WEBVTT

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 When we're talking about counseling, we're going to do it a little bit different way. We're going to talk about what it means to counsel in the psychologized world.

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! And the reason I think this is important is because we live in a culture in the United States that is, though we're Christians and we actually have a culture.

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 It is counter to something. Everywhere where the gospel brings life, it creates a counterculture. It creates a culture within another culture.

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 And so for us to be able to minister in this culture, both to one another and ultimately to other people, we need to understand how our culture, how we as enculturated Christians, interact with a larger culture.

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 And so this is going to be a chance to kind of talk through what does it mean to counsel and minister to folks in a culture that is psychologized.

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 There's going to be critique here. And so if you have a psychology background, there will be critique.

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 My goal here, though, is not to just simply come in and critique psychology. I want to do something more.

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 I want to talk about the world we live in and what the worldview is and how we're embedded in it and then how both ourselves and others are shaped by that world and how we think, how we process, how we understand ourselves.

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 And where if we're trying to counsel people from God's word, how we need to engage.

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 And so this is going to be a lot of material about understanding the psychologized world.

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 But also, I want you to help me to know how it would apply to your circumstances, how the people you relate to in the church, outside the church, how you might share the gospel, how you might relate to family, friends.

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 And so the goal is to just kind of give you a way of thinking about this so that when you counsel, you're counseling thoughtfully into the world you're speaking.

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 My concern is when we talk about biblical counseling, a lot of times what we end up with is people taking Bible verses and just kind of throwing them into somebody's life, decontextualized.

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 Or if they're not doing that, they're unaware of how much they're affected by the culture and they screen out biblical truth and replace it with quasi-Christian thinking that is as much about psychology as it is about the Bible.

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 But neither of those is helpful for the purpose of ministry because the one, the just dropping Bible verses and Bible concepts into people's lives, decontextualized, leads people to understand, well, how does this really apply to my life?

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 What does it really mean?

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 And to do the other means we're giving people a false sense of what Jesus came in to do and how he changed his lives.

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 And so this is going to be a lecture kind of process, but I'm going to pause and interact with you over things that you're thinking about as you're ministering to people.

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 So what I want you to do is as we're talking to just simply think through situations you're ministering in.

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 Again, it might be people, friends in the church.

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 If you want to talk about situations you're in that involve people in the church, just be discreet.

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 You know, we don't want to be like, oh, that guy over there.

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 This is a problem I have with him.

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 Be discreet.

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 But there may be, again, family members.

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 A lot of times I'll find that people are trying to know how to relate what God is doing in their lives, how to minister to family members or friends, coworkers, different ways where you're trying to just interact and relate.

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 And so I hope what this does is gives you a better framework for understanding your mission in a psychologized culture.

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 In his book, we're going to do three things.

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 The first section is going to be on biblical anthropology.

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 How do we understand ourselves and how anthropology functions in a psychologized world?

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 So that's going to be our first session.

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 The second session is going to be actually dealing with how do we understand the mental health world?

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 And by mental health world, I mean the entire set of systems that are set up to diagnose and care for people who are struggling with problems that are often called mental health problems.

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 And so we're going to look at that.

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 And the goal of that is to help understand what's actually being done when you're talking about a diagnosis.

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 What exactly is, what is going on with medication?

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 We're not going to go deep into it, but I want to give you a framework to understand what's happening when we hear all these diagnostic terms and words and labels and what they mean and what they don't mean.

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 Where they're beneficial, where they might be deficient.

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 And then the third session is going to be how do you minister to somebody who's kind of just lived and grown up in and imbibe a therapeutic view of themselves?

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 And I don't mean therapeutic negatively.

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 I simply mean somebody where they just don't question some of the assumptions that we have in this culture about the way we understand ourselves and our problems.

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 That's what we're getting at.

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 We all know there are problems.

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 We all have problems.

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 We all struggle in various ways.

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 How do we understand those struggles?

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 How do we know how to relate to those struggles?

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 How does the Bible speak to us about those struggles?

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 How does the world tell us how to deal with those struggles?

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 And where do we need to find a way to interject biblical truth into a world that doesn't think biblically?

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 So that's the goal.

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 I'm going to pray and then we're going to jump right in.

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 Heavenly Father, I do pray this morning for those who are here, Lord, that this investment of their time would be meaningful and helpful.

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 It would serve them both in their thinking and also practically in ministry situations that they find themselves in right now.

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 Lord, guide us, God, as we talk.

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 Help us to turn this into a collaborative effort, O Lord Jesus.

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 And Spirit of God, just come and speak.

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 We're not going to be in the scriptures heavily today.

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 But I do pray that you would speak through what we're doing.

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 In Jesus' name.

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 Amen.

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 In his book, The Rise of the Modern Self, Carl Truman is the author.

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 He channels concepts of philosopher Charles Taylor described contemporary Western self-identity.

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 Taylor talks about culture as a social imaginary.

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 A collective sense of identity that each culture accepts and lives comfortably within.

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 Social imaginary is simply the embedded assumptions about life that are found in each culture.

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 And every culture and subculture has those, just givens.

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 The social imaginary is the givens.

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 We just all know this.

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 We all assume this.

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 And Carl Truman summarizes that the social imaginary is the way people think about the world, how they imagine it to be, how they act intuitively in relation to it.

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 That is emphatically not to make the social imaginary simply into a set of identifiable ideas.

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 It is the totality of the way we look at our world to make sense of it and to make sense of our behavior within it.

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 That's what we're talking about.

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 How we understand the world.

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 I was just talking to, what's your name again?

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 Elena.

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 Elena.

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 So Elena, who grew up down in Atlanta, like I did.

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 And the differences in culture between the deep south and up here in New England, they're subtle in terms of a global perspective.

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 But growing up in the south, the first thing I noticed when I came up north was nobody talked about the Civil War.

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 Like down south, the Civil War was still a big thing because the war shaped everything about the culture.

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 I came up here and the Civil War was irrelevant.

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 And so there was a social imaginary in the deep south about being a defeated, we were the only people in this country who had a sense of defeat in our identity.

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 Also differences racially, ethnically.

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 In the deep south, at least when I was growing up, it was primarily black and white.

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 There had been no immigration.

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 There was no Jewish or Italian immigrants or Polish or Irish.

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 You're just black and white.

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 Now, obviously that's changed now with immigration from Mexico and South America.

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 But the idea was that down there, it was very simple.

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 Ralph D'Aberdathy was talking about racial differences in the north and south.

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 And he was one of the kings of the lieutenants.

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 And he said, referencing blacks as they interact with whites, he said, down in the south, people, any white people, don't care how close you are as long as you don't get too high.

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 Up north, people don't care how high you are as long as you don't get too close.

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 And that was his understanding.

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 That was a social imaginary, the difference that people just assumed.

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 So that's what we're talking about.

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 Cultures had these imaginaries.

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 Taylor coined the term expressive individualism to attempt to capture the Western, particularly American, social imaginary.

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 Expressive individualism.

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 This is not a novel concept.

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 Christopher Lash's controversial 1979 assessment of 20 cents a year in America, the culture of narcissism coined the phrase the therapeutic self.

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 1979.

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 1996, Ronald Warkin critiqued American culture in his book as the rise of the imperial self,

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 which he identified as a culture dominated by individuality, self-expression, autonomy, and self-esteem.

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 So this idea of what we orient to in American culture, Western culture in general, but American culture particularly,

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 is a highly individualistic, self-oriented understanding of life.

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 One of our pastors this past week was just, you know, in his sermon, was just kind of talking through some things.

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 And he said, he was talking about, he's a young man, he's in his mid-20s.

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 And he said, he said, ground zero in my life is what I think about myself.

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 And that's a great way to capture this idea of expression of individualism.

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 What I think about myself is how I orient to the world.

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 That's the world we live in.

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 I think I'm not telling you something you don't know and don't experience.

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 And maybe see in hyperdrive in a world of higher education around here.

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 Where this idea of my own self-identity.

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 And what's been added to it in the last few years is not simply I need to express myself,

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 but you need to authenticate however I want to express myself.

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 My personhood not only requires my right and ability to express myself,

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 but it requires those around me to affirm and authenticate and celebrate how I think about myself.

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 That's what we're talking about.

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 This is not a seminar in American culture.

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 This cultural understanding is important for you and me as Christians in this culture.

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 This is the world in which we live and move and have our being, as Paul said.

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 Did we use another Pauline phrase?

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 This is the manner of life to which our old self is very much attached.

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 If you read Ephesians 4, Paul's talking,

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 calling the believers out of a former manner of life that you learned

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 and that is attached to the old way,

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 and he's calling people into a new manner of life that is in Christ.

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 What I want to help us do is understand the world better,

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 to understand the ways it relates to human problems and suffering,

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 and to learn how to do better fellowship and ministry.

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 One of my concerns in my own church is that if we live with this sense of cultural individual expressionism,

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 it actually comes into the church in the way we care for one another.

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 When someone is dealing with a problem, how we relate to one another,

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 how we understand one another, what's the nature of our problems.

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 And so we can be in the church really feeding this worldview to one another.

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 Without even knowing it, because we're like fish in the ocean.

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 It's what we breathe.

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 It's all we know.

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 And so we have to think outside of what we know to do effective ministry.

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 I have a few baseline points out of which we'll be operating.

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 One is we live in a psychologized culture

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 that we all, and we're all inherently shaped by that culture.

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 That includes Christians.

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 So you and I are not exempt.

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 Coming to Christ is a radical change in our hearts,

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 but it's a call to change our thinking about who we are and how we live in this world.

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 That doesn't come overnight.

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 That's a lifelong process because we're in a battle against the world.

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 The world entices us to conforming to the way it thinks.

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 The world sets up its values and then calls us to love those values and to pursue those values.

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 So we are psychologized people.

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 I am a psychologized person.

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 The psychologized culture is distinctly shaped by Western, first world, affluent values

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 that do not translate coherently to other cultural settings.

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 To take American, particularly American values,

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 Europe has its own sort of set of values based on the histories of the different countries,

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 but in America, our values don't translate well into other cultures

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 without simply overtaking those cultures.

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 I teach biblical counseling in Adi Sabo, Ethiopia,

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 and it's amazing how hard it is to teach counseling in a culture that is pre-psychologized.

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 Now, a lot of the folks I teach are at university school,

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 and so they're familiar with things.

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 They certainly know Netflix and by their phones understand culture.

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 They know the music.

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 All that's this expressive individualism coming into the culture,

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 but they don't have concepts to understand basic things that we find interesting.

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 I was doing a course back in May there on complex problems,

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 and I was trying to find some way to give them something to work with,

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 and I found there was a show produced in Kenya

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 that is kind of like, it's kind of like TED Talks for Kenya, essentially.

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 Very well done, usually done.

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 But they had a guy on there who's Kenyan,

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 and he was talking about dealing with depression,

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 and he shared how his depression was not understood by his culture,

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 that he needed to find Western counseling to be able to help him deal with it.

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 But he was a musician.

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 He was a performance artist, musician.

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 And so he did this song, and it was in Swahili.

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 And he sang this beautiful song in Swahili,

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 but it's interesting because every word was in Swahili,

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 except he had to insert the word depression into the song

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 because there's no concept in Swahili

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 to define depression as it's defined here.

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 That's common.

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 Our way of thinking requires affluence.

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 It requires a certain way of understanding

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 who we are in relationship to family,

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 who we are in relationship to community,

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 how laws are set up,

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 what rights we have as individuals,

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 our collective history.

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 All those things come into play

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 that shape who we are,

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 that when we sort of think we can walk into another culture

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 and drop that in,

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 it doesn't work.

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 And so as a result,

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 we have to see what we're dealing with

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 is what seems to be

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 very common and self-understood

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 in our culture.

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 It is very distinct in other cultures.

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 It's very different.

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 I'm not telling you anything you don't know.

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 A third point,

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 the psychological worldview

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 is built on an anthropology

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 that's inherently opposed

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 to biblical anthropology.

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 That's where we're going to spend most of the time

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 in the next few minutes,

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 so I'll just let you know.

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 Psychology is,

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 as an anthropology,

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 is inherently opposed

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 to biblical anthropology.

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 There's not any real place

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 within to connect.

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 A fourth point,

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 effective biblical ministry

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 and fellowship

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 requires we understand

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 the culture

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 and values

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 and assumptions

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 carried by the people

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 to whom we minister

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 without imbibing

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 those values

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 in the way

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 we bring ministry.

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 So in a sense,

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 we are going to be

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 counterculture

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 in our ministry.

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 And what makes it hard

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 is that we're not

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 counterculture

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 in our own thinking.

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 So we have to be

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 self-evaluative

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 before we can evaluate

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 how to help other people.

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 So let's begin.

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 Definition of psychology,

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 the study of the soul.

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 Psychology,

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 often these days,

00:20:27.839 --> 00:20:30.119
 it's being portrayed

00:20:30.119 --> 00:20:31.399
 as a science.

00:20:31.460 --> 00:20:32.740
 It's a social science.

00:20:32.740 --> 00:20:36.160
 But it really is,

00:20:36.220 --> 00:20:36.599
 and it says,

00:20:36.720 --> 00:20:37.920
 it's the study of the soul.

00:20:38.019 --> 00:20:40.900
 The study of humanness

00:20:40.900 --> 00:20:44.000
 as individually perceived

00:20:44.000 --> 00:20:44.599
 and understood.

00:20:49.740 --> 00:20:50.779
 And it's a system

00:20:50.779 --> 00:20:51.599
 of understanding.

00:20:52.720 --> 00:20:54.299
 And to talk about this,

00:20:54.380 --> 00:20:55.000
 I want to use,

00:20:55.240 --> 00:20:56.940
 as a biblical counselor,

00:20:57.039 --> 00:20:57.579
 David Powelson.

00:20:57.640 --> 00:20:58.039
 You guys familiar

00:20:58.039 --> 00:20:58.859
 with David Powelson?

00:21:00.039 --> 00:21:00.339
 Okay,

00:21:00.440 --> 00:21:01.000
 so David Powelson,

00:21:01.000 --> 00:21:02.500
 you really want to,

00:21:02.579 --> 00:21:03.940
 if you know Tim Keller,

00:21:04.700 --> 00:21:05.660
 and you're a fan

00:21:05.660 --> 00:21:06.160
 of Tim Keller,

00:21:06.839 --> 00:21:07.819
 what Keller did

00:21:07.819 --> 00:21:09.460
 for generally understanding

00:21:09.460 --> 00:21:10.319
 the gospel

00:21:10.319 --> 00:21:11.339
 into the culture

00:21:11.339 --> 00:21:15.099
 as believers,

00:21:15.500 --> 00:21:16.940
 Powelson was good at

00:21:16.940 --> 00:21:18.380
 in dealing with counseling.

00:21:18.599 --> 00:21:19.960
 He knew how to engage

00:21:19.960 --> 00:21:21.700
 this psychologized world

00:21:21.700 --> 00:21:22.799
 in a winsome way,

00:21:22.880 --> 00:21:23.759
 in a thoughtful way.

00:21:24.519 --> 00:21:24.960
 And so,

00:21:25.440 --> 00:21:26.180
 Powelson uses

00:21:26.180 --> 00:21:26.819
 what we call

00:21:26.819 --> 00:21:27.640
 an upstream,

00:21:27.900 --> 00:21:28.839
 downstream metaphor.

