WEBVTT

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 We'll open up in a word of prayer here and then we'll let Brother Sorensen get started here this morning.

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 And hopefully you brought your notebook and something to write on.

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 If you need something to write on, there should be some notepad stuff at the back there and an ink pen.

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 I encourage you to take a few notes or write down a question.

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 You know, sometimes when things come up, you begin to question of what and the whys or something didn't make sense.

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 I want to encourage you to write that down.

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 And maybe it will get answered a little clearer later.

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 But if not, that way you can go back.

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 Because if you're like me, if you don't write it down, you'll say, I had a question about that, but now I can't remember the question.

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 And so if you write it down, that will be beneficial for you.

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 And take notes of other things along the way and be able to reference back.

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 But let's go ahead and we'll open in a word of prayer.

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 And then we'll turn the rest of the time here for our Sunday school hour over to Brother Sorensen.

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 And so let's go ahead and go to the Lord in prayer here this morning.

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 Heavenly Father, as we come once again, Lord, we're just thankful for the opportunity.

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 Lord, we're thankful that you loved us enough to send Jesus as our Savior.

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 Lord, to pay the price that we could not pay.

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 But Lord, we're thankful for the word of God that declares the truth that we might know and understand.

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 The living word of God.

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 Lord, we pray just have your hand upon the things that are said and done here this morning.

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 Lord, your people be encouraged.

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 Lord, that we'd understand the importance of this topic.

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 That it's not just a preference.

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 It's not just something that just makes for convenience.

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 But Lord, there's a reason.

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 And it's reason behind in the things that you have preserved for us that we might know not only how to be saved.

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 But Lord, how you want us to live in those things that are to come.

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 The promises of what you've given to us.

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 And Lord, we just give you all the praise in Jesus' name.

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 Amen.

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 All right.

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 Brother Sorensen, we'll go ahead and turn the rest of the hour over to you, brother.

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 All right.

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 Thank you.

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 All right.

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 The controversy today is which is the right Bible.

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 And you can go to the religious bookstore and there'll be a whole wall of shelves of all these various different translations.

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 Over here are the pastors.

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 I didn't bring these on the airplane, but there's seven or eight different translations here, folks.

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 There are scores.

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 I'm not exaggerating.

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 There are scores of modern language translations.

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 The issue is not, well, I like this translation better than that translation.

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 Or this translation is easier to read than that translation.

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 That's not the issue, folks.

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 There are two different Greek texts.

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 And most people don't know that.

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 There is, and we'll get into this here shortly, what's called the modern critical text.

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 And there are a number of flavors and manifestations of it.

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 And there is the traditional received text.

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 The King James Bible is based on the traditional received text.

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 The modern critical text has been around 150 years, 140 years, something like that.

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 And it is different.

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 Now, all these modern Bibles are based on this modern critical text.

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 In the modern critical text, they have deleted almost 8,000 words.

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 There are 16 entire verses that have been deleted out of the modern critical text,

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 and they're deleted in those modern Bibles.

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 There are about 256 verses that have significant portions changed, altered, or omitted.

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 There are differences, folks.

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 And here's the sad thing is, many of these differences pertain to the person of our Lord Jesus Christ.

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 In diminishing the Lordship of Christ, the deity of Christ, the creative work of Christ.

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 We're going to get into these more particularly probably Tuesday night.

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 So there are two different lines of Bibles today.

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 And don't be swayed by this business.

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 Well, this translation is easier to read than that translation.

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 And let me just pause for a second to say the King James Bible is not hard to read.

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 But the marketing people of these publishing companies have led people to believe that.

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 There are about 756,000 words in the King James Bible.

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 About roughly 750 of them are archaic.

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 Do the arithmetic.

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 I mean, just a tiny fraction of the words in the King James Bible are archaic.

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 That means old-fashioned or difficult to read.

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 And we live in a high-tech society, folks.

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 You come across a word that you don't understand,

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 you can go here right now and pop into Google in about five seconds and get a word definition.

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 I mean, we are so lazy in America today.

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 And I mean, you used to use an old-fashioned dictionary.

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 But don't believe the business.

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 That's too hard to understand.

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 We'll get into that more in a later message.

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 But today I want to talk to you about the foundational principles.

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 What we have been told, and I say collectively, we, the Christianity for the last 150 or so years,

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 is that all these Bibles are based on the oldest and best manuscripts.

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 How many have ever heard that?

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 Numbers of you have.

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 The oldest and best manuscripts.

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 And those oldest and best manuscripts are two.

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 They don't tell you there's just two, but there's two of them.

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 One is called Codex.

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 That word Codex means, it's a Latin word, which means volume,

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 a book that's bound on the left side.

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 That's what we commonly think of a book today.

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 But prior to that, in ancient times, books were scrolls,

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 particularly in the Old Testament era.

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 But anyway, Codex Sinaiticus.

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 It was a book found at the Mount Sinai.

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 We're going to get into that here this morning.

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 And the other is called Codex Vaticanus.

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 I'll just call them Sinaiticus and Vaticanus.

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 Those are big, highfalutin words.

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 One just means the Book of the Sinai.

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 The other means the Book of the Vatican.

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 That ought to put a red flag up.

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 The Book of the Vatican.

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 And those two manuscripts, almost time for more medicine.

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 Those two manuscripts comprise about 98% of the modern critical text.

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 And so where we're going to go this morning is that those two manuscripts really aren't old.

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 We were told, and we have been told, I say that collectively and editorially,

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 we have been told for 140, 150 years that they go back to the 4th century.

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 That would be about 330 A.D. to 350 A.D.

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 And that they're the oldest, largely complete manuscripts of the New Testament.

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 And the theory is that the oldest manuscripts are closer to the original, it's called the autographs,

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 which no longer exist.

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 And I think God in his wisdoms have seen to it that they do not, because people would worship them as religious relics and religious artifacts, icons.

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 And so those that presumably, allegedly, are closer to the date-wise to the originals must be the closest representation of the New Testament.

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 And we're touching here on another issue, and that is preservation.

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 I believe God has preserved his word.

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 Jesus said, heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words, plural, shall not pass away.

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 These people do not believe that God has preserved his word, or his words particularly.

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 Well, anyway, this idea of the oldest and best, it's been part of fundamentalism, and still is in some segments of fundamentalism today.

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 The fundamentalist institutions over the past century bought into this notion, Bob Jones University, still does to this day, by the way.

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 Tennessee Temple University, my alma mater, the old Pillsbury Baptist Bible College, the GERB schools, there's Faith Baptist College there in Ankeny, Iowa.

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 Central Baptist Seminary, men such as John R. Rice, Richard V. Clearwaters, Northland University, Calvary Seminary, Detroit Seminary.

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 These are all fundamental Baptist institutions.

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 And the prevailing wisdom up until about 50 years ago was, we have to go to the oldest and best manuscripts.

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 But folks, little by little, by the mid-20th century, going back, let's see, it's what, 2024, we go back about 75 years ago.

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 By the middle of the 20th century, serious Bible students are starting to examine this critical text stuff, and we're going to do that, and saying, something's rotten in Denmark.

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 Can Shakespeare say that?

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 Something's not right.

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 Something doesn't add up here.

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 And back in the middle of the 20th century, and even earlier, back into the end of the 19th century, a man by the name of Dean John Bergon wrote several massive works saying that this critical text stuff is not right.

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 And a great proponent of the traditional received text.

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 And by the way, the common term is received text.

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 We'll explain more about this in a later message.

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 I prefer the term traditional text, because the text of the New Testament existed before the term received text ever came to pass.

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 But the traditional text, received text, textus receptus, which is Latin for received text, and then they abbreviate that to TR.

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 They all refer to the same thing, the traditional text of the New Testament, from which the King James Bible is based.

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 But men started studying this issue.

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 Middle of the 20th century, a man by the name of Edward Hills, graduate of Harvard University.

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 David Otis Fuller, Duke Fuller out of Grand Rapids, Michigan.

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 He wrote a book entitled Which Bible, which I read back in the early 1980s.

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 Folks, it changed my life.

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 I mean, I had gone to Central Baptist Theological Seminary in Minneapolis, and though in many ways was a good school, they were wrong on the text issue.

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 And they basically had the philosophy, you know, pick and choose whichever Bible you like.

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 It's kind of like going to the old-fashioned smorgasbord or buffet-type restaurants, you know, pick and choose whatever you want.

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 And the Bible du jour then, the Bible of the day that they were pushing with the New American Standard.

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 And I even used that a little bit early in my ministry.

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 But I read a book by David Otis Fuller back in about 18...1983.

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 And which Bible?

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 We're going to get into the essence of that book on Tuesday night.

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 You don't want to miss that.

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 Men like Theodore Letus, Del Johnson, myself began writing books on this issue.

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 Incidentally, on the table back there, I'm looking...

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 Folks will say, well, I'll come back Tuesday night and buy books.

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 Folks, they may be gone by Tuesday night.

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 I say that just from experience because we're in churches all the time and have about the same amount of books put out.

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 But there's four books back there on the table.

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 I'll say more about each of them.

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 But on this basic issue of the Bible issue, and we're going to talk of one particularly in this hour here today,

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 the neither oldest nor best.

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 But there were winds developing within our fundamentalist movement back at the end of the 20th century.

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 And there were fundamental Baptist Bible colleges and fundamental colleges that adhered to the critical text, folks.

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 They are fading away.

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 Now, that's not true out in the broad evangelical world, but I'm talking within the fundamentalism.

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 Hillsborough Baptist Bible College, my alma mater, is no longer.

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 Clearwater Christian College, which, though not Baptist, was a fundamentalist institution, they're no longer.

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 Calvary Seminary out in Pennsylvania, no longer.

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 Tennessee Temple, no longer.

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 Northland University, no longer.

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 Folks, God does not bless this critical text.

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 And we're going to see why in the next several sessions.

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 And schools that have stood on the received text in the King James Bible continue to be strong and flourish,

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 whether it's West Coast Baptist College or Pensacola Christian College or Fairhaven College or Ambassador College,

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 Dayspring College in northern Illinois.

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 They're flourishing.

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 God blesses a school that upholds His Word.

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 Well, anyway, to get back to what we want to talk about today, neither oldest nor best.

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 Again, the theory behind all these Bibles is that they're based on a text that is based on the oldest manuscripts, Sinaiticus, Vaticanus.

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 So let me tell you the story here of what's going on here just recently.

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 Back in the 1840s, 50s, 60s, things happened that were largely swept under the rug,

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 but high-definition digital photography on the Internet today, which has been available for only about 10 years,

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 as that Vaticanus and Sinaiticus, you can look at it yourself.

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 You don't have to know Greek.

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 You can see there are problems.

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 And so I wrote a book about eight years ago entitled Neither Oldest Nor Best,

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 and the book documents that Sinaiticus is not old, produced in about 1840.

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 Folks, that's not old as far as Bible history is concerned.

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 Another book or manuscript, Vaticanus, was probably produced in about 1435.

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 That's not old by Bible standards.

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 And the whole theory, the whole idea that all these modern Bibles are based on the oldest and best manuscripts,

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 it's a false theory.

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 And this book documents neither oldest nor best.

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 We cannot keep this book in print.

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 And by the way, I only brought one of these along because I only have two left.

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 But the good news is the shipment's coming in probably on Friday this week.

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 And we'll have lots more.

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 And so you'll want to order this.

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 You can see Pam, she'll have you fill out a yellow slip back there.

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 And we'll get these in the mail first thing next week.

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 But this book documents the whole story.

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 We're just going to briefly go through it.

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 And it gets a little complicated at times.

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 But why those primary manuscripts are not old.

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 And it's a fascinating story.

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 Well, and so again, the basic theory of the critical text is these manuscripts are allegedly the oldest

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 and therefore closest to the originals.

