.660
 was credited

00:33:36.660 --> 00:33:38.080
 in

00:33:38.080 --> 00:33:39.759
 sexual abuse

00:33:39.759 --> 00:33:40.500
 charges

00:33:40.500 --> 00:33:41.460
 every time.

00:33:42.480 --> 00:33:43.300
 Very

00:33:43.300 --> 00:33:43.860
 impressive,

00:33:44.160 --> 00:33:45.080
 very impressive.

00:33:45.759 --> 00:33:46.980
 The image

00:33:46.980 --> 00:33:47.340
 that we

00:33:47.340 --> 00:33:48.360
 often have

00:33:48.360 --> 00:33:48.600
 of

00:33:48.600 --> 00:33:50.640
 over-criminalizing,

00:33:50.880 --> 00:33:51.920
 an over-criminalizing

00:33:51.920 --> 00:33:52.560
 law,

00:33:53.500 --> 00:33:55.320
 images of

00:33:55.320 --> 00:33:56.220
 stalks or

00:33:56.220 --> 00:33:56.860
 whippings or

00:33:56.860 --> 00:33:57.380
 that sort of

00:33:57.380 --> 00:33:57.660
 thing,

00:33:58.019 --> 00:33:58.660
 it just doesn't

00:33:58.660 --> 00:33:59.279
 bear out.

00:34:01.000 --> 00:34:01.539
 In the

00:34:01.539 --> 00:34:02.860
 first decade,

00:34:03.200 --> 00:34:03.620
 and we have

00:34:03.620 --> 00:34:04.920
 complete records,

00:34:05.420 --> 00:34:06.100
 in the first

00:34:06.100 --> 00:34:06.860
 decade,

00:34:07.500 --> 00:34:08.059
 there were

00:34:08.059 --> 00:34:09.420
 six cases

00:34:09.420 --> 00:34:10.599
 of fornication.

00:34:12.980 --> 00:34:13.659
 Then

00:34:13.659 --> 00:34:14.360
 seven

00:34:14.360 --> 00:34:15.240
 in the

00:34:15.240 --> 00:34:15.639
 second

00:34:15.639 --> 00:34:16.420
 decade,

00:34:17.220 --> 00:34:17.860
 three of

00:34:17.860 --> 00:34:19.059
 bestiality

00:34:19.059 --> 00:34:19.500
 in the second

00:34:19.500 --> 00:34:19.740
 decade,

00:34:19.820 --> 00:34:20.220
 only two

00:34:20.220 --> 00:34:20.720
 convictions,

00:34:21.019 --> 00:34:21.579
 three cases,

00:34:21.920 --> 00:34:23.700
 no cases

00:34:23.700 --> 00:34:24.300
 of adultery.

00:34:24.559 --> 00:34:24.960
 That was

00:34:24.960 --> 00:34:25.619
 criminal.

00:34:26.220 --> 00:34:26.700
 No cases

00:34:26.700 --> 00:34:27.240
 of adultery.

00:34:27.519 --> 00:34:28.159
 Very little

00:34:28.159 --> 00:34:28.619
 crime.

00:34:29.139 --> 00:34:29.360
 Very little

00:34:29.360 --> 00:34:29.680
 crime.

00:34:33.099 --> 00:34:33.700
 That's

00:34:33.700 --> 00:34:33.940
 right.

00:34:35.500 --> 00:34:35.820
 Who

00:34:35.820 --> 00:34:36.380
 was

00:34:36.380 --> 00:34:37.500
 entrusted

00:34:37.500 --> 00:34:38.340
 with running

00:34:38.340 --> 00:34:38.920
 of the

00:34:38.920 --> 00:34:39.360
 state?

00:34:39.980 --> 00:34:40.220
 Well,

00:34:40.639 --> 00:34:42.139
 only the

00:34:42.139 --> 00:34:42.920
 members of

00:34:42.920 --> 00:34:43.460
 the church

00:34:43.460 --> 00:34:43.960
 in good

00:34:43.960 --> 00:34:44.519
 standing

00:34:44.519 --> 00:34:45.599
 could hold

00:34:45.599 --> 00:34:46.180
 official

00:34:46.180 --> 00:34:47.380
 state

00:34:47.380 --> 00:34:48.200
 offices.

00:34:48.199 --> 00:34:48.319
 churches.

00:34:49.119 --> 00:34:49.719
 It was

00:34:49.719 --> 00:34:50.199
 thought

00:34:50.199 --> 00:34:50.879
 that only

00:34:50.879 --> 00:34:51.539
 they

00:34:51.539 --> 00:34:52.799
 would have

00:34:52.799 --> 00:34:53.199
 the

00:34:53.199 --> 00:34:53.759
 certain

00:34:53.759 --> 00:34:54.779
 assured

00:34:54.779 --> 00:34:55.519
 integrity

00:34:55.519 --> 00:34:56.579
 to perform

00:34:56.579 --> 00:34:57.259
 that role

00:34:57.259 --> 00:34:58.099
 blamelessly.

00:34:59.379 --> 00:35:00.000
 Indeed,

00:35:00.259 --> 00:35:01.199
 only church

00:35:01.199 --> 00:35:01.819
 members were

00:35:01.819 --> 00:35:02.579
 given voting

00:35:02.579 --> 00:35:03.519
 rights in

00:35:03.519 --> 00:35:03.980
 matters of

00:35:03.980 --> 00:35:04.539
 the state.

00:35:05.179 --> 00:35:05.359
 So,

00:35:05.539 --> 00:35:05.919
 just to give

00:35:05.919 --> 00:35:06.399
 you a sense,

00:35:06.539 --> 00:35:06.960
 the first

00:35:06.960 --> 00:35:07.699
 decade,

00:35:08.379 --> 00:35:09.460
 64%

00:35:09.460 --> 00:35:10.919
 of the

00:35:10.919 --> 00:35:11.259
 New Haven

00:35:11.259 --> 00:35:11.919
 men were

00:35:11.919 --> 00:35:13.000
 church members.

00:35:13.199 --> 00:35:13.460
 We have

00:35:13.460 --> 00:35:13.719
 that.

00:35:13.719 --> 00:35:14.019
 So,

00:35:14.319 --> 00:35:14.599
 you know,

00:35:14.759 --> 00:35:15.259
 it would

00:35:15.259 --> 00:35:15.799
 have been

00:35:15.799 --> 00:35:16.599
 about two

00:35:16.599 --> 00:35:17.459
 thirds there.

00:35:18.839 --> 00:35:19.319
 Now,

00:35:19.439 --> 00:35:19.759
 this

00:35:19.759 --> 00:35:20.519
 arrangement

00:35:20.519 --> 00:35:22.179
 was actually

00:35:22.179 --> 00:35:22.679
 not a

00:35:22.679 --> 00:35:23.480
 power grab

00:35:23.480 --> 00:35:23.819
 of the

00:35:23.819 --> 00:35:24.359
 elect.

00:35:24.659 --> 00:35:25.159
 When they

00:35:25.159 --> 00:35:25.719
 came in

00:35:25.719 --> 00:35:26.000
 under

00:35:26.000 --> 00:35:26.619
 Davenport,

00:35:26.759 --> 00:35:27.239
 they asked

00:35:27.239 --> 00:35:27.739
 the question

00:35:27.739 --> 00:35:28.559
 who should

00:35:28.559 --> 00:35:29.000
 be able to

00:35:29.000 --> 00:35:29.599
 have offices

00:35:29.599 --> 00:35:30.419
 and they

00:35:30.419 --> 00:35:30.719
 voted.

00:35:31.799 --> 00:35:32.719
 And the

00:35:32.719 --> 00:35:34.099
 vote was

00:35:34.099 --> 00:35:35.219
 absolutely

00:35:35.219 --> 00:35:36.179
 unanimous.

00:35:37.059 --> 00:35:37.719
 Even those

00:35:37.719 --> 00:35:38.480
 that were not

00:35:38.480 --> 00:35:38.980
 church members

00:35:38.980 --> 00:35:39.459
 at the time

00:35:39.459 --> 00:35:39.980
 actually voted,

00:35:40.059 --> 00:35:40.159
 no,

00:35:40.459 --> 00:35:40.699
 no,

00:35:40.759 --> 00:35:41.000
 no,

00:35:41.079 --> 00:35:41.819
 we only

00:35:41.819 --> 00:35:42.539
 want church

00:35:42.539 --> 00:35:42.959
 members in

00:35:42.959 --> 00:35:43.579
 good standing.

00:35:44.379 --> 00:35:45.299
 To govern

00:35:45.299 --> 00:35:45.599
 us.

00:35:46.019 --> 00:35:46.500
 We trust

00:35:46.500 --> 00:35:46.699
 them.

00:35:47.119 --> 00:35:47.399
 They have

00:35:47.399 --> 00:35:47.759
 integrity.

00:35:47.859 --> 00:35:48.179
 They have

00:35:48.179 --> 00:35:48.299
 to.

00:35:48.359 --> 00:35:48.579
 It's a

00:35:48.579 --> 00:35:49.099
 high bar

00:35:49.099 --> 00:35:49.579
 to become

00:35:49.579 --> 00:35:49.879
 a church

00:35:49.879 --> 00:35:50.480
 member around

00:35:50.480 --> 00:35:50.699
 here.

00:35:51.159 --> 00:35:51.519
 I didn't

00:35:51.519 --> 00:35:51.919
 make it.

00:35:53.059 --> 00:35:53.239
 So,

00:35:53.959 --> 00:35:54.219
 yeah,

00:35:54.359 --> 00:35:54.779
 I want to

00:35:54.779 --> 00:35:55.059
 have that

00:35:55.059 --> 00:35:55.259
 there.

00:35:55.259 --> 00:35:55.619
 There's

00:35:55.619 --> 00:35:55.980
 integrity

00:35:55.980 --> 00:35:56.419
 for you.

00:35:57.719 --> 00:35:58.199
 So,

00:35:58.359 --> 00:35:58.779
 that's what

00:35:58.779 --> 00:35:59.319
 they decided.

00:35:59.559 --> 00:35:59.819
 That's what

00:35:59.819 --> 00:36:00.319
 they decided.

00:36:01.099 --> 00:36:01.719
 And who

00:36:01.719 --> 00:36:02.339
 was admitted

00:36:02.339 --> 00:36:02.899
 as a church

00:36:02.899 --> 00:36:03.199
 member?