00:21:28.839 --> 00:21:29.559
 So we're going to kind of

00:21:29.559 --> 00:21:30.579
 use that as a basis

00:21:30.579 --> 00:21:31.359
 for understanding.

00:21:32.500 --> 00:21:34.039
 The world of psychology,

00:21:34.279 --> 00:21:34.939
 you might want to see,

00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:35.619
 is a river

00:21:35.619 --> 00:21:37.199
 that flows from upstream

00:21:37.199 --> 00:21:38.539
 to downstream.

00:21:39.859 --> 00:21:40.959
 And I sort of have it

00:21:40.959 --> 00:21:41.740
 in a very crude

00:21:41.740 --> 00:21:44.179
 sort of a graphic there.

00:21:44.699 --> 00:21:46.000
 At the top end

00:21:46.000 --> 00:21:47.240
 of this,

00:21:47.319 --> 00:21:48.500
 at the fountainhead

00:21:48.500 --> 00:21:50.159
 of the world of psychology,

00:21:50.819 --> 00:21:51.959
 is the area

00:21:51.959 --> 00:21:52.740
 of theology

00:21:52.740 --> 00:21:53.439
 and philosophy.

00:21:55.159 --> 00:21:56.299
 There are philosophical

00:21:56.299 --> 00:21:57.440
 worldviews

00:21:57.440 --> 00:21:58.319
 that shape

00:21:58.319 --> 00:21:59.919
 psychology.

00:22:00.799 --> 00:22:02.159
 Those produce,

00:22:02.220 --> 00:22:02.879
 a little farther

00:22:02.879 --> 00:22:03.359
 downstream,

00:22:03.779 --> 00:22:04.440
 theories.

00:22:05.099 --> 00:22:06.299
 So based on this,

00:22:06.639 --> 00:22:07.440
 these philosophical

00:22:07.440 --> 00:22:08.399
 understandings,

00:22:08.799 --> 00:22:10.039
 here are theories

00:22:10.039 --> 00:22:11.859
 that make sense

00:22:11.859 --> 00:22:13.019
 of what that means.

00:22:14.000 --> 00:22:15.359
 And out of those theories

00:22:15.359 --> 00:22:16.639
 then come models

00:22:16.639 --> 00:22:17.299
 and methodologies

00:22:17.879 --> 00:22:18.779
 of application.

00:22:20.059 --> 00:22:21.019
 And then out of

00:22:21.019 --> 00:22:22.379
 those methodologies

00:22:22.379 --> 00:22:23.619
 become practices.

00:22:23.859 --> 00:22:24.980
 Now we have these models.

00:22:24.980 --> 00:22:26.360
 What are the practices

00:22:26.360 --> 00:22:27.839
 that flow

00:22:27.839 --> 00:22:29.620
 from those models

00:22:29.620 --> 00:22:30.559
 and methodologies?

00:22:31.259 --> 00:22:31.940
 And then,

00:22:32.059 --> 00:22:33.279
 what is the cultural

00:22:33.279 --> 00:22:34.539
 effect

00:22:34.539 --> 00:22:36.319
 of these kinds

00:22:36.319 --> 00:22:37.180
 of practices?

00:22:37.759 --> 00:22:38.779
 So that's a good way

00:22:38.779 --> 00:22:39.700
 to understand

00:22:39.700 --> 00:22:41.099
 this idea

00:22:41.099 --> 00:22:42.019
 of psychology

00:22:42.019 --> 00:22:42.799
 as a worldview.

00:22:43.120 --> 00:22:43.799
 It starts

00:22:43.799 --> 00:22:44.539
 in the world

00:22:44.539 --> 00:22:45.200
 of philosophy

00:22:45.200 --> 00:22:46.759
 and it works its way

00:22:46.759 --> 00:22:47.779
 through theories,

00:22:48.299 --> 00:22:49.620
 which we'll be looking

00:22:49.620 --> 00:22:50.599
 at mostly today

00:22:50.599 --> 00:22:52.019
 in the first session,

00:22:52.420 --> 00:22:53.259
 and then models

00:22:53.259 --> 00:22:54.220
 and methodologies

00:22:54.220 --> 00:22:56.259
 and then therapeutic

00:22:56.259 --> 00:22:57.059
 practices,

00:22:57.259 --> 00:22:58.079
 how these get put

00:22:58.079 --> 00:22:58.759
 into play,

00:22:59.240 --> 00:23:00.140
 and then how do

00:23:00.140 --> 00:23:01.559
 they affect people

00:23:01.559 --> 00:23:02.740
 and culture

00:23:02.740 --> 00:23:03.900
 and social trends.

00:23:06.480 --> 00:23:07.460
 So as we go

00:23:07.460 --> 00:23:08.480
 through this material,

00:23:09.200 --> 00:23:10.160
 we'll process it through,

00:23:10.240 --> 00:23:10.980
 I want you to process

00:23:10.980 --> 00:23:11.879
 through your personal

00:23:11.879 --> 00:23:12.420
 orientation.

00:23:12.900 --> 00:23:14.379
 I think you will find

00:23:14.379 --> 00:23:16.660
 that each of these models

00:23:16.660 --> 00:23:18.079
 and theories

00:23:18.079 --> 00:23:18.819
 that we talk about

00:23:18.819 --> 00:23:19.200
 are going to have

00:23:19.200 --> 00:23:19.960
 in some sense

00:23:19.960 --> 00:23:21.200
 relevance to how

00:23:21.200 --> 00:23:22.099
 you've thought about life

00:23:22.099 --> 00:23:22.579
 or something you're

00:23:22.579 --> 00:23:23.179
 familiar with.

00:23:23.839 --> 00:23:24.339
 So we're going to

00:23:24.339 --> 00:23:25.299
 navigate the upstream

00:23:25.299 --> 00:23:26.359
 and downstream dynamic.

00:23:28.559 --> 00:23:30.119
 In the area of theology

00:23:30.119 --> 00:23:31.639
 and philosophy,

00:23:31.639 --> 00:23:32.480
 we're talking about

00:23:32.480 --> 00:23:33.459
 the area of

00:23:33.459 --> 00:23:34.959
 psychological anthropology.

00:23:36.699 --> 00:23:38.039
 This is the fountainhead

00:23:38.039 --> 00:23:39.019
 of any theory

00:23:39.019 --> 00:23:39.759
 of the soul.

00:23:41.419 --> 00:23:42.219
 Whether you're looking

00:23:42.219 --> 00:23:42.839
 at secular

00:23:42.839 --> 00:23:44.399
 or religious worldviews,

00:23:44.419 --> 00:23:45.699
 there are four basic

00:23:45.699 --> 00:23:47.339
 anthropological questions

00:23:47.339 --> 00:23:49.259
 that must be addressed.

00:23:49.599 --> 00:23:50.399
 Who are we?

00:23:50.400 --> 00:23:51.820
 Who am I?

00:23:54.740 --> 00:23:55.960
 What's wrong with me?

00:23:57.100 --> 00:23:58.040
 Because one of the things

00:23:58.040 --> 00:23:59.420
 every human being

00:23:59.420 --> 00:24:01.180
 has an awareness of

00:24:01.180 --> 00:24:02.960
 is things aren't right.

00:24:03.840 --> 00:24:05.940
 Nobody lives in this world

00:24:05.940 --> 00:24:06.960
 in the delusion

00:24:06.960 --> 00:24:08.660
 that everything's right

00:24:08.660 --> 00:24:09.900
 and will end up right.

00:24:10.940 --> 00:24:12.060
 What we know

00:24:12.060 --> 00:24:12.980
 is that we enter

00:24:12.980 --> 00:24:13.720
 into the world,

00:24:14.380 --> 00:24:15.300
 there is suffering,

00:24:15.740 --> 00:24:17.040
 and then there is death.

00:24:17.039 --> 00:24:19.379
 And how do you explain that?

00:24:19.779 --> 00:24:21.379
 And how do you

00:24:21.379 --> 00:24:22.460
 navigate life

00:24:22.460 --> 00:24:23.480
 because of that?

00:24:25.319 --> 00:24:27.000
 So what's wrong with us?

00:24:27.639 --> 00:24:28.440
 The third question

00:24:28.440 --> 00:24:29.460
 coming out of that

00:24:29.460 --> 00:24:31.279
 is what should be

00:24:31.279 --> 00:24:31.940
 right with us.

00:24:32.000 --> 00:24:32.519
 There's a sense

00:24:32.519 --> 00:24:33.159
 we all have

00:24:33.159 --> 00:24:34.079
 that it should not

00:24:34.079 --> 00:24:34.779
 be this way.

00:24:34.899 --> 00:24:36.119
 Why is it this way?

00:24:36.399 --> 00:24:37.839
 Why is life hard?

00:24:39.039 --> 00:24:40.420
 Why is life unjust?

00:24:40.960 --> 00:24:42.200
 Why do I suffer

00:24:42.200 --> 00:24:43.259
 in the way I do?

00:24:43.259 --> 00:24:44.500
 Why is there

00:24:44.500 --> 00:24:46.900
 unexplainable suffering

00:24:46.900 --> 00:24:47.619
 in this world?

00:24:49.920 --> 00:24:52.220
 What should be right?

00:24:52.359 --> 00:24:54.519
 If this weren't the case,

00:24:54.640 --> 00:24:55.619
 what would it be right?

00:24:57.119 --> 00:24:59.539
 What's the way

00:24:59.539 --> 00:25:00.319
 it should be?

00:25:03.460 --> 00:25:05.259
 And then the fourth question

00:25:05.259 --> 00:25:07.319
 is what would it take

00:25:07.319 --> 00:25:08.240
 to fix the problem?

00:25:09.299 --> 00:25:10.619
 Every anthropology

00:25:10.619 --> 00:25:11.900
 is dealing in some sense

00:25:11.900 --> 00:25:13.160
 with those questions.

00:25:14.340 --> 00:25:15.740
 So how does a biblical Christian

00:25:15.740 --> 00:25:16.680
 answer those questions?

00:25:16.759 --> 00:25:17.259
 I'm going to take

00:25:17.259 --> 00:25:17.980
 you guys through it.

00:25:18.040 --> 00:25:19.420
 You help me

00:25:19.420 --> 00:25:21.480
 as well-taught

00:25:21.480 --> 00:25:22.980
 church members.

00:25:24.440 --> 00:25:25.340
 Who are we?

00:25:29.160 --> 00:25:29.940
 Who are we?

00:25:30.600 --> 00:25:31.060
 What do you know

00:25:31.060 --> 00:25:31.500
 from the bottom?

00:25:32.540 --> 00:25:32.980
 Sinners?

00:25:34.160 --> 00:25:34.519
 Yeah,

00:25:34.700 --> 00:25:36.140
 but more fundamentally

00:25:36.140 --> 00:25:36.740
 than that.

00:25:37.880 --> 00:25:38.740
 Image of God.

00:25:39.080 --> 00:25:39.340
 Yeah,

00:25:39.560 --> 00:25:39.860
 we're

00:25:39.860 --> 00:25:41.580
 persons

00:25:41.579 --> 00:25:44.220
 created

00:25:44.220 --> 00:25:45.500
 in the image

00:25:45.500 --> 00:25:46.119
 of God.

00:25:47.240 --> 00:25:48.059
 That's what the Bible

00:25:48.059 --> 00:25:48.619
 tells us.

00:25:48.679 --> 00:25:49.399
 What else do we know?

00:25:51.059 --> 00:25:52.179
 That's a loaded statement

00:25:52.179 --> 00:25:52.639
 right there,

00:25:52.699 --> 00:25:53.079
 isn't it?

00:25:58.019 --> 00:25:58.960
 God created

00:25:58.960 --> 00:26:01.799
 man,

00:26:01.919 --> 00:26:02.079
 male,

00:26:02.199 --> 00:26:03.839
 and female.

00:26:03.839 --> 00:26:06.139
 so there is

00:26:06.139 --> 00:26:07.639
 gender distinction

00:26:07.639 --> 00:26:09.279
 in creation.

00:26:11.839 --> 00:26:12.779
 We're creating

00:26:12.779 --> 00:26:13.339
 the image

00:26:13.339 --> 00:26:13.959
 of God

00:26:13.959 --> 00:26:16.019
 one.

00:26:19.759 --> 00:26:20.279
 Worship.

00:26:20.959 --> 00:26:21.359
 To serve.

00:26:21.679 --> 00:26:21.799
 Yeah.

00:26:23.379 --> 00:26:23.879
 Is that what you mean?

00:26:23.879 --> 00:26:25.220
 What's your

00:26:25.220 --> 00:26:26.699
 mission statement

00:26:26.699 --> 00:26:27.179
 for the church?

00:26:27.180 --> 00:26:29.620
 To glorify God

00:26:29.620 --> 00:26:30.220
 by making

00:26:30.220 --> 00:26:31.019
 disciples of Jesus

00:26:31.019 --> 00:26:31.460
 Christ

00:26:31.460 --> 00:26:31.880
 in the power

00:26:31.880 --> 00:26:32.519
 of the Holy Spirit.

00:26:33.039 --> 00:26:33.180
 Yeah,

00:26:33.420 --> 00:26:33.660
 so

00:26:33.660 --> 00:26:35.460
 that's what we're

00:26:35.460 --> 00:26:36.000
 called to be.

00:26:36.420 --> 00:26:37.080
 That's one way

00:26:37.080 --> 00:26:37.799
 of expressing it,

00:26:37.820 --> 00:26:38.000
 right?

00:26:38.960 --> 00:26:40.160
 To worship God.

00:26:40.440 --> 00:26:40.920
 Is worship

00:26:40.920 --> 00:26:41.500
 simply

00:26:41.500 --> 00:26:43.259
 growling at the

00:26:43.259 --> 00:26:44.060
 foot of a deity?

00:26:44.059 --> 00:26:50.839
 Is that what we do?

00:26:50.919 --> 00:26:51.259
 We just,

00:26:51.639 --> 00:26:52.500
 we sacrifice

00:26:52.500 --> 00:26:55.299
 to a God

00:26:55.299 --> 00:26:56.379
 to appease him

00:26:56.379 --> 00:26:57.879
 or her

00:26:57.879 --> 00:26:58.559
 or it

00:26:58.559 --> 00:27:01.139
 so that we can

00:27:01.139 --> 00:27:02.099
 experience

00:27:02.099 --> 00:27:02.859
 a good life?

00:27:02.940 --> 00:27:03.579
 Is that what it is?

00:27:06.119 --> 00:27:07.099
 What's the purpose?

00:27:07.259 --> 00:27:07.700
 What's our,

00:27:08.859 --> 00:27:09.700
 why are we here?

00:27:14.059 --> 00:27:15.960
 Going back to Genesis

00:27:15.960 --> 00:27:16.819
 to have dominion.

00:27:17.619 --> 00:27:17.919
 Yeah,

00:27:18.039 --> 00:27:18.839
 to express dominion,

00:27:19.099 --> 00:27:19.819
 we've been given

00:27:19.819 --> 00:27:20.960
 a responsibility

00:27:20.960 --> 00:27:21.960
 by God

00:27:21.960 --> 00:27:23.139
 which means

00:27:23.139 --> 00:27:24.039
 we're distinct

00:27:24.039 --> 00:27:25.339
 from other

00:27:25.339 --> 00:27:26.440
 creatures

00:27:26.440 --> 00:27:27.839
 God has created,

00:27:28.200 --> 00:27:28.779
 right?

