WEBVTT

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 Well, at the age of 16, Lance Armstrong started competing in triathlons.

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 He became national sprint course champion in 1989 at the age of 18, two years after starting

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 competing and again in 1990.

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 In 1992, he became a professional cyclist at the age of 21.

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 He won the world championship the next year.

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 Three years later, 1996, he was diagnosed with cancer.

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 He returned to cycling just two years later in 1998 and won the Tour de France.

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 And for the next seven years, he won that race, seven years in a row.

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 He was a champion who beat cancer.

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 And we love winners, particularly winners who overcome adversity.

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 So why is he not liked anymore?

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 Because he cheated.

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 Because he cheated.

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 He broke the rules, took performance enhancing drugs.

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 When it first was raised in his career around about 1990, 1999, he denied it and eventually

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 came out with a public admission in 2013.

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 He was stripped of all of his awards and he was given a lifetime ban from all sport.

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 Not just from cycling, from all sport.

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 The judge, in declaring that, considered that he was the biggest cheat they'd ever experienced.

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 As human beings, we don't just look at the world through the lens of what is.

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 We look at the world through the lens of what ought to be.

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 We can't help but think that some things are right and some things are wrong.

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 But how do you decide which is right and which is wrong?

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 There's a whole range of ethical issues.

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 We face it every single day of our life of what's an ethical issue.

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 Use of plastic bags.

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 The origin of the clothes that I wear.

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 Cold power stations.

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 Generosity.

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 Immigration.

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 Sexuality.

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 Whether I'm allowed to poke little furry animals with sticks.

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 Like, the range of issues is you're confronted with it every day.

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 What's good?

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 What's bad?

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 But specifically, on what basis do you decide what's good and what's bad?

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 What we're seeking to do in the coming weeks is to look at Christianity.

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 Look at the rising tide of secularism in our society.

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 And we're also looking at some other religions, occasions.

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 We throw that in there.

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 And see which of these belief systems, and they are all belief systems, including atheism.

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 So if you weren't here last week, go and check that one out from last week.

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 And work out which is the best solution to what every human being needs in order to flourish.

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 In life.

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 Things like meaning, the ability to face suffering, an identity solid enough to endure all the ups and downs of our personal performance.

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 A basis for moral judgment, deciding on what is right and wrong, which is today.

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 Belief systems is what provides these things, so which does it best.

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 And the goal in the next number of weeks is to strengthen the faith of the believer, but also to challenge the skeptic to see that the Christian faith, which is increasingly becoming rejected in our society, is both plausible, relevant, and good.

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 And so today we're looking at the contribution to Christianity in the issue of morality.

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 And I want to do that by three ways.

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 What we're looking at is by looking at how these good and evil decisions, morality decisions used were traditionally made, how they're made in a secular culture like today, and the unique contribution of the Christian faith.

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 So traditional good and evil.

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 A moral judgment is how we explain moral convictions, moral obligations, and moral motivation.

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 So every moral judgment has three elements to it.

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 A moral conviction or a moral feeling, a moral obligation, and a moral motivation.

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 A moral conviction is I feel X is right and I feel Y is wrong.

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 I feel I feel I should always do X, but I should never do Y.

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 And it's a moral conviction, it's a moral feeling.

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 It's personal.

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 A moral obligation, however, is when I say I feel X is right and you also should feel X is right.

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 You're obligated to feel the same way that I feel.

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 It's moral obligation.

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 Even if you don't feel it, you should feel it.

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 It's an ought.

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 That's the difference between moral feelings and moral obligation.

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 So what is the basis for moral obligation?

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 That's the key that I want to really unpack today.

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 What's the basis for moral obligation?

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 Historically, all religions and traditional cultures have said that the basis for moral obligation

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 is a sacred order that exists outside of the world in which we live.

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 It's transcendent.

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 Christianity, Judaism, Islam have traditionally said,

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 if God says it's wrong, then it's wrong.

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 Even cultures that didn't have any concept of a personal God, such as the Greeks,

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 still believed in a realm that existed beyond the physical material world in which we lived.

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 In fact, the Greeks called that realm the logos.

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 The thing that was behind the world that gave order to the world was the logos.

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 The logos was the cosmic order, a set of moral absolutes that stood outside the universe.

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 And to live a good life in this world as a Greek was to align yourself with that moral order of the logos.

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 Ancient Chinese, especially Confucius, had a similar idea.

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 Confucius told people how to live, but not because he said so.

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 Confucius said you must live this way because it fits with heaven's will.

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 A wise and a virtuous life was aligned to heaven's will.

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 Now, of course, all the different religions and cultures have different opinions on that sacred order

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 and therefore on what those moral absolutes were.

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 But there is, and nevertheless, that was the basis of a rational justification for every bit of morality and moral decision.

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 That is, every justification for morality was linked to purpose.

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 There's a purpose behind the universe.

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 And unless I obey the moral absolutes and fulfil my purpose, then I will most likely destroy my life now

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 and also in the afterlife if that belief system had an afterlife.

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 Now, that's how people used to make decisions of what was good and what is not.

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 It was linked to purpose.

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 Telos is the Greek word for purpose.

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 Telos, the end, the goal of life.

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 Your life must align to the telos.

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 And the other Greek word that they used, as I mentioned, was logos,

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 which means the word, the logic, the reason for something,

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 the purpose and the reason, the telos and the logos.

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 You must align your life to the telos and the logos.

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 For instance,

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 is this a good watch or a bad watch?

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 On what basis do you make that decision?

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 Because it's black?

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 You must first ask the question,

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 what is the purpose of the watch?

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 You see, I could put this watch on and say,

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 well, it's a, you know, I think it's a good watch.

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 And then I decide that I'm going to hammer a nail into this brick wall with my watch.

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 And it breaks it and you go, bad watch.

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 Bad, bad watch.

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 But that's not the purpose of the watch.

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 What is the purpose of the watch?

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 You cannot decide whether it's a good or a bad watch

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 until you first understand the purpose of it.

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 And that is what traditional cultures do.

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 What are human beings made for?

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 And the answer to that question is the basis of determining between good and evil.

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 Now, the secular framework for determining good and evil starts without any purpose.

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 Secularism says all of life is an accident

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 and it rejects any sense of the transcendent world.

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 A transcendent creator, a transcendent being,

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 in his book River Out of Eden, Richard Dawkins writes this.

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 The universe we observe has precisely the properties we should expect

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 if there is, at bottom, no design, no purpose, no evil, and no good,

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 nothing but blind, pitiless indifference.

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 Now, let me just say here,

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 just in case you think I'm going to head in an unhelpful direction,

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 I believe, I think,

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 that secular people, atheists,

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 do good things.

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 It's not a question of whether they can do good things.

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 They can do very good things.

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 In fact, there are many atheists

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 who have incredibly high moral convictions,

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 moral feelings.

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 I do, however,

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 think that there is an enormous problem

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 for a secular society like ours

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 on the issue of moral obligation.

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 A secular worldview really struggles

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 to have a consistent,

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 coherent argument for moral obligation.

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 So Richard Dawkins writes that in a book.

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 And then the same Richard Dawkins,

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 in the summer of 2013,

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 when England was playing Australia in the Ashes Test,

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 and he's a major cricket fan,

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 accused English player Stuart Broad of cheating.

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 The fuming cricket fan Hawkins wrote on Twitter,

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 Stuart Broad obviously knew perfectly well he was caught,

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 refused to walk,

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 what a revolting cheat.

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 I now want Australia to win the Ashes,

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 and don't we all?

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 The question is,

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 on what basis did Hawkins make that claim?

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 It's a value judgment.

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 On what basis did he make that claim?

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 He can only say Broad was a cheat

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 if there is a purpose by which Broad,

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 Hawkins,

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 and you and I must live to.

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 On what basis does this secular person

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 call for moral obligation?

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 You must not cheat.

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 Now, I'll mention a few of the main arguments

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 for moral obligation in the secular world.

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 There's a number of them,

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 but here's just a few of the bigger ones.

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 First, there's the evolutionary argument.

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 It states,

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 Well,

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 all organisms are engaged in a struggle to survive,

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 and those things that help species survive

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 are selected.

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 A giraffe's long neck,

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 a cat's ability to land on its feet,

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 nine times out of ten,

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 or a human being's sense of morality.

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 It's an evolved sense we have.

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 That is,

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 the moral feelings we have come,

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 have come from our ancestors,

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 and they help us to survive.

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 One major counter-argument against that view

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 is that evolutionary ethics

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 describes function,

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 not morality.