00:36:04.799 --> 00:36:05.279
 This,

00:36:05.439 --> 00:36:06.099
 the purity

00:36:06.099 --> 00:36:06.500
 of the

00:36:06.500 --> 00:36:07.000
 church,

00:36:07.419 --> 00:36:08.459
 was Davenport's

00:36:08.459 --> 00:36:08.879
 one of his

00:36:08.879 --> 00:36:09.359
 greatest

00:36:09.359 --> 00:36:10.279
 concernments,

00:36:10.319 --> 00:36:10.819
 as he put

00:36:10.819 --> 00:36:10.959
 it.

00:36:12.239 --> 00:36:12.739
 The first

00:36:12.739 --> 00:36:13.199
 church was

00:36:13.199 --> 00:36:13.519
 gathered

00:36:13.719 --> 00:36:15.039
 August 22nd,

00:36:15.079 --> 00:36:15.959
 1639,

00:36:16.419 --> 00:36:17.059
 right after

00:36:17.059 --> 00:36:17.439
 they arrived,

00:36:17.839 --> 00:36:18.919
 twelve men

00:36:18.919 --> 00:36:20.319
 of heartfelt

00:36:20.319 --> 00:36:21.219
 faith and

00:36:21.219 --> 00:36:21.779
 blameless

00:36:21.779 --> 00:36:22.419
 deportment

00:36:22.419 --> 00:36:23.099
 were chosen

00:36:23.099 --> 00:36:23.959
 as the

00:36:23.959 --> 00:36:24.299
 nucleus,

00:36:24.759 --> 00:36:25.500
 and they

00:36:25.500 --> 00:36:25.939
 in turn

00:36:25.939 --> 00:36:26.419
 would admit

00:36:26.419 --> 00:36:27.799
 others at

00:36:27.799 --> 00:36:28.099
 their

00:36:28.099 --> 00:36:29.759
 scripture-governed

00:36:29.759 --> 00:36:30.519
 discretion.

00:36:31.179 --> 00:36:31.839
 So,

00:36:31.959 --> 00:36:32.599
 to join

00:36:32.599 --> 00:36:33.759
 the church,

00:36:34.079 --> 00:36:34.579
 one was

00:36:34.579 --> 00:36:35.119
 given a

00:36:35.119 --> 00:36:35.519
 rigorous

00:36:35.519 --> 00:36:36.579
 doctrinal

00:36:36.579 --> 00:36:37.379
 examination.

00:36:38.059 --> 00:36:38.619
 Basically,

00:36:39.139 --> 00:36:39.939
 had they

00:36:39.939 --> 00:36:40.759
 grasped the

00:36:40.759 --> 00:36:41.219
 gospel?

00:36:41.219 --> 00:36:42.679
 had they

00:36:42.679 --> 00:36:43.239
 grasped

00:36:43.239 --> 00:36:43.659
 what

00:36:43.659 --> 00:36:44.599
 flesh and

00:36:44.599 --> 00:36:44.879
 blood

00:36:44.879 --> 00:36:45.399
 could not

00:36:45.399 --> 00:36:45.799
 reveal?

00:36:47.319 --> 00:36:48.059
 And then,

00:36:48.179 --> 00:36:49.359
 in corroboration,

00:36:49.679 --> 00:36:50.299
 had the

00:36:50.299 --> 00:36:51.579
 gospel grasped

00:36:51.579 --> 00:36:52.439
 them?

00:36:53.239 --> 00:36:53.839
 Was there

00:36:53.839 --> 00:36:54.939
 indication of

00:36:54.939 --> 00:36:55.839
 gospel fruit

00:36:55.839 --> 00:36:56.859
 in their

00:36:56.859 --> 00:36:57.459
 lives?

00:36:58.000 --> 00:36:59.099
 Attesting to

00:36:59.099 --> 00:36:59.699
 a gospel

00:36:59.699 --> 00:37:01.219
 root in

00:37:01.219 --> 00:37:02.059
 their hearts?

00:37:02.059 --> 00:37:02.159
 inheritance.

00:37:05.539 --> 00:37:08.380
 If this

00:37:08.380 --> 00:37:09.139
 proved a

00:37:09.139 --> 00:37:09.599
 credible

00:37:09.599 --> 00:37:10.199
 account,

00:37:11.079 --> 00:37:11.960
 that is,

00:37:12.019 --> 00:37:12.259
 as they

00:37:12.259 --> 00:37:12.739
 put it,

00:37:13.059 --> 00:37:13.519
 with

00:37:13.519 --> 00:37:14.400
 regeneration

00:37:14.400 --> 00:37:16.119
 visibly

00:37:16.119 --> 00:37:17.159
 manifested

00:37:17.159 --> 00:37:18.199
 to the

00:37:18.199 --> 00:37:19.059
 charitable

00:37:19.059 --> 00:37:20.059
 discernment

00:37:20.820 --> 00:37:21.179
 of the

00:37:21.179 --> 00:37:21.559
 church.

00:37:22.099 --> 00:37:22.440
 It has

00:37:22.440 --> 00:37:22.900
 to be some

00:37:22.900 --> 00:37:23.500
 manifestation

00:37:23.500 --> 00:37:24.039
 that you

00:37:24.039 --> 00:37:24.219
 are

00:37:24.219 --> 00:37:24.739
 regenerated,

00:37:25.539 --> 00:37:26.139
 charitably

00:37:26.139 --> 00:37:26.639
 assessed

00:37:26.639 --> 00:37:27.880
 by the

00:37:27.880 --> 00:37:28.219
 church,

00:37:28.659 --> 00:37:29.239
 by the

00:37:29.239 --> 00:37:29.480
 others,

00:37:29.480 --> 00:37:30.460
 then they

00:37:30.460 --> 00:37:30.780
 would be

00:37:30.780 --> 00:37:31.300
 called upon

00:37:31.300 --> 00:37:31.760
 to enter

00:37:31.760 --> 00:37:32.199
 into

00:37:32.199 --> 00:37:32.820
 covenant,

00:37:33.199 --> 00:37:33.579
 a church

00:37:33.579 --> 00:37:33.980
 covenant,

00:37:34.460 --> 00:37:35.440
 to forswear

00:37:35.440 --> 00:37:36.199
 all former

00:37:36.199 --> 00:37:36.760
 pollutions,

00:37:37.320 --> 00:37:37.719
 to make

00:37:37.719 --> 00:37:38.699
 Jesus Christ

00:37:38.699 --> 00:37:39.800
 your only

00:37:39.800 --> 00:37:40.500
 priest and

00:37:40.500 --> 00:37:41.079
 atonement,

00:37:41.719 --> 00:37:42.139
 your only,

00:37:42.139 --> 00:37:42.619
 these are all

00:37:42.619 --> 00:37:43.099
 quotes from

00:37:43.099 --> 00:37:43.519
 thereof,

00:37:43.960 --> 00:37:44.960
 your only

00:37:44.960 --> 00:37:45.619
 guide and

00:37:45.619 --> 00:37:46.059
 king,

00:37:46.500 --> 00:37:47.039
 and walk

00:37:47.039 --> 00:37:47.699
 before him

00:37:47.699 --> 00:37:48.119
 in all

00:37:48.119 --> 00:37:49.440
 subjection to

00:37:49.440 --> 00:37:50.159
 all his

00:37:50.159 --> 00:37:51.079
 holy ordinance

00:37:51.079 --> 00:37:52.019
 according to

00:37:52.019 --> 00:37:52.539
 the rule of

00:37:52.539 --> 00:37:53.039
 the gospel,

00:37:53.380 --> 00:37:54.059
 and to walk

00:37:54.059 --> 00:37:54.679
 together with

00:37:54.679 --> 00:37:55.280
 his church

00:37:55.280 --> 00:37:55.579
 and the

00:37:55.579 --> 00:37:55.860
 members

00:37:55.860 --> 00:37:56.420
 thereof,

00:37:56.820 --> 00:37:57.539
 in brotherly

00:37:57.539 --> 00:37:58.119
 and sisterly

00:37:58.119 --> 00:37:58.559
 love,

00:37:58.559 --> 00:37:59.619
 and mutual

00:37:59.619 --> 00:38:00.279
 edification

00:38:00.279 --> 00:38:00.900
 and succor

00:38:00.900 --> 00:38:01.579
 according to

00:38:01.579 --> 00:38:01.940
 God.

00:38:02.840 --> 00:38:03.199
 So to

00:38:03.199 --> 00:38:03.519
 this,

00:38:04.219 --> 00:38:05.099
 covenant

00:38:05.099 --> 00:38:05.920
 members were

00:38:05.920 --> 00:38:07.279
 held strictly

00:38:07.279 --> 00:38:07.940
 accountable.

00:38:08.579 --> 00:38:10.480
 You went

00:38:10.480 --> 00:38:10.840
 on to the,

00:38:11.000 --> 00:38:12.119
 if you signed

00:38:12.119 --> 00:38:12.460
 on to the

00:38:12.460 --> 00:38:12.699
 covenant,

00:38:12.900 --> 00:38:13.259
 you would be

00:38:13.259 --> 00:38:13.799
 held accountable.

00:38:15.179 --> 00:38:16.159
 In this

00:38:16.159 --> 00:38:17.599
 mutual

00:38:17.599 --> 00:38:18.380
 accountability,

00:38:19.139 --> 00:38:19.900
 they seem

00:38:19.900 --> 00:38:20.420
 to have

00:38:20.420 --> 00:38:20.960
 had no,

00:38:21.500 --> 00:38:22.239
 to be no

00:38:22.239 --> 00:38:22.980
 respecter of

00:38:22.980 --> 00:38:23.380
 persons,

00:38:23.799 --> 00:38:24.320
 even the

00:38:24.320 --> 00:38:25.239
 wife of

00:38:25.239 --> 00:38:25.659
 governor

00:38:25.659 --> 00:38:26.440
 Theophilus

00:38:26.440 --> 00:38:26.860
 Eaton,

00:38:27.019 --> 00:38:27.360
 we have,

00:38:27.400 --> 00:38:27.659
 one of the

00:38:27.659 --> 00:38:27.980
 early

00:38:27.980 --> 00:38:28.599
 censures.

00:38:29.360 --> 00:38:30.019
 She was

00:38:30.019 --> 00:38:30.880
 excommunicated.

