WEBVTT

00:00:00.040 --> 00:00:15.560
 So this is one of those passages that terrify pastors and make them wish they weren't in the Bible so that they don't have to preach it and then make all their congregation flee the church.

00:00:17.080 --> 00:00:24.719
 But that's the benefit of doing expository preaching where we just go through a book is that it forces us to submit to God's Word and not the other way around.

00:00:24.719 --> 00:00:29.479
 And we have to preach because it's God's Word and it teaches us.

00:00:32.039 --> 00:00:36.439
 And let me start by telling you about Carol Gilligan.

00:00:36.820 --> 00:00:42.280
 She is a psychologist and ethicist and she was a pioneer in the feminist movement.

00:00:42.840 --> 00:00:48.039
 She teaches full-time at New York University now and part-time at University of Cambridge, a busy woman.

00:00:48.039 --> 00:00:53.640
 But for 35 years, she was a professor at our very own Harvard University.

00:00:54.339 --> 00:00:56.899
 Many of you studied there or have studied there.

00:00:57.560 --> 00:01:04.719
 And while teaching there, she wrote a groundbreaking book called In a Different Voice, Psychological Theory in Women's Development.

00:01:05.840 --> 00:01:14.759
 Unlike her strident feminist contemporaries who argued that gender differences are superficial and that they are social constructs that need to be erased,

00:01:14.760 --> 00:01:19.000
 Gilligan pressionally argued that gender differences are irreducible.

00:01:19.960 --> 00:01:28.600
 And she criticized Lauren Kohlberg, her colleague at Harvard, who argued that women do not reach the highest levels of moral reasoning as men do.

00:01:29.340 --> 00:01:38.880
 And she disputed his claim and pointed out the fact that he reached his conclusion only because he was favoring the exact kind of moral reasoning that privileged males.

00:01:38.879 --> 00:01:46.239
 For example, he focused on men's moral reasoning centers around abstract principles of rights and rules.

00:01:46.699 --> 00:01:52.519
 But women's moral reasoning generally centers around contextual responsibilities and relationships.

00:01:53.679 --> 00:02:00.019
 Gilligan also argued that while men associate maturity with independence, which has an initiatory outward orientation,

00:02:00.519 --> 00:02:05.419
 that women associate maturity with interdependence, which has a receptive inward orientation.

00:02:05.420 --> 00:02:10.719
 So some people called Gilligan's brand of feminism the difference feminism,

00:02:11.219 --> 00:02:16.780
 which calls for the equal recognition of women in their distinctively feminine attributes.

00:02:17.640 --> 00:02:21.900
 Though many feminists today still try to minimize gender distinction,

00:02:22.599 --> 00:02:25.780
 it's Gilligan's voice that has proven to be more oppression and enduring.

00:02:26.740 --> 00:02:28.360
 And there is a reason for this.

00:02:28.360 --> 00:02:32.340
 There's a reason why, despite loud protests to the contrary,

00:02:32.340 --> 00:02:35.580
 most people intuitively believe that men and women are very different.

00:02:36.500 --> 00:02:41.140
 There's a reason why men and women find each other utterly incomprehensible,

00:02:41.780 --> 00:02:43.539
 yet strangely irresistible.

00:02:44.719 --> 00:02:50.759
 And that's because God created one and the same humanity, but with two different genders.

00:02:51.319 --> 00:02:54.920
 That's because God created men and women to be equal in dignity,

00:02:55.080 --> 00:02:57.640
 but different and distinct in their duties.

00:02:58.340 --> 00:03:01.140
 Men and women are so alike, yet so different,

00:03:01.139 --> 00:03:05.879
 because they are intended to reflect the diversity and unity within the triune God himself.

00:03:06.799 --> 00:03:09.339
 God designed men and women, to put it shortly,

00:03:09.500 --> 00:03:13.039
 to complement each other, to complete each other.

00:03:14.919 --> 00:03:17.779
 1 Corinthians 11, 2-16 speaks of this reality,

00:03:17.859 --> 00:03:19.539
 and it teaches us this, this is the main point,

00:03:19.539 --> 00:03:26.339
 that Christians ought to worship in a way that displays the complementarian relationship between men and women.

00:03:27.299 --> 00:03:30.479
 And Paul proves this by appealing to three different things.

00:03:30.479 --> 00:03:33.219
 First, he appeals to culture in verses 2-6.

00:03:33.560 --> 00:03:36.699
 Second, he appeals to creation in verses 7-12.

00:03:37.039 --> 00:03:41.560
 And third, he appeals to consciousness in verses 13-16.

00:03:42.500 --> 00:03:48.019
 In verses 2-6, Paul first argues on the basis of culture that Christians ought to worship

00:03:48.019 --> 00:03:51.459
 in a manner that honors the complementarian relationship between men and women.

00:03:51.460 --> 00:03:56.800
 Having just concluded his previous passage by telling the Corinthians to imitate him,

00:03:57.020 --> 00:03:58.980
 to be imitators of me as I am of Christ,

00:03:59.379 --> 00:04:06.180
 and knowing that he is about to launch into another series of corrections in chapters 11-14 of the Corinthians' misbehavior,

00:04:06.800 --> 00:04:11.580
 he kind of encourages them and stops to win their goodwill here in verse 2.

00:04:11.659 --> 00:04:11.980
 He says,

00:04:11.979 --> 00:04:22.279
 So they are remembering and imitating Paul in some things,

00:04:22.719 --> 00:04:26.339
 and they are maintaining at least some of the traditions that Paul delivered to them.

00:04:26.439 --> 00:04:28.000
 So he's acknowledging this,

00:04:28.259 --> 00:04:34.639
 but he must quickly turn to the way in which Corinthians have been deviating from the traditions that he delivered to them.

00:04:34.639 --> 00:04:36.379
 So he says in verse 3,

00:04:36.860 --> 00:04:47.339
 Note that Paul's not trying to prove this point.

00:04:47.839 --> 00:04:51.360
 Rather, he takes it for granted that there are three levels of heads.

00:04:51.899 --> 00:04:54.199
 The head of a man is Christ,

00:04:54.399 --> 00:04:56.519
 the head of a woman is her husband,

00:04:57.000 --> 00:04:59.120
 and the head of Christ is God.

00:04:59.639 --> 00:05:03.339
 So Paul could have put this in a logical ascending order.

00:05:03.339 --> 00:05:04.579
 For example, he could have said,

00:05:04.979 --> 00:05:06.659
 The head of woman is her man,

00:05:06.879 --> 00:05:08.419
 and the head of man is Christ,

00:05:08.560 --> 00:05:09.859
 and the head of Christ is God.

00:05:10.239 --> 00:05:12.579
 That ordering would have made more sense to us,

00:05:12.679 --> 00:05:15.319
 but Paul opts for instead a chiastic ordering.

00:05:16.039 --> 00:05:19.159
 So this is literally a device that ancient writers used,

00:05:19.419 --> 00:05:23.159
 where they have two similar elements on the outside,

00:05:23.639 --> 00:05:25.459
 and they have a middle element that's different,

00:05:25.599 --> 00:05:29.039
 and that sandwich structure is intended to bring attention to what's in the middle.

00:05:29.459 --> 00:05:30.479
 Like a sandwich, right?

00:05:30.979 --> 00:05:32.859
 What's the thing you need to focus on in a sandwich?

00:05:32.860 --> 00:05:34.439
 It's not the bread, it's the meat, right?

00:05:34.500 --> 00:05:35.220
 So that's the idea.

00:05:35.340 --> 00:05:36.660
 So it's a sandwich structure.

00:05:37.819 --> 00:05:43.160
 So for Paul here, the central issue is not that God the Father is the head of Christ,

00:05:43.240 --> 00:05:44.819
 or that Christ is the head of man,

00:05:44.939 --> 00:05:49.400
 but the main concern here is that of the husband's headship over his wife.

00:05:50.259 --> 00:05:54.220
 And so he says, that's why he puts this in the middle to bring it to our attention.

00:05:54.879 --> 00:05:56.500
 But if that's Paul's main concern,

00:05:56.620 --> 00:05:59.980
 that what does Paul mean that the head of a wife is her husband?

00:05:59.980 --> 00:06:02.259
 What does Paul mean by head?

00:06:03.280 --> 00:06:09.300
 In the English, we use the word head metaphorically to suggest authority and source.

00:06:09.860 --> 00:06:14.879
 First, for example, when the newspaper says that the heads of state gather for a summit,

00:06:15.660 --> 00:06:20.100
 it means that the leaders of the various states and governments met together.

00:06:20.379 --> 00:06:24.020
 So the word head, in this sense, means those in positions of authority.

00:06:24.019 --> 00:06:28.879
 And this meaning is confirmed by the actual appearance of the word authority in verse 10,

00:06:29.079 --> 00:06:33.519
 which says, that is why a wife ought to have a symbol of authority on her head.

00:06:34.419 --> 00:06:39.560
 Just as the literal physical head directs the body and is in turn supported by the body,

00:06:39.859 --> 00:06:43.959
 the metaphorical head functions similarly with authority and responsibility

00:06:43.959 --> 00:06:47.259
 and is in turn supported and helped by the metaphorical body.

00:06:47.259 --> 00:06:51.079
 Second, we use the word head to mean source.

00:06:51.639 --> 00:06:56.839
 So for example, when we say head of the river, we mean the source of the river,

00:06:57.199 --> 00:07:00.079
 the point from which the rest of the river flows.

00:07:00.659 --> 00:07:03.019
 This meaning is confirmed by verse 8, which says,

00:07:03.139 --> 00:07:07.060
 for man was not made from woman, but woman from man.

00:07:07.579 --> 00:07:11.579
 So the word head combines the concept of both authority and source.

00:07:11.579 --> 00:07:16.199
 Now at this point, of course, people might balk and say,

00:07:16.359 --> 00:07:18.439
 why can't women be heads?

00:07:20.199 --> 00:07:21.259
 Why are men heads?

00:07:22.159 --> 00:07:24.180
 Because women are not in fear to men in any way.

00:07:25.419 --> 00:07:29.180
 And the fact that women are not in fear to men is, I think,

00:07:29.279 --> 00:07:33.659
 and I would argue is an empirically verifiable and indisputable fact.

00:07:34.479 --> 00:07:39.479
 But that's why it is significant that scripture roots the man's headship

00:07:39.480 --> 00:07:44.080
 and the woman's helpership in the context of the Trinitarian relationship within the Godhead.

00:07:45.180 --> 00:07:49.140
 Paul surrounds the statement that the head of a wife is her husband with these statements.

00:07:49.439 --> 00:07:53.000
 The head of every man is Christ and the head of Christ is God.

00:07:53.439 --> 00:07:57.640
 Paul said something very similar earlier in 1 Corinthians 3, verse 23.

00:07:57.800 --> 00:08:01.259
 He said, you are Christ's and Christ is God's.

00:08:02.000 --> 00:08:03.920
 And by God, Paul means God the Father.

00:08:04.540 --> 00:08:06.939
 And by this, of course, Paul doesn't mean, you know,

00:08:06.939 --> 00:08:10.579
 that Christ is not God and that only God the Father is God.

00:08:10.719 --> 00:08:12.660
 Paul clearly teaches the doctrine of the Trinity,

00:08:12.939 --> 00:08:18.060
 which says that there is one God but three persons within that one deity.

00:08:18.639 --> 00:08:21.819
 And so in 1 Corinthians 12, 4-6, he teaches the Trinity clearly.

00:08:21.920 --> 00:08:25.319
 He says, now there are varieties of gifts but the same Spirit.

00:08:25.699 --> 00:08:28.339
 And there are varieties of service but the same Lord.

00:08:28.339 --> 00:08:34.659
 And there are varieties of activities but it is the same God who empowers them all in everyone.

00:08:34.659 --> 00:08:40.959
 So Paul identifies the three persons of the Trinity as the Spirit and the Lord Jesus Christ and God the Father.

00:08:41.240 --> 00:08:48.439
 And they all belong to the one Godhead, which is what accounts for the unity and diversity within the gifts of the church.

00:08:49.120 --> 00:08:52.600
 So while there is equality and oneness in the divine essence,

00:08:52.899 --> 00:08:57.319
 there is distinction and diversity and order in their employment.

00:08:57.959 --> 00:09:01.100
 Even though the three persons of the Trinity share the same dignity,

00:09:01.579 --> 00:09:03.220
 they have different duties.

00:09:03.220 --> 00:09:07.899
 For instance, the Father sends the Son and the Son sends the Holy Spirit

00:09:07.899 --> 00:09:13.220
 and the Spirit glorifies the Son and the Son glorifies the Father.

00:09:14.080 --> 00:09:17.560
 The Father is the originator, the Son is the mediator,

00:09:17.759 --> 00:09:20.480
 and the Spirit is the effector, the fulfiller.

00:09:21.080 --> 00:09:24.180
 The Father is the giver, the Son is the deliverer,

00:09:24.360 --> 00:09:25.840
 and the Spirit is the gift.

00:09:25.840 --> 00:09:30.899
 The persons of the Trinity are inseparable yet distinguishable.

00:09:31.100 --> 00:09:35.440
 They are distinct yet the same, same Godhead.

00:09:35.800 --> 00:09:40.180
 This is crucial to understand because unless we understand this relationship within the triune Godhead,

00:09:40.259 --> 00:09:42.780
 we cannot make sense of the relationship between man and woman.

00:09:43.639 --> 00:09:46.940
 Because analogically, in a similar way as within the Trinity itself,

00:09:47.300 --> 00:09:49.860
 men and women are inseparable yet distinguishable.

00:09:49.860 --> 00:09:53.779
 They share the same humanity but have different genders.

00:09:54.340 --> 00:10:00.340
 They have the same essence, the humanity, but different employment.

00:10:00.980 --> 00:10:03.820
 They have the same dignity but have different duties.

00:10:04.460 --> 00:10:08.519
 Same worth, but different works to do in God's kingdom.

00:10:08.519 --> 00:10:11.179
 So the fact that God the Father is the head of Christ

00:10:11.179 --> 00:10:14.240
 does not mean that Christ is in any sense less God than the Father.

00:10:14.659 --> 00:10:16.039
 And I will return to this verse later,

00:10:16.100 --> 00:10:19.879
 but for now it's sufficient to recognize that this serves as the theological foundation

00:10:19.879 --> 00:10:21.600
 for Paul's following arguments.

00:10:22.340 --> 00:10:24.899
 So having established this, Paul appeals to culture

00:10:24.899 --> 00:10:27.460
 to argue that Christians opt to worship in a way

00:10:27.460 --> 00:10:31.000
 that displays the complementarian relationship between man and woman.

00:10:31.519 --> 00:10:35.539
 And there's a particular manner in which the Corinthian church was worshiping that concerned Paul,

00:10:35.539 --> 00:10:38.219
 and he makes that explicit in verses 4 to 5.

00:10:38.299 --> 00:10:38.879
 Read it with me.

00:10:40.279 --> 00:10:44.240
 Every man who prays or prophesies with his head covered dishonors his head,

00:10:44.459 --> 00:10:49.519
 but every wife who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head,

00:10:49.879 --> 00:10:52.219
 since it is the same as if her head were shaven.

00:10:52.860 --> 00:10:54.719
 So first, Paul addresses the man.

00:10:55.299 --> 00:10:59.879
 Every man who prays or prophesies with his head covered dishonors his head.

00:11:00.439 --> 00:11:03.039
 Now the context in view is that of public worship.

00:11:03.039 --> 00:11:08.319
 Chapters 11 to 14 all deal with issues that surround the corporate worship of the church.

00:11:08.839 --> 00:11:11.959
 And we know that Paul has public worship context in mind

00:11:11.959 --> 00:11:14.279
 because he mentions prophecy, right?

00:11:14.759 --> 00:11:17.199
 Because we know from 1 Corinthians 14.3

00:11:17.199 --> 00:11:22.919
 that one who prophesies speaks for people for their upbuilding and encouragement and consolation.

00:11:23.259 --> 00:11:26.620
 So even though prayer can be private, it can be directed privately to God,

00:11:27.159 --> 00:11:30.079
 prophecy is by its very nature oriented toward others.

00:11:30.379 --> 00:11:31.659
 It's public gift.

00:11:31.659 --> 00:11:35.360
 For that reason, because Paul specifies praying and prophesying,

00:11:35.459 --> 00:11:39.500
 we can know that he's speaking of, thinking of the corporate worship context.