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 Natural selection has chosen

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 the lion's pointy teeth.

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 It's chosen the eagle's wings.

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 It's chosen the baboon's big red butt.

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 Not because they're right,

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 not because they're good,

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 but because they work.

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 They get the job done.

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 Another counter-argument is that

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 just because ethical behavior,

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 X, Y, Z,

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 helped my ancestors survive,

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 that doesn't in any way

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 obligate me to live in exactly the same way as them.

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 There's no obligation to follow a feeling

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 just because it's evolution.

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 A further counter-argument is that

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 if morality is a result of evolution,

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 then you cannot logically

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 criticize the past generations.

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 You cannot criticize

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 previous decisions of other cultures

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 because they were simply less evolved.

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 In other words,

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 what they,

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 at their stage of evolution,

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 determined to be good

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 cannot now be called bad.

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 It's like saying,

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 my cat is a terrible cat

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 because it cannot fill its own water bowl.

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 A secular person

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 cannot in any good conscience

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 criticize any past behavior of societies

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 as being immoral.

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 It's like that.

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 That's a difficult problem for them.

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 In other words,

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 marriage between a man and a woman

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 in past generations

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 was good.

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 They have to say it was good.

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 One last counter-argument.

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 If evolution and natural selection

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 is the basis for moral obligation,

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 then the strong eating the weak

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 is natural

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 and any feeling that I have contrary

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 is wrong.

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 Genocide is natural

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 because it's the strong

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 eating the weak

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 and it therefore has to be

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 determined as good.

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 Secondly,

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 the pragmatic argument.

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 This one is simply,

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 if no one does good,

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 then all we're going to get

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 is bad

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 and so it's in the best interest

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 of everyone to do good.

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 The pragmatic argument

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 isn't saying

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 it is wrong

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 to let the poor starve.

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 They're saying

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 it's just impractical

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 to let the poor starve.

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 It's impractical

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 not to help

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 Syria and Turkey right now.

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 Now the danger

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 of this argument

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 is the definition

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 of what is practical

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 comes down to

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 what's at my best interest.

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 The reason I should care

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 about the environment

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 and feed the poor

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 is because it serves me.

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 It's about my good.

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 It will turn out better for me.

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 It sounds very self-centred.

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 The third argument,

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 which is the one

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 that's really popular nowadays,

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 and you probably see this

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 worked out in the media

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 a lot more,

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 is the social consensus.

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 This one tends to be

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 the most popular, I think.

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 As a modern society,

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 we've progressed to see

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 that some things

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 that were done in the past

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 were not so good

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 and now we're seeing

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 them as bad

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 and we need to

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 right the bad.

00:18:48.680 --> 00:18:49.740
 Can you see how that one

00:18:49.740 --> 00:18:50.779
 conflicts with the first

00:18:50.779 --> 00:18:51.720
 argument of evolution?

00:18:53.259 --> 00:18:55.220
 And there is a social consensus

00:18:55.220 --> 00:18:58.420
 or there soon will be

00:18:58.420 --> 00:19:00.359
 that that stuff is bad

00:19:00.359 --> 00:19:01.200
 and needs to be changed

00:19:01.200 --> 00:19:01.799
 to the good.

00:19:02.759 --> 00:19:04.140
 If a majority says

00:19:04.140 --> 00:19:06.059
 it's wrong to starve the poor,

00:19:06.059 --> 00:19:07.519
 then it's wrong

00:19:07.519 --> 00:19:08.519
 to starve the poor.

00:19:12.440 --> 00:19:13.879
 Now, the counter argument

00:19:13.879 --> 00:19:14.579
 for this

00:19:14.579 --> 00:19:15.659
 is many

00:19:15.659 --> 00:19:17.919
 and it's pretty straightforward.

00:19:18.779 --> 00:19:19.899
 A thousand years ago,

00:19:20.039 --> 00:19:20.819
 social consensus

00:19:20.819 --> 00:19:21.759
 said that slavery

00:19:21.759 --> 00:19:22.419
 was fine.

00:19:22.420 --> 00:19:26.440
 So was it good then?

00:19:28.580 --> 00:19:29.880
 Or was it fine then?

00:19:33.200 --> 00:19:34.300
 It wasn't good then,

00:19:34.340 --> 00:19:34.680
 was it?

00:19:35.000 --> 00:19:36.460
 I mean, was slavery good then?

00:19:38.259 --> 00:19:38.980
 In other words,

00:19:39.019 --> 00:19:40.900
 has racism only just become

00:19:40.900 --> 00:19:41.740
 a bad thing?

00:19:42.360 --> 00:19:43.539
 Or was it bad

00:19:43.539 --> 00:19:44.680
 300 years ago?

00:19:49.640 --> 00:19:51.200
 It was wrong then too.

00:19:51.200 --> 00:19:53.019
 Even though there was

00:19:53.019 --> 00:19:54.059
 social consensus

00:19:54.059 --> 00:19:55.799
 for it back in those days.

00:19:57.360 --> 00:19:58.240
 Don't forget

00:19:58.240 --> 00:19:59.580
 there was social consensus

00:19:59.580 --> 00:20:00.680
 in Nazi Germany

00:20:00.680 --> 00:20:02.140
 to exterminate the Jews.

00:20:04.420 --> 00:20:05.180
 Social consensus

00:20:05.180 --> 00:20:05.940
 in itself

00:20:05.940 --> 00:20:06.840
 is not the basis

00:20:06.840 --> 00:20:07.400
 of morality.

00:20:11.799 --> 00:20:13.580
 There was social consensus

00:20:13.580 --> 00:20:15.799
 in our society

00:20:15.799 --> 00:20:19.000
 to effectively

00:20:19.000 --> 00:20:20.660
 denigrate

00:20:20.660 --> 00:20:21.820
 Aboriginal cultures.

00:20:22.440 --> 00:20:23.680
 There was social consensus

00:20:23.680 --> 00:20:24.800
 to exterminate them

00:20:24.800 --> 00:20:25.560
 in Tasmania.

00:20:26.420 --> 00:20:27.360
 Was that good?

00:20:29.940 --> 00:20:30.500
 No.

00:20:35.500 --> 00:20:36.660
 There's a second sting

00:20:36.660 --> 00:20:37.680
 in the tale of this one

00:20:37.680 --> 00:20:40.360
 which I think

00:20:40.360 --> 00:20:40.920
 that

00:20:40.920 --> 00:20:42.940
 the modern progressives

00:20:42.940 --> 00:20:43.900
 need to realise.

00:20:44.660 --> 00:20:46.240
 Anything that is called

00:20:46.240 --> 00:20:47.080
 good today,

00:20:47.079 --> 00:20:50.559
 your deepest values,

00:20:51.439 --> 00:20:52.359
 your treasured

00:20:53.359 --> 00:20:54.720
 moral standards

00:20:54.720 --> 00:20:56.939
 could well be considered

00:20:56.939 --> 00:20:58.899
 bad within the next 20 years.

00:21:02.359 --> 00:21:04.399
 Depending on how society changes.

00:21:06.299 --> 00:21:07.720
 Good cannot be determined

00:21:07.720 --> 00:21:08.539
 by society

00:21:08.539 --> 00:21:09.939
 because society shifts

00:21:09.939 --> 00:21:11.220
 so quickly.

00:21:11.699 --> 00:21:13.279
 It has a fickle mind.

00:21:13.279 --> 00:21:16.059
 The biggest problem

00:21:16.059 --> 00:21:17.559
 with the social consensus argument

00:21:17.559 --> 00:21:19.039
 is how quickly

00:21:19.039 --> 00:21:20.579
 it leads to the problem

00:21:20.579 --> 00:21:21.720
 of authority.

00:21:23.559 --> 00:21:24.660
 And the problem

00:21:24.660 --> 00:21:25.960
 of what if you are

00:21:25.960 --> 00:21:27.160
 in the minority

00:21:27.160 --> 00:21:29.319
 that doesn't agree.

00:21:29.319 --> 00:21:32.139
 it could be

00:21:32.139 --> 00:21:32.599
 the wealthy,

00:21:33.000 --> 00:21:33.639
 the government,

00:21:34.099 --> 00:21:35.299
 the newspaper editors,

00:21:35.439 --> 00:21:36.139
 the school bully,

00:21:36.339 --> 00:21:37.899
 the social media influence,

00:21:38.099 --> 00:21:39.019
 or just simply

00:21:39.019 --> 00:21:39.460
 the one

00:21:39.460 --> 00:21:40.079
 who shouts

00:21:40.079 --> 00:21:40.960
 the loudest.

