WEBVTT

00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:10.960
 All right.

00:00:12.060 --> 00:00:17.719
 In the last years of his college life, probably around 1720,

00:00:19.039 --> 00:00:22.780
 Edward stitched together 44 sheets into a blank book

00:00:22.780 --> 00:00:26.600
 and wrote on the top of the first page of holiness.

00:00:27.460 --> 00:00:28.679
 And he entered some thoughts.

00:00:28.679 --> 00:00:31.059
 This is from that book.

00:00:32.960 --> 00:00:37.219
 He numbered it one, drew a line across it, the page,

00:00:37.519 --> 00:00:42.399
 and commenced a second meditation of Christ's mediation and satisfaction.

00:00:42.960 --> 00:00:46.260
 Well, by the time he had died in 1758, this manuscript,

00:00:46.600 --> 00:00:50.920
 which he called the Miscellanies, had become nine volumes

00:00:50.920 --> 00:00:57.960
 containing 1,360 entries, some of them elaborate treatises.

00:00:58.679 --> 00:01:02.100
 He also took a King James Bible.

00:01:03.100 --> 00:01:04.019
 There it is.

00:01:04.120 --> 00:01:05.780
 You'll notice that little bit in the middle.

00:01:06.219 --> 00:01:07.719
 This is the Bible part.

00:01:08.319 --> 00:01:09.780
 And the rest are all his notes.

00:01:09.859 --> 00:01:14.400
 He took an old King James Bible and interleaved the pages

00:01:14.400 --> 00:01:20.359
 with a blank page so that he could make annotations on his Bible.

00:01:20.359 --> 00:01:24.800
 And eventually he filled up the pages with three more.

00:01:25.000 --> 00:01:26.800
 That's a little rough for me.

00:01:27.000 --> 00:01:27.440
 I don't know.

00:01:27.439 --> 00:01:29.620
 I'm glad it's helpful for you.

00:01:31.060 --> 00:01:31.980
 Well, all right.

00:01:32.700 --> 00:01:34.239
 Prefer one another in love.

00:01:35.799 --> 00:01:37.060
 I'm probably going to struggle.

00:01:37.319 --> 00:01:39.259
 It would help just because I am using notes.

00:01:40.120 --> 00:01:41.319
 Oh, we can turn the light up.

00:01:41.739 --> 00:01:42.780
 Is that okay, Greg?

00:01:42.859 --> 00:01:43.299
 I'm sorry.

00:01:43.299 --> 00:01:46.340
 It's kind of blind man's bluff up here for me.

00:01:49.939 --> 00:01:57.420
 So eventually he filled up the pages and three more manuscript volumes.

00:01:57.620 --> 00:01:59.879
 And these are called Notes on Scripture.

00:01:59.879 --> 00:02:05.920
 While a pastor, he would consistently spend, during the course of his day,

00:02:06.179 --> 00:02:09.699
 13 hours in his study.

00:02:10.379 --> 00:02:14.299
 Even in his exercise, he didn't break from his pursuit,

00:02:14.620 --> 00:02:17.300
 for he would ride with pen and paper.

00:02:17.579 --> 00:02:22.379
 And if a thought occurred to him, he'd jot it down with some mnemonic ideogram

00:02:22.379 --> 00:02:27.120
 and pin it to the lapel of his coat and then eventually his whole jacket.

00:02:27.819 --> 00:02:34.060
 When he returned from these rides, his wife Sarah would help unpin kind of the porcupine

00:02:34.060 --> 00:02:38.780
 philosopher-theologian so he could preserve all of his thoughts.

00:02:39.599 --> 00:02:46.620
 Even in his diet, he regulated it in the interest of theological reflection.

00:02:50.120 --> 00:02:51.780
 Here's one entry in his diary.

00:02:52.379 --> 00:02:57.599
 By a sparingness in diet and eating what is light and easy of digestion,

00:02:58.019 --> 00:03:03.879
 I shall doubtless be able to think more clearly and shall gain more time.

00:03:04.500 --> 00:03:07.560
 One, by lengthening out my life.

00:03:07.960 --> 00:03:12.180
 Two, shall need less time for digestion after meals.

00:03:12.500 --> 00:03:15.319
 Three, shall be able to study closer without wrong to my health.

00:03:15.680 --> 00:03:18.120
 Fourth, shall need less time to sleep.

00:03:18.519 --> 00:03:20.960
 Fifth, shall seldom or be troubled with a headache.

00:03:20.960 --> 00:03:21.640
 And on and on and on.

00:03:21.680 --> 00:03:24.080
 He gives all these reasons why he needs to eat certain foods.

00:03:24.540 --> 00:03:29.200
 He would, if ever he ate something that would make him feel drowsy,

00:03:29.659 --> 00:03:31.780
 you know, kind of like the after Thanksgiving effect,

00:03:31.860 --> 00:03:33.680
 where you just think, oh, where's the couch?

00:03:34.159 --> 00:03:41.760
 He would eliminate that food forever from his diet in the interest of just closeness of study.

00:03:41.759 --> 00:03:46.219
 You see, he had a phobia for wasted time.

00:03:46.219 --> 00:03:50.060
 And had resolved in his youth, this is one of his resolutions,

00:03:50.560 --> 00:03:58.219
 never to lose one moment of time, but improve it the most profitable way I possibly can.

00:03:58.979 --> 00:04:06.519
 He even observed how fast he could work while under pressure and would try to make that his typical rate.

00:04:06.520 --> 00:04:11.980
 And indeed, the times cried out for such a consecrated life.

00:04:12.480 --> 00:04:16.019
 Do not all times call out for such a consecrated life.

00:04:16.019 --> 00:04:19.000
 Well, for a consecrated life, whether it's such, who knows, okay?

00:04:20.240 --> 00:04:25.780
 In Edward's day, the truth of the gospel was coming under a sustained assault,

00:04:26.040 --> 00:04:29.340
 and the old paths were being widely abandoned.

00:04:29.339 --> 00:04:31.439
 I think I've got a picture of him.

00:04:33.779 --> 00:04:37.959
 There we are, there he is.

00:04:39.779 --> 00:04:45.159
 Doctrines of the Bible were routinely ridiculed as unreasonable and unworthy

00:04:45.159 --> 00:04:48.279
 in the name of superior enlightened judgment.

00:04:50.019 --> 00:04:53.399
 Heir to this cultural moment, it became clear to Edwards

00:04:53.399 --> 00:05:01.939
 that God had given him this keen mind to defend and expound the gospel to his generation.

00:05:02.879 --> 00:05:08.319
 To contribute his formidable intellect to building a bulwark

00:05:08.319 --> 00:05:11.799
 against the growing tide of fashionable infidelity.

00:05:12.479 --> 00:05:14.939
 And he wasted no time in getting started.

00:05:15.279 --> 00:05:17.439
 As another of his resolutions reads,

00:05:17.919 --> 00:05:20.439
 and this is when he was a college student, okay?

00:05:20.439 --> 00:05:24.399
 So he's still in his early teens, okay?

00:05:26.079 --> 00:05:29.939
 Resolved, when I think of any theorem in divinity,

00:05:30.439 --> 00:05:35.519
 to be solved immediately to do what I can to solving it.

00:05:35.899 --> 00:05:38.740
 In other words, if there's a serious problem in theology that people haven't solved yet,

00:05:38.959 --> 00:05:40.519
 I'm going to start doing that myself.

00:05:40.879 --> 00:05:42.360
 He's an early teen at this point.

00:05:43.319 --> 00:05:44.480
 And as he well knew,

00:05:44.860 --> 00:05:49.399
 sowing to this ambition would require serious study of the Bible.

00:05:49.399 --> 00:05:53.179
 Accordingly, he dedicated himself to fulfill a further resolution.

00:05:53.719 --> 00:05:56.439
 Quote, resolved, to study the scriptures.

00:05:56.519 --> 00:05:57.879
 Listen to this, this is wonderful.

00:05:58.099 --> 00:06:05.479
 Oh, to study the scriptures so steadily, constantly, and frequently

00:06:05.479 --> 00:06:10.479
 as that I might find and plainly perceive myself

00:06:10.479 --> 00:06:13.560
 to grow in the knowledge of the same.

00:06:14.359 --> 00:06:14.839
 Wow.

00:06:14.839 --> 00:06:22.259
 What a harvest, lifelong faithfulness to this resolution would bring.

00:06:23.539 --> 00:06:28.199
 He was born in Connecticut in the town of East Windsor, October 5th, 1703.

00:06:28.979 --> 00:06:32.299
 Signs of his promise were evident in his youth.

00:06:32.719 --> 00:06:36.879
 It was his father who laid the first foundation of his life of learning.

00:06:36.879 --> 00:06:39.839
 A parsonages, his father was a rector.

00:06:40.159 --> 00:06:44.000
 Parsonages in that day typically doubled as schools.

00:06:44.199 --> 00:06:46.779
 And Edwards' parsonage was no exception.

00:06:47.620 --> 00:06:51.719
 No exception, yet likely exceptional.

00:06:52.579 --> 00:06:58.579
 Reverend Timothy Edwards was a famed educator and a firm disciplinarian

00:06:58.579 --> 00:07:02.439
 and determined that his only son would excel.

00:07:02.939 --> 00:07:06.639
 Only son, but not only child, for he had ten sisters.

00:07:06.759 --> 00:07:07.839
 Jonathan had ten sisters.

00:07:08.199 --> 00:07:10.019
 All extremely tall, like himself.

00:07:10.359 --> 00:07:14.879
 In fact, the dad would boast that he had 60 feet of daughters.

00:07:15.339 --> 00:07:17.639
 Have you met my 60 feet of daughters, he would say.

00:07:18.779 --> 00:07:21.299
 Is he wearing one of his sister's wigs there?

00:07:21.300 --> 00:07:22.480
 Exactly, exactly.

00:07:22.740 --> 00:07:24.660
 Ever acute, Raul, ever acute.

00:07:26.579 --> 00:07:32.740
 Such was the father's reputation that any who received tutelage from him

00:07:32.740 --> 00:07:38.439
 was automatically exempt from college entrance examinations.

00:07:38.439 --> 00:07:41.259
 Boy, think of the fortune that he could make today.

00:07:41.540 --> 00:07:42.379
 Imagine that.

00:07:43.740 --> 00:07:46.699
 Thus, father and son were perfectly matched.

00:07:46.699 --> 00:07:52.599
 The boy's precocious aptitudes honed by the father's perfectionist demands.

00:07:53.120 --> 00:07:58.199
 And the impressive result was young Jonathan heading off to Yale College

00:07:58.199 --> 00:08:04.620
 while yet 12 years old, having already mastered all the requirements.

00:08:05.579 --> 00:08:09.019
 But not all the boy's early strides were scholastic.

00:08:09.560 --> 00:08:15.919
 For all of its emphasis, education was no idol in the Edwards household.

00:08:15.920 --> 00:08:18.300
 God reigned supreme.

00:08:19.040 --> 00:08:25.560
 And the delight and the duty of knowing him deeply was daily urged

00:08:25.560 --> 00:08:30.100
 as indeed the danger of failure to do so.

00:08:31.600 --> 00:08:33.159
 Like Jonathan.

00:08:34.279 --> 00:08:35.259
 There we go.

00:08:35.940 --> 00:08:37.060
 Oh, there's his wife.

00:08:37.279 --> 00:08:37.980
 Oh, delightful.

00:08:38.180 --> 00:08:39.500
 I'll come back to her in just a moment.

00:08:39.659 --> 00:08:41.480
 But I've got one other thing to show you.

00:08:41.940 --> 00:08:43.580
 We're not giving her poor time.

00:08:43.700 --> 00:08:44.340
 I'll bring her back.

00:08:44.340 --> 00:08:51.740
 Likely, Jonathan first learned his letters from the New England Primer.

00:08:52.580 --> 00:08:53.660
 Look down.

00:08:54.120 --> 00:08:54.899
 The letter T.

00:08:55.560 --> 00:08:57.820
 Time cuts down all.

00:08:58.220 --> 00:08:59.920
 Both great and small.

00:09:00.259 --> 00:09:01.259
 That's the Grim Reaper.

00:09:02.060 --> 00:09:02.280
 Okay.

00:09:03.580 --> 00:09:07.740
 Then there's Y.

00:09:07.980 --> 00:09:10.519
 Notice they're near the bottom.

00:09:10.519 --> 00:09:11.179
 See?

00:09:11.179 --> 00:09:11.220
 See?

00:09:11.779 --> 00:09:14.039
 Youth forward slips.

00:09:14.799 --> 00:09:17.159
 Death soonest nips.

00:09:18.100 --> 00:09:18.819
 With a graphic.

00:09:18.960 --> 00:09:19.740
 See the graphic there?

00:09:19.879 --> 00:09:23.500
 Of death holding a large arrow at a child's head.

00:09:24.000 --> 00:09:24.159
 Okay.

00:09:24.319 --> 00:09:28.419
 This is a hardier children's literature than Mary Had a Little Lamb.

00:09:28.600 --> 00:09:28.840
 Okay.

00:09:28.899 --> 00:09:30.399
 This is what he grew up with.

00:09:30.840 --> 00:09:31.019
 Okay.

00:09:31.019 --> 00:09:41.919
 Recalling his childhood, Jonathan confides, I was very much concerned about the things of religion and my soul's salvation and was abundant in duties.

00:09:42.319 --> 00:09:47.939
 I used to pray five times a day in secret and to spend much time in religious talk with other boys.

00:09:48.159 --> 00:09:49.299
 These are little boys.

00:09:49.460 --> 00:09:50.259
 These are little boys.

00:09:50.419 --> 00:09:50.819
 Okay.

00:09:50.820 --> 00:09:54.820
 And used to meet with them to pray together.

00:09:55.080 --> 00:09:56.379
 We built a booth in a swamp.

00:09:56.560 --> 00:09:57.040
 Okay.

00:09:57.180 --> 00:09:58.060
 That's what little boys do.

00:09:58.120 --> 00:09:59.240
 We built booths in swamps.

00:09:59.360 --> 00:10:00.000
 That's what I did.

00:10:00.320 --> 00:10:00.480
 Okay.

00:10:00.740 --> 00:10:03.760
 In a very secret and retired place for a place of prayer.

00:10:04.080 --> 00:10:04.540
 Wow.

00:10:04.720 --> 00:10:04.980
 Okay.

00:10:06.320 --> 00:10:18.360
 But from the vantage point of a more finely tuned subsequent judgment, Jonathan thought such exercises of soul, which he calls them, fell short of a genuine work of grace in his heart.

00:10:18.360 --> 00:10:29.100
 And Yale, alas, despite the express aim of its founders, which we heard about last time, did little to nurture any of these Godward dispositions.

00:10:29.560 --> 00:10:31.659
 Alas, the reverse was the case.

00:10:32.060 --> 00:10:40.580
 And he sadly confessed, I entirely lost all of those youthful affections and delights and left off secret prayer.

00:10:41.279 --> 00:10:48.060
 But during his final year at Yale, a serious illness, he writes, brought me nigh to the grave.

00:10:48.360 --> 00:10:51.060
 And shook me over the pit of hell.

00:10:51.740 --> 00:10:57.879
 This harrowing experience brought me to seek salvation in a manner as never before.

00:10:58.539 --> 00:11:03.720
 I felt a spirit to part with all things in the world for an interest in Christ.

00:11:03.720 --> 00:11:16.340
 Interestingly, Edwards would long wonder about the genuineness of his conversion as it did not proceed according to the typical Puritan morphology of regeneration.

00:11:16.340 --> 00:11:19.060
 Remember, which we talked about in the Q&A last time.

00:11:19.059 --> 00:11:29.500
 You know, certain inevitable, required, recognizable steps that were stipulated for your experience of regeneration.

00:11:30.639 --> 00:11:36.979
 Specifically, Edwards did not experience, as he felt he should and must, the terrors of Sinai.

00:11:37.439 --> 00:11:37.979
 The law.

00:11:37.980 --> 00:11:46.800
 Skipping this step, he found himself in, quote, inward sweet delight in God and divine things.

00:11:47.440 --> 00:11:53.399
 This transpires, as he tells us, as he was reading a single verse of scripture.

00:11:53.800 --> 00:11:55.200
 1 Timothy 1.17.

00:11:55.200 --> 00:12:01.220
 Now unto the king eternal, immortal, invisible, the only wise God, be glory and honor both now and forever.

00:12:01.560 --> 00:12:01.920
 Amen.

00:12:02.920 --> 00:12:07.800
 As I read these words, Jonathan tells us, and again, he's a college student here.

00:12:07.799 --> 00:12:14.379
 There came into my soul a sense of the glory of the divine being.

00:12:14.639 --> 00:12:18.500
 A new sense, quite different from anything I had ever experienced before.

00:12:19.159 --> 00:12:22.740
 I thought, how excellent a being this was.

00:12:23.179 --> 00:12:27.279
 And how happy I should be if I might enjoy that God.

00:12:28.359 --> 00:12:30.819
 And be wrapped up to God in heaven.

00:12:31.099 --> 00:12:32.679
 And be swallowed up in him.

00:12:32.679 --> 00:12:36.019
 I went to prayer to pray to God that I might enjoy him.

00:12:36.019 --> 00:12:40.220
 And prayed in a manner quite different from what I used to do.

00:12:40.579 --> 00:12:42.819
 With a new sort of affection.

00:12:43.740 --> 00:12:45.019
 A new sort of affection.

00:12:46.079 --> 00:12:51.299
 This new lively sense of the sweetness of the divine things.

00:12:51.639 --> 00:12:54.259
 Edwards later came to see as his regeneration.

00:12:55.000 --> 00:12:59.319
 A new spiritual affection that was wrought by God.

00:12:59.559 --> 00:13:02.059
 A new spiritual savor.

00:13:02.059 --> 00:13:07.579
 A supernaturally wrought taste for the splendor of Christ.

00:13:08.619 --> 00:13:13.879
 And this question, the nature of authentic religious experience.

00:13:14.239 --> 00:13:18.279
 Discerning true from the counterfeit spirituality.

00:13:18.279 --> 00:13:21.459
 Would receive much of his best reflections.

00:13:21.899 --> 00:13:27.539
 And his meditations here on this topic are one of the true treasures of the church.

00:13:27.539 --> 00:13:31.439
 I'm going to say a little bit more about his mature reflections.

00:13:31.959 --> 00:13:32.399
 Anon.

00:13:32.620 --> 00:13:34.000
 But back to the storyline.

00:13:34.579 --> 00:13:37.639
 And a very pleasant thickening of the plot.

00:13:38.699 --> 00:13:40.079
 We find Jonathan Edwards.

00:13:40.219 --> 00:13:40.419
 Ooh.

00:13:40.579 --> 00:13:40.819
 Let's.

00:13:42.919 --> 00:13:43.699
 There we go.

00:13:44.139 --> 00:13:46.559
 We find Jonathan Edwards studying.

00:13:46.819 --> 00:13:47.819
 A little surprise.

00:13:48.279 --> 00:13:49.259
 Back at Yale now.