00:11:40.939 --> 00:11:43.600
 And in the Greek, it says literally for the man,

00:11:43.719 --> 00:11:48.559
 every man who prays or prophesies with down from the head dishonors his head.

00:11:49.139 --> 00:11:50.699
 What does down from the head mean?

00:11:50.939 --> 00:11:52.519
 And I think the translation gets it right here

00:11:52.519 --> 00:11:55.679
 because that exact expression is used in Esther 6.12

00:11:55.679 --> 00:11:59.399
 to say that Haman, after being shamed by the king,

00:12:00.120 --> 00:12:03.079
 purred to his house mourning and with down from the head.

00:12:03.659 --> 00:12:09.039
 And that down from the head, that Greek expression translates the Hebrew word that means to cover one's head.

00:12:09.039 --> 00:12:17.339
 And all 59 of the English translations that I had access to translates this phrase as referring to some kind of external covering over the head.

00:12:17.679 --> 00:12:22.579
 And I think that's the most likely interpretation.

00:12:23.620 --> 00:12:27.679
 And Paul is saying that if a man were to cover his head while prophesying or praying,

00:12:27.799 --> 00:12:30.659
 this would bring dishonor to his head.

00:12:30.659 --> 00:12:34.279
 But which head exactly will he dishonor?

00:12:34.399 --> 00:12:35.699
 Because that's not exactly clear, right?

00:12:36.079 --> 00:12:37.559
 Would the man dishonor his own head?

00:12:38.319 --> 00:12:41.779
 Or will he dishonor Christ, who is his head?

00:12:42.399 --> 00:12:43.299
 According to verse 3.

00:12:43.699 --> 00:12:47.819
 On the one hand, it makes sense that he will dishonor his own head

00:12:47.819 --> 00:12:51.899
 because in verse 14, Paul uses the illustration of hair to argue that

00:12:51.899 --> 00:12:54.480
 just as it is disgraceful for a man to wear long hair,

00:12:54.699 --> 00:12:56.779
 since his head is not supposed to be covered,

00:12:57.079 --> 00:12:59.519
 so it is dishonorable for him to wear a head covering.

00:12:59.519 --> 00:13:00.939
 There he says,

00:13:01.360 --> 00:13:04.600
 If a man wears long hair, it is a disgrace for him.

00:13:05.139 --> 00:13:08.860
 And the word disgrace is a synonym of the word dishonor that's used in verse 4.

00:13:09.460 --> 00:13:12.679
 So in verse 14, the man is clearly disgracing himself,

00:13:12.860 --> 00:13:15.559
 so it makes sense to think that by wearing a covering

00:13:15.559 --> 00:13:17.840
 during this context of praying and prophesying in corporate worship,

00:13:18.139 --> 00:13:19.980
 the man will dishonor his own head.

00:13:21.860 --> 00:13:23.899
 But on the other hand, it also makes sense,

00:13:23.980 --> 00:13:26.299
 given the immediately preceding context in verse 3,

00:13:26.299 --> 00:13:30.019
 which tells us explicitly that the head of every man is Christ.

00:13:30.759 --> 00:13:34.479
 So it seems likely that every man who prophesies or prays with his head covered

00:13:34.479 --> 00:13:38.359
 dishonors his metaphorical head, that he dishonors Christ.

00:13:39.319 --> 00:13:42.539
 And in the end, I don't think these two options are mutually exclusive.

00:13:42.719 --> 00:13:44.799
 I think both of them are intended here.

00:13:45.319 --> 00:13:46.719
 There is contextual warrant for both.

00:13:46.720 --> 00:13:51.740
 The man who prays or prophesies with his head covered dishonors both his own head

00:13:51.740 --> 00:13:53.480
 and Christ, who is his head.

00:13:54.139 --> 00:13:57.540
 Men were forbidden from covering their heads in public when they were praying and prophesying

00:13:57.540 --> 00:14:01.259
 because this was considered irreverent behavior that dishonored Christ,

00:14:01.779 --> 00:14:04.960
 similar to wearing a baseball cap, you know, in a wedding

00:14:04.960 --> 00:14:07.019
 or during the national anthem.

00:14:07.019 --> 00:14:14.079
 With all that said, even though Paul mentions this for the sake of fairness and completeness,

00:14:14.519 --> 00:14:18.699
 this doesn't seem to be the main issue that he's getting at in the context of the Corinthian church.

00:14:19.059 --> 00:14:23.679
 Because if you look at verse 10, the command to cover the head is directed specifically

00:14:23.679 --> 00:14:24.939
 toward the women of the church.

00:14:25.319 --> 00:14:28.319
 And the emphasis of this passage falls on the woman's conduct.

00:14:28.439 --> 00:14:32.620
 And I think the reason for that is because the men weren't necessarily doing this.

00:14:32.659 --> 00:14:35.740
 They weren't covering their heads, but the women were uncovering their heads.

00:14:35.740 --> 00:14:38.100
 And so I think Paul is addressing a specific issue.

00:14:38.580 --> 00:14:41.779
 So in a similar way, in chapter 6, Paul specifically addressed men

00:14:41.779 --> 00:14:45.759
 because they were the ones committing sexual immorality by going to prostitutes.

00:14:46.060 --> 00:14:49.019
 So here he's addressing a particular issue that pertains to women.

00:14:49.639 --> 00:14:52.580
 Even though it does pertain to men, it just wasn't an issue for them

00:14:52.580 --> 00:14:54.899
 because they weren't trying to cover their heads during worship.

00:14:55.919 --> 00:14:57.560
 So Paul continues in verse 5,

00:14:57.639 --> 00:15:02.940
 But every wife who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head,

00:15:03.000 --> 00:15:05.580
 since it is the same as if her head were shaven.

00:15:06.740 --> 00:15:10.700
 The ESV, if you have the ESV translation, which is the one we're using,

00:15:11.159 --> 00:15:13.320
 it translates this as every wife.

00:15:13.759 --> 00:15:17.799
 But there's a footnote next to the word wife if you check it.

00:15:17.879 --> 00:15:19.519
 And if you go down to the footnote to check it,

00:15:19.560 --> 00:15:22.399
 it tells you that the wife could also mean woman

00:15:22.399 --> 00:15:26.100
 because the Greek word for wife is exactly the same as the Greek word for woman.

00:15:26.100 --> 00:15:35.980
 And I think NIV translates this as every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head.

00:15:36.440 --> 00:15:41.300
 I think that's more likely the intended meaning, the translation,

00:15:41.299 --> 00:15:43.679
 as the following verses make clear,

00:15:43.759 --> 00:15:46.519
 because there's a general principle here that applies to all women,

00:15:46.719 --> 00:15:48.139
 not just to married women.

00:15:48.919 --> 00:15:53.139
 And of course, only a married woman could dishonor her husband, who is her head.

00:15:53.299 --> 00:15:58.099
 So it makes sense to understand particular parts of this passage referring to wives specifically.

00:15:58.100 --> 00:16:03.100
 But there is a general principle by which women who do not do this would dishonor herself

00:16:03.820 --> 00:16:05.879
 and dishonor Christ, who is her bridegroom and lord.

00:16:06.379 --> 00:16:08.540
 And we'll see that more clearly as we go.

00:16:09.500 --> 00:16:12.320
 And a woman, interestingly enough, in contrast to a man,

00:16:12.440 --> 00:16:15.620
 brings dishonor to her head not by covering her head like the man,

00:16:15.779 --> 00:16:18.700
 but by uncovering her head, the exact opposite of a man.

00:16:18.700 --> 00:16:24.700
 And what exactly is meant by an uncovered head is somewhat disputed,

00:16:25.140 --> 00:16:29.080
 mainly because, as archaeologists and historians have found out,

00:16:29.180 --> 00:16:33.520
 there are a lot of images and statues of women from Paul's time.

00:16:34.080 --> 00:16:37.980
 And some of them depict women as wearing veils or some kind of head coverings,

00:16:38.200 --> 00:16:42.259
 but a lot of them also depict them as not wearing anything on their heads,

00:16:42.740 --> 00:16:45.259
 just with their heads tied up over their head.

00:16:45.259 --> 00:16:50.639
 And so because of that, people argue that Paul cannot possibly be talking about covering a woman's head,

00:16:50.799 --> 00:16:52.919
 and he must be talking about loosed hair,

00:16:53.399 --> 00:16:56.039
 because there was stigma against having loosed hair,

00:16:56.120 --> 00:16:58.439
 because it was associated with adulterous women,

00:16:58.559 --> 00:17:03.179
 or culturally, basically, inappropriate behavior.

00:17:04.779 --> 00:17:07.740
 I think that's plausible, possible,

00:17:08.039 --> 00:17:11.039
 and I've spent a lot of time studying this,

00:17:11.039 --> 00:17:15.839
 but I do think that the way the ESV has a translator as uncovered head,

00:17:15.940 --> 00:17:18.339
 I think is more likely, and for this reason.

00:17:18.799 --> 00:17:21.180
 And the main reason, really, is that the word uncovered

00:17:21.180 --> 00:17:27.359
 is simply the negative form of the Greek verb that means to cover or veil.

00:17:28.180 --> 00:17:31.500
 And whenever the word occurs in Greek literature,

00:17:31.680 --> 00:17:35.059
 it almost always refers to covering something or hiding something.

00:17:35.539 --> 00:17:37.839
 So, for example, in Isaiah 6.2,

00:17:37.839 --> 00:17:40.019
 when the angels encounter the glory of God in the temple,

00:17:40.119 --> 00:17:41.659
 he says that they cover their faces.

00:17:42.279 --> 00:17:47.119
 Genesis 38.15, Tamar covers her face like a prostitute.

00:17:47.980 --> 00:17:49.480
 And so the evidence suggests,

00:17:49.579 --> 00:17:51.339
 and other ancient Greek literature as well,

00:17:51.419 --> 00:17:53.379
 suggests that this is referring to some kind of head covering.

00:17:54.319 --> 00:17:55.179
 But if that's the case,

00:17:55.240 --> 00:17:59.039
 then why are there so many images of women in this culture

00:17:59.039 --> 00:18:00.859
 that are not wearing anything?

00:18:01.179 --> 00:18:03.119
 It seems to have been perfectly normal for them.

00:18:03.119 --> 00:18:05.859
 And why is Paul concerned about this?

00:18:06.459 --> 00:18:08.319
 And I think there's a simple answer to that,

00:18:08.379 --> 00:18:09.759
 and it's that Paul lived in a time

00:18:09.759 --> 00:18:12.479
 when the head covering conventions were in a state of flux.

00:18:13.239 --> 00:18:16.139
 And more and more women were beginning to reject head coverings.

00:18:16.719 --> 00:18:19.239
 And also the women that are depicted on coins

00:18:19.239 --> 00:18:21.179
 and memorialized on statues,

00:18:21.379 --> 00:18:22.779
 which archaeologists have found,

00:18:23.139 --> 00:18:26.579
 are generally prominent noble women and empresses.

00:18:26.579 --> 00:18:29.679
 And they're given to far more progressive

00:18:29.679 --> 00:18:31.579
 and elaborate adornments and styles,

00:18:32.279 --> 00:18:34.179
 kind of like the Hollywood actresses of our time.

00:18:34.879 --> 00:18:36.759
 And so the fact that these rich and famous women

00:18:36.759 --> 00:18:38.339
 were not covering their heads in public

00:18:38.339 --> 00:18:41.279
 does not mean that this was uncontroversial.

00:18:41.859 --> 00:18:43.339
 And I think an illustration might be helpful

00:18:43.339 --> 00:18:45.279
 to understand what's going on in this time.

00:18:45.679 --> 00:18:48.519
 It's when the French engineer, Louis Rear,

00:18:48.759 --> 00:18:51.720
 he designed the bikini in 1946.

00:18:52.679 --> 00:18:54.919
 It was so controversial that it was banned

00:18:54.920 --> 00:18:56.779
 in some parts of France,

00:18:56.880 --> 00:19:00.860
 as well as all of Spain, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Australia,

00:19:00.980 --> 00:19:03.220
 as well as some parts of some of the states in the United States.

00:19:03.980 --> 00:19:06.279
 Only the most avant-garde woman,

00:19:06.440 --> 00:19:08.539
 only the most radically progressive woman,

00:19:08.680 --> 00:19:11.539
 mostly, it turns out, upper-class European woman,

00:19:11.800 --> 00:19:13.560
 became early adopters of the bikini.

00:19:14.460 --> 00:19:16.380
 And it didn't become a common swimwear

00:19:16.380 --> 00:19:19.840
 until two decades later in the mid-1960s.

00:19:19.840 --> 00:19:23.259
 But nevertheless, if archaeologists and historians from the future

00:19:23.259 --> 00:19:25.720
 were to study the 20th century,

00:19:26.240 --> 00:19:27.859
 and they would look at pictures and movies

00:19:27.859 --> 00:19:29.740
 and drawings of women from those times,

00:19:30.200 --> 00:19:34.259
 they would conclude that as early as the 1950s

00:19:34.259 --> 00:19:35.980
 or early 1960s,

00:19:36.000 --> 00:19:38.519
 that the bikinis were commonly accepted and popular.

00:19:39.099 --> 00:19:40.240
 And the reason why they would say that

00:19:40.240 --> 00:19:43.079
 is because prominent actresses of the time,

00:19:43.200 --> 00:19:45.640
 like Bridgette Bardot, Ursula Andress,

00:19:46.000 --> 00:19:46.879
 Raquel Welch,

00:19:47.279 --> 00:19:49.440
 they're so old, I don't know who any of these people are,

00:19:49.440 --> 00:19:52.940
 but they wore them and popularized them, right?

00:19:53.080 --> 00:19:54.100
 And so because of them,

00:19:54.160 --> 00:19:55.100
 their images of them,

00:19:55.220 --> 00:19:57.400
 these iconic so-called images of them in bikinis

00:19:57.400 --> 00:19:58.600
 proliferate all over the world.

00:19:59.200 --> 00:20:00.759
 And so I think that's kind of similar

00:20:00.759 --> 00:20:02.120
 to what's happening in Paul's time.

00:20:02.259 --> 00:20:05.200
 So because this was a convention that was in cultural flux,

00:20:05.500 --> 00:20:08.519
 we see a lot of counter-examples of women not wearing it,

00:20:08.700 --> 00:20:11.220
 but there still seems to have been a general convention

00:20:11.220 --> 00:20:14.220
 where women were expected to wear veils,

00:20:14.220 --> 00:20:17.680
 especially in a traditional modest context.

00:20:17.680 --> 00:20:22.019
 And I think this may explain Paul's lenient stance here too.

00:20:22.100 --> 00:20:25.120
 Notice that Paul doesn't require that women wear head coverings

00:20:25.120 --> 00:20:27.380
 at all times in public, right?

00:20:27.460 --> 00:20:30.060
 But only when they are publicly praying or prophesying

00:20:30.060 --> 00:20:31.880
 in the context of corporate worship, right?

00:20:32.539 --> 00:20:35.720
 And so this is why similar exhortations about women's attire

00:20:35.720 --> 00:20:38.000
 in 1 Timothy 2.9 and 1 Peter 2.3,

00:20:38.340 --> 00:20:40.779
 they assume that women's hairstyles would be visible

00:20:40.779 --> 00:20:42.440
 in the corporate worship context.

00:20:42.860 --> 00:20:46.180
 So that tells us that Paul wasn't trying to say

00:20:46.180 --> 00:20:48.160
 every woman should be doing this at all times,

00:20:48.440 --> 00:20:50.700
 but rather, especially in a context that requires

00:20:50.700 --> 00:20:53.279
 particular modesty and presentability,

00:20:53.620 --> 00:20:55.360
 and when you're presenting something,

00:20:55.460 --> 00:20:56.920
 sharing something in a context of corporate worship,

00:20:57.400 --> 00:20:59.100
 that they should cover their heads.

00:21:00.000 --> 00:21:02.740
 Still, you might wonder why Paul required head coverings

00:21:02.740 --> 00:21:04.779
 for women at any point of the worship service,

00:21:05.180 --> 00:21:07.160
 since we live in a society where women generally

00:21:07.160 --> 00:21:08.420
 do not cover their heads.

00:21:08.980 --> 00:21:11.160
 This is difficult for us to understand.

00:21:11.160 --> 00:21:13.580
 But in Paul's cultural context,

00:21:13.779 --> 00:21:15.740
 head coverings for women were a function,

00:21:15.940 --> 00:21:17.820
 like I said, of modesty and privacy,

00:21:18.259 --> 00:21:20.720
 and I think it's helpful for us to understand this,

00:21:21.060 --> 00:21:22.980
 because women's hair in this era,

00:21:23.060 --> 00:21:24.400
 this is really fascinating,

00:21:24.980 --> 00:21:27.680
 was considered one of the most seductive parts

00:21:27.680 --> 00:21:28.480
 of the woman's body.