00:21:42.539 --> 00:21:43.539
 The person

00:21:43.539 --> 00:21:44.200
 with power

00:21:44.200 --> 00:21:45.039
 can impose

00:21:45.039 --> 00:21:45.779
 their own

00:21:45.779 --> 00:21:46.859
 set of morality

00:21:46.859 --> 00:21:47.659
 on others

00:21:47.659 --> 00:21:48.919
 even if there's

00:21:48.919 --> 00:21:49.879
 no justification

00:21:49.879 --> 00:21:51.359
 for that morality

00:21:51.359 --> 00:21:52.480
 whatsoever.

00:21:52.480 --> 00:21:55.720
 ever heard

00:21:55.720 --> 00:21:56.640
 statements like

00:21:56.640 --> 00:21:57.799
 religion should have

00:21:57.799 --> 00:21:58.460
 no voice

00:21:58.460 --> 00:21:59.019
 in today's

00:21:59.019 --> 00:22:00.140
 modern secular society

00:22:00.140 --> 00:22:00.819
 when discussing

00:22:00.819 --> 00:22:02.000
 ethical issues?

00:22:03.960 --> 00:22:05.220
 That's an authority

00:22:05.220 --> 00:22:05.779
 argument.

00:22:10.980 --> 00:22:12.420
 The counter to this

00:22:12.420 --> 00:22:13.500
 is that if I have

00:22:13.500 --> 00:22:13.920
 a view

00:22:13.920 --> 00:22:15.120
 on an ethical issue

00:22:15.120 --> 00:22:16.279
 and you have

00:22:16.279 --> 00:22:17.319
 a different view

00:22:17.319 --> 00:22:20.279
 but I force you

00:22:20.279 --> 00:22:21.480
 to have my view

00:22:21.480 --> 00:22:23.819
 isn't that called

00:22:23.819 --> 00:22:24.400
 oppression?

00:22:29.400 --> 00:22:30.680
 And all we've done

00:22:30.680 --> 00:22:31.720
 in our society

00:22:31.720 --> 00:22:32.500
 and I want to put

00:22:32.500 --> 00:22:33.039
 my hand up

00:22:33.039 --> 00:22:33.500
 and I'm going to say

00:22:33.500 --> 00:22:34.240
 this a little bit later

00:22:34.240 --> 00:22:35.140
 the church has done

00:22:35.140 --> 00:22:36.059
 that in the past

00:22:36.059 --> 00:22:37.660
 it's just now

00:22:37.660 --> 00:22:38.980
 becoming a minority

00:22:38.980 --> 00:22:39.620
 voice

00:22:39.620 --> 00:22:40.700
 there's now

00:22:40.700 --> 00:22:41.420
 a majority

00:22:41.420 --> 00:22:42.380
 secular voice

00:22:42.380 --> 00:22:43.220
 doing exactly

00:22:43.220 --> 00:22:44.039
 the same thing.

00:22:44.940 --> 00:22:46.180
 We've just changed

00:22:46.180 --> 00:22:46.960
 from one oppression

00:22:46.960 --> 00:22:48.000
 to another oppression.

00:22:48.000 --> 00:22:52.000
 former professor

00:22:52.000 --> 00:22:52.519
 of law

00:22:52.519 --> 00:22:53.740
 at Yale University

00:22:53.740 --> 00:22:55.460
 Arthur Leff

00:22:55.460 --> 00:22:57.079
 who was best

00:22:57.079 --> 00:22:57.579
 known

00:22:57.579 --> 00:22:59.380
 for a series

00:22:59.380 --> 00:23:00.000
 of articles

00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:00.539
 examining

00:23:00.539 --> 00:23:01.099
 whether there is

00:23:01.099 --> 00:23:01.559
 such a thing

00:23:01.559 --> 00:23:02.460
 of morality

00:23:02.460 --> 00:23:03.099
 at all

00:23:03.099 --> 00:23:04.420
 once said

00:23:04.420 --> 00:23:05.819
 all claims

00:23:05.819 --> 00:23:06.519
 of moral

00:23:06.519 --> 00:23:07.279
 obligation

00:23:07.279 --> 00:23:08.900
 are authority

00:23:08.900 --> 00:23:09.599
 claims.

00:23:09.599 --> 00:23:12.559
 he concluded

00:23:12.559 --> 00:23:13.819
 that in the absence

00:23:13.819 --> 00:23:14.559
 of God

00:23:14.559 --> 00:23:15.480
 there are

00:23:15.480 --> 00:23:16.619
 but two options.

00:23:17.980 --> 00:23:18.919
 The secular world

00:23:18.919 --> 00:23:20.299
 has got two options.

00:23:21.439 --> 00:23:22.259
 You turn

00:23:22.259 --> 00:23:23.240
 every individual

00:23:23.240 --> 00:23:23.759
 person

00:23:23.759 --> 00:23:24.699
 into a little

00:23:24.699 --> 00:23:25.919
 God of themselves

00:23:25.919 --> 00:23:27.819
 able to decide

00:23:27.819 --> 00:23:28.539
 good and evil

00:23:28.539 --> 00:23:29.519
 for themselves

00:23:29.519 --> 00:23:31.159
 but then

00:23:31.159 --> 00:23:33.599
 who evaluates

00:23:33.599 --> 00:23:35.319
 between them

00:23:35.319 --> 00:23:36.259
 when there's

00:23:36.259 --> 00:23:37.279
 a clash

00:23:37.279 --> 00:23:38.139
 between

00:23:38.139 --> 00:23:39.240
 the little

00:23:39.240 --> 00:23:39.619
 God

00:23:39.619 --> 00:23:40.220
 claims.

00:23:41.099 --> 00:23:41.660
 Who does

00:23:41.660 --> 00:23:41.960
 that?

00:23:42.960 --> 00:23:43.700
 How do you

00:23:43.700 --> 00:23:44.240
 decide?

00:23:45.139 --> 00:23:45.700
 How do we

00:23:45.700 --> 00:23:46.000
 do that

00:23:46.000 --> 00:23:46.259
 in our

00:23:46.259 --> 00:23:46.799
 modern day?

00:23:47.599 --> 00:23:48.740
 One yells

00:23:48.740 --> 00:23:49.399
 louder than

00:23:49.399 --> 00:23:49.899
 the other.

00:23:53.180 --> 00:23:53.740
 Alternatively

00:23:53.740 --> 00:23:54.359
 he says

00:23:54.359 --> 00:23:54.879
 you can turn

00:23:54.879 --> 00:23:55.480
 the state

00:23:55.480 --> 00:23:56.200
 into God

00:23:56.200 --> 00:23:57.359
 and let it

00:23:57.359 --> 00:23:57.779
 determine

00:23:57.779 --> 00:23:58.200
 good and

00:23:58.200 --> 00:23:58.539
 evil

00:23:58.539 --> 00:23:59.759
 but then

00:23:59.759 --> 00:24:00.920
 might

00:24:00.920 --> 00:24:02.319
 power

00:24:02.319 --> 00:24:03.359
 becomes

00:24:03.359 --> 00:24:04.000
 right

00:24:04.000 --> 00:24:04.819
 and you

00:24:04.819 --> 00:24:05.319
 end up

00:24:05.319 --> 00:24:06.039
 with sheer

00:24:06.039 --> 00:24:06.839
 naked

00:24:06.839 --> 00:24:07.980
 brutality.

00:24:08.699 --> 00:24:09.139
 He says

00:24:09.139 --> 00:24:09.359
 if you

00:24:09.359 --> 00:24:09.839
 go down

00:24:09.839 --> 00:24:10.439
 that route

00:24:10.439 --> 00:24:10.959
 morality

00:24:10.959 --> 00:24:11.759
 becomes

00:24:11.759 --> 00:24:12.339
 meaningless.

00:24:13.079 --> 00:24:13.559
 If you

00:24:13.559 --> 00:24:14.019
 go down

00:24:14.019 --> 00:24:14.599
 the personal

00:24:14.599 --> 00:24:15.019
 God

00:24:15.019 --> 00:24:15.339
 route

00:24:15.339 --> 00:24:15.859
 morality

00:24:15.859 --> 00:24:16.559
 becomes

00:24:16.559 --> 00:24:17.839
 impossible.

