WEBVTT

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 Father, some of us in the room are very smart, and others of us maybe aren't quite as smart.

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 And so first of all, Father, we ask that your Holy Spirit would help us to think as clearly and see as clearly as we possibly can.

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 But secondly and most importantly, Father, as your Holy Spirit does this deep work of us to help us to think and to listen and to think and listen and see as best we can,

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 we ask, Father, that you would humble our minds and humble our hearts and humble our wills by the moving of your Holy Spirit.

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 We confess before you, Father, that unless your Holy Spirit, unless you draw us to yourself,

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 we never can truly understand or see the scriptures or even truth and facts themselves,

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 that we are dependent, Father, upon your Holy Spirit moving in our minds and hearts and wills.

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 You know how strong our tendency to bias and ignorance and self-conceit, how strong these are, even in your people.

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 And so we ask, Father, for a mighty work of your Holy Spirit to soften our hearts, to make us good soil,

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 so that your word will truly enter into us and we will bear much fruit to bring you glory.

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 And all this we ask in the name of Jesus, your Son and our Savior. Amen.

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 Please be seated.

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 The Bible has been changed so many times over time, has been changed so many times over time that you can't trust it.

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 And even though you can't fundamentally trust the Bible, that we actually know what Mark originally wrote,

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 the little bit that we can see from Mark's gospel would be very clearly teaches us that Jesus didn't rise from the dead,

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 that that's not what Mark believed.

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 And most people believe that what fragments that we do have of Mark were the very, very first fragments which were ever written.

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 And so if, in fact, the gospel of Mark, we hardly know what it originally was,

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 but the little bit of evidence is that there was no resurrection.

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 If there was no resurrection, then it's quite understandable to believe that really Mark is telling us that Jesus didn't truly die.

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 And some of you who are guests here are wondering why on earth you came to this church on Easter Sunday.

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 But everything that I've just said are very, very common things that people tell us,

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 that people tell people like me.

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 Often they have to get comfortable with me for a while, but I can often tell just by looking at them

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 that they sort of think that I'm sort of very, very naive to actually believe anything in the Bible

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 because, as I've just said, there was different types of conspiracies by groups to change the wording of the Bible.

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 The Bible suffered under the many times it was copied, and so error after error after error crept in.

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 But even if you take into account of that, it's just very, very clear from Mark's gospel that there's no resurrection.

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 If there's no resurrection, then he didn't die on the cross.

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 It's a very, very common set of beliefs in our culture.

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 And so we're going to look at all of those things.

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 We're going to sort of try to just take some of these questions and put them a little bit in order.

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 A couple of years ago, I had a great privilege of going to a high school philosophy class,

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 the senior year of high school, grade 12.

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 And the teacher invited me in to sort of be, it was like a roast, the Christian, for an hour and a quarter.

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 And, you know, I did all right.

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 But afterwards, I've still been hoping that some teacher would invite me back to a class like that.

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 And if I could go back and do a second time, the one problem I had with the thing is that

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 the class was filled with lots of people, and they were asking lots and lots and lots of questions.

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 And there probably were a few people in the class who were asking genuine questions,

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 but most of it was just like a lot of very, very, you know, they'd actually read, you know,

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 thought about a couple of things, and they thought they could get Christians and theists with these things

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 as if nobody had ever thought of it before them.

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 But the main mistake I made is I think if I could go back in time and do it again,

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 or if I ever get asked to do it another time, I'd get them to sort of stop asking like 57 questions

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 and sort of agree on one or two or three or four, and I'd write them on the board,

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 and then I'd hold us and them to it to try to look at the questions.

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 And so I'll sort of do that a little bit this morning.

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 Let's just sort of look, first of all, at whether or not Jesus died.

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 Because obviously, if the, I mean, people are completely and utterly correct.

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 If Mark, in fact, is the earliest gospel, and if Mark tells us that Jesus didn't rise from the dead,

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 then he probably didn't die on the cross, did he?

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 I mean, he either died on the cross and something else happened,

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 or he didn't die on the cross, and it's, if there's no resurrection, maybe he didn't die.

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 Maybe he didn't die on the cross.

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 I mean, really, for agnostics and skeptics, the issue would just be, of course,

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 I mean, duh, of course, it's 2,000 years later, of course he's dead.

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 The issue is, did he die on the cross?

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 So it'd be very helpful if you take out the Bible.

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 We're going to start by looking at that.

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 And if you turn, if you don't have a Bible with you, there's a few extra ones here.

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 You're welcome to take them.

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 And please turn with me to Mark 16.

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 Actually, what we're going to do is we're going to look a little bit before Mark 16.

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 Mark chapter 15, verses 33.

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 And that will sort of lead us into chapter 16.

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 And we'll just look at this very, very basic question.

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 Did Jesus die on the cross?

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 Did Jesus die on the cross?

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 And we'll begin reading at verse 33 of chapter 15.

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 It goes like this.

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 And when the sixth hour, that's 3 o'clock in the afternoon, had come, there was darkness over the whole land until the whole land until the ninth hour.

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 And that was 3 o'clock in the afternoon.

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 And at the ninth hour, Jesus cried out with a loud voice,

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 Eli, Eloi, lima sabachthani, which means, my God, my God, why have you forsaken me?

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 And some of the bystanders hearing it said, behold, he is calling Elijah.

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 And someone ran and filled a sponge with sour wine, put it on a reed, and gave it to him to drink, saying, wait, let us see whether Elijah will come to take him down.

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 This comes by the fact that Jesus was speaking an ancient form of Hebrew, a type of Aramaic.

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 And some of the soldiers would have been speaking either Greek or Latin or some other type of native language and then probably picked up Greek.

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 And it sounds to their ears a little bit like he's saying the name Elijah.

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 And so they've heard rumors of Elijah maybe taking him down.

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 And that's why it's a bit of a language difficulty where you know a little bit of another language, just enough to get it wrong.

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 And so that's what happens here.

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 Verse 36, and someone ran and filled a sponge with sour wine, put it on a reed, and gave it to him to drink, saying, wait, let us see whether Elijah will come to take him down.

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 And Jesus uttered a loud cry, and note here what it said, and breathed his last.

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 So the text begins by saying that Jesus breathed his last, which is a very, very common way of talking about death.

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 I don't know how many of you have been in a deathbed, but when I've been in a deathbed, it's really funny.

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 You're with the family, and it's almost as if in the silence you keep watching them breathe.

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 And you see a person breathe, and then you wait.

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 and sometimes when a person's dying there's a bit of a pause

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 and you wait and you wait and you wait and then they take breath.

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 But then that time comes that they breathe and then you wait and you wait

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 and you wait and you wait and you wait and you wait and you wait

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 and then you realize they haven't breathed again and they've died.

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 So actually even in this very, very simple way,

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 in the original thing it would have been very, very obvious

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 because in a crucifixion as the body sinks,

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 it's hard to breathe so the person in agony has to push themselves up to breathe

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 and if they don't push themselves up to breathe,

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 they remain sort of slumped in such a way that it's very difficult,

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 if not impossible, to breathe.

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 And so they see that Jesus has breathed his last.

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 It's a very, very touching but very powerful description.

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 And the verse 38,

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 and the curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom

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 and when the centurion who stood facing him saw that in this way,

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 notice again, what does it say?

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 He breathed his last.

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 The centurion said,

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 truly this man was the son of God.

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 Now, there were also women looking on from a distance

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 among whom were Mary Magdalene

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 and Mary the mother of James the younger and Jose and Salome.

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 That's three people.

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 It's not that Mary was the mother of these three people,

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 but Mary is the mother of the two young men and Salome.

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 And just sort of pause there.

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 If you go back and read the Gospel of Mark from the beginning to the end,

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 and it would be the topic of another sermon,

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 but this is Mark's sort of gentle way of saying

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 that that's Jesus' mother who's there.

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 If you go back and read the Gospel of Mark from the beginning to the end,

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 you'll see that earlier on,

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 the second time that Mary's introduced Jesus' mother,

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 that's how she's introduced.

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 And so this is actually very important

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 that three women all have given their historical names and identifiers.

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 And maybe that was partially why Mark used the names

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 Mary's children other than Jesus,

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 because if you went looking for Mary,

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 you could ask for this Mary who is the mother of these other children

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 rather than the mother of Jesus,

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 and it might help you to find her.

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 But we have to always remember when we read the New Testament

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 that there was no television, there were no photographs.

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 So unless you actually had physically seen someone,

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 you wouldn't have any idea in the world

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 what they looked like.

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 It's well, well, well before the Twitterverse

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 and emails having your picture on them and all that stuff.

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 Some of you, by the way, when you email us,

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 your picture's really old.

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 You need to update your picture a little bit,

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 but that's a separate point.

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 I mean, maybe you like the way you looked 10 years ago or whatever,

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 and if that's what you want to do, that's fine.

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 But these then were three women

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 who definitely knew who Jesus was,

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 and they're watching all of this.

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 That's what Mark is saying.

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 Verse 41,

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 And when he was in Galilee,

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 they followed him and ministered to him,

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 and there were also many other women

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 who came up with him to Jerusalem.

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 In other words, there's a crowd of women

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 who all knew him very well,

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 who watched all of this happening,

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 and three of them are Mary,

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 Mary the mother of Jesus, and Salome.

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 Verse 42,

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 And when evening had come,

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 since it was the day of preparation,

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 that is, the day before the Sabbath,

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 Joseph of Arimathea,

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 a respected member of the council,

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 who was also himself looking for the kingdom of God,

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 took courage and went to Pilate and asked,

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 and note what he asked for.

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 He doesn't ask that Jesus could be brought down.

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 He says,

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 Can I have Jesus' body?

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 And it's what that is in the original language.

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 He asked for the body of Jesus.

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 Pilate, verse 44,

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 was surprised to hear

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 that Jesus should have already died.

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 And that's what the original language is saying.

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 There's some tense issues there

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 in terms of the exact grammar,

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 but Pilate's a bit surprised

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 that Jesus has died already.

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 So, continuing on,

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 in summoning the centurion,

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 Pilate asked the centurion

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 whether Jesus was already dead.

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 That's another time,

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 three times,

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 just in a few words,

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 that Jesus is dead.

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 In verse 45,

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 and when Pilate learned from the centurion

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 that Jesus was dead,

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 he granted the corpse to Joseph.

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 And those are all,

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 if you look at the original language,

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 those are all accurate words,

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 and we see they're all put together

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 in a very, very powerful way.

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 The body, the body, the body,

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 died, died, died, corpse.

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 And all in the context

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 of a Roman official of centurion,

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 a prominent member of the Sanhedrin

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 and the council.

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 So, we've already seen

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 that the women have seen

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 that Jesus has died.

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 In verse 46,

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 and Joseph bought a linen shroud,

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 and you buy those

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 to do Jewish embalming in,

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 so Joseph wouldn't have spent

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 the money on this

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 if he didn't think

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 that Jesus was dead.

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 And taking him down,

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 in other words,

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 they had left Jesus' body

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 on the cross.

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 In fact,

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 it was the Roman custom

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 to, usually,

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 the Jewish leaders

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 were actually asking

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 for a bit of an act

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 of mercy for Jesus

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 and the two other thieves

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 that were crucified with him

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 to have their bodies

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 taken down.

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 Usually,

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 Roman custom was

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 that the body

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 would be left there

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 for quite a while.

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 As the body rotted

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 and decomposed,

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 animals would eat the bodies,

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 and it was a warning

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 to others

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 not to be troublemakers.

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 So the soldiers

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 weren't going to

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 mess themselves up

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 with Jesus.

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 The body's hanging there,

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 slumped,

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 not breathing.

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 It's a corpse.

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 Joseph takes it down.

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 Obviously,

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 Joseph wouldn't have felt

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 any tremor of pain

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 if Jesus was still alive.

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 It would have been

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 excruciatingly painful

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 to take the body down.

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 And so,

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 verse 46,

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 and Joseph bought

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 a linen shroud,

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 and taking Jesus down,

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 wrapped him

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 in the linen shroud,

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 and laid him

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 in a tomb,

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 because he's dead,

00:13:48.620 --> 00:13:49.620
 that had been

00:13:49.620 --> 00:13:50.520
 cut out of the rock.

00:13:50.960 --> 00:13:51.560
 And he rolled

00:13:51.560 --> 00:13:52.540
 a stone against

00:13:52.540 --> 00:13:53.480
 the entrance of the tomb.

00:13:54.180 --> 00:13:54.660
 And Mary,

00:13:55.120 --> 00:13:55.580
 Magdalene,

00:13:55.660 --> 00:13:56.080
 and Mary,

00:13:56.720 --> 00:13:57.860
 ultimately the mother

00:13:57.860 --> 00:13:58.400
 of Jesus,

00:13:58.620 --> 00:13:59.720
 saw where Jesus

00:13:59.720 --> 00:14:00.280
 was laid.

00:14:01.140 --> 00:14:02.100
 And when the Sabbath

00:14:02.100 --> 00:14:02.840
 was passed,

00:14:03.379 --> 00:14:04.540
 these same three women,

00:14:04.680 --> 00:14:05.540
 out of all the women,

00:14:05.800 --> 00:14:06.780
 in Mark's account,

00:14:06.880 --> 00:14:07.960
 just focusing on

00:14:07.960 --> 00:14:08.500
 these three,

00:14:09.120 --> 00:14:09.880
 Mary Magdalene,

00:14:10.160 --> 00:14:10.420
 Mary,

00:14:10.740 --> 00:14:11.500
 ultimately the mother

00:14:11.500 --> 00:14:12.039
 of Jesus,

00:14:12.179 --> 00:14:12.879
 but mentioned here

00:14:12.879 --> 00:14:13.240
 is the mother

00:14:13.240 --> 00:14:13.820
 of James,

00:14:13.960 --> 00:14:14.559
 and Salome,

00:14:15.179 --> 00:14:15.960
 by spices,

00:14:16.139 --> 00:14:16.740
 so that they might

00:14:16.740 --> 00:14:17.620
 go and anoint him.

00:14:18.139 --> 00:14:18.980
 And this is actually

00:14:18.980 --> 00:14:20.240
 quite a remarkable thing

00:14:20.240 --> 00:14:20.820
 that these women

00:14:20.820 --> 00:14:21.500
 had been doing,

00:14:21.659 --> 00:14:22.399
 were about to do.

00:14:22.500 --> 00:14:23.379
 The body has been

00:14:23.379 --> 00:14:24.220
 dead for two days,

00:14:24.299 --> 00:14:24.919
 it's a Mediterranean

00:14:24.919 --> 00:14:25.519
 climate,

00:14:25.639 --> 00:14:26.200
 it's April,

00:14:26.940 --> 00:14:27.919
 early April,

00:14:28.360 --> 00:14:29.240
 and so the body

00:14:29.240 --> 00:14:29.879
 would have been

00:14:29.879 --> 00:14:31.399
 decomposing for two days,

00:14:31.440 --> 00:14:31.779
 and it would have

00:14:31.779 --> 00:14:32.659
 started to smell.

00:14:34.440 --> 00:14:35.419
 But these women

00:14:35.419 --> 00:14:36.159
 obviously know

00:14:36.159 --> 00:14:36.639
 that Jesus

00:14:36.639 --> 00:14:38.100
 has died,

00:14:38.539 --> 00:14:39.120
 he's dead.

00:14:40.379 --> 00:14:41.779
 And they saw him

00:14:41.779 --> 00:14:42.080
 die,

00:14:42.179 --> 00:14:42.779
 they saw him

00:14:42.779 --> 00:14:43.580
 stop breathing,

00:14:43.740 --> 00:14:44.240
 they know that

00:14:44.240 --> 00:14:44.799
 he's dead.