00:21:29.460 --> 00:21:30.880
 So because of,

00:21:31.420 --> 00:21:34.880
 so you can look at this from a second century Christian writing

00:21:34.880 --> 00:21:36.460
 called the Apocalypse of Peter.

00:21:36.880 --> 00:21:39.480
 So the Apocalypse of Peter is not Christian scripture,

00:21:39.480 --> 00:21:41.740
 rather it's more like an imaginative writing,

00:21:41.960 --> 00:21:45.240
 and it's written in a framework

00:21:45.240 --> 00:21:48.099
 where basically Peter receives a vision from Christ,

00:21:48.380 --> 00:21:50.960
 and Christ takes Peter to heaven and hell

00:21:50.960 --> 00:21:52.940
 and tells him about the different aspects of heaven and hell.

00:21:53.299 --> 00:21:55.360
 This is fictional writing, it's not scripture.

00:21:55.900 --> 00:21:57.880
 It's similar to Dante's Inferno,

00:21:58.019 --> 00:21:58.960
 or a divine comedy,

00:21:59.120 --> 00:22:00.740
 where Dante is taken by Virgil

00:22:00.740 --> 00:22:02.740
 through hell and purgatory in heaven,

00:22:03.099 --> 00:22:04.660
 and is told about the different aspects of it.

00:22:05.079 --> 00:22:07.460
 And what's fascinating is in Apocalypse of Peter,

00:22:07.460 --> 00:22:08.539
 chapter 7, 22,

00:22:08.539 --> 00:22:10.500
 Peter is told that the wicked people

00:22:10.500 --> 00:22:13.659
 are punished eternally by being hung by their offending parts.

00:22:14.599 --> 00:22:17.079
 And those who blaspheme are hung by their tongues,

00:22:17.399 --> 00:22:19.079
 and the men who committed adultery

00:22:19.079 --> 00:22:20.339
 are hung by their genitals,

00:22:20.759 --> 00:22:23.000
 and interestingly, adulterous women

00:22:23.000 --> 00:22:25.240
 are hung by their hair.

00:22:27.019 --> 00:22:29.099
 Now, this is why head coverings,

00:22:29.319 --> 00:22:31.299
 especially for married women

00:22:31.299 --> 00:22:33.779
 who are no longer available to men,

00:22:34.440 --> 00:22:36.639
 were considered essential in this culture.

00:22:36.640 --> 00:22:39.380
 Judith Sebesta,

00:22:39.520 --> 00:22:41.180
 who's a professor of classics and history

00:22:41.180 --> 00:22:42.380
 at University of South Dakota,

00:22:42.700 --> 00:22:44.420
 she specializes in Roman women

00:22:44.420 --> 00:22:45.560
 and wrote a book,

00:22:46.180 --> 00:22:47.600
 or contributed to a book

00:22:47.600 --> 00:22:49.600
 called The World of Roman Costume,

00:22:50.080 --> 00:22:51.040
 and she writes this,

00:22:51.180 --> 00:22:51.300
 quote,

00:22:51.299 --> 00:22:54.919
 The Roman matron signified her modesty and chastity

00:22:54.919 --> 00:22:56.980
 with the traditional costume.

00:22:57.539 --> 00:22:59.500
 It consisted of her distinctive dress,

00:22:59.599 --> 00:23:00.399
 the woolen stola,

00:23:00.519 --> 00:23:01.680
 which was worn over a tunic,

00:23:01.779 --> 00:23:03.059
 the protective woolen bands,

00:23:03.119 --> 00:23:03.940
 which dressed her hair,

00:23:04.159 --> 00:23:05.200
 and the woolen pala,

00:23:05.259 --> 00:23:05.740
 or mantle,

00:23:05.899 --> 00:23:07.259
 which was used to veil her head

00:23:07.259 --> 00:23:08.339
 when she went out in public.

00:23:09.259 --> 00:23:11.419
 And then she makes this insightful observation.

00:23:11.420 --> 00:23:11.860
 He says,

00:23:12.160 --> 00:23:13.960
 To modern women of Western countries,

00:23:14.039 --> 00:23:15.920
 the Middle Eastern custom of veiling women

00:23:15.920 --> 00:23:18.140
 seems to signify social inequality

00:23:18.140 --> 00:23:19.880
 and even inferiority.

00:23:20.140 --> 00:23:21.820
 To modern women of the East,

00:23:22.140 --> 00:23:23.700
 it is a symbol of their honor

00:23:23.700 --> 00:23:26.000
 and of the sanctity and privacy

00:23:26.000 --> 00:23:27.259
 of their family life.

00:23:28.519 --> 00:23:30.620
 For a married woman,

00:23:30.800 --> 00:23:32.000
 to uncover her head in public

00:23:32.000 --> 00:23:33.200
 was traditionally understood

00:23:33.200 --> 00:23:36.000
 as a sign of her withdrawing herself

00:23:36.000 --> 00:23:37.240
 from her patronage.

00:23:38.019 --> 00:23:38.580
 It's basically,

00:23:38.579 --> 00:23:40.139
 her uncovering herself in public

00:23:40.139 --> 00:23:42.519
 was seen as indecent exposure

00:23:42.519 --> 00:23:45.319
 that signaled her sexual availability.

00:23:46.139 --> 00:23:47.699
 And that's why it's considered so inappropriate.

00:23:48.539 --> 00:23:49.539
 And for this reason,

00:23:49.639 --> 00:23:50.119
 culturally,

00:23:50.299 --> 00:23:51.299
 it was considered appropriate

00:23:51.299 --> 00:23:52.220
 and seemingly for women

00:23:52.220 --> 00:23:53.480
 to cover their heads in public.

00:23:53.819 --> 00:23:55.159
 But Paul's primary concern

00:23:55.159 --> 00:23:57.819
 is not women's head covering per se,

00:23:58.059 --> 00:23:59.579
 but that they wear head coverings

00:23:59.579 --> 00:24:02.039
 as a way of distinguishing themselves from men.

00:24:03.299 --> 00:24:06.279
 And so that's an important idea to get,

00:24:06.339 --> 00:24:07.699
 that Paul is enjoining head coverings

00:24:07.700 --> 00:24:08.799
 not because of the merits

00:24:08.799 --> 00:24:10.039
 of head coverings themselves,

00:24:10.400 --> 00:24:11.120
 in and of themselves,

00:24:11.220 --> 00:24:12.500
 but because Christian men and women

00:24:12.500 --> 00:24:14.420
 should keep the cultural markers

00:24:14.420 --> 00:24:16.360
 that distinguish men from women

00:24:16.360 --> 00:24:17.299
 and women from men.

00:24:17.380 --> 00:24:19.279
 That's why it says in verses 5 to 6,

00:24:19.559 --> 00:24:20.140
 read with me,

00:24:20.600 --> 00:24:22.440
 every wife who prays or prophesies

00:24:22.440 --> 00:24:23.380
 with her head uncovered

00:24:23.380 --> 00:24:24.799
 dishonors her head,

00:24:25.120 --> 00:24:26.580
 since it is the same

00:24:26.580 --> 00:24:27.960
 as if her head were shaven.

00:24:28.319 --> 00:24:29.940
 For if a wife will not cover her head,

00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:31.440
 then she should cut her hair short.

00:24:31.759 --> 00:24:33.319
 But since it is disgraceful

00:24:33.319 --> 00:24:34.759
 for a wife to cut off her hair

00:24:34.759 --> 00:24:35.519
 or shave her head,

00:24:35.519 --> 00:24:36.940
 let her cover her head.

00:24:37.700 --> 00:24:38.360
 Once again,

00:24:38.440 --> 00:24:40.039
 I think woman is a better translation

00:24:40.039 --> 00:24:40.759
 than wife here,

00:24:40.840 --> 00:24:41.920
 because in Paul's day

00:24:41.920 --> 00:24:43.420
 and even in our time

00:24:43.420 --> 00:24:44.180
 to a lesser degree,

00:24:44.660 --> 00:24:45.620
 it was considered shameful

00:24:45.620 --> 00:24:47.180
 for a woman to have her hair

00:24:47.180 --> 00:24:48.580
 cut short or shaven,

00:24:49.039 --> 00:24:49.960
 because to do so

00:24:49.960 --> 00:24:51.640
 is to blur the distinctions

00:24:51.640 --> 00:24:52.740
 between genders.

00:24:53.340 --> 00:24:54.240
 So Paul appeals

00:24:54.240 --> 00:24:56.180
 to a more widely accepted example

00:24:56.180 --> 00:24:57.600
 in order to argue his point.

00:24:58.039 --> 00:24:59.080
 It's shameful for a woman

00:24:59.080 --> 00:25:00.039
 to cut her hair short

00:25:00.039 --> 00:25:00.960
 or shave her head

00:25:00.960 --> 00:25:02.220
 because it does violence

00:25:02.220 --> 00:25:03.360
 to her sense of womanhood

00:25:03.360 --> 00:25:04.059
 and femininity.

00:25:04.059 --> 00:25:05.139
 In the same way,

00:25:05.220 --> 00:25:06.220
 when a woman refuses

00:25:06.220 --> 00:25:07.240
 to cover her head,

00:25:07.659 --> 00:25:08.839
 when publicly praying

00:25:08.839 --> 00:25:09.579
 or prophesying,

00:25:09.659 --> 00:25:11.440
 she defies the cultural conventions

00:25:11.440 --> 00:25:12.019
 of womanhood

00:25:12.019 --> 00:25:13.200
 and thereby distorts

00:25:13.200 --> 00:25:15.179
 the male and female relationship.

00:25:15.740 --> 00:25:16.619
 For this reason,

00:25:16.799 --> 00:25:17.359
 Paul argues,

00:25:17.460 --> 00:25:18.899
 let her cover her head.

00:25:19.639 --> 00:25:20.139
 He's appealing

00:25:20.139 --> 00:25:21.539
 to the culture of his time

00:25:21.539 --> 00:25:22.819
 to argue that Christians

00:25:22.819 --> 00:25:23.500
 ought to worship

00:25:23.500 --> 00:25:24.659
 in a way that displays

00:25:24.659 --> 00:25:26.039
 the complementarian relationship

00:25:26.039 --> 00:25:26.980
 between man and woman.

00:25:26.980 --> 00:25:29.620
 In this case,

00:25:30.099 --> 00:25:30.480
 of course,

00:25:30.559 --> 00:25:31.519
 the all-important question,

00:25:32.460 --> 00:25:33.960
 should Christian women today

00:25:33.960 --> 00:25:37.059
 cover their heads publicly

00:25:37.059 --> 00:25:38.559
 when they're publicly praying

00:25:38.559 --> 00:25:39.240
 or prophesying

00:25:39.240 --> 00:25:39.900
 in the context

00:25:39.900 --> 00:25:40.539
 of public worship?

00:25:44.759 --> 00:25:46.079
 That's a difficult question

00:25:46.079 --> 00:25:47.019
 to answer.

00:25:49.319 --> 00:25:52.380
 I've studied this in the past,

00:25:52.460 --> 00:25:53.259
 this passage in the past,

00:25:53.339 --> 00:25:53.940
 and I studied it

00:25:53.940 --> 00:25:55.799
 for another 25 hours or so

00:25:55.799 --> 00:25:56.700
 just this past week,

00:25:56.700 --> 00:25:57.420
 and frankly,

00:25:57.600 --> 00:25:58.400
 when I started out

00:25:58.400 --> 00:25:59.539
 my studies this week,

00:26:00.039 --> 00:26:01.539
 I was sure that

00:26:01.539 --> 00:26:02.440
 head covering

00:26:02.440 --> 00:26:03.700
 is an outdated practice

00:26:03.700 --> 00:26:04.200
 that the Bible

00:26:04.200 --> 00:26:04.940
 does not require,

00:26:05.360 --> 00:26:06.400
 and I began the study

00:26:06.400 --> 00:26:07.640
 even with a dismissive attitude

00:26:07.640 --> 00:26:08.860
 toward Christians

00:26:08.860 --> 00:26:09.799
 and Christian denominations

00:26:09.799 --> 00:26:10.519
 who believe that

00:26:10.519 --> 00:26:11.620
 head covering is required.

00:26:12.160 --> 00:26:13.460
 But as I studied further,

00:26:13.620 --> 00:26:14.640
 I see that

00:26:14.640 --> 00:26:16.279
 they have good reason

00:26:16.279 --> 00:26:17.500
 for what they believe,

00:26:18.039 --> 00:26:19.259
 even though I still

00:26:19.259 --> 00:26:20.660
 don't agree with them.

00:26:21.019 --> 00:26:22.480
 I see that they have

00:26:22.480 --> 00:26:22.980
 good reason

00:26:22.980 --> 00:26:23.860
 for what they believe.

00:26:24.259 --> 00:26:25.900
 And all the early church fathers

00:26:25.900 --> 00:26:26.539
 as well as the

00:26:26.539 --> 00:26:27.539
 Protestant reformers

00:26:27.539 --> 00:26:28.359
 like Martin Luther,

00:26:28.539 --> 00:26:29.180
 John Calvin,

00:26:29.379 --> 00:26:30.519
 as well as many faithful

00:26:30.519 --> 00:26:32.059
 pastors of more recent memory

00:26:32.059 --> 00:26:33.579
 like Charles Spurgeon,

00:26:33.759 --> 00:26:34.359
 John Murray,

00:26:34.799 --> 00:26:35.740
 and R.C. Sproul

00:26:35.740 --> 00:26:36.920
 believe that men

00:26:36.920 --> 00:26:38.379
 uncovering their heads

00:26:38.379 --> 00:26:39.639
 and women covering their heads

00:26:39.639 --> 00:26:40.559
 during public worship

00:26:40.559 --> 00:26:41.579
 was a practice

00:26:41.579 --> 00:26:42.420
 that should continue

00:26:42.420 --> 00:26:43.279
 to be observed.

00:26:43.279 --> 00:26:45.960
 And I believe there is

00:26:45.960 --> 00:26:46.920
 a distinct possibility

00:26:46.920 --> 00:26:47.960
 that they are right.

00:26:48.559 --> 00:26:49.660
 And if they are right

00:26:49.660 --> 00:26:50.480
 and this practice

00:26:50.480 --> 00:26:51.940
 is an abiding principle,

00:26:52.079 --> 00:26:53.139
 then it would only apply

00:26:53.139 --> 00:26:53.759
 in the context

00:26:53.759 --> 00:26:54.879
 of public worship,

00:26:55.879 --> 00:26:57.660
 not just public worship

00:26:57.660 --> 00:26:58.059
 in general,

00:26:58.139 --> 00:26:58.980
 but when you're sharing

00:26:58.980 --> 00:27:00.099
 in front of a whole congregation

00:27:00.099 --> 00:27:00.779
 during worship.

00:27:01.940 --> 00:27:02.819
 On balance,

00:27:03.000 --> 00:27:04.740
 I'm still of the belief

00:27:04.740 --> 00:27:05.420
 that the custom

00:27:05.420 --> 00:27:05.980
 of head covering

00:27:05.980 --> 00:27:07.660
 is culturally relative

00:27:07.660 --> 00:27:09.500
 and no longer binding on us.

00:27:10.000 --> 00:27:10.660
 But I do not,

00:27:11.079 --> 00:27:12.420
 I hold that view now

00:27:12.420 --> 00:27:14.200
 much more tentatively

00:27:14.200 --> 00:27:14.819
 and humbly

00:27:14.819 --> 00:27:15.799
 than I have in the past

00:27:15.799 --> 00:27:16.900
 and I want all of you

00:27:16.900 --> 00:27:17.819
 to wrestle with this

00:27:17.819 --> 00:27:18.759
 and do what you think

00:27:18.759 --> 00:27:19.440
 scripture teaches.

00:27:20.319 --> 00:27:21.160
 And the reason why

00:27:21.160 --> 00:27:22.339
 this practice of head covering

00:27:22.339 --> 00:27:23.259
 I think doesn't apply

00:27:23.259 --> 00:27:23.779
 to us today

00:27:23.779 --> 00:27:24.680
 is because Paul

00:27:24.680 --> 00:27:25.839
 was not championing

00:27:25.839 --> 00:27:26.599
 head covering

00:27:26.599 --> 00:27:27.339
 in and of itself.