00:13:49.360 --> 00:13:49.959
 As a tutor.

00:13:50.419 --> 00:13:52.139
 He graduated at the top of his class.

00:13:52.379 --> 00:13:53.919
 Youngest by far in his class.

00:13:53.919 --> 00:13:56.659
 Academically superior.

00:13:57.839 --> 00:13:58.839
 Substantially too.

00:13:58.899 --> 00:13:59.659
 At his graduation.

00:14:00.559 --> 00:14:02.379
 But uncharacteristically.

00:14:02.519 --> 00:14:03.599
 There he is studying characteristically.

00:14:03.719 --> 00:14:04.740
 But uncharacteristically.

00:14:05.399 --> 00:14:08.699
 Notwithstanding his titanic capacity for focus.

00:14:09.299 --> 00:14:11.319
 We find Edwards distracted.

00:14:12.319 --> 00:14:16.439
 The evidence is on the cover of one of his Greek exercise books.

00:14:16.439 --> 00:14:18.039
 Where we find in his hand.

00:14:18.519 --> 00:14:21.379
 An ode to a young lady.

00:14:21.379 --> 00:14:23.620
 He's got little poems that he's writing in the side.

00:14:23.759 --> 00:14:24.600
 And doodles.

00:14:24.779 --> 00:14:26.960
 And this is a serious crack in his focus.

00:14:27.700 --> 00:14:28.840
 Well the young lady.

00:14:28.980 --> 00:14:29.740
 There she is.

00:14:30.480 --> 00:14:31.500
 It's a little older.

00:14:31.559 --> 00:14:33.439
 She's a little older here in this picture.

00:14:33.879 --> 00:14:35.679
 They were not as wealthy as she was.

00:14:35.740 --> 00:14:38.159
 They were not painting portraits of her as an early teen.

00:14:38.679 --> 00:14:39.340
 This is later.

00:14:40.480 --> 00:14:42.759
 The young lady was Sarah Pierpont.

00:14:43.360 --> 00:14:45.100
 Thirteen years old.

00:14:45.100 --> 00:14:47.700
 She would have been Edwards Jr.

00:14:47.700 --> 00:14:48.700
 By seven years.

00:14:48.800 --> 00:14:50.220
 Not uncommon in those days.

00:14:51.879 --> 00:14:55.060
 She was a very fine New Haven family.

00:14:55.240 --> 00:14:57.940
 On the top rung of the social ladder.

00:14:58.080 --> 00:14:59.360
 In fact her home.

00:14:59.460 --> 00:15:00.060
 The home that she.

00:15:00.120 --> 00:15:01.899
 The actual house that she grew up in.

00:15:02.159 --> 00:15:03.019
 Is still preserved.

00:15:03.379 --> 00:15:04.899
 And is the Yale Visitor Center.

00:15:05.139 --> 00:15:06.340
 Right there on Elm Street.

00:15:06.600 --> 00:15:08.040
 If you happen to walk in there.

00:15:08.159 --> 00:15:09.840
 That was her home that she grew up in.

00:15:10.480 --> 00:15:10.879
 Preserved.

00:15:10.879 --> 00:15:14.000
 Though only thirteen.

00:15:14.220 --> 00:15:16.399
 Suitors were already standing in line.

00:15:17.299 --> 00:15:19.399
 Almost all of them more dashing.

00:15:19.559 --> 00:15:20.279
 And suave.

00:15:20.399 --> 00:15:21.240
 And debonair.

00:15:21.639 --> 00:15:23.279
 Than the gangling scholar.

00:15:23.659 --> 00:15:25.879
 But she found the budding thinker deep.

00:15:26.740 --> 00:15:28.340
 And loved to talk with him.

00:15:28.419 --> 00:15:29.639
 Of spiritual things.

00:15:29.960 --> 00:15:31.620
 So after three years of friendship.

00:15:31.799 --> 00:15:32.360
 And courtship.

00:15:32.620 --> 00:15:33.439
 They were married.

00:15:34.240 --> 00:15:35.200
 And it proved.

00:15:35.399 --> 00:15:36.320
 As we shall see.

00:15:36.539 --> 00:15:38.340
 A very fine match.

00:15:39.200 --> 00:15:40.740
 They took up their new life together.

00:15:40.740 --> 00:15:41.820
 In Northampton.

00:15:42.779 --> 00:15:44.840
 Where Jonathan had been called.

00:15:44.940 --> 00:15:47.740
 To assist his aging grandfather.

00:15:47.960 --> 00:15:49.060
 Solomon Stoddard.

00:15:49.360 --> 00:15:50.259
 In the pastorate.

00:15:50.399 --> 00:15:51.379
 Now the first Sunday.

00:15:51.720 --> 00:15:52.879
 In their new home.

00:15:52.980 --> 00:15:54.460
 Sarah swished into the church.

00:15:54.680 --> 00:15:56.000
 Wearing her wedding gown.

00:15:56.840 --> 00:15:58.799
 This was the demand of custom.

00:15:59.320 --> 00:16:00.240
 In fact law.

00:16:00.759 --> 00:16:03.240
 That all newly arrived wives.

00:16:03.659 --> 00:16:05.879
 Had to display their wedding dress.

00:16:05.960 --> 00:16:07.039
 On the first Sunday.

00:16:07.039 --> 00:16:08.060
 That they were in church.

00:16:08.159 --> 00:16:09.519
 In a new location.

00:16:09.519 --> 00:16:10.519
 In a new home.

00:16:10.519 --> 00:16:10.860
 I don't.

00:16:11.000 --> 00:16:11.740
 I'm not confident.

00:16:11.740 --> 00:16:12.779
 About the reason for this.

00:16:12.860 --> 00:16:13.579
 I think it was probably.

00:16:13.720 --> 00:16:14.600
 Proof of marriage.

00:16:14.919 --> 00:16:16.079
 Puritans didn't wear wedding rings.

00:16:16.179 --> 00:16:17.500
 And this is how you would show.

00:16:17.740 --> 00:16:18.600
 That you were not like.

00:16:18.699 --> 00:16:19.720
 Racially cohabiting.

00:16:19.799 --> 00:16:20.840
 With a guy next to you.

00:16:20.919 --> 00:16:22.379
 You just wear your wedding dress.

00:16:22.439 --> 00:16:23.500
 And then everybody would know.

00:16:23.639 --> 00:16:24.299
 It's kosher.

00:16:24.559 --> 00:16:25.240
 It's okay.

00:16:26.819 --> 00:16:27.220
 So.

00:16:27.779 --> 00:16:28.480
 I know.

00:16:28.620 --> 00:16:29.720
 It's the Puritans.

00:16:29.919 --> 00:16:30.740
 What can we do?

00:16:31.860 --> 00:16:32.960
 We wear wedding rings.

00:16:33.039 --> 00:16:33.639
 A little simpler.

00:16:33.639 --> 00:16:35.519
 Incidentally.

00:16:35.519 --> 00:16:37.699
 The wedding dress.

00:16:37.699 --> 00:16:39.419
 Was not the only thing.

00:16:39.539 --> 00:16:41.080
 That the Edwards displayed on Sunday.

00:16:41.299 --> 00:16:43.439
 For there was a pew.

00:16:43.580 --> 00:16:44.620
 Right next to the lectern.

00:16:44.740 --> 00:16:45.240
 With a pastor busy.

00:16:45.519 --> 00:16:46.259
 A pew.

00:16:46.740 --> 00:16:49.039
 That was provided for the pastor's family.

00:16:49.039 --> 00:16:50.580
 Right beside the pulpit.

00:16:50.860 --> 00:16:52.539
 Facing the congregation.

00:16:53.120 --> 00:16:54.639
 To demonstrate compliance.

00:16:54.639 --> 00:16:56.620
 With the eldership requirements.

00:16:56.620 --> 00:16:58.779
 Of having well disciplined children.

00:16:59.179 --> 00:16:59.399
 Okay.

00:16:59.399 --> 00:17:00.879
 One hoped.

00:17:01.039 --> 00:17:02.319
 In mute testimony.

00:17:02.519 --> 00:17:04.220
 To his right to occupy the pulpit.

00:17:05.299 --> 00:17:06.839
 The number of their children.

00:17:07.079 --> 00:17:08.099
 Growing consistently.

00:17:08.339 --> 00:17:09.379
 In two year intervals.

00:17:09.779 --> 00:17:11.220
 Soon grew to 11.

00:17:11.839 --> 00:17:12.700
 11 children.

00:17:13.019 --> 00:17:14.079
 Six of them.

00:17:14.359 --> 00:17:14.879
 Incidentally.

00:17:15.539 --> 00:17:16.579
 Born on a Sunday.

00:17:16.720 --> 00:17:17.799
 And I lower my voice.

00:17:17.920 --> 00:17:19.519
 Because this happened to be.

00:17:19.579 --> 00:17:20.460
 A bit of a scandal.

00:17:20.559 --> 00:17:21.240
 In the congregation.

00:17:22.700 --> 00:17:23.259
 The.

00:17:23.519 --> 00:17:25.279
 Raised many an eyebrow in town.

00:17:25.420 --> 00:17:25.940
 As the.

00:17:26.379 --> 00:17:27.639
 Invariable folk belief.

00:17:27.639 --> 00:17:28.160
 At the time.

00:17:28.299 --> 00:17:29.139
 Was that you were.

00:17:29.140 --> 00:17:31.040
 Born on the day of the week.

00:17:31.040 --> 00:17:33.560
 That you had been conceived on.

00:17:33.960 --> 00:17:34.280
 They thought.

00:17:34.400 --> 00:17:35.259
 Good heavens.

00:17:35.420 --> 00:17:35.860
 Pastor.

00:17:36.460 --> 00:17:36.860
 Sabbath.

00:17:37.060 --> 00:17:38.080
 They were born on a Sabbath.

00:17:38.200 --> 00:17:39.480
 That's for studying your Bible.

00:17:39.600 --> 00:17:41.320
 Not snuggling with your bride.

00:17:42.220 --> 00:17:42.440
 So.

00:17:42.759 --> 00:17:43.740
 The things that.

00:17:43.840 --> 00:17:44.420
 That poor Sarah.

00:17:44.600 --> 00:17:45.200
 Had to get over.

00:17:45.400 --> 00:17:45.800
 In public.

00:17:47.180 --> 00:17:47.660
 Well.

00:17:47.800 --> 00:17:48.640
 Were granted.

00:17:49.100 --> 00:17:50.180
 Several glimpses.

00:17:50.300 --> 00:17:51.520
 Into the Edwards parsonage.

00:17:52.040 --> 00:17:52.520
 Edwards.

00:17:52.660 --> 00:17:53.220
 First biographer.

00:17:53.400 --> 00:17:54.180
 Samuel Hopkins.

00:17:54.600 --> 00:17:55.740
 Boarded with the Edwards.

00:17:55.860 --> 00:17:56.800
 To round off.

00:17:56.860 --> 00:17:58.160
 His theological training.

00:17:58.160 --> 00:17:59.880
 And was pretty much.

00:17:59.940 --> 00:18:00.900
 An adopted member.

00:18:00.900 --> 00:18:01.580
 Of the family.

00:18:01.580 --> 00:18:02.480
 And leaves us.

00:18:02.580 --> 00:18:03.920
 Some pretty intimate sketches.

00:18:04.300 --> 00:18:05.460
 Of the household.

00:18:06.620 --> 00:18:07.180
 Hopkins.

00:18:07.380 --> 00:18:08.460
 When graduating from Yale.

00:18:08.540 --> 00:18:09.220
 Had planned.

00:18:09.380 --> 00:18:10.279
 To complete his training.

00:18:10.279 --> 00:18:10.920
 With Gilbert.

00:18:11.400 --> 00:18:12.000
 Tennant.

00:18:12.580 --> 00:18:14.140
 In Hopkins opinion.

00:18:14.140 --> 00:18:14.900
 At the time.

00:18:15.060 --> 00:18:15.800
 The greatest.

00:18:15.980 --> 00:18:17.080
 And best man.

00:18:17.080 --> 00:18:18.340
 And the best preacher.

00:18:18.580 --> 00:18:18.920
 Ever.

00:18:19.200 --> 00:18:19.759
 Anywhere.

00:18:19.980 --> 00:18:20.340
 Period.

00:18:20.580 --> 00:18:21.400
 So thought he.

00:18:21.540 --> 00:18:22.060
 Of Tennant.

00:18:22.059 --> 00:18:24.119
 But it so happened.

00:18:24.440 --> 00:18:25.359
 That Jonathan Edwards.

00:18:25.639 --> 00:18:26.240
 At the time.

00:18:26.359 --> 00:18:27.399
 Unknown to Hopkins.

00:18:27.399 --> 00:18:28.879
 Was chosen to deliver.

00:18:28.980 --> 00:18:30.200
 Yale's baccalaureate address.

00:18:30.319 --> 00:18:31.819
 When Hopkins was graduating.

00:18:32.359 --> 00:18:34.119
 And Hopkins was so impressed.

00:18:34.399 --> 00:18:35.299
 That he then writes.

00:18:35.579 --> 00:18:37.139
 I altered my sentiments.

00:18:37.139 --> 00:18:38.379
 With respect to Tennant.

00:18:38.759 --> 00:18:40.200
 And determined to go live.

00:18:40.200 --> 00:18:41.240
 With Edwards instead.

00:18:42.240 --> 00:18:43.200
 So Hopkins.

00:18:43.200 --> 00:18:44.419
 Suddenly shows up.

00:18:44.480 --> 00:18:45.299
 At the Edwards man's.

00:18:45.519 --> 00:18:46.039
 Midwinter.

00:18:46.279 --> 00:18:47.299
 An utter stranger.

00:18:47.720 --> 00:18:48.539
 To either of them.

00:18:48.980 --> 00:18:49.619
 Utter stranger.

00:18:49.619 --> 00:18:51.659
 Edwards was on a preaching tour.

00:18:51.759 --> 00:18:53.139
 But Sarah kindly received him.

00:18:53.599 --> 00:18:54.699
 It seems Hopkins.

00:18:55.259 --> 00:18:55.939
 Arrived.

00:18:56.179 --> 00:18:57.639
 In a state of severe.

00:18:57.919 --> 00:18:59.099
 Spiritual melancholy.

00:18:59.539 --> 00:19:00.719
 With doubts.

00:19:00.879 --> 00:19:01.419
 As to.

00:19:01.879 --> 00:19:02.479
 His.

00:19:03.039 --> 00:19:03.919
 Gracious state.

00:19:04.000 --> 00:19:04.299
 In other words.

00:19:04.379 --> 00:19:05.399
 Whether he was indeed.

00:19:05.639 --> 00:19:06.119
 Truly.

00:19:06.699 --> 00:19:07.739
 A regenerate.

00:19:07.899 --> 00:19:08.419
 Christian.

00:19:09.199 --> 00:19:10.059
 With Jonathan.

00:19:10.059 --> 00:19:10.679
 Not at hand.

00:19:11.119 --> 00:19:11.439
 Sarah.

00:19:11.639 --> 00:19:12.319
 Engaged him.

00:19:12.500 --> 00:19:13.919
 Upon these distresses.

00:19:14.479 --> 00:19:15.299
 And that.

00:19:15.519 --> 00:19:16.319
 So helpfully.

00:19:16.419 --> 00:19:16.919
 That Hopkins.

00:19:16.919 --> 00:19:17.019
 That's not a good idea.

00:19:17.019 --> 00:19:17.279
 That Hopkins wondered.

00:19:17.399 --> 00:19:17.899
 If her husband.

00:19:18.099 --> 00:19:19.259
 Would be able to match her.

00:19:19.619 --> 00:19:21.239
 In pastoral theology.

00:19:22.000 --> 00:19:22.479
 This.

00:19:23.000 --> 00:19:24.219
 Not uncommon.

00:19:24.479 --> 00:19:25.659
 For many of the wives.

00:19:25.659 --> 00:19:26.419
 Of the famous.

00:19:27.000 --> 00:19:27.779
 Anna Zwingli.

00:19:27.899 --> 00:19:28.419
 For example.

00:19:28.739 --> 00:19:29.459
 Would edit.

00:19:29.699 --> 00:19:30.899
 Not just the spelling.

00:19:30.899 --> 00:19:31.979
 Of Zwingli's.

00:19:32.339 --> 00:19:33.159
 Theological works.

00:19:33.339 --> 00:19:34.639
 But the content too.

00:19:35.039 --> 00:19:35.919
 We got some really.

00:19:36.039 --> 00:19:36.699
 First rate.

00:19:37.039 --> 00:19:38.159
 Women theologians.

00:19:38.259 --> 00:19:39.000
 Down through history.

00:19:39.139 --> 00:19:40.439
 We're going to bring some of those out too.

00:19:40.559 --> 00:19:41.219
 One of these days.

00:19:42.699 --> 00:19:43.179
 Well.

00:19:45.619 --> 00:19:46.059
 The.

00:19:46.399 --> 00:19:47.439
 The impression.

00:19:47.619 --> 00:19:48.199
 Prompted him.

00:19:48.200 --> 00:19:48.640
 But.

00:19:48.640 --> 00:19:49.200
 Oh.

00:19:49.200 --> 00:19:49.860
 I should say.

00:19:51.240 --> 00:19:51.799
 Oh.

00:19:51.980 --> 00:19:53.299
 It was Mrs. Edwards ability.

00:19:53.299 --> 00:19:54.460
 To discourse.

00:19:54.460 --> 00:19:56.080
 Upon the things of God.

00:19:56.380 --> 00:19:57.240
 That among other things.

00:19:57.360 --> 00:19:58.120
 So impressed.

00:19:58.360 --> 00:19:58.880
 Evangelist.

00:19:59.000 --> 00:19:59.440
 George.

00:19:59.840 --> 00:20:00.360
 Whitefield.

00:20:00.580 --> 00:20:01.420
 Who stayed with them.

00:20:01.500 --> 00:20:03.019
 While on a preaching tour.

00:20:03.580 --> 00:20:05.080
 As a diary.

00:20:05.240 --> 00:20:06.019
 Entry reads.

00:20:06.140 --> 00:20:06.819
 Of George.

00:20:06.819 --> 00:20:07.220
 Whitefield.

00:20:07.299 --> 00:20:08.299
 The great evangelist.

00:20:08.720 --> 00:20:08.920
 Quote.

00:20:09.299 --> 00:20:10.160
 Mrs. Edwards.

00:20:10.440 --> 00:20:10.900
 Talked.

00:20:11.120 --> 00:20:12.120
 So solidly.

00:20:12.120 --> 00:20:13.160
 Of the things of God.

00:20:13.160 --> 00:20:14.059
 And seemed.

00:20:14.059 --> 00:20:15.460
 To be such a help meet.

00:20:15.539 --> 00:20:16.179
 For her husband.

00:20:16.740 --> 00:20:17.799
 That she caused me.

00:20:17.940 --> 00:20:18.460
 To renew.

00:20:18.639 --> 00:20:19.220
 These prayers.

00:20:19.379 --> 00:20:20.579
 That God would be pleased.