00:14:45.699 --> 00:14:47.759
 And they go

00:14:47.759 --> 00:14:48.720
 to anoint

00:14:48.720 --> 00:14:49.759
 the decomposing

00:14:49.759 --> 00:14:50.699
 body of Jesus.

00:14:52.100 --> 00:14:52.620
 Verse two,

00:14:52.659 --> 00:14:53.519
 and very early on

00:14:53.519 --> 00:14:54.419
 the first day of the week

00:14:54.419 --> 00:14:55.360
 when the sun had risen

00:14:55.360 --> 00:14:56.600
 they went to the tomb,

00:14:57.919 --> 00:14:58.919
 because they're expecting

00:14:58.919 --> 00:14:59.779
 him to be in the tomb

00:14:59.779 --> 00:15:00.100
 dead.

00:15:00.779 --> 00:15:01.580
 And they were saying

00:15:01.580 --> 00:15:02.080
 to one another,

00:15:02.179 --> 00:15:02.879
 who will roll away

00:15:02.879 --> 00:15:03.860
 the stone for us

00:15:03.860 --> 00:15:04.480
 from the entrance

00:15:04.480 --> 00:15:05.580
 of the tomb,

00:15:06.240 --> 00:15:06.879
 said again,

00:15:07.460 --> 00:15:08.060
 and looking up

00:15:08.060 --> 00:15:08.980
 they saw that the stone

00:15:08.980 --> 00:15:09.820
 had been rolled back

00:15:09.820 --> 00:15:10.879
 and it was very large.

00:15:12.039 --> 00:15:13.639
 And entering the tomb

00:15:13.639 --> 00:15:15.340
 they see a young man

00:15:15.340 --> 00:15:16.360
 sitting on the right side

00:15:16.360 --> 00:15:17.399
 dressed in a white robe

00:15:17.399 --> 00:15:18.600
 and they were alarmed,

00:15:19.159 --> 00:15:20.740
 and for other linguistic reasons

00:15:20.740 --> 00:15:21.800
 we know that it's an angel.

00:15:22.700 --> 00:15:23.919
 And we won't get into that

00:15:23.919 --> 00:15:24.800
 historical aspect

00:15:24.800 --> 00:15:25.620
 of angels for now,

00:15:25.700 --> 00:15:26.740
 just listen to the account.

00:15:27.019 --> 00:15:28.300
 And this angel said to them,

00:15:28.360 --> 00:15:29.100
 do not be alarmed,

00:15:29.159 --> 00:15:30.860
 you seek Jesus of Nazareth

00:15:30.860 --> 00:15:32.120
 who was crucified,

00:15:32.320 --> 00:15:32.779
 he is risen,

00:15:32.899 --> 00:15:33.600
 he is not here.

00:15:34.300 --> 00:15:34.860
 See the place

00:15:34.860 --> 00:15:35.779
 where they laid him,

00:15:36.500 --> 00:15:37.940
 but go tell his disciples

00:15:37.940 --> 00:15:38.840
 and Peter that

00:15:38.840 --> 00:15:40.659
 Jesus is going before you

00:15:40.659 --> 00:15:41.200
 to Galilee.

00:15:41.340 --> 00:15:42.139
 There you will see him

00:15:42.139 --> 00:15:43.100
 just as he told you.

00:15:43.379 --> 00:15:44.560
 And here's the really

00:15:44.560 --> 00:15:45.659
 remarkable thing

00:15:45.659 --> 00:15:46.519
 about the story

00:15:46.519 --> 00:15:48.659
 is that they don't

00:15:48.659 --> 00:15:50.200
 all sing,

00:15:50.680 --> 00:15:51.759
 Christ has risen

00:15:51.759 --> 00:15:52.919
 from the dead

00:15:52.919 --> 00:15:54.100
 trampoline over,

00:15:54.320 --> 00:15:55.200
 they don't sing that.

00:15:55.879 --> 00:15:56.620
 They don't say,

00:15:57.279 --> 00:15:58.360
 hallelujah,

00:15:58.680 --> 00:15:59.200
 they don't get down

00:15:59.200 --> 00:15:59.639
 on their knees,

00:15:59.740 --> 00:16:00.300
 they don't pray,

00:16:00.420 --> 00:16:00.899
 they don't do,

00:16:01.539 --> 00:16:02.840
 they don't ask the angels

00:16:02.840 --> 00:16:03.820
 any questions.

00:16:03.860 --> 00:16:09.759
 They flee the tomb

00:16:09.759 --> 00:16:11.340
 for trembling and

00:16:11.340 --> 00:16:12.740
 astonishment had seized them

00:16:12.740 --> 00:16:13.519
 and they said nothing

00:16:13.519 --> 00:16:14.539
 to anyone for they

00:16:14.539 --> 00:16:15.539
 were very afraid.

00:16:15.740 --> 00:16:17.060
 They were afraid

00:16:17.060 --> 00:16:18.440
 in the original language,

00:16:18.580 --> 00:16:19.039
 it's the idea

00:16:19.039 --> 00:16:20.500
 that they were overwhelmed

00:16:20.500 --> 00:16:21.519
 with great fear.

00:16:22.200 --> 00:16:22.879
 They were terrified.

00:16:22.879 --> 00:16:24.679
 Now,

00:16:27.360 --> 00:16:27.860
 I mean,

00:16:28.000 --> 00:16:28.240
 if you,

00:16:28.779 --> 00:16:29.659
 often when people

00:16:29.659 --> 00:16:30.899
 talk to me

00:16:30.899 --> 00:16:31.620
 about the Bible,

00:16:31.740 --> 00:16:33.120
 what I often really know,

00:16:33.179 --> 00:16:33.340
 I mean,

00:16:33.360 --> 00:16:34.059
 it's not always true,

00:16:34.120 --> 00:16:34.539
 some people,

00:16:34.620 --> 00:16:35.559
 they really know their Bibles

00:16:35.559 --> 00:16:36.500
 backwards and forwards,

00:16:36.620 --> 00:16:37.519
 but often what they do,

00:16:37.600 --> 00:16:38.439
 they just know

00:16:38.439 --> 00:16:39.919
 that Mark doesn't have

00:16:39.919 --> 00:16:41.240
 a resurrection appearance

00:16:41.240 --> 00:16:43.600
 in his gospel,

00:16:44.159 --> 00:16:44.939
 and so they'll say

00:16:44.939 --> 00:16:45.960
 other types of things,

00:16:46.039 --> 00:16:46.620
 but you can't,

00:16:46.679 --> 00:16:47.679
 as I've just shown to you,

00:16:47.679 --> 00:16:48.360
 you can't actually

00:16:48.360 --> 00:16:49.120
 read the account

00:16:49.120 --> 00:16:50.259
 and not get the idea

00:16:50.259 --> 00:16:52.500
 that Jesus is dead.

00:16:52.779 --> 00:16:53.019
 I mean,

00:16:53.120 --> 00:16:54.480
 he died on the cross.

00:16:54.560 --> 00:16:55.299
 It's very,

00:16:55.419 --> 00:16:55.799
 very clear.

00:16:55.899 --> 00:16:56.679
 It tells them time

00:16:56.679 --> 00:16:57.259
 after time

00:16:57.259 --> 00:16:57.820
 after time

00:16:57.820 --> 00:16:58.320
 after time

00:16:58.320 --> 00:16:58.860
 in the text

00:16:58.860 --> 00:17:00.580
 that Mark is saying

00:17:00.580 --> 00:17:02.000
 that Jesus died,

00:17:02.440 --> 00:17:03.200
 and as a bit of

00:17:03.200 --> 00:17:04.220
 a separate thing,

00:17:04.680 --> 00:17:05.440
 while most people,

00:17:05.680 --> 00:17:06.240
 most scholars

00:17:06.240 --> 00:17:06.680
 would agree

00:17:06.680 --> 00:17:07.140
 that Mark

00:17:07.140 --> 00:17:08.240
 was probably the first,

00:17:08.339 --> 00:17:08.960
 today now,

00:17:09.019 --> 00:17:09.619
 they would agree

00:17:09.619 --> 00:17:10.420
 that Mark

00:17:10.420 --> 00:17:11.400
 was the first gospel

00:17:11.400 --> 00:17:12.119
 that was written,

00:17:12.119 --> 00:17:12.500
 written,

00:17:12.979 --> 00:17:13.839
 and just by,

00:17:14.019 --> 00:17:15.159
 from historical reasons,

00:17:15.419 --> 00:17:16.119
 you can actually,

00:17:17.439 --> 00:17:18.579
 Mark was probably written

00:17:18.579 --> 00:17:19.519
 about 22 years

00:17:19.519 --> 00:17:20.579
 after the death

00:17:20.579 --> 00:17:21.039
 and resurrection

00:17:21.039 --> 00:17:21.739
 of Jesus,

00:17:22.479 --> 00:17:23.399
 but there's actually

00:17:23.399 --> 00:17:24.199
 several books

00:17:24.199 --> 00:17:25.399
 in what we now call

00:17:25.399 --> 00:17:26.239
 the Bible.

00:17:26.739 --> 00:17:27.419
 There's actually

00:17:27.419 --> 00:17:28.399
 early letters

00:17:28.399 --> 00:17:29.099
 which were written

00:17:29.099 --> 00:17:30.059
 before Mark,

00:17:30.119 --> 00:17:31.159
 and these letters

00:17:31.159 --> 00:17:32.119
 all bear witness

00:17:32.119 --> 00:17:32.659
 of the death

00:17:32.659 --> 00:17:33.119
 and resurrection

00:17:33.119 --> 00:17:33.819
 of Jesus.

00:17:34.239 --> 00:17:35.519
 What we now think of

00:17:35.519 --> 00:17:36.539
 as the letter

00:17:36.539 --> 00:17:37.179
 of James,

00:17:37.919 --> 00:17:38.539
 as the letter

00:17:38.539 --> 00:17:39.199
 of first letter

00:17:39.199 --> 00:17:39.719
 to Corinth,

00:17:39.879 --> 00:17:40.459
 the second letter

00:17:40.459 --> 00:17:40.939
 to Corinth,

00:17:41.099 --> 00:17:41.679
 the first letter

00:17:41.680 --> 00:17:42.400
 to Thessalonians,

00:17:42.500 --> 00:17:43.000
 the second letter

00:17:43.000 --> 00:17:43.680
 to Thessalonians,

00:17:43.759 --> 00:17:44.400
 and Galatians,

00:17:44.779 --> 00:17:45.460
 these all were

00:17:45.460 --> 00:17:47.019
 originally letters

00:17:47.019 --> 00:17:48.500
 written by early Christians

00:17:48.500 --> 00:17:49.799
 to other early Christians,

00:17:49.799 --> 00:17:50.740
 and all of them

00:17:50.740 --> 00:17:51.900
 also say that Jesus

00:17:51.900 --> 00:17:52.799
 died and rose

00:17:52.799 --> 00:17:53.320
 from the dead.

00:17:53.640 --> 00:17:54.500
 So there's actually

00:17:54.500 --> 00:17:56.680
 quite a few documents,

00:17:56.840 --> 00:17:58.180
 all even preceding

00:17:58.180 --> 00:17:58.920
 this written

00:17:58.920 --> 00:17:59.460
 maybe in the year

00:17:59.460 --> 00:18:00.680
 55 or 56,

00:18:01.380 --> 00:18:02.220
 that say that Jesus

00:18:02.220 --> 00:18:03.860
 actually died.

00:18:04.000 --> 00:18:04.539
 And so that's

00:18:04.539 --> 00:18:05.160
 my first point,

00:18:05.200 --> 00:18:06.000
 if you want to put it up

00:18:06.000 --> 00:18:07.140
 here on the screen,

00:18:07.759 --> 00:18:09.360
 is that it's very obvious

00:18:09.360 --> 00:18:10.779
 from these early documents,

00:18:10.779 --> 00:18:12.079
 Mark and others,

00:18:12.519 --> 00:18:13.779
 that Jesus really

00:18:13.779 --> 00:18:15.119
 died on the cross.

00:18:15.680 --> 00:18:17.079
 Jesus really died

00:18:17.079 --> 00:18:18.480
 on the cross.

00:18:19.180 --> 00:18:20.059
 Jesus really died

00:18:20.059 --> 00:18:20.599
 on the cross.

00:18:21.519 --> 00:18:22.519
 You might not know it,

00:18:22.599 --> 00:18:23.180
 and I don't know

00:18:23.180 --> 00:18:24.759
 if we have anybody

00:18:24.759 --> 00:18:26.700
 who's a follower

00:18:26.700 --> 00:18:27.279
 of Islam

00:18:27.279 --> 00:18:28.500
 in the room,

00:18:28.980 --> 00:18:29.899
 and if you are,

00:18:30.000 --> 00:18:30.639
 we're really glad

00:18:30.639 --> 00:18:31.079
 you're here.

00:18:31.839 --> 00:18:32.740
 And I don't mean

00:18:32.740 --> 00:18:33.259
 to offend

00:18:33.259 --> 00:18:34.160
 by these comments,

00:18:34.940 --> 00:18:36.019
 but in fact,

00:18:36.160 --> 00:18:36.500
 it's a very,

00:18:36.779 --> 00:18:37.960
 it's a fundamental

00:18:37.960 --> 00:18:38.920
 Muslim belief

00:18:38.920 --> 00:18:39.900
 because they believe

00:18:39.900 --> 00:18:40.279
 it's taught

00:18:40.279 --> 00:18:40.860
 in the Quran

00:18:40.860 --> 00:18:42.279
 that in fact,

00:18:42.380 --> 00:18:43.319
 Jesus didn't die

00:18:43.319 --> 00:18:43.940
 on the cross.

00:18:44.019 --> 00:18:44.259
 I don't know

00:18:44.259 --> 00:18:44.759
 if you know that

00:18:44.759 --> 00:18:45.980
 about your Muslim

00:18:45.980 --> 00:18:46.920
 neighbors or friends.

00:18:47.440 --> 00:18:48.340
 Muslims believe

00:18:48.340 --> 00:18:49.420
 that Jesus didn't die

00:18:49.420 --> 00:18:50.120
 on the cross.

00:18:51.539 --> 00:18:52.460
 Muslims believe

00:18:52.460 --> 00:18:53.000
 that Jesus

00:18:53.000 --> 00:18:53.799
 was taken up

00:18:53.799 --> 00:18:54.200
 to heaven.

00:18:54.460 --> 00:18:55.160
 Muslims believe

00:18:55.160 --> 00:18:55.579
 that Jesus

00:18:55.579 --> 00:18:56.460
 will return,

00:18:57.000 --> 00:18:57.420
 actually.

00:18:57.980 --> 00:18:58.680
 In a sense,

00:18:58.740 --> 00:18:59.620
 a Muslim could join

00:18:59.620 --> 00:19:00.200
 with a Christian

00:19:00.200 --> 00:19:00.519
 saying,

00:19:00.620 --> 00:19:01.120
 Maranatha,

00:19:01.259 --> 00:19:02.000
 come Lord Jesus,

00:19:02.200 --> 00:19:02.420
 come.