00:27:27.740 --> 00:27:28.339
 As you can see,

00:27:28.440 --> 00:27:29.059
 if that were the case,

00:27:29.119 --> 00:27:30.000
 maybe he would require

00:27:30.000 --> 00:27:30.900
 women to wear it

00:27:30.900 --> 00:27:31.700
 at all times

00:27:31.700 --> 00:27:32.839
 when they were in public,

00:27:32.940 --> 00:27:33.700
 but he requires it

00:27:33.700 --> 00:27:34.500
 only specifically

00:27:34.500 --> 00:27:35.480
 in the context

00:27:35.480 --> 00:27:36.119
 of public worship

00:27:36.119 --> 00:27:36.960
 when they are sharing,

00:27:37.119 --> 00:27:37.640
 praying, praying,

00:27:37.700 --> 00:27:38.319
 or prophesying.

00:27:38.319 --> 00:27:39.839
 But he seems to be

00:27:39.839 --> 00:27:40.839
 advocating this custom

00:27:40.839 --> 00:27:42.139
 for the sake of maintaining

00:27:42.139 --> 00:27:43.460
 the complementary relationship

00:27:43.460 --> 00:27:44.439
 between men and women

00:27:44.439 --> 00:27:45.359
 in the context

00:27:45.359 --> 00:27:46.099
 of public worship.

00:27:47.319 --> 00:27:48.299
 And this is why,

00:27:48.859 --> 00:27:49.079
 you know,

00:27:49.279 --> 00:27:50.500
 so Paul is basically

00:27:50.500 --> 00:27:52.179
 affirming a changing custom

00:27:52.179 --> 00:27:54.099
 for the sake of preserving

00:27:54.099 --> 00:27:55.599
 an unchanging principle.

00:27:56.399 --> 00:27:58.179
 And since in our cultural context

00:27:58.179 --> 00:27:59.599
 the complementary relationship

00:27:59.599 --> 00:28:00.399
 between men and women

00:28:00.399 --> 00:28:01.740
 is not displayed

00:28:01.740 --> 00:28:02.980
 in the uncovering

00:28:02.980 --> 00:28:04.019
 and covering of our heads,

00:28:04.339 --> 00:28:05.220
 we need to consider

00:28:05.220 --> 00:28:06.559
 how we can preserve

00:28:06.559 --> 00:28:07.919
 that same unchanging principle

00:28:07.920 --> 00:28:09.160
 in our cultural context.

00:28:09.940 --> 00:28:11.000
 So there is no need

00:28:11.000 --> 00:28:11.820
 to perpetuate

00:28:11.820 --> 00:28:12.600
 a culturally,

00:28:13.019 --> 00:28:13.700
 basically,

00:28:14.080 --> 00:28:15.660
 an inculturated practice

00:28:15.660 --> 00:28:17.279
 that no longer communicates

00:28:17.279 --> 00:28:18.100
 the same principle

00:28:18.100 --> 00:28:19.080
 that Paul intended

00:28:19.080 --> 00:28:19.800
 to communicate.

00:28:20.920 --> 00:28:22.500
 An example might be helpful here.

00:28:22.580 --> 00:28:24.160
 So look at John 13.

00:28:24.680 --> 00:28:25.440
 You don't have to go there.

00:28:25.460 --> 00:28:26.220
 It's the Last Supper.

00:28:26.940 --> 00:28:28.560
 And Jesus washes the feet

00:28:28.560 --> 00:28:29.180
 of his disciples.

00:28:29.900 --> 00:28:30.560
 And then he says

00:28:30.560 --> 00:28:31.240
 to his disciples,

00:28:31.240 --> 00:28:32.480
 Do you understand

00:28:32.480 --> 00:28:33.519
 what I have done to you?

00:28:33.599 --> 00:28:35.039
 You call me teacher and Lord

00:28:35.039 --> 00:28:35.740
 and you are right

00:28:35.740 --> 00:28:36.620
 for so I am.

00:28:37.000 --> 00:28:37.759
 If I then,

00:28:37.859 --> 00:28:38.880
 your Lord and teacher,

00:28:39.079 --> 00:28:40.220
 have washed your feet,

00:28:40.400 --> 00:28:41.559
 you also ought to wash

00:28:41.559 --> 00:28:42.420
 one another's feet.

00:28:42.779 --> 00:28:43.599
 For I have given you

00:28:43.599 --> 00:28:44.200
 an example

00:28:44.200 --> 00:28:45.240
 that you also should do

00:28:45.240 --> 00:28:46.519
 just as I have done to you.

00:28:47.519 --> 00:28:48.839
 So if Jesus said

00:28:48.839 --> 00:28:49.559
 to his disciples,

00:28:49.759 --> 00:28:51.000
 You also should do

00:28:51.000 --> 00:28:53.160
 just as I have done to you,

00:28:53.420 --> 00:28:54.140
 does that mean

00:28:54.140 --> 00:28:54.920
 we should wash

00:28:54.920 --> 00:28:55.960
 one another's feet?

00:28:55.960 --> 00:28:59.200
 Then how come Christians

00:28:59.200 --> 00:29:00.240
 don't wash

00:29:00.240 --> 00:29:01.440
 one another's feet anymore?

00:29:02.460 --> 00:29:03.600
 Jesus and his disciples

00:29:03.600 --> 00:29:05.759
 lived in a desert climate

00:29:05.759 --> 00:29:06.579
 and a culture

00:29:06.579 --> 00:29:07.519
 where people wore

00:29:07.519 --> 00:29:08.380
 shoddy sandals.

00:29:08.860 --> 00:29:09.660
 So walking around

00:29:09.660 --> 00:29:10.480
 the dusty roads

00:29:10.480 --> 00:29:11.579
 in their times

00:29:11.579 --> 00:29:13.279
 inevitably made one's feet

00:29:13.279 --> 00:29:14.279
 filthy by the end

00:29:14.279 --> 00:29:14.660
 of the day.

00:29:14.779 --> 00:29:15.660
 So it was customary

00:29:15.660 --> 00:29:16.779
 for hosts to arrange

00:29:16.779 --> 00:29:17.579
 for the foot washing

00:29:17.579 --> 00:29:18.279
 of their guests.

00:29:18.840 --> 00:29:19.840
 Of course the foot washing

00:29:19.840 --> 00:29:20.400
 was considered

00:29:20.400 --> 00:29:21.319
 a demeaning task

00:29:21.319 --> 00:29:22.559
 so only slaves

00:29:22.559 --> 00:29:23.579
 were thought worthy

00:29:23.579 --> 00:29:24.640
 to do such a task.

00:29:24.640 --> 00:29:27.040
 But Jesus does it himself

00:29:27.040 --> 00:29:28.420
 and washes his disciples' feet

00:29:28.420 --> 00:29:29.000
 as a gesture

00:29:29.000 --> 00:29:30.140
 of humility and love.

00:29:30.640 --> 00:29:32.740
 And that is the abiding principle

00:29:32.740 --> 00:29:33.720
 that lies behind

00:29:33.720 --> 00:29:34.420
 the practice

00:29:34.420 --> 00:29:35.720
 of the cultural practice

00:29:35.720 --> 00:29:36.180
 of washing

00:29:36.180 --> 00:29:37.000
 one another's feet.

00:29:37.720 --> 00:29:39.160
 And so foot washing

00:29:39.160 --> 00:29:39.840
 was symbolic

00:29:39.840 --> 00:29:40.440
 and we know that

00:29:40.440 --> 00:29:41.520
 because Jesus didn't do this

00:29:41.520 --> 00:29:42.040
 all the time.

00:29:42.100 --> 00:29:42.840
 This is the only time

00:29:42.840 --> 00:29:43.740
 he did it

00:29:43.740 --> 00:29:45.000
 and to show

00:29:45.000 --> 00:29:46.040
 to teach

00:29:46.040 --> 00:29:47.060
 as a way of teaching

00:29:47.060 --> 00:29:47.580
 his disciples.

00:29:48.280 --> 00:29:49.160
 And so the foot washing

00:29:49.160 --> 00:29:49.840
 in and of itself

00:29:49.840 --> 00:29:51.240
 is not what is required

00:29:51.240 --> 00:29:51.759
 of Christians

00:29:51.759 --> 00:29:52.900
 but the posture

00:29:52.900 --> 00:29:54.140
 of humble service

00:29:54.140 --> 00:29:55.340
 that is required

00:29:55.340 --> 00:29:56.360
 of Christians.

00:29:57.000 --> 00:29:57.440
 So likewise

00:29:57.440 --> 00:29:58.660
 because this context

00:29:58.660 --> 00:29:59.180
 that we're looking at

00:29:59.180 --> 00:30:00.200
 here in 1 Corinthians 11

00:30:00.200 --> 00:30:01.300
 suggests that Paul's

00:30:01.300 --> 00:30:02.660
 commending a practice

00:30:02.660 --> 00:30:03.420
 for the sake

00:30:03.420 --> 00:30:04.360
 of the principle

00:30:04.360 --> 00:30:05.800
 so even if we don't

00:30:05.800 --> 00:30:06.620
 go out to buy

00:30:06.620 --> 00:30:07.900
 headscarves today

00:30:07.900 --> 00:30:09.300
 we need to think about

00:30:09.300 --> 00:30:10.300
 how we can

00:30:10.300 --> 00:30:11.320
 worship in a way

00:30:11.320 --> 00:30:11.820
 that displays

00:30:11.820 --> 00:30:12.520
 that complementing

00:30:12.520 --> 00:30:12.960
 relationship

00:30:12.960 --> 00:30:13.720
 between men and women.

00:30:13.880 --> 00:30:15.480
 How we can preserve

00:30:15.480 --> 00:30:16.860
 the unchanging principle.

00:30:18.640 --> 00:30:20.080
 I thought about this

00:30:20.080 --> 00:30:20.540
 a little bit

00:30:20.540 --> 00:30:21.360
 and at the very least

00:30:21.359 --> 00:30:22.219
 I think that means

00:30:22.219 --> 00:30:23.479
 men should not

00:30:23.479 --> 00:30:24.299
 wear a dress

00:30:24.299 --> 00:30:25.539
 and that women

00:30:25.539 --> 00:30:26.339
 should not wear

00:30:26.339 --> 00:30:27.159
 a suit and tie

00:30:27.159 --> 00:30:28.000
 when they lead prayers

00:30:28.000 --> 00:30:28.479
 of the people

00:30:28.479 --> 00:30:29.199
 during the service.

00:30:31.059 --> 00:30:32.219
 I think it may also

00:30:32.219 --> 00:30:32.899
 mean that a man

00:30:32.899 --> 00:30:33.579
 should not wear

00:30:33.579 --> 00:30:34.299
 his hair long

00:30:34.299 --> 00:30:34.919
 like a woman

00:30:34.919 --> 00:30:36.119
 and that a woman

00:30:36.119 --> 00:30:37.059
 should not sport

00:30:37.059 --> 00:30:37.639
 a crew cut

00:30:37.639 --> 00:30:38.240
 when they read

00:30:38.240 --> 00:30:39.039
 scripture publicly

00:30:39.039 --> 00:30:39.879
 during the service

00:30:39.879 --> 00:30:40.619
 and vice versa.

00:30:40.619 --> 00:30:43.299
 I understand that

00:30:43.299 --> 00:30:44.339
 this is a difficult

00:30:44.339 --> 00:30:46.279
 message to accept

00:30:46.279 --> 00:30:46.819
 for our time.

00:30:48.759 --> 00:30:49.919
 Just please stay with me

00:30:49.919 --> 00:30:51.579
 because I know that

00:30:51.579 --> 00:30:52.799
 it's hard for you to hear

00:30:52.799 --> 00:30:53.639
 but if it's hard for you

00:30:53.639 --> 00:30:54.099
 to hear it

00:30:54.099 --> 00:30:55.299
 it's probably harder

00:30:55.299 --> 00:30:56.859
 for me to say it

00:30:56.859 --> 00:30:59.219
 because I mean

00:30:59.219 --> 00:31:00.059
 I don't want to

00:31:00.059 --> 00:31:00.359
 you know

00:31:00.359 --> 00:31:01.679
 just scare everybody

00:31:01.679 --> 00:31:02.459
 away in church

00:31:02.459 --> 00:31:04.419
 but I teach it

00:31:04.419 --> 00:31:04.799
 nevertheless

00:31:04.799 --> 00:31:05.279
 because I know

00:31:05.279 --> 00:31:05.959
 that God's word

00:31:05.959 --> 00:31:06.419
 is true

00:31:06.419 --> 00:31:07.759
 and that his vision

00:31:07.759 --> 00:31:08.819
 for us is better

00:31:08.819 --> 00:31:09.980
 and more beautiful

00:31:09.980 --> 00:31:11.139
 than our own visions

00:31:11.139 --> 00:31:12.399
 of how life should be.

00:31:13.679 --> 00:31:15.039
 So in verses 2-6

00:31:15.039 --> 00:31:16.079
 Paul appealed

00:31:16.079 --> 00:31:16.759
 to the culture

00:31:16.759 --> 00:31:17.579
 to teach that

00:31:17.579 --> 00:31:18.419
 Christians ought to

00:31:18.419 --> 00:31:19.179
 worship in a way

00:31:19.179 --> 00:31:19.779
 that displays

00:31:19.779 --> 00:31:20.740
 a complementary relationship

00:31:20.740 --> 00:31:21.460
 between man and woman.

00:31:21.759 --> 00:31:22.960
 That's the longest point

00:31:22.960 --> 00:31:23.960
 so stay with me.

00:31:24.379 --> 00:31:25.740
 Now in verses 7-12

00:31:25.740 --> 00:31:26.399
 Paul roots

00:31:26.399 --> 00:31:27.559
 the complementary relationship

00:31:27.559 --> 00:31:28.299
 between man and woman

00:31:28.299 --> 00:31:29.099
 in creation.

00:31:30.200 --> 00:31:31.480
 He writes in verse 7

00:31:31.480 --> 00:31:32.539
 For a man

00:31:32.539 --> 00:31:33.960
 ought not to cover his head

00:31:33.960 --> 00:31:35.259
 since he is the image

00:31:35.259 --> 00:31:36.259
 and glory of God

00:31:36.259 --> 00:31:37.759
 but woman is the glory

00:31:37.759 --> 00:31:38.419
 of man.

00:31:39.279 --> 00:31:39.619
 Now

00:31:39.619 --> 00:31:40.819
 at first glance

00:31:40.819 --> 00:31:41.500
 this appears

00:31:41.500 --> 00:31:42.599
 incredibly offensive

00:31:42.599 --> 00:31:43.759
 and misogynistic

00:31:43.759 --> 00:31:45.059
 but if we consider

00:31:45.059 --> 00:31:46.059
 the verse more carefully

00:31:46.059 --> 00:31:47.079
 that is not at all

00:31:47.079 --> 00:31:47.679
 the case.

00:31:48.159 --> 00:31:48.460
 First

00:31:48.460 --> 00:31:49.460
 Paul is certainly

00:31:49.460 --> 00:31:50.159
 not saying

00:31:50.159 --> 00:31:51.059
 that only man

00:31:51.059 --> 00:31:52.000
 and not a woman

00:31:52.000 --> 00:31:52.879
 is created

00:31:52.879 --> 00:31:53.639
 in the image of God.

00:31:54.319 --> 00:31:55.659
 Genesis 1-27

00:31:55.659 --> 00:31:56.839
 teaches very clearly

00:31:56.839 --> 00:31:58.480
 so God created man

00:31:58.480 --> 00:31:59.279
 in his own image

00:31:59.279 --> 00:32:00.379
 in the image of God

00:32:00.379 --> 00:32:01.379
 he created him

00:32:01.379 --> 00:32:03.339
 male and female

00:32:03.339 --> 00:32:04.980
 he created them.

00:32:05.559 --> 00:32:06.939
 All of humanity

00:32:06.939 --> 00:32:08.339
 male and female

00:32:08.339 --> 00:32:09.919
 is created

00:32:09.919 --> 00:32:11.099
 in the image

00:32:11.099 --> 00:32:11.779
 of God

00:32:11.779 --> 00:32:12.819
 and that's why

00:32:12.819 --> 00:32:14.220
 Paul's very careful

00:32:14.220 --> 00:32:15.000
 not to say

00:32:15.000 --> 00:32:16.059
 here in this verse

00:32:16.059 --> 00:32:16.679
 that woman

00:32:16.679 --> 00:32:17.759
 is the image

00:32:17.759 --> 00:32:18.779
 and glory of man.