00:20:20.779 --> 00:20:21.559
 To send me.

00:20:21.859 --> 00:20:22.960
 A daughter of Abraham.

00:20:23.480 --> 00:20:24.000
 Like her.

00:20:24.279 --> 00:20:25.139
 To be my wife.

00:20:25.619 --> 00:20:26.079
 So.

00:20:26.500 --> 00:20:27.299
 He inspires.

00:20:27.859 --> 00:20:28.240
 George.

00:20:28.379 --> 00:20:28.779
 Whitefield.

00:20:31.980 --> 00:20:32.579
 Once.

00:20:32.819 --> 00:20:33.319
 Once.

00:20:33.440 --> 00:20:34.399
 Sarah's reputation.

00:20:34.399 --> 00:20:35.159
 For godliness.

00:20:35.659 --> 00:20:37.059
 Helped an embarrassed minister.

00:20:37.159 --> 00:20:38.279
 Recover his composure.

00:20:38.279 --> 00:20:41.559
 Edwards was to be a guest preacher.

00:20:41.980 --> 00:20:43.319
 But when he failed to arrive.

00:20:43.799 --> 00:20:44.240
 Reluctantly.

00:20:44.420 --> 00:20:45.940
 The pastor mounted the pulpit.

00:20:46.039 --> 00:20:47.559
 To supply the sermon himself.

00:20:49.079 --> 00:20:51.279
 And during his opening prayer.

00:20:51.680 --> 00:20:52.200
 Edwards.

00:20:52.879 --> 00:20:54.039
 Slipped in the door.

00:20:54.139 --> 00:20:54.899
 But no one saw.

00:20:54.980 --> 00:20:55.180
 Of course.

00:20:55.240 --> 00:20:56.379
 Everybody's eyes are closed.

00:20:56.379 --> 00:20:57.759
 And he slipped in the door.

00:20:58.420 --> 00:21:00.359
 And he was unknown to the pastor.

00:21:00.500 --> 00:21:00.720
 Praying.

00:21:00.839 --> 00:21:02.420
 Was standing right next to him.

00:21:02.720 --> 00:21:03.559
 While he prayed.

00:21:03.920 --> 00:21:05.259
 Who in the course of his prayer.

00:21:05.399 --> 00:21:06.059
 Thanked God.

00:21:06.160 --> 00:21:07.539
 For his mighty servant.

00:21:07.539 --> 00:21:08.319
 But Jonathan Edwards.

00:21:08.940 --> 00:21:09.420
 Expounding.

00:21:09.799 --> 00:21:10.879
 Pretty amply.

00:21:11.180 --> 00:21:12.819
 Upon his excellence.

00:21:12.879 --> 00:21:13.420
 As a preacher.

00:21:13.819 --> 00:21:14.619
 And a theologian.

00:21:14.740 --> 00:21:15.839
 And upon concluding.

00:21:16.099 --> 00:21:17.139
 And opening his eyes.

00:21:17.379 --> 00:21:18.460
 There stood Edwards.

00:21:18.539 --> 00:21:19.399
 Right next to him.

00:21:19.639 --> 00:21:20.599
 And blushing.

00:21:21.019 --> 00:21:21.659
 He sputtered.

00:21:21.700 --> 00:21:23.220
 I wish I had noticed you.

00:21:23.519 --> 00:21:25.279
 For I didn't intend to flatter you.

00:21:25.279 --> 00:21:25.960
 To your face.

00:21:26.579 --> 00:21:27.019
 But.

00:21:27.639 --> 00:21:29.099
 I'll tell you one thing.

00:21:29.460 --> 00:21:30.079
 They say.

00:21:30.200 --> 00:21:31.059
 And everyone agrees.

00:21:31.220 --> 00:21:31.940
 That your wife.

00:21:32.039 --> 00:21:32.700
 Is going to heaven.

00:21:32.819 --> 00:21:33.960
 By a far shorter road.

00:21:34.039 --> 00:21:34.680
 Than you are.

00:21:35.279 --> 00:21:35.559
 So.

00:21:35.960 --> 00:21:36.759
 Is able to at least.

00:21:36.759 --> 00:21:38.119
 To make things out.

00:21:38.359 --> 00:21:39.359
 And Sarah.

00:21:39.759 --> 00:21:40.960
 Appears to have been.

00:21:40.960 --> 00:21:42.240
 As hard working.

00:21:42.240 --> 00:21:42.680
 As holy.

00:21:43.519 --> 00:21:44.700
 She was the mistress.

00:21:44.700 --> 00:21:45.779
 Of the domain.

00:21:45.940 --> 00:21:47.019
 Par excellence.

00:21:47.420 --> 00:21:48.400
 And the domain.

00:21:48.539 --> 00:21:49.019
 Included.

00:21:49.379 --> 00:21:50.700
 Not only the household.

00:21:51.740 --> 00:21:52.460
 Regularly.

00:21:52.799 --> 00:21:53.960
 Graced with many.

00:21:54.079 --> 00:21:54.900
 A boarding visitor.

00:21:55.279 --> 00:21:56.539
 But also the garden.

00:21:56.740 --> 00:21:58.240
 And the fields.

00:21:59.279 --> 00:22:00.460
 Once Jonathan asked her.

00:22:00.539 --> 00:22:00.839
 No doubt.

00:22:00.960 --> 00:22:01.579
 Looking up.

00:22:01.680 --> 00:22:02.140
 From a book.

00:22:02.140 --> 00:22:05.140
 I completely forgot.

00:22:05.520 --> 00:22:06.400
 The harvest.

00:22:07.720 --> 00:22:08.960
 Isn't it about time.

00:22:08.960 --> 00:22:10.000
 For the hay to be cut.

00:22:10.640 --> 00:22:11.580
 And Sarah responds.

00:22:12.400 --> 00:22:13.960
 I've had it in the barn.

00:22:14.040 --> 00:22:14.840
 For two weeks dear.

00:22:15.020 --> 00:22:16.020
 Go back to your books.

00:22:16.160 --> 00:22:17.060
 Go back to your books.

00:22:17.860 --> 00:22:18.160
 So.

00:22:18.340 --> 00:22:18.580
 Wow.

00:22:19.120 --> 00:22:21.360
 It was a happy circumstance.

00:22:21.540 --> 00:22:22.360
 Observes Hopkins.

00:22:23.000 --> 00:22:24.560
 That he could trust.

00:22:25.120 --> 00:22:25.560
 Everything.

00:22:26.160 --> 00:22:26.800
 To the care.

00:22:26.920 --> 00:22:28.360
 Of Mrs. Edwards.

00:22:28.359 --> 00:22:29.639
 Her family.

00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:30.979
 Seems not.

00:22:31.219 --> 00:22:32.500
 To have gotten along.

00:22:32.619 --> 00:22:33.219
 Very well.

00:22:33.519 --> 00:22:34.079
 Without her.

00:22:34.399 --> 00:22:35.199
 Once Sarah.

00:22:35.199 --> 00:22:35.939
 Had to leave them.

00:22:36.259 --> 00:22:37.519
 To nurse an ill uncle.

00:22:37.679 --> 00:22:38.219
 In Boston.

00:22:38.819 --> 00:22:39.339
 And Jonathan.

00:22:39.459 --> 00:22:40.019
 Wrote to her.

00:22:40.719 --> 00:22:41.679
 In a letter addressed.

00:22:41.819 --> 00:22:42.719
 Dear companion.

00:22:43.339 --> 00:22:44.240
 We have been.

00:22:44.299 --> 00:22:44.939
 Without you.

00:22:45.259 --> 00:22:46.459
 Almost as long.

00:22:46.519 --> 00:22:47.119
 As we know.

00:22:47.219 --> 00:22:47.939
 How to do.

00:22:48.719 --> 00:22:49.759
 And the sentiment.

00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:50.740
 Was clearly shared.

00:22:50.839 --> 00:22:51.539
 By all the family.

00:22:51.919 --> 00:22:52.339
 A leaf.

00:22:52.439 --> 00:22:53.159
 Of her daughter.

00:22:53.459 --> 00:22:54.379
 Esther's diary.

00:22:54.819 --> 00:22:55.539
 Shows mother.

00:22:55.639 --> 00:22:56.740
 Was clearly the son.

00:22:56.839 --> 00:22:57.359
 Around which.

00:22:57.479 --> 00:22:58.139
 All else.

00:22:58.560 --> 00:22:59.160
 Revolved.

00:22:59.540 --> 00:22:59.880
 Quote.

00:23:00.300 --> 00:23:01.140
 This morn.

00:23:01.500 --> 00:23:02.160
 My mother.

00:23:02.320 --> 00:23:02.880
 Set out.

00:23:03.320 --> 00:23:03.920
 And hopes.

00:23:04.020 --> 00:23:04.500
 To return.

00:23:04.580 --> 00:23:05.460
 In about a month.

00:23:05.740 --> 00:23:06.720
 But alas.

00:23:06.720 --> 00:23:07.340
 For me.

00:23:07.920 --> 00:23:08.940
 I shall not be able.

00:23:08.940 --> 00:23:09.580
 To await her.

00:23:10.259 --> 00:23:11.540
 Await her return.

00:23:11.540 --> 00:23:12.660
 My mother.

00:23:12.860 --> 00:23:13.340
 Gone.

00:23:13.720 --> 00:23:14.520
 It adds.

00:23:14.660 --> 00:23:15.440
 Double gloom.

00:23:15.520 --> 00:23:16.200
 To everything.

00:23:17.120 --> 00:23:17.620
 A week later.

00:23:17.700 --> 00:23:18.160
 Her feelings.

00:23:18.300 --> 00:23:18.920
 Were unchanged.

00:23:19.500 --> 00:23:21.080
 You can't conceive.

00:23:21.420 --> 00:23:22.460
 How everything.

00:23:22.580 --> 00:23:22.980
 Alters.

00:23:23.160 --> 00:23:24.000
 Upon my mother.

00:23:24.060 --> 00:23:24.759
 Is going away.

00:23:25.259 --> 00:23:25.740
 All.

00:23:26.040 --> 00:23:26.800
 Is as dark.

00:23:27.040 --> 00:23:27.680
 As Egypt.

00:23:27.680 --> 00:23:28.420
 My apologies.

00:23:28.420 --> 00:23:29.680
 If anyone's from Egypt here.

00:23:29.779 --> 00:23:30.820
 Just a biblical reference.

00:23:30.980 --> 00:23:31.140
 Okay.

00:23:31.340 --> 00:23:33.600
 It's all as dark.

00:23:33.840 --> 00:23:34.400
 As Egypt.

00:23:35.039 --> 00:23:36.019
 And what of her husband?

00:23:36.140 --> 00:23:37.440
 Well Hopkins already told us.

00:23:37.600 --> 00:23:39.539
 That he spent 13 hours a day.

00:23:39.539 --> 00:23:40.420
 In his study.

00:23:40.960 --> 00:23:42.600
 But this did not prevent.

00:23:42.680 --> 00:23:43.980
 His leading his family.

00:23:44.380 --> 00:23:45.100
 Every morning.

00:23:45.360 --> 00:23:46.759
 He led them.

00:23:47.000 --> 00:23:47.900
 In family prayers.

00:23:47.900 --> 00:23:49.420
 Where he read a chapter.

00:23:49.420 --> 00:23:50.080
 Of the Bible.

00:23:50.460 --> 00:23:51.620
 And asked the children.

00:23:51.860 --> 00:23:52.400
 Questions.

00:23:52.400 --> 00:23:53.940
 And explained anything.

00:23:53.940 --> 00:23:54.759
 Of difficulty.

00:23:54.759 --> 00:23:55.700
 That occurred to him.

00:23:55.700 --> 00:23:56.440
 From that.

00:23:56.440 --> 00:23:57.660
 Biblical passage.

00:23:57.840 --> 00:23:58.540
 From that chapter.

00:23:59.019 --> 00:23:59.740
 And in the evenings.

00:24:00.759 --> 00:24:01.440
 Before.

00:24:02.240 --> 00:24:02.880
 Sabbath.

00:24:03.220 --> 00:24:04.960
 He worked through the shorter catechism.

00:24:05.180 --> 00:24:06.380
 With his family.

00:24:07.140 --> 00:24:08.259
 Every family.

00:24:09.000 --> 00:24:10.040
 Listen well.

00:24:10.140 --> 00:24:11.400
 All you who are fathers.

00:24:11.560 --> 00:24:12.680
 Or might become such.

00:24:12.960 --> 00:24:15.340
 And mothers who can helpfully encourage your husbands.

00:24:15.840 --> 00:24:16.140
 Okay.

00:24:16.140 --> 00:24:17.780
 Every family.

00:24:18.400 --> 00:24:18.960
 Says Edwards.

00:24:19.220 --> 00:24:20.140
 Ought to be.

00:24:20.480 --> 00:24:21.560
 A little church.

00:24:22.460 --> 00:24:24.300
 Family education and order.

00:24:24.720 --> 00:24:27.580
 Are some of the chief of the means of grace.

00:24:28.340 --> 00:24:30.020
 If these fail.

00:24:30.540 --> 00:24:31.759
 All other means.

00:24:31.980 --> 00:24:33.960
 Are like to prove ineffectual.

00:24:34.620 --> 00:24:36.820
 If these are duly maintained.

00:24:37.600 --> 00:24:39.300
 All the means of grace.

00:24:39.540 --> 00:24:40.500
 Will likely.

00:24:40.860 --> 00:24:42.460
 Will be likely to prosper.

00:24:42.640 --> 00:24:43.900
 And be successful.

00:24:43.900 --> 00:24:46.519
 And thanks for the grace of God too.

00:24:46.600 --> 00:24:47.040
 We should end.

00:24:47.400 --> 00:24:48.200
 But yes.

00:24:48.320 --> 00:24:48.900
 Do these things.

00:24:49.440 --> 00:24:50.740
 He also set aside.

00:24:51.120 --> 00:24:51.980
 One hour.

00:24:52.120 --> 00:24:53.420
 At the close of each day.

00:24:53.940 --> 00:24:55.820
 To play with his children.

00:24:56.940 --> 00:24:57.740
 And typically.

00:24:58.340 --> 00:25:00.100
 At four in the afternoon.

00:25:00.220 --> 00:25:00.940
 Jonathan and Sarah.

00:25:01.060 --> 00:25:02.140
 Would saddle up their horses.

00:25:02.460 --> 00:25:03.720
 And they would go out for a ride.

00:25:03.800 --> 00:25:05.620
 To catch up on all manner of things.

00:25:05.920 --> 00:25:07.280
 And just enjoy together.

00:25:07.360 --> 00:25:08.220
 The beauty of nature.

00:25:08.220 --> 00:25:09.220
 And their own companionship.

00:25:10.420 --> 00:25:10.860
 In life.

00:25:11.160 --> 00:25:12.380
 They were excellent horsemen.

00:25:12.500 --> 00:25:12.960
 Both of them.

00:25:13.900 --> 00:25:15.940
 Edwards seems to.

00:25:15.940 --> 00:25:17.400
 Have known his daughters.

00:25:17.640 --> 00:25:18.500
 Quite well.

00:25:18.840 --> 00:25:19.720
 Well enough that is.

00:25:19.920 --> 00:25:20.180
 At least.

00:25:20.360 --> 00:25:22.540
 To frankly warn their suitors.

00:25:22.800 --> 00:25:24.540
 When he thought it necessary.

00:25:25.660 --> 00:25:27.120
 His eldest daughter Sarah.

00:25:27.440 --> 00:25:28.759
 Had an extremely.

00:25:29.400 --> 00:25:30.540
 Quick temper.

00:25:31.040 --> 00:25:32.200
 Maybe she was Italian.

00:25:32.360 --> 00:25:32.720
 No, no.

00:25:33.440 --> 00:25:35.080
 And when her hand.

00:25:35.240 --> 00:25:37.340
 Was sought by Elihu Parsons.

00:25:37.980 --> 00:25:38.880
 Jonathan Edwards.

00:25:39.280 --> 00:25:40.980
 Plainly disclosed to him.

00:25:40.980 --> 00:25:43.019
 The unpleasant temper.

00:25:43.019 --> 00:25:43.079
 The unpleasant temper.

00:25:43.079 --> 00:25:43.960
 Of his daughter.

00:25:45.160 --> 00:25:46.539
 So Elihu Parsons.

00:25:47.039 --> 00:25:48.440
 Rather surprised.

00:25:49.160 --> 00:25:50.920
 But she has grace.

00:25:51.099 --> 00:25:51.880
 I trust.

00:25:52.279 --> 00:25:53.019
 As Parsons.

00:25:53.220 --> 00:25:54.480
 To which Edwards replied.

00:25:55.160 --> 00:25:56.700
 I hope she has.

00:25:57.240 --> 00:25:58.779
 But grace can live.

00:25:58.920 --> 00:25:59.579
 Where you cannot.

00:26:03.319 --> 00:26:05.019
 Preaching was at the center.

00:26:05.019 --> 00:26:07.059
 Of Edwards public ministry.

00:26:07.059 --> 00:26:09.259
 He didn't think himself.

00:26:09.259 --> 00:26:10.539
 Particularly gifted.

00:26:10.539 --> 00:26:12.759
 At making pastoral calls.

00:26:12.879 --> 00:26:13.359
 Useful.

00:26:13.759 --> 00:26:15.799
 So he didn't make that part.

00:26:15.839 --> 00:26:17.119
 Of his regular practice.

00:26:17.579 --> 00:26:18.379
 Though his people.

00:26:18.519 --> 00:26:19.160
 Were always welcome.

00:26:19.240 --> 00:26:19.980
 To come to him.

00:26:19.980 --> 00:26:21.119
 If they were inclined.

00:26:21.220 --> 00:26:22.099
 And he would warmly.

00:26:22.299 --> 00:26:22.920
 Receive them.

00:26:24.039 --> 00:26:25.400
 He was convinced.

00:26:25.619 --> 00:26:27.359
 That he would serve them better.

00:26:27.680 --> 00:26:28.339
 Through preaching.

00:26:28.839 --> 00:26:29.359
 And writing.

00:26:29.799 --> 00:26:31.019
 And the study.

00:26:31.180 --> 00:26:32.160
 That sustained it.

00:26:32.160 --> 00:26:32.560
 But.

00:26:33.920 --> 00:26:34.960
 Edwards was not.

00:26:35.120 --> 00:26:36.040
 Particularly animated.

00:26:36.040 --> 00:26:36.620
 In the pulpit.

00:26:37.019 --> 00:26:38.259
 One Northamptoner.

00:26:38.500 --> 00:26:39.000
 Said.

00:26:41.400 --> 00:26:42.080
 Excuse me.

00:26:43.519 --> 00:26:44.519
 One Northamptoner.

00:26:44.519 --> 00:26:44.680
 Said.

00:26:45.340 --> 00:26:46.340
 Mr. Edwards.

00:26:46.340 --> 00:26:46.940
 In preaching.

00:26:47.360 --> 00:26:48.779
 Used no gestures.

00:26:49.519 --> 00:26:50.160
 But he would.

00:26:50.279 --> 00:26:50.960
 Simply look.