00:19:03.900 --> 00:19:04.180
 I mean,

00:19:04.200 --> 00:19:04.840
 they're obviously

00:19:04.840 --> 00:19:05.500
 more focused

00:19:05.500 --> 00:19:06.160
 on Muhammad

00:19:06.160 --> 00:19:07.259
 and Allah,

00:19:07.440 --> 00:19:08.200
 but Muslims

00:19:08.200 --> 00:19:08.819
 believe that

00:19:08.819 --> 00:19:09.619
 Jesus didn't die

00:19:09.619 --> 00:19:10.299
 on the cross.

00:19:10.940 --> 00:19:11.380
 They believe

00:19:11.380 --> 00:19:11.759
 that God

00:19:11.759 --> 00:19:12.960
 took another person,

00:19:13.599 --> 00:19:14.319
 took Jesus

00:19:14.319 --> 00:19:15.319
 out of the hands

00:19:15.319 --> 00:19:16.240
 of the sinful men,

00:19:16.500 --> 00:19:17.740
 put another person

00:19:17.740 --> 00:19:18.339
 on the cross,

00:19:18.819 --> 00:19:19.720
 changed the face

00:19:19.720 --> 00:19:20.299
 of that man

00:19:20.299 --> 00:19:20.900
 so he looked

00:19:20.900 --> 00:19:21.500
 like Jesus

00:19:21.500 --> 00:19:22.579
 and that that man

00:19:22.579 --> 00:19:23.920
 died on the cross.

00:19:24.359 --> 00:19:24.940
 But Jesus,

00:19:25.180 --> 00:19:25.579
 because he was

00:19:25.579 --> 00:19:26.259
 a great prophet,

00:19:26.400 --> 00:19:27.000
 could not have

00:19:27.000 --> 00:19:27.859
 suffered such a

00:19:27.859 --> 00:19:28.599
 terrible fate

00:19:28.599 --> 00:19:29.519
 as dying

00:19:29.519 --> 00:19:30.339
 on a cross.

00:19:31.079 --> 00:19:31.980
 But we can see

00:19:31.980 --> 00:19:32.259
 here,

00:19:32.579 --> 00:19:33.759
 and with all due

00:19:33.759 --> 00:19:34.460
 to respect

00:19:34.460 --> 00:19:35.019
 to Muslims,

00:19:35.019 --> 00:19:35.639
 the Quran

00:19:35.639 --> 00:19:36.099
 was written

00:19:36.099 --> 00:19:37.700
 over 600 years,

00:19:37.839 --> 00:19:39.079
 700 years maybe,

00:19:39.220 --> 00:19:40.519
 after the death

00:19:40.519 --> 00:19:41.000
 and resurrection

00:19:41.000 --> 00:19:41.720
 of Jesus.

00:19:42.559 --> 00:19:43.079
 And unless

00:19:43.079 --> 00:19:43.980
 for other reasons

00:19:43.980 --> 00:19:44.720
 you believe

00:19:44.720 --> 00:19:45.339
 the Quran

00:19:45.339 --> 00:19:46.099
 is something

00:19:46.099 --> 00:19:46.660
 which directly

00:19:46.660 --> 00:19:47.480
 comes from God,

00:19:47.559 --> 00:19:48.139
 there's actually

00:19:48.139 --> 00:19:49.680
 no historical reason

00:19:49.680 --> 00:19:50.660
 from an evidential

00:19:50.660 --> 00:19:51.160
 point of view.

00:19:51.519 --> 00:19:52.359
 There's no reason

00:19:52.359 --> 00:19:52.879
 why you should

00:19:52.879 --> 00:19:53.639
 believe the Quran

00:19:53.639 --> 00:19:54.279
 over Mark.

00:19:54.660 --> 00:19:55.220
 Why would you

00:19:55.220 --> 00:19:55.940
 believe a document

00:19:55.940 --> 00:19:56.539
 written maybe

00:19:56.539 --> 00:19:57.740
 700 years after

00:19:57.740 --> 00:19:58.799
 compared to a document

00:19:58.799 --> 00:19:59.879
 written 22 years

00:19:59.879 --> 00:20:00.519
 after the death

00:20:00.519 --> 00:20:00.920
 and resurrection

00:20:00.920 --> 00:20:01.559
 of Jesus,

00:20:01.980 --> 00:20:02.660
 which follows

00:20:02.660 --> 00:20:03.660
 other documents

00:20:03.660 --> 00:20:04.879
 written even earlier,

00:20:05.019 --> 00:20:05.660
 which all say

00:20:05.660 --> 00:20:06.039
 that Jesus

00:20:06.039 --> 00:20:07.019
 died on the cross.

00:20:09.720 --> 00:20:12.180
 And I'm not

00:20:12.180 --> 00:20:12.579
 going to talk

00:20:12.579 --> 00:20:12.960
 later on

00:20:12.960 --> 00:20:14.420
 about the swoon

00:20:14.420 --> 00:20:15.539
 theory about

00:20:15.539 --> 00:20:16.039
 how Jesus

00:20:16.039 --> 00:20:16.539
 didn't really

00:20:16.539 --> 00:20:17.400
 die on the cross.

00:20:17.559 --> 00:20:19.180
 The early evidence

00:20:19.180 --> 00:20:20.440
 here is that

00:20:20.440 --> 00:20:21.099
 Jesus died

00:20:21.099 --> 00:20:21.759
 on the cross.

00:20:22.940 --> 00:20:23.940
 And whatever else

00:20:23.940 --> 00:20:24.720
 you have to

00:20:24.720 --> 00:20:25.700
 sort of understand

00:20:25.700 --> 00:20:26.379
 about things,

00:20:26.599 --> 00:20:26.839
 it's,

00:20:28.279 --> 00:20:28.500
 I mean,

00:20:28.599 --> 00:20:29.599
 the evidence

00:20:29.599 --> 00:20:30.119
 would say

00:20:30.119 --> 00:20:30.539
 that Jesus

00:20:30.539 --> 00:20:31.519
 died on the cross.

00:20:31.519 --> 00:20:32.839
 Now,

00:20:32.920 --> 00:20:33.279
 some of you

00:20:33.279 --> 00:20:33.559
 might say,

00:20:33.660 --> 00:20:33.799
 okay,

00:20:33.940 --> 00:20:34.639
 George,

00:20:35.200 --> 00:20:35.500
 George,

00:20:35.759 --> 00:20:36.079
 George,

00:20:36.220 --> 00:20:36.519
 George,

00:20:36.619 --> 00:20:36.940
 George,

00:20:37.240 --> 00:20:37.740
 you got all

00:20:37.740 --> 00:20:38.079
 this from

00:20:38.079 --> 00:20:38.539
 the gospel

00:20:38.539 --> 00:20:39.180
 of Mark?

00:20:39.500 --> 00:20:39.720
 Oh,

00:20:39.799 --> 00:20:40.200
 George,

00:20:40.299 --> 00:20:40.859
 come on.

00:20:41.819 --> 00:20:42.160
 Like,

00:20:42.500 --> 00:20:42.779
 George,

00:20:42.900 --> 00:20:43.359
 just look

00:20:43.359 --> 00:20:44.160
 at your Bible.

00:20:44.500 --> 00:20:45.019
 Come on,

00:20:45.160 --> 00:20:45.619
 George.