00:32:19.220 --> 00:32:19.819
 He just says

00:32:19.819 --> 00:32:20.119
 that woman

00:32:20.119 --> 00:32:21.159
 is the glory of man

00:32:21.159 --> 00:32:21.980
 because the woman

00:32:21.980 --> 00:32:22.639
 is not made

00:32:22.639 --> 00:32:23.579
 in the image of man.

00:32:24.079 --> 00:32:24.539
 Man and woman

00:32:24.539 --> 00:32:25.179
 are both made

00:32:25.179 --> 00:32:26.019
 in the image of God.

00:32:27.019 --> 00:32:28.000
 And then secondly

00:32:28.000 --> 00:32:28.980
 Paul does not mean

00:32:28.980 --> 00:32:29.480
 by the statement

00:32:29.480 --> 00:32:30.299
 that only man

00:32:30.299 --> 00:32:31.379
 brings glory to God

00:32:31.379 --> 00:32:32.000
 and that woman

00:32:32.000 --> 00:32:33.079
 can only bring glory

00:32:33.079 --> 00:32:33.459
 to man

00:32:33.459 --> 00:32:34.159
 and not to God.

00:32:34.160 --> 00:32:35.600
 What Paul has in view

00:32:35.600 --> 00:32:36.460
 is the ordering

00:32:36.460 --> 00:32:37.380
 of the relationship.

00:32:38.140 --> 00:32:38.980
 Certainly both man

00:32:38.980 --> 00:32:39.259
 and woman

00:32:39.259 --> 00:32:40.220
 are accountable to God

00:32:40.220 --> 00:32:40.860
 and both man

00:32:40.860 --> 00:32:41.160
 and woman

00:32:41.160 --> 00:32:42.220
 bring glory to God.

00:32:42.340 --> 00:32:43.200
 He just told

00:32:43.200 --> 00:32:44.279
 all men and women

00:32:44.279 --> 00:32:45.160
 in the previous

00:32:45.160 --> 00:32:46.779
 at the end of chapter 10

00:32:46.779 --> 00:32:47.480
 that we should do

00:32:47.480 --> 00:32:48.060
 all things

00:32:48.060 --> 00:32:48.920
 to the glory of God

00:32:48.920 --> 00:32:49.360
 that includes

00:32:49.360 --> 00:32:50.259
 both men and women.

00:32:51.240 --> 00:32:52.420
 But what he's referring to

00:32:52.420 --> 00:32:52.759
 is the fact

00:32:52.759 --> 00:32:53.640
 that God created

00:32:53.640 --> 00:32:54.120
 the woman

00:32:54.120 --> 00:32:55.300
 to help the man

00:32:55.300 --> 00:32:55.960
 in his mission.

00:32:56.420 --> 00:32:57.420
 Genesis 2-18

00:32:57.420 --> 00:32:58.660
 God says

00:32:58.660 --> 00:32:59.880
 it is not good

00:32:59.880 --> 00:33:00.500
 that the man

00:33:00.500 --> 00:33:01.200
 should be alone.

00:33:01.720 --> 00:33:02.519
 I will make him

00:33:02.519 --> 00:33:04.039
 a helper fit for him.

00:33:04.619 --> 00:33:05.940
 In Genesis 1

00:33:05.940 --> 00:33:06.539
 God saw

00:33:06.539 --> 00:33:07.859
 that all of his creation

00:33:07.859 --> 00:33:08.879
 was good.

00:33:09.259 --> 00:33:10.259
 The only thing

00:33:10.259 --> 00:33:11.119
 in the creation narrative

00:33:11.119 --> 00:33:11.920
 that he's called

00:33:11.920 --> 00:33:12.700
 not good

00:33:12.700 --> 00:33:13.740
 is the man

00:33:13.740 --> 00:33:14.460
 being alone.

00:33:15.339 --> 00:33:16.019
 So that man

00:33:16.019 --> 00:33:16.920
 was lonesome

00:33:16.920 --> 00:33:18.019
 and incomplete

00:33:18.019 --> 00:33:19.519
 on his own.

00:33:19.960 --> 00:33:20.960
 So God creates

00:33:20.960 --> 00:33:21.500
 a woman.

00:33:21.980 --> 00:33:23.180
 And when the first man

00:33:23.180 --> 00:33:24.139
 meets the first woman

00:33:24.139 --> 00:33:25.279
 in Genesis 2-23

00:33:25.279 --> 00:33:26.500
 the man erupts

00:33:26.500 --> 00:33:28.000
 in poetic praise

00:33:28.000 --> 00:33:28.759
 and he says

00:33:28.759 --> 00:33:30.319
 this at last

00:33:30.319 --> 00:33:31.740
 is bone of my bones

00:33:31.740 --> 00:33:33.140
 and flesh of my flesh

00:33:33.140 --> 00:33:34.980
 she shall be called woman

00:33:34.980 --> 00:33:36.200
 because she was taken

00:33:36.200 --> 00:33:37.019
 out of man.

00:33:37.660 --> 00:33:39.279
 For this reason

00:33:39.279 --> 00:33:40.559
 the very existence

00:33:40.559 --> 00:33:41.900
 of the woman

00:33:41.900 --> 00:33:43.640
 is to the man's glory.

00:33:44.700 --> 00:33:46.259
 It's like Proverbs 12-4

00:33:46.259 --> 00:33:46.759
 which says

00:33:46.759 --> 00:33:48.160
 that an excellent wife

00:33:48.160 --> 00:33:49.240
 is the crown

00:33:49.240 --> 00:33:50.180
 of her husband.

00:33:51.019 --> 00:33:52.240
 In a more general way

00:33:52.240 --> 00:33:53.380
 the woman brings

00:33:53.380 --> 00:33:54.299
 honor and glory

00:33:54.299 --> 00:33:55.019
 to the man.

00:33:55.440 --> 00:33:56.420
 Man glories

00:33:56.420 --> 00:33:58.200
 in what a woman is.

00:33:58.200 --> 00:34:00.299
 And then Paul

00:34:00.299 --> 00:34:01.580
 unpacks this creation

00:34:01.580 --> 00:34:02.080
 order further

00:34:02.080 --> 00:34:03.019
 in verses 8-9.

00:34:03.180 --> 00:34:04.080
 I mentioned earlier

00:34:04.080 --> 00:34:04.900
 that the word head

00:34:04.900 --> 00:34:05.580
 means both

00:34:05.580 --> 00:34:06.960
 has the both nuances

00:34:06.960 --> 00:34:07.559
 of source

00:34:07.559 --> 00:34:08.380
 and authority.

00:34:08.519 --> 00:34:08.960
 We see that

00:34:08.960 --> 00:34:10.280
 in verses 8-9.

00:34:10.720 --> 00:34:11.840
 First in verse 8

00:34:11.840 --> 00:34:12.159
 it says

00:34:12.159 --> 00:34:13.260
 for man was not

00:34:13.260 --> 00:34:14.440
 made from woman

00:34:14.440 --> 00:34:15.760
 but woman from man

00:34:15.760 --> 00:34:16.360
 that captures

00:34:16.360 --> 00:34:17.340
 the idea of source

00:34:17.340 --> 00:34:18.320
 and according to

00:34:18.320 --> 00:34:19.900
 Genesis 2-7

00:34:19.900 --> 00:34:20.300
 and 22

00:34:20.300 --> 00:34:21.139
 God created man

00:34:21.139 --> 00:34:21.659
 from the dust

00:34:21.659 --> 00:34:22.059
 of the earth

00:34:22.059 --> 00:34:22.960
 but then he created

00:34:22.960 --> 00:34:23.780
 woman from

00:34:23.780 --> 00:34:24.760
 the man's rib.

00:34:25.960 --> 00:34:26.720
 And so in that sense

00:34:26.719 --> 00:34:28.179
 the woman was from man.

00:34:28.539 --> 00:34:29.519
 And then in verse 9

00:34:29.519 --> 00:34:29.859
 it says

00:34:29.859 --> 00:34:30.719
 neither was man

00:34:30.719 --> 00:34:32.059
 created for woman

00:34:32.059 --> 00:34:33.779
 but woman for man.

00:34:34.299 --> 00:34:35.480
 The woman was created

00:34:35.480 --> 00:34:36.539
 as man's helper

00:34:36.539 --> 00:34:37.719
 and is oriented

00:34:37.719 --> 00:34:38.699
 toward him.

00:34:39.119 --> 00:34:40.059
 And this is where

00:34:40.059 --> 00:34:41.039
 the idea of the man's

00:34:41.039 --> 00:34:41.879
 headship and the woman's

00:34:41.879 --> 00:34:42.739
 helpership comes from.

00:34:42.799 --> 00:34:43.399
 It goes all the way

00:34:43.399 --> 00:34:44.159
 back to creation.

00:34:44.699 --> 00:34:45.339
 And the fact that

00:34:45.339 --> 00:34:46.139
 woman was created

00:34:46.139 --> 00:34:47.859
 for man

00:34:47.859 --> 00:34:48.679
 conveys the idea

00:34:48.679 --> 00:34:49.579
 of man's leadership

00:34:49.579 --> 00:34:50.480
 and authority.

00:34:51.279 --> 00:34:51.939
 So just as

00:34:51.939 --> 00:34:52.919
 in a thoughtfully

00:34:52.919 --> 00:34:53.759
 packaged furniture

00:34:53.759 --> 00:34:54.539
 when you buy it

00:34:54.539 --> 00:34:55.500
 and it comes

00:34:55.500 --> 00:34:56.219
 there's a rationale

00:34:56.219 --> 00:34:57.399
 for the way

00:34:57.399 --> 00:34:58.279
 in which it is

00:34:58.279 --> 00:34:59.359
 ordered and packaged

00:34:59.359 --> 00:35:00.439
 because certain things

00:35:00.439 --> 00:35:01.319
 have to come out first

00:35:01.319 --> 00:35:02.179
 and be organized

00:35:02.179 --> 00:35:03.679
 and assembled first

00:35:03.679 --> 00:35:04.399
 for the other parts

00:35:04.399 --> 00:35:04.799
 to fit.

00:35:05.239 --> 00:35:06.419
 So in a similar way

00:35:06.419 --> 00:35:07.959
 Paul sees a divine

00:35:07.959 --> 00:35:08.559
 rationale

00:35:08.559 --> 00:35:09.879
 and design

00:35:09.879 --> 00:35:10.599
 in the fact

00:35:10.599 --> 00:35:11.519
 that man is the

00:35:11.519 --> 00:35:11.959
 head of the woman

00:35:11.959 --> 00:35:12.779
 that man was created

00:35:12.779 --> 00:35:13.579
 first and the woman

00:35:13.579 --> 00:35:14.339
 was created from

00:35:14.339 --> 00:35:14.719
 the woman

00:35:14.719 --> 00:35:16.000
 that he was the source.

00:35:17.099 --> 00:35:18.000
 And this creation

00:35:18.000 --> 00:35:19.059
 order is why

00:35:19.059 --> 00:35:19.679
 as Paul says

00:35:19.679 --> 00:35:20.299
 in verse 10

00:35:20.299 --> 00:35:21.699
 a wife ought to have

00:35:21.699 --> 00:35:22.599
 a symbol of authority

00:35:22.599 --> 00:35:23.039
 on her head

00:35:23.039 --> 00:35:24.719
 because of the angels.

00:35:24.719 --> 00:35:25.879
 And the verse

00:35:25.879 --> 00:35:26.519
 literally says

00:35:26.519 --> 00:35:27.759
 a wife ought to have

00:35:27.759 --> 00:35:28.899
 authority on her head.

00:35:29.759 --> 00:35:30.679
 That parallels

00:35:30.679 --> 00:35:31.319
 verse 7

00:35:31.319 --> 00:35:31.679
 which says

00:35:31.679 --> 00:35:32.879
 a man ought not

00:35:32.879 --> 00:35:33.879
 to cover his head.

00:35:34.359 --> 00:35:35.500
 That parallel structure

00:35:35.500 --> 00:35:36.159
 as well as

00:35:36.159 --> 00:35:37.299
 all of verses 8 to 9

00:35:37.299 --> 00:35:38.059
 which gave the reason

00:35:38.059 --> 00:35:38.679
 for why a woman

00:35:38.679 --> 00:35:39.579
 should cover her head

00:35:39.579 --> 00:35:41.059
 during praying

00:35:41.059 --> 00:35:41.759
 or prophesying

00:35:41.759 --> 00:35:42.699
 shows us that

00:35:42.699 --> 00:35:43.319
 this is what

00:35:43.319 --> 00:35:44.259
 verse 10 means

00:35:44.259 --> 00:35:44.939
 that it's referring

00:35:44.939 --> 00:35:45.759
 to the sign

00:35:45.759 --> 00:35:46.679
 of the man's authority

00:35:46.679 --> 00:35:47.839
 over the woman

00:35:47.839 --> 00:35:49.099
 his headship

00:35:49.099 --> 00:35:49.639
 over the woman.

00:35:51.019 --> 00:35:51.619
 And so then

00:35:51.619 --> 00:35:52.739
 this head covering

00:35:52.739 --> 00:35:54.439
 by woman wearing it

00:35:54.439 --> 00:35:55.059
 and by man

00:35:55.059 --> 00:35:55.779
 not wearing it

00:35:55.779 --> 00:35:56.259
 is intended

00:35:56.259 --> 00:35:56.859
 to display

00:35:56.859 --> 00:35:57.599
 the complementarian

00:35:57.599 --> 00:35:58.159
 relationship

00:35:58.159 --> 00:35:58.899
 between them

00:35:58.899 --> 00:35:59.500
 in the context

00:35:59.500 --> 00:36:00.819
 of corporate worship.

00:36:01.339 --> 00:36:01.819
 And the fact

00:36:01.819 --> 00:36:02.719
 that Paul appeals

00:36:02.719 --> 00:36:03.819
 to God's creation

00:36:03.819 --> 00:36:04.979
 is so significant

00:36:04.979 --> 00:36:07.059
 because that means

00:36:07.059 --> 00:36:08.459
 that this complementarian

00:36:08.459 --> 00:36:08.899
 relationship

00:36:08.899 --> 00:36:09.619
 between man and woman

00:36:09.619 --> 00:36:10.759
 is not the result

00:36:10.759 --> 00:36:11.399
 of the fall.

00:36:12.379 --> 00:36:13.419
 It's not a result

00:36:13.419 --> 00:36:14.259
 of human sin

00:36:14.259 --> 00:36:14.779
 and corruption.

00:36:15.079 --> 00:36:16.279
 It's part of God's

00:36:16.279 --> 00:36:17.139
 original design

00:36:17.139 --> 00:36:17.699
 and creation.

00:36:18.939 --> 00:36:19.719
 So even though

00:36:19.719 --> 00:36:20.299
 a head covering

00:36:20.299 --> 00:36:21.799
 might be culturally relative

00:36:21.800 --> 00:36:22.960
 what the head covering

00:36:22.960 --> 00:36:23.480
 represents

00:36:23.480 --> 00:36:25.360
 is not culturally relative.

00:36:26.000 --> 00:36:26.940
 So Christians

00:36:26.940 --> 00:36:27.740
 ought to worship

00:36:27.740 --> 00:36:28.160
 in a way

00:36:28.160 --> 00:36:28.900
 that displays

00:36:28.900 --> 00:36:29.640
 the complementarian

00:36:29.640 --> 00:36:30.260
 relationship

00:36:30.260 --> 00:36:31.400
 in our own

00:36:31.400 --> 00:36:32.500
 culturally appropriate way.

00:36:33.320 --> 00:36:33.880
 And then at the end

00:36:33.880 --> 00:36:34.519
 of verse 10

00:36:34.519 --> 00:36:35.680
 for added emphasis

00:36:35.680 --> 00:36:36.600
 Paul adds

00:36:36.600 --> 00:36:37.680
 a surprising reason

00:36:37.680 --> 00:36:38.660
 for why men and women

00:36:38.660 --> 00:36:39.180
 should observe

00:36:39.180 --> 00:36:40.100
 these customs.

00:36:40.519 --> 00:36:40.800
 He says

00:36:40.800 --> 00:36:42.880
 because of the angels.

00:36:44.320 --> 00:36:45.160
 Because this mention

00:36:45.160 --> 00:36:45.960
 is so brief

00:36:45.960 --> 00:36:46.740
 and the context

00:36:46.740 --> 00:36:47.320
 doesn't provide

00:36:47.320 --> 00:36:48.120
 too many clues

00:36:48.120 --> 00:36:48.680
 it's difficult

00:36:48.680 --> 00:36:49.220
 to ascertain

00:36:49.220 --> 00:36:49.820
 what it means.