00:26:51.400 --> 00:26:51.720
 Straight.

00:26:52.300 --> 00:26:52.700
 Forward.

00:26:53.580 --> 00:26:54.460
 Gideon Clark.

00:26:54.580 --> 00:26:55.779
 One in his congregation.

00:26:55.960 --> 00:26:56.100
 Said.

00:26:56.380 --> 00:26:57.140
 He looked.

00:26:57.259 --> 00:26:58.200
 At the bell rope.

00:26:58.220 --> 00:26:59.420
 Until he looked it off.

00:26:59.759 --> 00:27:00.100
 Just.

00:27:00.820 --> 00:27:01.300
 Straightforward.

00:27:01.420 --> 00:27:02.000
 The whole time.

00:27:02.160 --> 00:27:03.680
 What was.

00:27:04.160 --> 00:27:04.900
 Striking.

00:27:05.180 --> 00:27:06.380
 About his sermons.

00:27:06.860 --> 00:27:08.320
 Was the distinctness.

00:27:08.519 --> 00:27:09.340
 And clarity.

00:27:09.640 --> 00:27:11.000
 Of his thought.

00:27:11.779 --> 00:27:13.620
 He handled concepts.

00:27:13.920 --> 00:27:15.019
 As scrupulously.

00:27:15.259 --> 00:27:15.980
 And precisely.

00:27:16.240 --> 00:27:16.980
 As a banker.

00:27:17.200 --> 00:27:18.519
 Handled currency.

00:27:19.040 --> 00:27:19.940
 One comments.

00:27:20.660 --> 00:27:21.160
 And this.

00:27:21.380 --> 00:27:22.660
 Together with a seriousness.

00:27:23.100 --> 00:27:23.980
 Arising from.

00:27:24.140 --> 00:27:25.779
 A solemn consciousness.

00:27:26.019 --> 00:27:26.880
 Of the presence.

00:27:27.340 --> 00:27:28.060
 Of God.

00:27:28.779 --> 00:27:29.340
 Hopkins.

00:27:29.700 --> 00:27:30.180
 Remarked.

00:27:30.180 --> 00:27:31.019
 He appeared.

00:27:31.019 --> 00:27:31.039
 He appeared.

00:27:31.039 --> 00:27:32.620
 With such gravity.

00:27:32.620 --> 00:27:32.759
 And solemnity.

00:27:32.759 --> 00:27:34.940
 And his words.

00:27:35.039 --> 00:27:36.400
 Were so full of ideas.

00:27:36.820 --> 00:27:38.000
 That few speakers.

00:27:38.000 --> 00:27:38.680
 Have been able.

00:27:38.680 --> 00:27:39.360
 To command.

00:27:39.519 --> 00:27:40.039
 The attention.

00:27:40.039 --> 00:27:40.960
 Of an audience.

00:27:41.420 --> 00:27:42.160
 As he did.

00:27:43.000 --> 00:27:43.799
 He strove.

00:27:43.920 --> 00:27:45.440
 With all of his might.

00:27:45.860 --> 00:27:46.940
 In his weekly sermons.

00:27:47.080 --> 00:27:47.779
 To create.

00:27:48.180 --> 00:27:48.740
 Images.

00:27:48.960 --> 00:27:49.759
 Of the word.

00:27:50.120 --> 00:27:51.400
 So perfect.

00:27:51.660 --> 00:27:52.660
 And powerful.

00:27:52.660 --> 00:27:54.180
 That they would be.

00:27:54.180 --> 00:27:55.340
 Experienced.

00:27:55.339 --> 00:27:57.659
 He thought it.

00:27:57.839 --> 00:27:59.240
 No bad thing.

00:27:59.240 --> 00:28:00.639
 To stir up.

00:28:00.720 --> 00:28:01.679
 His hearers.

00:28:02.559 --> 00:28:03.679
 But only.

00:28:04.039 --> 00:28:05.399
 As was fitting.

00:28:05.839 --> 00:28:06.599
 To the truth.

00:28:06.759 --> 00:28:07.240
 Which with.

00:28:07.399 --> 00:28:08.439
 With which he dealt.

00:28:09.179 --> 00:28:09.659
 You see that.

00:28:09.779 --> 00:28:10.000
 Oh.

00:28:10.399 --> 00:28:10.819
 Look at these.

00:28:11.039 --> 00:28:11.459
 Look at these.

00:28:11.459 --> 00:28:11.759
 Look at these.

00:28:11.759 --> 00:28:12.119
 Preachers.

00:28:12.159 --> 00:28:12.500
 Are trying to.

00:28:12.720 --> 00:28:13.779
 Stir up our emotions.

00:28:14.339 --> 00:28:14.699
 Well.

00:28:15.859 --> 00:28:16.379
 Yes.

00:28:16.639 --> 00:28:17.959
 But only those.

00:28:18.079 --> 00:28:18.839
 That these truths.

00:28:18.980 --> 00:28:20.099
 Ought to stir up.

00:28:20.579 --> 00:28:21.220
 That indeed.

00:28:21.339 --> 00:28:21.599
 We are.

00:28:21.779 --> 00:28:22.779
 As Edwards wrote.

00:28:22.779 --> 00:28:25.339
 I should think myself.

00:28:25.759 --> 00:28:27.480
 In the way of my duty.

00:28:28.619 --> 00:28:31.180
 To raise the affections.

00:28:31.180 --> 00:28:32.200
 Of my hearers.

00:28:32.359 --> 00:28:34.839
 As high as I possibly can.

00:28:36.519 --> 00:28:37.039
 Provided.

00:28:37.720 --> 00:28:38.819
 They are affected.

00:28:39.200 --> 00:28:40.099
 With nothing.

00:28:40.339 --> 00:28:41.299
 But the truth.

00:28:42.319 --> 00:28:44.319
 And with the affections.

00:28:44.500 --> 00:28:45.500
 That are not.

00:28:46.319 --> 00:28:46.879
 Disagreeable.

00:28:47.200 --> 00:28:48.099
 To the nature.

00:28:48.339 --> 00:28:50.180
 Of what they are affected with.

00:28:51.079 --> 00:28:51.720
 Did you get that?

00:28:51.720 --> 00:28:53.440
 Incredibly precise.

00:28:53.660 --> 00:28:53.839
 Hey.

00:28:54.000 --> 00:28:54.779
 When we are dealing with.

00:28:54.779 --> 00:28:55.640
 Biblical truth.

00:28:56.019 --> 00:28:57.960
 It ought to stir our affections.

00:28:58.039 --> 00:28:58.819
 Our desires.

00:28:59.039 --> 00:28:59.940
 Our longings.

00:29:00.039 --> 00:29:00.720
 Our hopes.

00:29:00.920 --> 00:29:01.539
 Our fears.

00:29:01.620 --> 00:29:02.839
 It ought to do this.

00:29:03.039 --> 00:29:04.980
 So let's aim to do that.

00:29:05.360 --> 00:29:06.160
 As preachers.

00:29:06.660 --> 00:29:07.680
 But nothing ever.

00:29:07.920 --> 00:29:08.200
 Nothing.

00:29:08.319 --> 00:29:09.079
 Nothing other.

00:29:09.500 --> 00:29:09.960
 Than that.

00:29:10.200 --> 00:29:10.600
 That.

00:29:10.720 --> 00:29:11.579
 Would be manipulation.

00:29:12.460 --> 00:29:14.299
 The former is just good preaching.

00:29:14.299 --> 00:29:19.200
 It was through the instrumentality.

00:29:19.200 --> 00:29:20.139
 Of such preaching.

00:29:20.139 --> 00:29:20.819
 His.

00:29:21.019 --> 00:29:22.180
 George Whitefields.

00:29:22.240 --> 00:29:22.599
 And others.

00:29:23.000 --> 00:29:24.940
 That God brought awakening.

00:29:25.180 --> 00:29:25.579
 To many.

00:29:25.899 --> 00:29:26.559
 A New England.

00:29:27.019 --> 00:29:27.579
 Congregation.

00:29:28.579 --> 00:29:29.680
 Edwards describes.

00:29:29.779 --> 00:29:30.480
 Such an awakening.

00:29:31.019 --> 00:29:31.720
 In Northampton.

00:29:31.960 --> 00:29:32.599
 In his account.

00:29:32.680 --> 00:29:33.019
 Entitled.

00:29:33.079 --> 00:29:33.960
 A faithful narrative.

00:29:34.220 --> 00:29:36.099
 Of the surprising work of God.

00:29:36.339 --> 00:29:37.000
 In the conversion.

00:29:37.119 --> 00:29:38.559
 Of many hundreds of souls.

00:29:38.559 --> 00:29:39.259
 In Northampton.

00:29:39.299 --> 00:29:40.180
 In the neighboring towns.

00:29:40.180 --> 00:29:40.460
 God.

00:29:41.660 --> 00:29:42.220
 God.

00:29:42.580 --> 00:29:43.320
 Seemed to have gone.

00:29:43.580 --> 00:29:44.580
 Out of his usual way.

00:29:44.820 --> 00:29:45.279
 Writes Edwards.

00:29:45.920 --> 00:29:46.820
 In the quickness.

00:29:47.240 --> 00:29:47.759
 Of his work.

00:29:48.259 --> 00:29:48.820
 When God.

00:29:48.920 --> 00:29:49.200
 In so.

00:29:49.480 --> 00:29:50.420
 Remarkable a manner.

00:29:50.799 --> 00:29:51.440
 Took the work.

00:29:51.519 --> 00:29:52.460
 Into his own hands.

00:29:52.860 --> 00:29:53.360
 There was.

00:29:53.480 --> 00:29:54.180
 As much done.

00:29:54.259 --> 00:29:55.220
 In a day or two.

00:29:55.720 --> 00:29:57.100
 As at ordinary times.

00:29:57.279 --> 00:29:58.380
 With all the endeavors.

00:29:58.560 --> 00:29:59.420
 That men can use.

00:29:59.980 --> 00:30:01.279
 And with such a blessing.

00:30:01.279 --> 00:30:02.519
 As we commonly have.

00:30:02.820 --> 00:30:03.500
 Is done.

00:30:03.640 --> 00:30:04.920
 In a year.

00:30:06.000 --> 00:30:06.779
 So you can labor.

00:30:07.019 --> 00:30:07.500
 Faithfully.

00:30:07.600 --> 00:30:08.360
 With all the right things.

00:30:08.580 --> 00:30:09.420
 And all year.

00:30:09.580 --> 00:30:10.060
 And only see.

00:30:10.059 --> 00:30:10.539
 Fruit that.

00:30:11.019 --> 00:30:11.859
 God can come down.

00:30:11.919 --> 00:30:12.859
 And do in a day.

00:30:13.720 --> 00:30:14.000
 Notice.

00:30:14.139 --> 00:30:15.379
 A surprising work.

00:30:15.740 --> 00:30:16.859
 We can't determine this.

00:30:16.940 --> 00:30:17.659
 By our techniques.

00:30:19.639 --> 00:30:20.079
 So.

00:30:22.879 --> 00:30:24.419
 But these awakenings.

00:30:24.539 --> 00:30:25.679
 Were not looked upon.

00:30:25.779 --> 00:30:27.019
 With favor and praise.

00:30:27.079 --> 00:30:28.139
 In all quarters.

00:30:28.619 --> 00:30:29.579
 Many in New England.

00:30:29.579 --> 00:30:30.220
 Divine.

00:30:30.399 --> 00:30:31.440
 Pointing to some of the.

00:30:31.839 --> 00:30:32.579
 Emotional excesses.

00:30:33.619 --> 00:30:34.099
 At times.

00:30:34.279 --> 00:30:35.159
 Associated with them.

00:30:35.519 --> 00:30:36.000
 Thought them.

00:30:36.159 --> 00:30:36.740
 Not at all.

00:30:36.819 --> 00:30:37.779
 The work of the spirit.

00:30:38.740 --> 00:30:39.700
 They were delusive.

00:30:39.700 --> 00:30:41.220
 Not divine.

00:30:41.559 --> 00:30:42.720
 Now Edwards.

00:30:43.059 --> 00:30:44.120
 Defended the awakening.

00:30:44.620 --> 00:30:46.240
 As a genuine work of God.

00:30:46.980 --> 00:30:47.819
 While he admitted.

00:30:47.960 --> 00:30:48.759
 The existence of.

00:30:49.480 --> 00:30:50.000
 Imprudences.

00:30:50.500 --> 00:30:51.400
 And irregularities.

00:30:51.640 --> 00:30:52.640
 He considered that such.

00:30:53.120 --> 00:30:53.600
 Imprudences.

00:30:53.840 --> 00:30:53.980
 Quote.

00:30:54.220 --> 00:30:55.539
 Will not prove a work.

00:30:55.799 --> 00:30:56.600
 To be not.

00:30:56.720 --> 00:30:57.660
 Of the spirit of God.

00:30:58.080 --> 00:30:58.980
 For such things.

00:30:59.039 --> 00:31:00.059
 Were found in the New Testament.

00:31:00.059 --> 00:31:00.900
 Churches also.

00:31:02.180 --> 00:31:03.340
 A work of God.

00:31:03.420 --> 00:31:04.880
 Without stumbling blocks.

00:31:04.880 --> 00:31:07.220
 Is never to be expected.

00:31:07.220 --> 00:31:07.860
 He states.

00:31:09.360 --> 00:31:10.120
 Edwards.

00:31:10.360 --> 00:31:11.640
 Attempted to apply.

00:31:12.300 --> 00:31:13.140
 Discrimination.

00:31:13.500 --> 00:31:14.060
 Discrimination.

00:31:14.220 --> 00:31:14.720
 To seek.

00:31:15.060 --> 00:31:15.700
 To discern.

00:31:15.980 --> 00:31:17.140
 Between the genuine.

00:31:17.300 --> 00:31:18.060
 And the spurious.

00:31:18.660 --> 00:31:19.340
 Spirituality.

00:31:19.740 --> 00:31:20.520
 A true.

00:31:20.580 --> 00:31:21.340
 And a counterfeit.

00:31:21.400 --> 00:31:22.100
 Work of grace.

00:31:22.320 --> 00:31:23.080
 In the soul.

00:31:23.360 --> 00:31:24.640
 And his efforts there.

00:31:24.880 --> 00:31:25.700
 Have been hailed as.

00:31:25.960 --> 00:31:27.260
 The definitive works.

00:31:27.260 --> 00:31:28.340
 On the workings.

00:31:28.700 --> 00:31:29.580
 Of grace.

00:31:30.579 --> 00:31:30.879
 He.

00:31:31.399 --> 00:31:31.859
 Locates.

00:31:32.139 --> 00:31:32.460
 True.

00:31:33.139 --> 00:31:33.699
 Spirituality.

00:31:34.220 --> 00:31:35.759
 In the affections.

00:31:36.319 --> 00:31:36.659
 That is.

00:31:36.819 --> 00:31:37.539
 What do we.

00:31:38.019 --> 00:31:38.819
 Delight.

00:31:39.619 --> 00:31:39.899
 In.

00:31:41.179 --> 00:31:42.299
 All will allow.

00:31:42.659 --> 00:31:43.319
 Edwards writes.

00:31:43.899 --> 00:31:44.079
 That.

00:31:44.419 --> 00:31:44.819
 True.

00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:45.399
 Virtue.

00:31:45.480 --> 00:31:45.980
 Or holiness.

00:31:47.000 --> 00:31:47.980
 Has its seat.

00:31:48.399 --> 00:31:49.079
 Chiefly.

00:31:49.299 --> 00:31:50.460
 In the heart.

00:31:51.419 --> 00:31:52.259
 Rather than.

00:31:52.379 --> 00:31:53.179
 In the head.

00:31:53.619 --> 00:31:53.799
 Okay.

00:31:53.899 --> 00:31:54.519
 Now by heart.

00:31:54.619 --> 00:31:55.919
 He still has a unitary notion.

00:31:56.059 --> 00:31:56.720
 It involves some ideas.

00:31:57.179 --> 00:31:57.460
 Head.

00:31:57.559 --> 00:31:57.899
 He means.

00:31:57.899 --> 00:31:58.259
 Here.

00:31:58.379 --> 00:31:58.639
 He means.

00:31:58.859 --> 00:31:59.119
 Bear.

00:31:59.119 --> 00:31:59.699
 Notional.

00:32:00.419 --> 00:32:00.539
 Okay.

00:32:00.799 --> 00:32:01.959
 Chiefly in the heart.

00:32:02.259 --> 00:32:03.599
 Rather than in the head.

00:32:04.179 --> 00:32:04.959
 It therefore.

00:32:05.199 --> 00:32:05.919
 Follows.

00:32:06.019 --> 00:32:06.899
 That it consists.

00:32:07.439 --> 00:32:07.919
 Chiefly.

00:32:08.239 --> 00:32:09.219
 In holy.

00:32:10.299 --> 00:32:10.779
 Affections.

00:32:11.519 --> 00:32:12.679
 What do you long for?

00:32:12.739 --> 00:32:13.559
 What do you love?

00:32:14.939 --> 00:32:15.839
 An example.

00:32:16.000 --> 00:32:16.579
 Of what he was.

00:32:16.839 --> 00:32:17.500
 Talking about.

00:32:18.619 --> 00:32:19.459
 As an example.

00:32:19.579 --> 00:32:20.099
 He cited.

00:32:20.239 --> 00:32:20.839
 The experience.

00:32:20.919 --> 00:32:21.359
 Of a woman.

00:32:21.839 --> 00:32:22.500
 We know.

00:32:22.579 --> 00:32:23.099
 In fact.

00:32:23.719 --> 00:32:24.199
 That.

00:32:24.439 --> 00:32:25.500
 It was Sarah.

00:32:25.599 --> 00:32:26.179
 His wife.

00:32:26.579 --> 00:32:27.459
 Though he concealed.

00:32:27.579 --> 00:32:27.759
 Her.

00:32:28.159 --> 00:32:28.599
 Identity.

00:32:28.599 --> 00:32:30.939
 So great.

00:32:30.939 --> 00:32:32.639
 Were her religious affections.

00:32:32.639 --> 00:32:33.639
 That her soul.

00:32:33.639 --> 00:32:35.039
 Dwelt on high.

00:32:35.039 --> 00:32:36.859
 And was so lost in God.

00:32:36.939 --> 00:32:37.819
 And seemed almost.

00:32:37.819 --> 00:32:39.039
 To leave the body.

00:32:39.759 --> 00:32:40.679
 She frequently lost.

00:32:40.899 --> 00:32:41.319
 All ability.

00:32:41.319 --> 00:32:42.000
 To stand.

00:32:42.079 --> 00:32:42.799
 Or speak.

00:32:43.279 --> 00:32:43.959
 And sometimes.

00:32:43.959 --> 00:32:44.480
 Leapt.

00:32:44.859 --> 00:32:45.500
 Involuntarily.

00:32:45.500 --> 00:32:46.500
 For joy.

00:32:47.019 --> 00:32:48.240
 This was no.

00:32:48.619 --> 00:32:49.279
 Distemper.