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 But let's follow the story today.

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 Here is the conventional wisdom.

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 Here is what I was taught in seminary 60 years ago, 55 years ago.

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 And that is back in about 1843, a man by the name of Tischendorf.

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 Now on Tuesday night, we're going to get into the matter of German rationalism.

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 That is just a fancy name for liberalism.

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 Theological liberalism.

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 Theological liberalism does not believe in the deity of Christ.

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 It does not believe in the verbal inspiration of the Bible.

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 It does not believe in a literal hell.

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 It does not believe in the miracles of the Bible.

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 If anything is not rational, they reject it.

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 And that's largely the liberal line to this day.

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 The National Council of Churches in America is liberal.

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 I mean, they deny or doubt or dispute anything miraculous.

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 Well, anyway, so in 1843, a man by the name of Tischendorf,

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 who was a German rationalist, a liberal, liberal Lutheran,

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 began with the premise that the basic documents of the New Testament

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 have been lost to antiquity.

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 That is, we don't have them anymore, and that's true.

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 And so he did not believe that God had preserved his very words.

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 So he set out on a mission, on a quest,

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 to find the oldest manuscripts of the New Testament,

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 and maybe then we could find out what the Bible really says.

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 Folks, I don't need to find an old manuscript,

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 because it's right here.

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 Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words, plural, shall not pass away.

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 We'll get into that particularly on Wednesday night.

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 And so Tischendorf went to two places in the Mediterranean world

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 that were reputed to have ancient manuscripts.

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 One was a Greek Orthodox, some call it a convent, some a monastery,

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 but it was at the foot of Mount Sinai in Egypt.

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 And indeed, it was quite a repository.

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 We'd call it a library of ancient manuscripts.

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 And so Tischendorf went there.

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 Now here's the conventional story.

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 Here's the conventional wisdom that I was taught.

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 Tischendorf went there, and there in the monastery,

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 he saw in a wastebasket an old manuscript

00:17:08.000 --> 00:17:10.340
 that was laying there and being used as kindling,

00:17:10.460 --> 00:17:13.120
 because in the winter it gets cold in the desert in Egypt,

00:17:13.460 --> 00:17:14.799
 and they had a little wood stove there,

00:17:14.960 --> 00:17:16.960
 and they were using the leaves of this manuscript

00:17:16.960 --> 00:17:20.180
 to kindle the fire to keep the place warm.

00:17:21.100 --> 00:17:26.579
 And he and his nobility rescued this ancient manuscript

00:17:26.579 --> 00:17:30.079
 and took a part of it back.

00:17:30.079 --> 00:17:33.379
 It went first to Germany and then several other places in Europe.

00:17:35.240 --> 00:17:39.059
 And he came back about ten years later

00:17:39.059 --> 00:17:42.299
 and asked if he could get the rest of the manuscript.

00:17:43.039 --> 00:17:45.079
 Well, the fact is he stole it the first time,

00:17:46.179 --> 00:17:49.799
 and the officials there at that monastery

00:17:49.799 --> 00:17:51.220
 would not give him the rest of it.

00:17:52.039 --> 00:17:54.519
 And so in 1859 he came back again

00:17:54.519 --> 00:17:56.379
 and went over their heads

00:17:56.379 --> 00:17:58.960
 and had gone to the higher authorities in Cairo, Egypt,

00:17:58.960 --> 00:18:02.559
 and said, I'd like to borrow the rest of that manuscript

00:18:02.559 --> 00:18:03.660
 and I'll bring it back someday.

00:18:03.920 --> 00:18:04.660
 He never did.

00:18:05.319 --> 00:18:06.240
 But he went over their heads,

00:18:06.460 --> 00:18:08.340
 and so he quote-unquote borrowed it.

00:18:09.779 --> 00:18:11.940
 And that part he took in 1843

00:18:11.940 --> 00:18:13.440
 and the part he took in 1859,

00:18:13.900 --> 00:18:14.500
 put them together,

00:18:14.960 --> 00:18:16.039
 and made a crude,

00:18:16.160 --> 00:18:17.200
 they call it facsimile,

00:18:17.340 --> 00:18:19.620
 it's a crude copy.

00:18:19.619 --> 00:18:23.979
 And it ever since has been called Codex Sinaticus.

00:18:25.379 --> 00:18:26.739
 That word Sinaticus,

00:18:26.779 --> 00:18:27.959
 the Book of the Sinai.

00:18:28.819 --> 00:18:30.359
 And that copy,

00:18:30.459 --> 00:18:31.719
 not the actual documents,

00:18:31.819 --> 00:18:32.459
 but the copy,

00:18:32.919 --> 00:18:34.679
 made its way to London, England,

00:18:35.079 --> 00:18:37.659
 and there were two well-known British scholars there.

00:18:38.019 --> 00:18:39.299
 One of the names starts with a W,

00:18:39.419 --> 00:18:40.399
 one of the stars with an H,

00:18:40.439 --> 00:18:41.319
 and some of you are nodding your head,

00:18:41.359 --> 00:18:42.219
 you know what I'm talking about.

00:18:42.719 --> 00:18:43.679
 Two British scholars,

00:18:43.799 --> 00:18:45.259
 one by the name of Dr. Westcott,

00:18:45.319 --> 00:18:46.839
 and another by the name of Dr. Hort.

00:18:46.839 --> 00:18:46.879
 Hort.

00:18:47.939 --> 00:18:50.259
 Bruce, or Bruce Fenton Westcott,

00:18:50.439 --> 00:18:51.579
 and Fenton Anthony,

00:18:52.079 --> 00:18:53.419
 John Fenton Anthony Hort.

00:18:53.559 --> 00:18:54.579
 They had several middle names.

00:18:55.720 --> 00:18:56.699
 Just Westcott and Hort.

00:18:57.199 --> 00:18:59.000
 And that Sinaticus copy,

00:18:59.079 --> 00:19:00.119
 or the copy of Sinaticus,

00:19:00.159 --> 00:19:01.299
 made its way to London, England,

00:19:01.799 --> 00:19:03.339
 to Dr. Westcott and Hort.

00:19:03.379 --> 00:19:04.339
 Now remember that name,

00:19:04.819 --> 00:19:05.939
 because it's going to come up here

00:19:05.939 --> 00:19:07.399
 many times here as we move along.

00:19:08.639 --> 00:19:09.119
 Meanwhile,

00:19:10.240 --> 00:19:12.319
 again back in 1843,

00:19:12.539 --> 00:19:14.099
 Tischendorf went to the other

00:19:14.099 --> 00:19:16.519
 major repository of documents,

00:19:16.839 --> 00:19:18.539
 in the Mediterranean world,

00:19:18.619 --> 00:19:21.000
 and that was the Vatican.

00:19:22.859 --> 00:19:25.339
 Now, this was a time in history,

00:19:25.419 --> 00:19:26.619
 and I'm old enough to remember this,

00:19:27.019 --> 00:19:28.439
 when there was hostility

00:19:28.439 --> 00:19:30.079
 between the Catholics and the Protestants.

00:19:31.000 --> 00:19:32.859
 There was no ecumenical spirit.

00:19:32.980 --> 00:19:34.379
 There was no cooperative spirit.

00:19:35.099 --> 00:19:36.740
 Today, Rome is trying to entice

00:19:36.740 --> 00:19:38.119
 the Protestants to come back to Rome

00:19:38.119 --> 00:19:38.919
 by being nice to them.

00:19:38.959 --> 00:19:40.220
 Back then, there was no niceness.

00:19:41.220 --> 00:19:43.079
 There was persecution and hostility

00:19:43.079 --> 00:19:43.819
 and animosity.

00:19:43.819 --> 00:19:45.599
 But anyway,

00:19:46.919 --> 00:19:47.519
 Tischendorf,

00:19:47.720 --> 00:19:48.579
 curiously,

00:19:49.079 --> 00:19:50.559
 the Vatican cooperated with him.

00:19:51.339 --> 00:19:52.859
 And they took him into the Vatican library

00:19:52.859 --> 00:19:53.899
 and showed him a place called

00:19:53.899 --> 00:19:55.319
 shelf 1209,

00:19:55.740 --> 00:19:56.559
 an old manuscript,

00:19:56.799 --> 00:19:57.980
 or a seemingly old manuscript.

00:19:58.759 --> 00:20:00.299
 And Tischendorf was allowed

00:20:00.299 --> 00:20:03.159
 over some negotiation

00:20:03.159 --> 00:20:04.919
 to copy the New Testament.

00:20:04.920 --> 00:20:10.180
 And he called the original thing

00:20:10.180 --> 00:20:11.200
 Vaticanus,

00:20:11.259 --> 00:20:12.080
 the Book of the Vatican.

00:20:13.380 --> 00:20:15.400
 And that copy there from the Vatican

00:20:15.400 --> 00:20:17.460
 made its way to London, England,

00:20:17.620 --> 00:20:19.259
 to Dr. Westcott and Hort.

00:20:20.700 --> 00:20:21.700
 And again,

00:20:21.779 --> 00:20:22.960
 this is the conventional wisdom,

00:20:23.620 --> 00:20:25.259
 and much of it is true,

00:20:25.360 --> 00:20:26.779
 but some of the details were altered,

00:20:26.920 --> 00:20:29.960
 and they collated those two together

00:20:29.960 --> 00:20:31.740
 into what became,

00:20:31.920 --> 00:20:32.960
 and this is an old copy

00:20:32.960 --> 00:20:34.180
 of Westcott and Hort's

00:20:34.180 --> 00:20:35.640
 Greek text here.

00:20:35.900 --> 00:20:36.940
 The book is falling apart.

00:20:37.620 --> 00:20:38.940
 They collated that into

00:20:38.940 --> 00:20:41.539
 a new Greek text,

00:20:41.880 --> 00:20:44.620
 which became the granddaddy

00:20:44.620 --> 00:20:45.200
 of all these.

00:20:46.539 --> 00:20:48.440
 And in this new Greek text,

00:20:48.500 --> 00:20:49.000
 like I say,

00:20:49.220 --> 00:20:49.559
 in fact,

00:20:49.640 --> 00:20:51.120
 the last 16 verses of John,

00:20:51.240 --> 00:20:51.720
 or Mark,

00:20:51.799 --> 00:20:52.140
 are not there,

00:20:52.220 --> 00:20:53.380
 plus 16 other verses

00:20:53.380 --> 00:20:54.000
 have been deleted.

00:20:54.920 --> 00:20:56.579
 8,000 words have been deleted

00:20:56.579 --> 00:20:58.099
 compared to the traditional text.

00:20:59.220 --> 00:21:02.039
 256 verses have had major changes,

00:21:02.700 --> 00:21:04.240
 and it's morphed

00:21:04.240 --> 00:21:05.279
 and developed

00:21:05.279 --> 00:21:06.700
 over the last 150 years

00:21:06.700 --> 00:21:07.240
 into this,

00:21:08.000 --> 00:21:10.019
 from which all these

00:21:10.019 --> 00:21:11.119
 modern Bibles come from.

00:21:12.299 --> 00:21:12.920
 And again,

00:21:13.079 --> 00:21:14.160
 the theory is

00:21:14.160 --> 00:21:16.920
 Vaticanus and Sinaiticus

00:21:16.920 --> 00:21:18.359
 are the oldest.

00:21:18.700 --> 00:21:18.920
 Now,

00:21:19.039 --> 00:21:19.579
 let me tell you

00:21:19.579 --> 00:21:21.000
 what really happened.

00:21:22.220 --> 00:21:23.059
 I'm out for some medicine.

00:21:23.380 --> 00:21:23.819
 And by the way,

00:21:23.819 --> 00:21:24.279
 if you go home

00:21:24.279 --> 00:21:25.000
 and look on the label

00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:25.720
 on this root beer,

00:21:26.179 --> 00:21:27.279
 there will be an ingredient

00:21:27.279 --> 00:21:27.919
 in here,

00:21:27.939 --> 00:21:28.500
 if I can read it

00:21:28.500 --> 00:21:29.099
 with these glasses.