00:38:32.000 --> 00:38:32.639
 So that

00:38:32.639 --> 00:38:33.000
 meant she

00:38:33.000 --> 00:38:33.260
 had to

00:38:33.260 --> 00:38:34.059
 sit just

00:38:34.059 --> 00:38:35.219
 outside the

00:38:35.219 --> 00:38:35.679
 meeting hall

00:38:35.679 --> 00:38:36.019
 so you

00:38:36.019 --> 00:38:37.139
 could hear

00:38:37.139 --> 00:38:37.599
 the sermon

00:38:37.599 --> 00:38:38.199
 still because

00:38:38.199 --> 00:38:38.619
 that would

00:38:38.619 --> 00:38:39.420
 help you

00:38:39.420 --> 00:38:39.940
 to grow,

00:38:40.300 --> 00:38:40.679
 but you

00:38:40.679 --> 00:38:40.920
 had to

00:38:40.920 --> 00:38:41.539
 sit outside

00:38:41.539 --> 00:38:42.340
 the meeting

00:38:42.340 --> 00:38:42.639
 hall.

00:38:47.219 --> 00:38:47.699
 Well,

00:38:47.840 --> 00:38:48.159
 New Haven

00:38:48.159 --> 00:38:48.559
 Colony

00:38:48.559 --> 00:38:50.179
 quickly gained

00:38:50.179 --> 00:38:51.119
 the reputation,

00:38:51.740 --> 00:38:52.940
 even within

00:38:52.940 --> 00:38:53.840
 Puritan New

00:38:53.840 --> 00:38:54.159
 England,

00:38:54.659 --> 00:38:55.159
 for being

00:38:55.159 --> 00:38:56.039
 zealous for

00:38:56.039 --> 00:38:56.480
 the purity

00:38:56.480 --> 00:38:56.820
 of the

00:38:56.820 --> 00:38:57.159
 church,

00:38:57.740 --> 00:38:58.320
 admitting

00:38:58.320 --> 00:39:00.039
 only genuine

00:39:00.039 --> 00:39:00.860
 believers,

00:39:01.000 --> 00:39:01.639
 the regenerate,

00:39:01.960 --> 00:39:02.820
 and excluding

00:39:02.820 --> 00:39:04.199
 all of the

00:39:04.199 --> 00:39:04.679
 faithless.

00:39:05.400 --> 00:39:06.059
 As

00:39:06.059 --> 00:39:06.900
 judgment

00:39:06.900 --> 00:39:08.159
 was fallible,

00:39:08.500 --> 00:39:08.920
 it needs

00:39:08.920 --> 00:39:09.179
 to be

00:39:09.179 --> 00:39:09.599
 charitable,

00:39:10.240 --> 00:39:11.159
 as Davenport

00:39:11.159 --> 00:39:11.460
 said,

00:39:11.519 --> 00:39:12.019
 with due

00:39:12.019 --> 00:39:12.760
 moderation

00:39:12.760 --> 00:39:13.860
 and gentleness.

00:39:13.860 --> 00:39:19.780
 Cotton

00:39:19.780 --> 00:39:20.160
 Mather

00:39:20.160 --> 00:39:23.160
 of Boston

00:39:23.160 --> 00:39:24.220
 wrote of

00:39:24.220 --> 00:39:24.760
 Davenport

00:39:24.760 --> 00:39:25.079
 in the

00:39:25.079 --> 00:39:26.480
 New Haven

00:39:26.480 --> 00:39:26.960
 Church,

00:39:27.380 --> 00:39:27.599
 quote,

00:39:27.780 --> 00:39:28.559
 he used

00:39:28.559 --> 00:39:29.039
 more than

00:39:29.039 --> 00:39:29.700
 ordinary

00:39:29.700 --> 00:39:30.640
 exactness

00:39:30.640 --> 00:39:31.860
 in trying

00:39:31.860 --> 00:39:32.579
 those that

00:39:32.579 --> 00:39:33.000
 were admitted

00:39:33.000 --> 00:39:33.700
 under communion

00:39:33.700 --> 00:39:34.059
 of the

00:39:34.059 --> 00:39:34.440
 church.

00:39:35.079 --> 00:39:35.420
 Indeed,

00:39:35.579 --> 00:39:36.140
 so very

00:39:36.140 --> 00:39:36.720
 thoroughly,

00:39:37.079 --> 00:39:37.519
 I had

00:39:37.519 --> 00:39:38.660
 almost said

00:39:38.660 --> 00:39:39.680
 severely,

00:39:39.920 --> 00:39:40.280
 strictly,

00:39:40.500 --> 00:39:40.880
 were the

00:39:40.880 --> 00:39:41.480
 terms of

00:39:41.480 --> 00:39:41.660
 his

00:39:41.660 --> 00:39:42.059
 communion,

00:39:42.059 --> 00:39:43.079
 and so

00:39:43.079 --> 00:39:43.519
 much,

00:39:43.619 --> 00:39:44.019
 I had

00:39:44.019 --> 00:39:44.500
 well nigh

00:39:44.500 --> 00:39:44.900
 said,

00:39:45.059 --> 00:39:45.779
 over much,

00:39:46.079 --> 00:39:47.139
 were the

00:39:47.139 --> 00:39:47.500
 golden

00:39:47.500 --> 00:39:48.360
 snuffers of

00:39:48.360 --> 00:39:48.920
 the sanctuary

00:39:48.920 --> 00:39:49.799
 employed by

00:39:49.799 --> 00:39:50.779
 him in the

00:39:50.779 --> 00:39:51.440
 exercise of

00:39:51.440 --> 00:39:52.219
 discipline toward

00:39:52.219 --> 00:39:52.840
 those that

00:39:52.840 --> 00:39:53.340
 were admitted,

00:39:53.940 --> 00:39:54.779
 that he did

00:39:54.779 --> 00:39:55.679
 all that was

00:39:55.679 --> 00:39:56.920
 possible to

00:39:56.920 --> 00:39:58.279
 render the

00:39:58.279 --> 00:39:58.799
 renowned

00:39:58.799 --> 00:39:59.440
 church of

00:39:59.440 --> 00:39:59.900
 New Haven

00:39:59.900 --> 00:40:00.920
 like the

00:40:00.920 --> 00:40:01.599
 New Jerusalem.

00:40:02.400 --> 00:40:02.980
 That was

00:40:02.980 --> 00:40:04.000
 their aim.

00:40:06.400 --> 00:40:07.039
 John

00:40:07.039 --> 00:40:07.840
 Davenport

00:40:07.840 --> 00:40:09.059
 was hopeful

00:40:09.059 --> 00:40:09.820
 of a pure

00:40:09.820 --> 00:40:10.799
 church as he

00:40:10.800 --> 00:40:11.840
 believed in

00:40:11.840 --> 00:40:12.160
 what was

00:40:12.160 --> 00:40:13.160
 called the

00:40:13.160 --> 00:40:13.620
 Middle

00:40:13.620 --> 00:40:14.360
 Advent,

00:40:15.220 --> 00:40:16.680
 a time

00:40:16.680 --> 00:40:17.420
 before

00:40:17.420 --> 00:40:18.260
 Christ's

00:40:18.260 --> 00:40:18.800
 physical

00:40:18.800 --> 00:40:20.160
 return of

00:40:20.160 --> 00:40:21.480
 great spirit

00:40:21.480 --> 00:40:22.320
 outpouring,

00:40:22.820 --> 00:40:23.500
 enabling a

00:40:23.500 --> 00:40:24.260
 great measure

00:40:24.260 --> 00:40:24.820
 of holiness

00:40:24.820 --> 00:40:26.160
 that anticipated

00:40:26.160 --> 00:40:26.960
 the heavenly

00:40:26.960 --> 00:40:27.700
 New Jerusalem.

00:40:27.940 --> 00:40:28.420
 So this was

00:40:28.420 --> 00:40:29.220
 their eschatology.

00:40:30.019 --> 00:40:30.620
 There will be

00:40:30.620 --> 00:40:31.580
 a great outpouring

00:40:31.580 --> 00:40:31.940
 of the Holy

00:40:31.940 --> 00:40:32.240
 Spirit,

00:40:32.380 --> 00:40:33.260
 so we ought

00:40:33.260 --> 00:40:33.760
 to really be

00:40:33.760 --> 00:40:34.220
 able to do

00:40:34.220 --> 00:40:34.480
 this.

00:40:34.820 --> 00:40:35.180
 We ought to

00:40:35.180 --> 00:40:35.560
 be able to

00:40:35.560 --> 00:40:35.880
 do this

00:40:35.880 --> 00:40:36.100
 well.

00:40:36.100 --> 00:40:36.340
 That worked

00:40:36.340 --> 00:40:36.800
 out for them.

00:40:38.320 --> 00:40:39.220
 Good point.

00:40:39.219 --> 00:40:40.119
 How did that

00:40:40.119 --> 00:40:40.679
 work out for

00:40:40.679 --> 00:40:40.919
 them?

00:40:41.519 --> 00:40:42.319
 He was

00:40:42.319 --> 00:40:42.919
 disappointed

00:40:42.919 --> 00:40:43.399
 at the end

00:40:43.399 --> 00:40:43.959
 of his life.

00:40:44.179 --> 00:40:44.519
 Surprise,

00:40:44.679 --> 00:40:44.879
 surprise.

00:40:46.299 --> 00:40:47.179
 This Middle

00:40:47.179 --> 00:40:47.879
 Advent hope

00:40:47.879 --> 00:40:48.480
 near the end

00:40:48.480 --> 00:40:49.500
 of Davenport's

00:40:49.500 --> 00:40:51.339
 life became

00:40:51.339 --> 00:40:52.619
 subject to

00:40:52.619 --> 00:40:53.359
 no small

00:40:53.359 --> 00:40:54.059
 discouragement.

00:40:55.739 --> 00:40:56.639
 The next

00:40:56.639 --> 00:40:57.819
 generation of

00:40:57.819 --> 00:40:58.539
 churchgoers

00:40:58.539 --> 00:40:59.239
 across New

00:40:59.239 --> 00:41:00.879
 England did

00:41:00.879 --> 00:41:01.959
 not seem to

00:41:01.959 --> 00:41:02.699
 be widely

00:41:02.699 --> 00:41:04.759
 exercising the

00:41:04.759 --> 00:41:05.299
 Spirit's

00:41:05.299 --> 00:41:05.959
 regenerating

00:41:05.959 --> 00:41:06.419
 power.