00:24:19.679 --> 00:24:20.279
 What I

00:24:20.279 --> 00:24:20.799
 would add

00:24:20.799 --> 00:24:22.119
 is that

00:24:22.119 --> 00:24:22.559
 if the

00:24:22.559 --> 00:24:23.159
 former

00:24:23.159 --> 00:24:24.279
 ultimately

00:24:24.279 --> 00:24:24.799
 gives

00:24:24.799 --> 00:24:25.439
 the former

00:24:25.439 --> 00:24:25.759
 one

00:24:25.759 --> 00:24:26.559
 of every

00:24:26.559 --> 00:24:27.059
 individual

00:24:27.059 --> 00:24:27.839
 being gods

00:24:27.839 --> 00:24:28.139
 and making

00:24:28.139 --> 00:24:28.559
 their own

00:24:28.559 --> 00:24:29.099
 decisions

00:24:29.099 --> 00:24:30.519
 gives rise

00:24:30.519 --> 00:24:31.220
 to anarchy

00:24:31.220 --> 00:24:31.980
 in society

00:24:31.980 --> 00:24:32.879
 and then

00:24:32.879 --> 00:24:33.519
 you need

00:24:33.519 --> 00:24:33.919
 the latter

00:24:33.919 --> 00:24:34.439
 to solve

00:24:34.439 --> 00:24:34.919
 the anarchy.

00:24:36.839 --> 00:24:37.639
 secularism

00:24:37.639 --> 00:24:46.179
 has a

00:24:46.179 --> 00:24:46.699
 very

00:24:46.699 --> 00:24:47.339
 significant

00:24:47.339 --> 00:24:47.899
 problem

00:24:47.899 --> 00:24:48.599
 between

00:24:48.599 --> 00:24:49.339
 determining

00:24:49.339 --> 00:24:49.839
 what is

00:24:49.839 --> 00:24:50.519
 good and

00:24:50.519 --> 00:24:51.199
 evil for

00:24:51.199 --> 00:24:51.759
 society.

00:24:53.699 --> 00:24:54.539
 It cannot

00:24:54.539 --> 00:24:55.259
 produce

00:24:55.259 --> 00:24:55.879
 moral

00:24:55.879 --> 00:24:56.740
 obligation

00:24:56.740 --> 00:24:58.679
 by itself

00:24:58.679 --> 00:25:00.119
 and so

00:25:00.119 --> 00:25:01.099
 in secular

00:25:01.099 --> 00:25:01.819
 society

00:25:01.819 --> 00:25:02.720
 all we do

00:25:02.720 --> 00:25:03.459
 is yell

00:25:03.460 --> 00:25:03.799
 at one

00:25:03.799 --> 00:25:04.240
 another

00:25:04.240 --> 00:25:05.279
 yell

00:25:05.279 --> 00:25:06.000
 and yell

00:25:06.000 --> 00:25:06.720
 and yell

00:25:06.720 --> 00:25:07.220
 and so

00:25:07.220 --> 00:25:07.900
 the rise

00:25:07.900 --> 00:25:08.400
 of social

00:25:08.400 --> 00:25:08.880
 media

00:25:08.880 --> 00:25:10.059
 angst

00:25:10.059 --> 00:25:12.380
 yelling

00:25:12.380 --> 00:25:12.700
 about

00:25:12.700 --> 00:25:13.000
 who's

00:25:13.000 --> 00:25:13.259
 right

00:25:13.259 --> 00:25:13.620
 and who's

00:25:13.620 --> 00:25:13.880
 wrong.

00:25:16.539 --> 00:25:17.180
 It's

00:25:17.180 --> 00:25:17.600
 interesting

00:25:17.600 --> 00:25:17.900
 that

00:25:17.900 --> 00:25:18.279
 left

00:25:18.279 --> 00:25:19.400
 himself

00:25:19.400 --> 00:25:20.240
 an agnostic

00:25:20.240 --> 00:25:21.299
 and therefore

00:25:21.299 --> 00:25:21.960
 didn't think

00:25:21.960 --> 00:25:22.480
 it was possible

00:25:22.480 --> 00:25:22.840
 to know

00:25:22.840 --> 00:25:23.220
 whether God

00:25:23.220 --> 00:25:23.759
 existed at

00:25:23.759 --> 00:25:24.019
 all

00:25:24.019 --> 00:25:24.880
 ends

00:25:24.880 --> 00:25:25.720
 his essay

00:25:25.720 --> 00:25:26.660
 by

00:25:26.660 --> 00:25:27.180
 pointing

00:25:27.180 --> 00:25:27.620
 out

00:25:27.620 --> 00:25:28.039
 that there's

00:25:28.039 --> 00:25:28.819
 only one

00:25:28.819 --> 00:25:29.500
 solution

00:25:29.500 --> 00:25:32.059
 one solution

00:25:32.059 --> 00:25:34.859
 and that

00:25:34.859 --> 00:25:35.279
 would be

00:25:35.279 --> 00:25:36.220
 that goodness

00:25:36.220 --> 00:25:38.240
 was something

00:25:38.240 --> 00:25:38.680
 bigger

00:25:38.680 --> 00:25:40.079
 than us.

00:25:42.159 --> 00:25:42.899
 This is an

00:25:42.899 --> 00:25:43.359
 agnostic

00:25:43.359 --> 00:25:44.099
 saying this

00:25:44.099 --> 00:25:45.259
 something

00:25:45.259 --> 00:25:46.200
 outside of

00:25:46.200 --> 00:25:46.480
 this

00:25:46.480 --> 00:25:46.899
 something

00:25:46.899 --> 00:25:47.319
 outside

00:25:47.319 --> 00:25:48.019
 of us

00:25:48.019 --> 00:25:51.180
 only then

00:25:51.180 --> 00:25:51.859
 could ethics

00:25:51.859 --> 00:25:52.379
 morality

00:25:52.379 --> 00:25:53.240
 and law

00:25:53.240 --> 00:25:53.759
 work.