00:32:49.539 --> 00:32:50.399
 Catched from Mr.

00:32:50.480 --> 00:32:50.939
 Whitefield.

00:32:51.139 --> 00:32:51.939
 Or childish.

00:32:51.939 --> 00:32:52.659
 Giddiness.

00:32:52.660 --> 00:32:53.660
 For this.

00:32:53.660 --> 00:32:54.380
 This was a woman.

00:32:54.380 --> 00:32:55.220
 Whose grace.

00:32:55.220 --> 00:32:55.900
 Had been growing.

00:32:55.900 --> 00:32:56.820
 For decades.

00:32:56.820 --> 00:32:58.420
 And manifested itself.

00:32:58.420 --> 00:32:59.480
 In a spirit.

00:32:59.480 --> 00:33:00.200
 Of humility.

00:33:00.200 --> 00:33:00.980
 And meekness.

00:33:01.320 --> 00:33:03.000
 As well as the soundest.

00:33:03.000 --> 00:33:03.580
 Of doctrine.

00:33:04.440 --> 00:33:05.320
 Edwards concluded.

00:33:05.540 --> 00:33:06.500
 His description.

00:33:06.500 --> 00:33:07.680
 Of his wife's experience.

00:33:07.820 --> 00:33:09.279
 With this moving confession.

00:33:09.820 --> 00:33:10.279
 Now.

00:33:10.360 --> 00:33:11.500
 If such things.

00:33:11.500 --> 00:33:12.540
 Are enthusiasm.

00:33:12.540 --> 00:33:14.040
 They use enthusiasm.

00:33:14.320 --> 00:33:14.800
 Negatively.

00:33:15.220 --> 00:33:15.560
 You know.

00:33:16.400 --> 00:33:17.000
 Craziness.

00:33:17.000 --> 00:33:18.120
 When it comes to religion.

00:33:18.119 --> 00:33:19.000
 Now.

00:33:19.119 --> 00:33:19.939
 If such things.

00:33:19.939 --> 00:33:20.919
 Are enthusiasm.

00:33:21.399 --> 00:33:22.279
 And the fruits.

00:33:22.279 --> 00:33:23.599
 Of a distempered brain.

00:33:23.819 --> 00:33:25.019
 Let my brain.

00:33:25.019 --> 00:33:26.299
 Be ever more possessed.

00:33:26.419 --> 00:33:27.699
 By that happy distemper.

00:33:28.119 --> 00:33:28.819
 If this.

00:33:28.939 --> 00:33:29.819
 Be distraction.

00:33:30.179 --> 00:33:31.259
 I pray God.

00:33:31.379 --> 00:33:31.879
 That he would.

00:33:32.299 --> 00:33:33.199
 That the world.

00:33:33.199 --> 00:33:33.779
 Of mankind.

00:33:33.779 --> 00:33:35.239
 May be all seized.

00:33:35.319 --> 00:33:36.179
 With this benign.

00:33:36.339 --> 00:33:36.599
 Meek.

00:33:36.839 --> 00:33:37.479
 Beneficent.

00:33:37.939 --> 00:33:38.579
 Beatypical.

00:33:39.199 --> 00:33:39.799
 Glorious.

00:33:40.159 --> 00:33:40.799
 Distraction.

00:33:40.799 --> 00:33:48.279
 Edward's.

00:33:48.279 --> 00:33:48.539
 Uh.

00:33:48.779 --> 00:33:49.779
 Crowning thoughts.

00:33:49.940 --> 00:33:50.899
 On the topic.

00:33:51.899 --> 00:33:52.519
 Came in his.

00:33:52.519 --> 00:33:52.899
 Treatise.

00:33:52.960 --> 00:33:53.359
 Concerning.

00:33:53.440 --> 00:33:54.279
 Religious affections.

00:33:55.519 --> 00:33:56.359
 1746.

00:33:57.919 --> 00:33:59.440
 Notice the date.

00:33:59.859 --> 00:34:00.000
 Uh.

00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:00.639
 The standpoint.

00:34:00.639 --> 00:34:01.440
 In time.

00:34:01.599 --> 00:34:02.460
 Has changed.

00:34:03.059 --> 00:34:03.500
 Uh.

00:34:03.500 --> 00:34:04.559
 It is no longer.

00:34:04.879 --> 00:34:06.139
 The present revival.

00:34:06.599 --> 00:34:06.839
 But.

00:34:07.119 --> 00:34:07.299
 The.

00:34:07.799 --> 00:34:08.039
 Late.

00:34:08.219 --> 00:34:08.900
 Extraordinary.

00:34:09.179 --> 00:34:09.539
 Season.

00:34:09.759 --> 00:34:10.360
 Or the late.

00:34:10.360 --> 00:34:10.840
 Great.

00:34:10.960 --> 00:34:11.440
 Revival.

00:34:11.519 --> 00:34:12.160
 As he puts it.

00:34:12.620 --> 00:34:12.820
 Uh.

00:34:12.820 --> 00:34:14.120
 To deploy his own metaphor.

00:34:14.440 --> 00:34:16.260
 When he spoke in 1742.

00:34:16.620 --> 00:34:18.180
 It was springtime.

00:34:18.460 --> 00:34:19.300
 Of the awakening.

00:34:19.840 --> 00:34:20.980
 And he was viewing.

00:34:21.579 --> 00:34:22.140
 Multitudes.

00:34:22.260 --> 00:34:23.099
 Of the blossoms.

00:34:24.140 --> 00:34:25.140
 But now.

00:34:25.260 --> 00:34:26.440
 It was no longer.

00:34:26.440 --> 00:34:27.740
 The month of May.

00:34:28.740 --> 00:34:30.019
 It was October.

00:34:30.680 --> 00:34:31.880
 And the actual.

00:34:32.260 --> 00:34:32.780
 Fruit.

00:34:33.019 --> 00:34:34.420
 Resulting from the blossoms.

00:34:34.840 --> 00:34:36.300
 Which had all appeared.

00:34:36.559 --> 00:34:37.360
 Fair and beautiful.

00:34:37.760 --> 00:34:39.380
 Now told another story.

00:34:39.380 --> 00:34:41.119
 He writes.

00:34:42.119 --> 00:34:42.360
 Uh.

00:34:42.360 --> 00:34:43.140
 It is.

00:34:43.140 --> 00:34:43.619
 With.

00:34:43.980 --> 00:34:45.240
 Professors of religion.

00:34:45.240 --> 00:34:46.260
 Those who claim.

00:34:46.680 --> 00:34:47.300
 To be religious.

00:34:47.599 --> 00:34:47.800
 Uh.

00:34:48.320 --> 00:34:48.660
 Uh.

00:34:48.660 --> 00:34:49.340
 It is.

00:34:49.340 --> 00:34:49.640
 With.

00:34:49.860 --> 00:34:50.820
 Professors of religion.

00:34:51.360 --> 00:34:51.960
 Especially.

00:34:52.220 --> 00:34:52.519
 Such.

00:34:52.820 --> 00:34:53.559
 As become.

00:34:53.760 --> 00:34:53.960
 So.

00:34:54.059 --> 00:34:54.860
 In a time.

00:34:55.260 --> 00:34:56.079
 Of the outpouring.

00:34:56.160 --> 00:34:57.140
 Of the spirit of God.

00:34:57.599 --> 00:34:58.220
 As it is.

00:34:58.280 --> 00:34:59.000
 With blossoms.

00:34:59.000 --> 00:34:59.940
 In the spring.

00:35:01.059 --> 00:35:02.200
 There are vast.

00:35:02.300 --> 00:35:02.920
 Numbers of them.

00:35:02.980 --> 00:35:03.760
 On the trees.

00:35:03.760 --> 00:35:04.980
 Which all.

00:35:04.980 --> 00:35:05.400
 Look.

00:35:05.620 --> 00:35:06.500
 Fair and promising.

00:35:07.500 --> 00:35:08.120
 But yet.

00:35:08.120 --> 00:35:09.180
 Many of them.

00:35:09.820 --> 00:35:10.560
 Never come.

00:35:10.560 --> 00:35:11.260
 To anything.

00:35:12.460 --> 00:35:13.180
 It is.

00:35:13.300 --> 00:35:14.540
 The mature fruit.

00:35:14.740 --> 00:35:15.860
 Which comes afterwards.

00:35:16.420 --> 00:35:17.220
 And not.

00:35:17.320 --> 00:35:18.200
 The beautiful colors.

00:35:18.200 --> 00:35:18.740
 And smell.

00:35:18.800 --> 00:35:19.400
 Of the blossoms.

00:35:19.920 --> 00:35:21.380
 That we must judge by.

00:35:21.380 --> 00:35:23.119
 So.

00:35:23.240 --> 00:35:23.500
 How.

00:35:23.900 --> 00:35:24.180
 Uh.

00:35:24.180 --> 00:35:24.740
 Is one.

00:35:24.840 --> 00:35:25.260
 To judge.

00:35:25.400 --> 00:35:25.860
 Genuine.

00:35:26.039 --> 00:35:26.980
 Christian experience.

00:35:27.260 --> 00:35:28.740
 Or to put in Edwards terms.

00:35:29.119 --> 00:35:29.380
 Uh.

00:35:29.380 --> 00:35:30.519
 What is the nature.

00:35:30.519 --> 00:35:31.320
 Of true.

00:35:31.320 --> 00:35:31.920
 Religion.

00:35:32.720 --> 00:35:33.220
 Uh.

00:35:33.220 --> 00:35:33.720
 Well.

00:35:33.760 --> 00:35:34.860
 This is what the book's about.

00:35:34.860 --> 00:35:35.980
 And it is.

00:35:35.980 --> 00:35:36.280
 Uh.

00:35:36.280 --> 00:35:37.019
 A probing.

00:35:37.079 --> 00:35:38.039
 And profound work.

00:35:38.559 --> 00:35:38.700
 Uh.

00:35:38.700 --> 00:35:39.539
 Religious affections.

00:35:39.940 --> 00:35:40.160
 Uh.

00:35:40.340 --> 00:35:41.920
 Edwards never gave closer.

00:35:42.099 --> 00:35:43.380
 Or more careful thought.

00:35:43.500 --> 00:35:44.079
 To anything.

00:35:44.579 --> 00:35:45.280
 Than he did.

00:35:45.579 --> 00:35:46.079
 To this.

00:35:46.860 --> 00:35:47.800
 True religion.

00:35:48.019 --> 00:35:48.640
 He asserts.

00:35:48.960 --> 00:35:49.720
 Consists.

00:35:49.719 --> 00:35:51.879
 In holy affections.

00:35:52.899 --> 00:35:53.199
 Indeed.

00:35:53.279 --> 00:35:54.139
 The spirit of God.

00:35:54.199 --> 00:35:55.819
 And those who have sound religion.

00:35:56.239 --> 00:35:57.179
 Is simply.

00:35:57.519 --> 00:35:58.299
 A temper.

00:35:59.079 --> 00:36:00.319
 Of powerful.

00:36:00.599 --> 00:36:01.079
 Holy.

00:36:01.859 --> 00:36:02.339
 Affections.

00:36:03.199 --> 00:36:04.359
 Holy affections.

00:36:05.219 --> 00:36:05.779
 Consist.

00:36:06.179 --> 00:36:07.079
 In a delight.

00:36:07.799 --> 00:36:09.259
 In the holiness of God.

00:36:09.599 --> 00:36:10.579
 That is a taste.

00:36:10.939 --> 00:36:11.759
 For his excellence.

00:36:12.759 --> 00:36:13.739
 So our heart.

00:36:13.739 --> 00:36:14.299
 And again.

00:36:14.359 --> 00:36:15.359
 He has a unitary notion.

00:36:15.519 --> 00:36:15.939
 Our mind.

00:36:16.019 --> 00:36:16.699
 Our will and emotions.

00:36:17.359 --> 00:36:18.359
 Savors God.

00:36:18.480 --> 00:36:19.179
 In his holiness.

00:36:19.719 --> 00:36:20.639
 Um.

00:36:20.879 --> 00:36:21.839
 So you think about it.

00:36:22.039 --> 00:36:22.519
 First of all.

00:36:22.539 --> 00:36:22.819
 There is something.

00:36:22.939 --> 00:36:23.919
 That we need to apprehend.

00:36:24.019 --> 00:36:24.980
 God reveals himself.

00:36:25.239 --> 00:36:26.379
 And we apprehend it.

00:36:26.539 --> 00:36:27.739
 But then we feel.

00:36:27.839 --> 00:36:28.779
 Our whole self.

00:36:29.599 --> 00:36:30.039
 Inclined.

00:36:30.119 --> 00:36:31.039
 An inclination.

00:36:31.259 --> 00:36:32.199
 Toward that apprehension.

00:36:32.359 --> 00:36:32.939
 That is what he means.

00:36:33.000 --> 00:36:33.639
 By affections.

00:36:34.000 --> 00:36:34.959
 It is an inclination.

00:36:34.959 --> 00:36:35.679
 Of our heart.

00:36:36.679 --> 00:36:38.059
 Let it be considered.

00:36:38.059 --> 00:36:39.079
 That they.

00:36:39.239 --> 00:36:40.179
 Who have but little.

00:36:40.179 --> 00:36:41.099
 Religious affection.

00:36:41.839 --> 00:36:42.939
 Have certainly.

00:36:43.199 --> 00:36:43.859
 But little.

00:36:44.379 --> 00:36:44.699
 Religion.

00:36:44.699 --> 00:36:45.619
 Religion.

00:36:45.619 --> 00:36:46.699
 And they who have none.

00:36:47.419 --> 00:36:48.939
 Have no religion.

00:36:48.939 --> 00:36:49.980
 At all.

00:36:53.980 --> 00:36:56.139
 There was brewing.

00:36:56.139 --> 00:36:56.579
 However.

00:36:57.219 --> 00:36:58.699
 A melancholy.

00:37:00.059 --> 00:37:00.819
 Counterpart.

00:37:00.819 --> 00:37:02.480
 To the glorious movements.

00:37:02.480 --> 00:37:03.179
 Of the spirit.

00:37:03.419 --> 00:37:04.419
 Which Edwards took to be.

00:37:04.559 --> 00:37:05.219
 Possibly.

00:37:05.739 --> 00:37:06.960
 The first morning star.

00:37:07.099 --> 00:37:07.619
 Of the millennium.

00:37:07.679 --> 00:37:08.679
 And quite Christ's return.

00:37:08.679 --> 00:37:10.539
 That counterpart.

00:37:10.940 --> 00:37:11.819
 Was a sad.

00:37:12.559 --> 00:37:13.119
 Oops.

00:37:13.460 --> 00:37:13.919
 Yes.

00:37:14.119 --> 00:37:14.460
 There we go.

00:37:16.359 --> 00:37:17.339
 That counterpart.

00:37:17.619 --> 00:37:18.119
 Was a.

00:37:18.259 --> 00:37:18.659
 Counterpoint.

00:37:18.739 --> 00:37:19.379
 Was a sad.

00:37:19.819 --> 00:37:20.339
 Deterioration.

00:37:20.500 --> 00:37:21.279
 In the relation.

00:37:21.279 --> 00:37:22.119
 Of Jonathan Edwards.

00:37:22.119 --> 00:37:22.719
 To his.

00:37:22.960 --> 00:37:23.440
 Northampton.

00:37:23.440 --> 00:37:23.980
 Flock.

00:37:24.599 --> 00:37:25.460
 There were.

00:37:25.779 --> 00:37:26.139
 Several.

00:37:26.679 --> 00:37:27.119
 Strains.

00:37:27.299 --> 00:37:28.079
 On that relationship.

00:37:28.079 --> 00:37:28.839
 Between town.

00:37:28.980 --> 00:37:29.440
 And parsonage.

00:37:29.759 --> 00:37:30.440
 The first.

00:37:30.579 --> 00:37:31.219
 Was the matter.

00:37:31.359 --> 00:37:32.359
 Of finances.

00:37:34.799 --> 00:37:35.319
 Many.

00:37:35.460 --> 00:37:36.039
 In Northampton.

00:37:36.239 --> 00:37:36.659
 Chafed.

00:37:36.699 --> 00:37:37.339
 Over the fact.

00:37:37.460 --> 00:37:38.099
 That their pastor.

00:37:38.099 --> 00:37:38.779
 Certainly.

00:37:38.779 --> 00:37:39.719
 Was not a cheap.

00:37:39.719 --> 00:37:40.239
 Minister.

00:37:41.460 --> 00:37:42.000
 Edwards.

00:37:42.319 --> 00:37:42.980
 Drew the largest.

00:37:43.139 --> 00:37:43.539
 Salary.

00:37:44.019 --> 00:37:44.420
 Outside.

00:37:45.519 --> 00:37:45.980
 The New England.

00:37:46.239 --> 00:37:46.839
 Seaboard.

00:37:48.199 --> 00:37:48.759
 And.

00:37:49.099 --> 00:37:49.639
 On the one hand.

00:37:49.719 --> 00:37:50.400
 Jonathan and Sarah.

00:37:50.480 --> 00:37:50.920
 Were both.

00:37:51.420 --> 00:37:51.940
 Extremely.

00:37:52.319 --> 00:37:52.880
 Frugal.

00:37:53.299 --> 00:37:53.759
 And saved.

00:37:53.960 --> 00:37:54.519
 Everything.

00:37:55.179 --> 00:37:55.480
 But.

00:37:55.639 --> 00:37:56.360
 It was true.

00:37:56.599 --> 00:37:56.860
 That.

00:37:57.719 --> 00:37:58.239
 Sarah.

00:37:58.480 --> 00:37:59.239
 Had been raised.

00:37:59.319 --> 00:38:00.000
 In one of the finest.

00:38:00.119 --> 00:38:00.400
 Homes.

00:38:00.799 --> 00:38:01.559
 In New Haven.

00:38:01.900 --> 00:38:02.799
 And had acquired.

00:38:02.960 --> 00:38:03.559
 Her tastes.

00:38:04.119 --> 00:38:04.719
 Accordingly.

00:38:05.239 --> 00:38:06.199
 As one writer.

00:38:06.279 --> 00:38:06.659
 Puts it.

00:38:06.779 --> 00:38:07.699
 She was accustomed.

00:38:07.699 --> 00:38:09.159
 To going first class.

00:38:09.259 --> 00:38:09.980
 Wherever she.

00:38:10.319 --> 00:38:10.599
 Went.

00:38:11.179 --> 00:38:11.819
 And Jonathan.

00:38:11.960 --> 00:38:12.299
 With his.

00:38:12.559 --> 00:38:13.000
 Inveterate.

00:38:13.099 --> 00:38:13.879
 Book purchases.

00:38:14.259 --> 00:38:14.419
 No.

00:38:14.480 --> 00:38:15.319
 I'm not looking at you.

00:38:15.359 --> 00:38:15.619
 Mike.

00:38:15.719 --> 00:38:15.939
 I'm.

00:38:16.239 --> 00:38:17.480
 I'm looking past you.

00:38:17.500 --> 00:38:17.980
 I promise.

00:38:19.659 --> 00:38:21.039
 That was pretty costly.