00:27:29.179 --> 00:27:30.440
 We are distinct

00:27:30.440 --> 00:27:31.839
 because of

00:27:31.839 --> 00:27:32.960
 this,

00:27:33.139 --> 00:27:33.799
 of what things?

00:27:33.859 --> 00:27:34.259
 First of all,

00:27:34.379 --> 00:27:35.159
 one of the things

00:27:35.159 --> 00:27:36.119
 is this idea

00:27:36.119 --> 00:27:36.679
 that we've been given

00:27:36.679 --> 00:27:37.019
 a job.

00:27:37.220 --> 00:27:37.399
 More,

00:27:37.399 --> 00:27:38.720
 more fundamental

00:27:38.720 --> 00:27:39.539
 even than that

00:27:39.539 --> 00:27:40.019
 is what?

00:27:42.460 --> 00:27:43.319
 We're created

00:27:43.319 --> 00:27:44.539
 for relationship

00:27:44.539 --> 00:27:45.240
 with God,

00:27:45.700 --> 00:27:46.740
 to walk

00:27:46.740 --> 00:27:47.299
 with God,

00:27:48.059 --> 00:27:49.399
 to enjoy

00:27:49.399 --> 00:27:49.759
 him.

00:27:51.460 --> 00:27:52.419
 As Augustine

00:27:52.419 --> 00:27:52.740
 said,

00:27:53.359 --> 00:27:54.539
 to glorify God

00:27:54.539 --> 00:27:55.379
 and enjoy him

00:27:55.379 --> 00:27:55.779
 forever.

00:27:56.839 --> 00:27:57.599
 That's one way

00:27:57.599 --> 00:27:58.259
 to understand

00:27:58.259 --> 00:27:59.559
 who we are.

00:28:00.720 --> 00:28:01.720
 That's what,

00:28:01.839 --> 00:28:02.700
 that's what

00:28:02.700 --> 00:28:03.240
 we are.

00:28:03.519 --> 00:28:04.039
 In other words,

00:28:04.200 --> 00:28:04.960
 our life

00:28:04.960 --> 00:28:05.899
 is lived

00:28:05.899 --> 00:28:07.039
 in relationship

00:28:07.039 --> 00:28:08.119
 to have been

00:28:08.119 --> 00:28:08.740
 created

00:28:08.740 --> 00:28:10.679
 for a purpose

00:28:10.679 --> 00:28:11.700
 and given

00:28:11.700 --> 00:28:12.500
 identity

00:28:12.500 --> 00:28:15.099
 in relationship

00:28:15.099 --> 00:28:16.519
 to God

00:28:16.519 --> 00:28:17.539
 who we

00:28:17.539 --> 00:28:18.799
 are seeing,

00:28:19.039 --> 00:28:19.619
 are meant

00:28:19.619 --> 00:28:20.000
 to see

00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:20.839
 as both

00:28:20.839 --> 00:28:21.720
 Lord over

00:28:21.720 --> 00:28:22.259
 us

00:28:22.259 --> 00:28:24.480
 but also

00:28:24.480 --> 00:28:25.980
 the one

00:28:25.980 --> 00:28:26.680
 who cares

00:28:26.680 --> 00:28:27.339
 for us.

00:28:28.940 --> 00:28:29.680
 That's the

00:28:29.680 --> 00:28:30.220
 distinctly

00:28:30.220 --> 00:28:31.220
 Christian view

00:28:31.220 --> 00:28:32.799
 of who we

00:28:32.799 --> 00:28:33.019
 are.

00:28:33.099 --> 00:28:33.680
 We can expound

00:28:33.680 --> 00:28:34.200
 on that

00:28:34.200 --> 00:28:35.819
 but that's

00:28:35.819 --> 00:28:36.200
 good enough

00:28:36.200 --> 00:28:36.940
 for right now.

00:28:37.019 --> 00:28:37.779
 So what's wrong

00:28:37.779 --> 00:28:38.339
 with us?

00:28:39.279 --> 00:28:40.039
 We're sinners.

00:28:40.240 --> 00:28:40.900
 We're sinners,

00:28:41.000 --> 00:28:41.259
 right?

00:28:41.259 --> 00:28:43.019
 Whatever that

00:28:43.019 --> 00:28:43.839
 is that we

00:28:43.839 --> 00:28:44.339
 were supposed

00:28:44.339 --> 00:28:46.200
 to enjoy

00:28:46.200 --> 00:28:46.779
 has been

00:28:46.779 --> 00:28:47.420
 marred.

00:28:49.039 --> 00:28:49.819
 What is

00:28:49.819 --> 00:28:50.259
 sin?

00:28:54.559 --> 00:28:55.279
 Disobedience.

00:28:56.099 --> 00:28:56.619
 Yet it

00:28:56.619 --> 00:28:57.259
 starts as

00:28:57.259 --> 00:28:58.359
 disobedience.

00:28:58.519 --> 00:28:58.839
 It's a

00:28:58.839 --> 00:28:59.700
 rejection

00:28:59.700 --> 00:29:02.140
 of God's

00:29:02.140 --> 00:29:02.720
 rightful

00:29:02.720 --> 00:29:03.440
 lordship

00:29:03.440 --> 00:29:04.779
 and his

00:29:04.779 --> 00:29:08.079
 loving,

00:29:08.420 --> 00:29:08.859
 gracious

00:29:08.859 --> 00:29:09.700
 provision

00:29:09.700 --> 00:29:10.440
 for us.

00:29:10.559 --> 00:29:11.059
 It's both.

00:29:11.140 --> 00:29:11.440
 You can't

00:29:11.440 --> 00:29:11.779
 just sort of

00:29:11.779 --> 00:29:12.460
 we reject

00:29:12.460 --> 00:29:13.039
 his lordship.

00:29:13.240 --> 00:29:13.840
 We're also

00:29:13.840 --> 00:29:14.720
 rejecting

00:29:14.720 --> 00:29:16.360
 his provision

00:29:16.360 --> 00:29:17.019
 for us

00:29:17.019 --> 00:29:18.240
 saying

00:29:18.240 --> 00:29:20.140
 we can

00:29:20.140 --> 00:29:20.720
 do it

00:29:20.720 --> 00:29:21.279
 on our

00:29:21.279 --> 00:29:21.580
 own.

00:29:21.799 --> 00:29:22.460
 We don't

00:29:22.460 --> 00:29:23.620
 need God.

00:29:26.319 --> 00:29:26.900
 So part of

00:29:26.900 --> 00:29:27.460
 the fundamental

00:29:27.460 --> 00:29:28.440
 problem is

00:29:28.440 --> 00:29:29.860
 a rejection

00:29:29.860 --> 00:29:31.000
 of who

00:29:31.000 --> 00:29:31.380
 we are

00:29:31.380 --> 00:29:31.920
 meant to

00:29:31.920 --> 00:29:32.620
 be and

00:29:32.620 --> 00:29:33.140
 how we're

00:29:33.140 --> 00:29:33.559
 meant to

00:29:33.559 --> 00:29:34.059
 live

00:29:34.059 --> 00:29:35.159
 in the

00:29:35.159 --> 00:29:35.819
 favor

00:29:35.819 --> 00:29:40.819
 and rather

00:29:40.819 --> 00:29:42.339
 to be

00:29:42.339 --> 00:29:43.539
 live for

00:29:43.539 --> 00:29:44.279
 ourselves

00:29:44.279 --> 00:29:45.159
 according to

00:29:45.159 --> 00:29:45.720
 our own

00:29:45.720 --> 00:29:46.379
 ways.

00:29:47.980 --> 00:29:49.899
 Romans 1 and 2

00:29:49.899 --> 00:29:50.720
 talk about that.

00:29:51.279 --> 00:29:51.720
 What does that

00:29:51.720 --> 00:29:52.119
 produce?

00:29:52.119 --> 00:29:52.139
 What does

00:29:52.140 --> 00:30:01.600
 God say to

00:30:01.600 --> 00:30:02.160
 Adam?

00:30:03.520 --> 00:30:03.820
 In a

00:30:03.820 --> 00:30:04.060
 nutshell.

00:30:05.259 --> 00:30:05.800
 Death?

00:30:06.180 --> 00:30:06.400
 Yeah.

00:30:06.400 --> 00:30:06.620
 Yeah.

00:30:07.259 --> 00:30:07.920
 Now you'll die.

00:30:08.500 --> 00:30:09.720
 Not just a

00:30:09.720 --> 00:30:10.259
 physical death.

00:30:11.540 --> 00:30:12.440
 Separation

00:30:12.440 --> 00:30:13.120
 from God.

00:30:14.780 --> 00:30:15.640
 Futility.

00:30:17.720 --> 00:30:18.540
 Ignorance.

00:30:18.880 --> 00:30:19.640
 Blindness.

00:30:19.640 --> 00:30:24.600
 Self-destruction.

00:30:26.860 --> 00:30:27.500
 Idolatry.

00:30:29.240 --> 00:30:30.140
 That's what's

00:30:30.140 --> 00:30:30.920
 wrong with us

00:30:30.920 --> 00:30:31.500
 according to

00:30:31.500 --> 00:30:32.020
 the Bible.

00:30:33.640 --> 00:30:34.660
 What should

00:30:34.660 --> 00:30:35.240
 be right

00:30:35.240 --> 00:30:35.800
 with us?

00:30:37.220 --> 00:30:38.060
 I'll answer

00:30:38.060 --> 00:30:38.420
 that one

00:30:38.420 --> 00:30:38.700
 quickly.

00:30:39.160 --> 00:30:39.540
 What should

00:30:39.540 --> 00:30:39.960
 be right

00:30:39.960 --> 00:30:40.400
 with us

00:30:40.400 --> 00:30:40.940
 is that

00:30:40.940 --> 00:30:41.520
 we have

00:30:41.520 --> 00:30:42.480
 a restored

00:30:42.480 --> 00:30:43.360
 relationship

00:30:43.360 --> 00:30:44.240
 with God.

00:30:44.920 --> 00:30:45.120
 That

00:30:45.120 --> 00:30:46.820
 whatever's

00:30:46.820 --> 00:30:47.240
 been made

00:30:47.240 --> 00:30:47.880
 wrong

00:30:47.880 --> 00:30:48.900
 gets made

00:30:48.900 --> 00:30:49.440
 right.

00:30:49.640 --> 00:30:54.560
 Cornelius

00:30:54.560 --> 00:30:54.980
 Plantinga

00:30:54.980 --> 00:30:55.420
 talks about

00:30:55.420 --> 00:30:55.740
 this in

00:30:55.740 --> 00:30:56.100
 terms of

00:30:56.100 --> 00:30:56.520
 shalom.

00:30:57.280 --> 00:30:57.800
 The right

00:30:57.800 --> 00:30:58.460
 standing in

00:30:58.460 --> 00:30:58.780
 the right

00:30:58.780 --> 00:30:59.540
 place is

00:30:59.540 --> 00:31:00.040
 peace.

00:31:00.160 --> 00:31:00.680
 Shalom.

00:31:02.520 --> 00:31:03.140
 Plantinga

00:31:03.140 --> 00:31:03.720
 defines it

00:31:03.720 --> 00:31:05.640
 as living

00:31:05.640 --> 00:31:06.420
 the way

00:31:06.420 --> 00:31:07.440
 things ought

00:31:07.440 --> 00:31:07.940
 to be.

00:31:09.340 --> 00:31:09.580
 God

00:31:09.580 --> 00:31:11.100
 created and

00:31:11.100 --> 00:31:11.680
 set something

00:31:11.680 --> 00:31:12.340
 up so that

00:31:12.340 --> 00:31:12.680
 we would

00:31:12.680 --> 00:31:13.360
 flourish.

00:31:14.880 --> 00:31:15.340
 And because

00:31:15.340 --> 00:31:15.880
 of sin we

00:31:15.880 --> 00:31:16.320
 no longer

00:31:16.320 --> 00:31:16.840
 flourish.

00:31:16.980 --> 00:31:17.280
 We live

00:31:17.280 --> 00:31:17.980
 in futility.

00:31:17.980 --> 00:31:19.339
 and so

00:31:19.339 --> 00:31:21.099
 we are

00:31:21.099 --> 00:31:22.079
 not living

00:31:22.079 --> 00:31:23.420
 in the

00:31:23.420 --> 00:31:24.000
 way things

00:31:24.000 --> 00:31:24.339
 ought to

00:31:24.339 --> 00:31:24.519
 be.

00:31:24.660 --> 00:31:24.900
 And so

00:31:24.900 --> 00:31:25.160
 the

00:31:25.160 --> 00:31:26.000
 restoration

00:31:26.000 --> 00:31:28.000
 that should

00:31:28.000 --> 00:31:28.480
 come to

00:31:28.480 --> 00:31:28.960
 us is

00:31:28.960 --> 00:31:29.279
 that we

00:31:29.279 --> 00:31:30.019
 return to

00:31:30.019 --> 00:31:30.500
 a place

00:31:30.500 --> 00:31:31.220
 of shalom.

00:31:32.019 --> 00:31:32.860
 A place

00:31:32.860 --> 00:31:33.339
 of peace

00:31:33.339 --> 00:31:33.960
 with God,

00:31:34.900 --> 00:31:35.799
 a peace

00:31:35.799 --> 00:31:36.120
 in our

00:31:36.120 --> 00:31:36.480
 soul,

00:31:37.059 --> 00:31:37.740
 and a peace

00:31:37.740 --> 00:31:38.000
 in our

00:31:38.000 --> 00:31:38.319
 world.

00:31:38.480 --> 00:31:38.980
 That's why I

00:31:38.980 --> 00:31:39.279
 wrote the

00:31:39.279 --> 00:31:39.500
 book

00:31:39.500 --> 00:31:40.120
 Peace.

00:31:40.120 --> 00:31:41.140
 Because I

00:31:41.140 --> 00:31:41.500
 wanted to

00:31:41.500 --> 00:31:42.180
 explore this

00:31:42.180 --> 00:31:42.799
 idea of what

00:31:42.799 --> 00:31:43.220
 does it mean

00:31:43.220 --> 00:31:43.620
 to be

00:31:43.620 --> 00:31:44.660
 reconciled to

00:31:44.660 --> 00:31:46.120
 God and

00:31:46.119 --> 00:31:46.779
 one another

00:31:46.779 --> 00:31:47.179
 and to

00:31:47.179 --> 00:31:47.779
 have peace

00:31:47.779 --> 00:31:48.259
 in a world

00:31:48.259 --> 00:31:49.339
 full of

00:31:49.339 --> 00:31:50.939
 strife.

00:31:51.039 --> 00:31:51.239
 What does

00:31:51.239 --> 00:31:51.579
 it mean to

00:31:51.579 --> 00:31:52.139
 have peace?

00:31:53.119 --> 00:31:53.839
 So that's

00:31:53.839 --> 00:31:55.339
 what should

00:31:55.339 --> 00:31:55.719
 be right

00:31:55.719 --> 00:31:56.099
 with us

00:31:56.099 --> 00:31:56.539
 and what

00:31:56.539 --> 00:31:56.859
 does it

00:31:56.859 --> 00:31:57.259
 take to

00:31:57.259 --> 00:31:57.639
 fix the

00:31:57.639 --> 00:31:57.979
 problem?