00:41:07.619 --> 00:41:08.419
 Having been

00:41:08.420 --> 00:41:09.940
 baptized as

00:41:09.940 --> 00:41:12.019
 infants in

00:41:12.019 --> 00:41:12.800
 the majority

00:41:12.800 --> 00:41:13.139
 of New

00:41:13.139 --> 00:41:13.340
 England

00:41:13.340 --> 00:41:13.800
 churches,

00:41:14.000 --> 00:41:14.400
 including

00:41:14.400 --> 00:41:14.960
 New Haven,

00:41:15.460 --> 00:41:16.420
 the hope

00:41:16.420 --> 00:41:18.180
 was with

00:41:18.180 --> 00:41:20.200
 maturity under

00:41:20.200 --> 00:41:20.760
 the preaching

00:41:20.760 --> 00:41:21.119
 of the

00:41:21.119 --> 00:41:21.700
 gospel,

00:41:22.900 --> 00:41:23.500
 these infants

00:41:23.500 --> 00:41:23.760
 that had

00:41:23.760 --> 00:41:24.280
 been baptized

00:41:24.280 --> 00:41:25.180
 would have

00:41:25.180 --> 00:41:25.599
 come to

00:41:25.599 --> 00:41:26.519
 saving faith

00:41:26.519 --> 00:41:27.639
 and own

00:41:27.639 --> 00:41:28.579
 the covenant,

00:41:29.659 --> 00:41:30.480
 a covenant

00:41:30.480 --> 00:41:31.180
 that they had

00:41:31.180 --> 00:41:31.619
 been made

00:41:31.619 --> 00:41:33.139
 part of by

00:41:33.139 --> 00:41:34.539
 birth to

00:41:34.539 --> 00:41:35.480
 regenerate

00:41:35.480 --> 00:41:36.380
 parents.

00:41:36.680 --> 00:41:37.099
 That's how

00:41:37.099 --> 00:41:37.420
 they did

00:41:37.420 --> 00:41:38.200
 this back

00:41:38.199 --> 00:41:38.859
 in the

00:41:38.859 --> 00:41:39.119
 day.

00:41:40.319 --> 00:41:41.539
 But, as

00:41:41.539 --> 00:41:41.879
 it turned

00:41:41.879 --> 00:41:42.579
 out, many

00:41:42.579 --> 00:41:43.019
 of these

00:41:43.019 --> 00:41:43.759
 baptized

00:41:43.759 --> 00:41:44.779
 children,

00:41:45.500 --> 00:41:46.319
 when grown,

00:41:46.739 --> 00:41:47.519
 did not

00:41:47.519 --> 00:41:48.659
 experience

00:41:48.659 --> 00:41:49.719
 regenerating

00:41:49.719 --> 00:41:50.219
 grace.

00:41:51.159 --> 00:41:51.719
 Oh, they

00:41:51.719 --> 00:41:52.339
 faithfully

00:41:52.339 --> 00:41:53.219
 attended and

00:41:53.219 --> 00:41:53.779
 lived moral

00:41:53.779 --> 00:41:55.939
 lives, but

00:41:55.939 --> 00:41:56.739
 they did not

00:41:56.739 --> 00:41:57.579
 have the new

00:41:57.579 --> 00:41:57.879
 birth.

00:41:59.779 --> 00:42:00.460
 Accordingly,

00:42:00.759 --> 00:42:01.480
 even though

00:42:01.480 --> 00:42:02.939
 members of

00:42:02.939 --> 00:42:03.559
 the church,

00:42:04.119 --> 00:42:04.879
 they could

00:42:04.879 --> 00:42:05.799
 not take the

00:42:05.799 --> 00:42:06.639
 Lord's Supper

00:42:06.639 --> 00:42:07.579
 because they

00:42:07.579 --> 00:42:07.980
 had no

00:42:07.980 --> 00:42:09.359
 evidence in

00:42:09.359 --> 00:42:09.859
 the judgment

00:42:09.859 --> 00:42:10.420
 of charity

00:42:10.420 --> 00:42:11.239
 of regeneration.

00:42:12.779 --> 00:42:13.619
 Thus, they

00:42:13.619 --> 00:42:15.980
 were unregenerate

00:42:15.980 --> 00:42:18.440
 members of

00:42:18.440 --> 00:42:18.960
 the church of

00:42:18.960 --> 00:42:19.339
 New Haven.

00:42:20.339 --> 00:42:21.579
 And these

00:42:21.579 --> 00:42:22.699
 unregenerate

00:42:22.699 --> 00:42:23.559
 members of the

00:42:23.559 --> 00:42:24.639
 church also

00:42:24.639 --> 00:42:25.239
 married,

00:42:25.519 --> 00:42:25.960
 naturally,

00:42:26.379 --> 00:42:26.879
 and had

00:42:26.879 --> 00:42:27.379
 children

00:42:27.379 --> 00:42:28.279
 themselves.

00:42:28.280 --> 00:42:28.519
 themselves.

00:42:29.519 --> 00:42:31.300
 The question

00:42:31.300 --> 00:42:32.900
 then arose,

00:42:33.660 --> 00:42:34.740
 do we

00:42:34.740 --> 00:42:36.400
 baptize the

00:42:36.400 --> 00:42:37.840
 children of

00:42:37.840 --> 00:42:39.360
 unregenerate

00:42:39.360 --> 00:42:41.620
 parents like

00:42:41.620 --> 00:42:43.240
 we do of

00:42:43.240 --> 00:42:44.440
 regenerate

00:42:44.440 --> 00:42:45.060
 parents?

00:42:45.059 --> 00:42:48.739
 we ever

00:42:48.739 --> 00:42:49.639
 only thought

00:42:49.639 --> 00:42:50.440
 it appropriate

00:42:50.440 --> 00:42:52.279
 to baptize

00:42:52.279 --> 00:42:53.059
 children of

00:42:53.059 --> 00:42:53.840
 the visible

00:42:53.840 --> 00:42:54.480
 saints, the

00:42:54.480 --> 00:42:55.619
 elect, those

00:42:55.619 --> 00:42:56.179
 who we knew

00:42:56.179 --> 00:42:57.500
 were regenerate,

00:42:58.059 --> 00:42:58.860
 thought Davenport.

00:42:59.159 --> 00:42:59.880
 We only ever

00:42:59.880 --> 00:43:00.139
 thought it

00:43:00.139 --> 00:43:00.679
 appropriate to

00:43:00.679 --> 00:43:01.380
 baptize those

00:43:01.380 --> 00:43:01.719
 children.

00:43:02.579 --> 00:43:04.400
 But should we

00:43:04.400 --> 00:43:06.360
 not also let

00:43:06.360 --> 00:43:07.119
 this next

00:43:07.119 --> 00:43:08.079
 generation of

00:43:08.079 --> 00:43:08.719
 children be

00:43:08.719 --> 00:43:09.119
 baptized?

00:43:10.519 --> 00:43:11.519
 Their parents

00:43:11.519 --> 00:43:12.199
 want them to

00:43:12.199 --> 00:43:12.759
 be baptized?

00:43:12.760 --> 00:43:13.200
 baptized?

00:43:14.380 --> 00:43:15.320
 Wouldn't it

00:43:15.320 --> 00:43:15.860
 be better to

00:43:15.860 --> 00:43:16.420
 bring them

00:43:16.420 --> 00:43:17.180
 into the

00:43:17.180 --> 00:43:17.720
 church?

00:43:19.480 --> 00:43:20.540
 Many of the

00:43:20.540 --> 00:43:21.020
 New England

00:43:21.020 --> 00:43:21.920
 churches said

00:43:21.920 --> 00:43:22.560
 yes.

00:43:23.780 --> 00:43:24.240
 And the

00:43:24.240 --> 00:43:24.880
 provision was

00:43:24.880 --> 00:43:25.420
 called the

00:43:25.420 --> 00:43:26.700
 halfway covenant.

00:43:29.100 --> 00:43:30.280
 But John

00:43:30.280 --> 00:43:31.120
 Davenport,

00:43:31.320 --> 00:43:32.200
 New Haven,

00:43:32.740 --> 00:43:33.860
 set himself

00:43:33.860 --> 00:43:35.140
 like Flint

00:43:35.140 --> 00:43:37.160
 against the

00:43:37.160 --> 00:43:38.220
 halfway covenant.

00:43:39.340 --> 00:43:40.120
 In his

00:43:40.120 --> 00:43:40.600
 mind,

00:43:41.000 --> 00:43:42.000
 bringing into

00:43:42.000 --> 00:43:42.740
 the church

00:43:42.739 --> 00:43:42.879
 church,

00:43:43.799 --> 00:43:44.319
 those who

00:43:44.319 --> 00:43:44.819
 were not

00:43:44.819 --> 00:43:46.019
 even children

00:43:46.019 --> 00:43:46.559
 of the

00:43:46.559 --> 00:43:47.159
 godly,

00:43:47.899 --> 00:43:48.379
 they're not

00:43:48.379 --> 00:43:48.839
 children of

00:43:48.839 --> 00:43:49.539
 the godly,

00:43:49.879 --> 00:43:51.799
 would surely

00:43:51.799 --> 00:43:53.319
 water down

00:43:53.319 --> 00:43:54.019
 the purity

00:43:54.019 --> 00:43:54.419
 of the

00:43:54.419 --> 00:43:54.959
 church.

00:43:56.719 --> 00:43:57.579
 Rather than

00:43:57.579 --> 00:43:58.319
 loosen the

00:43:58.319 --> 00:43:59.239
 requirements for

00:43:59.239 --> 00:43:59.719
 membership,

00:44:00.719 --> 00:44:01.519
 we should

00:44:01.519 --> 00:44:02.399
 urge people

00:44:02.399 --> 00:44:03.359
 to repent

00:44:03.359 --> 00:44:04.259
 and believe

00:44:04.259 --> 00:44:04.819
 the gospel

00:44:04.819 --> 00:44:05.159
 and be

00:44:05.159 --> 00:44:05.619
 converted.

00:44:05.619 --> 00:44:05.679
 converted.

00:44:08.199 --> 00:44:08.579
 Well,

00:44:08.639 --> 00:44:09.019
 of course,

00:44:09.460 --> 00:44:09.779
 John

00:44:09.779 --> 00:44:10.279
 Davenport

00:44:10.279 --> 00:44:10.920
 was right

00:44:10.920 --> 00:44:11.519
 about how

00:44:11.519 --> 00:44:12.000
 bringing

00:44:12.000 --> 00:44:12.679
 into the

00:44:12.679 --> 00:44:13.420
 church the

00:44:13.420 --> 00:44:14.519
 unregenerate

00:44:14.519 --> 00:44:16.000
 would compromise

00:44:16.000 --> 00:44:16.779
 its purity.