00:38:21.199 --> 00:38:21.439
 Too.

00:38:23.119 --> 00:38:24.500
 Was it really needed?

00:38:25.099 --> 00:38:26.079
 All these books.

00:38:26.299 --> 00:38:27.179
 Wondered more than one.

00:38:27.179 --> 00:38:27.739
 Northamptoner.

00:38:28.000 --> 00:38:28.939
 And the fact.

00:38:29.019 --> 00:38:30.079
 That every two years.

00:38:30.079 --> 00:38:31.079
 There was another mouth.

00:38:31.179 --> 00:38:31.599
 To feed.

00:38:31.899 --> 00:38:32.939
 Garnered little sympathy.

00:38:33.579 --> 00:38:34.799
 Most of their neighbors.

00:38:34.799 --> 00:38:35.879
 Were in the same boat.

00:38:35.880 --> 00:38:37.200
 That was not uncommon.

00:38:37.200 --> 00:38:37.619
 Then.

00:38:38.619 --> 00:38:40.019
 And so there grew.

00:38:40.500 --> 00:38:42.200
 A great uneasiness.

00:38:42.200 --> 00:38:43.160
 In the town.

00:38:43.860 --> 00:38:44.559
 Until Sarah.

00:38:44.559 --> 00:38:45.180
 Was asked.

00:38:45.180 --> 00:38:45.700
 To make.

00:38:46.059 --> 00:38:46.680
 A public.

00:38:46.920 --> 00:38:47.519
 And detailed.

00:38:47.760 --> 00:38:48.440
 Itemization.

00:38:48.440 --> 00:38:50.619
 Of every single expense.

00:38:50.840 --> 00:38:51.760
 Of the household.

00:38:51.920 --> 00:38:52.740
 For popular.

00:38:53.160 --> 00:38:53.640
 Review.

00:38:55.280 --> 00:38:55.800
 What?

00:38:56.160 --> 00:38:57.240
 Two wigs.

00:38:57.440 --> 00:38:58.039
 For Jonathan.

00:38:58.500 --> 00:38:59.059
 Of course.

00:38:59.119 --> 00:38:59.619
 As Raul said.

00:38:59.660 --> 00:39:00.380
 They were just his daughters.

00:39:00.380 --> 00:39:00.700
 Anyway.

00:39:00.699 --> 00:39:01.099
 Okay.

00:39:01.239 --> 00:39:01.319
 So.

00:39:02.039 --> 00:39:03.399
 Eleven pounds.

00:39:03.719 --> 00:39:05.199
 For a gold chain.

00:39:05.299 --> 00:39:05.919
 And locket.

00:39:06.019 --> 00:39:07.119
 That Jonathan bought.

00:39:07.239 --> 00:39:07.919
 For Sarah.

00:39:09.019 --> 00:39:09.899
 Pewter plates.

00:39:10.539 --> 00:39:11.559
 Silver buckles.

00:39:11.679 --> 00:39:12.399
 Really silver.

00:39:12.519 --> 00:39:13.259
 On your shoes.

00:39:14.019 --> 00:39:16.319
 It was a sore point.

00:39:16.839 --> 00:39:17.579
 A sore point.

00:39:18.019 --> 00:39:19.119
 And the mortal wound.

00:39:19.319 --> 00:39:20.019
 In relations.

00:39:20.179 --> 00:39:20.719
 Came however.

00:39:21.079 --> 00:39:22.259
 With the communion.

00:39:22.480 --> 00:39:23.239
 Controversy.

00:39:23.719 --> 00:39:24.000
 Oh this.

00:39:24.079 --> 00:39:24.399
 By the way.

00:39:24.460 --> 00:39:24.759
 That's.

00:39:24.759 --> 00:39:25.419
 That's the church.

00:39:25.419 --> 00:39:26.199
 And that's the little town.

00:39:26.279 --> 00:39:26.839
 Of Northampton.

00:39:27.139 --> 00:39:27.359
 There.

00:39:27.679 --> 00:39:28.199
 That's the town.

00:39:28.199 --> 00:39:30.460
 In 1749.

00:39:30.879 --> 00:39:31.239
 Edwards.

00:39:31.439 --> 00:39:32.639
 Informed his congregation.

00:39:33.079 --> 00:39:33.839
 He would admit.

00:39:34.079 --> 00:39:35.599
 Into full communion.

00:39:36.079 --> 00:39:36.279
 Okay.

00:39:36.419 --> 00:39:38.119
 Allowed to take the Lord's Supper.

00:39:38.539 --> 00:39:39.799
 Only those.

00:39:39.919 --> 00:39:40.599
 He judged.

00:39:41.699 --> 00:39:42.019
 Quote.

00:39:42.219 --> 00:39:43.059
 In profession.

00:39:43.460 --> 00:39:44.039
 And.

00:39:44.559 --> 00:39:46.399
 In the eye of the church's.

00:39:46.480 --> 00:39:47.579
 Christian judgment.

00:39:48.719 --> 00:39:49.259
 Godly.

00:39:49.399 --> 00:39:50.000
 Or gracious.

00:39:50.279 --> 00:39:50.759
 Persons.

00:39:51.659 --> 00:39:52.039
 Okay.

00:39:52.439 --> 00:39:52.939
 So.

00:39:53.059 --> 00:39:54.139
 Not just in profession.

00:39:54.399 --> 00:39:54.500
 But.

00:39:54.759 --> 00:39:55.539
 We have to say.

00:39:55.639 --> 00:39:55.980
 Oh yeah.

00:39:55.980 --> 00:39:56.879
 Looks like there's.

00:39:57.199 --> 00:39:57.639
 Evidence.

00:39:57.639 --> 00:39:58.839
 Of your regeneration.

00:39:59.639 --> 00:39:59.859
 Okay.

00:40:00.500 --> 00:40:01.460
 This announcement.

00:40:01.980 --> 00:40:02.659
 Touched off.

00:40:02.779 --> 00:40:03.460
 An emotional.

00:40:03.759 --> 00:40:04.539
 And political.

00:40:04.799 --> 00:40:05.400
 Earthquake.

00:40:05.679 --> 00:40:06.359
 Contemporaries.

00:40:06.440 --> 00:40:07.519
 Described church members.

00:40:07.519 --> 00:40:08.079
 As quote.

00:40:08.599 --> 00:40:09.119
 Transported.

00:40:09.279 --> 00:40:10.460
 Into an uncommon.

00:40:10.619 --> 00:40:11.559
 Degree of rage.

00:40:11.599 --> 00:40:12.179
 And madness.

00:40:12.179 --> 00:40:12.900
 In the church.

00:40:13.099 --> 00:40:13.279
 Okay.

00:40:13.299 --> 00:40:14.179
 Just picture that.

00:40:15.460 --> 00:40:15.940
 They.

00:40:16.980 --> 00:40:18.420
 Why would the townsfolk.

00:40:18.859 --> 00:40:19.379
 Explode.

00:40:19.659 --> 00:40:20.799
 At Edwards proposal.

00:40:21.339 --> 00:40:22.339
 To restrict access.

00:40:22.339 --> 00:40:23.400
 To the Lord's Supper.

00:40:23.920 --> 00:40:24.279
 Okay.

00:40:24.480 --> 00:40:25.879
 To truly gracious persons.

00:40:25.980 --> 00:40:26.519
 The regenerate.

00:40:26.599 --> 00:40:26.859
 We think.

00:40:26.860 --> 00:40:27.380
 Well.

00:40:27.440 --> 00:40:28.820
 What's crazy about that?

00:40:28.920 --> 00:40:29.559
 That's what we do.

00:40:29.880 --> 00:40:30.059
 Okay.

00:40:31.200 --> 00:40:31.599
 Well.

00:40:31.599 --> 00:40:32.460
 To appreciate this.

00:40:32.640 --> 00:40:33.500
 We need to recall.

00:40:33.500 --> 00:40:33.800
 How.

00:40:33.800 --> 00:40:35.300
 The proposal.

00:40:35.960 --> 00:40:36.740
 Would have radically.

00:40:36.980 --> 00:40:37.599
 Altered.

00:40:37.860 --> 00:40:39.039
 The traditional policy.

00:40:39.039 --> 00:40:39.860
 Of the Lord's Supper.

00:40:40.019 --> 00:40:40.940
 In Northampton.

00:40:41.200 --> 00:40:42.039
 His town.

00:40:42.800 --> 00:40:44.539
 Edward's own grandfather.

00:40:44.960 --> 00:40:45.800
 And precursor.

00:40:46.059 --> 00:40:47.300
 In the Northampton pulpit.

00:40:47.579 --> 00:40:48.320
 Had established.

00:40:48.500 --> 00:40:49.500
 And influentially.

00:40:49.500 --> 00:40:50.980
 Promoted the policy.

00:40:51.280 --> 00:40:52.099
 Of letting.

00:40:52.599 --> 00:40:54.300
 The unregenerate.

00:40:54.300 --> 00:40:56.260
 Take the Lord's Supper.

00:40:57.140 --> 00:40:57.539
 And yes.

00:40:57.580 --> 00:40:58.380
 I see a quiver.

00:40:58.600 --> 00:40:59.260
 Among you.

00:40:59.460 --> 00:40:59.620
 Okay.

00:40:59.760 --> 00:40:59.960
 But.

00:41:00.660 --> 00:41:01.720
 Even if they.

00:41:01.920 --> 00:41:03.420
 Could give no account.

00:41:03.420 --> 00:41:05.039
 Of God's saving dealings.

00:41:05.039 --> 00:41:05.640
 With them.

00:41:05.900 --> 00:41:06.840
 As long as they.

00:41:06.840 --> 00:41:08.260
 Ascented to the creed.

00:41:08.539 --> 00:41:09.240
 And were not.

00:41:09.360 --> 00:41:10.280
 Outwardly wicked.

00:41:11.080 --> 00:41:11.900
 He thought.

00:41:12.000 --> 00:41:12.940
 That they ought not.

00:41:12.940 --> 00:41:13.440
 To be.

00:41:14.120 --> 00:41:14.519
 Debarred.

00:41:15.039 --> 00:41:15.460
 From the.

00:41:15.820 --> 00:41:16.200
 Sacrament.

00:41:16.199 --> 00:41:19.619
 And I could talk more.

00:41:19.619 --> 00:41:20.500
 About why.

00:41:20.779 --> 00:41:21.419
 He thought.

00:41:21.519 --> 00:41:22.059
 That that was okay.

00:41:22.219 --> 00:41:22.619
 Basically.

00:41:22.739 --> 00:41:23.079
 He thought.

00:41:23.399 --> 00:41:23.759
 Look.

00:41:24.179 --> 00:41:24.359
 Yeah.

00:41:24.480 --> 00:41:25.480
 If they really are hoping.

00:41:25.480 --> 00:41:27.159
 That God might regenerate them.

00:41:27.559 --> 00:41:28.460
 What better context.

00:41:28.460 --> 00:41:29.119
 For it to happen.

00:41:29.219 --> 00:41:30.039
 Than seeing God's love.

00:41:30.139 --> 00:41:30.619
 As expected.

00:41:30.859 --> 00:41:31.460
 As expressed.

00:41:31.599 --> 00:41:32.259
 In the Lord's Supper.

00:41:32.739 --> 00:41:33.299
 So maybe.

00:41:33.480 --> 00:41:34.139
 We should regard.

00:41:34.259 --> 00:41:34.779
 The Lord's Supper.

00:41:34.939 --> 00:41:35.059
 As a.

00:41:35.379 --> 00:41:37.539
 As a converting ordinance.

00:41:37.859 --> 00:41:37.980
 Okay.

00:41:38.000 --> 00:41:38.799
 Not just a.

00:41:38.799 --> 00:41:39.000
 A.

00:41:39.099 --> 00:41:39.599
 A.

00:41:39.599 --> 00:41:40.000
 A.

00:41:40.139 --> 00:41:40.699
 A.

00:41:40.699 --> 00:41:40.739
 A.

00:41:40.739 --> 00:41:40.859
 A.

00:41:40.859 --> 00:41:40.879
 A.

00:41:40.879 --> 00:41:40.899
 A.

00:41:40.899 --> 00:41:40.919
 A.

00:41:40.919 --> 00:41:40.939
 A.

00:41:40.939 --> 00:41:40.960
 A.

00:41:40.960 --> 00:41:40.980
 A.

00:41:40.980 --> 00:41:41.019
 A.

00:41:41.019 --> 00:41:41.460
 A.

00:41:41.460 --> 00:41:41.539
 A.

00:41:41.539 --> 00:41:41.879
 A.

00:41:42.039 --> 00:41:42.079
 A.

00:41:42.079 --> 00:41:42.379
 A.

00:41:42.379 --> 00:41:42.779
 So that's.

00:41:42.859 --> 00:41:42.939
 A.

00:41:46.199 --> 00:41:48.019
 But Edwards could not convince.

00:41:48.539 --> 00:41:48.960
 Himself.

00:41:49.439 --> 00:41:50.480
 That this understanding.

00:41:50.639 --> 00:41:51.599
 That Solomon Stoddard had.

00:41:51.879 --> 00:41:52.559
 Was scriptural.

00:41:53.339 --> 00:41:55.019
 He really tried to work with it.

00:41:56.539 --> 00:41:58.099
 Edwards was much afraid.

00:41:58.419 --> 00:42:00.559
 That this issue would likely bring his downfall.

00:42:01.239 --> 00:42:03.079
 But it was a matter of conscience for him.

00:42:03.199 --> 00:42:05.019
 And he felt he dare not receive.

00:42:05.379 --> 00:42:07.000
 Any other to the Lord's table.

00:42:07.359 --> 00:42:07.859
 Other than.

00:42:08.199 --> 00:42:09.480
 On a biblical basis.

00:42:10.199 --> 00:42:11.639
 And his fears in the matter.

00:42:11.980 --> 00:42:13.339
 Proved sober.

00:42:13.960 --> 00:42:16.179
 As soon as his sentiments were known.

00:42:16.199 --> 00:42:18.939
 There went up a general outcry.

00:42:18.939 --> 00:42:20.119
 For his dismissal.

00:42:21.239 --> 00:42:22.039
 And dismissed.

00:42:22.500 --> 00:42:23.439
 He was.

00:42:24.059 --> 00:42:25.239
 June 22nd.

00:42:25.239 --> 00:42:26.099
 1750.

00:42:26.480 --> 00:42:28.539
 After 23 years of ministering.

00:42:28.879 --> 00:42:29.379
 Among them.

00:42:29.819 --> 00:42:31.480
 He preached his farewell sermon.

00:42:31.960 --> 00:42:32.199
 On.

00:42:32.480 --> 00:42:33.159
 In July.

00:42:33.519 --> 00:42:34.519
 From 2nd Corinthians.

00:42:34.819 --> 00:42:35.259
 1.

00:42:35.559 --> 00:42:36.000
 14.

00:42:36.379 --> 00:42:37.199
 And the doctrine.

00:42:37.679 --> 00:42:38.439
 That he observed.

00:42:38.879 --> 00:42:39.719
 From the text.

00:42:40.859 --> 00:42:41.919
 Was this.

00:42:42.759 --> 00:42:43.319
 Ministers.

00:42:44.179 --> 00:42:45.019
 And the people.

00:42:45.019 --> 00:42:45.980
 That have been under.

00:42:45.980 --> 00:42:46.740
 Their care.

00:42:46.740 --> 00:42:47.920
 Must meet.

00:42:47.920 --> 00:42:49.240
 One another.

00:42:49.240 --> 00:42:50.840
 Before God's tribunal.

00:42:50.840 --> 00:42:52.579
 At the day of judgment.

00:42:53.240 --> 00:42:54.360
 And he expressed.

00:42:54.360 --> 00:42:55.079
 His longing.

00:42:55.300 --> 00:42:56.519
 That they and he.

00:42:56.960 --> 00:42:57.219
 Now.

00:42:57.380 --> 00:42:57.599
 Quote.

00:42:57.679 --> 00:42:59.199
 Now parting from one another.

00:42:59.199 --> 00:43:00.380
 As to this world.

00:43:00.940 --> 00:43:02.539
 May not be parted.

00:43:02.539 --> 00:43:03.440
 After our meeting.

00:43:03.440 --> 00:43:05.139
 On the last day.

00:43:05.139 --> 00:43:06.139
 May not be parted.

00:43:06.139 --> 00:43:07.519
 And so.

00:43:07.519 --> 00:43:07.559
 So.

00:43:07.719 --> 00:43:08.159
 Concluded.

00:43:08.400 --> 00:43:09.799
 As Hopkins puts it.

00:43:10.400 --> 00:43:10.440
 This.

00:43:11.099 --> 00:43:11.619
 Sorrowful.

00:43:12.400 --> 00:43:12.920
 Strange.

00:43:13.239 --> 00:43:13.679
 Surprising.

00:43:13.679 --> 00:43:14.119
 Affair.

00:43:14.460 --> 00:43:15.539
 The most so doubtless.

00:43:15.900 --> 00:43:17.119
 Of any of the kind.

00:43:17.400 --> 00:43:18.059
 That ever happened.

00:43:18.119 --> 00:43:18.659
 In New England.

00:43:19.079 --> 00:43:19.559
 And perhaps.

00:43:19.719 --> 00:43:20.359
 In any part.

00:43:20.440 --> 00:43:21.319
 Of the Christian world.

00:43:21.320 --> 00:43:22.200
 Obviously.

00:43:22.820 --> 00:43:23.860
 He was pretty shocked.

00:43:24.860 --> 00:43:26.039
 They were difficult times.

00:43:26.120 --> 00:43:26.559
 In the Edwards.

00:43:26.980 --> 00:43:27.500
 Parsonage.

00:43:28.080 --> 00:43:28.460
 Sarah.

00:43:28.800 --> 00:43:29.620
 Dreamed of being.

00:43:30.519 --> 00:43:32.059
 Driven from my home.

00:43:32.300 --> 00:43:33.660
 Into the cold and snow.

00:43:34.019 --> 00:43:35.539
 And of being chased from the town.

00:43:35.640 --> 00:43:36.880
 With the utmost contempt.

00:43:37.260 --> 00:43:37.820
 And malice.

00:43:38.080 --> 00:43:39.059
 She imagined being.

00:43:39.300 --> 00:43:39.340
 Quote.

00:43:39.420 --> 00:43:40.519
 Surrounded by enemies.

00:43:40.760 --> 00:43:42.240
 Who were venting their malice.

00:43:42.240 --> 00:43:43.320
 And cruelty upon me.

00:43:43.580 --> 00:43:44.180
 Tormenting me.

00:43:44.240 --> 00:43:45.039
 And torturing me.

00:43:45.700 --> 00:43:46.860
 In her waking hour.

00:43:46.980 --> 00:43:47.480
 She confessed.

00:43:47.580 --> 00:43:48.039
 Worrying that.

00:43:48.039 --> 00:43:49.300
 If our house.

00:43:49.380 --> 00:43:50.400
 And all of our property.

00:43:50.400 --> 00:43:50.800
 In it.