00:32:00.859 --> 00:32:01.419
 From a

00:32:01.419 --> 00:32:01.599
 biblical

00:32:01.599 --> 00:32:02.059
 perspective,

00:32:02.279 --> 00:32:02.959
 what fixes

00:32:02.959 --> 00:32:03.419
 the problem?

00:32:04.039 --> 00:32:04.439
 Jesus.

00:32:05.299 --> 00:32:06.099
 What about

00:32:06.099 --> 00:32:06.519
 Jesus?

00:32:06.919 --> 00:32:07.339
 Jesus

00:32:07.339 --> 00:32:08.799
 dying for

00:32:08.799 --> 00:32:09.139
 us.

00:32:09.299 --> 00:32:09.559
 Yes.

00:32:09.699 --> 00:32:09.919
 And what

00:32:09.919 --> 00:32:11.079
 is the

00:32:11.079 --> 00:32:11.439
 death?

00:32:11.519 --> 00:32:11.899
 Is it just

00:32:11.899 --> 00:32:12.279
 simply a

00:32:12.279 --> 00:32:12.519
 random

00:32:12.519 --> 00:32:12.979
 death?

00:32:14.039 --> 00:32:14.319
 The

00:32:14.319 --> 00:32:15.179
 death that

00:32:15.179 --> 00:32:15.679
 covers our

00:32:15.680 --> 00:32:15.920
 sins.

00:32:16.039 --> 00:32:16.259
 Yes.

00:32:16.440 --> 00:32:16.740
 It's an

00:32:16.740 --> 00:32:17.420
 atonement.

00:32:18.200 --> 00:32:18.620
 Our sins

00:32:18.620 --> 00:32:19.180
 need to be

00:32:19.180 --> 00:32:19.779
 dealt with.

00:32:19.940 --> 00:32:20.259
 They need to

00:32:20.259 --> 00:32:22.940
 be purged.

00:32:23.140 --> 00:32:23.680
 They need to

00:32:23.680 --> 00:32:24.519
 have them be

00:32:24.519 --> 00:32:25.380
 removed from

00:32:25.380 --> 00:32:26.039
 us so that

00:32:26.039 --> 00:32:26.580
 God can

00:32:26.580 --> 00:32:27.299
 relate to

00:32:27.299 --> 00:32:28.759
 us as if

00:32:28.759 --> 00:32:29.460
 we were not

00:32:29.460 --> 00:32:29.860
 sinners.

00:32:30.799 --> 00:32:31.279
 And he

00:32:31.279 --> 00:32:31.860
 sent the

00:32:31.860 --> 00:32:33.740
 Son as a

00:32:33.740 --> 00:32:34.360
 propitiation

00:32:34.360 --> 00:32:34.960
 for our

00:32:34.960 --> 00:32:35.740
 sins so

00:32:35.740 --> 00:32:36.360
 that we

00:32:36.360 --> 00:32:37.100
 might no

00:32:37.100 --> 00:32:38.360
 longer live

00:32:38.360 --> 00:32:40.519
 in

00:32:40.519 --> 00:32:41.140
 judgment

00:32:41.140 --> 00:32:42.620
 but live

00:32:42.620 --> 00:32:43.360
 not only

00:32:43.359 --> 00:32:45.139
 in

00:32:45.139 --> 00:32:45.919
 righteousness

00:32:45.919 --> 00:32:46.759
 but in

00:32:46.759 --> 00:32:47.339
 restored

00:32:47.339 --> 00:32:48.039
 relationship

00:32:48.039 --> 00:32:48.619
 and even

00:32:48.619 --> 00:32:49.259
 adoption

00:32:49.259 --> 00:32:52.619
 and new

00:32:52.619 --> 00:32:53.240
 relationship.

00:32:54.059 --> 00:32:54.319
 And so

00:32:54.319 --> 00:32:54.959
 in a sense

00:32:54.959 --> 00:32:55.839
 the

00:32:55.839 --> 00:32:56.259
 remedy of

00:32:56.259 --> 00:32:56.679
 the Bible

00:32:56.679 --> 00:32:57.779
 is the

00:32:57.779 --> 00:32:59.039
 latter will

00:32:59.039 --> 00:32:59.599
 be better

00:32:59.599 --> 00:33:00.099
 than the

00:33:00.099 --> 00:33:00.479
 former.

00:33:02.339 --> 00:33:02.659
 Because

00:33:02.659 --> 00:33:03.799
 ultimately

00:33:03.799 --> 00:33:04.399
 what we're

00:33:04.399 --> 00:33:04.740
 meant to

00:33:04.740 --> 00:33:05.159
 do is

00:33:05.159 --> 00:33:05.359
 in

00:33:05.359 --> 00:33:06.000
 eternity

00:33:06.000 --> 00:33:06.919
 have an

00:33:06.919 --> 00:33:07.599
 unbroken

00:33:07.599 --> 00:33:08.339
 relationship

00:33:08.339 --> 00:33:08.879
 with God.

00:33:08.880 --> 00:33:09.900
 and this

00:33:09.900 --> 00:33:10.780
 is crucial.

00:33:12.300 --> 00:33:13.040
 Christianity

00:33:13.040 --> 00:33:14.620
 the Bible

00:33:14.620 --> 00:33:16.220
 understands

00:33:16.220 --> 00:33:16.800
 that life

00:33:16.800 --> 00:33:17.320
 does not

00:33:17.320 --> 00:33:18.100
 end here.

00:33:19.040 --> 00:33:19.560
 That this

00:33:19.560 --> 00:33:20.080
 is a

00:33:20.080 --> 00:33:21.020
 continuation.

00:33:21.680 --> 00:33:22.000
 Death

00:33:22.000 --> 00:33:23.160
 moves us

00:33:23.160 --> 00:33:23.440
 in a

00:33:23.440 --> 00:33:23.940
 continuation

00:33:23.940 --> 00:33:24.940
 into another

00:33:24.940 --> 00:33:25.420
 state of

00:33:25.420 --> 00:33:25.980
 life which

00:33:25.980 --> 00:33:26.540
 is eternal

00:33:26.540 --> 00:33:27.700
 either

00:33:27.700 --> 00:33:28.580
 punishment

00:33:28.580 --> 00:33:30.040
 or eternal

00:33:30.040 --> 00:33:30.520
 blessing.

00:33:32.300 --> 00:33:33.080
 So that's

00:33:33.080 --> 00:33:34.200
 the way

00:33:34.200 --> 00:33:34.880
 the Bible

00:33:34.880 --> 00:33:36.040
 understands

00:33:36.040 --> 00:33:37.100
 anthropology.

00:33:37.099 --> 00:33:37.299
 anthropology.

00:33:40.279 --> 00:33:40.679
 So

00:33:40.679 --> 00:33:42.219
 you've got

00:33:42.219 --> 00:33:42.839
 that and

00:33:42.839 --> 00:33:43.259
 what I want

00:33:43.259 --> 00:33:43.659
 you to do

00:33:43.659 --> 00:33:43.980
 is we're

00:33:43.980 --> 00:33:44.039
 going to

00:33:44.039 --> 00:33:44.299
 look at

00:33:44.299 --> 00:33:45.000
 three different

00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:45.559
 ways to

00:33:45.559 --> 00:33:46.000
 understand

00:33:46.000 --> 00:33:46.639
 anthropology

00:33:46.639 --> 00:33:48.159
 and how

00:33:48.159 --> 00:33:48.619
 they differ

00:33:48.619 --> 00:33:48.959
 from the

00:33:48.959 --> 00:33:49.339
 Bible and

00:33:49.339 --> 00:33:49.779
 how these

00:33:49.779 --> 00:33:50.319
 make up

00:33:50.319 --> 00:33:50.459
 the

00:33:50.459 --> 00:33:50.879
 psychological

00:33:50.879 --> 00:33:51.319
 worldview.

00:33:52.240 --> 00:33:52.859
 So we're

00:33:52.859 --> 00:33:52.919
 going to

00:33:52.919 --> 00:33:53.119
 do a

00:33:53.119 --> 00:33:53.279
 little bit

00:33:53.279 --> 00:33:53.659
 of history

00:33:53.659 --> 00:33:54.219
 trying to

00:33:54.219 --> 00:33:54.439
 go through

00:33:54.439 --> 00:33:54.740
 this pretty

00:33:54.740 --> 00:33:55.039
 quickly.

00:33:56.159 --> 00:33:56.879
 The rise

00:33:56.879 --> 00:33:57.259
 of modern

00:33:57.259 --> 00:33:58.319
 psychological

00:33:58.319 --> 00:33:59.319
 theories of

00:33:59.319 --> 00:33:59.959
 human behavior

00:33:59.959 --> 00:34:00.519
 occurred in

00:34:00.519 --> 00:34:00.939
 the mid to

00:34:00.939 --> 00:34:01.699
 late 19th

00:34:01.699 --> 00:34:02.059
 century.

00:34:02.879 --> 00:34:03.339
 Prior to

00:34:03.339 --> 00:34:03.699
 the 19th

00:34:03.699 --> 00:34:04.419
 century most

00:34:04.419 --> 00:34:06.339
 work was

00:34:06.339 --> 00:34:07.079
 done through

00:34:07.079 --> 00:34:07.759
 a spiritual

00:34:07.759 --> 00:34:08.279
 lens or

00:34:08.279 --> 00:34:08.759
 understood through

00:34:08.759 --> 00:34:09.199
 a spiritual

00:34:09.199 --> 00:34:09.779
 lens or

00:34:09.779 --> 00:34:10.900
 through a

00:34:10.900 --> 00:34:11.460
 rudimentary

00:34:11.460 --> 00:34:12.440
 medical lens.

00:34:12.980 --> 00:34:13.759
 But changes

00:34:13.759 --> 00:34:14.279
 brought about

00:34:14.279 --> 00:34:14.619
 by the

00:34:14.619 --> 00:34:15.179
 enlightenment

00:34:15.179 --> 00:34:15.940
 and the

00:34:15.940 --> 00:34:16.239
 scientific

00:34:16.239 --> 00:34:16.860
 revolution

00:34:16.860 --> 00:34:17.639
 created an

00:34:17.639 --> 00:34:18.239
 environment

00:34:18.239 --> 00:34:19.299
 out of which

00:34:19.299 --> 00:34:19.779
 the psychological

00:34:19.779 --> 00:34:21.420
 culture developed.

00:34:21.659 --> 00:34:22.099
 Humanistic

00:34:22.099 --> 00:34:22.960
 philosophy and

00:34:22.960 --> 00:34:23.319
 culture,

00:34:23.819 --> 00:34:24.099
 cultural

00:34:24.099 --> 00:34:24.860
 modernism

00:34:24.860 --> 00:34:25.579
 create an

00:34:25.579 --> 00:34:26.019
 alternative

00:34:26.019 --> 00:34:26.679
 understanding

00:34:26.679 --> 00:34:27.059
 of the soul.

00:34:27.420 --> 00:34:27.799
 So what

00:34:27.799 --> 00:34:29.059
 is the

00:34:29.059 --> 00:34:29.559
 primal

00:34:29.559 --> 00:34:29.940
 goo

00:34:29.940 --> 00:34:30.980
 of

00:34:30.980 --> 00:34:31.639
 psychology?

00:34:33.480 --> 00:34:33.819
 Well,

00:34:34.079 --> 00:34:34.679
 several factors.

00:34:35.179 --> 00:34:35.539
 Religious

00:34:35.539 --> 00:34:36.500
 liberalism and

00:34:36.500 --> 00:34:36.759
 higher

00:34:36.759 --> 00:34:38.699
 criticism was

00:34:38.699 --> 00:34:39.279
 an attack on

00:34:39.279 --> 00:34:39.900
 the veracity

00:34:39.900 --> 00:34:40.800
 of the

00:34:40.800 --> 00:34:42.079
 Bible and

00:34:42.079 --> 00:34:42.219
 the

00:34:42.219 --> 00:34:43.019
 orthodox

00:34:43.019 --> 00:34:43.559
 Christianity

00:34:43.559 --> 00:34:43.960
 in the

00:34:43.960 --> 00:34:44.279
 academy.

00:34:44.279 --> 00:34:45.820
 So at the

00:34:45.820 --> 00:34:46.779
 upper end of

00:34:46.779 --> 00:34:47.900
 philosophy and

00:34:47.900 --> 00:34:50.659
 theology, the

00:34:50.659 --> 00:34:51.559
 Bible was set

00:34:51.559 --> 00:34:52.659
 aside in favor

00:34:52.659 --> 00:34:53.739
 of rationalism.

00:34:55.659 --> 00:34:56.960
 That results in

00:34:56.960 --> 00:34:57.639
 sort of a

00:34:57.639 --> 00:34:58.440
 rationalistic

00:34:58.440 --> 00:34:59.360
 scientific

00:34:59.360 --> 00:35:00.360
 empiricism.

00:35:01.079 --> 00:35:01.900
 Truth is not

00:35:01.900 --> 00:35:02.699
 transcendent.

00:35:02.699 --> 00:35:05.819
 it must be

00:35:05.819 --> 00:35:06.679
 reasoned out.

00:35:07.500 --> 00:35:07.899
 A lot of

00:35:07.899 --> 00:35:08.339
 what I'm doing

00:35:08.339 --> 00:35:09.339
 in studying

00:35:09.339 --> 00:35:10.079
 religious liberty

00:35:10.079 --> 00:35:10.819
 is how that

00:35:10.819 --> 00:35:11.599
 played out in

00:35:11.599 --> 00:35:13.539
 the colonial

00:35:13.539 --> 00:35:14.079
 revolutionary

00:35:14.079 --> 00:35:14.659
 periods in

00:35:14.659 --> 00:35:15.139
 this country

00:35:15.139 --> 00:35:16.779
 and what

00:35:16.779 --> 00:35:17.460
 were the

00:35:17.460 --> 00:35:19.139
 what was the

00:35:19.139 --> 00:35:20.179
 thinking about

00:35:20.179 --> 00:35:21.739
 God that

00:35:21.739 --> 00:35:22.500
 was going on?

00:35:22.559 --> 00:35:22.779
 What was

00:35:22.779 --> 00:35:23.299
 changing?

00:35:24.879 --> 00:35:25.719
 We know

00:35:25.719 --> 00:35:26.659
 that up here

00:35:26.659 --> 00:35:26.899
 in New

00:35:26.899 --> 00:35:27.179
 England,

00:35:27.939 --> 00:35:28.199
 what would

00:35:28.199 --> 00:35:28.480
 have been

00:35:28.480 --> 00:35:29.179
 orthodox

00:35:29.179 --> 00:35:29.879
 Puritan

00:35:29.879 --> 00:35:31.119
 Calvinistic

00:35:31.119 --> 00:35:31.559
 Christianity

00:35:31.559 --> 00:35:32.059
 was giving

00:35:32.059 --> 00:35:33.519
 way to

00:35:33.519 --> 00:35:34.579
 all manner

00:35:34.579 --> 00:35:35.699
 of deistic

00:35:35.699 --> 00:35:36.440
 and unitarian

00:35:36.440 --> 00:35:37.099
 tendencies

00:35:37.099 --> 00:35:38.179
 which prevail

00:35:38.179 --> 00:35:38.779
 to this day.

00:35:41.179 --> 00:35:42.159
 Truth is not

00:35:42.159 --> 00:35:42.859
 transcendent.