00:36:50.180 --> 00:36:50.740
 But earlier

00:36:50.740 --> 00:36:51.519
 in chapter 4

00:36:51.519 --> 00:36:52.039
 verse 9

00:36:52.039 --> 00:36:52.639
 Paul mentioned

00:36:52.639 --> 00:36:53.800
 that he and the apostles

00:36:53.800 --> 00:36:54.900
 in their suffering

00:36:54.900 --> 00:36:55.920
 witness to Christ

00:36:55.920 --> 00:36:57.739
 they're exhibited

00:36:57.739 --> 00:36:58.519
 to the world

00:36:58.519 --> 00:36:59.639
 and to angels

00:36:59.639 --> 00:37:00.500
 and to men.

00:37:01.280 --> 00:37:01.820
 And then similarly

00:37:01.820 --> 00:37:03.380
 in 1 Timothy 6.21

00:37:03.380 --> 00:37:04.159
 Paul writes

00:37:04.159 --> 00:37:04.639
 to Timothy

00:37:04.639 --> 00:37:05.179
 in the presence

00:37:05.179 --> 00:37:05.639
 of God

00:37:05.639 --> 00:37:06.480
 and of Christ Jesus

00:37:06.480 --> 00:37:08.380
 and of the elect angels

00:37:08.380 --> 00:37:09.559
 I charge you

00:37:09.559 --> 00:37:10.599
 to keep these rules

00:37:10.599 --> 00:37:11.500
 without prejudging

00:37:11.500 --> 00:37:12.280
 doing nothing

00:37:12.280 --> 00:37:13.780
 from partiality.

00:37:14.219 --> 00:37:14.820
 So Paul

00:37:14.820 --> 00:37:15.820
 I think is simply

00:37:15.820 --> 00:37:16.440
 saying here

00:37:16.440 --> 00:37:16.980
 that even

00:37:16.980 --> 00:37:17.960
 the angels

00:37:17.960 --> 00:37:18.679
 of God

00:37:18.679 --> 00:37:19.860
 are watching

00:37:19.860 --> 00:37:20.940
 to ensure

00:37:20.940 --> 00:37:21.760
 that we honor

00:37:21.760 --> 00:37:22.760
 this God

00:37:22.760 --> 00:37:23.500
 given order

00:37:23.500 --> 00:37:24.800
 by upholding

00:37:24.800 --> 00:37:25.700
 the creational order

00:37:25.700 --> 00:37:26.240
 when we are

00:37:26.240 --> 00:37:26.880
 worshipping him

00:37:26.880 --> 00:37:27.900
 when worshipping God.

00:37:28.579 --> 00:37:29.440
 And because of this

00:37:29.440 --> 00:37:29.820
 reason

00:37:29.820 --> 00:37:30.660
 Paul says

00:37:30.660 --> 00:37:31.400
 Christians ought to

00:37:31.400 --> 00:37:32.019
 worship in a way

00:37:32.019 --> 00:37:32.640
 that displays

00:37:32.640 --> 00:37:33.460
 that complementarian

00:37:33.460 --> 00:37:33.900
 relationship

00:37:33.900 --> 00:37:34.700
 between man and woman.

00:37:35.760 --> 00:37:36.480
 But as Paul

00:37:36.480 --> 00:37:37.320
 continues to hammer

00:37:37.320 --> 00:37:38.059
 home this point

00:37:38.059 --> 00:37:39.480
 he is aware

00:37:39.480 --> 00:37:40.240
 very aware

00:37:40.240 --> 00:37:41.000
 that his teaching

00:37:41.000 --> 00:37:41.800
 can be easily

00:37:41.800 --> 00:37:42.460
 misunderstood

00:37:42.460 --> 00:37:43.559
 distorted

00:37:43.559 --> 00:37:44.500
 and abused

00:37:44.500 --> 00:37:45.460
 as it has been

00:37:45.460 --> 00:37:46.340
 countless times

00:37:46.340 --> 00:37:47.440
 throughout human history.

00:37:47.440 --> 00:37:49.579
 And so he issues

00:37:49.579 --> 00:37:50.860
 a very strong

00:37:50.860 --> 00:37:51.500
 qualification

00:37:51.500 --> 00:37:52.840
 in verses 11 to 12.

00:37:53.460 --> 00:37:53.679
 He says

00:37:53.679 --> 00:37:54.300
 Nevertheless

00:37:54.300 --> 00:37:56.039
 in the Lord

00:37:56.039 --> 00:37:57.200
 woman is not

00:37:57.200 --> 00:37:58.240
 independent of man

00:37:58.240 --> 00:37:59.519
 nor man of woman

00:37:59.519 --> 00:38:00.380
 for as woman

00:38:00.380 --> 00:38:01.420
 was made from man

00:38:01.420 --> 00:38:02.340
 so man is now

00:38:02.340 --> 00:38:03.300
 born of woman

00:38:03.300 --> 00:38:04.820
 and all things

00:38:04.820 --> 00:38:06.159
 are from God.

00:38:07.200 --> 00:38:07.840
 So if

00:38:07.840 --> 00:38:09.220
 you're a woman

00:38:09.220 --> 00:38:09.679
 and you've been

00:38:09.679 --> 00:38:10.599
 cringing up to this point

00:38:10.599 --> 00:38:12.139
 this is your vindication.

00:38:13.559 --> 00:38:14.519
 Men should not

00:38:14.519 --> 00:38:15.659
 entertain themselves

00:38:15.659 --> 00:38:16.519
 with vain

00:38:16.519 --> 00:38:17.500
 and false notions

00:38:17.500 --> 00:38:18.279
 of superiority

00:38:18.279 --> 00:38:19.639
 just because

00:38:19.639 --> 00:38:20.359
 man is the head

00:38:20.359 --> 00:38:20.759
 of the woman

00:38:20.759 --> 00:38:21.480
 and the source

00:38:21.480 --> 00:38:21.940
 of the woman.

00:38:22.319 --> 00:38:23.019
 Yes it is true

00:38:23.019 --> 00:38:23.399
 that the woman

00:38:23.399 --> 00:38:24.079
 came from man

00:38:24.079 --> 00:38:25.359
 but ever since Adam

00:38:25.359 --> 00:38:26.980
 every single man

00:38:26.980 --> 00:38:27.619
 was born

00:38:27.619 --> 00:38:28.659
 into this world

00:38:28.659 --> 00:38:29.819
 through a woman.

00:38:31.920 --> 00:38:32.279
 Though man

00:38:32.279 --> 00:38:32.859
 had priority

00:38:32.859 --> 00:38:33.519
 in creation

00:38:33.519 --> 00:38:34.739
 woman has priority

00:38:34.739 --> 00:38:35.719
 in procreation.

00:38:36.799 --> 00:38:37.359
 Men and women

00:38:37.359 --> 00:38:38.199
 are not

00:38:38.199 --> 00:38:38.920
 independent

00:38:38.920 --> 00:38:39.699
 of each other

00:38:39.699 --> 00:38:41.000
 rather they are

00:38:41.000 --> 00:38:42.279
 interdependent.

00:38:43.279 --> 00:38:44.119
 Their differentiated

00:38:44.119 --> 00:38:44.759
 roles and duties

00:38:44.759 --> 00:38:45.639
 work together

00:38:45.639 --> 00:38:46.219
 for good

00:38:46.219 --> 00:38:47.219
 and neither

00:38:47.219 --> 00:38:47.859
 can boast

00:38:47.859 --> 00:38:48.619
 in their status

00:38:48.619 --> 00:38:49.119
 or position

00:38:49.119 --> 00:38:50.000
 because ultimately

00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:51.059
 all things

00:38:51.059 --> 00:38:52.440
 are from God.

00:38:54.279 --> 00:38:55.259
 The idea

00:38:55.259 --> 00:38:56.119
 that women

00:38:56.119 --> 00:38:56.960
 are equal to men

00:38:56.960 --> 00:38:58.319
 which we take

00:38:58.319 --> 00:38:58.759
 for granted

00:38:58.759 --> 00:38:59.259
 in our culture

00:38:59.259 --> 00:38:59.839
 the idea

00:38:59.839 --> 00:39:00.400
 that men

00:39:00.400 --> 00:39:01.000
 need women

00:39:01.000 --> 00:39:01.719
 just as much

00:39:01.719 --> 00:39:02.139
 as women

00:39:02.139 --> 00:39:02.759
 need men

00:39:02.759 --> 00:39:04.480
 it's not

00:39:04.480 --> 00:39:05.440
 a feminist idea.

00:39:06.079 --> 00:39:07.400
 It's a Christian idea.

00:39:09.539 --> 00:39:10.659
 And Paul says it here

00:39:10.659 --> 00:39:11.739
 2,000 years before

00:39:11.739 --> 00:39:12.539
 any woman's rights

00:39:12.539 --> 00:39:13.039
 activists.

00:39:13.039 --> 00:39:15.420
 And only those

00:39:15.420 --> 00:39:16.259
 who follow Christ's

00:39:16.259 --> 00:39:17.279
 example of sacrifice

00:39:17.279 --> 00:39:18.139
 and service

00:39:18.139 --> 00:39:19.099
 can live out

00:39:19.099 --> 00:39:19.820
 this ideal

00:39:19.820 --> 00:39:20.480
 which is why

00:39:20.480 --> 00:39:21.219
 Paul says

00:39:21.219 --> 00:39:22.340
 in the Lord

00:39:22.340 --> 00:39:23.320
 woman is not

00:39:23.320 --> 00:39:24.340
 independent of man

00:39:24.340 --> 00:39:25.559
 nor man of woman.

00:39:25.619 --> 00:39:26.599
 The phrase

00:39:26.599 --> 00:39:27.320
 is important

00:39:27.320 --> 00:39:28.019
 in the Lord.

00:39:28.199 --> 00:39:28.860
 It's similar to

00:39:28.860 --> 00:39:30.059
 what Paul says

00:39:30.059 --> 00:39:31.239
 in Galatians 3, 28

00:39:31.239 --> 00:39:31.900
 that there is

00:39:31.900 --> 00:39:32.639
 neither Jew

00:39:32.639 --> 00:39:33.199
 nor Greek

00:39:33.199 --> 00:39:33.940
 there is neither

00:39:33.940 --> 00:39:34.880
 slave nor free

00:39:34.880 --> 00:39:35.659
 there is no male

00:39:35.659 --> 00:39:36.300
 and female

00:39:36.300 --> 00:39:37.420
 for you are all

00:39:37.420 --> 00:39:38.719
 one in Christ

00:39:38.719 --> 00:39:39.219
 Jesus.

00:39:39.879 --> 00:39:40.980
 It's not the case

00:39:40.980 --> 00:39:41.819
 that only Christian

00:39:41.819 --> 00:39:42.519
 men are created

00:39:42.519 --> 00:39:43.019
 by God

00:39:43.019 --> 00:39:43.500
 to fulfill

00:39:43.500 --> 00:39:43.959
 their role

00:39:43.959 --> 00:39:44.419
 as heads

00:39:44.419 --> 00:39:45.299
 and it's not

00:39:45.299 --> 00:39:45.659
 the case

00:39:45.659 --> 00:39:46.319
 that only Christian

00:39:46.319 --> 00:39:47.019
 men are born

00:39:47.019 --> 00:39:47.339
 of woman.

00:39:47.480 --> 00:39:48.039
 Every man

00:39:48.039 --> 00:39:48.739
 Christian or not

00:39:48.739 --> 00:39:49.539
 is born of woman

00:39:49.539 --> 00:39:50.480
 but the reason

00:39:50.480 --> 00:39:51.359
 why Paul adds

00:39:51.359 --> 00:39:51.899
 specifically

00:39:51.899 --> 00:39:52.679
 in the Lord

00:39:52.679 --> 00:39:53.399
 is because

00:39:53.399 --> 00:39:54.259
 this kind

00:39:54.259 --> 00:39:54.859
 of unity

00:39:54.859 --> 00:39:55.679
 and diversity

00:39:55.679 --> 00:39:56.619
 equality

00:39:56.619 --> 00:39:57.639
 and distinction

00:39:57.639 --> 00:39:58.939
 can only be

00:39:58.939 --> 00:39:59.319
 achieved

00:39:59.319 --> 00:40:00.179
 among those

00:40:00.179 --> 00:40:00.799
 who are in

00:40:00.799 --> 00:40:01.299
 the Lord.

00:40:02.839 --> 00:40:03.619
 This is

00:40:03.619 --> 00:40:04.199
 objectively

00:40:04.199 --> 00:40:04.759
 verifiable

00:40:04.759 --> 00:40:05.639
 you can check

00:40:05.639 --> 00:40:06.079
 this through

00:40:06.079 --> 00:40:06.439
 history

00:40:06.440 --> 00:40:07.420
 the culture

00:40:07.420 --> 00:40:08.320
 that is not

00:40:08.320 --> 00:40:08.860
 converted

00:40:08.860 --> 00:40:09.800
 a culture

00:40:09.800 --> 00:40:10.420
 that does not

00:40:10.420 --> 00:40:10.860
 embody

00:40:10.860 --> 00:40:11.760
 Christ's

00:40:11.760 --> 00:40:12.420
 servant-like

00:40:12.420 --> 00:40:13.139
 sacrifice

00:40:13.139 --> 00:40:13.720
 and humility

00:40:13.720 --> 00:40:15.380
 always abuses

00:40:15.380 --> 00:40:16.019
 their woman.

00:40:22.380 --> 00:40:23.380
 That's why

00:40:23.380 --> 00:40:24.360
 in scripture

00:40:24.360 --> 00:40:25.900
 it doesn't

00:40:25.900 --> 00:40:26.960
 directly address

00:40:26.960 --> 00:40:28.079
 how men and

00:40:28.079 --> 00:40:28.679
 women opt to

00:40:28.679 --> 00:40:29.639
 relate in society

00:40:29.639 --> 00:40:30.240
 in general.

00:40:30.559 --> 00:40:31.139
 It never speaks

00:40:31.139 --> 00:40:31.539
 to that.

00:40:32.360 --> 00:40:32.700
 Instead

00:40:32.700 --> 00:40:33.599
 it focuses

00:40:33.599 --> 00:40:34.200
 on how

00:40:34.200 --> 00:40:35.340
 Christian men

00:40:35.340 --> 00:40:35.659
 and women

00:40:35.659 --> 00:40:36.200
 should relate

00:40:36.199 --> 00:40:36.980
 in the context

00:40:36.980 --> 00:40:37.659
 of marriage

00:40:37.659 --> 00:40:38.319
 and in the

00:40:38.319 --> 00:40:38.659
 context

00:40:38.659 --> 00:40:39.419
 of the church.

00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:40.339
 Why?

00:40:40.460 --> 00:40:40.759
 Because

00:40:40.759 --> 00:40:41.599
 it's only

00:40:41.599 --> 00:40:42.339
 possible to do

00:40:42.339 --> 00:40:42.879
 it's so hard

00:40:42.879 --> 00:40:43.159
 it's only

00:40:43.159 --> 00:40:43.960
 possible to do

00:40:43.960 --> 00:40:44.539
 when you know

00:40:44.539 --> 00:40:44.960
 Christ

00:40:44.960 --> 00:40:45.919
 when you embody

00:40:45.919 --> 00:40:46.500
 Christ's

00:40:46.500 --> 00:40:47.279
 sacrificial leadership

00:40:47.279 --> 00:40:47.899
 as men

00:40:47.899 --> 00:40:48.659
 when women

00:40:48.659 --> 00:40:49.679
 embody Christ's

00:40:49.679 --> 00:40:50.500
 humble submission

00:40:50.500 --> 00:40:51.500
 unless that

00:40:51.500 --> 00:40:51.819
 happens

00:40:51.819 --> 00:40:52.339
 this is not

00:40:52.339 --> 00:40:52.960
 possible.