00:21:30.379 --> 00:21:31.819
 It's called...

00:21:31.819 --> 00:21:33.419
 Anyway,

00:21:33.519 --> 00:21:33.859
 it's on there.

00:21:34.259 --> 00:21:34.980
 I can't read it.

00:21:36.119 --> 00:21:37.259
 And so I had a nurse,

00:21:37.299 --> 00:21:38.139
 I was preaching in Alaska

00:21:38.139 --> 00:21:38.639
 last summer,

00:21:38.720 --> 00:21:39.679
 and the nurse went home

00:21:39.679 --> 00:21:40.519
 and looked this stuff up,

00:21:40.579 --> 00:21:40.939
 and it said,

00:21:41.240 --> 00:21:42.299
 this thing here

00:21:42.299 --> 00:21:43.119
 is a root extract,

00:21:43.439 --> 00:21:44.759
 which has medicinal properties

00:21:44.759 --> 00:21:45.579
 for throat issues.

00:21:46.579 --> 00:21:47.679
 And all the doctors

00:21:47.679 --> 00:21:48.639
 couldn't figure that out,

00:21:48.839 --> 00:21:49.599
 so pardon me.

00:21:49.799 --> 00:21:50.859
 Here's what really happened.

00:21:52.319 --> 00:21:53.799
 Back in the year 1830,

00:21:53.819 --> 00:21:54.119
 1838,

00:21:54.679 --> 00:21:55.159
 by the way,

00:21:55.200 --> 00:21:55.839
 this is Sunday school,

00:21:55.899 --> 00:21:56.319
 so we're going to give you

00:21:56.319 --> 00:21:57.099
 a test on all these

00:21:57.099 --> 00:21:57.759
 names and dates.

00:21:59.919 --> 00:22:00.539
 Not really.

00:22:01.599 --> 00:22:03.079
 But back in 1838,

00:22:03.200 --> 00:22:04.039
 in Greece,

00:22:04.279 --> 00:22:06.720
 there is a place

00:22:06.720 --> 00:22:08.079
 south of Thessalonica,

00:22:08.179 --> 00:22:08.639
 some Americans

00:22:08.639 --> 00:22:09.539
 call it Thessalonica,

00:22:09.659 --> 00:22:10.139
 but the Greeks

00:22:10.139 --> 00:22:11.019
 call it Thessalonica,

00:22:11.799 --> 00:22:13.339
 called Mount Athos.

00:22:13.439 --> 00:22:14.159
 It's a little peninsula

00:22:14.159 --> 00:22:15.500
 sticking out in the Aegean Sea,

00:22:15.559 --> 00:22:16.439
 and on that peninsula

00:22:16.439 --> 00:22:18.079
 were many Greek

00:22:18.079 --> 00:22:20.139
 Orthodox monasteries,

00:22:20.140 --> 00:22:21.759
 and numbers of them

00:22:21.759 --> 00:22:22.680
 had scriptoriums.

00:22:22.759 --> 00:22:23.620
 A scriptorium is a place

00:22:23.620 --> 00:22:24.680
 where they copied manuscripts.

00:22:25.660 --> 00:22:26.420
 Now today we think

00:22:26.420 --> 00:22:26.740
 of printing,

00:22:26.840 --> 00:22:28.600
 but prior to 1440,

00:22:29.360 --> 00:22:31.040
 when the printing press

00:22:31.040 --> 00:22:31.520
 was invented,

00:22:31.660 --> 00:22:32.660
 every copy of the scripture

00:22:32.660 --> 00:22:33.480
 was hand copied,

00:22:33.860 --> 00:22:34.920
 manually scripted,

00:22:35.060 --> 00:22:35.380
 manuscript.

00:22:36.900 --> 00:22:38.080
 And anyway,

00:22:39.320 --> 00:22:40.840
 so on this place

00:22:40.840 --> 00:22:41.759
 called Mount Athos

00:22:41.759 --> 00:22:43.480
 was a particular monastery,

00:22:43.480 --> 00:22:44.279
 and there was a,

00:22:44.700 --> 00:22:45.779
 the leader of the monastery

00:22:45.779 --> 00:22:47.799
 wanted to produce

00:22:47.799 --> 00:22:49.759
 a copy of the Old Testament,

00:22:49.819 --> 00:22:50.579
 of the New Testament,

00:22:51.140 --> 00:22:53.660
 in the old style

00:22:53.660 --> 00:22:54.500
 of Greek writing

00:22:54.500 --> 00:22:55.500
 that the New Testament

00:22:55.500 --> 00:22:56.599
 largely was written in,

00:22:57.400 --> 00:22:58.500
 called Uncial Letters.

00:22:58.660 --> 00:22:59.460
 That's neither here nor there.

00:23:01.019 --> 00:23:02.480
 And his motive

00:23:03.240 --> 00:23:04.559
 in producing this old,

00:23:04.660 --> 00:23:05.480
 this new old copy

00:23:06.240 --> 00:23:07.019
 of the New Testament

00:23:07.019 --> 00:23:09.900
 was to bind it up nicely

00:23:09.900 --> 00:23:11.759
 and send it

00:23:11.759 --> 00:23:12.759
 to the Tsar of Russia,

00:23:12.759 --> 00:23:13.819
 or the Greek Orthodox

00:23:13.819 --> 00:23:14.879
 and the Russian Orthodox

00:23:14.879 --> 00:23:16.099
 have close connections,

00:23:16.879 --> 00:23:18.119
 send it to the Tsar of Russia

00:23:18.119 --> 00:23:19.059
 with the hope

00:23:19.059 --> 00:23:20.059
 that the Tsar of Russia

00:23:20.059 --> 00:23:21.619
 would send money

00:23:21.619 --> 00:23:22.779
 back to their little monastery

00:23:22.779 --> 00:23:23.480
 so they could buy

00:23:23.480 --> 00:23:24.319
 a printing press.

00:23:25.980 --> 00:23:27.019
 And so that's the idea

00:23:27.019 --> 00:23:28.200
 that we're going to make

00:23:28.200 --> 00:23:29.339
 a copy of the New Testament

00:23:29.339 --> 00:23:30.879
 in the old-fashioned style

00:23:30.879 --> 00:23:31.559
 of writing.

00:23:32.859 --> 00:23:34.000
 And his nephew,

00:23:34.599 --> 00:23:35.420
 and here's another name

00:23:35.420 --> 00:23:35.920
 to remember,

00:23:36.500 --> 00:23:37.279
 Simonides.

00:23:38.379 --> 00:23:39.240
 This book talks

00:23:39.240 --> 00:23:40.099
 about Simonides.

00:23:41.539 --> 00:23:42.460
 His nephew,

00:23:42.460 --> 00:23:43.440
 who had grown up

00:23:43.440 --> 00:23:44.079
 as a Greek

00:23:44.079 --> 00:23:45.200
 in the monastery,

00:23:45.420 --> 00:23:46.460
 I mean Greek with his life,

00:23:46.880 --> 00:23:47.759
 he knew ancient Greek,

00:23:47.860 --> 00:23:48.680
 he knew modern Greek.

00:23:49.220 --> 00:23:50.519
 He was a skilled

00:23:50.519 --> 00:23:52.539
 paleographer,

00:23:52.799 --> 00:23:53.440
 that means studying

00:23:53.440 --> 00:23:54.579
 the old letter forms

00:23:54.579 --> 00:23:55.299
 and word forms.

00:23:56.100 --> 00:23:57.140
 And he was a skilled

00:23:57.140 --> 00:23:58.059
 calligrapher,

00:23:58.180 --> 00:23:59.000
 that means being able

00:23:59.000 --> 00:23:59.860
 to copy and write

00:23:59.860 --> 00:24:00.480
 you know fancy.

00:24:02.079 --> 00:24:03.140
 And so this,

00:24:03.200 --> 00:24:04.059
 this head of the monastery,

00:24:04.180 --> 00:24:04.600
 a guy by the name

00:24:04.600 --> 00:24:05.019
 of Benedict,

00:24:05.460 --> 00:24:06.360
 asked his nephew,

00:24:06.620 --> 00:24:07.259
 Simonides,

00:24:07.579 --> 00:24:08.759
 to do this project,

00:24:08.759 --> 00:24:09.900
 to make a copy

00:24:09.900 --> 00:24:10.720
 of the New Testament

00:24:10.720 --> 00:24:12.380
 on a blank manuscript

00:24:12.380 --> 00:24:13.860
 and we're going to then

00:24:13.860 --> 00:24:14.759
 bind it up nicely

00:24:14.759 --> 00:24:15.840
 and send it to the Tsar of Russia

00:24:15.840 --> 00:24:16.519
 and hope he'll send us

00:24:16.519 --> 00:24:16.860
 some money.

00:24:19.860 --> 00:24:21.340
 Simonides was 18 years old

00:24:21.340 --> 00:24:23.240
 and though he was competent

00:24:23.240 --> 00:24:23.880
 to the task,

00:24:23.940 --> 00:24:25.000
 his heart was not in it.

00:24:25.740 --> 00:24:27.720
 But to satisfy his uncle,

00:24:27.800 --> 00:24:28.200
 he did it.

00:24:28.259 --> 00:24:28.720
 He copied,

00:24:28.980 --> 00:24:29.340
 in fact,

00:24:29.440 --> 00:24:30.360
 not just the New Testament,

00:24:30.440 --> 00:24:30.940
 the whole Bible.

00:24:30.940 --> 00:24:33.460
 But in his haste,

00:24:33.500 --> 00:24:34.500
 he made many mistakes.

00:24:36.019 --> 00:24:37.620
 And after it was all done,

00:24:38.200 --> 00:24:38.960
 his uncle,

00:24:39.080 --> 00:24:40.059
 who of course knew Greek,

00:24:41.400 --> 00:24:42.640
 went back and looked

00:24:42.640 --> 00:24:43.140
 at his work

00:24:43.140 --> 00:24:44.519
 and found a lot of mistakes.

00:24:44.580 --> 00:24:45.620
 He did it in haste.

00:24:46.299 --> 00:24:47.460
 And so they knew

00:24:47.460 --> 00:24:48.059
 they couldn't send it

00:24:48.059 --> 00:24:48.480
 to the Tsar

00:24:48.480 --> 00:24:49.680
 and meanwhile the uncle

00:24:49.680 --> 00:24:51.200
 scratched out all the mistakes

00:24:51.200 --> 00:24:52.559
 and another scribe or two

00:24:52.559 --> 00:24:53.820
 there at the monastery

00:24:53.820 --> 00:24:56.019
 and scratched out the mistakes

00:24:56.019 --> 00:24:56.720
 and overrode it.

00:24:57.320 --> 00:24:58.059
 And they deemed

00:24:58.059 --> 00:24:58.759
 it was not worthy

00:24:58.759 --> 00:24:59.480
 to send to Russia

00:24:59.480 --> 00:25:00.220
 so what they did

00:25:00.220 --> 00:25:01.039
 is packaged it up

00:25:01.039 --> 00:25:03.360
 and sent it to the monastery

00:25:03.360 --> 00:25:06.660
 at Mount Sinai.

00:25:06.839 --> 00:25:08.079
 Let's say Mount Sinai.

00:25:08.380 --> 00:25:09.039
 St. Catherine's,

00:25:09.039 --> 00:25:09.519
 I'm trying to say,

00:25:09.799 --> 00:25:10.539
 at Mount Sinai.

00:25:12.380 --> 00:25:13.900
 That's the real story.

00:25:16.200 --> 00:25:18.079
 And we're going to see here

00:25:18.079 --> 00:25:19.039
 the controversy.