00:44:16.780 --> 00:44:20.100
 but had not

00:44:20.100 --> 00:44:20.700
 the camel

00:44:20.700 --> 00:44:21.800
 already gotten

00:44:21.800 --> 00:44:22.420
 its nose

00:44:22.420 --> 00:44:23.160
 in the tent

00:44:23.160 --> 00:44:24.840
 by ever

00:44:24.840 --> 00:44:25.740
 admitting

00:44:25.740 --> 00:44:26.980
 the

00:44:26.980 --> 00:44:28.480
 unregenerate

00:44:28.480 --> 00:44:29.560
 into membership

00:44:29.560 --> 00:44:30.500
 which is done

00:44:30.500 --> 00:44:30.880
 when you

00:44:30.880 --> 00:44:31.860
 baptize infants

00:44:31.860 --> 00:44:32.360
 in the first

00:44:32.360 --> 00:44:32.860
 place.

00:44:35.420 --> 00:44:36.160
 Whether

00:44:36.160 --> 00:44:36.780
 children of

00:44:36.780 --> 00:44:37.360
 the godly

00:44:37.360 --> 00:44:39.060
 regenerate

00:44:39.060 --> 00:44:39.440
 or not.

00:44:39.440 --> 00:44:41.179
 So the

00:44:41.179 --> 00:44:42.179
 problem was

00:44:42.179 --> 00:44:43.320
 even

00:44:43.320 --> 00:44:45.119
 the New

00:44:45.119 --> 00:44:45.340
 Haven

00:44:45.340 --> 00:44:45.820
 Church,

00:44:45.980 --> 00:44:46.539
 zealous

00:44:46.539 --> 00:44:47.179
 for purity,

00:44:47.920 --> 00:44:48.480
 had two

00:44:48.480 --> 00:44:49.139
 ways to

00:44:49.139 --> 00:44:49.559
 enter the

00:44:49.559 --> 00:44:49.840
 covenant.

00:44:50.760 --> 00:44:51.820
 By saving

00:44:51.820 --> 00:44:52.340
 faith,

00:44:53.039 --> 00:44:53.740
 new birth,

00:44:54.420 --> 00:44:55.179
 but also

00:44:55.179 --> 00:44:56.659
 by natural

00:44:56.659 --> 00:44:57.179
 birth,

00:44:58.119 --> 00:44:58.880
 simply being

00:44:58.880 --> 00:45:00.900
 born to

00:45:00.900 --> 00:45:01.780
 regenerate

00:45:01.780 --> 00:45:02.619
 parents or

00:45:02.619 --> 00:45:03.200
 church members.

00:45:03.400 --> 00:45:03.940
 Two ways

00:45:03.940 --> 00:45:04.240
 into the

00:45:04.240 --> 00:45:04.460
 covenant.

00:45:05.960 --> 00:45:06.300
 John

00:45:06.300 --> 00:45:06.800
 Davenport

00:45:06.800 --> 00:45:07.380
 was worried,

00:45:07.639 --> 00:45:08.000
 rightly,

00:45:08.460 --> 00:45:08.940
 that the

00:45:08.940 --> 00:45:09.500
 halfway

00:45:09.500 --> 00:45:10.139
 covenant

00:45:10.139 --> 00:45:11.440
 would widen

00:45:11.440 --> 00:45:12.139
 the door

00:45:12.139 --> 00:45:13.200
 for once

00:45:13.200 --> 00:45:14.119
 born folk

00:45:14.119 --> 00:45:15.039
 into the

00:45:15.039 --> 00:45:15.460
 church.

00:45:17.200 --> 00:45:17.900
 The

00:45:17.900 --> 00:45:18.340
 connection

00:45:18.340 --> 00:45:18.720
 to

00:45:18.720 --> 00:45:19.599
 regeneration

00:45:19.599 --> 00:45:20.340
 is not

00:45:20.340 --> 00:45:21.139
 simply

00:45:21.139 --> 00:45:22.360
 parents now,

00:45:22.539 --> 00:45:22.800
 but

00:45:22.800 --> 00:45:23.619
 grandparents.

00:45:25.139 --> 00:45:25.659
 And perhaps

00:45:25.659 --> 00:45:25.940
 what?

00:45:26.099 --> 00:45:26.840
 Ancestors?

00:45:26.980 --> 00:45:27.260
 Or just

00:45:27.260 --> 00:45:28.019
 hereditary?

00:45:28.320 --> 00:45:28.740
 Is that the

00:45:28.740 --> 00:45:28.980
 way it's

00:45:28.980 --> 00:45:29.159
 going to

00:45:29.159 --> 00:45:29.380
 go?

00:45:29.460 --> 00:45:29.639
 Says

00:45:29.639 --> 00:45:30.220
 Davenport?

00:45:31.119 --> 00:45:31.519
 Really?

00:45:32.400 --> 00:45:32.679
 Are we

00:45:32.679 --> 00:45:32.840
 going to

00:45:32.840 --> 00:45:33.220
 do this

00:45:33.220 --> 00:45:33.500
 in New

00:45:33.500 --> 00:45:33.740
 England?

00:45:34.700 --> 00:45:35.440
 But of

00:45:35.440 --> 00:45:36.139
 course the

00:45:36.139 --> 00:45:37.119
 door had

00:45:37.119 --> 00:45:38.059
 already been

00:45:38.059 --> 00:45:38.880
 opened by

00:45:38.880 --> 00:45:39.460
 infant

00:45:39.460 --> 00:45:40.059
 baptism

00:45:40.059 --> 00:45:40.980
 itself,

00:45:41.760 --> 00:45:42.920
 which is

00:45:42.920 --> 00:45:43.780
 membership

00:45:43.780 --> 00:45:44.740
 in church

00:45:44.740 --> 00:45:45.960
 by hereditary.

00:45:46.840 --> 00:45:47.460
 By hereditary.

00:45:48.460 --> 00:45:49.460
 So these

00:45:49.460 --> 00:45:50.220
 poor Puritans

00:45:50.220 --> 00:45:50.720
 had their

00:45:50.720 --> 00:45:51.240
 knickers all

00:45:51.240 --> 00:45:51.820
 in a twist,

00:45:51.900 --> 00:45:52.380
 it seems to

00:45:52.380 --> 00:45:52.619
 me,

00:45:52.760 --> 00:45:53.500
 trying to

00:45:53.500 --> 00:45:54.200
 resolve this

00:45:54.200 --> 00:45:54.700
 conundrum.

00:45:55.599 --> 00:45:56.440
 The problem,

00:45:56.619 --> 00:45:57.119
 of course,

00:45:57.440 --> 00:45:58.280
 was infant

00:45:58.280 --> 00:45:58.780
 baptism

00:45:58.780 --> 00:45:59.840
 itself,

00:46:00.820 --> 00:46:01.340
 admitting

00:46:01.340 --> 00:46:02.119
 into the

00:46:02.119 --> 00:46:03.119
 church by

00:46:03.119 --> 00:46:03.599
 infant

00:46:03.599 --> 00:46:04.160
 baptism,

00:46:04.480 --> 00:46:04.660
 the

00:46:04.660 --> 00:46:05.860
 unsaved.

00:46:05.860 --> 00:46:07.579
 what was

00:46:07.579 --> 00:46:07.780
 the

00:46:07.780 --> 00:46:08.099
 covenant

00:46:08.099 --> 00:46:08.840
 status

00:46:08.840 --> 00:46:09.880
 of these

00:46:09.880 --> 00:46:10.800
 baptized,

00:46:11.320 --> 00:46:12.039
 unsaved

00:46:12.039 --> 00:46:12.579
 members?

00:46:13.640 --> 00:46:13.880
 What

00:46:13.880 --> 00:46:14.220
 covenant

00:46:14.220 --> 00:46:14.599
 were they

00:46:14.599 --> 00:46:14.840
 in?

00:46:15.840 --> 00:46:16.599
 Not the

00:46:16.599 --> 00:46:16.800
 new

00:46:16.800 --> 00:46:17.160
 covenant,

00:46:18.160 --> 00:46:20.120
 for one

00:46:20.120 --> 00:46:20.760
 is in the

00:46:20.760 --> 00:46:21.320
 new covenant

00:46:21.320 --> 00:46:22.059
 only by

00:46:22.059 --> 00:46:22.800
 spiritual

00:46:22.800 --> 00:46:23.940
 relation to

00:46:23.940 --> 00:46:24.620
 Christ by

00:46:24.620 --> 00:46:25.079
 faith.

00:46:26.500 --> 00:46:27.200
 But what

00:46:27.200 --> 00:46:27.740
 other covenant

00:46:27.740 --> 00:46:28.320
 is there in

00:46:28.320 --> 00:46:28.780
 operation?

00:46:28.780 --> 00:46:31.519
 it was all

00:46:31.519 --> 00:46:32.060
 hopelessly

00:46:32.060 --> 00:46:32.560
 confused.

00:46:34.060 --> 00:46:34.640
 Ironically,

00:46:35.220 --> 00:46:36.300
 and delightfully,

00:46:36.680 --> 00:46:37.660
 supporters of

00:46:37.660 --> 00:46:38.120
 the halfway

00:46:38.120 --> 00:46:38.820
 covenant told

00:46:38.820 --> 00:46:39.800
 John Davenport

00:46:39.800 --> 00:46:41.220
 that his

00:46:41.220 --> 00:46:42.519
 arguments against

00:46:42.519 --> 00:46:43.240
 the halfway

00:46:43.240 --> 00:46:43.760
 covenant

00:46:43.760 --> 00:46:46.460
 actually undercut

00:46:46.460 --> 00:46:47.400
 infant baptism

00:46:47.400 --> 00:46:47.920
 itself,

00:46:48.580 --> 00:46:49.460
 and supported,

00:46:50.380 --> 00:46:51.000
 get ready for

00:46:51.000 --> 00:46:51.320
 this,

00:46:51.860 --> 00:46:52.700
 the Baptist

00:46:52.700 --> 00:46:53.320
 cause.

00:46:53.320 --> 00:46:53.620
 Oh!

00:46:57.200 --> 00:46:58.160
 John Davenport

00:46:58.159 --> 00:46:59.599
 would not

00:46:59.599 --> 00:47:00.619
 pass laws

00:47:00.619 --> 00:47:01.759
 against the

00:47:01.759 --> 00:47:02.359
 Baptists.

00:47:02.799 --> 00:47:03.159
 He was

00:47:03.159 --> 00:47:03.879
 tolerant of

00:47:03.879 --> 00:47:04.940
 them in

00:47:04.940 --> 00:47:05.259
 New Haven.