00:35:42.960 --> 00:35:43.359
 It must be

00:35:43.359 --> 00:35:43.960
 reasoned out.

00:35:45.019 --> 00:35:45.639
 Romanticism

00:35:45.639 --> 00:35:49.559
 in a response

00:35:49.559 --> 00:35:50.059
 to really

00:35:50.059 --> 00:35:50.960
 what happened

00:35:50.960 --> 00:35:51.460
 in the French

00:35:51.460 --> 00:35:51.960
 Revolution

00:35:51.960 --> 00:35:52.759
 when the

00:35:52.759 --> 00:35:53.299
 Enlightenment

00:35:53.299 --> 00:35:53.659
 kind of

00:35:53.659 --> 00:35:54.380
 project blew

00:35:54.380 --> 00:35:54.779
 up,

00:35:56.159 --> 00:35:57.420
 the reaction

00:35:57.420 --> 00:35:58.659
 was romanticism.

00:35:59.259 --> 00:35:59.759
 Rather than

00:35:59.760 --> 00:36:00.240
 going from

00:36:00.240 --> 00:36:00.940
 we have

00:36:00.940 --> 00:36:04.240
 an academy

00:36:04.240 --> 00:36:04.780
 of pure

00:36:04.780 --> 00:36:05.260
 reason

00:36:05.260 --> 00:36:05.600
 that we

00:36:05.600 --> 00:36:06.360
 appeal to,

00:36:07.200 --> 00:36:08.160
 now we

00:36:08.160 --> 00:36:08.460
 go the

00:36:08.460 --> 00:36:08.780
 opposite

00:36:08.780 --> 00:36:09.160
 direction

00:36:09.160 --> 00:36:09.680
 saying no,

00:36:09.780 --> 00:36:10.140
 what you

00:36:10.140 --> 00:36:10.940
 feel is

00:36:10.940 --> 00:36:11.480
 what happened.

00:36:12.580 --> 00:36:13.480
 So romanticism

00:36:13.480 --> 00:36:14.840
 as a period

00:36:14.840 --> 00:36:15.540
 is what

00:36:15.540 --> 00:36:16.140
 feels.

00:36:16.440 --> 00:36:17.280
 It has to

00:36:17.280 --> 00:36:17.580
 do with

00:36:17.580 --> 00:36:18.000
 what the

00:36:18.000 --> 00:36:19.300
 human

00:36:19.300 --> 00:36:20.880
 experience

00:36:20.880 --> 00:36:21.760
 and impulse

00:36:21.760 --> 00:36:23.440
 is

00:36:23.440 --> 00:36:25.300
 where

00:36:25.300 --> 00:36:25.920
 romanticism

00:36:25.920 --> 00:36:26.100
 comes.

00:36:26.140 --> 00:36:26.420
 So you

00:36:26.420 --> 00:36:26.860
 get this

00:36:26.860 --> 00:36:27.400
 idea that

00:36:27.400 --> 00:36:27.700
 what's

00:36:27.700 --> 00:36:28.619
 inside of

00:36:28.619 --> 00:36:28.860
 me

00:36:28.860 --> 00:36:29.860
 is what

00:36:29.860 --> 00:36:30.160
 really

00:36:30.160 --> 00:36:30.740
 matters.

00:36:31.780 --> 00:36:32.079
 You have

00:36:32.079 --> 00:36:32.820
 Darwinian

00:36:32.820 --> 00:36:33.860
 anthropology.

00:36:34.139 --> 00:36:34.780
 Every human

00:36:34.780 --> 00:36:35.400
 experience

00:36:35.400 --> 00:36:35.780
 can be

00:36:35.780 --> 00:36:36.160
 understood

00:36:36.160 --> 00:36:36.980
 in purely

00:36:36.980 --> 00:36:38.420
 rationalistic

00:36:38.420 --> 00:36:38.860
 terms.

00:36:39.420 --> 00:36:39.680
 Darwin

00:36:39.680 --> 00:36:40.119
 says,

00:36:40.960 --> 00:36:41.980
 man with

00:36:41.980 --> 00:36:42.380
 all his

00:36:42.380 --> 00:36:43.280
 noble qualities,

00:36:43.519 --> 00:36:44.139
 with sympathy

00:36:44.139 --> 00:36:45.039
 which feels

00:36:45.039 --> 00:36:46.059
 for the most

00:36:46.059 --> 00:36:46.680
 debased,

00:36:46.880 --> 00:36:47.559
 with benevolence

00:36:47.559 --> 00:36:48.180
 which extends

00:36:48.180 --> 00:36:48.780
 not only to

00:36:48.780 --> 00:36:49.400
 other men

00:36:49.400 --> 00:36:49.920
 but to

00:36:49.920 --> 00:36:51.139
 the humblest

00:36:51.139 --> 00:36:51.900
 living creature,

00:36:52.460 --> 00:36:52.940
 with his

00:36:52.940 --> 00:36:53.700
 godlike

00:36:53.700 --> 00:36:54.180
 intellect

00:36:54.180 --> 00:36:55.160
 which has

00:36:55.160 --> 00:36:56.039
 penetrated

00:36:56.039 --> 00:36:56.679
 into the

00:36:56.679 --> 00:36:57.179
 movements

00:36:57.179 --> 00:36:57.900
 and

00:36:57.900 --> 00:36:58.539
 constitution

00:36:58.539 --> 00:36:58.940
 of the

00:36:58.940 --> 00:36:59.179
 solar

00:36:59.179 --> 00:36:59.559
 system,

00:36:59.659 --> 00:36:59.880
 kind of

00:36:59.880 --> 00:37:00.360
 overstatement

00:37:00.360 --> 00:37:00.699
 there at

00:37:00.699 --> 00:37:01.159
 that time,

00:37:02.059 --> 00:37:02.579
 with all

00:37:02.579 --> 00:37:03.300
 these exalted

00:37:03.300 --> 00:37:03.900
 powers,

00:37:04.099 --> 00:37:04.800
 man still

00:37:04.800 --> 00:37:05.559
 bears in

00:37:05.559 --> 00:37:06.119
 his bodily

00:37:06.119 --> 00:37:06.880
 frame the

00:37:06.880 --> 00:37:07.500
 indelible

00:37:07.500 --> 00:37:08.259
 stamp of

00:37:08.259 --> 00:37:08.779
 his lowly

00:37:08.779 --> 00:37:09.239
 origin.

00:37:10.099 --> 00:37:11.139
 That is

00:37:11.139 --> 00:37:12.139
 Darwin's

00:37:12.139 --> 00:37:12.940
 anthropology.

00:37:14.259 --> 00:37:14.920
 Karl Marx,

00:37:15.019 --> 00:37:15.480
 Marxian

00:37:15.480 --> 00:37:17.099
 materialism,

00:37:18.019 --> 00:37:18.559
 when I was

00:37:18.559 --> 00:37:18.880
 in college,

00:37:19.000 --> 00:37:19.360
 that was my

00:37:19.360 --> 00:37:20.219
 field of

00:37:20.219 --> 00:37:20.460
 study,

00:37:20.539 --> 00:37:20.840
 I was a

00:37:20.840 --> 00:37:21.340
 Marxist,

00:37:21.840 --> 00:37:22.139
 and I

00:37:22.139 --> 00:37:22.420
 studied

00:37:22.420 --> 00:37:22.940
 Marxism

00:37:22.940 --> 00:37:23.320
 as my,

00:37:23.639 --> 00:37:24.219
 that was my,

00:37:24.219 --> 00:37:24.860
 that was my,

00:37:24.860 --> 00:37:26.140
 essentially

00:37:26.140 --> 00:37:26.660
 studying my

00:37:26.660 --> 00:37:26.960
 degree.

00:37:29.740 --> 00:37:30.260
 Human

00:37:30.260 --> 00:37:30.880
 problems are

00:37:30.880 --> 00:37:31.519
 not internal,

00:37:32.019 --> 00:37:32.880
 they're entirely

00:37:32.880 --> 00:37:33.480
 external,

00:37:33.700 --> 00:37:33.920
 and they

00:37:33.920 --> 00:37:34.559
 come from

00:37:34.559 --> 00:37:35.240
 alienated

00:37:35.240 --> 00:37:35.800
 social

00:37:35.800 --> 00:37:37.059
 existence.

00:37:38.400 --> 00:37:38.599
 And so

00:37:38.599 --> 00:37:39.059
 Marx is

00:37:39.059 --> 00:37:39.460
 well known

00:37:39.460 --> 00:37:39.900
 for saying

00:37:39.900 --> 00:37:40.620
 religion is

00:37:40.620 --> 00:37:41.280
 the sigh

00:37:41.280 --> 00:37:41.880
 of the

00:37:41.880 --> 00:37:42.340
 oppressed

00:37:42.340 --> 00:37:42.880
 creature,

00:37:43.380 --> 00:37:44.200
 the heart

00:37:44.200 --> 00:37:44.539
 of a

00:37:44.539 --> 00:37:44.900
 heartless

00:37:44.900 --> 00:37:45.360
 world,

00:37:45.500 --> 00:37:45.800
 and the

00:37:45.800 --> 00:37:46.360
 soul of

00:37:46.360 --> 00:37:46.800
 the soulless

00:37:46.800 --> 00:37:47.360
 conditions

00:37:47.360 --> 00:37:48.559
 is the

00:37:48.559 --> 00:37:49.079
 opium

00:37:49.079 --> 00:37:49.480
 of the

00:37:49.480 --> 00:37:49.820
 people.

00:37:51.099 --> 00:37:51.360
 And then

00:37:51.360 --> 00:37:51.840
 humanist

00:37:51.840 --> 00:37:52.519
 spirituality,

00:37:52.720 --> 00:37:52.980
 William

00:37:52.980 --> 00:37:53.579
 James,

00:37:54.619 --> 00:37:55.760
 not very

00:37:55.760 --> 00:37:56.320
 familiar these

00:37:56.320 --> 00:37:57.539
 days as a

00:37:57.539 --> 00:37:57.920
 name,

00:37:58.019 --> 00:37:58.400
 but actually

00:37:58.400 --> 00:37:58.900
 is very

00:37:58.900 --> 00:37:59.679
 prominent in

00:37:59.679 --> 00:38:00.079
 terms of

00:38:00.079 --> 00:38:00.519
 conceptual

00:38:00.519 --> 00:38:01.900
 ideas these

00:38:01.900 --> 00:38:02.199
 days.

00:38:02.780 --> 00:38:03.380
 Belief,

00:38:03.539 --> 00:38:03.960
 see if this

00:38:03.960 --> 00:38:05.360
 doesn't resonate

00:38:05.360 --> 00:38:05.980
 with anybody

00:38:05.980 --> 00:38:06.559
 you know,

00:38:07.420 --> 00:38:08.619
 belief is a

00:38:08.619 --> 00:38:09.699
 valid human

00:38:09.699 --> 00:38:10.820
 experience that

00:38:10.820 --> 00:38:11.320
 has no

00:38:11.320 --> 00:38:12.260
 quantifiable

00:38:12.260 --> 00:38:13.840
 relationship to

00:38:13.840 --> 00:38:14.500
 the existence

00:38:14.500 --> 00:38:15.280
 of God.

00:38:16.139 --> 00:38:16.920
 So it's

00:38:16.920 --> 00:38:17.619
 important for

00:38:17.619 --> 00:38:18.159
 you to have

00:38:18.159 --> 00:38:19.300
 belief in

00:38:19.300 --> 00:38:19.880
 something,

00:38:20.659 --> 00:38:21.159
 but it

00:38:21.159 --> 00:38:21.820
 doesn't have

00:38:21.820 --> 00:38:22.480
 to be God.

00:38:22.980 --> 00:38:29.079
 James says,

00:38:29.619 --> 00:38:30.400
 religion is

00:38:30.400 --> 00:38:31.119
 the feelings,

00:38:31.340 --> 00:38:31.900
 acts, and

00:38:31.900 --> 00:38:32.679
 experience of

00:38:32.679 --> 00:38:33.579
 individual men

00:38:33.579 --> 00:38:34.139
 or women

00:38:34.139 --> 00:38:35.559
 in their

00:38:35.559 --> 00:38:36.699
 solitude so

00:38:36.699 --> 00:38:37.380
 far as they

00:38:37.380 --> 00:38:37.940
 apprehend

00:38:37.940 --> 00:38:38.679
 themselves to

00:38:38.679 --> 00:38:39.079
 stand in

00:38:39.079 --> 00:38:39.740
 relation to

00:38:39.740 --> 00:38:40.500
 whatever they

00:38:40.500 --> 00:38:41.199
 may consider

00:38:41.199 --> 00:38:41.860
 the divine.

00:38:42.179 --> 00:38:42.539
 Does that

00:38:42.539 --> 00:38:44.840
 sound pretty

00:38:44.840 --> 00:38:45.179
 current?

00:38:46.320 --> 00:38:46.460
 Yeah.

00:38:47.659 --> 00:38:48.019
 So William

00:38:48.019 --> 00:38:48.579
 James kind

00:38:48.579 --> 00:38:49.059
 of fell out

00:38:49.059 --> 00:38:50.159
 into disfavor,

00:38:50.740 --> 00:38:51.500
 but now

00:38:51.500 --> 00:38:52.280
 essentially,

00:38:52.280 --> 00:38:53.360
 and that's

00:38:53.360 --> 00:38:53.720
 what really

00:38:53.720 --> 00:38:54.320
 broke me

00:38:54.320 --> 00:38:54.760
 away from

00:38:54.760 --> 00:38:55.340
 my final

00:38:55.340 --> 00:38:56.140
 moorings as

00:38:56.140 --> 00:38:56.680
 a Christian

00:38:56.680 --> 00:38:57.860
 or growing

00:38:57.860 --> 00:38:58.260
 up in the

00:38:58.260 --> 00:38:58.760
 church was

00:38:58.760 --> 00:38:59.420
 William James,

00:38:59.500 --> 00:39:00.000
 reading William

00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:01.080
 James and

00:39:01.080 --> 00:39:02.240
 realizing I

00:39:02.240 --> 00:39:02.980
 don't need,

00:39:03.360 --> 00:39:04.120
 I can just

00:39:04.120 --> 00:39:05.060
 have belief in

00:39:05.060 --> 00:39:05.360
 whatever.

00:39:05.640 --> 00:39:06.120
 I'm reading a

00:39:06.120 --> 00:39:06.760
 book right now

00:39:06.760 --> 00:39:08.740
 on hope and

00:39:08.740 --> 00:39:09.420
 it's actually a

00:39:09.420 --> 00:39:10.019
 secular book,

00:39:10.519 --> 00:39:11.760
 but the underlying

00:39:11.760 --> 00:39:12.340
 of the book is

00:39:12.340 --> 00:39:14.440
 hope is not,

00:39:14.600 --> 00:39:14.920
 it doesn't have

00:39:14.920 --> 00:39:15.620
 to be anything

00:39:15.619 --> 00:39:16.259
 in particular,

00:39:16.259 --> 00:39:18.019
 it's a set of

00:39:18.019 --> 00:39:18.900
 thinking about

00:39:18.900 --> 00:39:19.559
 yourself,

00:39:19.679 --> 00:39:20.299
 you can hope

00:39:20.299 --> 00:39:21.099
 in yourself,

00:39:22.199 --> 00:39:23.739
 and that's

00:39:23.739 --> 00:39:24.339
 true hope,

00:39:24.679 --> 00:39:25.719
 that's William

00:39:25.719 --> 00:39:26.099
 James.