00:25:19.559 --> 00:25:20.539
 Well, three years later,

00:25:21.519 --> 00:25:22.380
 Tischendorf showed up

00:25:22.380 --> 00:25:22.860
 and found it

00:25:22.860 --> 00:25:23.799
 and he claimed that

00:25:23.799 --> 00:25:24.940
 it was being used

00:25:24.940 --> 00:25:25.559
 for kindling.

00:25:25.720 --> 00:25:26.200
 But folks,

00:25:26.279 --> 00:25:26.900
 here's the problem.

00:25:27.400 --> 00:25:28.779
 It was produced

00:25:28.779 --> 00:25:29.980
 on parchment.

00:25:30.220 --> 00:25:31.240
 Parchment

00:25:31.240 --> 00:25:33.240
 is a type

00:25:33.240 --> 00:25:34.880
 of very thin leather.

00:25:35.440 --> 00:25:37.059
 And many ancient manuscripts

00:25:37.059 --> 00:25:37.740
 were in fact,

00:25:37.860 --> 00:25:38.019
 I mean,

00:25:38.059 --> 00:25:39.059
 paper as we know it

00:25:39.059 --> 00:25:39.759
 did not exist

00:25:39.759 --> 00:25:40.700
 in biblical times.

00:25:41.259 --> 00:25:42.200
 And so to make this thing

00:25:42.200 --> 00:25:43.100
 realistic for the Tsar,

00:25:43.200 --> 00:25:43.700
 they did it on

00:25:43.700 --> 00:25:45.019
 old-fashioned parchment.

00:25:45.360 --> 00:25:46.420
 Parchment does not

00:25:46.420 --> 00:25:47.480
 readily burn.

00:25:48.940 --> 00:25:50.160
 You can light a match to it

00:25:50.160 --> 00:25:51.160
 and it'll just smolder.

00:25:52.900 --> 00:25:53.900
 It's not something

00:25:53.900 --> 00:25:54.759
 you use to kindle

00:25:54.759 --> 00:25:55.460
 a fire with.

00:25:56.160 --> 00:25:56.500
 Now,

00:25:56.539 --> 00:25:57.079
 if you get a hot,

00:25:57.160 --> 00:25:57.860
 roaring fire going,

00:25:57.859 --> 00:25:58.319
 it'll burn.

00:25:59.319 --> 00:26:00.219
 But this whole idea

00:26:00.219 --> 00:26:00.819
 that he used,

00:26:01.139 --> 00:26:02.000
 that Tischendorf

00:26:02.000 --> 00:26:03.459
 found these leaves

00:26:03.459 --> 00:26:03.979
 of the manuscript

00:26:03.979 --> 00:26:04.979
 being used to kindle

00:26:04.979 --> 00:26:05.879
 a fire is just false.

00:26:06.039 --> 00:26:06.159
 I mean,

00:26:06.259 --> 00:26:08.139
 you don't start a fire

00:26:08.139 --> 00:26:08.740
 with parchment.

00:26:10.799 --> 00:26:11.199
 Well,

00:26:11.279 --> 00:26:11.559
 anyway,

00:26:11.559 --> 00:26:15.659
 so about 20 years passed

00:26:15.659 --> 00:26:18.179
 and by now,

00:26:18.519 --> 00:26:19.480
 Simonides,

00:26:19.700 --> 00:26:20.019
 the guy,

00:26:20.139 --> 00:26:20.819
 the calligrapher,

00:26:21.000 --> 00:26:21.980
 the paleographer,

00:26:23.019 --> 00:26:24.299
 had become a businessman

00:26:24.299 --> 00:26:26.079
 and he collected manuscripts

00:26:26.079 --> 00:26:28.019
 across the Mediterranean world

00:26:28.019 --> 00:26:30.839
 and he'd travel across Europe

00:26:30.839 --> 00:26:32.019
 and sell these manuscripts.

00:26:32.159 --> 00:26:32.899
 He'd go to museums,

00:26:33.019 --> 00:26:33.500
 to libraries,

00:26:33.500 --> 00:26:35.059
 and universities

00:26:35.059 --> 00:26:36.700
 and he was reputed

00:26:36.700 --> 00:26:38.399
 a very knowledgeable man

00:26:38.399 --> 00:26:39.079
 on this subject.

00:26:39.079 --> 00:26:40.659
 and he went to England

00:26:40.659 --> 00:26:44.539
 and in 1860,

00:26:44.679 --> 00:26:46.039
 somebody showed him

00:26:46.039 --> 00:26:49.359
 this copy of Sinaiticus

00:26:49.359 --> 00:26:50.819
 that had got to Westcott and Hork

00:26:50.819 --> 00:26:52.480
 and it was being proclaimed

00:26:52.480 --> 00:26:54.059
 in the religious press

00:26:54.059 --> 00:26:54.839
 and the religious world

00:26:54.839 --> 00:26:55.899
 as the oldest copy

00:26:55.899 --> 00:26:56.859
 of the Bible in the world.

00:26:57.480 --> 00:26:58.079
 Simonides said,

00:26:58.119 --> 00:26:58.639
 hold the phone,

00:26:58.939 --> 00:26:59.619
 stop the press.

00:26:59.740 --> 00:27:00.299
 That's in the Greek,

00:27:00.379 --> 00:27:00.740
 by the way.

00:27:02.359 --> 00:27:02.659
 He said,

00:27:02.720 --> 00:27:02.839
 hey,

00:27:02.899 --> 00:27:03.279
 wait a minute,

00:27:03.279 --> 00:27:05.839
 I did that 20 years ago.

00:27:06.539 --> 00:27:08.359
 That is not an old manuscript.

00:27:09.079 --> 00:27:10.119
 I did it.

00:27:10.359 --> 00:27:10.559
 Well,

00:27:10.659 --> 00:27:11.799
 it turned into

00:27:11.799 --> 00:27:13.259
 a big controversy.

00:27:13.980 --> 00:27:15.799
 The British media,

00:27:15.879 --> 00:27:16.519
 they didn't call it media,

00:27:16.639 --> 00:27:17.579
 then they just called it the press.

00:27:18.299 --> 00:27:19.179
 The British press

00:27:19.179 --> 00:27:20.119
 got wind of this

00:27:20.119 --> 00:27:21.519
 and it became

00:27:21.519 --> 00:27:23.500
 front page news

00:27:23.500 --> 00:27:26.240
 in major British newspapers

00:27:26.240 --> 00:27:26.839
 and certainly

00:27:26.839 --> 00:27:28.519
 in the religious newspapers

00:27:28.519 --> 00:27:29.079
 there in England.

00:27:30.119 --> 00:27:31.000
 This Greek guy,

00:27:31.059 --> 00:27:31.500
 Simonides,

00:27:31.639 --> 00:27:33.119
 said that Sinaiticus

00:27:33.119 --> 00:27:33.819
 isn't old,

00:27:33.919 --> 00:27:34.539
 that he did it

00:27:34.539 --> 00:27:35.779
 and Tischendorf,

00:27:35.879 --> 00:27:36.720
 the German rationalist,

00:27:36.759 --> 00:27:36.859
 said,

00:27:36.920 --> 00:27:37.599
 no, no, no, no, no.

00:27:37.759 --> 00:27:39.059
 It really is old

00:27:39.059 --> 00:27:40.480
 and it became

00:27:40.480 --> 00:27:41.399
 a major controversy.

00:27:41.839 --> 00:27:42.940
 Front page news

00:27:42.940 --> 00:27:46.379
 and the liberal press,

00:27:46.460 --> 00:27:46.879
 and by the way,

00:27:46.920 --> 00:27:47.339
 there were liberals

00:27:47.339 --> 00:27:48.200
 back then, folks,

00:27:49.279 --> 00:27:49.639
 said,

00:27:49.740 --> 00:27:50.839
 Simonides is making

00:27:50.839 --> 00:27:51.639
 this all up.

00:27:52.339 --> 00:27:53.059
 He forged it.

00:27:53.139 --> 00:27:53.980
 He is a hoaxer.

00:27:54.480 --> 00:27:55.500
 If you go and Google

00:27:55.500 --> 00:27:56.779
 Simonides this afternoon

00:27:56.779 --> 00:27:57.359
 pretty soon,

00:27:57.440 --> 00:27:58.119
 you'll find the word

00:27:58.119 --> 00:27:58.659
 hoaxer

00:27:58.660 --> 00:28:01.920
 and his character

00:28:01.920 --> 00:28:02.820
 has been assassinated

00:28:02.820 --> 00:28:03.580
 ever since.

00:28:03.900 --> 00:28:04.860
 But the fact is

00:28:04.860 --> 00:28:06.019
 Simonides was telling

00:28:06.019 --> 00:28:06.580
 the truth.

00:28:08.100 --> 00:28:09.240
 He did produce it

00:28:09.240 --> 00:28:09.860
 and I want to give you

00:28:09.860 --> 00:28:12.620
 three powerful reasons

00:28:12.620 --> 00:28:14.380
 of evidence

00:28:14.380 --> 00:28:15.420
 that I think will stand

00:28:15.420 --> 00:28:16.180
 in a court of law.

00:28:16.500 --> 00:28:17.259
 First of all,

00:28:18.019 --> 00:28:18.680
 what time am I supposed

00:28:18.680 --> 00:28:19.080
 to be done?

00:28:20.720 --> 00:28:21.440
 Three o'clock

00:28:21.440 --> 00:28:21.980
 this afternoon?

00:28:22.340 --> 00:28:23.440
 Three strong evidences

00:28:23.440 --> 00:28:24.080
 that prove

00:28:24.080 --> 00:28:25.140
 Simonides was telling

00:28:25.140 --> 00:28:25.600
 the truth,

00:28:25.820 --> 00:28:26.460
 that he in fact

00:28:26.460 --> 00:28:26.940
 had done this.

00:28:27.420 --> 00:28:28.279
 First of all,

00:28:28.660 --> 00:28:29.900
 there were several

00:28:29.900 --> 00:28:31.779
 witnesses to the project.

00:28:32.720 --> 00:28:33.600
 The Bible says,

00:28:33.720 --> 00:28:34.640
 in the mouth of two

00:28:34.640 --> 00:28:35.860
 or three witnesses

00:28:35.860 --> 00:28:36.840
 shall every word

00:28:36.840 --> 00:28:37.500
 be established.

00:28:38.300 --> 00:28:39.640
 He said that he did it.

00:28:39.880 --> 00:28:40.500
 His uncle,

00:28:40.920 --> 00:28:41.200
 Benedict,

00:28:41.340 --> 00:28:42.540
 put him up to doing it.

00:28:42.920 --> 00:28:45.420
 Another Greek scholar

00:28:45.420 --> 00:28:46.080
 back then,

00:28:46.140 --> 00:28:46.680
 a guy by the name

00:28:46.680 --> 00:28:47.400
 of Kalinikos,

00:28:47.720 --> 00:28:48.460
 witnessed it

00:28:48.460 --> 00:28:49.540
 and he even wrote

00:28:49.540 --> 00:28:50.320
 to the newspapers

00:28:50.320 --> 00:28:51.120
 in London and said,

00:28:51.279 --> 00:28:51.840
 look, Simonides

00:28:51.840 --> 00:28:52.759
 is telling the truth.

00:28:53.640 --> 00:28:54.720
 He actually did

00:28:54.720 --> 00:28:55.840
 this project.

00:28:57.400 --> 00:28:58.259
 And so, folks,

00:28:58.259 --> 00:28:59.279
 that in itself,

00:28:59.379 --> 00:29:00.039
 in a court of law,

00:29:00.279 --> 00:29:01.059
 you get two or three

00:29:01.059 --> 00:29:01.819
 eyewitnesses.