00:25:53.759 --> 00:25:55.900
 perhaps

00:25:55.900 --> 00:25:56.140
 this

00:25:56.140 --> 00:25:56.379
 source

00:25:56.379 --> 00:25:56.559
 of

00:25:56.559 --> 00:25:56.980
 goodness

00:25:56.980 --> 00:25:57.700
 could

00:25:57.700 --> 00:25:57.980
 also

00:25:57.980 --> 00:25:58.259
 help

00:25:58.259 --> 00:25:58.400
 with

00:25:58.400 --> 00:25:58.500
 the

00:25:58.500 --> 00:25:58.799
 question

00:25:58.799 --> 00:25:58.980
 of

00:25:58.980 --> 00:25:59.460
 purpose

00:25:59.460 --> 00:26:00.379
 give us

00:26:00.379 --> 00:26:00.940
 a clue

00:26:00.940 --> 00:26:01.839
 that we

00:26:01.839 --> 00:26:02.200
 are not

00:26:02.200 --> 00:26:02.599
 merely

00:26:02.599 --> 00:26:03.460
 cosmic

00:26:03.460 --> 00:26:04.359
 accidents

00:26:04.359 --> 00:26:05.440
 churned up

00:26:05.440 --> 00:26:05.900
 from the

00:26:05.900 --> 00:26:06.319
 genetic

00:26:06.319 --> 00:26:06.920
 cauldron

00:26:06.920 --> 00:26:07.660
 of chaos

00:26:07.660 --> 00:26:09.619
 but instead

00:26:09.619 --> 00:26:10.019
 that we

00:26:10.019 --> 00:26:10.480
 were made

00:26:10.480 --> 00:26:11.319
 for something

00:26:11.319 --> 00:26:12.619
 we were

00:26:12.619 --> 00:26:13.000
 fashioned

00:26:13.000 --> 00:26:13.960
 to be

00:26:13.960 --> 00:26:14.799
 something

00:26:14.799 --> 00:26:17.019
 of course

00:26:17.019 --> 00:26:18.599
 this raises

00:26:18.599 --> 00:26:19.039
 its own

00:26:19.039 --> 00:26:19.500
 problem

00:26:19.500 --> 00:26:21.779
 what are

00:26:21.779 --> 00:26:22.700
 the implications

00:26:22.700 --> 00:26:23.559
 for us

00:26:23.559 --> 00:26:24.539
 if we

00:26:24.539 --> 00:26:25.599
 fall short

00:26:25.599 --> 00:26:26.700
 of the

00:26:26.700 --> 00:26:27.440
 transcendent

00:26:27.440 --> 00:26:27.919
 source of

00:26:27.919 --> 00:26:28.179
 goodness

00:26:28.179 --> 00:26:29.639
 what if

00:26:29.639 --> 00:26:30.339
 we discover

00:26:30.339 --> 00:26:31.579
 that we

00:26:31.579 --> 00:26:31.919
 are not

00:26:31.919 --> 00:26:32.740
 aligned

00:26:32.740 --> 00:26:33.599
 to goodness

00:26:33.599 --> 00:26:34.639
 what if

00:26:34.639 --> 00:26:35.359
 we discover

00:26:35.359 --> 00:26:35.899
 that we're

00:26:35.899 --> 00:26:36.779
 actually not

00:26:36.779 --> 00:26:37.480
 good

00:26:37.480 --> 00:26:38.759
 as people

00:26:38.759 --> 00:26:42.200
 if goodness

00:26:42.200 --> 00:26:42.619
 is not

00:26:42.619 --> 00:26:43.379
 controlled by

00:26:43.379 --> 00:26:43.759
 me

00:26:43.759 --> 00:26:45.039
 if it's not

00:26:45.039 --> 00:26:45.779
 controlled by

00:26:45.779 --> 00:26:46.419
 society

00:26:46.419 --> 00:26:48.480
 it may

00:26:48.480 --> 00:26:49.299
 turn out

00:26:49.299 --> 00:26:50.399
 that this

00:26:50.399 --> 00:26:51.099
 transcendent

00:26:51.099 --> 00:26:51.879
 goodness says

00:26:51.879 --> 00:26:52.619
 that I'm in

00:26:52.619 --> 00:26:53.240
 fact messed

00:26:53.240 --> 00:26:53.700
 up

00:26:53.700 --> 00:26:56.440
 that this

00:26:56.440 --> 00:26:56.900
 world's

00:26:56.900 --> 00:26:57.500
 messed up

00:26:57.500 --> 00:26:59.120
 everyone's

00:26:59.120 --> 00:26:59.819
 messed up

00:26:59.819 --> 00:27:04.140
 because the

00:27:04.140 --> 00:27:04.599
 whole point

00:27:04.599 --> 00:27:05.019
 of a moral

00:27:05.019 --> 00:27:05.720
 standard is

00:27:05.720 --> 00:27:06.220
 that we all

00:27:06.220 --> 00:27:07.420
 would measure

00:27:07.420 --> 00:27:09.279
 up and

00:27:09.279 --> 00:27:09.740
 what if we

00:27:09.740 --> 00:27:10.120
 don't

00:27:10.120 --> 00:27:15.759
 this is what

00:27:15.759 --> 00:27:16.220
 makes the

00:27:16.220 --> 00:27:17.120
 issue of what

00:27:17.120 --> 00:27:17.500
 I'm talking

00:27:17.500 --> 00:27:17.960
 about this

00:27:17.960 --> 00:27:18.539
 morning the

00:27:18.539 --> 00:27:18.799
 issue of

00:27:18.799 --> 00:27:19.279
 morality

00:27:19.279 --> 00:27:20.099
 reality not

00:27:20.099 --> 00:27:20.940
 simply a

00:27:20.940 --> 00:27:21.480
 philosophical

00:27:21.480 --> 00:27:22.259
 discussion

00:27:22.259 --> 00:27:23.839
 but a

00:27:23.839 --> 00:27:24.079
 highly

00:27:24.079 --> 00:27:24.579
 personal

00:27:24.579 --> 00:27:24.920
 one

00:27:24.920 --> 00:27:27.899
 so what

00:27:27.899 --> 00:27:28.519
 if we

00:27:28.519 --> 00:27:29.019
 were made

00:27:29.019 --> 00:27:29.859
 for something

00:27:29.859 --> 00:27:31.399
 what if we

00:27:31.399 --> 00:27:31.879
 were fashioned

00:27:31.879 --> 00:27:32.319
 to be

00:27:32.319 --> 00:27:32.819
 something

00:27:32.819 --> 00:27:34.700
 and even

00:27:34.700 --> 00:27:35.240
 as

00:27:35.240 --> 00:27:35.700
 Christianity

00:27:35.700 --> 00:27:36.220
 declares

00:27:36.220 --> 00:27:37.740
 intended

00:27:37.740 --> 00:27:39.119
 to know

00:27:39.119 --> 00:27:40.079
 someone

00:27:40.079 --> 00:27:42.419
 that's

00:27:42.419 --> 00:27:42.559
 the

00:27:42.559 --> 00:27:42.899
 unique

00:27:42.899 --> 00:27:43.500
 contribution

00:27:43.500 --> 00:27:43.720
 of

00:27:43.720 --> 00:27:44.240
 Christianity

00:27:44.240 --> 00:27:45.399
 to this

00:27:45.399 --> 00:27:45.639
 whole

00:27:45.639 --> 00:27:46.179
 discussion

00:27:46.179 --> 00:27:47.519
 or if

00:27:47.519 --> 00:27:47.859
 you like

00:27:47.859 --> 00:27:48.319
 the unique

00:27:48.319 --> 00:27:49.039
 contribution

00:27:49.039 --> 00:27:49.960
 of the

00:27:49.960 --> 00:27:50.439
 goodness

00:27:50.439 --> 00:27:51.740
 of Jesus

00:27:51.740 --> 00:27:52.399
 Christ

00:27:52.399 --> 00:27:54.279
 Christianity

00:27:54.279 --> 00:27:55.119
 stands

00:27:55.119 --> 00:27:55.960
 with all

00:27:55.960 --> 00:27:56.399
 the other

00:27:56.399 --> 00:27:56.839
 great

00:27:56.839 --> 00:27:57.500
 religions

00:27:57.500 --> 00:27:58.299
 in declaring

00:27:58.299 --> 00:27:58.720
 that there

00:27:58.720 --> 00:27:59.220
 are moral

00:27:59.220 --> 00:28:00.079
 absolutes

00:28:00.079 --> 00:28:00.779
 that are

00:28:00.779 --> 00:28:01.599
 outside of

00:28:01.599 --> 00:28:01.960
 us

00:28:01.960 --> 00:28:02.559
 that are

00:28:02.559 --> 00:28:03.199
 the basis

00:28:03.199 --> 00:28:03.799
 of our

00:28:03.799 --> 00:28:04.139
 moral

00:28:04.139 --> 00:28:04.679
 feelings

00:28:04.680 --> 00:28:05.940
 and our

00:28:05.940 --> 00:28:06.400
 moral

00:28:06.400 --> 00:28:07.279
 obligation

00:28:07.279 --> 00:28:08.560
 they're the

00:28:08.560 --> 00:28:09.100
 basis of

00:28:09.100 --> 00:28:09.920
 moral feelings

00:28:09.920 --> 00:28:11.100
 and moral

00:28:11.100 --> 00:28:11.860
 obligation

00:28:11.860 --> 00:28:14.080