00:47:07.319 --> 00:47:08.079
 I like to

00:47:08.079 --> 00:47:08.480
 think he was

00:47:08.480 --> 00:47:08.960
 on his way.

00:47:09.500 --> 00:47:09.859
 At least we

00:47:09.859 --> 00:47:10.139
 know he's a

00:47:10.139 --> 00:47:10.639
 Baptist now.

00:47:10.739 --> 00:47:11.079
 No, I

00:47:11.079 --> 00:47:11.420
 didn't say

00:47:11.420 --> 00:47:11.599
 that.

00:47:11.659 --> 00:47:12.099
 I didn't say

00:47:12.099 --> 00:47:12.279
 that.

00:47:12.359 --> 00:47:12.779
 I didn't say

00:47:12.779 --> 00:47:12.980
 that.

00:47:13.759 --> 00:47:14.359
 It was

00:47:14.359 --> 00:47:14.619
 true.

00:47:15.039 --> 00:47:15.659
 It was the

00:47:15.659 --> 00:47:16.420
 unscriptural

00:47:16.420 --> 00:47:17.079
 practice of

00:47:17.079 --> 00:47:17.799
 infant baptism

00:47:17.799 --> 00:47:18.779
 which was the

00:47:18.779 --> 00:47:19.980
 fatal flaw in

00:47:19.980 --> 00:47:20.739
 the realization

00:47:20.739 --> 00:47:21.299
 of John

00:47:21.299 --> 00:47:21.980
 Davenport's

00:47:21.980 --> 00:47:23.139
 great concernment

00:47:23.139 --> 00:47:23.980
 for a pure

00:47:23.980 --> 00:47:24.420
 church.

00:47:25.059 --> 00:47:25.819
 It would be

00:47:25.819 --> 00:47:26.279
 left for the

00:47:26.279 --> 00:47:27.019
 Baptists to

00:47:27.019 --> 00:47:27.619
 take up John

00:47:27.619 --> 00:47:28.299
 Davenport's

00:47:28.299 --> 00:47:28.699
 scriptural

00:47:28.699 --> 00:47:29.359
 vision of a

00:47:29.359 --> 00:47:29.940
 pure church

00:47:29.940 --> 00:47:31.019
 and show a

00:47:31.019 --> 00:47:31.519
 more excellent

00:47:31.519 --> 00:47:31.880
 way.

00:47:33.639 --> 00:47:34.279
 Well, and so

00:47:34.279 --> 00:47:35.359
 we part with

00:47:35.359 --> 00:47:36.440
 this witness,

00:47:36.980 --> 00:47:37.599
 a polished

00:47:37.599 --> 00:47:39.579
 shaft in the

00:47:39.579 --> 00:47:40.239
 hands of

00:47:40.239 --> 00:47:40.779
 Christ.

00:47:41.980 --> 00:47:43.039
 Whoops, that

00:47:43.039 --> 00:47:43.500
 was the end.

00:47:44.639 --> 00:47:46.420
 So, maybe

00:47:46.420 --> 00:47:47.059
 one final

00:47:47.059 --> 00:47:47.380
 lesson.

00:47:50.059 --> 00:47:51.219
 A life

00:47:51.219 --> 00:47:52.319
 lived unto

00:47:52.319 --> 00:47:54.139
 God is

00:47:54.139 --> 00:47:55.059
 worth any

00:47:55.059 --> 00:47:56.340
 every

00:47:56.340 --> 00:47:57.500
 unsettlement.

00:47:58.299 --> 00:47:58.739
 That's one

00:47:58.739 --> 00:47:59.139
 of the things

00:47:59.139 --> 00:47:59.460
 that this

00:47:59.460 --> 00:48:00.119
 story of the

00:48:00.119 --> 00:48:00.860
 first colonist

00:48:00.860 --> 00:48:02.000
 tells me.

00:48:03.340 --> 00:48:04.179
 If you

00:48:04.179 --> 00:48:04.619
 were to

00:48:04.619 --> 00:48:05.579
 respond to

00:48:05.579 --> 00:48:06.239
 the call

00:48:06.239 --> 00:48:06.860
 of God

00:48:06.860 --> 00:48:07.380
 upon your

00:48:07.380 --> 00:48:07.840
 life,

00:48:09.159 --> 00:48:09.440
 what

00:48:09.440 --> 00:48:10.920
 unsettlement

00:48:10.920 --> 00:48:11.659
 might it

00:48:11.659 --> 00:48:12.259
 cause?

00:48:13.400 --> 00:48:14.159
 Any upheaval?

00:48:16.380 --> 00:48:17.039
 Back in

00:48:17.039 --> 00:48:17.639
 old England,

00:48:17.980 --> 00:48:18.719
 they were

00:48:18.719 --> 00:48:19.259
 urged to

00:48:19.259 --> 00:48:20.299
 settle down

00:48:20.299 --> 00:48:21.139
 at ease

00:48:21.139 --> 00:48:21.400
 in the

00:48:21.400 --> 00:48:22.119
 Elizabethan

00:48:22.119 --> 00:48:22.519
 settlement.

00:48:24.659 --> 00:48:25.500
 But they

00:48:25.500 --> 00:48:25.940
 felt it

00:48:25.940 --> 00:48:26.659
 would require

00:48:26.659 --> 00:48:27.239
 of them

00:48:27.239 --> 00:48:28.000
 that they

00:48:28.000 --> 00:48:29.400
 trim the

00:48:29.400 --> 00:48:31.259
 edges of

00:48:31.259 --> 00:48:32.219
 a wholehearted

00:48:32.219 --> 00:48:33.599
 response to

00:48:33.599 --> 00:48:34.299
 God's call.

00:48:35.759 --> 00:48:36.579
 And they

00:48:36.579 --> 00:48:37.299
 were convinced

00:48:37.299 --> 00:48:38.420
 that in the

00:48:38.420 --> 00:48:39.059
 call of God

00:48:39.059 --> 00:48:39.519
 upon their

00:48:39.519 --> 00:48:40.460
 lives, they

00:48:40.460 --> 00:48:41.179
 dare not

00:48:41.179 --> 00:48:42.319
 respond in

00:48:42.319 --> 00:48:43.259
 any way

00:48:43.259 --> 00:48:45.339
 less than

00:48:45.339 --> 00:48:45.980
 in all

00:48:45.980 --> 00:48:46.539
 things to

00:48:46.539 --> 00:48:47.000
 the utmost.

00:48:47.000 --> 00:48:49.340
 And so

00:48:49.340 --> 00:48:49.860
 theirs was

00:48:49.860 --> 00:48:50.860
 an unsettled

00:48:50.860 --> 00:48:52.400
 life in

00:48:52.400 --> 00:48:52.760
 terms of

00:48:52.760 --> 00:48:52.980
 outward

00:48:52.980 --> 00:48:53.500
 matters.

00:48:55.019 --> 00:48:55.579
 Relatively

00:48:55.579 --> 00:48:56.579
 trivial matters

00:48:56.579 --> 00:48:57.059
 of outward

00:48:57.059 --> 00:48:57.760
 sustenance,

00:48:57.960 --> 00:49:00.500
 but supremely

00:49:00.500 --> 00:49:01.280
 settled in

00:49:01.280 --> 00:49:01.639
 terms of

00:49:01.639 --> 00:49:02.159
 their deepest

00:49:02.159 --> 00:49:02.880
 core conviction

00:49:02.880 --> 00:49:03.980
 that the

00:49:03.980 --> 00:49:04.320
 pearl of

00:49:04.320 --> 00:49:04.960
 great price

00:49:04.960 --> 00:49:06.480
 was worth

00:49:06.480 --> 00:49:07.159
 any cost

00:49:07.159 --> 00:49:07.780
 to obtain.

00:49:08.820 --> 00:49:09.139
 Well, let

00:49:09.139 --> 00:49:09.500
 me end

00:49:09.500 --> 00:49:10.579
 there, and

00:49:10.579 --> 00:49:11.099
 I think we

00:49:11.099 --> 00:49:11.679
 probably have

00:49:11.679 --> 00:49:13.059
 five minutes

00:49:13.059 --> 00:49:14.820
 maybe, in

00:49:14.820 --> 00:49:15.159
 case there

00:49:15.159 --> 00:49:15.539
 are some

00:49:15.539 --> 00:49:15.980
 questions.

00:49:17.000 --> 00:49:17.500
 Yes?

00:49:18.940 --> 00:49:19.980
 It sounded

00:49:19.980 --> 00:49:21.159
 like Davenport

00:49:21.159 --> 00:49:21.980
 right at the

00:49:21.980 --> 00:49:22.920
 beginning when

00:49:22.920 --> 00:49:23.800
 he organized

00:49:23.800 --> 00:49:24.460
 the church

00:49:24.460 --> 00:49:28.099
 required evidence

00:49:28.099 --> 00:49:29.320
 of regeneration.

00:49:31.000 --> 00:49:31.400
 Yes?

00:49:32.980 --> 00:49:33.820
 Were there

00:49:33.820 --> 00:49:34.719
 people who

00:49:34.719 --> 00:49:35.980
 came, you

00:49:35.980 --> 00:49:36.480
 know, maybe

00:49:36.480 --> 00:49:37.199
 you don't, and

00:49:37.199 --> 00:49:37.739
 said, well, wait

00:49:37.739 --> 00:49:38.260
 a second, I was

00:49:38.260 --> 00:49:39.079
 baptized as an

00:49:39.079 --> 00:49:40.920
 infant, so I

00:49:40.920 --> 00:49:41.639
 am a member

00:49:41.639 --> 00:49:42.739
 of the church, so

00:49:42.739 --> 00:49:44.219
 I don't need

00:49:44.219 --> 00:49:45.019
 this examination.

00:49:45.659 --> 00:49:46.440
 No, nobody

00:49:46.440 --> 00:49:46.820
 brought that

00:49:46.820 --> 00:49:47.000
 up.

00:49:47.420 --> 00:49:48.280
 They all

00:49:48.280 --> 00:49:48.960
 agreed that

00:49:48.960 --> 00:49:49.440
 in order to

00:49:49.440 --> 00:49:52.300
 be able to

00:49:52.300 --> 00:49:52.920
 take communion,

00:49:53.039 --> 00:49:53.440
 in other words,

00:49:53.480 --> 00:49:53.840
 to be a

00:49:53.840 --> 00:49:54.220
 member in

00:49:54.220 --> 00:49:55.039
 good standing,

00:49:55.240 --> 00:49:55.700
 to be able to

00:49:55.700 --> 00:49:56.420
 take communion,

00:49:56.760 --> 00:49:57.880
 you had to

00:49:57.880 --> 00:49:58.900
 have evidence

00:49:58.900 --> 00:50:00.400
 of regeneration.