00:29:01.879 --> 00:29:03.039
 That's powerful testimony.

00:29:05.119 --> 00:29:06.440
 And yet the other side

00:29:06.440 --> 00:29:07.599
 has tried to say,

00:29:07.680 --> 00:29:07.819
 no,

00:29:08.000 --> 00:29:09.579
 Simonides is just

00:29:09.579 --> 00:29:10.539
 a con man.

00:29:10.640 --> 00:29:11.119
 He's just trying

00:29:11.119 --> 00:29:11.839
 to make money off this.

00:29:12.299 --> 00:29:13.079
 And Tischendorf

00:29:13.079 --> 00:29:13.500
 was the guy

00:29:13.500 --> 00:29:14.359
 who was making the money.

00:29:15.480 --> 00:29:16.819
 He became the famous

00:29:16.819 --> 00:29:17.539
 guy in Europe

00:29:17.539 --> 00:29:18.259
 who found

00:29:18.259 --> 00:29:19.339
 these oldest Bibles.

00:29:19.799 --> 00:29:20.799
 And he toured Europe

00:29:20.799 --> 00:29:21.720
 and lecture circuits

00:29:21.720 --> 00:29:22.799
 and he was given

00:29:22.799 --> 00:29:24.119
 in German

00:29:24.119 --> 00:29:25.660
 the title of

00:29:25.660 --> 00:29:25.920
 von,

00:29:26.019 --> 00:29:26.360
 which would be

00:29:26.360 --> 00:29:27.180
 like sir in English.

00:29:27.279 --> 00:29:27.860
 It was a title

00:29:27.860 --> 00:29:28.360
 of nobility,

00:29:28.460 --> 00:29:29.200
 an honorary title.

00:29:29.279 --> 00:29:29.660
 He was called

00:29:29.660 --> 00:29:30.840
 now von Tischendorf.

00:29:31.440 --> 00:29:33.519
 He became well-known

00:29:33.519 --> 00:29:34.860
 and frankly wealthy

00:29:34.860 --> 00:29:35.980
 from producing

00:29:35.980 --> 00:29:36.779
 these oldest Bibles.

00:29:36.940 --> 00:29:38.140
 Tischendorf or Simonides,

00:29:38.560 --> 00:29:38.940
 the Greek,

00:29:39.040 --> 00:29:40.240
 had nothing to gain by it.

00:29:40.700 --> 00:29:42.440
 His character

00:29:42.440 --> 00:29:43.620
 and his reputation

00:29:43.620 --> 00:29:45.720
 was assassinated.

00:29:46.940 --> 00:29:48.340
 But there were three

00:29:48.340 --> 00:29:49.360
 that witnessed it.

00:29:49.359 --> 00:29:51.279
 And there is,

00:29:51.379 --> 00:29:52.059
 the book goes into

00:29:52.059 --> 00:29:52.679
 all the details

00:29:52.679 --> 00:29:52.979
 and we're just

00:29:52.979 --> 00:29:53.619
 hitting the high points.

00:29:53.959 --> 00:29:55.079
 The book tells you

00:29:55.079 --> 00:29:56.099
 the story of the witnesses.

00:29:57.179 --> 00:29:59.179
 And even in the newspapers

00:29:59.179 --> 00:30:00.740
 in the Greek,

00:30:01.079 --> 00:30:01.859
 Turkish world,

00:30:02.459 --> 00:30:03.259
 that validated

00:30:03.259 --> 00:30:04.740
 what Simonides said.

00:30:05.399 --> 00:30:05.639
 All right,

00:30:05.699 --> 00:30:06.519
 the second thing

00:30:06.519 --> 00:30:07.159
 is the,

00:30:07.599 --> 00:30:09.500
 I call it the forensic evidence

00:30:09.500 --> 00:30:10.740
 or the physical evidence.

00:30:11.639 --> 00:30:14.159
 When Tischendorf

00:30:14.159 --> 00:30:17.159
 took the first portion

00:30:17.160 --> 00:30:19.640
 away from Mount Sinai

00:30:19.640 --> 00:30:20.300
 and he said

00:30:20.300 --> 00:30:21.140
 that he rescued it.

00:30:21.180 --> 00:30:21.600
 The fact is

00:30:21.600 --> 00:30:22.540
 that the librarian there

00:30:22.540 --> 00:30:23.860
 was sick and in bed

00:30:23.860 --> 00:30:24.700
 and so he stole it.

00:30:24.940 --> 00:30:25.900
 And when he came back later

00:30:25.900 --> 00:30:26.920
 and promised

00:30:26.920 --> 00:30:28.040
 he would borrow it

00:30:28.040 --> 00:30:28.519
 and bring it back,

00:30:28.560 --> 00:30:29.019
 he never did.

00:30:29.080 --> 00:30:29.320
 In fact,

00:30:29.360 --> 00:30:30.019
 there was documentation

00:30:30.019 --> 00:30:31.519
 proving he never intended to.

00:30:33.259 --> 00:30:33.960
 But anyway,

00:30:34.240 --> 00:30:35.860
 that first batch

00:30:35.860 --> 00:30:37.759
 of 43 leaves

00:30:37.759 --> 00:30:38.800
 was sent

00:30:38.800 --> 00:30:39.720
 to the University

00:30:39.720 --> 00:30:40.640
 of Leipzig

00:30:40.640 --> 00:30:41.259
 in Germany,

00:30:41.880 --> 00:30:43.019
 which was

00:30:43.019 --> 00:30:44.779
 Tischendorf's alma mater.

00:30:45.400 --> 00:30:46.540
 It's there to this day.

00:30:47.160 --> 00:30:48.820
 And

00:30:48.820 --> 00:30:51.240
 particularly

00:30:51.240 --> 00:30:53.180
 these first 43 leaves

00:30:53.180 --> 00:30:54.840
 have been shown,

00:30:55.519 --> 00:30:56.840
 I will take you

00:30:56.840 --> 00:30:57.380
 to a page

00:30:57.380 --> 00:30:58.120
 in the book here.

00:30:59.720 --> 00:31:00.259
 If you like

00:31:00.259 --> 00:31:01.880
 books with pictures,

00:31:02.000 --> 00:31:02.820
 you'll like this book.

00:31:03.019 --> 00:31:03.900
 You probably can't see it

00:31:03.900 --> 00:31:04.660
 out there very well.

00:31:05.800 --> 00:31:07.000
 But there are pictures

00:31:07.000 --> 00:31:08.440
 of old manuscripts here.

00:31:08.540 --> 00:31:09.259
 There's a picture here

00:31:09.259 --> 00:31:10.700
 called Codex Bizet.

00:31:11.519 --> 00:31:12.540
 There's no dispute.

00:31:12.660 --> 00:31:14.279
 It's dated to the 5th century AD.

00:31:15.160 --> 00:31:16.300
 That's about 100 years after

00:31:16.299 --> 00:31:18.659
 allegedly Sinaiticus was done.

00:31:19.200 --> 00:31:20.379
 And if you can tell out there,

00:31:20.460 --> 00:31:21.759
 it's kind of bronzed and tan.

00:31:21.859 --> 00:31:23.039
 You see an ancient document,

00:31:23.119 --> 00:31:24.440
 something that's 1,500 years old,

00:31:24.500 --> 00:31:24.740
 folks.

00:31:25.039 --> 00:31:25.700
 It looks tan.

00:31:25.779 --> 00:31:26.259
 It looks bronzed.

00:31:26.379 --> 00:31:27.659
 It's been oxidized

00:31:27.659 --> 00:31:28.879
 by time.

00:31:30.019 --> 00:31:30.419
 Another,

00:31:30.839 --> 00:31:32.079
 Codex Alex Andrinus,

00:31:32.759 --> 00:31:33.680
 5th century AD.

00:31:34.519 --> 00:31:35.500
 It's bronze.

00:31:35.639 --> 00:31:36.220
 It's tan.

00:31:37.440 --> 00:31:38.500
 And there's others here

00:31:38.500 --> 00:31:39.259
 in the bottom of the page

00:31:39.259 --> 00:31:40.519
 of their old documents.

00:31:40.579 --> 00:31:41.039
 There's no question

00:31:41.039 --> 00:31:41.819
 about their antiquity.

00:31:41.819 --> 00:31:43.200
 But here in the middle

00:31:43.200 --> 00:31:46.859
 is Sinaiticus.

00:31:47.220 --> 00:31:48.139
 These pictures are

00:31:48.139 --> 00:31:49.500
 digital representations.

00:31:50.240 --> 00:31:51.019
 They have not been altered.

00:31:51.139 --> 00:31:52.139
 They've not been photoshopped.

00:31:52.539 --> 00:31:53.819
 This is a digital photograph

00:31:54.439 --> 00:31:55.559
 of Sinaiticus.

00:31:56.019 --> 00:31:56.899
 If you can see it,

00:31:57.139 --> 00:31:58.240
 it's basically white.

00:31:58.480 --> 00:32:01.460
 A document that is 1,500 years old

00:32:01.460 --> 00:32:02.359
 is not white.

00:32:02.439 --> 00:32:02.759
 In fact,

00:32:03.079 --> 00:32:04.759
 it's a little dirty white now

00:32:04.759 --> 00:32:06.179
 because 150 years have passed.

00:32:06.399 --> 00:32:06.659
 In fact,

00:32:06.700 --> 00:32:07.240
 it's getting closer

00:32:07.240 --> 00:32:08.379
 to 180 years.

00:32:08.380 --> 00:32:12.160
 But something of that age

00:32:12.160 --> 00:32:14.060
 will age a little.

00:32:14.440 --> 00:32:14.700
 Here,

00:32:15.100 --> 00:32:15.600
 it's white.

00:32:15.680 --> 00:32:17.700
 And there were several scholars

00:32:17.700 --> 00:32:19.320
 who were aware

00:32:19.320 --> 00:32:20.380
 of all this controversy.

00:32:21.860 --> 00:32:23.180
 One was a Scottish scholar.

00:32:23.300 --> 00:32:24.500
 One was a German scholar.

00:32:24.580 --> 00:32:25.540
 One was a Russian scholar.

00:32:26.080 --> 00:32:27.140
 They went to the University

00:32:27.140 --> 00:32:28.320
 of Leipzig

00:32:28.320 --> 00:32:29.320
 and looked at it

00:32:29.320 --> 00:32:30.700
 and their report was

00:32:30.700 --> 00:32:32.760
 that this ancient document

00:32:32.760 --> 00:32:35.200
 is snow white.

00:32:35.200 --> 00:32:37.500
 I mean,

00:32:37.539 --> 00:32:38.660
 that's verifiable history.

00:32:39.920 --> 00:32:41.860
 Something that's 1,500 years

00:32:41.860 --> 00:32:42.380
 or older

00:32:42.380 --> 00:32:44.140
 is not snow white, folks.

00:32:44.880 --> 00:32:46.660
 And so there is the evidence

00:32:46.660 --> 00:32:47.799
 of the copy itself.

00:32:48.200 --> 00:32:48.720
 Simonides,

00:32:49.059 --> 00:32:50.420
 when he did the project,

00:32:51.180 --> 00:32:51.620
 put little,

00:32:51.720 --> 00:32:52.620
 what they call anagrams,

00:32:52.660 --> 00:32:54.120
 or basically little marks,

00:32:54.480 --> 00:32:55.700
 almost like initials

00:32:55.700 --> 00:32:56.559
 in several places

00:32:56.559 --> 00:32:57.720
 in the manuscript

00:32:57.720 --> 00:32:59.240
 which identified him

00:32:59.240 --> 00:32:59.860
 as the author.

00:33:01.259 --> 00:33:03.400
 And so in the 1860s,

00:33:03.400 --> 00:33:04.600
 he challenged Tischendorf

00:33:04.599 --> 00:33:05.079
 to debate.