00:20:45.779 --> 00:20:45.980
 Like,

00:20:46.259 --> 00:20:46.420
 here,

00:20:46.519 --> 00:20:47.000
 your Bible

00:20:47.000 --> 00:20:47.759
 goes up to

00:20:47.759 --> 00:20:48.420
 verse 20,

00:20:48.500 --> 00:20:48.960
 you've only read

00:20:48.960 --> 00:20:49.720
 to verse 8,

00:20:49.819 --> 00:20:50.359
 and we all

00:20:50.359 --> 00:20:50.799
 know that,

00:20:50.920 --> 00:20:51.180
 you know,

00:20:51.259 --> 00:20:51.900
 people all know

00:20:51.900 --> 00:20:52.639
 now that verses

00:20:52.639 --> 00:20:53.720
 9 to 20

00:20:53.720 --> 00:20:54.599
 probably weren't

00:20:54.599 --> 00:20:55.220
 originally written

00:20:55.220 --> 00:20:55.940
 by Mark,

00:20:56.000 --> 00:20:56.579
 and you know

00:20:56.579 --> 00:20:56.920
 that there's

00:20:56.920 --> 00:20:57.660
 some textual

00:20:57.660 --> 00:20:58.900
 transitional problems

00:20:58.900 --> 00:21:00.140
 between chapter 15

00:21:00.140 --> 00:21:00.980
 verse 47

00:21:00.980 --> 00:21:01.920
 and chapter 16

00:21:01.920 --> 00:21:02.620
 verse 1,

00:21:02.700 --> 00:21:03.080
 and that there's

00:21:03.080 --> 00:21:03.620
 some difference

00:21:03.620 --> 00:21:04.560
 in the evidence,

00:21:04.940 --> 00:21:05.780
 and George,

00:21:05.900 --> 00:21:06.160
 come on,

00:21:06.180 --> 00:21:06.540
 we all know

00:21:06.540 --> 00:21:07.220
 that these early

00:21:07.220 --> 00:21:07.980
 primitive people,

00:21:08.060 --> 00:21:08.500
 they were far

00:21:08.500 --> 00:21:08.980
 more primitive

00:21:08.980 --> 00:21:09.480
 than us,

00:21:09.540 --> 00:21:10.900
 and they were

00:21:10.900 --> 00:21:12.060
 gullible in terms

00:21:12.060 --> 00:21:12.880
 of things like this,

00:21:13.080 --> 00:21:14.000
 and we all know,

00:21:14.120 --> 00:21:14.240
 oh,

00:21:14.240 --> 00:21:14.500
 come on,

00:21:14.540 --> 00:21:14.800
 George,

00:21:15.080 --> 00:21:15.680
 Mark had this

00:21:15.680 --> 00:21:16.320
 huge bias,

00:21:16.440 --> 00:21:16.519
 I mean,

00:21:16.560 --> 00:21:17.200
 so he's gullible,

00:21:17.360 --> 00:21:18.259
 he has this bias,

00:21:18.780 --> 00:21:19.019
 I mean,

00:21:19.060 --> 00:21:19.880
 the Bible text

00:21:19.880 --> 00:21:20.680
 has been changed,

00:21:20.759 --> 00:21:21.420
 who knows how many

00:21:21.420 --> 00:21:21.820
 times,

00:21:21.880 --> 00:21:22.360
 you don't even know

00:21:22.360 --> 00:21:22.860
 if this is the

00:21:22.860 --> 00:21:23.820
 actual text that

00:21:23.820 --> 00:21:24.920
 Mark wrote,

00:21:25.240 --> 00:21:25.420
 like,

00:21:25.500 --> 00:21:26.019
 how on earth

00:21:26.019 --> 00:21:27.100
 are you going

00:21:27.100 --> 00:21:28.460
 ahead and talking

00:21:28.460 --> 00:21:29.160
 about this

00:21:29.160 --> 00:21:30.079
 as if now

00:21:30.079 --> 00:21:30.519
 this is any

00:21:30.519 --> 00:21:31.559
 particular evidence,

00:21:33.400 --> 00:21:34.240
 it's actually

00:21:34.240 --> 00:21:35.039
 really interesting,

00:21:35.120 --> 00:21:35.600
 this happens

00:21:35.600 --> 00:21:37.680
 in lots of people,

00:21:37.860 --> 00:21:40.160
 but they'll say

00:21:40.160 --> 00:21:40.740
 that there's enough

00:21:40.740 --> 00:21:41.720
 evidence in Mark

00:21:41.720 --> 00:21:42.519
 that there's no

00:21:42.519 --> 00:21:43.200
 resurrection,

00:21:44.160 --> 00:21:45.000
 because there's

00:21:45.000 --> 00:21:45.600
 no resurrection

00:21:45.600 --> 00:21:46.299
 appearance,

00:21:46.440 --> 00:21:46.980
 but when you want

00:21:46.980 --> 00:21:47.480
 to talk about

00:21:47.480 --> 00:21:48.019
 something else

00:21:48.019 --> 00:21:48.600
 that goes against

00:21:48.600 --> 00:21:49.079
 their theory,

00:21:49.160 --> 00:21:49.579
 then they say

00:21:49.579 --> 00:21:50.460
 the Bible's worthless,

00:21:50.779 --> 00:21:51.380
 that's just a bit

00:21:51.380 --> 00:21:51.940
 of an aside,

00:21:52.539 --> 00:21:53.220
 but it's a very,

00:21:53.340 --> 00:21:54.840
 very common move

00:21:54.840 --> 00:21:55.640
 that people make

00:21:55.640 --> 00:21:57.100
 unselfconsciously,

00:21:57.539 --> 00:21:58.019
 in a sense,

00:21:58.019 --> 00:21:58.660
 just picking

00:21:58.660 --> 00:21:59.400
 and choosing

00:21:59.400 --> 00:22:00.660
 which bits

00:22:00.660 --> 00:22:01.420
 of the text

00:22:01.420 --> 00:22:02.579
 fit into

00:22:02.579 --> 00:22:03.339
 their theory,

00:22:04.400 --> 00:22:05.400
 and obviously,

00:22:05.759 --> 00:22:06.240
 if we want

00:22:06.240 --> 00:22:07.900
 to be hard-headed

00:22:07.900 --> 00:22:10.579
 and looking at

00:22:10.579 --> 00:22:11.420
 things from evidence,

00:22:11.839 --> 00:22:13.220
 you don't cherry-pick

00:22:13.220 --> 00:22:14.299
 the pieces of evidence

00:22:14.299 --> 00:22:14.879
 that you like,

00:22:14.960 --> 00:22:15.779
 you look at the

00:22:15.779 --> 00:22:16.779
 evidence as it

00:22:16.779 --> 00:22:17.639
 sort of lays out,

00:22:17.759 --> 00:22:19.220
 so you can't really

00:22:19.220 --> 00:22:20.079
 very well say

00:22:20.079 --> 00:22:20.980
 that there's no

00:22:20.980 --> 00:22:22.079
 resurrection appearances,

00:22:22.299 --> 00:22:23.039
 and therefore Jesus

00:22:23.039 --> 00:22:24.079
 didn't rise from the dead,

00:22:24.079 --> 00:22:26.319
 because that's somehow

00:22:26.319 --> 00:22:26.799
 trustworthy,

00:22:26.960 --> 00:22:27.519
 but all this other

00:22:27.519 --> 00:22:28.039
 stuff about him

00:22:28.039 --> 00:22:28.879
 dying on the cross

00:22:28.879 --> 00:22:29.659
 isn't trustworthy,

00:22:29.980 --> 00:22:30.099
 it's,

00:22:30.519 --> 00:22:31.059
 you have to sort of

00:22:31.059 --> 00:22:32.980
 go all the way

00:22:32.980 --> 00:22:33.460
 through it,

00:22:33.879 --> 00:22:35.179
 but let's just look,

00:22:35.519 --> 00:22:36.379
 let's try to pick

00:22:36.379 --> 00:22:36.859
 some of those

00:22:36.859 --> 00:22:37.619
 different things up,

00:22:37.679 --> 00:22:38.379
 I don't want to leave,

00:22:38.659 --> 00:22:39.299
 have you all leave

00:22:39.299 --> 00:22:40.139
 here unsettled,

00:22:40.359 --> 00:22:41.279
 I mean,

00:22:41.319 --> 00:22:41.919
 I'm not saying

00:22:41.919 --> 00:22:42.720
 anything to you

00:22:42.720 --> 00:22:44.119
 that maybe people

00:22:44.119 --> 00:22:44.939
 haven't said to you

00:22:44.939 --> 00:22:45.319
 already,

00:22:45.639 --> 00:22:46.939
 or that if they

00:22:46.939 --> 00:22:47.740
 haven't said it to you,

00:22:47.799 --> 00:22:48.740
 they think it,

00:22:49.460 --> 00:22:50.179
 you see it in the

00:22:50.179 --> 00:22:50.539
 citizen,

00:22:50.720 --> 00:22:51.199
 you see it,

00:22:51.200 --> 00:22:51.860
 I mean,

00:22:51.920 --> 00:22:52.940
 I hear it all the time

00:22:52.940 --> 00:22:54.019
 once you get to the

00:22:54.019 --> 00:22:54.720
 point where people

00:22:54.720 --> 00:22:55.920
 will have sort of a

00:22:55.920 --> 00:22:57.059
 beginning of an honest

00:22:57.059 --> 00:22:58.220
 conversation with you,

00:22:59.100 --> 00:22:59.980
 let's look again

00:22:59.980 --> 00:23:00.660
 at the text,

00:23:01.100 --> 00:23:01.960
 we'll try to unpack

00:23:01.960 --> 00:23:02.460
 some of these

00:23:02.460 --> 00:23:03.220
 different things,

00:23:04.000 --> 00:23:04.559
 look again at

00:23:04.559 --> 00:23:05.420
 chapter 16

00:23:05.420 --> 00:23:07.299
 verses 1 to 3,

00:23:08.299 --> 00:23:09.259
 when the Sabbath

00:23:09.259 --> 00:23:09.880
 was passed,

00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:10.799
 Mary Magdalene,

00:23:10.900 --> 00:23:12.000
 Mary called here

00:23:12.000 --> 00:23:12.860
 the mother of James,

00:23:13.539 --> 00:23:15.120
 Salome bought spices

00:23:15.120 --> 00:23:15.940
 so that they might

00:23:15.940 --> 00:23:17.080
 go and anoint him,

00:23:18.039 --> 00:23:19.100
 they believed

00:23:19.100 --> 00:23:19.960
 Jesus is dead,

00:23:20.059 --> 00:23:20.779
 and very early on

00:23:20.779 --> 00:23:21.379
 the first day of the

00:23:21.379 --> 00:23:21.940
 week when the sun

00:23:21.940 --> 00:23:22.440
 had risen,

00:23:22.559 --> 00:23:23.160
 they went to the

00:23:23.160 --> 00:23:23.440
 tomb,

00:23:23.599 --> 00:23:24.200
 and they were saying

00:23:24.200 --> 00:23:24.579
 to one another,

00:23:24.660 --> 00:23:25.279
 who will roll away

00:23:25.279 --> 00:23:27.200
 the stone for us

00:23:27.200 --> 00:23:28.139
 from the entrance

00:23:28.139 --> 00:23:28.920
 of the tomb?

00:23:29.359 --> 00:23:30.500
 Now what we see here

00:23:30.500 --> 00:23:31.519
 is not people who

00:23:31.519 --> 00:23:32.480
 are looking particularly

00:23:32.480 --> 00:23:33.000
 gullible,

00:23:33.579 --> 00:23:34.779
 we don't see any

00:23:34.779 --> 00:23:35.519
 evidence here of

00:23:35.519 --> 00:23:36.279
 anybody actually

00:23:36.279 --> 00:23:37.099
 believing that Jesus

00:23:37.099 --> 00:23:37.940
 had risen from the

00:23:37.940 --> 00:23:38.160
 dead,

00:23:38.559 --> 00:23:39.359
 everything here,

00:23:39.539 --> 00:23:40.799
 every single person

00:23:40.799 --> 00:23:41.339
 in the story,

00:23:41.460 --> 00:23:42.220
 even these women

00:23:42.220 --> 00:23:43.059
 who had,

00:23:43.559 --> 00:23:44.480
 on one level,

00:23:44.779 --> 00:23:45.839
 they had such a

00:23:45.839 --> 00:23:47.180
 huge respect for

00:23:47.180 --> 00:23:47.660
 Jesus,

00:23:48.680 --> 00:23:49.559
 that while the men

00:23:49.559 --> 00:23:50.679
 were all hiding

00:23:50.679 --> 00:23:52.119
 because they were

00:23:52.119 --> 00:23:52.720
 afraid they were

00:23:52.720 --> 00:23:53.480
 going to be arrested,

00:23:53.899 --> 00:23:54.440
 while the men

00:23:54.440 --> 00:23:55.279
 are all hiding,

00:23:55.980 --> 00:23:57.119
 these women have

00:23:57.119 --> 00:23:58.639
 such a respect for

00:23:58.639 --> 00:23:59.379
 Jesus that they're

00:23:59.379 --> 00:24:00.139
 willing to suffer

00:24:00.139 --> 00:24:01.000
 abuse from the

00:24:01.000 --> 00:24:01.460
 guards,

00:24:02.119 --> 00:24:02.700
 get a tongue

00:24:02.700 --> 00:24:03.559
 lashing from the

00:24:03.559 --> 00:24:03.919
 guards,

00:24:04.279 --> 00:24:05.159
 put themselves in

00:24:05.159 --> 00:24:05.419
 danger,

00:24:05.559 --> 00:24:07.379
 all to handle a

00:24:07.379 --> 00:24:08.200
 corpse which has

00:24:08.200 --> 00:24:09.579
 been decomposing in

00:24:09.579 --> 00:24:10.960
 the Mediterranean for

00:24:10.960 --> 00:24:11.940
 two days,

00:24:12.079 --> 00:24:12.799
 and is going to be

00:24:12.799 --> 00:24:14.099
 pretty rank,

00:24:14.099 --> 00:24:16.599
 and in fact,

00:24:16.699 --> 00:24:17.659
 they might lose

00:24:17.659 --> 00:24:18.299
 their breakfast

00:24:18.299 --> 00:24:19.519
 several times

00:24:19.519 --> 00:24:20.279
 trying to fulfill

00:24:20.279 --> 00:24:20.799
 the task,

00:24:20.939 --> 00:24:21.659
 it doesn't look

00:24:21.659 --> 00:24:22.500
 like people going

00:24:22.500 --> 00:24:23.659
 because they want

00:24:23.659 --> 00:24:24.459
 to fulfill some

00:24:24.459 --> 00:24:25.119
 type of a

00:24:25.119 --> 00:24:26.199
 resurrection,

00:24:26.679 --> 00:24:28.199
 you know,

00:24:28.299 --> 00:24:29.099
 belief or myth,

00:24:29.259 --> 00:24:29.959
 and then look at

00:24:29.959 --> 00:24:30.599
 the really funny

00:24:30.599 --> 00:24:31.119
 thing at the end,

00:24:31.159 --> 00:24:31.519
 verse 8,

00:24:31.579 --> 00:24:32.039
 and they went out

00:24:32.039 --> 00:24:32.559
 and fled from

00:24:32.559 --> 00:24:33.139
 the tomb for

00:24:33.139 --> 00:24:33.799
 trembling and

00:24:33.799 --> 00:24:34.379
 astonished to

00:24:34.379 --> 00:24:34.839
 seize them,

00:24:34.879 --> 00:24:35.259
 and they said

00:24:35.259 --> 00:24:35.839
 nothing to anyone

00:24:35.839 --> 00:24:36.319
 for they were

00:24:36.319 --> 00:24:36.779
 afraid,

00:24:37.500 --> 00:24:37.699
 like,

00:24:38.359 --> 00:24:39.319
 rather than Mark

00:24:39.319 --> 00:24:40.099
 writing something

00:24:40.099 --> 00:24:40.980
 down which looks

00:24:40.980 --> 00:24:42.000
 very pious,

00:24:43.360 --> 00:24:45.120
 and as if

00:24:45.120 --> 00:24:45.640
 it's,

00:24:47.380 --> 00:24:48.759
 I mean,

00:24:48.779 --> 00:24:49.420
 everything about

00:24:49.420 --> 00:24:50.319
 the account

00:24:50.319 --> 00:24:52.220
 puts the

00:24:52.220 --> 00:24:53.160
 original witnesses

00:24:53.160 --> 00:24:54.180
 in really a bit

00:24:54.180 --> 00:24:55.000
 of a bad light,

00:24:55.059 --> 00:24:55.480
 doesn't it?

00:24:56.620 --> 00:24:57.220
 I mean,

00:24:57.440 --> 00:24:58.039
 you'd sort of

00:24:58.039 --> 00:24:58.900
 expect that if

00:24:58.900 --> 00:24:59.920
 he was gullible

00:24:59.920 --> 00:25:00.500
 and he was just

00:25:00.500 --> 00:25:02.019
 trying to trick us

00:25:02.019 --> 00:25:02.960
 that, I mean,

00:25:02.980 --> 00:25:03.460
 the women would

00:25:03.460 --> 00:25:04.360
 come out looking

00:25:04.360 --> 00:25:05.039
 better than they

00:25:05.039 --> 00:25:05.339
 do,

00:25:05.420 --> 00:25:05.980
 don't you think

00:25:05.980 --> 00:25:06.259
 that?

00:25:07.779 --> 00:25:10.519
 And you'd

00:25:10.519 --> 00:25:11.240
 think he'd

00:25:11.240 --> 00:25:11.759
 end it in a

00:25:11.759 --> 00:25:12.359
 different type

00:25:12.359 --> 00:25:12.819
 of way.

00:25:13.900 --> 00:25:14.639
 But, you know,

00:25:14.700 --> 00:25:15.299
 here's the thing,

00:25:15.460 --> 00:25:16.220
 the text doesn't

00:25:16.220 --> 00:25:16.940
 really look at all

00:25:16.940 --> 00:25:17.759
 like Mark's being

00:25:17.759 --> 00:25:19.000
 gullible about it,

00:25:19.039 --> 00:25:19.920
 it looks like he

00:25:19.920 --> 00:25:20.539
 wants to try to

00:25:20.539 --> 00:25:21.339
 emphasize in the

00:25:21.339 --> 00:25:23.480
 most, in quite

00:25:23.480 --> 00:25:24.599
 intimate detail

00:25:24.599 --> 00:25:25.779
 that not only did

00:25:25.779 --> 00:25:26.740
 Jesus die on the

00:25:26.740 --> 00:25:27.519
 cross, but that

00:25:27.519 --> 00:25:28.839
 absolutely nobody

00:25:28.839 --> 00:25:30.019
 expected anything

00:25:30.019 --> 00:25:30.740
 other than a

00:25:30.740 --> 00:25:31.799
 stinking corpse.

00:25:32.839 --> 00:25:33.480
 And it doesn't

00:25:33.480 --> 00:25:34.559
 come across as

00:25:34.559 --> 00:25:35.220
 very gullible.

00:25:36.240 --> 00:25:36.619
 And then,

00:25:36.720 --> 00:25:37.139
 and here's the

00:25:37.139 --> 00:25:37.900
 thing about bias.

00:25:39.059 --> 00:25:40.500
 I became a

00:25:40.500 --> 00:25:41.680
 Christian, I'm

00:25:41.680 --> 00:25:42.900
 ancient of days

00:25:42.900 --> 00:25:43.940
 and so I'm from,

00:25:44.119 --> 00:25:44.880
 I went to high

00:25:44.880 --> 00:25:45.500
 school in Ontario,

00:25:45.720 --> 00:25:46.259
 they used to go

00:25:46.259 --> 00:25:46.940
 to grade 13,

00:25:47.420 --> 00:25:47.980
 I became a

00:25:47.980 --> 00:25:48.859
 Christian grade 12

00:25:48.859 --> 00:25:51.759
 and I had lots

00:25:51.759 --> 00:25:52.440
 of conversations

00:25:52.440 --> 00:25:54.019
 with people and

00:25:54.019 --> 00:25:55.099
 all the way

00:25:55.099 --> 00:25:55.720
 through grade 12,

00:25:55.799 --> 00:25:56.079
 all the way

00:25:56.079 --> 00:25:56.779
 through grade 13,

00:25:56.880 --> 00:25:57.160
 all the way

00:25:57.160 --> 00:25:57.740
 through first year

00:25:57.740 --> 00:25:58.920
 university and

00:25:58.920 --> 00:25:59.799
 well into second

00:25:59.799 --> 00:26:00.400
 year university,

00:26:00.480 --> 00:26:00.740
 one of the

00:26:00.740 --> 00:26:01.720
 constant problems

00:26:01.720 --> 00:26:02.079
 that I would

00:26:02.079 --> 00:26:02.720
 have talking to

00:26:02.720 --> 00:26:03.180
 people was that

00:26:03.180 --> 00:26:04.059
 they would try

00:26:04.059 --> 00:26:04.519
 to say that

00:26:04.519 --> 00:26:05.019
 they couldn't,

00:26:05.079 --> 00:26:05.559
 I couldn't,

00:26:05.680 --> 00:26:06.180
 they couldn't

00:26:06.180 --> 00:26:06.799
 listen to what I

00:26:06.799 --> 00:26:07.200
 have to say

00:26:07.200 --> 00:26:07.720
 because of my

00:26:07.720 --> 00:26:08.180
 bias.

00:26:08.180 --> 00:26:08.900
 And then,

00:26:09.019 --> 00:26:09.480
 believe it or

00:26:09.480 --> 00:26:09.840
 not,

00:26:10.160 --> 00:26:11.320
 in second year

00:26:11.320 --> 00:26:12.700
 sociology,

00:26:13.299 --> 00:26:14.220
 the light bulb

00:26:14.220 --> 00:26:15.160
 went on in my

00:26:15.160 --> 00:26:16.380
 head because I

00:26:16.380 --> 00:26:17.840
 studied Max Weber,

00:26:18.539 --> 00:26:19.120
 one of the

00:26:19.120 --> 00:26:19.840
 founders of

00:26:19.840 --> 00:26:20.420
 sociology,

00:26:20.779 --> 00:26:21.460
 and I started

00:26:21.460 --> 00:26:22.100
 to become familiar

00:26:22.100 --> 00:26:22.759
 with the sociology

00:26:22.759 --> 00:26:23.680
 of knowledge.

00:26:24.080 --> 00:26:24.640
 And what I

00:26:24.640 --> 00:26:25.660
 learned was that

00:26:25.660 --> 00:26:27.220
 everyone has

00:26:27.220 --> 00:26:27.900
 bias.

00:26:30.560 --> 00:26:31.860
 And all these

00:26:31.860 --> 00:26:32.539
 people who were

00:26:32.539 --> 00:26:33.259
 talking to me,

00:26:33.320 --> 00:26:33.980
 trying to beat me

00:26:33.980 --> 00:26:34.820
 up about bias,

00:26:34.960 --> 00:26:35.980
 they talked as if

00:26:35.980 --> 00:26:38.319
 every time that

00:26:38.319 --> 00:26:38.740
 we were in the

00:26:38.740 --> 00:26:39.140
 room, there was

00:26:39.140 --> 00:26:39.920
 only one person

00:26:39.920 --> 00:26:41.700
 with bias, me.

00:26:42.519 --> 00:26:43.620
 But the sociology

00:26:43.620 --> 00:26:44.900
 of knowledge says

00:26:44.900 --> 00:26:45.180
 what?

00:26:45.400 --> 00:26:46.380
 Who has bias?

00:26:47.140 --> 00:26:48.500
 Everyone has

00:26:48.500 --> 00:26:49.200
 bias.

00:26:49.920 --> 00:26:50.519
 You don't think

00:26:50.519 --> 00:26:51.220
 atheists have

00:26:51.220 --> 00:26:51.720
 bias?