 and also

00:28:14.080 --> 00:28:16.160
 behind our

00:28:16.160 --> 00:28:17.039
 moral motivation

00:28:17.039 --> 00:28:21.380
 having said

00:28:21.380 --> 00:28:21.759
 that

00:28:21.759 --> 00:28:24.980
 what we see

00:28:24.980 --> 00:28:25.279
 in our

00:28:25.279 --> 00:28:26.259
 society right

00:28:26.259 --> 00:28:27.400
 now in

00:28:27.400 --> 00:28:28.060
 this country

00:28:28.060 --> 00:28:28.720
 and many

00:28:28.720 --> 00:28:29.259
 places in

00:28:29.259 --> 00:28:29.600
 the western

00:28:29.600 --> 00:28:31.039
 world is

00:28:31.039 --> 00:28:32.080
 people shedding

00:28:32.080 --> 00:28:34.320
 religion and

00:28:34.319 --> 00:28:34.879
 particularly in

00:28:34.879 --> 00:28:35.059
 the western

00:28:35.059 --> 00:28:35.819
 world shedding

00:28:35.819 --> 00:28:36.679
 Christianity

00:28:36.679 --> 00:28:38.000
 because they

00:28:38.000 --> 00:28:38.740
 see a

00:28:38.740 --> 00:28:40.179
 self-righteousness

00:28:40.179 --> 00:28:40.720
 in that

00:28:40.720 --> 00:28:41.259
 Christianity

00:28:41.259 --> 00:28:42.839
 they see a

00:28:42.839 --> 00:28:43.399
 legalism

00:28:43.399 --> 00:28:44.539
 they see a

00:28:44.539 --> 00:28:44.939
 cruelty

00:28:44.939 --> 00:28:46.200
 they see a

00:28:46.200 --> 00:28:46.919
 hypocrisy

00:28:46.919 --> 00:28:48.460
 they see a

00:28:48.460 --> 00:28:49.299
 history of

00:28:49.299 --> 00:28:49.899
 oppression

00:28:49.899 --> 00:28:52.460
 throughout history

00:28:52.460 --> 00:28:53.480
 religion and the

00:28:53.480 --> 00:28:54.319
 Christian church

00:28:54.319 --> 00:28:55.559
 has in my

00:28:55.559 --> 00:28:56.339
 view got blood

00:28:56.339 --> 00:28:57.139
 on its hands

00:28:57.139 --> 00:28:58.439
 for abuse of

00:28:58.439 --> 00:28:59.059
 power on

00:28:59.059 --> 00:29:00.319
 moral absolutes

00:29:00.319 --> 00:29:03.919
 religious

00:29:03.919 --> 00:29:05.000
 institutions

00:29:05.000 --> 00:29:07.119
 have in

00:29:07.119 --> 00:29:07.779
 the past

00:29:07.779 --> 00:29:08.220
 when they

00:29:08.220 --> 00:29:08.639
 had the

00:29:08.639 --> 00:29:09.059
 power

00:29:09.059 --> 00:29:09.960
 yelled

00:29:09.960 --> 00:29:10.939
 the most

00:29:10.939 --> 00:29:16.720
 many have

00:29:16.720 --> 00:29:17.339
 abandoned

00:29:17.339 --> 00:29:18.259
 that therefore

00:29:18.259 --> 00:29:18.839
 abandoned the

00:29:18.839 --> 00:29:19.639
 Christian faith

00:29:19.639 --> 00:29:20.799
 and moved

00:29:20.799 --> 00:29:22.200
 towards secularism

00:29:22.200 --> 00:29:23.279
 as a reaction

00:29:23.279 --> 00:29:24.519
 to what they've

00:29:24.519 --> 00:29:25.679
 seen in the

00:29:25.679 --> 00:29:26.879
 hypocrisy of the

00:29:26.879 --> 00:29:27.399
 church in the

00:29:27.399 --> 00:29:27.839
 past

00:29:27.839 --> 00:29:31.779
 what I've

00:29:31.779 --> 00:29:32.220
 tried to do

00:29:32.220 --> 00:29:32.740
 this morning

00:29:32.740 --> 00:29:33.559
 is show that

00:29:33.559 --> 00:29:34.079
 if that has

00:29:34.079 --> 00:29:34.519
 been your

00:29:34.519 --> 00:29:35.039
 move

00:29:35.039 --> 00:29:36.939
 that doesn't

00:29:36.939 --> 00:29:37.379
 solve your

00:29:37.379 --> 00:29:37.839
 problem

00:29:37.839 --> 00:29:40.000
 secularism does

00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:40.699
 not solve your

00:29:40.699 --> 00:29:41.559
 problem so what

00:29:41.559 --> 00:29:42.539
 is the solution

00:29:42.539 --> 00:29:46.480
 hopefully you

00:29:46.480 --> 00:29:47.099
 remember this

00:29:47.099 --> 00:29:49.599
 a little while

00:29:49.599 --> 00:29:50.519
 ago I talked

00:29:50.519 --> 00:29:51.019
 about the

00:29:51.019 --> 00:29:51.419
 Greeks

00:29:51.419 --> 00:29:52.480
 and they

00:29:52.480 --> 00:29:53.139
 believed

00:29:53.140 --> 00:29:54.460
 the

00:29:54.460 --> 00:29:54.820
 logos

00:29:54.820 --> 00:29:56.140
 was the

00:29:56.140 --> 00:29:57.100
 cosmic order

00:29:57.100 --> 00:29:57.640
 behind the

00:29:57.640 --> 00:29:58.560
 universe and

00:29:58.560 --> 00:29:59.000
 gave it

00:29:59.000 --> 00:30:00.340
 its purpose

00:30:00.340 --> 00:30:02.780
 if you're

00:30:02.780 --> 00:30:03.259
 connected to

00:30:03.259 --> 00:30:03.780
 the logos

00:30:03.780 --> 00:30:05.900
 and lived

00:30:05.900 --> 00:30:06.460
 by the

00:30:06.460 --> 00:30:06.780
 logos

00:30:06.780 --> 00:30:08.100
 then you

00:30:08.100 --> 00:30:08.400
 would be

00:30:08.400 --> 00:30:09.040
 living a

00:30:09.040 --> 00:30:09.940
 wise and

00:30:09.940 --> 00:30:10.980
 virtuous life

00:30:10.980 --> 00:30:12.780
 that is in

00:30:12.780 --> 00:30:13.600
 obedience in

00:30:13.600 --> 00:30:14.180
 following the

00:30:14.180 --> 00:30:16.040
 logos is the

00:30:16.040 --> 00:30:16.940
 way of

00:30:16.940 --> 00:30:18.440
 a virtuous and

00:30:18.440 --> 00:30:19.080
 wise life in

00:30:19.080 --> 00:30:19.560
 this world

00:30:19.560 --> 00:30:21.360
 at the beginning

00:30:21.360 --> 00:30:22.100
 of the bible

00:30:22.100 --> 00:30:23.020
 passage that was

00:30:23.019 --> 00:30:23.559
 read out to

00:30:23.559 --> 00:30:23.879
 us by

00:30:23.879 --> 00:30:24.500
 noeline

00:30:24.500 --> 00:30:25.859
 john chapter

00:30:25.859 --> 00:30:26.579
 one we read

00:30:26.579 --> 00:30:27.059
 this in the

00:30:27.059 --> 00:30:28.079
 beginning was

00:30:28.079 --> 00:30:29.039
 the word and

00:30:29.039 --> 00:30:29.500
 the word was

00:30:29.500 --> 00:30:30.799
 with god and

00:30:30.799 --> 00:30:31.619
 the word was

00:30:31.619 --> 00:30:32.940
 god he was

00:30:32.940 --> 00:30:33.700
 with god in

00:30:33.700 --> 00:30:34.160
 the beginning

00:30:34.160 --> 00:30:34.839
 and through him

00:30:34.839 --> 00:30:35.759
 all things were

00:30:35.759 --> 00:30:36.379
 made without

00:30:36.379 --> 00:30:37.740
 him nothing was

00:30:37.740 --> 00:30:38.500
 made that has

00:30:38.500 --> 00:30:39.400
 been made in

00:30:39.400 --> 00:30:40.639
 him that is the

00:30:40.639 --> 00:30:42.500
 word was life

00:30:42.500 --> 00:30:44.119
 and that life was

00:30:44.119 --> 00:30:45.480
 the light of all

00:30:45.480 --> 00:30:46.160
 of mankind

00:30:46.160 --> 00:30:47.500
 and then down

00:30:47.500 --> 00:30:48.539
 into verse 14

00:30:48.539 --> 00:30:50.500
 this word became

00:30:50.500 --> 00:30:51.980
 flesh and made

00:30:51.980 --> 00:30:52.460
 his dwelling

00:30:52.460 --> 00:30:53.220
 amongst us

00:30:53.220 --> 00:30:54.640
 this word who

00:30:54.640 --> 00:30:55.519
 was god came

00:30:55.519 --> 00:30:56.620
 and lived

00:30:56.620 --> 00:30:57.299
 amongst us