00:40:58.960 --> 00:40:59.619
 So then

00:40:59.619 --> 00:41:00.299
 having appeal

00:41:00.299 --> 00:41:01.619
 to culture

00:41:01.619 --> 00:41:02.159
 and then

00:41:02.159 --> 00:41:02.899
 to creation

00:41:02.899 --> 00:41:03.939
 finally in

00:41:03.939 --> 00:41:04.779
 verse 13-15

00:41:04.780 --> 00:41:05.440
 Paul appeals

00:41:05.440 --> 00:41:05.680
 to our

00:41:05.680 --> 00:41:06.260
 consciousness

00:41:06.260 --> 00:41:07.180
 to teach

00:41:07.180 --> 00:41:07.700
 that Christians

00:41:07.700 --> 00:41:08.019
 ought to

00:41:08.019 --> 00:41:08.300
 worship

00:41:08.300 --> 00:41:08.720
 in a way

00:41:08.720 --> 00:41:09.300
 that displays

00:41:09.300 --> 00:41:09.620
 that

00:41:09.620 --> 00:41:10.080
 complementary

00:41:10.080 --> 00:41:10.780
 relationship.

00:41:11.320 --> 00:41:11.680
 Read with

00:41:11.680 --> 00:41:11.840
 me.

00:41:11.880 --> 00:41:12.240
 He writes

00:41:12.240 --> 00:41:12.840
 verse 13

00:41:12.840 --> 00:41:13.240
 and following

00:41:13.240 --> 00:41:14.380
 judge for

00:41:14.380 --> 00:41:14.920
 yourselves.

00:41:15.780 --> 00:41:15.980
 Is it

00:41:15.980 --> 00:41:16.500
 proper for

00:41:16.500 --> 00:41:16.820
 a wife

00:41:16.820 --> 00:41:17.220
 to pray

00:41:17.220 --> 00:41:17.720
 to God

00:41:17.720 --> 00:41:18.040
 with her

00:41:18.040 --> 00:41:18.220
 head

00:41:18.220 --> 00:41:18.700
 uncovered?

00:41:19.440 --> 00:41:19.680
 Does

00:41:19.680 --> 00:41:20.240
 not nature

00:41:20.240 --> 00:41:20.700
 itself

00:41:20.700 --> 00:41:21.140
 teach you

00:41:21.140 --> 00:41:21.420
 that if

00:41:21.420 --> 00:41:21.740
 a man

00:41:21.740 --> 00:41:22.460
 wears

00:41:22.460 --> 00:41:23.120
 long hair

00:41:23.120 --> 00:41:23.420
 it is a

00:41:23.420 --> 00:41:23.820
 disgrace

00:41:23.820 --> 00:41:24.180
 for him

00:41:24.180 --> 00:41:24.420
 but if

00:41:24.420 --> 00:41:24.760
 a woman

00:41:24.760 --> 00:41:25.320
 has long

00:41:25.320 --> 00:41:25.500
 hair

00:41:25.500 --> 00:41:25.800
 it is

00:41:25.800 --> 00:41:26.480
 her glory

00:41:26.480 --> 00:41:27.480
 for her

00:41:27.480 --> 00:41:27.900
 hair is

00:41:27.900 --> 00:41:28.320
 given to

00:41:28.320 --> 00:41:28.780
 her for

00:41:28.780 --> 00:41:29.240
 a cover.

00:41:29.239 --> 00:41:31.299
 By

00:41:31.299 --> 00:41:31.839
 nature

00:41:31.839 --> 00:41:32.779
 Paul does

00:41:32.779 --> 00:41:33.219
 not mean

00:41:33.219 --> 00:41:33.500
 here

00:41:33.500 --> 00:41:34.099
 biology

00:41:34.099 --> 00:41:35.019
 or natural

00:41:35.019 --> 00:41:35.419
 law

00:41:35.419 --> 00:41:36.399
 because

00:41:36.399 --> 00:41:36.959
 biology

00:41:36.959 --> 00:41:37.679
 doesn't

00:41:37.679 --> 00:41:38.079
 teach us

00:41:38.079 --> 00:41:38.339
 that if

00:41:38.339 --> 00:41:38.619
 a man

00:41:38.619 --> 00:41:38.859
 wears

00:41:38.859 --> 00:41:39.139
 long

00:41:39.139 --> 00:41:39.459
 hair

00:41:39.459 --> 00:41:40.000
 that it's

00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:40.659
 disgraceful.

00:41:41.199 --> 00:41:41.679
 Rather

00:41:41.679 --> 00:41:42.379
 Paul is

00:41:42.379 --> 00:41:42.919
 speaking of

00:41:42.919 --> 00:41:43.459
 natural

00:41:43.459 --> 00:41:44.199
 knowledge

00:41:44.199 --> 00:41:45.859
 our intuitive

00:41:45.859 --> 00:41:46.699
 understanding

00:41:46.699 --> 00:41:47.500
 of the

00:41:47.500 --> 00:41:47.979
 natural

00:41:47.979 --> 00:41:48.419
 way of

00:41:48.419 --> 00:41:48.779
 things.

00:41:49.179 --> 00:41:49.479
 He's

00:41:49.479 --> 00:41:50.000
 referring to

00:41:50.000 --> 00:41:50.159
 our

00:41:50.159 --> 00:41:50.779
 consciousness

00:41:50.779 --> 00:41:51.379
 of the

00:41:51.379 --> 00:41:51.559
 way

00:41:51.559 --> 00:41:52.019
 things

00:41:52.019 --> 00:41:52.339
 ought

00:41:52.339 --> 00:41:52.479
 to

00:41:52.479 --> 00:41:52.719
 be.

00:41:53.479 --> 00:41:53.679
 Our

00:41:53.679 --> 00:41:54.039
 common

00:41:54.039 --> 00:41:54.379
 sense

00:41:54.379 --> 00:41:54.639
 we might

00:41:54.639 --> 00:41:55.019
 call it.

00:41:55.699 --> 00:41:56.219
 Paul argues

00:41:56.219 --> 00:41:56.479
 that we

00:41:56.479 --> 00:41:56.919
 intuitively

00:41:56.919 --> 00:41:57.339
 know in

00:41:57.339 --> 00:41:57.459
 our

00:41:57.459 --> 00:41:57.879
 consciousness

00:41:57.879 --> 00:41:58.299
 that it

00:41:58.299 --> 00:41:58.719
 is appropriate

00:41:58.719 --> 00:41:59.179
 for women

00:41:59.179 --> 00:41:59.559
 to cover

00:41:59.559 --> 00:41:59.799
 their

00:41:59.799 --> 00:42:00.039
 head

00:42:00.039 --> 00:42:00.659
 and he

00:42:00.659 --> 00:42:01.159
 uses the

00:42:01.159 --> 00:42:01.599
 analogy

00:42:01.599 --> 00:42:02.119
 of hair

00:42:02.119 --> 00:42:02.599
 to prove

00:42:02.599 --> 00:42:02.759
 it.

00:42:03.139 --> 00:42:03.399
 He says

00:42:03.399 --> 00:42:04.079
 having long

00:42:04.079 --> 00:42:04.759
 hair brings

00:42:04.759 --> 00:42:05.699
 glory and

00:42:05.699 --> 00:42:06.219
 honor to

00:42:06.219 --> 00:42:06.539
 the woman

00:42:06.539 --> 00:42:07.019
 but it

00:42:07.019 --> 00:42:07.639
 brings shame

00:42:07.639 --> 00:42:08.179
 and disgrace

00:42:08.179 --> 00:42:08.599
 to the

00:42:08.599 --> 00:42:08.799
 woman.

00:42:09.379 --> 00:42:09.739
 So this

00:42:09.739 --> 00:42:10.359
 I know

00:42:10.359 --> 00:42:10.699
 some of

00:42:10.699 --> 00:42:11.039
 you guys

00:42:11.039 --> 00:42:11.319
 have

00:42:11.319 --> 00:42:12.139
 supported

00:42:12.139 --> 00:42:13.159
 some of

00:42:13.159 --> 00:42:13.519
 the men

00:42:13.519 --> 00:42:13.659
 have

00:42:13.659 --> 00:42:13.959
 supported

00:42:13.959 --> 00:42:14.219
 long

00:42:14.219 --> 00:42:14.459
 hairs

00:42:14.459 --> 00:42:14.679
 in the

00:42:14.679 --> 00:42:14.959
 past

00:42:14.959 --> 00:42:15.719
 so I'm

00:42:15.719 --> 00:42:16.079
 not trying

00:42:16.079 --> 00:42:16.439
 to condemn

00:42:16.439 --> 00:42:16.839
 you here

00:42:16.839 --> 00:42:19.019
 but thankfully

00:42:19.019 --> 00:42:19.419
 none of you

00:42:19.419 --> 00:42:19.739
 guys have

00:42:19.739 --> 00:42:20.079
 it now.

00:42:20.759 --> 00:42:21.279
 But this

00:42:21.279 --> 00:42:23.399
 is historically

00:42:23.399 --> 00:42:24.759
 verifiable.

00:42:24.959 --> 00:42:25.139
 So for

00:42:25.139 --> 00:42:25.399
 example

00:42:25.399 --> 00:42:26.379
 Kurt Sten

00:42:26.379 --> 00:42:27.459
 he is a

00:42:27.459 --> 00:42:27.679
 former

00:42:27.679 --> 00:42:28.279
 professor of

00:42:28.280 --> 00:42:28.900
 pathology and

00:42:28.900 --> 00:42:29.680
 dermatology at

00:42:29.680 --> 00:42:30.300
 Yale University

00:42:30.300 --> 00:42:30.680
 School of

00:42:30.680 --> 00:42:31.560
 Medicine and

00:42:31.560 --> 00:42:32.180
 he authored a

00:42:32.180 --> 00:42:32.840
 book entitled

00:42:32.840 --> 00:42:34.100
 Hair, A

00:42:34.100 --> 00:42:35.019
 Human History

00:42:35.019 --> 00:42:36.400
 and in it he

00:42:36.400 --> 00:42:37.120
 writes that it

00:42:37.120 --> 00:42:37.880
 is almost

00:42:37.880 --> 00:42:38.920
 universally

00:42:38.920 --> 00:42:40.060
 culturally found

00:42:40.060 --> 00:42:41.120
 that women have

00:42:41.120 --> 00:42:42.040
 longer hair than

00:42:42.040 --> 00:42:42.280
 men.

00:42:43.560 --> 00:42:44.560
 Even in cultures

00:42:44.560 --> 00:42:45.060
 where it was

00:42:45.060 --> 00:42:45.820
 acceptable for men

00:42:45.820 --> 00:42:46.300
 to have long

00:42:46.300 --> 00:42:47.320
 hair, women

00:42:47.320 --> 00:42:47.880
 generally had

00:42:47.880 --> 00:42:48.780
 longer hair than

00:42:48.780 --> 00:42:49.000
 men.

00:42:49.540 --> 00:42:50.280
 So Paul is

00:42:50.280 --> 00:42:51.320
 appealing to this

00:42:51.320 --> 00:42:52.200
 kind of universal

00:42:52.200 --> 00:42:53.320
 kind of consciousness,

00:42:53.660 --> 00:42:54.740
 awareness, common

00:42:54.740 --> 00:42:55.620
 sense of what is

00:42:55.620 --> 00:42:56.620
 appropriate for men

00:42:56.619 --> 00:42:56.940
 and women.

00:42:58.079 --> 00:42:58.699
 And the word

00:42:58.699 --> 00:42:59.679
 covering here

00:42:59.679 --> 00:43:00.579
 literally means

00:43:00.579 --> 00:43:01.199
 wraparound.

00:43:01.299 --> 00:43:01.659
 So Paul is

00:43:01.659 --> 00:43:02.480
 again making a

00:43:02.480 --> 00:43:03.500
 connection to why

00:43:03.500 --> 00:43:04.339
 women should cover

00:43:04.339 --> 00:43:04.940
 their heads during

00:43:04.940 --> 00:43:05.299
 worship.

00:43:05.759 --> 00:43:06.480
 That God gave

00:43:06.480 --> 00:43:07.819
 naturally a hair

00:43:07.819 --> 00:43:08.559
 for a covering.

00:43:08.920 --> 00:43:09.359
 So in a way,

00:43:09.460 --> 00:43:10.440
 since that's the

00:43:10.440 --> 00:43:11.359
 way, it's the

00:43:11.359 --> 00:43:12.059
 natural way of

00:43:12.059 --> 00:43:13.119
 things, since that

00:43:13.119 --> 00:43:13.619
 is the natural way

00:43:13.619 --> 00:43:13.940
 of things, the

00:43:13.940 --> 00:43:14.460
 woman should also

00:43:14.460 --> 00:43:15.279
 cover her head when

00:43:15.279 --> 00:43:15.920
 she's praying or

00:43:15.920 --> 00:43:16.779
 prophesying in public

00:43:16.779 --> 00:43:17.099
 worship.

00:43:17.420 --> 00:43:18.259
 That's Paul's

00:43:18.259 --> 00:43:19.279
 argument by

00:43:19.279 --> 00:43:19.719
 analogy.

00:43:20.779 --> 00:43:21.299
 Now at this

00:43:21.299 --> 00:43:21.839
 point, of course,

00:43:21.920 --> 00:43:22.679
 some people would

00:43:22.679 --> 00:43:23.739
 object that this

00:43:23.739 --> 00:43:24.719
 consciousness is

00:43:24.719 --> 00:43:25.939
 subjective and

00:43:25.939 --> 00:43:26.599
 that it can vary

00:43:26.599 --> 00:43:27.359
 from person to

00:43:27.359 --> 00:43:28.479
 person and from

00:43:28.479 --> 00:43:29.000
 culture to

00:43:29.000 --> 00:43:29.459
 culture.

00:43:30.239 --> 00:43:31.039
 Although that

00:43:31.039 --> 00:43:31.799
 study shows that

00:43:31.799 --> 00:43:32.359
 it doesn't vary

00:43:32.359 --> 00:43:33.679
 too much, but I

00:43:33.679 --> 00:43:34.619
 suppose it's

00:43:34.619 --> 00:43:36.339
 possible and it

00:43:36.339 --> 00:43:36.959
 is true that it

00:43:36.959 --> 00:43:37.519
 is in some degree

00:43:37.519 --> 00:43:38.059
 subjective.

00:43:40.059 --> 00:43:40.719
 But that's why

00:43:40.719 --> 00:43:41.339
 it's important that

00:43:41.339 --> 00:43:42.319
 Paul doesn't merely

00:43:42.319 --> 00:43:43.199
 appeal to our

00:43:43.199 --> 00:43:44.079
 consciousness, but he

00:43:44.079 --> 00:43:45.319
 also appeals to the

00:43:45.319 --> 00:43:46.559
 culture and most

00:43:46.559 --> 00:43:47.379
 importantly to

00:43:47.379 --> 00:43:47.939
 creation.

00:43:49.359 --> 00:43:50.099
 These three

00:43:50.099 --> 00:43:51.219
 criteria together

00:43:51.219 --> 00:43:52.339
 bear witness to

00:43:52.339 --> 00:43:52.799
 the fact that

00:43:52.799 --> 00:43:53.419
 Christians ought to

00:43:53.420 --> 00:43:54.059
 worship in a way

00:43:54.059 --> 00:43:55.039
 that displays that

00:43:55.039 --> 00:43:55.820
 complementary relation

00:43:55.820 --> 00:43:56.400
 between man and

00:43:56.400 --> 00:43:56.619
 woman.

00:43:57.260 --> 00:43:57.720
 Consciousness,

00:43:57.840 --> 00:43:58.840
 culture, creation,

00:43:58.920 --> 00:43:59.320
 three things.

00:43:59.599 --> 00:44:00.360
 We could also call

00:44:00.360 --> 00:44:01.680
 those things gender

00:44:01.680 --> 00:44:03.860
 identity, gender, and

00:44:03.860 --> 00:44:04.300
 sex.

00:44:05.220 --> 00:44:06.000
 Or we could call it

00:44:06.000 --> 00:44:06.700
 the psychological,

00:44:07.320 --> 00:44:08.700
 sociological, and

00:44:08.700 --> 00:44:10.099
 theological conceptions

00:44:10.099 --> 00:44:10.519
 of gender.

00:44:11.579 --> 00:44:12.980
 Of the three, it is

00:44:12.980 --> 00:44:13.860
 the unchanging

00:44:13.860 --> 00:44:15.420
 theological reality

00:44:15.420 --> 00:44:16.740
 rooted in God's

00:44:16.740 --> 00:44:18.180
 creation order that

00:44:18.180 --> 00:44:18.900
 is decisive.

00:44:19.340 --> 00:44:20.500
 And we must strive

00:44:20.500 --> 00:44:21.340
 to conform our

00:44:21.340 --> 00:44:22.280
 sociological and

00:44:22.280 --> 00:44:23.400
 psychological realities

00:44:23.400 --> 00:44:25.320
 to that unchanging

00:44:25.320 --> 00:44:25.800
 reality.