00:50:01.400 --> 00:50:01.880
 So that's the

00:50:01.880 --> 00:50:02.659
 way, so you

00:50:02.659 --> 00:50:03.200
 have to have

00:50:03.200 --> 00:50:03.659
 evidence of

00:50:03.659 --> 00:50:04.039
 regeneration.

00:50:04.420 --> 00:50:04.800
 In the

00:50:04.800 --> 00:50:05.240
 judgment of

00:50:05.240 --> 00:50:05.539
 charity.

00:50:05.980 --> 00:50:06.240
 In the

00:50:06.240 --> 00:50:06.679
 judgment of

00:50:06.679 --> 00:50:06.900
 charity.

00:50:07.260 --> 00:50:07.619
 Let's give

00:50:07.619 --> 00:50:08.900
 people the

00:50:08.900 --> 00:50:09.440
 benefit of the

00:50:09.440 --> 00:50:09.720
 doubt.

00:50:10.679 --> 00:50:11.159
 But yes?

00:50:11.159 --> 00:50:20.179
 Yes, so what

00:50:20.179 --> 00:50:20.699
 they would see

00:50:20.699 --> 00:50:22.199
 is, is there

00:50:22.199 --> 00:50:23.039
 any evidence in

00:50:23.039 --> 00:50:24.739
 your life that

00:50:24.739 --> 00:50:27.519
 you follow

00:50:27.519 --> 00:50:29.319
 Christ, that the

00:50:29.319 --> 00:50:30.219
 dominant influence

00:50:30.219 --> 00:50:30.920
 in your life is

00:50:30.920 --> 00:50:31.579
 Christ?

00:50:31.839 --> 00:50:32.339
 Do you ever

00:50:32.339 --> 00:50:33.139
 give up anything

00:50:33.139 --> 00:50:33.859
 for Christ?

00:50:34.899 --> 00:50:35.759
 Or do you

00:50:35.759 --> 00:50:36.219
 live for the

00:50:36.219 --> 00:50:36.559
 world, the

00:50:36.559 --> 00:50:37.000
 flesh, and the

00:50:37.000 --> 00:50:37.199
 devil?

00:50:37.199 --> 00:50:38.379
 people, is

00:50:38.379 --> 00:50:39.679
 there any

00:50:39.679 --> 00:50:40.639
 evidence that

00:50:40.639 --> 00:50:42.119
 for anything in

00:50:42.119 --> 00:50:43.960
 your life, I

00:50:43.960 --> 00:50:45.059
 will reject

00:50:45.059 --> 00:50:45.879
 this and not

00:50:45.879 --> 00:50:46.599
 walk down this

00:50:46.599 --> 00:50:47.879
 path because of

00:50:47.879 --> 00:50:49.259
 Christ, my

00:50:49.259 --> 00:50:49.779
 allegiance to

00:50:49.779 --> 00:50:50.179
 Christ?

00:50:51.159 --> 00:50:51.819
 So that sort of

00:50:51.819 --> 00:50:52.000
 thing.

00:50:52.659 --> 00:50:53.679
 So any of the

00:50:53.679 --> 00:50:54.099
 fruit of the

00:50:54.099 --> 00:50:56.219
 spirit would be

00:50:56.219 --> 00:50:56.859
 evidence of this

00:50:56.859 --> 00:50:57.339
 sort of thing.

00:50:58.000 --> 00:50:59.519
 So, yeah.

00:51:00.619 --> 00:51:01.379
 Who decided?

00:51:02.019 --> 00:51:02.879
 Well, the

00:51:02.879 --> 00:51:03.199
 elders.

00:51:03.859 --> 00:51:04.500
 So there were

00:51:04.500 --> 00:51:04.899
 twelve at the

00:51:04.899 --> 00:51:05.179
 time.

00:51:05.379 --> 00:51:06.559
 The elders in

00:51:06.559 --> 00:51:07.579
 the judgment.

00:51:07.940 --> 00:51:08.440
 So the elders

00:51:08.440 --> 00:51:08.860
 would make a

00:51:08.860 --> 00:51:10.759
 recommendation, but

00:51:10.759 --> 00:51:12.619
 the church would

00:51:12.619 --> 00:51:13.799
 decide that.

00:51:14.960 --> 00:51:15.679
 The congregation.

00:51:15.920 --> 00:51:16.199
 They were

00:51:16.199 --> 00:51:16.900
 congregationals.

00:51:17.360 --> 00:51:17.940
 So the church

00:51:17.940 --> 00:51:18.679
 had to actually

00:51:18.679 --> 00:51:19.519
 vote on that.

00:51:21.079 --> 00:51:21.259
 Yeah?

00:51:21.619 --> 00:51:22.639
 I think I heard

00:51:22.639 --> 00:51:23.679
 you, the statistics

00:51:23.679 --> 00:51:25.940
 was like 64%

00:51:25.940 --> 00:51:28.380
 were in good

00:51:28.380 --> 00:51:28.739
 standing.

00:51:29.500 --> 00:51:30.340
 So did those

00:51:30.340 --> 00:51:31.679
 others come all

00:51:31.679 --> 00:51:33.039
 that way thinking

00:51:33.039 --> 00:51:34.179
 that I want to

00:51:34.179 --> 00:51:34.840
 live that way,

00:51:34.980 --> 00:51:35.340
 I want to live

00:51:35.340 --> 00:51:35.799
 to this new

00:51:35.799 --> 00:51:36.340
 country, you

00:51:36.340 --> 00:51:37.360
 part of his

00:51:37.360 --> 00:51:38.740
 covenant plantation

00:51:38.740 --> 00:51:39.539
 and then did he

00:51:39.539 --> 00:51:40.480
 pass the test?

00:51:40.680 --> 00:51:40.940
 Yes.

00:51:40.940 --> 00:51:41.920
 Were they coming

00:51:41.920 --> 00:51:42.800
 because they're

00:51:42.800 --> 00:51:43.340
 like, oh yeah,

00:51:43.380 --> 00:51:43.960
 I can get my

00:51:43.960 --> 00:51:44.640
 land grabbed,

00:51:45.140 --> 00:51:46.440
 start business.

00:51:46.660 --> 00:51:47.720
 I mean, I'm just

00:51:47.720 --> 00:51:48.800
 curious about that.

00:51:48.800 --> 00:51:49.180
 So, yeah.

00:51:49.320 --> 00:51:49.920
 I mean, that's not

00:51:49.920 --> 00:51:50.740
 much better than

00:51:50.740 --> 00:51:51.100
 half.

00:51:51.800 --> 00:51:52.240
 Right.

00:51:52.340 --> 00:51:52.680
 It was two

00:51:52.680 --> 00:51:53.039
 thirds.

00:51:53.960 --> 00:51:55.260
 But yes, many of

00:51:55.260 --> 00:51:55.539
 them would have

00:51:55.539 --> 00:51:56.380
 come recognizing

00:51:56.380 --> 00:51:57.800
 I'm not yet

00:51:57.800 --> 00:51:58.400
 regenerate.

00:51:58.780 --> 00:51:59.740
 I hope to be.

00:51:59.740 --> 00:52:00.559
 And I think my

00:52:00.559 --> 00:52:01.800
 best prospects of

00:52:01.800 --> 00:52:02.800
 becoming regenerate,

00:52:03.160 --> 00:52:03.760
 faith comes by

00:52:03.760 --> 00:52:04.740
 hearing, hearing by

00:52:04.739 --> 00:52:05.399
 the word of God.

00:52:05.779 --> 00:52:06.599
 John Davenport is

00:52:06.599 --> 00:52:07.139
 a remarkable

00:52:07.139 --> 00:52:07.559
 preacher.

00:52:08.019 --> 00:52:08.959
 I will follow him

00:52:08.959 --> 00:52:09.459
 to the ends of

00:52:09.459 --> 00:52:10.139
 the earth because

00:52:10.139 --> 00:52:11.079
 I want to be

00:52:11.079 --> 00:52:11.539
 regenerate.

00:52:11.579 --> 00:52:12.159
 I'm not yet.

00:52:12.459 --> 00:52:13.199
 The spirit of God

00:52:13.199 --> 00:52:13.859
 has not softened

00:52:13.859 --> 00:52:14.939
 my heart, but I'm

00:52:14.939 --> 00:52:15.279
 hopeful.

00:52:15.539 --> 00:52:16.359
 I'm not regenerate

00:52:16.359 --> 00:52:16.839
 yet, but I'm

00:52:16.839 --> 00:52:17.219
 hopeful.

00:52:17.759 --> 00:52:18.959
 So they could have

00:52:18.959 --> 00:52:19.459
 been very, very

00:52:19.459 --> 00:52:21.239
 sincerely hoping to

00:52:21.239 --> 00:52:22.079
 become regenerate,

00:52:22.959 --> 00:52:24.259
 desiring it vehemently,

00:52:24.579 --> 00:52:25.399
 but the penny

00:52:25.399 --> 00:52:26.019
 hadn't dropped for

00:52:26.019 --> 00:52:26.439
 them yet.

00:52:27.519 --> 00:52:28.479
 Hard to search the

00:52:28.479 --> 00:52:28.799
 hearts.

00:52:29.159 --> 00:52:29.539
 You know, are there

00:52:29.539 --> 00:52:29.819
 some?

00:52:29.820 --> 00:52:30.460
 If I was going

00:52:30.460 --> 00:52:30.980
 to cross the

00:52:30.980 --> 00:52:31.880
 ocean in the

00:52:31.880 --> 00:52:33.120
 1600s, I'd have

00:52:33.120 --> 00:52:33.640
 been believing

00:52:33.640 --> 00:52:34.320
 in God, too.

00:52:34.400 --> 00:52:36.860
 Yeah, exactly.

00:52:37.240 --> 00:52:37.720
 And I would have

00:52:37.720 --> 00:52:38.460
 dropped God as

00:52:38.460 --> 00:52:39.160
 soon as I...

00:52:39.160 --> 00:52:39.600
 You're right.

00:52:40.019 --> 00:52:40.460
 Yes.