00:43:50.860 --> 00:43:51.719
 Should be burnt up.

00:43:52.159 --> 00:43:53.000
 And we should.

00:43:53.820 --> 00:43:54.639
 That night.

00:43:54.860 --> 00:43:55.920
 Be turned out naked.

00:43:56.259 --> 00:43:57.059
 Whether I could.

00:43:57.199 --> 00:43:58.219
 Cheerfully resign.

00:43:58.340 --> 00:43:59.360
 All to God.

00:44:00.159 --> 00:44:01.179
 What would they do?

00:44:01.699 --> 00:44:02.739
 Where would they go?

00:44:04.920 --> 00:44:06.340
 Now out of a job.

00:44:06.599 --> 00:44:07.519
 Edwards lamented.

00:44:07.519 --> 00:44:08.519
 I am now.

00:44:08.699 --> 00:44:09.820
 Thrown upon the wide.

00:44:09.900 --> 00:44:10.900
 Ocean of the world.

00:44:11.840 --> 00:44:12.480
 And know not.

00:44:12.659 --> 00:44:13.719
 What will become of me.

00:44:13.820 --> 00:44:14.579
 And my numerous.

00:44:14.800 --> 00:44:15.779
 Chargeable family.

00:44:17.079 --> 00:44:17.739
 He admitted.

00:44:18.039 --> 00:44:18.900
 That the options.

00:44:19.199 --> 00:44:19.920
 Were pretty few.

00:44:20.059 --> 00:44:20.500
 For quote.

00:44:20.860 --> 00:44:22.139
 I am fitted.

00:44:22.559 --> 00:44:23.840
 For no other business.

00:44:23.840 --> 00:44:24.360
 In life.

00:44:24.440 --> 00:44:25.119
 But study.

00:44:25.679 --> 00:44:27.380
 I can't do anything else.

00:44:27.559 --> 00:44:28.159
 I'm useless.

00:44:28.500 --> 00:44:29.739
 To do anything else.

00:44:30.279 --> 00:44:31.019
 I see some of you.

00:44:31.079 --> 00:44:31.579
 Here quivering.

00:44:31.800 --> 00:44:31.940
 Do.

00:44:32.860 --> 00:44:33.579
 Many of us.

00:44:33.599 --> 00:44:34.059
 Are the same.

00:44:34.699 --> 00:44:35.960
 Sarah and her daughters.

00:44:36.360 --> 00:44:36.980
 Went to work.

00:44:37.099 --> 00:44:38.000
 Making lace.

00:44:38.500 --> 00:44:39.500
 And embroidering.

00:44:39.579 --> 00:44:40.800
 And painting fans.

00:44:40.980 --> 00:44:42.139
 To sell in the Boston market.

00:44:42.239 --> 00:44:43.019
 To make ends meet.

00:44:43.960 --> 00:44:45.179
 But the Edwards knew.

00:44:45.279 --> 00:44:46.300
 That God was at the helm.

00:44:46.300 --> 00:44:47.960
 And he wrote.

00:44:48.080 --> 00:44:48.600
 At this time.

00:44:48.660 --> 00:44:49.080
 To a friend.

00:44:49.080 --> 00:44:50.519
 And we need not fear.

00:44:50.519 --> 00:44:51.380
 To trust him.

00:44:51.440 --> 00:44:52.280
 In the way of obedience.

00:44:52.280 --> 00:44:52.860
 To him.

00:44:53.260 --> 00:44:54.440
 Though according to.

00:44:54.640 --> 00:44:55.720
 Unhuman appearance.

00:44:56.200 --> 00:44:57.140
 We seem to run.

00:44:57.220 --> 00:44:58.280
 The greatest ventures.

00:44:58.440 --> 00:44:59.580
 By cleaving to him.

00:45:01.460 --> 00:45:03.060
 In distant Scotland.

00:45:03.420 --> 00:45:04.519
 Some old saints.

00:45:04.519 --> 00:45:05.800
 Heard of the situation.

00:45:06.200 --> 00:45:07.539
 And took up a collection.

00:45:08.120 --> 00:45:08.980
 And this is among.

00:45:09.220 --> 00:45:11.160
 The Stin Flint Scots.

00:45:11.400 --> 00:45:11.620
 Okay.

00:45:11.619 --> 00:45:14.119
 Which finally amounted.

00:45:14.179 --> 00:45:15.619
 To 70 pounds.

00:45:16.139 --> 00:45:16.500
 Okay.

00:45:16.779 --> 00:45:18.319
 Our sovereign God.

00:45:18.639 --> 00:45:20.179
 Can even open the purses.

00:45:20.339 --> 00:45:22.059
 Of the parsimonious Scots.

00:45:22.259 --> 00:45:23.480
 To feed their prophets.

00:45:23.900 --> 00:45:24.759
 To feed his prophet.

00:45:24.880 --> 00:45:25.759
 That's a wonderful.

00:45:25.980 --> 00:45:26.859
 Reassurance there.

00:45:28.319 --> 00:45:28.880
 Little.

00:45:29.239 --> 00:45:30.380
 Did Edwards anticipate.

00:45:30.699 --> 00:45:32.159
 Where the great venture.

00:45:32.519 --> 00:45:33.460
 Would take them next.

00:45:33.460 --> 00:45:34.519
 To an outpost.

00:45:34.759 --> 00:45:35.819
 On the frontier.

00:45:37.339 --> 00:45:38.019
 Oh I'm sorry.

00:45:38.219 --> 00:45:39.299
 I'm just getting excited.

00:45:39.300 --> 00:45:40.840
 That's their home.

00:45:41.240 --> 00:45:42.060
 In Northampton.

00:45:42.360 --> 00:45:43.539
 This is Jonathan and Sarah's home.

00:45:43.880 --> 00:45:44.560
 In Northampton.

00:45:44.700 --> 00:45:45.560
 So there's that.

00:45:46.039 --> 00:45:46.920
 And then here's their little.

00:45:47.280 --> 00:45:48.340
 Here's the frontier home.

00:45:48.740 --> 00:45:49.280
 That they had.

00:45:50.400 --> 00:45:51.240
 An outpost.

00:45:51.400 --> 00:45:51.860
 Frontier.

00:45:51.980 --> 00:45:52.640
 As missionaries.

00:45:52.780 --> 00:45:53.900
 To the Native Americans.

00:45:54.420 --> 00:45:56.340
 There was a small church plant there.

00:45:56.600 --> 00:45:57.620
 Comprising of a few.

00:45:58.160 --> 00:45:59.240
 Settler families.

00:45:59.320 --> 00:46:00.720
 And 42 Indians.

00:46:01.160 --> 00:46:02.519
 A congregation summoned.

00:46:02.940 --> 00:46:03.800
 Each Sunday.

00:46:04.160 --> 00:46:05.960
 By a great blast.

00:46:06.300 --> 00:46:07.519
 From a conch shell.

00:46:07.860 --> 00:46:08.500
 Oh wonderful.

00:46:08.500 --> 00:46:10.280
 And they needed a pastor.

00:46:10.940 --> 00:46:14.559
 I wonder if they wondered.

00:46:14.559 --> 00:46:15.579
 About the Lord's leading.

00:46:16.360 --> 00:46:17.719
 A scholar like Edwards.

00:46:18.039 --> 00:46:19.019
 Buried on the frontier.

00:46:19.320 --> 00:46:20.260
 A lady accustomed.

00:46:20.260 --> 00:46:21.679
 To the finer things.

00:46:21.739 --> 00:46:22.780
 On the frontier.

00:46:23.320 --> 00:46:24.559
 In a log cabin.

00:46:24.659 --> 00:46:25.760
 Surrounded by wigwams.

00:46:26.920 --> 00:46:27.380
 But.

00:46:27.559 --> 00:46:28.699
 Among the first letters.

00:46:29.159 --> 00:46:29.679
 We read.

00:46:29.960 --> 00:46:30.920
 My wife and children.

00:46:31.039 --> 00:46:31.960
 Are well pleased.

00:46:32.019 --> 00:46:33.179
 With our present situation.

00:46:33.360 --> 00:46:33.960
 I mean the kids.

00:46:34.059 --> 00:46:34.360
 Just think.

00:46:34.559 --> 00:46:35.360
 Nothing cooler.

00:46:35.500 --> 00:46:36.400
 Than playing around.

00:46:36.400 --> 00:46:38.039
 In that context.

00:46:38.500 --> 00:46:40.579
 They like the place.

00:46:40.679 --> 00:46:41.820
 Much better than they expected.

00:46:42.239 --> 00:46:43.000
 Here at present.

00:46:43.320 --> 00:46:44.679
 We live in peace.

00:46:45.139 --> 00:46:46.480
 Which has a long time.

00:46:46.559 --> 00:46:48.019
 Been the unusual thing for us.

00:46:48.280 --> 00:46:49.380
 The Indians seem.

00:46:49.500 --> 00:46:51.079
 Much pleased with my family.

00:46:51.420 --> 00:46:52.920
 And especially my wife.

00:46:53.019 --> 00:46:54.079
 Ever popular Sarah.

00:46:54.079 --> 00:46:56.819
 One might have thought.

00:46:56.819 --> 00:46:57.840
 That being on the frontier.

00:46:58.099 --> 00:46:59.420
 Would greatly reduce.

00:46:59.420 --> 00:47:00.259
 The house guests.

00:47:00.739 --> 00:47:02.259
 But that very frontier.

00:47:02.259 --> 00:47:04.179
 Was the site of the French Indian Wars.

00:47:04.559 --> 00:47:05.480
 And it seemed.

00:47:05.679 --> 00:47:06.480
 Quite a few soldiers.

00:47:06.480 --> 00:47:07.340
 Would show up.

00:47:07.739 --> 00:47:09.019
 For bed and board.

00:47:09.420 --> 00:47:10.239
 There's a bill.

00:47:10.239 --> 00:47:11.340
 Among the documents.

00:47:11.559 --> 00:47:12.559
 Which Sarah submitted.

00:47:12.559 --> 00:47:13.480
 To the colonial government.

00:47:13.480 --> 00:47:15.719
 For 800 dinners.

00:47:16.139 --> 00:47:18.159
 And seven gallons of rum.

00:47:18.299 --> 00:47:18.759
 So clearly.

00:47:18.860 --> 00:47:19.579
 A lot of soldiers.

00:47:19.579 --> 00:47:21.960
 Or a few very, very thirsty soldiers.

00:47:22.400 --> 00:47:23.500
 Showed up.

00:47:24.319 --> 00:47:26.119
 Clearly her gift of hospitality.

00:47:26.119 --> 00:47:27.460
 Was not going to waste.

00:47:28.019 --> 00:47:29.799
 And neither were Edwards.

00:47:30.500 --> 00:47:32.519
 Stockbridge afforded a great opportunity.

00:47:32.519 --> 00:47:34.960
 To forward his theological writings.

00:47:35.539 --> 00:47:37.000
 And it was at Stockbridge.

00:47:37.259 --> 00:47:39.199
 Amongst the Native Americans.

00:47:39.199 --> 00:47:40.480
 That Edwards produced.

00:47:40.900 --> 00:47:42.699
 His freedom of the will.

00:47:42.699 --> 00:47:44.799
 So if you struggle.

00:47:44.799 --> 00:47:46.739
 With a question of sovereignty.

00:47:46.739 --> 00:47:48.219
 And free will.

00:47:48.460 --> 00:47:49.359
 This is the book.

00:47:49.699 --> 00:47:50.379
 To read.

00:47:51.139 --> 00:47:51.799
 Alas.

00:47:51.919 --> 00:47:53.019
 I don't really have time.

00:47:53.099 --> 00:47:54.199
 To expound it now.

00:47:55.480 --> 00:47:57.099
 But also.

00:47:57.659 --> 00:47:59.859
 The fruit of his Stockbridge years.

00:48:00.359 --> 00:48:02.079
 Was the great Christian doctrine.

00:48:02.079 --> 00:48:03.259
 Of original sin.

00:48:03.699 --> 00:48:04.359
 Defended.

00:48:05.079 --> 00:48:06.460
 Edwards considered this doctrine.

00:48:06.659 --> 00:48:07.759
 Which was falling on.

00:48:07.899 --> 00:48:08.960
 Very hard times.

00:48:09.679 --> 00:48:11.899
 Was of great importance.

00:48:11.900 --> 00:48:14.079
 Because a true notion.

00:48:14.079 --> 00:48:14.940
 Of the gospel.

00:48:15.280 --> 00:48:16.000
 The remedy.

00:48:16.840 --> 00:48:17.300
 Pivots.

00:48:17.599 --> 00:48:18.900
 On a right diagnosis.

00:48:18.900 --> 00:48:19.680
 Of the ruin.

00:48:20.300 --> 00:48:21.000
 The disease.

00:48:21.559 --> 00:48:21.720
 Okay.

00:48:23.139 --> 00:48:23.940
 And two further.

00:48:24.059 --> 00:48:24.780
 Companion works.

00:48:24.840 --> 00:48:26.019
 Of the Stockbridge period.

00:48:26.380 --> 00:48:27.220
 Deserved mention.

00:48:27.420 --> 00:48:27.660
 Are.

00:48:27.660 --> 00:48:28.599
 A dissertation.

00:48:29.539 --> 00:48:30.780
 Concerning the end.

00:48:32.380 --> 00:48:33.200
 There we are.

00:48:33.260 --> 00:48:33.720
 There it is.

00:48:33.920 --> 00:48:35.039
 Two dissertations.

00:48:35.680 --> 00:48:36.400
 These two.

00:48:38.000 --> 00:48:38.519
 Dissertation.

00:48:38.599 --> 00:48:39.440
 Concerning the end.

00:48:39.539 --> 00:48:40.960
 For which God created the world.

00:48:40.960 --> 00:48:42.240
 And then this dissertation.

00:48:42.240 --> 00:48:43.199
 Concerning the nature.

00:48:43.199 --> 00:48:44.579
 Of true virtue.

00:48:44.579 --> 00:48:46.019
 Just a brief word.

00:48:46.019 --> 00:48:47.420
 On the first of these.

00:48:47.780 --> 00:48:48.300
 The end.

00:48:48.460 --> 00:48:49.220
 For which God.

00:48:49.380 --> 00:48:50.179
 Created the world.

00:48:50.559 --> 00:48:51.579
 Was to show forth.

00:48:51.699 --> 00:48:52.639
 His own glory.

00:48:52.820 --> 00:48:53.059
 In its.

00:48:53.460 --> 00:48:53.900
 Infinite.

00:48:54.579 --> 00:48:55.220
 Fullness.

00:48:57.019 --> 00:48:58.240
 God acts.

00:48:58.340 --> 00:48:59.340
 Out of a supreme.

00:48:59.340 --> 00:48:59.840
 Regard.

00:48:59.980 --> 00:49:00.599
 For himself.

00:49:01.639 --> 00:49:02.260
 But since.

00:49:02.519 --> 00:49:03.559
 Our creaturely.

00:49:03.659 --> 00:49:04.119
 Joy.

00:49:04.300 --> 00:49:05.079
 Consists in.

00:49:05.599 --> 00:49:06.320
 Delight.

00:49:06.880 --> 00:49:07.920
 In the very.

00:49:08.139 --> 00:49:09.240
 Self-expression.

00:49:09.239 --> 00:49:10.359
 Of God's majesty.

00:49:10.359 --> 00:49:11.319
 God acting.

00:49:11.319 --> 00:49:12.079
 For himself.

00:49:12.079 --> 00:49:13.000
 To display.

00:49:13.000 --> 00:49:13.679
 His majesty.

00:49:13.679 --> 00:49:14.839
 And the creature's.

00:49:14.839 --> 00:49:15.679
 Ultimate good.

00:49:15.899 --> 00:49:17.059
 Delighting in that majesty.

00:49:17.779 --> 00:49:18.299
 Coincide.

00:49:18.819 --> 00:49:19.799
 So if you've read.

00:49:19.919 --> 00:49:21.439
 Any of John Piper's stuff.

00:49:21.519 --> 00:49:22.419
 And desiring God.

00:49:22.500 --> 00:49:23.019
 And so forth.

00:49:23.659 --> 00:49:24.599
 God is.

00:49:24.699 --> 00:49:25.899
 Most glorified.

00:49:26.239 --> 00:49:26.919
 When we are.

00:49:27.019 --> 00:49:27.759
 Most satisfied.

00:49:27.759 --> 00:49:28.559
 In him.

00:49:29.599 --> 00:49:30.959
 That's where he's getting it.

00:49:31.119 --> 00:49:32.119
 From Edwards here.

00:49:33.319 --> 00:49:34.719
 Some wonderful stuff.

00:49:34.719 --> 00:49:36.399
 Well.

00:49:36.519 --> 00:49:37.259
 With all this.

00:49:37.379 --> 00:49:38.179
 Furious writing.

00:49:39.379 --> 00:49:39.859
 Paper.

00:49:40.019 --> 00:49:40.539
 Was in.

00:49:40.859 --> 00:49:41.139
 Short.

00:49:41.359 --> 00:49:41.919
 Supply.

00:49:42.239 --> 00:49:42.859
 And Edwards.

00:49:43.019 --> 00:49:44.319
 Saved scraps of paper.

00:49:44.480 --> 00:49:45.539
 Just like he saves.

00:49:45.679 --> 00:49:46.079
 Scraps.

00:49:46.339 --> 00:49:47.000
 Of time.

00:49:47.379 --> 00:49:48.819
 We find his notes.

00:49:48.819 --> 00:49:49.480
 In this period.

00:49:49.859 --> 00:49:51.179
 Appearing on marriage.

00:49:52.939 --> 00:49:53.359
 There.

00:49:53.480 --> 00:49:54.079
 Look at that.

00:49:54.219 --> 00:49:54.399
 So.

00:49:54.879 --> 00:49:55.199
 He would.

00:49:55.279 --> 00:49:56.219
 He would write a sermon.

00:49:56.439 --> 00:49:57.779
 And then to reuse the paper.

00:49:58.059 --> 00:49:58.879
 He would rotate.

00:49:59.019 --> 00:50:00.159
 And then cross hatch.

00:50:00.159 --> 00:50:01.439
 And write another sermon.

00:50:01.599 --> 00:50:01.879
 Across.

00:50:02.019 --> 00:50:03.279
 So he could reuse the paper.

00:50:03.659 --> 00:50:04.139
 In that way.

00:50:04.139 --> 00:50:04.859
 So that's an example.

00:50:04.859 --> 00:50:05.900
 Of much of what we.

00:50:06.000 --> 00:50:06.719
 We find.

00:50:09.539 --> 00:50:09.980
 Envelopes.

00:50:10.099 --> 00:50:10.980
 Commencement programs.

00:50:11.159 --> 00:50:11.859
 Even the trimmings.

00:50:11.859 --> 00:50:13.279
 From his daughter's fan making.

00:50:13.859 --> 00:50:15.019
 Edwards was even forced.

00:50:15.019 --> 00:50:15.719
 To tear up.

00:50:15.819 --> 00:50:16.699
 One of his old books.