00:26:52.420 --> 00:26:53.299
 Read Weber,

00:26:53.799 --> 00:26:54.740
 study the sociology

00:26:54.740 --> 00:26:55.640
 of knowledge.

00:26:56.620 --> 00:26:57.400
 You don't think

00:26:57.400 --> 00:26:58.519
 Islam or

00:26:58.519 --> 00:26:59.420
 Buddhists or

00:26:59.420 --> 00:27:00.360
 New Age have

00:27:00.360 --> 00:27:00.799
 bias?

00:27:01.120 --> 00:27:02.420
 No, that's not

00:27:02.420 --> 00:27:03.099
 how it works.

00:27:03.240 --> 00:27:04.180
 Every human being

00:27:04.180 --> 00:27:05.099
 has bias.

00:27:05.980 --> 00:27:07.039
 In fact,

00:27:07.400 --> 00:27:07.900
 even at a

00:27:07.900 --> 00:27:08.640
 scientific level

00:27:08.640 --> 00:27:09.539
 with experiments,

00:27:09.779 --> 00:27:10.339
 you look at

00:27:10.339 --> 00:27:10.980
 Heisenberg,

00:27:11.059 --> 00:27:11.720
 and Heisenberg

00:27:11.720 --> 00:27:12.860
 has shown that

00:27:12.860 --> 00:27:13.420
 the problem,

00:27:13.620 --> 00:27:14.019
 even there's

00:27:14.019 --> 00:27:14.720
 going to be

00:27:14.720 --> 00:27:15.259
 always a

00:27:15.259 --> 00:27:16.180
 fundamental limit

00:27:16.180 --> 00:27:16.920
 to scientific

00:27:16.920 --> 00:27:17.819
 knowledge because

00:27:17.819 --> 00:27:18.900
 even the act of

00:27:18.900 --> 00:27:20.400
 observing scientific

00:27:20.400 --> 00:27:21.920
 things changes

00:27:21.920 --> 00:27:23.220
 the reality.

00:27:23.920 --> 00:27:24.299
 And that,

00:27:24.680 --> 00:27:25.460
 the question then

00:27:25.460 --> 00:27:26.019
 comes back,

00:27:26.120 --> 00:27:26.620
 and for many

00:27:26.620 --> 00:27:27.079
 people,

00:27:27.860 --> 00:27:28.819
 the response to

00:27:28.819 --> 00:27:29.900
 that knowledge

00:27:29.900 --> 00:27:31.240
 of constant bias

00:27:31.240 --> 00:27:32.440
 is a type of

00:27:32.440 --> 00:27:33.339
 cynicism and a

00:27:33.339 --> 00:27:34.339
 type of despair.

00:27:34.339 --> 00:27:34.419
 fear.

00:27:34.819 --> 00:27:35.500
 But all it's

00:27:35.500 --> 00:27:36.299
 actually asking

00:27:36.299 --> 00:27:36.779
 us to do

00:27:36.779 --> 00:27:37.459
 is do something

00:27:37.459 --> 00:27:37.939
 else.

00:27:38.759 --> 00:27:39.500
 Be humble.

00:27:41.099 --> 00:27:41.919
 Don't think

00:27:41.919 --> 00:27:42.659
 you're God.

00:27:44.159 --> 00:27:45.179
 Be aware of

00:27:45.179 --> 00:27:45.799
 the fact,

00:27:46.939 --> 00:27:47.379
 and that's

00:27:47.379 --> 00:27:47.919
 actually what the

00:27:47.919 --> 00:27:48.679
 Bible would tell

00:27:48.679 --> 00:27:48.959
 you,

00:27:49.500 --> 00:27:50.859
 that the human

00:27:50.859 --> 00:27:51.579
 problem is

00:27:51.579 --> 00:27:52.079
 pride,

00:27:53.079 --> 00:27:54.039
 and that when

00:27:54.039 --> 00:27:54.879
 our pride is

00:27:54.879 --> 00:27:55.339
 pierced,

00:27:55.419 --> 00:27:56.179
 we tend towards

00:27:56.179 --> 00:27:56.939
 cynicism and

00:27:56.939 --> 00:27:57.500
 despair.

00:27:58.459 --> 00:27:59.220
 And the Bible

00:27:59.220 --> 00:28:00.019
 merely wants us

00:28:00.019 --> 00:28:00.759
 to understand

00:28:00.759 --> 00:28:01.179
 that we're

00:28:01.179 --> 00:28:01.859
 creatures,

00:28:01.859 --> 00:28:03.219
 that as

00:28:03.219 --> 00:28:03.879
 creatures we

00:28:03.879 --> 00:28:04.679
 are limited,

00:28:05.779 --> 00:28:06.299
 and because

00:28:06.299 --> 00:28:06.879
 we're limited

00:28:06.879 --> 00:28:07.519
 we will never

00:28:07.519 --> 00:28:08.459
 know everything,

00:28:09.419 --> 00:28:10.119
 and because

00:28:10.119 --> 00:28:10.819
 of sin there

00:28:10.819 --> 00:28:11.379
 will always

00:28:11.379 --> 00:28:12.259
 be bias,

00:28:13.439 --> 00:28:14.019
 and so the

00:28:14.019 --> 00:28:15.079
 question that

00:28:15.079 --> 00:28:15.619
 needs to come

00:28:15.619 --> 00:28:16.500
 before us is

00:28:16.500 --> 00:28:17.500
 to be humble,

00:28:17.919 --> 00:28:18.779
 not to believe

00:28:18.779 --> 00:28:19.319
 that you can't

00:28:19.319 --> 00:28:20.079
 know things,

00:28:20.639 --> 00:28:21.459
 but to be

00:28:21.459 --> 00:28:21.839
 humble.

00:28:23.959 --> 00:28:24.439
 And so,

00:28:25.599 --> 00:28:27.559
 Mark has

00:28:27.559 --> 00:28:28.279
 no more bias

00:28:28.279 --> 00:28:28.699
 than anybody

00:28:28.699 --> 00:28:29.039
 who asks

00:28:29.039 --> 00:28:29.899
 questions against

00:28:29.899 --> 00:28:30.119
 it.

00:28:30.119 --> 00:28:30.799
 I mean,

00:28:30.839 --> 00:28:31.279
 the question

00:28:31.279 --> 00:28:31.779
 really would

00:28:31.779 --> 00:28:32.119
 be,

00:28:34.039 --> 00:28:34.279
 is,

00:28:35.139 --> 00:28:35.639
 in fact,

00:28:36.099 --> 00:28:37.259
 excuse me,

00:28:38.859 --> 00:28:39.079
 you know,

00:28:39.139 --> 00:28:39.379
 if you read,

00:28:39.459 --> 00:28:40.119
 I love reading

00:28:40.119 --> 00:28:40.899
 detective novels,

00:28:41.219 --> 00:28:42.439
 I love a novel

00:28:42.439 --> 00:28:43.039
 where somebody

00:28:43.039 --> 00:28:43.559
 dies,

00:28:44.199 --> 00:28:45.939
 and the type

00:28:45.939 --> 00:28:46.419
 of detective

00:28:46.419 --> 00:28:47.079
 novels that I

00:28:47.079 --> 00:28:47.759
 most like

00:28:47.759 --> 00:28:48.799
 are ones

00:28:48.799 --> 00:28:49.819
 often with a

00:28:49.819 --> 00:28:50.659
 fairly damaged

00:28:50.659 --> 00:28:51.199
 type of

00:28:51.199 --> 00:28:51.699
 detective,

00:28:52.399 --> 00:28:52.639
 it doesn't

00:28:52.639 --> 00:28:53.159
 matter if it's

00:28:53.159 --> 00:28:53.879
 male or female,

00:28:54.599 --> 00:28:55.639
 and often in

00:28:55.639 --> 00:28:56.579
 these well-written

00:28:56.579 --> 00:28:57.219
 books that sell

00:28:57.219 --> 00:28:57.979
 lots of copies

00:28:57.979 --> 00:28:58.679
 because we know

00:28:58.679 --> 00:28:59.119
 that it's true

00:28:59.119 --> 00:28:59.779
 of experience,

00:29:00.119 --> 00:29:02.019
 often powerful

00:29:02.019 --> 00:29:02.559
 people,

00:29:03.059 --> 00:29:03.539
 influential

00:29:03.539 --> 00:29:04.179
 people,

00:29:04.859 --> 00:29:06.039
 higher-up

00:29:06.039 --> 00:29:06.500
 people,

00:29:06.859 --> 00:29:08.500
 the betters,

00:29:08.619 --> 00:29:09.399
 you know the

00:29:09.399 --> 00:29:09.899
 betters,

00:29:10.000 --> 00:29:10.239
 you know the

00:29:10.239 --> 00:29:10.579
 people who are

00:29:10.579 --> 00:29:11.299
 better than you,

00:29:11.399 --> 00:29:12.219
 the betters,

00:29:12.679 --> 00:29:14.939
 they don't want

00:29:14.939 --> 00:29:15.419
 to know the

00:29:15.419 --> 00:29:15.699
 truth,

00:29:15.839 --> 00:29:16.500
 they quickly

00:29:16.500 --> 00:29:17.039
 jump to a

00:29:17.039 --> 00:29:17.339
 conclusion,

00:29:17.459 --> 00:29:17.739
 they don't want

00:29:17.739 --> 00:29:18.059
 to know the

00:29:18.059 --> 00:29:18.239
 truth,

00:29:18.339 --> 00:29:19.039
 and what often

00:29:19.039 --> 00:29:19.799
 drives the

00:29:19.799 --> 00:29:21.199
 story is the

00:29:21.199 --> 00:29:22.239
 detective often

00:29:22.239 --> 00:29:23.000
 during having

00:29:23.000 --> 00:29:24.079
 to deal with

00:29:24.079 --> 00:29:25.839
 threats to his

00:29:25.839 --> 00:29:26.719
 or her career,

00:29:27.519 --> 00:29:28.559
 threats to whether

00:29:28.559 --> 00:29:29.179
 or not they're

00:29:29.180 --> 00:29:29.480
 going to have

00:29:29.480 --> 00:29:30.019
 to be put on

00:29:30.019 --> 00:29:30.460
 administrative

00:29:30.460 --> 00:29:31.080
 leave or

00:29:31.080 --> 00:29:31.940
 outright fired,

00:29:32.240 --> 00:29:33.840
 they persevere in

00:29:33.840 --> 00:29:34.460
 knowing the

00:29:34.460 --> 00:29:36.200
 truth because

00:29:36.200 --> 00:29:37.160
 they believe that

00:29:37.160 --> 00:29:38.660
 the evidence doesn't

00:29:38.660 --> 00:29:39.220
 point in a

00:29:39.220 --> 00:29:39.960
 particular way,

00:29:40.440 --> 00:29:41.160
 and so what we

00:29:41.160 --> 00:29:42.060
 see from detective

00:29:42.060 --> 00:29:42.660
 novels, what we

00:29:42.660 --> 00:29:43.460
 see from experience

00:29:43.460 --> 00:29:44.799
 is that in fact it's

00:29:44.799 --> 00:29:46.100
 a common human

00:29:46.100 --> 00:29:48.799
 problem to stop

00:29:48.799 --> 00:29:50.240
 pursuing the

00:29:50.240 --> 00:29:50.560
 truth,

00:29:51.560 --> 00:29:52.259
 and the question

00:29:52.259 --> 00:29:53.120
 isn't whether or

00:29:53.120 --> 00:29:54.279
 not it's just a

00:29:54.279 --> 00:29:55.000
 Christian problem,

00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:56.340
 it's a common human

00:29:56.339 --> 00:29:57.819
 problem, which we

00:29:57.819 --> 00:29:58.699
 all at one level,

00:29:59.019 --> 00:29:59.939
 nobody I think ever

00:29:59.939 --> 00:30:00.779
 reads a detective

00:30:00.779 --> 00:30:01.839
 novel identifying

00:30:01.839 --> 00:30:03.299
 with the mindless

00:30:03.299 --> 00:30:04.299
 bureaucrats.

00:30:06.199 --> 00:30:07.299
 If I'm wrong

00:30:07.299 --> 00:30:07.879
 about that and

00:30:07.879 --> 00:30:08.439
 you say, oh yeah,

00:30:08.519 --> 00:30:09.059
 the thing I love

00:30:09.059 --> 00:30:09.859
 about those novels

00:30:09.859 --> 00:30:10.659
 are the mindless

00:30:10.659 --> 00:30:11.439
 bureaucrats who

00:30:11.439 --> 00:30:11.939
 make up their

00:30:11.939 --> 00:30:12.519
 mind and they're

00:30:12.519 --> 00:30:13.419
 only concerned with

00:30:13.419 --> 00:30:14.000
 their own position

00:30:14.000 --> 00:30:15.619
 in power and how

00:30:15.619 --> 00:30:16.139
 things are going to

00:30:16.139 --> 00:30:16.579
 look on them,

00:30:16.619 --> 00:30:17.059
 those are the

00:30:17.059 --> 00:30:17.659
 people, that's

00:30:17.659 --> 00:30:18.199
 why I read those

00:30:18.199 --> 00:30:19.879
 books, that's me,

00:30:20.139 --> 00:30:21.299
 oh, look at me,

00:30:21.299 --> 00:30:23.720
 maybe that's the

00:30:23.720 --> 00:30:24.720
 case, okay, but

00:30:24.720 --> 00:30:25.839
 I'm guessing that

00:30:25.839 --> 00:30:26.599
 even if in real

00:30:26.599 --> 00:30:27.339
 life you're that

00:30:27.339 --> 00:30:28.539
 mindless bureaucrat

00:30:28.539 --> 00:30:29.299
 fearful of the

00:30:29.299 --> 00:30:30.639
 truth, only concerned

00:30:30.639 --> 00:30:31.240
 with your own

00:30:31.240 --> 00:30:32.099
 position, power,

00:30:32.259 --> 00:30:34.240
 prestige, when it

00:30:34.240 --> 00:30:34.639
 comes to reading

00:30:34.639 --> 00:30:35.339
 these books you

00:30:35.339 --> 00:30:36.279
 identify with the

00:30:36.279 --> 00:30:37.720
 detective seeking

00:30:37.720 --> 00:30:38.460
 truth.

00:30:39.680 --> 00:30:40.720
 In fact, the real

00:30:40.720 --> 00:30:41.720
 question isn't

00:30:41.720 --> 00:30:42.220
 whether or not

00:30:42.220 --> 00:30:43.039
 there's human bias,

00:30:43.180 --> 00:30:43.539
 whether or not

00:30:43.539 --> 00:30:44.159
 there's all these

00:30:44.159 --> 00:30:44.879
 things that want us

00:30:44.879 --> 00:30:45.700
 as human means to

00:30:45.700 --> 00:30:46.319
 stop looking for

00:30:46.319 --> 00:30:47.200
 the truth, the

00:30:47.200 --> 00:30:48.039
 question really is

00:30:48.039 --> 00:30:48.960
 does your

00:30:48.960 --> 00:30:49.859
 philosophy, your

00:30:49.859 --> 00:30:50.599
 theology, does it

00:30:50.599 --> 00:30:51.759
 provide resources

00:30:51.759 --> 00:30:54.219
 and impetus to

00:30:54.219 --> 00:30:55.019
 be more like the

00:30:55.019 --> 00:30:56.079
 detective and

00:30:56.079 --> 00:30:56.859
 less like the

00:30:56.859 --> 00:30:57.500
 bureaucrat?