00:39:27.599 --> 00:39:28.480
 Here's the key,

00:39:28.599 --> 00:39:29.079
 all these

00:39:29.079 --> 00:39:30.480
 philosophies have

00:39:30.480 --> 00:39:31.119
 as a starting

00:39:31.119 --> 00:39:31.739
 point the

00:39:31.739 --> 00:39:33.019
 denial of a

00:39:33.019 --> 00:39:34.299
 transcendent God,

00:39:35.380 --> 00:39:36.940
 all current

00:39:36.940 --> 00:39:38.019
 theories and

00:39:38.019 --> 00:39:39.259
 methodologies flow

00:39:39.259 --> 00:39:39.819
 out of some

00:39:39.819 --> 00:39:41.099
 combination of

00:39:41.099 --> 00:39:42.159
 these anthropologies,

00:39:42.159 --> 00:39:43.139
 so I gave you

00:39:43.139 --> 00:39:43.839
 those briefly

00:39:43.839 --> 00:39:44.940
 because that's

00:39:44.940 --> 00:39:45.440
 the primal

00:39:45.440 --> 00:39:45.639
 goo,

00:39:45.759 --> 00:39:47.019
 that's the

00:39:47.019 --> 00:39:48.199
 philosophical

00:39:48.199 --> 00:39:49.500
 underpinnings of

00:39:49.500 --> 00:39:50.460
 all psychological

00:39:50.460 --> 00:39:53.460
 thinking in the

00:39:53.460 --> 00:39:54.039
 Western culture.

00:39:54.699 --> 00:39:55.159
 So the three

00:39:55.159 --> 00:39:55.879
 basic theories

00:39:55.879 --> 00:39:56.379
 coming out of

00:39:56.379 --> 00:39:57.579
 those philosophies,

00:39:57.679 --> 00:39:58.139
 three basic

00:39:58.139 --> 00:39:58.619
 theories,

00:39:59.539 --> 00:40:01.279
 I'm using

00:40:01.279 --> 00:40:02.940
 three because

00:40:02.940 --> 00:40:04.079
 I'm trying to

00:40:04.079 --> 00:40:04.519
 kind of keep

00:40:04.519 --> 00:40:04.639
 it,

00:40:04.699 --> 00:40:05.420
 there's probably

00:40:05.420 --> 00:40:10.480
 650 different

00:40:10.480 --> 00:40:12.039
 psychological

00:40:12.039 --> 00:40:13.460
 theories currently

00:40:13.460 --> 00:40:14.019
 in operation

00:40:14.019 --> 00:40:14.519
 right now,

00:40:14.900 --> 00:40:15.820
 and they're

00:40:15.820 --> 00:40:16.739
 all contradictory,

00:40:17.539 --> 00:40:18.320
 but in one

00:40:18.320 --> 00:40:18.759
 way or the

00:40:18.759 --> 00:40:19.039
 other,

00:40:19.179 --> 00:40:20.079
 they fit into

00:40:20.079 --> 00:40:20.619
 one of these

00:40:20.619 --> 00:40:21.179
 three camps,

00:40:21.239 --> 00:40:22.039
 so in order to

00:40:22.039 --> 00:40:22.800
 break it down

00:40:22.800 --> 00:40:23.460
 to this level,

00:40:24.219 --> 00:40:25.579
 there's overlapping,

00:40:25.739 --> 00:40:26.300
 so I don't want

00:40:26.300 --> 00:40:27.699
 to oversimplify it,

00:40:27.739 --> 00:40:28.259
 but it's important

00:40:28.259 --> 00:40:29.099
 to recognize that

00:40:29.099 --> 00:40:30.420
 these three kind

00:40:30.420 --> 00:40:32.500
 of schools have

00:40:32.500 --> 00:40:34.960
 retained relevance

00:40:34.960 --> 00:40:37.039
 up to this day.

00:40:38.480 --> 00:40:39.320
 So the first

00:40:39.320 --> 00:40:39.860
 one I would call

00:40:39.860 --> 00:40:40.820
 the psychobiology

00:40:40.820 --> 00:40:41.059
 field,

00:40:41.059 --> 00:40:41.699
 these are kind

00:40:41.699 --> 00:40:42.480
 of in

00:40:42.480 --> 00:40:43.500
 historical order,

00:40:44.559 --> 00:40:45.559
 the psychobiology

00:40:45.559 --> 00:40:45.980
 field,

00:40:46.559 --> 00:40:47.480
 in that field

00:40:47.480 --> 00:40:48.880
 our problems

00:40:48.880 --> 00:40:49.960
 are physically

00:40:49.960 --> 00:40:51.139
 a part of us

00:40:51.139 --> 00:40:52.440
 and must be

00:40:52.440 --> 00:40:53.460
 alleviated by

00:40:53.460 --> 00:40:54.019
 externally

00:40:54.019 --> 00:40:54.719
 administered

00:40:54.719 --> 00:40:55.340
 treatment.

00:40:57.559 --> 00:40:58.699
 Modern psychology

00:40:58.699 --> 00:40:59.480
 began in the

00:40:59.480 --> 00:41:00.360
 field of medicine,

00:41:01.480 --> 00:41:02.159
 biological

00:41:02.159 --> 00:41:03.099
 connection of

00:41:03.099 --> 00:41:04.039
 character and

00:41:04.039 --> 00:41:04.579
 mental health

00:41:04.579 --> 00:41:05.059
 has a long

00:41:05.059 --> 00:41:05.500
 history,

00:41:05.500 --> 00:41:05.599
 theory.

00:41:10.400 --> 00:41:11.360
 My brain

00:41:11.360 --> 00:41:11.739
 theories,

00:41:11.880 --> 00:41:13.239
 even in the

00:41:13.239 --> 00:41:13.940
 1800s,

00:41:13.940 --> 00:41:14.559
 are popular.

00:41:15.119 --> 00:41:15.619
 The insane

00:41:15.619 --> 00:41:16.280
 asylum gives

00:41:16.280 --> 00:41:16.900
 way to the

00:41:16.900 --> 00:41:17.360
 psychiatric

00:41:17.360 --> 00:41:18.219
 hospital.

00:41:18.219 --> 00:41:22.819
 field is

00:41:22.819 --> 00:41:23.599
 developed in

00:41:23.599 --> 00:41:24.039
 sort of a

00:41:24.039 --> 00:41:24.339
 linear

00:41:24.339 --> 00:41:25.199
 progression.

00:41:26.359 --> 00:41:27.039
 As

00:41:27.039 --> 00:41:27.959
 different

00:41:27.959 --> 00:41:28.799
 medical advances

00:41:28.799 --> 00:41:29.259
 happen,

00:41:29.399 --> 00:41:29.939
 they're applied

00:41:29.939 --> 00:41:30.459
 in various

00:41:30.459 --> 00:41:31.139
 different ways

00:41:31.139 --> 00:41:32.000
 to

00:41:32.000 --> 00:41:33.099
 psychological

00:41:33.099 --> 00:41:34.139
 conditions,

00:41:35.719 --> 00:41:36.399
 diagnostic

00:41:36.399 --> 00:41:37.079
 technology,

00:41:37.259 --> 00:41:37.980
 medical research,

00:41:38.139 --> 00:41:38.919
 pharmacology.

00:41:40.419 --> 00:41:40.799
 In its

00:41:40.799 --> 00:41:41.139
 contemporary

00:41:41.139 --> 00:41:41.679
 expression,

00:41:41.879 --> 00:41:42.759
 the psychobiology

00:41:42.759 --> 00:41:43.839
 field is dominated

00:41:43.840 --> 00:41:45.059
 by pharmacology.

00:41:49.980 --> 00:41:50.620
 Psychobiology

00:41:50.620 --> 00:41:51.300
 field has

00:41:51.300 --> 00:41:51.559
 become

00:41:51.559 --> 00:41:52.380
 intertwined

00:41:52.380 --> 00:41:52.780
 with the

00:41:52.780 --> 00:41:53.280
 pharmaceutical

00:41:53.280 --> 00:41:54.500
 industry

00:41:54.500 --> 00:41:55.960
 and the

00:41:55.960 --> 00:41:56.500
 insurance

00:41:56.500 --> 00:41:56.900
 field.

00:41:57.280 --> 00:41:57.860
 They work

00:41:57.860 --> 00:41:59.100
 together in

00:41:59.100 --> 00:42:00.559
 our current

00:42:00.559 --> 00:42:02.200
 culture in

00:42:02.200 --> 00:42:02.620
 a way that's

00:42:02.620 --> 00:42:03.180
 created the

00:42:03.180 --> 00:42:04.039
 medical model

00:42:04.039 --> 00:42:04.720
 approach to

00:42:04.720 --> 00:42:05.240
 psychological

00:42:05.240 --> 00:42:05.559
 care.

00:42:05.620 --> 00:42:06.059
 We can talk

00:42:06.059 --> 00:42:06.519
 about that if

00:42:06.519 --> 00:42:06.840
 you want.

00:42:08.100 --> 00:42:09.480
 The reason

00:42:09.480 --> 00:42:09.920
 it's been

00:42:09.920 --> 00:42:10.920
 prominent is

00:42:10.920 --> 00:42:12.980
 because of

00:42:12.980 --> 00:42:14.780
 what medicine

00:42:14.780 --> 00:42:15.260
 can do,

00:42:15.780 --> 00:42:16.480
 what insurance

00:42:16.480 --> 00:42:17.159
 will pay for,

00:42:17.579 --> 00:42:18.440
 and what

00:42:18.440 --> 00:42:19.619
 pharmaceutical

00:42:19.619 --> 00:42:21.059
 companies are

00:42:21.059 --> 00:42:21.460
 willing to

00:42:21.460 --> 00:42:21.900
 produce,

00:42:22.039 --> 00:42:22.440
 able to

00:42:22.440 --> 00:42:22.820
 produce.

00:42:23.440 --> 00:42:24.699
 Those drive

00:42:24.699 --> 00:42:26.980
 the medical

00:42:26.980 --> 00:42:27.400
 model.

00:42:28.240 --> 00:42:28.740
 So what does

00:42:28.740 --> 00:42:29.119
 it say?

00:42:29.400 --> 00:42:30.260
 Who are we?

00:42:31.079 --> 00:42:31.659
 According to

00:42:31.659 --> 00:42:32.079
 the medical

00:42:32.079 --> 00:42:32.400
 model,

00:42:32.519 --> 00:42:32.820
 according to

00:42:32.820 --> 00:42:33.639
 the psychobiology

00:42:33.639 --> 00:42:33.980
 model,

00:42:34.059 --> 00:42:34.699
 who are we?

00:42:36.340 --> 00:42:36.960
 This is the

00:42:36.960 --> 00:42:37.260
 way I would

00:42:37.260 --> 00:42:37.659
 say it.

00:42:38.800 --> 00:42:39.340
 If you're

00:42:39.340 --> 00:42:39.800
 taking notes,

00:42:39.860 --> 00:42:40.000
 you don't

00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:40.420
 have to take

00:42:40.420 --> 00:42:40.719
 it.

00:42:41.079 --> 00:42:41.539
 I'm just

00:42:41.539 --> 00:42:41.699
 trying to

00:42:41.699 --> 00:42:41.820
 give you

00:42:41.820 --> 00:42:42.260
 the ideas.

00:42:42.260 --> 00:42:43.560
 We live

00:42:43.560 --> 00:42:44.540
 as biological

00:42:44.540 --> 00:42:45.700
 entities in

00:42:45.700 --> 00:42:46.680
 a materialistic

00:42:46.680 --> 00:42:47.860
 world with

00:42:47.860 --> 00:42:49.400
 no verifiable

00:42:49.400 --> 00:42:50.160
 transcendent

00:42:50.160 --> 00:42:50.700
 reality.

00:42:53.600 --> 00:42:54.620
 Humanness is

00:42:54.620 --> 00:42:55.420
 a biological

00:42:55.420 --> 00:42:56.120
 construct.

00:42:57.220 --> 00:42:57.720
 We are the

00:42:57.720 --> 00:42:58.540
 product of

00:42:58.540 --> 00:42:59.260
 our evolutionary

00:42:59.260 --> 00:43:00.080
 development,

00:43:00.300 --> 00:43:02.540
 that's obviously

00:43:02.540 --> 00:43:03.000
 Darwin,

00:43:03.800 --> 00:43:04.740
 as it shapes

00:43:04.740 --> 00:43:05.600
 and is shaped

00:43:05.600 --> 00:43:06.420
 by genetic

00:43:06.420 --> 00:43:07.120
 and chemical

00:43:07.120 --> 00:43:08.820
 factors common

00:43:08.820 --> 00:43:09.720
 to nature.

00:43:12.260 --> 00:43:13.820
 one of the

00:43:13.820 --> 00:43:14.660
 last 30

00:43:14.660 --> 00:43:15.040
 years.

00:43:15.040 --> 00:43:16.080
 The development

00:43:16.080 --> 00:43:16.900
 of what we

00:43:16.900 --> 00:43:17.360
 call the

00:43:17.360 --> 00:43:18.240
 evolutionary

00:43:18.240 --> 00:43:19.460
 psychology is

00:43:19.460 --> 00:43:20.720
 actually trying

00:43:20.720 --> 00:43:22.220
 to understand

00:43:22.220 --> 00:43:22.800
 human

00:43:22.800 --> 00:43:24.080
 personality

00:43:24.080 --> 00:43:25.900
 and at

00:43:25.900 --> 00:43:26.680
 its best

00:43:26.680 --> 00:43:27.220
 as an

00:43:27.220 --> 00:43:27.860
 adaptation

00:43:27.860 --> 00:43:28.740
 through

00:43:28.740 --> 00:43:29.260
 evolution.

00:43:30.060 --> 00:43:30.660
 So whenever

00:43:30.660 --> 00:43:31.040
 you read

00:43:31.040 --> 00:43:31.360
 articles,

00:43:31.480 --> 00:43:31.740
 particularly

00:43:31.740 --> 00:43:32.740
 popular articles

00:43:32.740 --> 00:43:33.880
 about some

00:43:33.880 --> 00:43:34.280
 psychological

00:43:34.280 --> 00:43:36.200
 condition or

00:43:36.200 --> 00:43:37.040
 whatever it is,

00:43:37.040 --> 00:43:37.540
 some behavior

00:43:37.540 --> 00:43:37.980
 tendency,

00:43:38.560 --> 00:43:39.140
 you'll always

00:43:39.139 --> 00:43:39.599
 see some

00:43:39.599 --> 00:43:40.359
 reference to

00:43:40.359 --> 00:43:41.279
 this comes

00:43:41.279 --> 00:43:42.579
 from this

00:43:42.579 --> 00:43:45.579
 adaptation in

00:43:45.579 --> 00:43:46.079
 evolution.

00:43:48.219 --> 00:43:49.440
 That's what

00:43:49.440 --> 00:43:49.819
 we're talking

00:43:49.819 --> 00:43:50.579
 about in the

00:43:50.579 --> 00:43:50.900
 psychological

00:43:50.900 --> 00:43:51.579
 field.

00:43:53.519 --> 00:43:54.440
 What's wrong

00:43:54.440 --> 00:43:54.960
 with us?