00:50:16.879 --> 00:50:18.219
 And use the margins.

00:50:18.339 --> 00:50:19.179
 And blank spaces.

00:50:19.179 --> 00:50:20.440
 To write more sermons on.

00:50:20.619 --> 00:50:21.699
 A torrent.

00:50:22.079 --> 00:50:22.779
 Of words.

00:50:23.019 --> 00:50:24.779
 But every last one.

00:50:25.460 --> 00:50:26.619
 Utterly deliberate.

00:50:27.119 --> 00:50:27.879
 And considered.

00:50:28.819 --> 00:50:29.779
 Jonathan Edwards.

00:50:29.779 --> 00:50:32.239
 Was in his stride.

00:50:34.139 --> 00:50:35.460
 But.

00:50:35.460 --> 00:50:37.259
 This stride.

00:50:37.819 --> 00:50:38.960
 From this stride.

00:50:39.099 --> 00:50:39.779
 He was called.

00:50:40.179 --> 00:50:40.920
 To the presidency.

00:50:40.920 --> 00:50:42.119
 Of fledgling.

00:50:42.420 --> 00:50:42.819
 Princeton.

00:50:43.859 --> 00:50:45.279
 He was disinclined.

00:50:45.279 --> 00:50:45.779
 To go.

00:50:46.359 --> 00:50:47.400
 As most Yalies.

00:50:47.639 --> 00:50:48.279
 Seem to be.

00:50:48.859 --> 00:50:49.980
 But he submitted.

00:50:50.099 --> 00:50:50.940
 To the discernment.

00:50:51.359 --> 00:50:51.859
 Of a.

00:50:52.539 --> 00:50:53.139
 Council.

00:50:53.699 --> 00:50:55.059
 Of close friends.

00:50:55.420 --> 00:50:55.940
 In the matter.

00:50:56.000 --> 00:50:56.559
 Of his calling.

00:50:56.559 --> 00:50:57.699
 He actually had a bunch.

00:50:57.699 --> 00:50:58.380
 Of close friends.

00:50:58.920 --> 00:50:59.719
 Who were.

00:51:00.480 --> 00:51:01.579
 There is Princeton.

00:51:01.840 --> 00:51:03.079
 Just within a couple years.

00:51:03.279 --> 00:51:04.380
 Of Edwards going there.

00:51:05.320 --> 00:51:06.279
 Of being there.

00:51:06.639 --> 00:51:07.159
 Yes.

00:51:09.519 --> 00:51:10.000
 They.

00:51:10.279 --> 00:51:10.539
 His.

00:51:10.599 --> 00:51:12.099
 His kind of discernment group.

00:51:12.360 --> 00:51:13.259
 Of fellow friends.

00:51:13.619 --> 00:51:15.159
 They unanimously discerned.

00:51:15.239 --> 00:51:16.219
 That it would be fit.

00:51:16.699 --> 00:51:17.980
 To take the call.

00:51:18.099 --> 00:51:19.259
 To the Princeton presidency.

00:51:19.880 --> 00:51:20.799
 Edwards wept.

00:51:20.799 --> 00:51:21.579
 At their verdict.

00:51:21.699 --> 00:51:22.239
 But submitted.

00:51:23.139 --> 00:51:24.340
 Given the urgency.

00:51:24.340 --> 00:51:25.220
 Of the need.

00:51:25.640 --> 00:51:26.820
 He had to leave at once.

00:51:27.180 --> 00:51:27.900
 With his family.

00:51:27.940 --> 00:51:28.740
 To follow him.

00:51:28.980 --> 00:51:29.620
 When able.

00:51:30.620 --> 00:51:31.720
 Recalling the farewell.

00:51:32.240 --> 00:51:33.039
 Seventeen year old.

00:51:33.100 --> 00:51:33.539
 Susanna.

00:51:34.120 --> 00:51:34.480
 His.

00:51:34.660 --> 00:51:35.320
 One of his daughters.

00:51:35.519 --> 00:51:35.860
 Records.

00:51:36.000 --> 00:51:37.160
 My father took leave.

00:51:37.160 --> 00:51:38.180
 Of all of his people.

00:51:38.260 --> 00:51:38.740
 And family.

00:51:39.180 --> 00:51:40.240
 As affectionately.

00:51:40.519 --> 00:51:41.860
 As if he knew.

00:51:42.620 --> 00:51:43.380
 He should not.

00:51:43.500 --> 00:51:44.019
 Come again.

00:51:46.200 --> 00:51:47.740
 On the Sabbath afternoon.

00:51:48.380 --> 00:51:48.880
 He preached.

00:51:49.059 --> 00:51:49.660
 From the words.

00:51:50.800 --> 00:51:51.600
 We have no.

00:51:52.019 --> 00:51:52.800
 Continuing city.

00:51:53.500 --> 00:51:53.780
 Therefore.

00:51:53.780 --> 00:51:54.740
 Let us seek one.

00:51:54.820 --> 00:51:55.180
 To come.

00:51:56.180 --> 00:51:56.580
 Scarcely.

00:51:56.700 --> 00:51:57.120
 Had Edwards.

00:51:57.700 --> 00:51:58.100
 Arrived.

00:51:58.140 --> 00:51:58.760
 At the college.

00:51:59.200 --> 00:51:59.500
 When.

00:52:00.140 --> 00:52:01.000
 His new routine.

00:52:01.140 --> 00:52:01.640
 Was interrupted.

00:52:01.840 --> 00:52:02.960
 By an inoculation.

00:52:03.120 --> 00:52:04.160
 Against smallpox.

00:52:04.600 --> 00:52:05.700
 This caused no.

00:52:06.340 --> 00:52:06.660
 Stir.

00:52:06.880 --> 00:52:07.100
 For.

00:52:07.640 --> 00:52:08.040
 Inoculation.

00:52:08.160 --> 00:52:09.080
 Was just getting a start.

00:52:09.180 --> 00:52:10.019
 And it was common enough.

00:52:10.500 --> 00:52:11.420
 But in Edwards.

00:52:11.540 --> 00:52:11.720
 Case.

00:52:11.800 --> 00:52:12.360
 Was always.

00:52:12.800 --> 00:52:13.360
 The pastor.

00:52:13.800 --> 00:52:14.420
 That had to roll up.

00:52:14.460 --> 00:52:15.200
 His sleeve first.

00:52:15.540 --> 00:52:16.300
 Because he was the most.

00:52:16.380 --> 00:52:17.019
 Educated person.

00:52:17.120 --> 00:52:17.600
 In the town.

00:52:17.760 --> 00:52:18.740
 And if he wasn't going to do it.

00:52:18.820 --> 00:52:19.580
 Nobody would do it.

00:52:19.840 --> 00:52:21.080
 So he rolls up his sleeve.

00:52:21.080 --> 00:52:22.040
 They give him.

00:52:22.380 --> 00:52:23.140
 The inoculation.

00:52:23.139 --> 00:52:25.019
 And.

00:52:25.420 --> 00:52:26.359
 In his case.

00:52:26.420 --> 00:52:27.539
 A swelling of the throat.

00:52:27.599 --> 00:52:28.299
 That gave him too much.

00:52:28.339 --> 00:52:28.699
 His throat.

00:52:29.359 --> 00:52:29.980
 Swelled up.

00:52:30.299 --> 00:52:30.799
 And prevented him.

00:52:30.879 --> 00:52:31.819
 From drinking enough liquid.

00:52:31.920 --> 00:52:33.319
 To quell the attendant fever.

00:52:33.839 --> 00:52:35.779
 So he died of dehydration.

00:52:35.879 --> 00:52:36.279
 And fever.

00:52:37.159 --> 00:52:38.239
 It was soon.

00:52:38.799 --> 00:52:39.859
 Seen that recovery.

00:52:39.859 --> 00:52:40.559
 Was unlikely.

00:52:41.319 --> 00:52:42.319
 His youngest daughter.

00:52:42.420 --> 00:52:42.759
 Lucy.

00:52:43.199 --> 00:52:44.259
 Had accompanied him.

00:52:44.319 --> 00:52:44.779
 To Princeton.

00:52:45.239 --> 00:52:46.099
 And he called.

00:52:46.219 --> 00:52:46.699
 He was.

00:52:46.859 --> 00:52:47.480
 He called her.

00:52:47.480 --> 00:52:48.219
 To his side.

00:52:48.219 --> 00:52:49.500
 Uh.

00:52:50.539 --> 00:52:51.099
 Okay.

00:52:52.000 --> 00:52:52.579
 Look at this.

00:52:56.500 --> 00:52:57.059
 Dear Lucy.

00:52:57.759 --> 00:52:58.859
 It seems to me.

00:52:59.179 --> 00:53:00.239
 To be the will of God.

00:53:00.459 --> 00:53:01.739
 That I must shortly leave you.

00:53:02.319 --> 00:53:03.959
 Therefore give my kindest love.

00:53:04.039 --> 00:53:04.939
 To my dear wife.

00:53:05.539 --> 00:53:06.319
 And tell her.

00:53:06.579 --> 00:53:08.079
 That the uncommon union.

00:53:08.219 --> 00:53:09.939
 Which has so long subsisted.

00:53:09.939 --> 00:53:10.619
 Between us.

00:53:11.199 --> 00:53:12.519
 Has been of such a nature.

00:53:12.839 --> 00:53:13.699
 As I trust.

00:53:13.779 --> 00:53:14.619
 Is spiritual.

00:53:14.619 --> 00:53:16.099
 And therefore.

00:53:16.420 --> 00:53:17.079
 Will continue.

00:53:17.659 --> 00:53:17.980
 Forever.

00:53:18.900 --> 00:53:19.699
 And I hope.

00:53:19.779 --> 00:53:20.339
 She will be.

00:53:20.739 --> 00:53:21.199
 Supported.

00:53:21.299 --> 00:53:22.420
 Under so great a trial.

00:53:22.519 --> 00:53:23.559
 And submit cheerfully.

00:53:23.699 --> 00:53:24.500
 To the will of God.

00:53:25.259 --> 00:53:26.319
 And as to my children.

00:53:26.960 --> 00:53:27.799
 You are now like.

00:53:27.880 --> 00:53:28.900
 To be left fatherless.

00:53:29.259 --> 00:53:29.980
 Which I hope.

00:53:30.039 --> 00:53:30.920
 Will be an inducement.

00:53:30.980 --> 00:53:31.519
 To you all.

00:53:31.980 --> 00:53:33.139
 To seek a father.

00:53:33.679 --> 00:53:34.299
 Who will never.

00:53:35.059 --> 00:53:35.480
 Fail you.

00:53:37.299 --> 00:53:38.139
 Then he looked.

00:53:38.539 --> 00:53:38.980
 About.

00:53:39.299 --> 00:53:39.719
 The room.

00:53:39.719 --> 00:53:40.159
 And said.

00:53:40.719 --> 00:53:41.900
 Now where is Jesus.

00:53:42.019 --> 00:53:42.699
 Of Nazareth.

00:53:43.440 --> 00:53:44.279
 My true.

00:53:44.280 --> 00:53:45.960
 And never failing friend.

00:53:48.680 --> 00:53:49.660
 From Princeton.

00:53:49.780 --> 00:53:50.280
 The physician.

00:53:50.640 --> 00:53:51.420
 Wrote to Sarah.

00:53:51.980 --> 00:53:52.720
 That same day.

00:53:52.820 --> 00:53:53.880
 March 22nd.

00:53:53.980 --> 00:53:54.840
 1758.

00:53:55.060 --> 00:53:55.680
 This afternoon.

00:53:55.840 --> 00:53:56.580
 Between two and three.

00:53:56.620 --> 00:53:57.100
 Of the clock.

00:53:57.600 --> 00:53:58.320
 It pleased God.

00:53:58.400 --> 00:53:58.840
 To let him.

00:53:59.760 --> 00:54:00.240
 Sleep.

00:54:00.440 --> 00:54:01.700
 In that dear Lord Jesus.

00:54:02.040 --> 00:54:03.120
 Whose kingdom and interest.

00:54:03.260 --> 00:54:04.140
 He had been faithfully.

00:54:04.220 --> 00:54:04.860
 And painfully.

00:54:05.019 --> 00:54:06.120
 Serving all of his life.

00:54:06.680 --> 00:54:07.540
 Death had certainly.

00:54:07.540 --> 00:54:08.500
 Lost its sting.

00:54:08.540 --> 00:54:09.100
 As to him.

00:54:10.120 --> 00:54:10.640
 When the news.

00:54:10.640 --> 00:54:11.440
 Reached Stockbridge.

00:54:12.040 --> 00:54:12.920
 Sarah was suffering.

00:54:13.060 --> 00:54:13.440
 So much.

00:54:13.519 --> 00:54:14.160
 From rheumatism.

00:54:14.280 --> 00:54:15.580
 She could scarcely.

00:54:15.580 --> 00:54:16.160
 Hold a pen.

00:54:17.280 --> 00:54:17.940
 But brief.

00:54:18.300 --> 00:54:18.780
 Lines.

00:54:20.340 --> 00:54:20.860
 Written.

00:54:21.460 --> 00:54:22.100
 To her Sarah.

00:54:22.360 --> 00:54:22.600
 Esther.

00:54:22.720 --> 00:54:23.200
 To her daughter.

00:54:23.300 --> 00:54:23.620
 Esther.

00:54:23.980 --> 00:54:24.920
 Epitomized the spirit.

00:54:25.000 --> 00:54:25.920
 In which she had sought.

00:54:26.060 --> 00:54:27.019
 To live with her husband.

00:54:27.019 --> 00:54:28.220
 For more than 30 years.

00:54:29.460 --> 00:54:30.680
 What shall I say.

00:54:31.480 --> 00:54:32.320
 A holy.

00:54:32.580 --> 00:54:33.380
 And good God.

00:54:34.140 --> 00:54:35.040
 Has covered us.

00:54:35.420 --> 00:54:36.540
 With a dark cloud.

00:54:36.539 --> 00:54:37.539
 Oh.

00:54:37.539 --> 00:54:37.579
 Oh.

00:54:37.579 --> 00:54:39.079
 That we may kiss the rod.

00:54:39.539 --> 00:54:41.400
 And lay our hands on our mouths.

00:54:42.019 --> 00:54:43.159
 The Lord has done it.

00:54:43.960 --> 00:54:44.900
 He has me.

00:54:46.019 --> 00:54:47.179
 Adore his goodness.

00:54:47.739 --> 00:54:49.239
 That we had him so long.

00:54:50.460 --> 00:54:51.800
 But my God lives.

00:54:52.300 --> 00:54:53.340
 And he has my heart.

00:54:54.179 --> 00:54:54.500
 Oh.

00:54:54.559 --> 00:54:55.219
 What a legacy.

00:54:55.380 --> 00:54:56.440
 My husband and your father.

00:54:56.559 --> 00:54:57.159
 Has left us.

00:54:57.719 --> 00:54:59.420
 We are all given to God.

00:54:59.940 --> 00:55:00.880
 And there I am.

00:55:01.279 --> 00:55:02.039
 And love.

00:55:02.539 --> 00:55:02.880
 To be.

00:55:02.880 --> 00:55:07.200
 Yes.

00:55:07.720 --> 00:55:08.500
 What a legacy.

00:55:08.940 --> 00:55:09.940
 Not only his pen.

00:55:10.039 --> 00:55:11.019
 But also his person.

00:55:11.519 --> 00:55:12.599
 A gift to God.

00:55:12.700 --> 00:55:13.320
 And to us.

00:55:13.700 --> 00:55:14.240
 His people.

00:55:14.240 --> 00:55:15.180
 For Edwards was.

00:55:15.380 --> 00:55:16.880
 One of the only very few.

00:55:17.059 --> 00:55:18.200
 Who seemed to have been granted.

00:55:18.360 --> 00:55:19.940
 An almost perfect integration.

00:55:20.500 --> 00:55:21.140
 Of head and heart.

00:55:22.079 --> 00:55:22.760
 And it is this.

00:55:23.240 --> 00:55:25.140
 Union of profound reflection.

00:55:25.599 --> 00:55:27.019
 And passionate affection.

00:55:27.820 --> 00:55:29.760
 That is so worthy of inspiring us.

00:55:30.300 --> 00:55:31.640
 By directing us.

00:55:31.760 --> 00:55:32.599
 To the magnificent.

00:55:32.599 --> 00:55:33.279
 Majesty.

00:55:34.000 --> 00:55:34.779
 Of the God.

00:55:35.319 --> 00:55:36.000
 That he adored.

00:55:36.420 --> 00:55:37.719
 We better stop there.

00:55:38.319 --> 00:55:38.980
 I'm getting.

00:55:39.759 --> 00:55:40.940
 Very friendly signs.

00:55:41.019 --> 00:55:41.420
 That I shoot.

00:55:43.179 --> 00:55:43.579
 Okay.

00:55:44.059 --> 00:55:44.279
 Yep.

00:55:44.480 --> 00:55:44.619
 Yeah.

00:55:45.360 --> 00:55:45.839
 Okay.

00:55:47.039 --> 00:55:47.860
 Thank you friends.

00:55:48.059 --> 00:55:48.179
 Let's.

00:55:48.179 --> 00:55:48.500
 Let's.

00:55:49.039 --> 00:55:49.799
 Hasten up.

00:55:50.159 --> 00:55:51.360
 Sorry for going too long.

00:55:51.739 --> 00:55:52.699
 We can take questions.

00:55:52.759 --> 00:55:53.380
 Maybe next time.

00:55:53.440 --> 00:55:54.460
 I'll try to allow some time.

00:55:54.719 --> 00:55:55.159
 Next week.

00:55:55.219 --> 00:55:55.659
 Lord willing.

00:55:56.039 --> 00:55:57.639
 We will take a further look.

00:55:57.639 --> 00:55:59.219
 At the first great awakening.

00:55:59.659 --> 00:56:00.099
 At Yale.

00:56:00.319 --> 00:56:00.860
 And New Haven.

00:56:01.500 --> 00:56:01.639
 There.

00:56:01.639 --> 00:56:02.879
 More close.

00:56:10.759 --> 00:56:13.159
 Do I.

00:56:13.539 --> 00:56:13.859
 Press.

00:56:14.519 --> 00:56:14.879
 Pause.

00:56:14.960 --> 00:56:15.480
 Or stop.

00:56:15.619 --> 00:56:15.719
 Or.

00:56:15.859 --> 00:56:16.379
 Does it matter?

00:56:17.099 --> 00:56:17.960
 I'm sure it matters.

00:56:18.099 --> 00:56:18.259
 Okay.

00:56:19.039 --> 00:56:19.480
 Pause.

00:56:19.480 --> 00:56:20.139
 A forest.

00:56:20.139 --> 00:56:20.960
ftenάν.

00:56:21.320 --> 00:56:21.699
 tabii.

00:56:21.920 --> 00:56:22.539
 We will.

00:56:22.539 --> 00:56:23.619
 Die.

00:56:23.740 --> 00:56:24.539
 Some.

00:56:36.860 --> 00:56:37.300
ва-

00:56:37.300 --> 00:56:37.840
�n.