00:44:26.360 --> 00:44:26.860
 Unfortunately,

00:44:27.000 --> 00:44:28.000
 nowadays, the

00:44:28.000 --> 00:44:29.380
 precise opposite is

00:44:29.380 --> 00:44:29.680
 happening.

00:44:29.820 --> 00:44:30.760
 The backward thing is

00:44:30.760 --> 00:44:31.940
 happening where people

00:44:31.940 --> 00:44:32.860
 consider their own

00:44:32.860 --> 00:44:34.059
 subjective psychological

00:44:34.059 --> 00:44:35.460
 perception of

00:44:35.460 --> 00:44:36.320
 themselves and their

00:44:36.320 --> 00:44:37.360
 gender to be supreme.

00:44:37.980 --> 00:44:38.920
 And so their own

00:44:38.920 --> 00:44:39.800
 gender identity is

00:44:39.800 --> 00:44:40.000
 supreme.

00:44:40.139 --> 00:44:40.780
 So because of that,

00:44:40.840 --> 00:44:41.619
 they fight to make

00:44:41.619 --> 00:44:43.840
 society accept their

00:44:43.840 --> 00:44:44.820
 confused gender

00:44:44.820 --> 00:44:45.880
 identity, and then

00:44:45.880 --> 00:44:46.880
 they undergo even

00:44:46.880 --> 00:44:47.720
 sex reassignment

00:44:47.720 --> 00:44:48.840
 surgery to make

00:44:48.840 --> 00:44:49.960
 their biological sex

00:44:49.960 --> 00:44:50.720
 conform to their

00:44:50.720 --> 00:44:51.740
 gender identity.

00:44:51.739 --> 00:44:53.659
 instead of flailing

00:44:53.659 --> 00:44:54.619
 against God's

00:44:54.619 --> 00:44:55.779
 creative design, we

00:44:55.779 --> 00:44:56.500
 should seek to

00:44:56.500 --> 00:44:57.619
 bring our psychological

00:44:57.619 --> 00:44:58.519
 and sociological

00:44:58.519 --> 00:44:59.459
 realities into

00:44:59.459 --> 00:45:01.019
 conformity with the

00:45:01.019 --> 00:45:02.059
 theological reality

00:45:02.059 --> 00:45:03.359
 reflected in our

00:45:03.359 --> 00:45:03.859
 biology.

00:45:05.619 --> 00:45:07.579
 This issue was

00:45:07.579 --> 00:45:08.559
 contentious in Paul's

00:45:08.559 --> 00:45:09.979
 day, and it remains

00:45:09.979 --> 00:45:10.979
 contentious in our

00:45:10.979 --> 00:45:11.199
 day.

00:45:11.339 --> 00:45:12.319
 And so Paul concludes

00:45:12.319 --> 00:45:13.439
 this passage with

00:45:13.439 --> 00:45:14.119
 verse 16.

00:45:14.619 --> 00:45:15.599
 If anyone is

00:45:15.599 --> 00:45:16.379
 inclined to be

00:45:16.379 --> 00:45:17.319
 contentious, we have

00:45:17.319 --> 00:45:18.699
 no such practice, nor

00:45:18.699 --> 00:45:19.699
 do the churches of

00:45:19.699 --> 00:45:20.019
 God.

00:45:21.139 --> 00:45:22.319
 Four times throughout

00:45:22.319 --> 00:45:23.439
 this letter, Paul

00:45:23.439 --> 00:45:24.039
 corrects the

00:45:24.039 --> 00:45:25.139
 Corinthian behavior by

00:45:25.139 --> 00:45:26.319
 appealing to the

00:45:26.319 --> 00:45:27.599
 common practice of

00:45:27.599 --> 00:45:28.879
 the universal church.

00:45:29.539 --> 00:45:30.339
 And this is because

00:45:30.339 --> 00:45:31.219
 the Corinthian church

00:45:31.219 --> 00:45:31.839
 thought themselves

00:45:31.839 --> 00:45:33.079
 superior, and they

00:45:33.079 --> 00:45:34.480
 deviated from the

00:45:34.480 --> 00:45:35.739
 established practices

00:45:35.739 --> 00:45:36.599
 of the universal

00:45:36.599 --> 00:45:37.739
 church in a number of

00:45:37.739 --> 00:45:38.579
 significant ways.

00:45:39.079 --> 00:45:39.899
 And this appeal

00:45:39.899 --> 00:45:41.199
 remains forceful to

00:45:41.199 --> 00:45:42.679
 us today, because for

00:45:42.679 --> 00:45:44.059
 two millennia of

00:45:44.059 --> 00:45:45.519
 church history, every

00:45:45.519 --> 00:45:46.619
 major stream of

00:45:46.619 --> 00:45:48.699
 Christian denominations,

00:45:48.699 --> 00:45:50.199
 Catholic, Orthodox, and

00:45:50.199 --> 00:45:51.319
 Protestant, have

00:45:51.319 --> 00:45:52.019
 taught this

00:45:52.019 --> 00:45:53.039
 differentiated,

00:45:53.339 --> 00:45:54.639
 complementary roles

00:45:54.639 --> 00:45:55.399
 of men and women.

00:45:56.059 --> 00:45:57.359
 And we don't see a

00:45:57.359 --> 00:45:58.480
 major deviation from

00:45:58.480 --> 00:45:59.699
 this until the 20th

00:45:59.699 --> 00:46:00.099
 century.

00:46:00.819 --> 00:46:02.079
 If we choose to be

00:46:02.079 --> 00:46:03.079
 contentious about this

00:46:03.079 --> 00:46:04.059
 issue, then we stand

00:46:04.059 --> 00:46:06.559
 against 1,900 years of

00:46:06.559 --> 00:46:07.739
 church history and

00:46:07.739 --> 00:46:08.899
 consistent church

00:46:08.899 --> 00:46:10.019
 teaching across

00:46:10.019 --> 00:46:10.960
 cultures and

00:46:10.960 --> 00:46:11.699
 geographies.

00:46:12.799 --> 00:46:14.159
 As English writer G.K.

00:46:14.239 --> 00:46:15.219
 Chesterton puts it,

00:46:15.919 --> 00:46:16.119
 quote,

00:46:16.119 --> 00:46:17.679
 fallacies do not cease

00:46:17.679 --> 00:46:18.880
 to be fallacies because

00:46:18.880 --> 00:46:20.380
 they become fashions.

00:46:22.500 --> 00:46:23.639
 Let me ask you,

00:46:24.480 --> 00:46:25.179
 brothers and sisters,

00:46:26.420 --> 00:46:27.119
 men and women,

00:46:27.900 --> 00:46:30.259
 do you fit snugly into

00:46:30.259 --> 00:46:31.519
 God's creative design?

00:46:33.659 --> 00:46:35.259
 Do you live as a man?

00:46:36.059 --> 00:46:37.359
 Do you live as a woman?

00:46:39.359 --> 00:46:40.960
 Or do you protest it?

00:46:42.159 --> 00:46:43.400
 Do you resist it?

00:46:43.400 --> 00:46:46.760
 Do you seek to erase it?

00:46:48.700 --> 00:46:51.860
 God's plan for us is good.

00:46:52.800 --> 00:46:53.700
 And this complementary

00:46:53.700 --> 00:46:54.740
 relationship between man

00:46:54.740 --> 00:46:55.280
 and woman is not

00:46:55.280 --> 00:46:56.480
 something that we should

00:46:56.480 --> 00:46:58.119
 accept begrudgingly,

00:46:58.360 --> 00:46:59.639
 reluctantly, but it's

00:46:59.639 --> 00:47:00.440
 something that we should

00:47:00.440 --> 00:47:02.400
 celebrate and thank God

00:47:02.400 --> 00:47:02.760
 for.

00:47:05.639 --> 00:47:06.760
 I think about it this way.

00:47:06.820 --> 00:47:08.300
 I don't know if, I love

00:47:08.300 --> 00:47:09.240
 music, and I don't know if

00:47:09.240 --> 00:47:10.300
 you have ever listened to

00:47:10.300 --> 00:47:12.119
 songs where the melody and

00:47:12.119 --> 00:47:13.519
 harmony that is being

00:47:13.519 --> 00:47:15.019
 sung are so beautiful that

00:47:15.019 --> 00:47:16.019
 it gives you the shivers

00:47:16.019 --> 00:47:18.099
 or makes you want to cry.

00:47:18.859 --> 00:47:19.299
 Have you guys ever

00:47:19.299 --> 00:47:19.980
 listened to songs like

00:47:19.980 --> 00:47:20.219
 that?

00:47:20.559 --> 00:47:23.599
 I have, I think of, you

00:47:23.599 --> 00:47:24.880
 know, Simon and Garfunkel's

00:47:24.880 --> 00:47:25.859
 Sound of Silence.

00:47:28.400 --> 00:47:29.940
 Or our Boston native band

00:47:29.940 --> 00:47:30.900
 Extreme, although I don't

00:47:30.900 --> 00:47:31.559
 like any of their other

00:47:31.559 --> 00:47:32.639
 songs, More Than Words.

00:47:35.019 --> 00:47:36.219
 Or the male and female

00:47:36.219 --> 00:47:37.480
 indie folk duo, the Civil

00:47:37.480 --> 00:47:38.859
 Wars number entitled

00:47:38.859 --> 00:47:39.900
 Poison and Wine.

00:47:39.900 --> 00:47:42.059
 Listen to these.

00:47:42.119 --> 00:47:43.099
 All of these songs have

00:47:43.099 --> 00:47:44.920
 fantastic melodies, but

00:47:44.920 --> 00:47:46.480
 these songs would not have

00:47:46.480 --> 00:47:48.860
 their haunting, transcendent

00:47:48.860 --> 00:47:51.139
 beauty without the sublime

00:47:51.139 --> 00:47:51.940
 harmonies.

00:47:54.619 --> 00:47:57.160
 In a similar way, men and

00:47:57.160 --> 00:47:58.700
 women were created to be

00:47:58.700 --> 00:48:01.420
 interdependent, not

00:48:01.420 --> 00:48:02.519
 interchangeable.

00:48:02.519 --> 00:48:07.360
 And it is their unique

00:48:07.360 --> 00:48:09.219
 manhood and womanhood,

00:48:09.539 --> 00:48:10.480
 masculinity and

00:48:10.480 --> 00:48:12.320
 femininity that the truly,

00:48:12.619 --> 00:48:14.019
 in those things that the

00:48:14.019 --> 00:48:16.179
 truly transcendent beauty of

00:48:16.179 --> 00:48:18.039
 God and His creative design

00:48:18.039 --> 00:48:19.039
 comes to the fore.

00:48:22.920 --> 00:48:24.539
 For a woman who may struggle

00:48:24.539 --> 00:48:27.440
 with this, let me conclude with

00:48:27.440 --> 00:48:28.719
 a quote from Elizabeth Elliot.

00:48:28.860 --> 00:48:30.099
 She was a Christian missionary who

00:48:30.099 --> 00:48:32.519
 authored a book called Let Me Be

00:48:32.519 --> 00:48:32.900
 a Woman.

00:48:33.699 --> 00:48:35.039
 And she says this in the book.

00:48:35.860 --> 00:48:37.259
 It is a naive sort of

00:48:37.259 --> 00:48:38.779
 feminism that insists that

00:48:38.779 --> 00:48:40.239
 women prove their ability to do

00:48:40.239 --> 00:48:41.339
 all the things that men do.

00:48:42.039 --> 00:48:43.679
 This is a distortion and a

00:48:43.679 --> 00:48:44.279
 travesty.

00:48:45.299 --> 00:48:46.980
 Men have never sought to prove

00:48:46.980 --> 00:48:48.319
 that they can do all the things

00:48:48.319 --> 00:48:48.900
 women do.

00:48:49.900 --> 00:48:51.619
 Why subject women to purely

00:48:51.619 --> 00:48:52.619
 masculine criteria?

00:48:53.619 --> 00:48:55.980
 Women can and ought to be judged

00:48:55.980 --> 00:48:57.699
 by the criteria of femininity.

00:48:57.699 --> 00:49:00.019
 For it is in their femininity

00:49:00.019 --> 00:49:01.399
 that they participate in the

00:49:01.399 --> 00:49:02.039
 human race.

00:49:02.739 --> 00:49:04.139
 And femininity has its

00:49:04.139 --> 00:49:04.679
 limitations.

00:49:05.500 --> 00:49:06.819
 So has masculinity.

00:49:07.519 --> 00:49:08.939
 That is what we've been

00:49:08.939 --> 00:49:09.719
 talking about.

00:49:10.179 --> 00:49:13.099
 To do this is not to do that.

00:49:13.419 --> 00:49:16.219
 To be this is not to be that.

00:49:16.399 --> 00:49:18.500
 To be a woman is not to be a

00:49:18.500 --> 00:49:18.779
 man.

00:49:18.980 --> 00:49:20.719
 To be married is not to be

00:49:20.719 --> 00:49:21.179
 single.

00:49:21.500 --> 00:49:23.059
 To marry this man is not to

00:49:23.059 --> 00:49:24.119
 marry all the others.

00:49:24.119 --> 00:49:26.719
 A choice is a limitation.

00:49:27.699 --> 00:49:33.659
 This is difficult to accept

00:49:33.659 --> 00:49:35.139
 because of our sinfulness.

00:49:35.439 --> 00:49:36.839
 We don't like any kinds of

00:49:36.839 --> 00:49:38.199
 limitations placed on us.

00:49:38.759 --> 00:49:40.119
 And that's why we have to look

00:49:40.119 --> 00:49:41.699
 to Christ and his example to be

00:49:41.699 --> 00:49:42.639
 able to live in this way.

00:49:44.039 --> 00:49:45.759
 Philippians 2, 5-7 says,

00:49:45.879 --> 00:49:48.119
 Christ Jesus, who though he was

00:49:48.119 --> 00:49:50.699
 in the form of God, did not

00:49:50.699 --> 00:49:52.839
 count equality with God a thing

00:49:52.839 --> 00:49:54.619
 to be grasped, but emptied

00:49:54.619 --> 00:49:56.779
 himself by taking the form of a

00:49:56.780 --> 00:49:58.280
 servant, being born in the

00:49:58.280 --> 00:49:59.320
 likeness of man.

00:50:01.560 --> 00:50:03.440
 Let me address my sisters

00:50:03.440 --> 00:50:05.040
 briefly, directly.

00:50:05.480 --> 00:50:06.660
 I know this is hard for you

00:50:06.660 --> 00:50:08.420
 because a lot of men are very

00:50:08.420 --> 00:50:09.160
 immature.

00:50:10.640 --> 00:50:12.000
 They don't deserve the

00:50:12.000 --> 00:50:15.740
 respect and that you accord,

00:50:15.740 --> 00:50:17.360
 that you're being called to

00:50:17.360 --> 00:50:18.060
 accord to them.

00:50:18.059 --> 00:50:19.940
 I include myself in that.

00:50:21.900 --> 00:50:24.219
 But the sacrifice that you make

00:50:24.219 --> 00:50:28.119
 is like compared to the sacrifice

00:50:28.119 --> 00:50:32.059
 Christ himself made when he left

00:50:32.059 --> 00:50:34.420
 his divine throne to become a

00:50:34.420 --> 00:50:36.519
 human being, take on the frailty

00:50:36.519 --> 00:50:38.619
 of human flesh so that he could die

00:50:38.619 --> 00:50:41.460
 for our sins and save us.

00:50:41.460 --> 00:50:46.699
 And men, we are called to

00:50:46.699 --> 00:50:49.900
 exemplify, to follow Christ's

00:50:49.900 --> 00:50:50.840
 sacrificial leadership.

00:50:51.420 --> 00:50:52.880
 And women, we're called to

00:50:52.880 --> 00:50:55.159
 exemplify Christ's humble

00:50:55.159 --> 00:50:55.760
 submission.

00:50:56.360 --> 00:50:58.300
 It's for every Christian, it's

00:50:58.300 --> 00:51:00.900
 humility, pride that is the pathway

00:51:00.900 --> 00:51:01.400
 to glory.

00:51:01.980 --> 00:51:03.440
 And I pray that we'll be able to do

00:51:03.440 --> 00:51:03.659
 that.

00:51:04.340 --> 00:51:05.880
 So let's take a moment of silence to

00:51:05.880 --> 00:51:06.639
 reflect on this.

00:51:06.639 --> 00:51:10.960
 Ask yourself in what ways you can

00:51:10.960 --> 00:51:14.279
 fit more snugly into God's design.