00:43:55.719 --> 00:43:56.559
 Our problems,

00:43:56.920 --> 00:43:58.000
 needs are us.

00:43:58.099 --> 00:43:58.480
 In other words,

00:43:58.559 --> 00:43:59.259
 everything is in

00:43:59.259 --> 00:44:00.400
 our physicality.

00:44:01.199 --> 00:44:01.779
 Our greatest

00:44:01.779 --> 00:44:02.719
 problems are the

00:44:02.719 --> 00:44:03.440
 limits of our

00:44:03.440 --> 00:44:04.159
 bodies to

00:44:04.159 --> 00:44:04.900
 function at a

00:44:04.900 --> 00:44:05.779
 capacity that

00:44:05.779 --> 00:44:06.440
 allows us to

00:44:06.440 --> 00:44:07.500
 experience pleasure

00:44:07.500 --> 00:44:08.500
 and minimize

00:44:08.500 --> 00:44:09.840
 pain during

00:44:09.840 --> 00:44:10.280
 our lifespan.

00:44:10.420 --> 00:44:10.719
 So if we

00:44:10.719 --> 00:44:10.960
 are just

00:44:10.960 --> 00:44:11.679
 simply evolved

00:44:11.679 --> 00:44:12.519
 creatures,

00:44:13.239 --> 00:44:13.860
 then the

00:44:13.860 --> 00:44:14.820
 goal is for

00:44:14.820 --> 00:44:15.380
 us to lead

00:44:15.380 --> 00:44:16.159
 with maximum

00:44:16.159 --> 00:44:17.699
 enjoyment and

00:44:17.699 --> 00:44:18.699
 minimal pain

00:44:18.699 --> 00:44:19.659
 as long as

00:44:19.659 --> 00:44:20.079
 possible.

00:44:20.420 --> 00:44:20.739
 So here,

00:44:21.000 --> 00:44:23.179
 I'm at an

00:44:23.179 --> 00:44:23.679
 age where

00:44:23.679 --> 00:44:24.059
 everything I

00:44:24.059 --> 00:44:24.420
 get on my

00:44:24.420 --> 00:44:24.880
 news feed

00:44:24.880 --> 00:44:25.340
 seems to

00:44:25.340 --> 00:44:25.820
 speak to

00:44:25.820 --> 00:44:26.639
 getting older

00:44:26.639 --> 00:44:27.159
 and the

00:44:27.159 --> 00:44:27.900
 avoidance of

00:44:27.900 --> 00:44:29.460
 things and

00:44:29.460 --> 00:44:30.440
 turning back

00:44:30.440 --> 00:44:30.780
 age.

00:44:30.860 --> 00:44:31.079
 And there's

00:44:31.079 --> 00:44:31.519
 so many

00:44:31.519 --> 00:44:32.639
 different things

00:44:32.639 --> 00:44:33.139
 coming soon

00:44:33.139 --> 00:44:33.559
 where you can

00:44:33.559 --> 00:44:34.460
 actually turn

00:44:34.460 --> 00:44:35.260
 back age and

00:44:35.260 --> 00:44:37.300
 this craving

00:44:37.300 --> 00:44:38.539
 to put off

00:44:38.539 --> 00:44:41.740
 death.

00:44:42.340 --> 00:44:42.620
 What's

00:44:42.620 --> 00:44:43.120
 fascinating,

00:44:43.320 --> 00:44:43.720
 and this is

00:44:43.720 --> 00:44:44.420
 an aside,

00:44:44.980 --> 00:44:45.539
 it's produced

00:44:45.539 --> 00:44:45.980
 a culture,

00:44:46.060 --> 00:44:46.340
 and this is

00:44:46.340 --> 00:44:46.660
 the idea

00:44:46.660 --> 00:44:47.140
 of a lot

00:44:47.140 --> 00:44:47.380
 of it,

00:44:49.019 --> 00:44:51.480
 where medical

00:44:51.480 --> 00:44:54.440
 science can

00:44:54.440 --> 00:44:56.200
 extend bodily

00:44:56.200 --> 00:44:58.539
 life beyond

00:44:58.539 --> 00:44:59.620
 personal meaning.

00:45:01.280 --> 00:45:01.760
 And so what

00:45:01.760 --> 00:45:02.460
 you see now

00:45:02.460 --> 00:45:02.940
 among the

00:45:02.940 --> 00:45:04.700
 aging is they

00:45:04.700 --> 00:45:05.300
 can live

00:45:05.300 --> 00:45:06.240
 until 90 or

00:45:06.240 --> 00:45:06.760
 95.

00:45:07.300 --> 00:45:08.840
 they have

00:45:08.840 --> 00:45:09.360
 no meaning

00:45:09.360 --> 00:45:10.019
 of life

00:45:10.019 --> 00:45:10.800
 past 80.

00:45:11.920 --> 00:45:12.480
 The last

00:45:12.480 --> 00:45:13.480
 15 years

00:45:13.480 --> 00:45:14.280
 are just

00:45:14.280 --> 00:45:15.019
 waiting to

00:45:15.019 --> 00:45:15.380
 die.

00:45:15.920 --> 00:45:16.160
 And they

00:45:16.160 --> 00:45:16.500
 can be

00:45:16.500 --> 00:45:16.760
 kept.

00:45:17.160 --> 00:45:18.340
 One of the

00:45:18.340 --> 00:45:19.660
 great struggles

00:45:19.660 --> 00:45:22.180
 in gerontology

00:45:22.180 --> 00:45:24.000
 is this idea

00:45:24.000 --> 00:45:24.880
 that medicine

00:45:24.880 --> 00:45:25.580
 knows how to

00:45:25.580 --> 00:45:26.100
 keep people

00:45:26.100 --> 00:45:26.460
 alive.

00:45:26.560 --> 00:45:26.840
 It doesn't

00:45:26.840 --> 00:45:27.260
 know how to

00:45:27.260 --> 00:45:27.640
 make their

00:45:27.640 --> 00:45:28.280
 lives meaningful.

00:45:30.340 --> 00:45:30.880
 And that's

00:45:30.880 --> 00:45:31.240
 what's going

00:45:31.240 --> 00:45:31.600
 on in

00:45:31.600 --> 00:45:32.280
 psychomiology.

00:45:32.280 --> 00:45:34.960
 what should

00:45:34.960 --> 00:45:35.340
 be right

00:45:35.340 --> 00:45:35.620
 with us.

00:45:35.680 --> 00:45:35.960
 In this

00:45:35.960 --> 00:45:36.360
 model,

00:45:36.840 --> 00:45:37.240
 in the

00:45:37.240 --> 00:45:37.860
 psychobiology

00:45:37.860 --> 00:45:38.220
 model,

00:45:38.360 --> 00:45:38.760
 what should

00:45:38.760 --> 00:45:39.200
 be right

00:45:39.200 --> 00:45:39.580
 with us,

00:45:39.660 --> 00:45:40.240
 our potential

00:45:40.240 --> 00:45:41.700
 is a

00:45:41.700 --> 00:45:42.160
 reasonable

00:45:42.160 --> 00:45:42.920
 quality of

00:45:42.920 --> 00:45:43.600
 life as

00:45:43.600 --> 00:45:44.019
 long as

00:45:44.019 --> 00:45:44.460
 life can

00:45:44.460 --> 00:45:45.040
 be reasonably

00:45:45.040 --> 00:45:45.519
 lived.

00:45:46.820 --> 00:45:47.440
 The pursuit

00:45:47.440 --> 00:45:48.180
 of change

00:45:48.180 --> 00:45:48.840
 is only

00:45:48.840 --> 00:45:49.620
 inhibited by

00:45:49.620 --> 00:45:50.220
 the limits

00:45:50.220 --> 00:45:50.880
 of applied

00:45:50.880 --> 00:45:51.760
 science and

00:45:51.760 --> 00:45:52.180
 the moral

00:45:52.180 --> 00:45:53.000
 conventions of

00:45:53.000 --> 00:45:54.120
 society to

00:45:54.120 --> 00:45:54.420
 which we

00:45:54.420 --> 00:45:54.540
 live.

00:45:54.539 --> 00:45:55.159
 we can do

00:45:55.159 --> 00:45:55.619
 a whole lot

00:45:55.619 --> 00:45:56.619
 more if we

00:45:56.619 --> 00:45:57.219
 just cast

00:45:57.219 --> 00:45:57.679
 off the

00:45:57.679 --> 00:45:59.059
 moral issues

00:45:59.059 --> 00:45:59.559
 that come

00:45:59.559 --> 00:45:59.960
 with the

00:45:59.960 --> 00:46:00.360
 fact that

00:46:00.360 --> 00:46:02.159
 we can't

00:46:02.159 --> 00:46:02.559
 reinvent

00:46:02.559 --> 00:46:03.199
 people.

00:46:06.219 --> 00:46:06.480
 So,

00:46:06.940 --> 00:46:07.400
 what would

00:46:07.400 --> 00:46:08.019
 it take to

00:46:08.019 --> 00:46:08.320
 fix the

00:46:08.320 --> 00:46:08.639
 problem?

00:46:09.519 --> 00:46:10.079
 The solution

00:46:10.079 --> 00:46:10.960
 occurs as

00:46:10.960 --> 00:46:11.719
 identifiable

00:46:11.719 --> 00:46:12.360
 physical

00:46:12.360 --> 00:46:13.259
 abnormalities

00:46:13.259 --> 00:46:14.019
 are medically

00:46:14.019 --> 00:46:14.500
 treated.

00:46:15.699 --> 00:46:16.219
 The medical

00:46:16.219 --> 00:46:17.019
 profession with

00:46:17.019 --> 00:46:17.480
 specialized

00:46:17.480 --> 00:46:18.219
 training in

00:46:18.219 --> 00:46:18.659
 psychological

00:46:18.659 --> 00:46:19.239
 disorders,

00:46:19.420 --> 00:46:20.079
 using medical

00:46:20.079 --> 00:46:20.779
 treatments to

00:46:20.779 --> 00:46:21.179
 address

00:46:21.179 --> 00:46:22.059
 biological

00:46:22.059 --> 00:46:23.119
 abnormalities

00:46:23.119 --> 00:46:23.659
 is the

00:46:23.659 --> 00:46:24.039
 changing.

00:46:24.539 --> 00:46:24.840
 you're always

00:46:24.840 --> 00:46:25.179
 looking for

00:46:25.179 --> 00:46:25.619
 what's the

00:46:25.619 --> 00:46:26.400
 presumed

00:46:26.400 --> 00:46:26.800
 change

00:46:26.800 --> 00:46:27.079
 agent.

00:46:27.460 --> 00:46:27.820
 In this

00:46:27.820 --> 00:46:28.139
 case,

00:46:28.500 --> 00:46:28.880
 it's the

00:46:28.880 --> 00:46:29.079
 medical

00:46:29.079 --> 00:46:29.599
 profession.

00:46:30.519 --> 00:46:30.739
 And

00:46:30.739 --> 00:46:31.659
 psychologists

00:46:31.659 --> 00:46:33.400
 and psychiatrists

00:46:33.400 --> 00:46:34.199
 understood in

00:46:34.199 --> 00:46:34.759
 their medical

00:46:34.759 --> 00:46:35.400
 capacity.

00:46:36.679 --> 00:46:36.800
 So,

00:46:37.159 --> 00:46:37.139
 where,

00:46:37.500 --> 00:46:38.219
 take a pause

00:46:38.219 --> 00:46:38.480
 for a second

00:46:38.480 --> 00:46:38.699
 to this,

00:46:38.759 --> 00:46:38.960
 where would

00:46:38.960 --> 00:46:41.400
 you see

00:46:41.400 --> 00:46:42.039
 this in

00:46:42.039 --> 00:46:42.559
 your world?

00:46:42.699 --> 00:46:42.960
 Where do

00:46:42.960 --> 00:46:43.139
 you,

00:46:44.019 --> 00:46:44.719
 what are

00:46:44.719 --> 00:46:45.300
 your reference

00:46:45.300 --> 00:46:45.840
 points for

00:46:45.840 --> 00:46:46.099
 this?

00:46:52.340 --> 00:46:53.079
 This idea

00:46:53.079 --> 00:46:53.480
 of,

00:46:53.480 --> 00:46:55.599
 physical and

00:46:55.599 --> 00:46:56.719
 everything that

00:46:56.719 --> 00:46:57.880
 needs to

00:46:57.880 --> 00:46:58.639
 change about

00:46:58.639 --> 00:46:59.280
 who we are

00:46:59.280 --> 00:46:59.559
 and our

00:46:59.559 --> 00:47:00.800
 thinking and

00:47:00.800 --> 00:47:01.699
 feeling and

00:47:01.699 --> 00:47:02.579
 behavior and

00:47:02.579 --> 00:47:04.420
 condition is

00:47:04.420 --> 00:47:08.380
 physiology at

00:47:08.380 --> 00:47:08.679
 work.

00:47:10.400 --> 00:47:11.099
 The idea

00:47:11.099 --> 00:47:12.039
 that if you're

00:47:12.039 --> 00:47:12.460
 depressed,

00:47:12.579 --> 00:47:12.900
 just take

00:47:12.900 --> 00:47:13.440
 medication.

00:47:13.980 --> 00:47:14.179
 Yeah,

00:47:14.360 --> 00:47:14.539
 yeah,

00:47:14.860 --> 00:47:15.079
 yeah,

00:47:15.119 --> 00:47:15.719
 some medication

00:47:15.719 --> 00:47:16.780
 for depression

00:47:16.780 --> 00:47:18.540
 or anything

00:47:18.540 --> 00:47:19.140
 really.

00:47:19.820 --> 00:47:20.040
 Yeah,

00:47:20.519 --> 00:47:21.400
 yeah.

00:47:21.400 --> 00:47:21.460
 Yeah.

00:47:26.580 --> 00:47:27.019
 Yeah,

00:47:27.680 --> 00:47:29.900
 I mean,

00:47:29.940 --> 00:47:30.280
 I guess the

00:47:30.280 --> 00:47:30.640
 assumption,

00:47:31.060 --> 00:47:31.540
 even in the

00:47:31.540 --> 00:47:32.660
 medical field,

00:47:33.600 --> 00:47:34.060
 that the

00:47:34.060 --> 00:47:34.620
 highest goal

00:47:34.620 --> 00:47:35.000
 is to

00:47:35.000 --> 00:47:35.300
 alleviate

00:47:35.300 --> 00:47:35.820
 pain

00:47:35.820 --> 00:47:36.580
 and prolong

00:47:36.580 --> 00:47:37.040
 life.

00:47:37.039 --> 00:47:37.300
 Yeah.

00:47:37.440 --> 00:47:37.599
 Yeah.

00:47:37.599 --> 00:47:37.639
 Yeah.

00:47:37.639 --> 00:47:38.039
 Yeah.

00:47:38.039 --> 00:47:38.739
 It's like a

00:47:38.739 --> 00:47:39.980
 Yeah.

00:47:40.199 --> 00:47:40.320
 Yeah.

00:47:41.599 --> 00:47:42.159
 Think about

00:47:42.159 --> 00:47:42.440
 this.

00:47:44.920 --> 00:47:45.719
 Where is the

00:47:45.719 --> 00:47:46.079
 mind?

00:47:52.500 --> 00:47:53.199
 Where is the

00:47:53.199 --> 00:47:53.420
 mind?