00:33:05.179 --> 00:33:05.379
 He said,

00:33:05.439 --> 00:33:06.279
 you bring the document

00:33:06.279 --> 00:33:07.319
 and I'll show you

00:33:07.319 --> 00:33:08.459
 my marks that I put in there

00:33:08.459 --> 00:33:09.559
 that prove that I did it.

00:33:10.359 --> 00:33:10.839
 Well, A,

00:33:11.039 --> 00:33:12.259
 Tischendorf refused

00:33:12.259 --> 00:33:13.740
 to debate him

00:33:13.740 --> 00:33:14.759
 and bring the document.

00:33:16.019 --> 00:33:16.740
 And two,

00:33:17.139 --> 00:33:17.579
 later,

00:33:17.879 --> 00:33:19.759
 when it became available,

00:33:19.939 --> 00:33:20.459
 the pages

00:33:20.459 --> 00:33:21.480
 that Tischendorf said

00:33:21.480 --> 00:33:21.859
 he put his,

00:33:21.939 --> 00:33:22.819
 or Simonides said

00:33:22.819 --> 00:33:23.819
 he put his little marks on,

00:33:24.359 --> 00:33:25.000
 guess what?

00:33:26.379 --> 00:33:27.219
 They're gone.

00:33:28.299 --> 00:33:29.019
 Part of the page

00:33:29.019 --> 00:33:29.740
 has been cut out.

00:33:30.279 --> 00:33:31.099
 It's been mutilated.

00:33:31.099 --> 00:33:34.059
 And you can go

00:33:34.059 --> 00:33:36.379
 to the British Library website

00:33:36.379 --> 00:33:38.399
 this afternoon

00:33:38.399 --> 00:33:38.919
 and look up

00:33:38.919 --> 00:33:40.439
 Codex Sinaiticus

00:33:40.439 --> 00:33:41.740
 and they,

00:33:42.139 --> 00:33:43.379
 with high definition

00:33:43.379 --> 00:33:44.519
 digital photography,

00:33:45.059 --> 00:33:45.819
 have taken a picture

00:33:45.819 --> 00:33:47.000
 of every page

00:33:47.000 --> 00:33:47.639
 in Sinaiticus,

00:33:47.759 --> 00:33:49.699
 both the Leipzig part

00:33:49.699 --> 00:33:50.279
 and the other part

00:33:50.279 --> 00:33:51.500
 wound up going to Russia.

00:33:51.879 --> 00:33:53.240
 And you'll notice

00:33:53.240 --> 00:33:53.879
 some pages

00:33:53.879 --> 00:33:54.679
 have been mutilated.

00:33:56.299 --> 00:33:57.459
 A few cases,

00:33:57.619 --> 00:33:57.959
 it looks like

00:33:57.959 --> 00:33:58.819
 someone took a straight edge

00:33:58.819 --> 00:34:00.000
 and cut off a bottom of a page

00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:00.679
 or took a straight edge

00:34:00.679 --> 00:34:01.819
 and cut off a side of a page.

00:34:03.639 --> 00:34:04.599
 Well, surprise, surprise,

00:34:04.700 --> 00:34:05.339
 those are the places

00:34:05.339 --> 00:34:06.279
 that Simonides said

00:34:06.279 --> 00:34:07.599
 he put his identifying marks.

00:34:08.279 --> 00:34:08.840
 It's amazing.

00:34:10.739 --> 00:34:12.980
 There are wormholes.

00:34:13.539 --> 00:34:14.340
 Now, there is such a thing

00:34:14.340 --> 00:34:15.099
 as bookworms.

00:34:16.440 --> 00:34:18.079
 And they like parchment

00:34:18.079 --> 00:34:19.340
 because it was animal skin.

00:34:19.900 --> 00:34:20.799
 They've been, of course,

00:34:20.880 --> 00:34:21.599
 cleaned and tanned

00:34:21.599 --> 00:34:22.599
 and prepared,

00:34:22.719 --> 00:34:23.019
 but nevertheless.

00:34:23.519 --> 00:34:24.480
 But there are wormholes

00:34:24.480 --> 00:34:25.179
 in Sinaiticus,

00:34:25.679 --> 00:34:27.400
 but they don't go

00:34:27.400 --> 00:34:28.280
 through the text.

00:34:28.619 --> 00:34:29.820
 The text goes around

00:34:29.820 --> 00:34:30.619
 the wormholes.

00:34:30.880 --> 00:34:31.599
 Think about that.

00:34:33.280 --> 00:34:34.119
 It says simply

00:34:34.119 --> 00:34:36.000
 that somebody wrote

00:34:36.000 --> 00:34:36.480
 this thing

00:34:36.480 --> 00:34:37.880
 in relatively recent times

00:34:37.880 --> 00:34:38.980
 around the wormholes.

00:34:40.440 --> 00:34:41.160
 And the wormholes

00:34:41.160 --> 00:34:42.260
 don't go through the text.

00:34:43.740 --> 00:34:44.780
 I know one scholar

00:34:44.780 --> 00:34:45.079
 and he said,

00:34:45.139 --> 00:34:45.980
 that settles it for me.

00:34:46.260 --> 00:34:46.920
 Not only that,

00:34:48.539 --> 00:34:50.360
 the portion of 43 leaves

00:34:50.360 --> 00:34:51.220
 went to Leipzig.

00:34:51.660 --> 00:34:52.880
 The greater quantity

00:34:52.880 --> 00:34:54.059
 eventually wound up

00:34:54.059 --> 00:34:55.260
 going to St. Petersburg, Russia.

00:34:55.260 --> 00:34:58.860
 And that portion

00:34:58.860 --> 00:35:00.080
 has been doctored.

00:35:01.940 --> 00:35:03.880
 It appears that

00:35:03.880 --> 00:35:04.700
 someone took

00:35:04.700 --> 00:35:06.160
 maybe a coffee

00:35:06.160 --> 00:35:06.800
 and a sponge

00:35:06.800 --> 00:35:07.440
 and sponged it

00:35:07.440 --> 00:35:08.220
 across the pages

00:35:08.220 --> 00:35:09.860
 to make them look tan,

00:35:10.080 --> 00:35:10.820
 make them look older

00:35:10.820 --> 00:35:11.880
 in that other section.

00:35:13.800 --> 00:35:14.440
 The Jesuits

00:35:14.440 --> 00:35:15.180
 were skilled

00:35:15.180 --> 00:35:15.880
 at doing that

00:35:15.880 --> 00:35:17.140
 and producing fake documents,

00:35:17.240 --> 00:35:18.040
 but that's another story.

00:35:18.120 --> 00:35:18.960
 The book gets into that

00:35:18.960 --> 00:35:19.940
 quite a bit

00:35:19.940 --> 00:35:21.820
 on how to fake a document.

00:35:21.820 --> 00:35:24.660
 Back when I was

00:35:24.660 --> 00:35:25.600
 working on this book,

00:35:25.920 --> 00:35:27.200
 I contacted

00:35:27.200 --> 00:35:28.080
 the British Library

00:35:28.080 --> 00:35:30.460
 and said,

00:35:30.680 --> 00:35:31.380
 I have interest

00:35:31.380 --> 00:35:32.080
 in Sinaiticus.

00:35:32.860 --> 00:35:34.860
 I have a doctor's degree.

00:35:34.980 --> 00:35:35.620
 I would like to come

00:35:35.620 --> 00:35:36.260
 and look at it.

00:35:37.080 --> 00:35:38.539
 And I got sent

00:35:38.539 --> 00:35:39.260
 all these forms.

00:35:39.360 --> 00:35:39.920
 I got to jump through

00:35:39.920 --> 00:35:40.440
 all these hopes.

00:35:40.559 --> 00:35:41.019
 I'd have a couple

00:35:41.019 --> 00:35:42.820
 other PhDs sign off

00:35:42.820 --> 00:35:43.900
 and refer me

00:35:43.900 --> 00:35:44.500
 and recommend me

00:35:44.500 --> 00:35:45.260
 and all this sort of stuff.

00:35:45.300 --> 00:35:45.980
 And I sent it all over

00:35:45.980 --> 00:35:46.760
 to the British Library.

00:35:47.160 --> 00:35:48.059
 And they wrote back

00:35:48.059 --> 00:35:48.280
 and said,

00:35:48.340 --> 00:35:49.100
 oh, I'm sorry.

00:35:49.920 --> 00:35:51.360
 This document is so old

00:35:51.360 --> 00:35:51.980
 and so fragile

00:35:51.980 --> 00:35:52.799
 we just don't let people

00:35:52.799 --> 00:35:53.559
 look at it anymore.

00:35:55.940 --> 00:35:56.299
 Well,

00:35:57.360 --> 00:35:58.719
 in the year 2011,

00:35:59.000 --> 00:36:00.460
 which was the 400th anniversary

00:36:00.460 --> 00:36:01.380
 of the King James Bible,

00:36:01.839 --> 00:36:03.420
 the British Broadcasting Corporation,

00:36:03.539 --> 00:36:04.000
 the BBC,

00:36:04.519 --> 00:36:05.579
 went to the British Library

00:36:05.579 --> 00:36:06.559
 and it just shows

00:36:06.559 --> 00:36:06.920
 that they really

00:36:06.920 --> 00:36:07.159
 didn't know

00:36:07.159 --> 00:36:07.779
 what they talked about.

00:36:08.139 --> 00:36:09.380
 They thought that Sinaiticus

00:36:09.380 --> 00:36:10.039
 had something to do

00:36:10.039 --> 00:36:10.920
 with the King James Bible,

00:36:11.799 --> 00:36:13.159
 which of course it doesn't.

00:36:14.679 --> 00:36:15.420
 But anyway,

00:36:15.880 --> 00:36:17.179
 there with the cameras running

00:36:17.179 --> 00:36:18.480
 of a news reporter,

00:36:19.000 --> 00:36:20.839
 a librarian or a docent

00:36:20.839 --> 00:36:21.859
 as they sometimes call them,

00:36:22.199 --> 00:36:23.659
 there at the British Museum

00:36:23.659 --> 00:36:24.960
 took out Sinaiticus

00:36:24.960 --> 00:36:26.599
 and was flipping the pages

00:36:26.599 --> 00:36:27.279
 like you'd flip through

00:36:27.279 --> 00:36:28.659
 an old-fashioned telephone book.

00:36:28.919 --> 00:36:29.119
 I mean,

00:36:29.139 --> 00:36:30.019
 you can see it

00:36:30.019 --> 00:36:32.159
 on YouTube.

00:36:33.500 --> 00:36:33.739
 I mean,

00:36:33.779 --> 00:36:34.799
 if this thing truly

00:36:34.799 --> 00:36:35.619
 is 1,500,

00:36:35.859 --> 00:36:37.099
 1,700 years old,

00:36:37.259 --> 00:36:38.219
 you're not flipping through

00:36:38.219 --> 00:36:38.639
 the pages

00:36:38.639 --> 00:36:39.259
 like you go through

00:36:39.259 --> 00:36:40.139
 an old telephone book.

00:36:41.719 --> 00:36:42.539
 The thing was

00:36:42.539 --> 00:36:43.919
 fairly supple

00:36:43.919 --> 00:36:45.399
 and flexible,

00:36:45.400 --> 00:36:47.180
 which all goes to say

00:36:47.180 --> 00:36:47.940
 it's not old.

00:36:49.900 --> 00:36:50.300
 And so,

00:36:50.660 --> 00:36:51.300
 number one,

00:36:51.380 --> 00:36:52.180
 there is the evidence

00:36:52.180 --> 00:36:54.260
 of the witnesses.

00:36:54.599 --> 00:36:55.480
 There were three guys

00:36:55.480 --> 00:36:55.780
 who said,

00:36:55.920 --> 00:36:56.800
 we saw this happen

00:36:56.800 --> 00:36:57.680
 with our eyes,

00:36:57.760 --> 00:36:58.340
 eyewitnesses.