00:30:59.139 --> 00:30:59.579
 In fact, that's

00:30:59.579 --> 00:31:00.099
 what we see here

00:31:00.099 --> 00:31:00.859
 in the text,

00:31:01.199 --> 00:31:03.339
 because the text

00:31:03.339 --> 00:31:04.919
 is going to hinge

00:31:04.919 --> 00:31:06.000
 everything on the

00:31:06.000 --> 00:31:06.939
 trustworthiness of

00:31:06.939 --> 00:31:08.559
 Jesus upon the

00:31:08.559 --> 00:31:09.539
 empty tomb, upon

00:31:09.539 --> 00:31:10.179
 evidence.

00:31:10.859 --> 00:31:11.399
 In fact, the

00:31:11.399 --> 00:31:12.339
 angel says, look

00:31:12.339 --> 00:31:14.099
 and see, look

00:31:14.099 --> 00:31:14.599
 and see.

00:31:15.059 --> 00:31:15.399
 That's this

00:31:15.399 --> 00:31:17.500
 constant refrain in

00:31:17.500 --> 00:31:18.459
 the scriptures is

00:31:18.459 --> 00:31:19.699
 to think, to

00:31:19.699 --> 00:31:20.539
 look, to

00:31:20.539 --> 00:31:22.259
 search, seek

00:31:22.259 --> 00:31:23.319
 the truth.

00:31:23.920 --> 00:31:24.639
 Seek the

00:31:24.639 --> 00:31:24.960
 truth.

00:31:25.839 --> 00:31:26.559
 I'm not going

00:31:26.559 --> 00:31:27.119
 to deny that

00:31:27.119 --> 00:31:27.779
 there's just as

00:31:27.779 --> 00:31:28.480
 many Christians

00:31:28.480 --> 00:31:29.379
 who are completely

00:31:29.379 --> 00:31:29.700
 and utterly

00:31:29.700 --> 00:31:30.619
 terrified about

00:31:30.619 --> 00:31:31.399
 truth, will

00:31:31.399 --> 00:31:32.240
 refuse to open

00:31:32.240 --> 00:31:32.940
 their minds, will

00:31:32.940 --> 00:31:33.559
 refuse to ask

00:31:33.559 --> 00:31:34.019
 any questions.

00:31:34.119 --> 00:31:34.599
 I'm not going

00:31:34.599 --> 00:31:35.180
 to deny that

00:31:35.180 --> 00:31:36.240
 that happens to

00:31:36.240 --> 00:31:36.700
 Christians.

00:31:37.000 --> 00:31:37.460
 I'm just going

00:31:37.460 --> 00:31:38.019
 to say is that

00:31:38.019 --> 00:31:38.700
 when we as

00:31:38.700 --> 00:31:39.460
 Christians do

00:31:39.460 --> 00:31:40.299
 that, we're

00:31:40.299 --> 00:31:40.920
 going against

00:31:40.920 --> 00:31:41.659
 what the Bible

00:31:41.659 --> 00:31:42.399
 tells us to

00:31:42.399 --> 00:31:44.779
 do, which is

00:31:44.779 --> 00:31:46.159
 to say, George,

00:31:46.319 --> 00:31:47.359
 be very careful.

00:31:47.839 --> 00:31:48.720
 It's very easy

00:31:48.720 --> 00:31:49.380
 for you to be

00:31:49.380 --> 00:31:50.160
 the bureaucrat.

00:31:50.319 --> 00:31:51.220
 I want you to

00:31:51.220 --> 00:31:52.160
 be the detective.

00:31:52.940 --> 00:31:53.539
 That's what the

00:31:53.539 --> 00:31:54.059
 Bible, that's what

00:31:54.059 --> 00:31:54.779
 God is saying in

00:31:54.779 --> 00:31:55.220
 the text.

00:31:56.259 --> 00:31:57.059
 And that's what we

00:31:57.059 --> 00:31:58.220
 see here in Mark,

00:31:58.299 --> 00:31:59.140
 is that Mark even

00:31:59.140 --> 00:32:00.319
 records things in

00:32:00.319 --> 00:32:01.279
 the story that go

00:32:01.279 --> 00:32:02.259
 against his case.

00:32:02.680 --> 00:32:03.319
 The fact that it's

00:32:03.319 --> 00:32:04.500
 women who are the

00:32:04.500 --> 00:32:06.539
 first ones to see

00:32:06.539 --> 00:32:09.180
 that the grave is

00:32:09.180 --> 00:32:09.480
 empty.

00:32:09.620 --> 00:32:10.440
 The fact that the

00:32:10.440 --> 00:32:11.400
 women don't respond

00:32:11.400 --> 00:32:12.140
 to this thing in a

00:32:12.140 --> 00:32:12.860
 very, very good way,

00:32:12.920 --> 00:32:13.759
 that they disobey the

00:32:13.759 --> 00:32:14.440
 angel, that they're

00:32:14.440 --> 00:32:15.680
 not pious, that

00:32:15.680 --> 00:32:17.620
 they're afraid, that

00:32:17.620 --> 00:32:19.160
 Mark is not afraid

00:32:19.160 --> 00:32:20.900
 to record things

00:32:20.900 --> 00:32:21.960
 that seem to go

00:32:21.960 --> 00:32:23.059
 against his case.

00:32:24.080 --> 00:32:24.900
 And I would say

00:32:24.900 --> 00:32:25.500
 that the implication

00:32:25.500 --> 00:32:26.740
 is that he just

00:32:26.740 --> 00:32:27.360
 wants to try to

00:32:27.360 --> 00:32:28.120
 get it right.

00:32:28.920 --> 00:32:29.759
 He just wants to

00:32:29.759 --> 00:32:30.299
 try to get it

00:32:30.299 --> 00:32:30.580
 right.

00:32:31.400 --> 00:32:32.960
 And even, you

00:32:32.960 --> 00:32:33.480
 know, even this

00:32:33.480 --> 00:32:34.200
 idea that somehow

00:32:34.200 --> 00:32:34.700
 there's this

00:32:34.700 --> 00:32:35.539
 conspiracy, that

00:32:35.539 --> 00:32:36.140
 there's a group of

00:32:36.140 --> 00:32:36.600
 people who want to

00:32:36.600 --> 00:32:37.240
 try to change the

00:32:37.240 --> 00:32:37.500
 Bible.

00:32:37.860 --> 00:32:38.279
 You know, I've

00:32:38.279 --> 00:32:38.779
 heard that all the

00:32:38.779 --> 00:32:38.960
 time.

00:32:39.019 --> 00:32:40.200
 Do you realize that

00:32:40.200 --> 00:32:41.240
 just under a hundred

00:32:41.240 --> 00:32:41.940
 years ago, there

00:32:41.940 --> 00:32:42.680
 actually was an

00:32:42.680 --> 00:32:44.019
 historical, there's

00:32:44.019 --> 00:32:45.359
 an historical case

00:32:45.359 --> 00:32:46.940
 of people trying

00:32:46.940 --> 00:32:47.720
 to do that to the

00:32:47.720 --> 00:32:48.079
 Bible.

00:32:48.240 --> 00:32:48.900
 Did you know that?

00:32:49.740 --> 00:32:50.639
 It's called Jehovah

00:32:50.639 --> 00:32:51.339
 Witnesses.

00:32:53.079 --> 00:32:54.379
 I'm not making

00:32:54.379 --> 00:32:54.900
 that up.

00:32:55.920 --> 00:32:57.019
 Jehovah Witnesses

00:32:57.019 --> 00:32:58.299
 just decided that

00:32:58.299 --> 00:32:59.079
 there's parts of the

00:32:59.079 --> 00:32:59.740
 Bible that they

00:32:59.740 --> 00:33:00.420
 don't like.

00:33:01.160 --> 00:33:02.079
 If you read a

00:33:02.079 --> 00:33:02.779
 Jehovah Witness

00:33:02.779 --> 00:33:05.139
 Bible, it will

00:33:05.139 --> 00:33:05.980
 have, in very

00:33:05.980 --> 00:33:07.039
 significant places,

00:33:07.180 --> 00:33:07.920
 it'll be different

00:33:07.920 --> 00:33:08.680
 than your Bible.

00:33:09.599 --> 00:33:10.559
 And they will tell

00:33:10.559 --> 00:33:11.279
 you that their

00:33:11.279 --> 00:33:11.940
 Bible is more

00:33:11.940 --> 00:33:12.240
 accurate.

00:33:12.500 --> 00:33:13.680
 And that's, I

00:33:13.680 --> 00:33:14.060
 almost said a

00:33:14.060 --> 00:33:14.440
 bad word.

00:33:14.840 --> 00:33:16.019
 That's not

00:33:16.019 --> 00:33:16.600
 true.

00:33:20.900 --> 00:33:21.920
 Sorry, I almost

00:33:21.920 --> 00:33:22.840
 had a Christian

00:33:22.840 --> 00:33:23.600
 equivalent of a

00:33:23.600 --> 00:33:24.360
 Justin Trudeau

00:33:24.360 --> 00:33:24.759
 moment.

00:33:27.840 --> 00:33:28.920
 And there would

00:33:28.920 --> 00:33:29.620
 have been lots of

00:33:29.620 --> 00:33:30.380
 bad Twitter about

00:33:30.380 --> 00:33:31.680
 me too, and well

00:33:31.680 --> 00:33:32.120
 deserved.

00:33:32.420 --> 00:33:32.980
 Okay, I'm not

00:33:32.980 --> 00:33:33.620
 trying to show I'm

00:33:33.620 --> 00:33:33.759
 middle.

00:33:33.840 --> 00:33:35.259
 I actually am from

00:33:35.259 --> 00:33:37.539
 lower middle class,

00:33:37.600 --> 00:33:37.940
 actually.

00:33:38.480 --> 00:33:39.240
 My dad only had a

00:33:39.240 --> 00:33:40.180
 grade 8 education.

00:33:40.180 --> 00:33:42.880
 So anyway, and

00:33:42.880 --> 00:33:43.420
 from Canadian

00:33:43.420 --> 00:33:44.320
 standards, I went

00:33:44.320 --> 00:33:44.940
 to Carleton and

00:33:44.940 --> 00:33:45.759
 Ottawa U, so I

00:33:45.759 --> 00:33:46.120
 didn't go to

00:33:46.120 --> 00:33:47.060
 high-rate universities

00:33:47.060 --> 00:33:47.820
 like Harvard and

00:33:47.820 --> 00:33:48.460
 Yale and all that

00:33:48.460 --> 00:33:48.720
 stuff.

00:33:48.759 --> 00:33:49.360
 So I have lots

00:33:49.360 --> 00:33:50.220
 stacked against me.

00:33:50.680 --> 00:33:52.279
 Anyway, I

00:33:52.279 --> 00:33:53.259
 completely lost my,

00:33:53.340 --> 00:33:54.100
 where was I?

00:33:54.180 --> 00:33:54.640
 Yes, okay.

00:33:54.880 --> 00:33:56.720
 So, you know, so

00:33:56.720 --> 00:33:57.759
 actually, so people

00:33:57.759 --> 00:33:58.640
 say, oh yeah, yeah,

00:33:58.680 --> 00:33:59.120
 yeah, yeah, you know

00:33:59.120 --> 00:34:00.279
 Constantine changed it,

00:34:00.299 --> 00:34:00.920
 or these bishops

00:34:00.920 --> 00:34:01.560
 changed it.

00:34:01.759 --> 00:34:02.480
 Well, the fact of the

00:34:02.480 --> 00:34:03.420
 matter is, is that

00:34:03.420 --> 00:34:04.240
 Jehovah Witnesses

00:34:04.240 --> 00:34:05.019
 tried to do that.

00:34:05.019 --> 00:34:07.599
 Now, who uses a

00:34:07.599 --> 00:34:08.440
 Jehovah's Witness

00:34:08.440 --> 00:34:09.360
 Bible other than

00:34:09.360 --> 00:34:10.079
 Jehovah's Witness?

00:34:10.820 --> 00:34:11.360
 Nobody.

00:34:12.960 --> 00:34:14.679
 Nobody, as they say

00:34:14.679 --> 00:34:15.420
 on television.

00:34:15.880 --> 00:34:16.800
 Like, it just hasn't

00:34:16.800 --> 00:34:17.340
 worked.

00:34:18.239 --> 00:34:18.980
 Like, it just hasn't

00:34:18.980 --> 00:34:19.340
 worked.

00:34:19.699 --> 00:34:20.679
 And all this other

00:34:20.679 --> 00:34:21.860
 stuff about the Bible,

00:34:22.079 --> 00:34:22.780
 the fact of the

00:34:22.780 --> 00:34:23.840
 matter is, is that

00:34:23.840 --> 00:34:24.920
 there's no document

00:34:24.920 --> 00:34:26.679
 in ancient times that

00:34:26.679 --> 00:34:27.699
 has more different

00:34:27.699 --> 00:34:28.259
 copies.

00:34:28.579 --> 00:34:29.659
 Copies not only in

00:34:29.659 --> 00:34:30.559
 Greek, but also in

00:34:30.559 --> 00:34:31.559
 Latin and in many

00:34:31.559 --> 00:34:32.400
 other languages.

00:34:32.820 --> 00:34:33.380
 That part of the

00:34:33.380 --> 00:34:34.539
 reason that we know

00:34:34.539 --> 00:34:35.159
 that Mark was

00:34:35.159 --> 00:34:35.719
 probably written in

00:34:35.719 --> 00:34:36.820
 around the year 55

00:34:36.820 --> 00:34:37.880
 is that because very

00:34:37.880 --> 00:34:38.779
 shortly after this,

00:34:38.880 --> 00:34:39.440
 lots of other

00:34:39.440 --> 00:34:40.159
 Christians were

00:34:40.159 --> 00:34:40.960
 writing letters, and

00:34:40.960 --> 00:34:41.920
 we have copies of

00:34:41.920 --> 00:34:43.119
 those letters, and

00:34:43.119 --> 00:34:44.219
 they're saying that

00:34:44.219 --> 00:34:45.500
 Mark wrote this time,

00:34:45.719 --> 00:34:46.739
 and John did this,

00:34:47.139 --> 00:34:48.579
 and Peter did this,

00:34:48.599 --> 00:34:49.380
 and this is how Paul

00:34:49.380 --> 00:34:51.460
 died, and it's

00:34:51.460 --> 00:34:52.420
 because the

00:34:52.420 --> 00:34:54.659
 Christians, at their

00:34:54.659 --> 00:34:55.980
 best, following the

00:34:55.980 --> 00:34:57.099
 Bible, aren't afraid

00:34:57.099 --> 00:34:59.880
 of the truth, and so

00:34:59.880 --> 00:35:00.920
 people study all the

00:35:00.920 --> 00:35:01.719
 different versions of

00:35:01.719 --> 00:35:02.779
 the Bible, and it's

00:35:02.779 --> 00:35:03.119
 correct.

00:35:03.119 --> 00:35:04.000
 You know the

00:35:04.000 --> 00:35:05.099
 principle that people

00:35:05.099 --> 00:35:05.500
 use?

00:35:05.579 --> 00:35:06.799
 This is not common

00:35:06.799 --> 00:35:07.000
 knowledge.