00:30:57.299 --> 00:30:57.680
 and we have

00:30:57.680 --> 00:30:58.319
 seen his

00:30:58.319 --> 00:30:59.519
 glory the

00:30:59.519 --> 00:31:00.400
 glory of the

00:31:00.400 --> 00:31:01.200
 one and only

00:31:01.200 --> 00:31:02.819
 son who came

00:31:02.819 --> 00:31:03.440
 from the father

00:31:03.440 --> 00:31:04.599
 full of grace

00:31:04.599 --> 00:31:05.920
 and truth

00:31:05.920 --> 00:31:09.200
 that word there

00:31:09.200 --> 00:31:10.160
 is referring to

00:31:10.160 --> 00:31:10.559
 as you go

00:31:10.559 --> 00:31:11.200
 through john's

00:31:11.200 --> 00:31:11.660
 gospel you

00:31:11.660 --> 00:31:12.740
 realize in

00:31:12.740 --> 00:31:13.500
 verse 17 it

00:31:13.500 --> 00:31:13.880
 makes it very

00:31:13.880 --> 00:31:15.140
 clear the word

00:31:15.140 --> 00:31:16.579
 is jesus christ

00:31:16.579 --> 00:31:21.819
 why is he

00:31:21.819 --> 00:31:22.399
 calling him the

00:31:22.399 --> 00:31:24.699
 word john's

00:31:24.699 --> 00:31:25.599
 writing this to

00:31:25.599 --> 00:31:28.000
 greeks why is he

00:31:28.000 --> 00:31:29.059
 referring to jesus

00:31:29.059 --> 00:31:29.859
 what a weird thing

00:31:29.859 --> 00:31:30.599
 why call him the

00:31:30.599 --> 00:31:32.899
 word because in

00:31:32.899 --> 00:31:33.379
 the original

00:31:33.379 --> 00:31:35.579
 language the word

00:31:35.579 --> 00:31:36.859
 word is

00:31:36.859 --> 00:31:37.579
 logos

00:31:37.579 --> 00:31:42.139
 john in writing

00:31:42.139 --> 00:31:43.179
 this is using a

00:31:43.179 --> 00:31:44.619
 technical greek

00:31:44.619 --> 00:31:46.000
 philosophical term

00:31:46.000 --> 00:31:47.759
 to say that

00:31:47.759 --> 00:31:48.379
 there are moral

00:31:48.379 --> 00:31:49.099
 absolutes

00:31:49.099 --> 00:31:50.319
 there is a

00:31:50.319 --> 00:31:50.839
 purpose

00:31:50.839 --> 00:31:52.519
 it's not an

00:31:52.519 --> 00:31:53.720
 abstract set of

00:31:53.720 --> 00:31:55.159
 standards but the

00:31:55.159 --> 00:31:55.980
 logos of the

00:31:55.980 --> 00:31:58.159
 world the purpose

00:31:58.159 --> 00:31:58.960
 of the world

00:31:58.960 --> 00:32:00.659
 the standard of

00:32:00.659 --> 00:32:01.319
 the world

00:32:01.319 --> 00:32:03.539
 is not a book

00:32:03.539 --> 00:32:05.759
 it's not a set of

00:32:05.759 --> 00:32:06.319
 laws

00:32:06.319 --> 00:32:08.299
 it's a person

00:32:08.299 --> 00:32:11.139
 jesus christ

00:32:11.139 --> 00:32:14.259
 there is a

00:32:14.259 --> 00:32:15.460
 rational design

00:32:15.460 --> 00:32:16.319
 and order behind

00:32:16.319 --> 00:32:16.879
 the universe

00:32:16.879 --> 00:32:18.339
 it's not a code

00:32:18.339 --> 00:32:19.439
 it's a person

00:32:19.439 --> 00:32:21.939
 it's jesus christ

00:32:21.939 --> 00:32:26.720
 i find it

00:32:26.720 --> 00:32:27.339
 remarkable

00:32:27.339 --> 00:32:30.779
 quite telling in

00:32:30.779 --> 00:32:31.099
 fact

00:32:31.099 --> 00:32:32.639
 that when

00:32:32.639 --> 00:32:33.740
 a secular

00:32:33.740 --> 00:32:34.259
 person

00:32:34.259 --> 00:32:35.299
 is engaging

00:32:35.299 --> 00:32:35.639
 with the

00:32:35.640 --> 00:32:36.380
 christian faith

00:32:36.380 --> 00:32:37.080
 they pick out

00:32:37.080 --> 00:32:38.200
 obscure passages

00:32:38.200 --> 00:32:38.759
 from the old

00:32:38.759 --> 00:32:39.180
 testament

00:32:39.180 --> 00:32:40.340
 and talk about

00:32:40.340 --> 00:32:41.320
 the implausibility

00:32:41.320 --> 00:32:41.780
 of those

00:32:41.780 --> 00:32:42.700
 passages

00:32:42.700 --> 00:32:43.340
 as if it's

00:32:43.340 --> 00:32:43.780
 some sort of

00:32:43.780 --> 00:32:44.520
 code to be

00:32:44.520 --> 00:32:45.100
 obeyed

00:32:45.100 --> 00:32:47.460
 and they don't

00:32:47.460 --> 00:32:47.960
 look at the

00:32:47.960 --> 00:32:48.660
 person of jesus

00:32:48.660 --> 00:32:49.540
 christ and pull

00:32:49.540 --> 00:32:50.480
 apart him

00:32:50.480 --> 00:32:53.240
 they don't pull

00:32:53.240 --> 00:32:53.660
 apart his

00:32:53.660 --> 00:32:54.120
 character

00:32:54.120 --> 00:32:59.440
 what we discover

00:32:59.440 --> 00:33:00.140
 about the logos

00:33:00.140 --> 00:33:01.140
 in john's gospel

00:33:01.140 --> 00:33:01.700
 is that the

00:33:01.700 --> 00:33:02.420
 deepest moral

00:33:02.420 --> 00:33:03.220
 obligation

00:33:03.220 --> 00:33:04.380
 of every

00:33:04.380 --> 00:33:05.240
 human being

00:33:05.240 --> 00:33:05.980
 the

00:33:05.980 --> 00:33:06.480
 ought

00:33:06.480 --> 00:33:07.160
 of every

00:33:07.160 --> 00:33:07.920
 human being

00:33:07.920 --> 00:33:09.180
 is to

00:33:09.180 --> 00:33:10.059
 know him

00:33:10.059 --> 00:33:11.319
 having

00:33:11.319 --> 00:33:12.100
 been asked

00:33:12.100 --> 00:33:12.500
 in john

00:33:12.500 --> 00:33:13.000
 six

00:33:13.000 --> 00:33:14.019
 what was it

00:33:14.019 --> 00:33:14.480
 that god

00:33:14.480 --> 00:33:15.299
 required of

00:33:15.299 --> 00:33:15.740
 people

00:33:15.740 --> 00:33:17.079
 jesus responds

00:33:17.079 --> 00:33:17.720
 the work of

00:33:17.720 --> 00:33:18.500
 god is this

00:33:18.500 --> 00:33:19.660
 to believe

00:33:19.660 --> 00:33:20.759
 in the one

00:33:20.759 --> 00:33:21.880
 he has sent

00:33:21.880 --> 00:33:24.279
 that's the

00:33:24.279 --> 00:33:24.860
 deepest moral

00:33:24.860 --> 00:33:25.579
 obligation of

00:33:25.579 --> 00:33:26.059
 every human

00:33:26.059 --> 00:33:26.480
 being

00:33:26.480 --> 00:33:27.660
 to acknowledge

00:33:27.660 --> 00:33:28.420
 the son

00:33:28.420 --> 00:33:30.620
 jesus christ

00:33:30.620 --> 00:33:31.740
 knowing him

00:33:31.740 --> 00:33:32.460
 through knowing

00:33:32.460 --> 00:33:33.100
 him through a

00:33:33.100 --> 00:33:33.700
 personal love

00:33:33.700 --> 00:33:34.279
 relation with

00:33:34.279 --> 00:33:35.279
 him we come

00:33:35.279 --> 00:33:35.900
 to the heart

00:33:35.900 --> 00:33:36.700
 of the universe

00:33:36.700 --> 00:33:38.500
 christians believe

00:33:38.500 --> 00:33:40.320
 that we are not

00:33:40.320 --> 00:33:42.519
 good or saved

00:33:42.519 --> 00:33:43.800
 by living up to

00:33:43.800 --> 00:33:44.700
 some abstract

00:33:44.700 --> 00:33:45.660
 moral code

00:33:45.660 --> 00:33:47.100
 moral standards

00:33:47.100 --> 00:33:48.240
 we are saved

00:33:48.240 --> 00:33:49.460
 by jesus christ

00:33:49.460 --> 00:33:49.980
 the logos

00:33:49.980 --> 00:33:52.080
 coming into

00:33:52.080 --> 00:33:52.960
 his creation

00:33:52.960 --> 00:33:54.600
 to die on a

00:33:54.600 --> 00:33:55.400
 cross for