00:36:58.400 --> 00:36:58.880
 Number two is

00:36:58.880 --> 00:36:59.760
 the physical evidence,

00:37:00.139 --> 00:37:00.840
 the coloration

00:37:00.840 --> 00:37:01.519
 of the pages

00:37:01.519 --> 00:37:02.440
 that have been doctored,

00:37:03.320 --> 00:37:03.940
 the wormholes

00:37:03.940 --> 00:37:04.599
 that the text goes

00:37:04.599 --> 00:37:05.519
 around the wormholes,

00:37:06.000 --> 00:37:06.519
 the suppleness

00:37:06.519 --> 00:37:07.340
 of the pages.

00:37:08.940 --> 00:37:10.000
 It all says

00:37:10.000 --> 00:37:10.539
 that this thing

00:37:10.539 --> 00:37:11.160
 is not old.

00:37:12.019 --> 00:37:12.880
 Here is the third

00:37:12.880 --> 00:37:13.960
 area of evidence.

00:37:13.960 --> 00:37:15.940
 After Simonides

00:37:15.940 --> 00:37:16.480
 had died

00:37:16.480 --> 00:37:17.740
 and toward the end

00:37:17.740 --> 00:37:18.659
 of the 19th century,

00:37:18.780 --> 00:37:20.139
 there was a scholar

00:37:20.139 --> 00:37:20.599
 in England

00:37:20.599 --> 00:37:21.059
 by the name

00:37:21.059 --> 00:37:23.420
 of Sir James Donaldson.

00:37:25.099 --> 00:37:26.440
 He was entitled

00:37:26.440 --> 00:37:27.900
 or given the title

00:37:27.900 --> 00:37:28.360
 Sir,

00:37:29.360 --> 00:37:31.280
 which was a title

00:37:31.280 --> 00:37:31.860
 of nobility

00:37:31.860 --> 00:37:32.260
 in England.

00:37:32.380 --> 00:37:33.179
 It was an honorary degree

00:37:33.179 --> 00:37:33.900
 by the King of England

00:37:33.900 --> 00:37:35.480
 because he was thought

00:37:35.480 --> 00:37:36.820
 to be the greatest

00:37:36.820 --> 00:37:37.659
 literary expert

00:37:37.659 --> 00:37:39.000
 in the British Empire.

00:37:41.000 --> 00:37:41.440
 And so,

00:37:42.280 --> 00:37:43.619
 long after the controversy

00:37:43.619 --> 00:37:44.440
 had died down,

00:37:46.000 --> 00:37:47.059
 about 30 years later,

00:37:48.000 --> 00:37:48.819
 this scholar,

00:37:49.039 --> 00:37:51.139
 Dr. Sir James Donaldson,

00:37:51.900 --> 00:37:53.440
 examined Sinaiticus.

00:37:54.659 --> 00:37:56.219
 He knew Greek

00:37:56.219 --> 00:37:57.299
 very, very well.

00:37:58.980 --> 00:38:00.059
 And here is what

00:38:00.059 --> 00:38:00.880
 he came up with.

00:38:01.639 --> 00:38:02.759
 He said in the

00:38:02.759 --> 00:38:03.659
 overall manuscript,

00:38:03.799 --> 00:38:04.559
 that was New Testament,

00:38:04.699 --> 00:38:05.179
 Old Testament,

00:38:05.299 --> 00:38:05.739
 and some of the

00:38:05.739 --> 00:38:06.519
 apocryphal books

00:38:06.519 --> 00:38:07.819
 were all combined.

00:38:08.019 --> 00:38:09.179
 In this document,

00:38:09.739 --> 00:38:10.599
 there were

00:38:10.599 --> 00:38:12.759
 modern Greek words.

00:38:12.760 --> 00:38:15.680
 words that were

00:38:15.680 --> 00:38:17.420
 unknown back in,

00:38:17.540 --> 00:38:17.820
 say,

00:38:17.920 --> 00:38:18.280
 300,

00:38:18.440 --> 00:38:19.180
 400 A.D.

00:38:21.040 --> 00:38:22.440
 Let me give you

00:38:22.440 --> 00:38:22.940
 an illustration.

00:38:23.600 --> 00:38:24.460
 Let's say that

00:38:24.460 --> 00:38:25.140
 someone gives you

00:38:25.140 --> 00:38:26.140
 a copy of Shakespeare

00:38:26.140 --> 00:38:27.240
 and you find the word

00:38:27.240 --> 00:38:28.780
 telephone in the book.

00:38:30.540 --> 00:38:31.420
 Or internet.

00:38:31.880 --> 00:38:33.280
 Those are modern words

00:38:33.280 --> 00:38:34.420
 that Shakespeare

00:38:34.420 --> 00:38:35.600
 knew nothing about.

00:38:35.599 --> 00:38:37.619
 and Donaldson

00:38:37.619 --> 00:38:38.779
 found words

00:38:38.779 --> 00:38:40.119
 in Sinaiticus

00:38:40.119 --> 00:38:40.539
 that were

00:38:40.539 --> 00:38:42.339
 modern Greek words

00:38:42.339 --> 00:38:43.639
 that are not

00:38:43.639 --> 00:38:44.279
 found,

00:38:44.519 --> 00:38:45.179
 that were unknown

00:38:45.179 --> 00:38:46.460
 in the era

00:38:46.460 --> 00:38:47.099
 that it's alleged

00:38:47.099 --> 00:38:47.799
 to have come from.

00:38:48.360 --> 00:38:48.719
 And so,

00:38:48.880 --> 00:38:49.619
 the evidence here

00:38:49.619 --> 00:38:50.819
 collectively says

00:38:50.819 --> 00:38:52.400
 Sinaiticus is not

00:38:52.400 --> 00:38:52.739
 old.

00:38:54.259 --> 00:38:55.639
 And the whole theory,

00:38:55.719 --> 00:38:56.339
 the critical text

00:38:56.339 --> 00:38:56.880
 from which all these

00:38:56.880 --> 00:38:57.579
 Bibles come from

00:38:57.579 --> 00:38:58.039
 is they're built

00:38:58.039 --> 00:38:58.920
 on the oldest manuscripts.

00:38:59.739 --> 00:38:59.920
 Now,

00:39:00.039 --> 00:39:00.339
 briefly,

00:39:00.420 --> 00:39:00.900
 and I know our time

00:39:00.900 --> 00:39:01.239
 is running

00:39:01.239 --> 00:39:02.539
 because the pastor

00:39:02.539 --> 00:39:03.219
 told me I can actually

00:39:03.219 --> 00:39:03.859
 go to 2 o'clock.

00:39:05.959 --> 00:39:06.719
 But briefly,

00:39:07.519 --> 00:39:09.199
 what about

00:39:09.199 --> 00:39:10.019
 Vaticanus,

00:39:10.399 --> 00:39:11.439
 the other twin,

00:39:11.879 --> 00:39:12.539
 it's not actually

00:39:12.539 --> 00:39:12.799
 a twin,

00:39:12.939 --> 00:39:14.059
 it has far greater

00:39:14.059 --> 00:39:14.579
 significance

00:39:14.579 --> 00:39:15.319
 than Sinaiticus,

00:39:15.439 --> 00:39:16.519
 but it's the other

00:39:16.519 --> 00:39:17.239
 major pillar

00:39:17.239 --> 00:39:18.139
 of the critical text.

00:39:19.599 --> 00:39:20.239
 And again,

00:39:20.439 --> 00:39:21.299
 Tischendorf was allowed

00:39:21.299 --> 00:39:22.539
 to go and copy it

00:39:22.539 --> 00:39:23.119
 there at the Vatican

00:39:23.119 --> 00:39:23.539
 Library.

00:39:25.439 --> 00:39:26.199
 But here are the

00:39:26.199 --> 00:39:26.659
 problems.

00:39:27.000 --> 00:39:27.419
 And again,

00:39:27.759 --> 00:39:28.519
 thanks to high

00:39:28.519 --> 00:39:29.559
 definition digital

00:39:29.559 --> 00:39:30.000
 photography,

00:39:30.119 --> 00:39:30.559
 you can go home

00:39:30.559 --> 00:39:31.179
 this afternoon

00:39:31.179 --> 00:39:32.319
 and look up

00:39:32.319 --> 00:39:33.199
 Codex Vaticanus

00:39:33.199 --> 00:39:33.639
 and the Vatican

00:39:33.639 --> 00:39:34.299
 has it online,

00:39:34.379 --> 00:39:34.899
 you can look at it

00:39:34.899 --> 00:39:36.119
 page by page by page.

00:39:37.559 --> 00:39:38.759
 And at the beginning

00:39:38.759 --> 00:39:40.539
 of each Biblical book,

00:39:40.779 --> 00:39:41.500
 first letter

00:39:41.500 --> 00:39:42.599
 of each Biblical book

00:39:42.599 --> 00:39:43.179
 is a,

00:39:43.719 --> 00:39:44.219
 what's called

00:39:44.219 --> 00:39:45.460
 a drop cap.

00:39:46.460 --> 00:39:47.199
 How many know

00:39:47.199 --> 00:39:48.379
 what a drop cap is?

00:39:48.559 --> 00:39:48.899
 Nobody.

00:39:50.099 --> 00:39:50.419
 Okay.

00:39:51.359 --> 00:39:51.819
 Well,

00:39:53.399 --> 00:39:54.659
 in my Bible here,

00:39:55.619 --> 00:39:56.879
 and it's not as fancy

00:39:56.879 --> 00:39:57.359
 as you think,

00:39:57.919 --> 00:39:58.699
 I just opened up

00:39:58.699 --> 00:39:59.539
 randomly here

00:39:59.539 --> 00:40:01.939
 to Ezekiel 32,

00:40:01.940 --> 00:40:02.920
 the first letter

00:40:02.920 --> 00:40:03.780
 of the first chapter

00:40:03.780 --> 00:40:04.860
 of Ezekiel 32,

00:40:05.780 --> 00:40:06.539
 the first word

00:40:06.539 --> 00:40:06.940
 is and,

00:40:07.099 --> 00:40:07.740
 the first letter

00:40:07.740 --> 00:40:08.880
 is about three times

00:40:08.880 --> 00:40:09.639
 the size of the other

00:40:09.639 --> 00:40:10.000
 letters.

00:40:11.960 --> 00:40:12.940
 It's just a big letter.

00:40:13.059 --> 00:40:14.200
 It's just text art.

00:40:14.679 --> 00:40:15.200
 Now this is a

00:40:15.200 --> 00:40:15.820
 Schofield Bible,

00:40:16.599 --> 00:40:17.360
 and it may not be

00:40:17.360 --> 00:40:17.860
 in your Bible.

00:40:18.220 --> 00:40:18.960
 In my book,

00:40:19.099 --> 00:40:19.760
 we did this

00:40:19.760 --> 00:40:21.220
 in various pages.

00:40:21.380 --> 00:40:22.639
 It's just called text art

00:40:22.639 --> 00:40:23.000
 at the beginning

00:40:23.000 --> 00:40:23.480
 of a chapter.

00:40:23.720 --> 00:40:24.579
 The first letter

00:40:24.579 --> 00:40:25.039
 would be larger

00:40:25.039 --> 00:40:25.480
 than the rest.

00:40:25.539 --> 00:40:26.220
 It's just routinely

00:40:26.220 --> 00:40:26.960
 done in books,

00:40:26.960 --> 00:40:28.000
 just to make it

00:40:28.000 --> 00:40:28.659
 a little more decorative.