00:52:40.460 --> 00:52:41.220
 John, is there

00:52:41.220 --> 00:52:42.000
 anything in the

00:52:42.000 --> 00:52:42.680
 writing of the

00:52:42.680 --> 00:52:43.600
 readers of the

00:52:43.600 --> 00:52:44.559
 time called

00:52:44.559 --> 00:52:46.940
 self-doubt or

00:52:46.940 --> 00:52:47.760
 about whether

00:52:47.760 --> 00:52:49.380
 they're kind of

00:52:49.380 --> 00:52:50.180
 close to

00:52:50.180 --> 00:52:51.640
 division over the

00:52:51.640 --> 00:52:52.900
 brother and

00:52:52.900 --> 00:52:53.559
 people?

00:52:54.400 --> 00:52:55.000
 And this is

00:52:55.000 --> 00:52:55.820
 very close to

00:52:55.820 --> 00:52:56.160
 division.

00:52:56.159 --> 00:52:59.920
 Well, yeah, they

00:52:59.920 --> 00:53:00.460
 felt like they

00:53:00.460 --> 00:53:00.980
 were involved in

00:53:00.980 --> 00:53:01.539
 each other's lives.

00:53:01.619 --> 00:53:02.219
 They had small

00:53:02.219 --> 00:53:02.699
 groups.

00:53:03.219 --> 00:53:05.079
 They had small

00:53:05.079 --> 00:53:05.579
 groups, kind of

00:53:05.579 --> 00:53:06.239
 like we do.

00:53:06.399 --> 00:53:06.819
 People were

00:53:06.819 --> 00:53:07.299
 involved in each

00:53:07.299 --> 00:53:07.879
 other's lives.

00:53:07.980 --> 00:53:08.420
 The women were

00:53:08.420 --> 00:53:09.299
 very involved.

00:53:10.000 --> 00:53:12.239
 There was a lot

00:53:12.239 --> 00:53:13.819
 of lay involvement.

00:53:14.480 --> 00:53:16.119
 So this was a

00:53:16.119 --> 00:53:16.719
 big part of your

00:53:16.719 --> 00:53:17.079
 life.

00:53:17.179 --> 00:53:17.839
 So people knew

00:53:17.839 --> 00:53:18.940
 each other well.

00:53:19.399 --> 00:53:20.019
 So yes, they

00:53:20.019 --> 00:53:20.480
 thought that they

00:53:20.480 --> 00:53:21.039
 could be involved

00:53:21.039 --> 00:53:21.539
 in each other's

00:53:21.539 --> 00:53:21.819
 lives.

00:53:22.299 --> 00:53:22.839
 And were.

00:53:23.839 --> 00:53:24.440
 That's a common

00:53:24.440 --> 00:53:25.119
 group that you

00:53:25.119 --> 00:53:25.879
 continue to know

00:53:25.880 --> 00:53:26.380
 through it.

00:53:27.079 --> 00:53:28.160
 Yeah, yeah.

00:53:28.260 --> 00:53:28.700
 And what you

00:53:28.700 --> 00:53:29.480
 do is if you

00:53:29.480 --> 00:53:30.300
 got too big,

00:53:30.860 --> 00:53:31.579
 you'd have another

00:53:31.579 --> 00:53:32.559
 little church and

00:53:32.559 --> 00:53:32.880
 you'd be in

00:53:32.880 --> 00:53:33.280
 Brantford.

00:53:33.380 --> 00:53:33.880
 Then you'd be in

00:53:33.880 --> 00:53:34.240
 Guilford.

00:53:34.740 --> 00:53:35.059
 Then you'd be,

00:53:35.160 --> 00:53:35.480
 you know, so

00:53:35.480 --> 00:53:36.360
 you'd have other

00:53:36.360 --> 00:53:37.300
 churches that were

00:53:37.300 --> 00:53:39.820
 not so large that

00:53:39.820 --> 00:53:40.800
 it was impossible.

00:53:40.980 --> 00:53:41.400
 We're not talking

00:53:41.400 --> 00:53:42.440
 mega churches here.

00:53:43.400 --> 00:53:44.200
 So yes.

00:53:44.880 --> 00:53:45.480
 Yeah, Mike.

00:53:46.079 --> 00:53:47.700
 Just so I

00:53:47.700 --> 00:53:48.220
 think you want to

00:53:48.220 --> 00:53:50.420
 clarify, there was

00:53:50.420 --> 00:53:50.940
 a whole more

00:53:50.940 --> 00:53:52.059
 apology or a

00:53:52.059 --> 00:53:52.960
 whole set way of

00:53:52.960 --> 00:53:53.360
 how we would

00:53:53.360 --> 00:53:54.599
 determine whether

00:53:54.599 --> 00:53:55.180
 a person was

00:53:55.179 --> 00:53:55.719
 regenerative.

00:53:55.859 --> 00:53:56.399
 There were steps

00:53:56.399 --> 00:53:56.839
 they had to

00:53:56.839 --> 00:53:57.399
 follow.

00:53:58.199 --> 00:53:58.659
 A lot of them

00:53:58.659 --> 00:53:59.419
 actually laid it

00:53:59.419 --> 00:53:59.699
 out.

00:53:59.919 --> 00:54:00.039
 Yeah.

00:54:00.039 --> 00:54:01.679
 So it wasn't so

00:54:01.679 --> 00:54:02.679
 subjective as we

00:54:02.679 --> 00:54:03.319
 might think it

00:54:03.319 --> 00:54:03.599
 was.

00:54:04.199 --> 00:54:04.799
 I don't agree with

00:54:04.799 --> 00:54:06.339
 that morphology,

00:54:06.460 --> 00:54:07.119
 but it was very

00:54:07.119 --> 00:54:09.639
 much put, they all

00:54:09.639 --> 00:54:10.379
 understood that

00:54:10.379 --> 00:54:10.859
 there were the

00:54:10.859 --> 00:54:12.059
 steps they had to

00:54:12.059 --> 00:54:13.460
 go through with

00:54:13.460 --> 00:54:14.299
 penance and

00:54:14.299 --> 00:54:15.739
 so forth and all

00:54:15.739 --> 00:54:15.980
 that.

00:54:16.059 --> 00:54:16.659
 And if they didn't

00:54:16.659 --> 00:54:17.079
 follow them

00:54:17.079 --> 00:54:18.419
 exactly, usually

00:54:18.419 --> 00:54:19.059
 the elders said,

00:54:19.119 --> 00:54:19.519
 well, you've got to

00:54:19.519 --> 00:54:20.159
 go back and get

00:54:20.159 --> 00:54:20.879
 the steps right.

00:54:20.880 --> 00:54:21.460
 That's right.

00:54:21.599 --> 00:54:21.980
 So they had

00:54:21.980 --> 00:54:22.640
 thought about this

00:54:22.640 --> 00:54:23.960
 very carefully.

00:54:24.340 --> 00:54:24.840
 And one of the

00:54:24.840 --> 00:54:25.320
 things that you

00:54:25.320 --> 00:54:26.059
 would experience,

00:54:26.160 --> 00:54:26.579
 you would give an

00:54:26.579 --> 00:54:27.260
 account and you'd

00:54:27.260 --> 00:54:28.559
 say, you experience

00:54:28.559 --> 00:54:29.500
 the terrors of the

00:54:29.500 --> 00:54:30.099
 law or the

00:54:30.099 --> 00:54:31.700
 thunders of Sinai.

00:54:32.840 --> 00:54:34.280
 I feel myself to be

00:54:34.280 --> 00:54:35.860
 completely undone, a

00:54:35.860 --> 00:54:37.039
 sinner, and there's

00:54:37.039 --> 00:54:38.000
 no hope in myself.

00:54:38.180 --> 00:54:38.780
 I've come to the end

00:54:38.780 --> 00:54:39.260
 of myself.

00:54:39.720 --> 00:54:40.240
 So you would have

00:54:40.240 --> 00:54:40.980
 to, you couldn't

00:54:40.980 --> 00:54:41.740
 just say, hey, I'm

00:54:41.740 --> 00:54:42.380
 just feeling really

00:54:42.380 --> 00:54:43.240
 comfortable about my

00:54:43.240 --> 00:54:43.579
 faith.

00:54:44.160 --> 00:54:45.200
 You know, I just

00:54:45.200 --> 00:54:46.260
 feel so consoled.

00:54:46.260 --> 00:54:46.880
 No, you had to

00:54:46.880 --> 00:54:47.600
 experience the

00:54:47.600 --> 00:54:48.680
 terrors of Sinai and

00:54:48.680 --> 00:54:49.800
 the law and your

00:54:49.800 --> 00:54:50.620
 inability to fulfill

00:54:50.620 --> 00:54:52.480
 it before you could.

00:54:52.580 --> 00:54:53.100
 So there was a

00:54:53.100 --> 00:54:54.640
 morphology, as Mike

00:54:54.640 --> 00:54:55.920
 says, a whole sequence

00:54:55.920 --> 00:54:56.360
 that they had

00:54:56.360 --> 00:54:56.500
 down.

00:54:56.540 --> 00:54:57.660
 They thought a lot

00:54:57.660 --> 00:54:58.580
 about this.

00:54:59.020 --> 00:54:59.400
 That's right.

00:54:59.520 --> 00:55:01.120
 So it wasn't, they

00:55:01.120 --> 00:55:01.920
 would have said, this

00:55:01.920 --> 00:55:02.860
 is not subjective.

00:55:03.480 --> 00:55:05.220
 This is the biblical

00:55:05.220 --> 00:55:06.160
 account that we are

00:55:06.160 --> 00:55:06.900
 following.

00:55:07.480 --> 00:55:08.480
 So we are looking

00:55:08.480 --> 00:55:09.920
 for precise things.

00:55:10.640 --> 00:55:11.600
 So, yeah, it

00:55:11.600 --> 00:55:12.440
 wasn't just, hey, I

00:55:12.440 --> 00:55:13.120
 like this guy.

00:55:13.460 --> 00:55:14.320
 No, no.

00:55:15.040 --> 00:55:15.280
 Yeah.

00:55:16.260 --> 00:55:16.880
 Team, we should

00:55:16.880 --> 00:55:19.280
 probably head up

00:55:19.280 --> 00:55:20.380
 because it's five

00:55:20.380 --> 00:55:20.640
 minutes.

00:55:21.220 --> 00:55:22.100
 Next week, Lord

00:55:22.100 --> 00:55:23.040
 willing, we'll talk

00:55:23.040 --> 00:55:23.780
 about the founding

00:55:23.780 --> 00:55:25.720
 of Yale, the

00:55:25.720 --> 00:55:26.300
 founding of Yale

00:55:26.300 --> 00:55:28.060
 College and the

00:55:28.060 --> 00:55:28.560
 vision there.

00:55:28.560 --> 00:55:29.780
 Thank you.