00:33:55.400 --> 00:33:56.640
 for us

00:33:56.640 --> 00:33:57.800
 not living

00:33:57.800 --> 00:33:58.440
 up to

00:33:58.440 --> 00:33:59.759
 our deepest

00:33:59.759 --> 00:34:00.500
 deepest

00:34:00.500 --> 00:34:01.820
 moral obligation

00:34:01.820 --> 00:34:02.540
 as people

00:34:02.540 --> 00:34:03.900
 and that is

00:34:03.900 --> 00:34:04.780
 knowing and

00:34:04.780 --> 00:34:05.460
 loving and

00:34:05.460 --> 00:34:06.320
 worshipping the

00:34:06.320 --> 00:34:07.180
 creator god

00:34:07.180 --> 00:34:10.039
 christian declares

00:34:10.039 --> 00:34:10.920
 that god has

00:34:10.920 --> 00:34:11.800
 set the

00:34:11.800 --> 00:34:12.579
 perfect moral

00:34:12.579 --> 00:34:13.099
 standard

00:34:13.099 --> 00:34:14.780
 and jesus christ

00:34:14.780 --> 00:34:15.820
 god himself

00:34:15.820 --> 00:34:16.720
 has come into

00:34:16.720 --> 00:34:17.400
 this world

00:34:17.400 --> 00:34:18.300
 in order

00:34:18.300 --> 00:34:19.400
 to achieve

00:34:19.400 --> 00:34:20.260
 it for us

00:34:20.260 --> 00:34:21.940
 he lived

00:34:21.940 --> 00:34:22.400
 the perfect

00:34:22.400 --> 00:34:23.320
 life for

00:34:23.320 --> 00:34:23.800
 us

00:34:23.800 --> 00:34:25.500
 and he

00:34:25.500 --> 00:34:26.000
 died

00:34:26.000 --> 00:34:26.880
 the perfect

00:34:26.880 --> 00:34:27.320
 death

00:34:27.320 --> 00:34:28.680
 for us

00:34:28.680 --> 00:34:31.240
 a christian

00:34:31.240 --> 00:34:31.660
 is someone

00:34:31.660 --> 00:34:32.280
 who trusts

00:34:32.280 --> 00:34:32.880
 in the goodness

00:34:32.880 --> 00:34:34.140
 and the grace

00:34:34.140 --> 00:34:35.280
 of jesus christ

00:34:35.280 --> 00:34:36.880
 and so

00:34:36.880 --> 00:34:37.440
 brothers and

00:34:37.440 --> 00:34:37.800
 sisters

00:34:37.800 --> 00:34:38.840
 if you're a

00:34:38.840 --> 00:34:39.280
 christian here

00:34:39.280 --> 00:34:39.760
 at the moment

00:34:39.760 --> 00:34:40.660
 to the degree

00:34:40.660 --> 00:34:43.000
 that you

00:34:43.000 --> 00:34:43.760
 really

00:34:43.760 --> 00:34:44.480
 really

00:34:44.480 --> 00:34:45.500
 understand

00:34:45.500 --> 00:34:46.360
 the very

00:34:46.360 --> 00:34:47.220
 heart of

00:34:47.220 --> 00:34:47.880
 the faith

00:34:47.880 --> 00:34:48.980
 is that

00:34:48.980 --> 00:34:49.980
 jesus christ

00:34:49.980 --> 00:34:50.480
 is the

00:34:50.480 --> 00:34:50.760
 logos

00:34:50.760 --> 00:34:52.080
 who came

00:34:52.080 --> 00:34:52.960
 into this

00:34:52.960 --> 00:34:53.519
 world

00:34:53.519 --> 00:34:54.360
 onto this

00:34:54.360 --> 00:34:54.780
 earth

00:34:54.780 --> 00:34:55.840
 he died

00:34:55.840 --> 00:34:56.360
 for you

00:34:56.360 --> 00:34:57.059
 to cover

00:34:57.059 --> 00:34:58.079
 over all

00:34:58.079 --> 00:34:58.579
 of your

00:34:58.579 --> 00:34:59.239
 wrongdoing

00:34:59.239 --> 00:35:00.179
 all of your

00:35:00.179 --> 00:35:01.099
 moral failure

00:35:01.099 --> 00:35:03.139
 so that you

00:35:03.139 --> 00:35:04.340
 live by grace

00:35:04.340 --> 00:35:05.099
 and love

00:35:05.099 --> 00:35:06.300
 is to the

00:35:06.300 --> 00:35:06.860
 degree

00:35:06.860 --> 00:35:07.759
 that you

00:35:07.759 --> 00:35:08.780
 as a christian

00:35:08.780 --> 00:35:10.019
 will in fact

00:35:10.019 --> 00:35:11.539
 live by grace

00:35:11.539 --> 00:35:12.300
 and love

00:35:12.300 --> 00:35:13.579
 in this world

00:35:13.579 --> 00:35:15.519
 the goodness

00:35:15.519 --> 00:35:16.280
 of jesus

00:35:16.280 --> 00:35:17.019
 what it does

00:35:17.019 --> 00:35:17.380
 more than

00:35:17.380 --> 00:35:18.300
 anything else

00:35:18.300 --> 00:35:19.719
 it does not

00:35:19.719 --> 00:35:20.380
 turn you into

00:35:20.380 --> 00:35:20.840
 an oppression

00:35:20.840 --> 00:35:21.160
 we're going

00:35:21.160 --> 00:35:21.500
 to see

00:35:21.500 --> 00:35:22.300
 this a

00:35:22.300 --> 00:35:22.600
 little bit

00:35:22.600 --> 00:35:23.059
 later on

00:35:23.059 --> 00:35:23.320
 in this

00:35:23.320 --> 00:35:23.660
 series

00:35:23.660 --> 00:35:24.400
 the goodness

00:35:24.400 --> 00:35:25.160
 of jesus

00:35:25.160 --> 00:35:26.039
 humbles

00:35:26.039 --> 00:35:26.380
 you

00:35:26.380 --> 00:35:27.460
 it does

00:35:27.460 --> 00:35:28.019
 not say

00:35:28.019 --> 00:35:28.440
 that you

00:35:28.440 --> 00:35:29.039
 are good

00:35:29.039 --> 00:35:29.519
 it says

00:35:29.519 --> 00:35:30.079
 that he

00:35:30.079 --> 00:35:30.620
 is good

00:35:30.620 --> 00:35:32.600
 it humbles

00:35:32.600 --> 00:35:33.039
 you in

00:35:33.039 --> 00:35:33.860
 such a way

00:35:33.860 --> 00:35:34.820
 that as

00:35:34.820 --> 00:35:35.700
 you pursue

00:35:35.700 --> 00:35:36.519
 the moral

00:35:36.519 --> 00:35:38.300
 absolutes

00:35:38.300 --> 00:35:39.200
 of this

00:35:39.200 --> 00:35:39.600
 bible

00:35:39.600 --> 00:35:41.880
 it turns

00:35:41.880 --> 00:35:42.360
 you

00:35:42.360 --> 00:35:44.260
 it doesn't

00:35:44.260 --> 00:35:44.640
 turn you

00:35:44.640 --> 00:35:45.059
 into some

00:35:45.059 --> 00:35:46.160
 self-righteous

00:35:46.160 --> 00:35:46.940
 legalist

00:35:46.940 --> 00:35:47.900
 who waves

00:35:47.900 --> 00:35:48.480
 their finger

00:35:48.480 --> 00:35:48.780
 at the

00:35:48.780 --> 00:35:49.119
 rest of

00:35:49.119 --> 00:35:49.679
 the world

00:35:49.679 --> 00:35:52.820
 it doesn't

00:35:52.820 --> 00:35:53.199
 make you

00:35:53.199 --> 00:35:54.019
 an oppressor

00:35:54.019 --> 00:35:54.579
 of others

00:35:54.579 --> 00:35:58.179
 as you

00:35:58.179 --> 00:35:58.740
 embrace the

00:35:58.740 --> 00:35:59.199
 goodness of

00:35:59.199 --> 00:35:59.639
 jesus

00:35:59.639 --> 00:36:01.320
 it turns

00:36:01.320 --> 00:36:01.900
 you into

00:36:01.900 --> 00:36:02.519
 a person

00:36:02.519 --> 00:36:03.539
 of goodness

00:36:03.539 --> 00:36:04.639
 that's the

00:36:04.639 --> 00:36:05.000
 unique

00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:05.639
 contribution

00:36:05.639 --> 00:36:06.619
 of the

00:36:06.619 --> 00:36:06.960
 christian

00:36:06.960 --> 00:36:07.420
 faith

00:36:07.420 --> 00:36:07.860
 in our

00:36:07.860 --> 00:36:08.260
 society

00:36:08.260 --> 00:36:08.980
 right now

00:36:08.980 --> 00:36:09.780
 and we

00:36:09.780 --> 00:36:10.219
 need it

00:36:10.980 --> 00:36:18.599
 to

00:36:18.599 --> 00:36:19.139
 listen

00:36:19.139 --> 00:36:21.939
 so

00:36:21.939 --> 00:36:24.079
 um

00:36:24.319 --> 00:36:30.199
 well

00:36:32.199 --> 00:36:33.459
 well

00:36:33.459 --> 00:36:35.399
 well

00:36:36.339 --> 00:36:38.259
 well