00:40:30.579 --> 00:40:32.000
 And those drop caps,

00:40:32.800 --> 00:40:33.400
 or it's sometimes

00:40:33.400 --> 00:40:34.460
 called text art,

00:40:35.280 --> 00:40:36.880
 in Vaticanus

00:40:36.880 --> 00:40:37.599
 are not only

00:40:37.599 --> 00:40:38.920
 in ink,

00:40:39.159 --> 00:40:40.039
 they are full color,

00:40:40.679 --> 00:40:41.559
 blue and green

00:40:41.559 --> 00:40:42.000
 and red.

00:40:42.239 --> 00:40:43.260
 And you look at

00:40:43.260 --> 00:40:44.840
 medieval text art,

00:40:45.059 --> 00:40:45.920
 and you'll often,

00:40:46.039 --> 00:40:46.719
 or text work,

00:40:46.880 --> 00:40:47.519
 text manuscripts,

00:40:47.659 --> 00:40:48.440
 you'll often see

00:40:48.440 --> 00:40:49.159
 this text art,

00:40:50.019 --> 00:40:50.559
 drop caps.

00:40:50.980 --> 00:40:51.940
 But here's the issue.

00:40:51.940 --> 00:40:54.420
 This whole business

00:40:54.420 --> 00:40:55.139
 of drop caps

00:40:55.139 --> 00:40:55.820
 was not invented

00:40:55.820 --> 00:40:56.619
 until the Middle Ages.

00:40:56.960 --> 00:40:57.139
 I mean,

00:40:57.200 --> 00:40:58.460
 that's a smoking gun,

00:40:58.559 --> 00:40:58.760
 folks.

00:40:58.800 --> 00:40:59.659
 It says Vaticanus

00:40:59.659 --> 00:41:00.240
 is not old.

00:41:01.940 --> 00:41:03.000
 And a scholar

00:41:03.000 --> 00:41:04.059
 by the name of Erasmus,

00:41:04.099 --> 00:41:04.579
 we'll get into him

00:41:04.579 --> 00:41:05.700
 more later this week,

00:41:06.119 --> 00:41:07.280
 said that in fact,

00:41:07.740 --> 00:41:08.820
 Vaticanus was produced

00:41:08.820 --> 00:41:10.119
 in 1435.

00:41:11.400 --> 00:41:12.679
 There is no record

00:41:12.679 --> 00:41:13.780
 of it in the Vatican

00:41:13.780 --> 00:41:15.720
 Library until 1475.

00:41:17.139 --> 00:41:18.599
 Nobody even referenced

00:41:18.599 --> 00:41:20.700
 it until sometime

00:41:20.700 --> 00:41:21.360
 shortly after,

00:41:21.360 --> 00:41:22.019
 when Erasmus

00:41:22.019 --> 00:41:24.400
 wanted to investigate it.

00:41:24.519 --> 00:41:25.140
 The evidence

00:41:25.140 --> 00:41:26.800
 is powerful,

00:41:27.440 --> 00:41:29.340
 simply by the drop caps,

00:41:29.460 --> 00:41:30.360
 which you can see

00:41:30.360 --> 00:41:31.039
 if you go online

00:41:31.039 --> 00:41:31.700
 and look at it,

00:41:32.720 --> 00:41:33.559
 that it's not.

00:41:33.760 --> 00:41:34.740
 Drop caps weren't invented.

00:41:34.800 --> 00:41:36.720
 And I had a master's degree

00:41:36.720 --> 00:41:37.820
 in art history

00:41:37.820 --> 00:41:39.260
 tell me categorically

00:41:39.260 --> 00:41:40.920
 those are medieval.

00:41:41.860 --> 00:41:43.420
 That is not ancient.

00:41:43.980 --> 00:41:44.620
 Text work,

00:41:44.900 --> 00:41:45.380
 text art.

00:41:46.680 --> 00:41:47.840
 There are other problems

00:41:47.840 --> 00:41:49.000
 that are quite visible

00:41:49.000 --> 00:41:50.320
 in Vaticanus.

00:41:50.320 --> 00:41:51.500
 There are clear modifications

00:41:51.500 --> 00:41:52.720
 over writing of the text

00:41:52.720 --> 00:41:53.559
 where it's been scratched out

00:41:53.559 --> 00:41:54.080
 and written over.

00:41:54.960 --> 00:41:55.900
 Well, that's not something

00:41:55.900 --> 00:41:57.539
 that is a pristine manuscript.

00:41:58.380 --> 00:41:59.900
 The last 12 verses of Mark

00:41:59.900 --> 00:42:01.080
 are gone in Vaticanus

00:42:01.080 --> 00:42:01.980
 and Sinaiticus.

00:42:02.980 --> 00:42:03.059
 And,

00:42:03.100 --> 00:42:05.340
 by the way,

00:42:05.380 --> 00:42:06.380
 what are the last 12 verses

00:42:06.380 --> 00:42:07.059
 of Mark about?

00:42:08.380 --> 00:42:09.320
 The resurrection.

00:42:09.320 --> 00:42:13.180
 And they're the only two manuscripts

00:42:13.180 --> 00:42:13.660
 out there

00:42:13.660 --> 00:42:15.180
 that have the last 12 verses gone.

00:42:15.860 --> 00:42:17.100
 And the book goes into detail.

00:42:17.180 --> 00:42:17.860
 I won't take the time

00:42:17.860 --> 00:42:18.600
 to get into all here.

00:42:18.940 --> 00:42:19.760
 But the only one

00:42:19.760 --> 00:42:20.760
 who had the ability

00:42:20.760 --> 00:42:22.019
 to do that to Vaticanus

00:42:22.019 --> 00:42:22.820
 was the Catholics.

00:42:22.960 --> 00:42:24.519
 They wouldn't hardly let anybody

00:42:24.519 --> 00:42:25.519
 look at it or touch it.

00:42:26.820 --> 00:42:29.080
 And other scholars said,

00:42:29.180 --> 00:42:29.500
 in fact,

00:42:29.600 --> 00:42:30.660
 that the same scholar

00:42:30.660 --> 00:42:32.519
 that did Vaticanus

00:42:32.519 --> 00:42:33.500
 did Sinaiticus,

00:42:33.500 --> 00:42:34.380
 at least changed

00:42:34.380 --> 00:42:35.660
 that portion in Mark,

00:42:35.659 --> 00:42:37.759
 which also the Vatican

00:42:37.759 --> 00:42:38.500
 has its fingerprints

00:42:38.500 --> 00:42:39.480
 all over this.

00:42:39.799 --> 00:42:40.179
 And so,

00:42:40.460 --> 00:42:42.440
 the bottom line is this.

00:42:42.779 --> 00:42:43.399
 Vaticanus,

00:42:43.639 --> 00:42:44.179
 Sinaiticus,

00:42:44.460 --> 00:42:46.219
 the basic pillars

00:42:46.219 --> 00:42:48.699
 of the modern critical text

00:42:48.699 --> 00:42:49.960
 that started with

00:42:49.960 --> 00:42:50.980
 Westcott and Hort.

00:42:52.199 --> 00:42:53.079
 They put it together

00:42:53.079 --> 00:42:55.480
 into one collated manuscript,

00:42:56.539 --> 00:42:58.539
 which has evolved somewhat.

00:42:58.659 --> 00:42:59.179
 We'll get into this

00:42:59.179 --> 00:42:59.879
 on Tuesday night.

00:42:59.879 --> 00:43:00.719
 Into this,

00:43:00.859 --> 00:43:02.599
 the modern critical text.

00:43:03.319 --> 00:43:05.039
 It's all based on

00:43:05.039 --> 00:43:06.380
 Vaticanus and Sinaiticus,

00:43:06.599 --> 00:43:07.159
 largely.

00:43:07.360 --> 00:43:07.719
 Now, today,

00:43:07.779 --> 00:43:08.940
 they've added a few things more,

00:43:09.000 --> 00:43:09.559
 and we'll get into that

00:43:09.559 --> 00:43:10.139
 Tuesday night.

00:43:11.019 --> 00:43:12.460
 But the whole idea

00:43:12.460 --> 00:43:13.159
 of it being based

00:43:13.159 --> 00:43:13.639
 on the oldest

00:43:13.639 --> 00:43:14.340
 and best manuscript

00:43:14.340 --> 00:43:15.000
 is false.

00:43:16.920 --> 00:43:17.139
 I mean,

00:43:17.219 --> 00:43:19.139
 you ever hear of fake news?

00:43:19.400 --> 00:43:20.059
 Well, the fake news

00:43:20.059 --> 00:43:21.139
 is that the oldest

00:43:21.139 --> 00:43:21.940
 and best manuscripts

00:43:21.940 --> 00:43:22.559
 are here.

00:43:22.699 --> 00:43:23.599
 It's just not true.

00:43:24.360 --> 00:43:25.699
 And it's the foundation

00:43:25.699 --> 00:43:27.820
 on which all these Bibles

00:43:27.820 --> 00:43:28.699
 are based.

00:43:28.699 --> 00:43:29.960
 And there are problems.

00:43:30.099 --> 00:43:30.659
 We're going to get into these

00:43:30.659 --> 00:43:32.679
 particularly on tomorrow night

00:43:32.679 --> 00:43:33.820
 and Tuesday night.

00:43:33.820 --> 00:43:35.559
 And the simple conclusion

00:43:35.559 --> 00:43:36.559
 of the matter is, folks,

00:43:37.200 --> 00:43:38.200
 we just stay with

00:43:38.200 --> 00:43:40.200
 the traditional received text

00:43:40.200 --> 00:43:41.840
 which has given us

00:43:41.840 --> 00:43:42.860
 the King James Bible.

00:43:44.100 --> 00:43:44.600
 And we're going to get

00:43:44.600 --> 00:43:45.440
 into the history of that

00:43:45.440 --> 00:43:46.380
 on Wednesday night.

00:43:46.940 --> 00:43:48.400
 And a fascinating story.

00:43:48.480 --> 00:43:48.980
 There's a whole book

00:43:48.980 --> 00:43:49.740
 back there about it.

00:43:50.200 --> 00:43:50.760
 So anyway,

00:43:51.320 --> 00:43:53.640
 I only have one copy

00:43:53.640 --> 00:43:54.200
 and somebody's already

00:43:54.200 --> 00:43:54.980
 spoken for this one.

00:43:55.980 --> 00:43:57.300
 But you can order it

00:43:57.300 --> 00:44:00.200
 and probably by next week

00:44:00.199 --> 00:44:02.159
 we'll be able to ship them out.

00:44:03.199 --> 00:44:05.960
 And I believe the evidence

00:44:05.960 --> 00:44:06.759
 in this book will stand

00:44:06.759 --> 00:44:07.399
 in a court of law.

00:44:07.439 --> 00:44:07.919
 And it's readable.

00:44:08.099 --> 00:44:08.739
 I mean, I realize

00:44:08.739 --> 00:44:10.019
 this is technical,

00:44:10.199 --> 00:44:11.039
 historical stuff.

00:44:11.460 --> 00:44:12.460
 But I think probably

00:44:12.460 --> 00:44:14.199
 anybody with a high school

00:44:14.199 --> 00:44:15.539
 education can wade through

00:44:15.539 --> 00:44:16.359
 this and understand it.

00:44:17.119 --> 00:44:18.099
 When I write a book,

00:44:18.159 --> 00:44:19.159
 I try to put it on a shelf

00:44:19.159 --> 00:44:20.039
 where everybody can reach it.

00:44:21.319 --> 00:44:22.379
 And I think you'll find

00:44:22.379 --> 00:44:23.359
 it a fascinating reading.

00:44:23.839 --> 00:44:24.559
 All right, brother,

00:44:25.299 --> 00:44:26.359
 let's close.

00:44:26.579 --> 00:44:27.199
 Father, thank you

00:44:27.199 --> 00:44:27.799
 for the opportunity

00:44:27.799 --> 00:44:28.799
 to explain some of the