00:35:07.059 --> 00:35:07.480
 It's not on the

00:35:07.480 --> 00:35:08.099
 front page of the

00:35:08.099 --> 00:35:08.779
 Citizen or anything

00:35:08.779 --> 00:35:09.319
 like this when they

00:35:09.319 --> 00:35:10.079
 talk about things like

00:35:10.079 --> 00:35:11.819
 the Bible, but if you

00:35:11.819 --> 00:35:12.539
 go back and you read

00:35:12.539 --> 00:35:13.079
 the academic

00:35:13.079 --> 00:35:14.279
 commentaries on this,

00:35:14.500 --> 00:35:15.400
 the principle they

00:35:15.400 --> 00:35:16.639
 use is if you have

00:35:16.639 --> 00:35:17.980
 two early documents

00:35:17.980 --> 00:35:20.339
 that have, and they

00:35:20.339 --> 00:35:21.359
 differ in terms of

00:35:21.359 --> 00:35:23.139
 the wording, what is

00:35:23.139 --> 00:35:24.299
 it that scholars say?

00:35:25.799 --> 00:35:28.559
 The way bias works is

00:35:28.559 --> 00:35:29.759
 that people will smooth

00:35:29.759 --> 00:35:31.139
 out difficulties, not

00:35:31.139 --> 00:35:32.359
 create difficulties.

00:35:33.119 --> 00:35:35.659
 And so some early

00:35:35.659 --> 00:35:37.159
 scribe, noticing that

00:35:37.159 --> 00:35:38.559
 in chapter 6, Mary's

00:35:38.559 --> 00:35:39.339
 referred to as a

00:35:39.339 --> 00:35:40.019
 certain way, and now

00:35:40.019 --> 00:35:40.719
 seeing that in chapter

00:35:40.719 --> 00:35:42.059
 15, verse 47, and

00:35:42.059 --> 00:35:44.539
 chapter 16, verse 1, that

00:35:44.539 --> 00:35:46.019
 she's not referred to the

00:35:46.019 --> 00:35:47.639
 same way, and because the

00:35:47.639 --> 00:35:48.779
 scribe doesn't want to

00:35:48.779 --> 00:35:50.420
 cause needless confusion,

00:35:50.880 --> 00:35:51.880
 sort of he looks over his

00:35:51.880 --> 00:35:52.679
 shoulder to the left and

00:35:52.679 --> 00:35:53.719
 the right, and he changes

00:35:53.719 --> 00:35:55.099
 the wording to smooth over

00:35:55.099 --> 00:35:55.719
 the difficulty.

00:35:56.079 --> 00:35:56.880
 So the rule in

00:35:56.880 --> 00:35:58.779
 scholarship is you take the

00:35:58.780 --> 00:36:01.460
 difficult reading, always.

00:36:03.380 --> 00:36:04.500
 And so when you have, I'm

00:36:04.500 --> 00:36:05.800
 using the ESV, when you

00:36:05.800 --> 00:36:07.760
 use the ESV, this is the

00:36:07.760 --> 00:36:09.600
 result of scholars studying

00:36:09.600 --> 00:36:11.280
 thousands of documents,

00:36:11.440 --> 00:36:13.320
 always taking the difficult

00:36:13.320 --> 00:36:15.140
 reading, not the easy one.

00:36:16.820 --> 00:36:18.360
 In fact, it's often people

00:36:18.360 --> 00:36:19.960
 like Elaine Pagels and often

00:36:19.960 --> 00:36:21.600
 skeptics who take fanciful

00:36:21.600 --> 00:36:22.900
 interpretation, fanciful

00:36:22.900 --> 00:36:24.220
 things, not the difficult one,

00:36:24.560 --> 00:36:25.360
 believe it or not.

00:36:25.360 --> 00:36:29.240
 And that's why you can have

00:36:29.240 --> 00:36:32.720
 99.999% that what you read

00:36:32.720 --> 00:36:35.099
 here is a faithful English

00:36:35.099 --> 00:36:37.420
 translation of a document

00:36:37.420 --> 00:36:39.240
 that Mark wrote in the year

00:36:39.240 --> 00:36:42.559
 55, 22 years after the death

00:36:42.559 --> 00:36:43.880
 and resurrection of Jesus.

00:36:45.539 --> 00:36:47.360
 Put up the next point, please.

00:36:48.500 --> 00:36:51.360
 The Gospel of Mark is an early

00:36:51.360 --> 00:36:53.340
 and accurate account of Jesus

00:36:53.340 --> 00:36:56.900
 based on eyewitness testimony.

00:36:57.820 --> 00:36:59.500
 The Gospel of Mark is an early

00:36:59.500 --> 00:37:01.519
 and accurate account of Jesus

00:37:01.519 --> 00:37:04.340
 based on eyewitness testimony.

00:37:05.200 --> 00:37:07.039
 Just one little, I have to say

00:37:07.039 --> 00:37:07.700
 this, I'm sorry.

00:37:08.140 --> 00:37:09.900
 The fact is that, for instance,

00:37:11.280 --> 00:37:14.640
 Islam, without a tradition of

00:37:14.640 --> 00:37:17.519
 asking hard questions, while

00:37:17.519 --> 00:37:19.100
 Muslims will tell you that the

00:37:19.100 --> 00:37:21.200
 Quran is perfect word for word,

00:37:21.199 --> 00:37:23.439
 just as it came to Muhammad.

00:37:24.299 --> 00:37:25.259
 The fact of the matter is

00:37:25.259 --> 00:37:27.299
 is that nobody knows the actual

00:37:27.299 --> 00:37:29.619
 proper original text of the

00:37:29.619 --> 00:37:29.839
 Quran.

00:37:32.359 --> 00:37:34.759
 There's three early writers of

00:37:34.759 --> 00:37:35.279
 the Quran.

00:37:36.039 --> 00:37:37.079
 Muhammad didn't write.

00:37:37.759 --> 00:37:39.159
 Three early writers of the

00:37:39.159 --> 00:37:41.319
 Quran, they don't all have the

00:37:41.319 --> 00:37:43.179
 same bits in the Quran.

00:37:44.299 --> 00:37:45.779
 And because there is no

00:37:45.779 --> 00:37:47.819
 historical tradition of

00:37:47.819 --> 00:37:50.199
 criticism, you actually don't

00:37:50.199 --> 00:37:51.119
 know what's in the Quran.

00:37:54.000 --> 00:37:55.279
 It's a very, very difficult

00:37:55.279 --> 00:37:56.480
 thing to say to a Muslim.

00:37:57.519 --> 00:37:59.119
 But it's historically correct.

00:38:00.299 --> 00:38:01.079
 Evidentially correct.

00:38:04.099 --> 00:38:05.259
 Some of you say, but George,

00:38:05.339 --> 00:38:05.539
 okay.

00:38:07.339 --> 00:38:07.619
 What?

00:38:07.879 --> 00:38:08.659
 You said some interesting

00:38:08.659 --> 00:38:09.219
 things.

00:38:10.159 --> 00:38:11.219
 I hadn't realized that there

00:38:11.219 --> 00:38:12.259
 were thousands of early

00:38:12.259 --> 00:38:13.799
 versions of Mark that you have

00:38:13.799 --> 00:38:14.819
 lots to compare it to.

00:38:14.879 --> 00:38:15.879
 You can go across languages

00:38:15.879 --> 00:38:17.839
 that, you know, okay.

00:38:17.840 --> 00:38:19.960
 But even if I grant that the

00:38:19.960 --> 00:38:21.039
 gospel of Mark is an early and

00:38:21.039 --> 00:38:22.600
 accurate account of Jesus based

00:38:22.600 --> 00:38:23.780
 on eyewitness testimony, I mean,

00:38:23.840 --> 00:38:24.360
 come on.

00:38:25.820 --> 00:38:27.559
 It doesn't have a resurrection in

00:38:27.559 --> 00:38:27.760
 it.

00:38:28.340 --> 00:38:29.079
 But it does.

00:38:29.700 --> 00:38:30.680
 It does, doesn't it?

00:38:31.400 --> 00:38:33.740
 Look, let's look at verses

00:38:33.740 --> 00:38:36.380
 four to seven of chapter 16.

00:38:36.440 --> 00:38:37.380
 And looking up, they saw that

00:38:37.380 --> 00:38:38.480
 the stone had been rolled back.

00:38:38.519 --> 00:38:39.380
 It was very large.

00:38:39.380 --> 00:38:40.460
 And entering the tomb, they saw

00:38:40.460 --> 00:38:41.740
 a young man sitting on the right

00:38:41.740 --> 00:38:43.039
 side, dressed in a white robe,

00:38:43.260 --> 00:38:44.320
 and they were alarmed.

00:38:44.619 --> 00:38:46.220
 And he said to them, do not be

00:38:46.220 --> 00:38:46.500
 alarmed.

00:38:46.559 --> 00:38:48.039
 You seek Jesus of Nazareth.

00:38:48.660 --> 00:38:49.900
 They use a very concrete

00:38:49.900 --> 00:38:51.019
 historical term.

00:38:51.180 --> 00:38:52.360
 In fact, they even used the

00:38:52.360 --> 00:38:54.220
 denigrated word, the way of

00:38:54.220 --> 00:38:55.539
 denigrating Jesus that would have

00:38:55.539 --> 00:38:57.599
 been common by Jesus' enemies.

00:38:58.079 --> 00:38:59.200
 Because as some of you have heard

00:38:59.200 --> 00:39:01.039
 me say before, Nazareth was

00:39:01.039 --> 00:39:02.480
 between nowhere and nowhere.

00:39:03.160 --> 00:39:04.660
 So if you were nowhere and you

00:39:04.660 --> 00:39:06.180
 wanted to go to nowhere, you'd go

00:39:06.180 --> 00:39:07.160
 through Nazareth.

00:39:07.940 --> 00:39:09.460
 And so when they said Jesus of

00:39:09.460 --> 00:39:10.799
 Nazareth, it was like saying

00:39:10.799 --> 00:39:11.899
 Jesus of nowhere.

00:39:12.339 --> 00:39:14.099
 I sometimes have joked that if

00:39:14.099 --> 00:39:16.259
 you're, I used to be in Eganville

00:39:16.259 --> 00:39:17.420
 and Combermere and all those

00:39:17.420 --> 00:39:17.659
 areas.

00:39:17.759 --> 00:39:18.500
 There's a little place called

00:39:18.500 --> 00:39:18.940
 Brudenell.

00:39:19.000 --> 00:39:20.299
 Nobody lives in Brudenell anymore.

00:39:20.440 --> 00:39:21.940
 There's a Roman Catholic church.

00:39:22.440 --> 00:39:23.319
 It used to be a rectory.

00:39:23.639 --> 00:39:24.819
 I don't think a priest even lives

00:39:24.819 --> 00:39:25.019
 there.

00:39:25.099 --> 00:39:26.019
 And if you're sort of between,

00:39:26.119 --> 00:39:27.099
 going between nowhere and

00:39:27.099 --> 00:39:28.239
 nowhere, you pass right through

00:39:28.239 --> 00:39:28.759
 Brudenell.

00:39:29.420 --> 00:39:32.279
 And so it's like saying Jesus of

00:39:32.279 --> 00:39:32.839
 Brudenell.

00:39:33.920 --> 00:39:35.739
 It's the opposite of saying Jesus

00:39:35.739 --> 00:39:36.519
 of Harvard.

00:39:37.159 --> 00:39:41.099
 Jesus of Yale, of Oxford, you

00:39:41.099 --> 00:39:42.139
 know, of Stanford.

00:39:43.819 --> 00:39:45.440
 Jesus of the upper class.

00:39:46.339 --> 00:39:47.420
 Jesus of Nazareth.

00:39:47.639 --> 00:39:49.599
 Jesus of nowhere who was

00:39:49.599 --> 00:39:50.059
 crucified.

00:39:50.579 --> 00:39:51.679
 The angel says he's risen.

00:39:52.460 --> 00:39:53.259
 And look at that how I put it.

00:39:53.579 --> 00:39:54.359
 He has risen.

00:39:54.679 --> 00:39:56.039
 He is not here.

00:39:56.839 --> 00:39:57.940
 He has risen.

00:39:58.379 --> 00:39:59.420
 He is not here.

00:39:59.759 --> 00:40:00.339
 Here's the thing.

00:40:01.099 --> 00:40:02.239
 The Bible, you can put it up.

00:40:02.879 --> 00:40:04.179
 In fact, I said the Bible here,

00:40:04.179 --> 00:40:05.299
 but I should really say Mark.

00:40:05.639 --> 00:40:07.119
 Mark teaches two complementary

00:40:07.839 --> 00:40:08.500
 truths.

00:40:09.119 --> 00:40:10.259
 The tomb was empty.

00:40:11.079 --> 00:40:11.960
 The tomb was empty.

00:40:12.119 --> 00:40:12.399
 Why?

00:40:12.599 --> 00:40:14.480
 Because Jesus, in the fullest human

00:40:14.480 --> 00:40:15.839
 sense, was resurrected.

00:40:16.619 --> 00:40:17.839
 And I say in the fullest human

00:40:17.839 --> 00:40:19.960
 sense by meaning whatever it means

00:40:19.960 --> 00:40:21.319
 to be part of a human being, he was

00:40:21.319 --> 00:40:21.799
 resurrected.

00:40:21.960 --> 00:40:23.539
 Whatever it means for a human being

00:40:23.539 --> 00:40:26.039
 to die, that died in Jesus.

00:40:26.460 --> 00:40:27.980
 Whatever it means to be a human being

00:40:27.980 --> 00:40:30.139
 and rise, whatever it means.

00:40:30.280 --> 00:40:31.440
 And you can't have human beings

00:40:31.440 --> 00:40:32.199
 without bodies.

00:40:33.760 --> 00:40:35.019
 Sorry, I was joking a little bit

00:40:35.019 --> 00:40:35.199
 before.

00:40:35.579 --> 00:40:37.599
 I love what Woody Allen said about

00:40:37.599 --> 00:40:38.740
 all these people who are always

00:40:38.740 --> 00:40:40.099
 saying, oh, well, so-and-so has

00:40:40.099 --> 00:40:42.099
 died and they live on in people's

00:40:42.099 --> 00:40:42.420
 memories.

00:40:43.019 --> 00:40:44.340
 And Woody Allen said, I don't want

00:40:44.340 --> 00:40:45.420
 to die and live in people's

00:40:45.420 --> 00:40:45.679
 memories.

00:40:45.760 --> 00:40:46.860
 I want to die and live in my

00:40:46.860 --> 00:40:47.360
 apartment.

00:40:51.139 --> 00:40:52.900
 Living in memories ain't any fun.

00:40:53.199 --> 00:40:54.460
 I want to live in my apartment.

00:40:54.539 --> 00:40:55.579
 I want to live in my condo.

00:40:55.579 --> 00:40:59.480
 And so, you know, it teaches this

00:40:59.480 --> 00:41:04.139
 complementary truth that the tomb is

00:41:04.139 --> 00:41:05.719
 completely and utterly empty and

00:41:05.719 --> 00:41:07.400
 that the reason that the tomb is

00:41:07.400 --> 00:41:09.460
 completely and utterly empty is that

00:41:09.460 --> 00:41:11.299
 Jesus in the fullest human sense,

00:41:11.659 --> 00:41:14.619
 body, soul, spirit, mind, heart, the

00:41:14.619 --> 00:41:16.880
 same person that he rose from the

00:41:16.880 --> 00:41:17.119
 dead.

00:41:17.940 --> 00:41:20.840
 And that's why the tomb is empty.

00:41:21.000 --> 00:41:23.500
 And this is the fundamental empirical

00:41:23.500 --> 00:41:25.259
 claim of the Christian faith.

00:41:25.579 --> 00:41:29.199
 It's the undeniable fact that all the

00:41:29.199 --> 00:41:31.299
 historical evidence, and this not only

00:41:31.299 --> 00:41:33.079
 includes historical evidence, which we

00:41:33.079 --> 00:41:34.920
 now have put together with, this used to

00:41:34.920 --> 00:41:37.179
 have sort of like gold edging, and it's

00:41:37.179 --> 00:41:39.099
 all put, look, fancy, that original, these

00:41:39.099 --> 00:41:40.739
 old scrolly documents.

00:41:41.319 --> 00:41:44.360
 But it's also, if you read Josephus, if

00:41:44.360 --> 00:41:48.139
 you read Latin and Greek historians, they

00:41:48.139 --> 00:41:50.400
 all make the claim that Christians

00:41:50.400 --> 00:41:52.900
 proclaimed that the tomb was empty and

00:41:52.900 --> 00:41:54.579
 that Jesus had risen from the dead.

00:41:54.579 --> 00:41:57.200
 And the easiest way to refute such a

00:41:57.200 --> 00:41:59.800
 bald historical claim was to produce the

00:41:59.800 --> 00:42:00.160
 body.

00:42:01.660 --> 00:42:04.380
 And no body has ever been produced, and no

00:42:04.380 --> 00:42:06.920
 evidence of any existence of Jesus, earthly

00:42:06.920 --> 00:42:09.320
 existence of Jesus afterwards, has ever been

00:42:09.320 --> 00:42:09.840
 produced.

00:42:10.720 --> 00:42:11.280
 Nada.

00:42:11.740 --> 00:42:12.300
 Nothing.

00:42:12.300 --> 00:42:18.519
 And Mark here proclaims, in the face of the

00:42:18.519 --> 00:42:22.260
 skepticism of the women, it's a very, very

00:42:22.260 --> 00:42:25.660
 appropriate gospel for us to read in Ottawa in

00:42:25.660 --> 00:42:29.340
 2014, in the face of skepticism.

00:42:29.340 --> 00:42:33.480
 So the text here shows these complementary

00:42:33.480 --> 00:42:36.260
 truths, that Jesus died and he rose again.

00:42:37.039 --> 00:42:41.559
 And so here's the thing, to wrap this up, to

00:42:41.559 --> 00:42:44.460
 put up the final point, the death and

00:42:44.460 --> 00:42:48.740
 resurrection of Jesus is a full vindication of

00:42:48.740 --> 00:42:48.960
 him.

00:42:49.579 --> 00:42:52.559
 See, there's always the so what question, right?

00:42:53.140 --> 00:42:53.900
 Okay, so what?

00:42:54.559 --> 00:42:55.480
 Huh, so what?

00:42:56.380 --> 00:42:56.980
 Now what?

00:42:57.059 --> 00:42:57.559
 Like, so what?

00:42:57.559 --> 00:42:59.860
 Well, here's the thing.

00:43:00.179 --> 00:43:01.460
 Notice back in the text.

00:43:02.579 --> 00:43:05.659
 Notice verses 6 and 7, what the angel says.

00:43:05.739 --> 00:43:06.400
 Do not be alarmed.

00:43:06.480 --> 00:43:08.400
 You seek Jesus of Nazareth, who was crucified.

00:43:08.579 --> 00:43:09.079
 He is risen.

00:43:09.179 --> 00:43:09.900
 He is not here.

00:43:10.380 --> 00:43:11.440
 See the place where they laid him.

00:43:11.480 --> 00:43:14.219
 But go tell his disciples and Peter that he is

00:43:14.219 --> 00:43:15.360
 going before you to Galilee.

00:43:15.480 --> 00:43:16.460
 There you will see him.

00:43:17.380 --> 00:43:20.539
 Look at these five words.

00:43:20.539 --> 00:43:24.940
 Just as he told you.

00:43:24.940 --> 00:43:30.340
 Just as he told you.

00:43:30.340 --> 00:43:38.079
 In a sense, in fact, actually, if you read the book in the blog that I mentioned by Nabil

00:43:38.079 --> 00:43:44.220
 Qureshi, you'll see that in his intellectual journey, once he came to understand that Jesus

00:43:44.220 --> 00:43:50.240
 really had actually died on the cross, and then suspected that he might have risen from

00:43:50.239 --> 00:43:55.099
 the dead, and then he goes and he rereads the Gospels with a very, very different light.

00:43:56.759 --> 00:44:01.779
 And in a sense, this is an invitation now, oh, just as he said, to go back to the beginning

00:44:01.779 --> 00:44:03.500
 of Mark and read it from the beginning.

00:44:04.339 --> 00:44:07.799
 Because the resurrection vindicates who Jesus is.

00:44:07.800 --> 00:44:11.760
 I don't have time now because of the time, but you go back and you'll see that time and

00:44:11.760 --> 00:44:16.840
 time and time again in the Gospel of Mark, in Mark chapter 8, 31, in Mark chapter 9, verse

00:44:16.840 --> 00:44:22.260
 9, Mark chapter 9, verse 31, Mark chapter 10, verses 32 to 34, and in chapter 14, verse

00:44:22.260 --> 00:44:25.900
 25, Jesus says he's going to die and rise from the dead.

00:44:28.340 --> 00:44:30.240
 And then that leads us to this final thing.

00:44:30.300 --> 00:44:32.280
 What is it that fundamentally it is that Jesus said?

00:44:32.280 --> 00:44:37.880
 I don't have to guess what he said, what the purpose of his coming and what the purpose

00:44:37.880 --> 00:44:39.380
 of his death and resurrection would be.

00:44:39.920 --> 00:44:47.060
 Jesus tells us, Mark's Gospel is structured around three famous I came sayings, where Jesus

00:44:47.060 --> 00:44:51.660
 just very simple, I don't have to try to guess that, just why did Jesus come to do all of

00:44:51.660 --> 00:44:52.100
 these things?

00:44:53.060 --> 00:44:56.580
 Let's turn to the beginning of the Gospel, Mark chapter 1, verse 38.

00:44:58.380 --> 00:45:00.060
 Mark chapter 1, verse 38.

00:45:00.059 --> 00:45:04.279
 Actually, we'll begin in verse 35.

00:45:04.480 --> 00:45:08.039
 And rising very early in the morning, while it was still dark, Jesus departed and went

00:45:08.039 --> 00:45:09.880
 out to a desolate place, and there he prayed.

00:45:10.559 --> 00:45:14.299
 And Simon and those who were with him searched for him, and they found him and said to him,

00:45:14.360 --> 00:45:15.519
 everyone is looking for you.

00:45:15.539 --> 00:45:21.239
 And he said to them, let us go on to the next towns, that I may preach there also, for that

00:45:21.239 --> 00:45:23.059
 is why I came out.

00:45:23.840 --> 00:45:24.860
 That's why I came.

00:45:24.860 --> 00:45:30.780
 And the rest of Mark's Gospel, it's so when you read the Gospel, you go to the end and

00:45:30.780 --> 00:45:35.700
 you go, wow, maybe Jesus really, the tomb really is empty, he rose from the dead.

00:45:35.840 --> 00:45:37.539
 And it's all just as Jesus said.

00:45:37.900 --> 00:45:41.400
 And you go back and you see, oh, one moment, right at the very beginning, Jesus is going

00:45:41.400 --> 00:45:44.099
 to say, Mark's capturing all of Jesus' preaching.

00:45:44.559 --> 00:45:45.840
 And Jesus came to preach.

00:45:45.900 --> 00:45:48.079
 He came to tell us all about what he's going to accomplish.

00:45:48.079 --> 00:45:53.340
 And then in my version of the Bible, I don't think you even have to turn the page, you're

00:45:53.340 --> 00:45:54.119
 just on the same page.

00:45:54.219 --> 00:45:59.299
 Chapter 2, verse 17, right close to the beginning of the Gospel, you have the second I came statement.

00:45:59.380 --> 00:45:59.940
 And what is it?

00:46:00.480 --> 00:46:05.019
 And when Jesus heard it, he said to them, those who are well have no need of a physician, but

00:46:05.019 --> 00:46:05.880
 those who are sick.

00:46:06.319 --> 00:46:09.559
 I came not to call the righteous, but sinners.

00:46:11.099 --> 00:46:16.559
 So Mark's Gospel is all going to be about listening to the teaching of Jesus, and he's speaking

00:46:16.559 --> 00:46:21.320
 not to perfect people, but to ordinary people like you and me who are far from God.

00:46:22.659 --> 00:46:29.420
 And then Mark chapter 10, verse 45, just before it gets into the heart of the Gospel, the story

00:46:29.420 --> 00:46:33.099
 of his betrayal, of his death, and his resurrection.

00:46:33.099 --> 00:46:38.980
 In Mark chapter 10, 45, we have the final great I came statement of Mark.

00:46:40.239 --> 00:46:44.920
 And it's after some of the disciples are trying to figure out who's the greatest.

00:46:44.920 --> 00:46:52.579
 And Jesus says this, for even the Son of Man came not to be served, but to serve and to

00:46:52.579 --> 00:46:55.460
 give his life as a ransom for many.

00:46:56.079 --> 00:46:57.300
 What did Jesus preach?

00:46:57.820 --> 00:47:01.059
 That he didn't come for human beings to serve him.

00:47:01.740 --> 00:47:03.460
 He came to serve human beings.

00:47:04.099 --> 00:47:09.400
 And the way he would serve human beings like you and me who are far from God is by giving

00:47:09.400 --> 00:47:11.700
 his life as a ransom for many.

00:47:11.699 --> 00:47:15.599
 Friends, just in closing, this is dynamite.

00:47:16.119 --> 00:47:23.119
 Let me give you, in one very simple thing, what every religion basically teaches you.

00:47:23.519 --> 00:47:29.379
 What every, even the self-made religions that people are trying to put together in spirituality,

00:47:29.699 --> 00:47:31.579
 they all have one thing in common.

00:47:31.579 --> 00:47:41.519
 They all basically portray a picture of saying, if you don't do too many bad things, and you

00:47:41.519 --> 00:47:48.079
 do enough good things, and you add them up, and if you haven't done too many bad things

00:47:48.079 --> 00:47:52.179
 and you've done more good things, you go to your great reward.

00:47:52.179 --> 00:47:58.779
 Whether that's nirvana, whether that's the end of all things, merge with the one, whether

00:47:58.779 --> 00:48:02.619
 it's just to go and live in your apartment in Manhattan for the rest of your life, like

00:48:02.619 --> 00:48:07.659
 whatever it is, that you don't do too many bad things, you do the right number of good

00:48:07.659 --> 00:48:11.980
 things or above, and basically you go to heaven.

00:48:12.759 --> 00:48:15.719
 And that is the common human religion.

00:48:15.719 --> 00:48:20.239
 The common human thinking of those of us who are far from God.

00:48:20.659 --> 00:48:23.019
 And Jesus says, that's all wrong.

00:48:24.219 --> 00:48:29.839
 Only in the Christian faith is something completely and utterly and radically different proposed.

00:48:30.879 --> 00:48:38.419
 And that is that God comes to pay our debt to free us.

00:48:38.420 --> 00:48:48.460
 That God does something that we cannot do for us.

00:48:49.720 --> 00:48:54.740
 That it's not about us making enough good things so we can climb to heaven, but God reaching

00:48:54.740 --> 00:48:58.180
 down to us to bring us up to him.

00:48:59.360 --> 00:49:05.659
 Not about us putting God in our debt because of our good deeds, but us recognizing that God

00:49:05.659 --> 00:49:09.799
 is never in our debt and that he pays our unpayable debts.

00:49:10.379 --> 00:49:12.440
 And he does that of love for you and me.

00:49:13.319 --> 00:49:22.159
 And that Jesus in his life and death and resurrection is paying our unpayable debt so that we can be

00:49:22.159 --> 00:49:23.839
 free in God.

00:49:25.679 --> 00:49:29.920
 And our human response is to say, thank you, Jesus.

00:49:30.440 --> 00:49:31.679
 Please be my savior.

00:49:32.799 --> 00:49:33.440
 Please stand.

00:49:35.659 --> 00:49:36.659
 Please stand.

00:49:44.259 --> 00:49:48.319
 The Christian way, the Jesus way, is entered one by one.

00:49:48.719 --> 00:49:51.599
 But we walk the Jesus way with Jesus and others.

00:49:52.480 --> 00:49:57.799
 And the Jesus way is entered when we say to Jesus, I realize now what you've done.

00:49:57.859 --> 00:49:58.739
 I turn to you.

00:49:59.460 --> 00:50:01.719
 Please be my savior and my Lord.

00:50:01.839 --> 00:50:04.000
 Come into my life and be my savior and my Lord.

00:50:04.000 --> 00:50:09.880
 And the Christian life is begun by being grasped by the gospel or having the gospel grasp us.

00:50:10.119 --> 00:50:15.239
 But we live the Christian life by being gripped by the gospel as disciples of Jesus learning

00:50:15.239 --> 00:50:16.159
 to live for his glory.

00:50:16.380 --> 00:50:18.340
 It all comes back to the gospel.

00:50:19.920 --> 00:50:22.739
 I'm just going to say, I'm not going to do a sinner's prayer.

00:50:22.860 --> 00:50:27.079
 I'm just going to say to you, if the finger of God is upon you, there's no better time than

00:50:27.079 --> 00:50:28.079
 I'm going to say to you.

00:50:28.079 --> 00:50:32.840
 I'm going to say, Jesus, please make me your disciple gripped by the gospel to live for your glory.

00:50:33.099 --> 00:50:35.019
 Please be my savior and my Lord.

00:50:35.159 --> 00:50:36.119
 Please be in me.

00:50:36.319 --> 00:50:40.139
 And I want you to come into my life and be my savior and my Lord.

00:50:40.639 --> 00:50:46.179
 I believe that you have, the resurrection has vindicated that you have come from God,

00:50:46.259 --> 00:50:49.319
 that you can really and actually do this and have done it.

00:50:49.320 --> 00:50:54.300
 And I urge you to do that today before you leave, to do it now.

00:50:54.559 --> 00:50:55.940
 Stop listening to me, do it now.

00:50:57.180 --> 00:51:02.380
 And for the rest of us, to pray that we will be so gripped by the gospel that as we follow

00:51:02.380 --> 00:51:04.039
 Jesus, that we will live for his glory.

00:51:04.300 --> 00:51:05.180
 Let's bow our heads in prayer.

00:51:08.360 --> 00:51:09.680
 Father, thank you for Jesus.

00:51:10.820 --> 00:51:17.160
 Thank you, Father, for your call for us to seek the truth, to be more like the detectives

00:51:17.159 --> 00:51:24.659
 and less like the bureaucrats, to be willing, Father, even to have people be upset with us

00:51:24.659 --> 00:51:26.059
 because we seek the truth.

00:51:26.219 --> 00:51:30.559
 Father, create within us a great hunger and desire to seek the truth.

00:51:31.059 --> 00:51:32.500
 Thank you, Father, for Jesus.

00:51:32.719 --> 00:51:35.480
 Thank you for what he did upon the cross for us.

00:51:35.599 --> 00:51:37.039
 Thank you for his mighty resurrection.

00:51:37.339 --> 00:51:38.859
 Thank you, Father, that these are true.

00:51:39.519 --> 00:51:43.079
 Make us disciples gripped by the gospel, living for your glory.

00:51:43.299 --> 00:51:44.460
 Father, this is our prayer.

00:51:44.579 --> 00:51:45.819
 This is the cry of our heart.

00:51:45.820 --> 00:51:47.660
 And we ask this in the name of Jesus.

00:51:48.180 --> 00:51:48.500
 Amen.