00:47:53.539 --> 00:47:53.960
 Where is the

00:47:53.960 --> 00:47:54.199
 mind?

00:47:56.340 --> 00:47:56.940
 The brain.

00:47:57.500 --> 00:47:58.139
 Is the mind

00:47:58.139 --> 00:47:58.619
 the same thing

00:47:58.619 --> 00:47:59.099
 as the brain?

00:47:59.940 --> 00:48:00.139
 Well,

00:48:00.199 --> 00:48:00.699
 in this view

00:48:00.699 --> 00:48:00.920
 maybe.

00:48:01.300 --> 00:48:01.599
 Is that?

00:48:01.599 --> 00:48:02.400
 In this view

00:48:02.400 --> 00:48:02.599
 maybe?

00:48:02.779 --> 00:48:02.880
 Yeah.

00:48:03.599 --> 00:48:03.940
 Well,

00:48:04.000 --> 00:48:04.119
 yeah,

00:48:04.179 --> 00:48:04.539
 yeah,

00:48:04.619 --> 00:48:05.019
 yeah.

00:48:05.619 --> 00:48:06.460
 It's interesting

00:48:06.460 --> 00:48:07.960
 because according

00:48:07.960 --> 00:48:09.259
 to this view,

00:48:09.639 --> 00:48:11.679
 there is no

00:48:11.679 --> 00:48:12.400
 soul,

00:48:13.299 --> 00:48:14.199
 there is no

00:48:14.199 --> 00:48:15.400
 personhood

00:48:15.400 --> 00:48:17.279
 separate from

00:48:17.279 --> 00:48:18.279
 brain function.

00:48:19.980 --> 00:48:21.099
 Your identity

00:48:21.099 --> 00:48:23.139
 is an extension

00:48:23.139 --> 00:48:24.679
 of neurons

00:48:24.679 --> 00:48:25.079
 fire.

00:48:26.519 --> 00:48:27.219
 Who you

00:48:27.219 --> 00:48:27.719
 are

00:48:27.719 --> 00:48:30.139
 as a person

00:48:30.139 --> 00:48:31.199
 is only

00:48:31.199 --> 00:48:32.239
 physiology.

00:48:35.719 --> 00:48:36.239
 Now,

00:48:37.379 --> 00:48:37.779
 and that

00:48:37.779 --> 00:48:38.179
 one of the

00:48:38.179 --> 00:48:38.639
 challenges

00:48:38.639 --> 00:48:39.079
 with this

00:48:39.079 --> 00:48:39.639
 approach

00:48:39.639 --> 00:48:40.159
 is that

00:48:40.159 --> 00:48:41.279
 we can

00:48:41.279 --> 00:48:41.839
 see how

00:48:41.839 --> 00:48:42.139
 yeah,

00:48:42.399 --> 00:48:42.779
 if you

00:48:42.779 --> 00:48:43.239
 can limit

00:48:43.239 --> 00:48:43.619
 it to

00:48:43.619 --> 00:48:43.819
 well,

00:48:43.839 --> 00:48:44.019
 there are

00:48:44.019 --> 00:48:44.339
 certain

00:48:44.339 --> 00:48:44.960
 medications

00:48:44.960 --> 00:48:45.839
 that are

00:48:45.839 --> 00:48:46.619
 targeted

00:48:46.619 --> 00:48:48.000
 and we're

00:48:48.000 --> 00:48:48.099
 going to

00:48:48.099 --> 00:48:48.439
 talk about

00:48:48.439 --> 00:48:48.859
 medications

00:48:48.859 --> 00:48:49.259
 later

00:48:49.259 --> 00:48:50.559
 to help

00:48:50.559 --> 00:48:50.980
 people

00:48:50.980 --> 00:48:52.179
 with certain

00:48:52.179 --> 00:48:52.980
 physiological

00:48:52.980 --> 00:48:55.799
 factors,

00:48:55.919 --> 00:48:56.219
 that's

00:48:56.219 --> 00:48:56.579
 good,

00:48:57.899 --> 00:48:58.739
 but

00:48:58.739 --> 00:49:00.179
 why

00:49:00.179 --> 00:49:00.759
 stop

00:49:00.759 --> 00:49:01.139
 there?

00:49:01.199 --> 00:49:02.839
 why

00:49:02.839 --> 00:49:03.359
 not

00:49:03.359 --> 00:49:05.659
 pharmacologically

00:49:05.659 --> 00:49:06.639
 reorienting

00:49:06.639 --> 00:49:07.179
 the brain

00:49:07.179 --> 00:49:09.099
 so that

00:49:09.099 --> 00:49:09.559
 it thinks

00:49:09.559 --> 00:49:10.119
 differently?

00:49:11.319 --> 00:49:12.199
 It can

00:49:12.199 --> 00:49:12.699
 be done.

00:49:12.699 --> 00:49:16.759
 the point

00:49:16.759 --> 00:49:17.059
 is,

00:49:17.699 --> 00:49:18.519
 when the

00:49:18.519 --> 00:49:19.699
 brain is

00:49:19.699 --> 00:49:20.259
 total

00:49:20.259 --> 00:49:21.039
 identity,

00:49:22.839 --> 00:49:23.219
 then

00:49:23.219 --> 00:49:24.239
 personhood

00:49:24.239 --> 00:49:24.899
 is lost.

00:49:26.980 --> 00:49:27.559
 Agency

00:49:27.559 --> 00:49:28.299
 is lost.

00:49:30.019 --> 00:49:30.359
 And so

00:49:30.359 --> 00:49:30.759
 that's why

00:49:30.759 --> 00:49:31.119
 we have to

00:49:31.119 --> 00:49:31.839
 be very

00:49:31.839 --> 00:49:32.559
 careful

00:49:32.559 --> 00:49:34.059
 when we

00:49:34.059 --> 00:49:34.899
 ascribe to

00:49:34.899 --> 00:49:35.539
 a medical

00:49:35.539 --> 00:49:36.119
 approach,

00:49:36.179 --> 00:49:36.399
 when we

00:49:36.399 --> 00:49:37.299
 ascribe to

00:49:37.299 --> 00:49:38.719
 a physiology,

00:49:38.719 --> 00:49:38.779
 biology,

00:49:39.459 --> 00:49:39.679
 the

00:49:39.679 --> 00:49:41.480
 underlying

00:49:41.480 --> 00:49:45.279
 philosophy

00:49:45.279 --> 00:49:46.480
 behind that

00:49:46.480 --> 00:49:47.539
 is that

00:49:47.539 --> 00:49:48.019
 you're no

00:49:48.019 --> 00:49:48.739
 different

00:49:48.739 --> 00:49:50.459
 than a

00:49:50.459 --> 00:49:51.019
 lower level

00:49:51.019 --> 00:49:51.559
 animal,

00:49:52.239 --> 00:49:53.239
 except for

00:49:53.239 --> 00:49:54.279
 brain capacity

00:49:54.279 --> 00:49:54.939
 is great.

00:49:56.279 --> 00:49:57.019
 And that's

00:49:57.019 --> 00:49:58.099
 profoundly

00:49:58.099 --> 00:50:00.719
 affecting

00:50:01.519 --> 00:50:02.039
 in the way

00:50:02.039 --> 00:50:02.579
 you think

00:50:02.579 --> 00:50:03.959
 about who

00:50:03.959 --> 00:50:04.379
 you are as

00:50:04.379 --> 00:50:04.719
 a person

00:50:04.719 --> 00:50:05.439
 and what

00:50:05.439 --> 00:50:05.799
 you need

00:50:05.799 --> 00:50:06.059
 as a

00:50:06.059 --> 00:50:06.319
 person.

00:50:09.019 --> 00:50:10.299
 So keep

00:50:10.299 --> 00:50:10.699
 that in

00:50:10.699 --> 00:50:11.099
 mind,

00:50:11.399 --> 00:50:12.000
 because it

00:50:12.000 --> 00:50:12.819
 should cause

00:50:12.819 --> 00:50:13.339
 us to

00:50:13.339 --> 00:50:14.019
 pause a

00:50:14.019 --> 00:50:14.439
 little bit

00:50:14.439 --> 00:50:14.759
 when we

00:50:14.759 --> 00:50:15.359
 think about,

00:50:16.019 --> 00:50:16.379
 well,

00:50:16.579 --> 00:50:17.179
 clearly there's

00:50:17.179 --> 00:50:17.719
 something wrong

00:50:17.719 --> 00:50:18.000
 in their

00:50:18.000 --> 00:50:18.339
 brain.

00:50:19.359 --> 00:50:19.959
 What are

00:50:19.959 --> 00:50:20.539
 we really

00:50:20.539 --> 00:50:22.959
 saying in

00:50:22.959 --> 00:50:23.179
 that?

00:50:23.419 --> 00:50:23.599
 We're

00:50:23.599 --> 00:50:23.959
 identifying

00:50:23.959 --> 00:50:24.779
 everything

00:50:24.779 --> 00:50:26.199
 with physiology.

00:50:27.619 --> 00:50:28.299
 And if we're

00:50:28.299 --> 00:50:28.839
 going to help

00:50:28.839 --> 00:50:29.439
 people, if we're

00:50:29.439 --> 00:50:29.519
 going to

00:50:29.519 --> 00:50:30.000
 understand

00:50:30.000 --> 00:50:30.599
 ourselves,

00:50:31.199 --> 00:50:31.859
 we have to

00:50:31.859 --> 00:50:32.159
 deal with

00:50:32.159 --> 00:50:32.639
 the philosophical

00:50:32.639 --> 00:50:33.139
 question,

00:50:33.279 --> 00:50:33.939
 am I more

00:50:33.939 --> 00:50:34.379
 than my

00:50:34.379 --> 00:50:34.699
 brain?

00:50:34.719 --> 00:50:37.179
 or am I

00:50:37.179 --> 00:50:37.679
 only my

00:50:37.679 --> 00:50:37.839
 brain?

00:50:39.079 --> 00:50:40.279
 So that's

00:50:40.279 --> 00:50:41.500
 psychobiology.

00:50:41.639 --> 00:50:42.099
 Second one,

00:50:43.959 --> 00:50:44.459
 psychodynamic

00:50:44.459 --> 00:50:45.059
 field.

00:50:46.339 --> 00:50:46.899
 Psychodynamic

00:50:46.899 --> 00:50:47.419
 field,

00:50:47.980 --> 00:50:48.299
 in the

00:50:48.299 --> 00:50:49.759
 psychodynamic

00:50:49.759 --> 00:50:50.419
 field,

00:50:50.959 --> 00:50:52.079
 all problems

00:50:52.079 --> 00:50:52.839
 are within

00:50:52.839 --> 00:50:53.579
 us and

00:50:53.579 --> 00:50:54.459
 all solutions

00:50:54.459 --> 00:50:55.279
 are outside

00:50:55.279 --> 00:50:55.579
 of us.

00:50:55.719 --> 00:50:56.079
 And so in

00:50:56.079 --> 00:50:58.679
 the biology

00:50:58.679 --> 00:50:59.519
 realm,

00:50:59.980 --> 00:51:00.819
 we are the

00:51:00.819 --> 00:51:01.199
 problem.

00:51:01.319 --> 00:51:01.480
 Our

00:51:01.480 --> 00:51:02.279
 physicality is

00:51:02.279 --> 00:51:02.799
 the problem,

00:51:03.119 --> 00:51:03.559
 the limits

00:51:03.559 --> 00:51:03.819
 of our

00:51:03.819 --> 00:51:04.419
 physicality.

00:51:04.420 --> 00:51:05.039
 In

00:51:05.039 --> 00:51:05.559
 psychodynamic

00:51:05.559 --> 00:51:06.139
 field,

00:51:06.280 --> 00:51:06.940
 all problems

00:51:06.940 --> 00:51:07.579
 are within

00:51:07.579 --> 00:51:08.200
 us and

00:51:08.200 --> 00:51:08.900
 all solutions

00:51:08.900 --> 00:51:09.639
 are outside

00:51:09.639 --> 00:51:10.039
 of us.

00:51:10.559 --> 00:51:10.880
 Sigmund

00:51:10.880 --> 00:51:11.659
 Freud developed

00:51:11.659 --> 00:51:12.420
 concepts that

00:51:12.420 --> 00:51:13.240
 undergird all

00:51:13.240 --> 00:51:14.599
 theories of

00:51:14.599 --> 00:51:15.260
 the psychodynamic

00:51:15.260 --> 00:51:15.880
 field.

00:51:16.099 --> 00:51:16.599
 Freud was a

00:51:16.599 --> 00:51:17.820
 physician who

00:51:17.820 --> 00:51:18.500
 received training

00:51:18.500 --> 00:51:19.300
 in neurology and

00:51:19.300 --> 00:51:19.800
 developed an

00:51:19.800 --> 00:51:20.340
 inherent interest

00:51:20.340 --> 00:51:20.740
 in treating

00:51:20.740 --> 00:51:21.340
 patients,

00:51:21.800 --> 00:51:22.320
 suffering from

00:51:22.320 --> 00:51:22.539
 what he

00:51:22.539 --> 00:51:22.760
 called

00:51:22.760 --> 00:51:23.280
 hysterical

00:51:23.280 --> 00:51:23.920
 conditions.

00:51:23.920 --> 00:51:29.840
 Freudian

00:51:29.840 --> 00:51:30.619
 psychology took

00:51:30.619 --> 00:51:30.980
 hold in

00:51:30.980 --> 00:51:31.420
 Europe at

00:51:31.420 --> 00:51:31.780
 the end

00:51:31.780 --> 00:51:32.000
 of the

00:51:32.000 --> 00:51:32.480
 19th

00:51:32.480 --> 00:51:33.099
 century but

00:51:33.099 --> 00:51:33.639
 swept in

00:51:33.639 --> 00:51:34.059
 the U.S.

00:51:34.079 --> 00:51:34.519
 among the

00:51:34.519 --> 00:51:35.139
 cultural and

00:51:35.139 --> 00:51:35.500
 academic

00:51:35.500 --> 00:51:36.940
 needs when

00:51:36.940 --> 00:51:37.940
 Freud embarked

00:51:37.940 --> 00:51:38.780
 on a lecture

00:51:38.780 --> 00:51:39.980
 tour of the

00:51:39.980 --> 00:51:40.440
 states in

00:51:40.440 --> 00:51:41.260
 1909.

00:51:42.240 --> 00:51:42.480
 His

00:51:42.480 --> 00:51:43.260
 successors,

00:51:43.400 --> 00:51:43.840
 while staying

00:51:43.840 --> 00:51:44.280
 within the

00:51:44.280 --> 00:51:44.619
 basic

00:51:44.619 --> 00:51:45.240
 tenets of

00:51:45.240 --> 00:51:45.380
 his

00:51:45.380 --> 00:51:46.380
 psychodynamic

00:51:46.380 --> 00:51:46.980
 model,

00:51:47.139 --> 00:51:49.400
 differed

00:51:49.400 --> 00:51:50.139
 sharply and

00:51:50.139 --> 00:51:51.119
 reacted against

00:51:51.119 --> 00:51:51.460
 one at some

00:51:51.460 --> 00:51:51.720
 points.

00:51:51.719 --> 00:51:52.339
 Jung and

00:51:52.339 --> 00:51:53.319
 others would

00:51:53.319 --> 00:51:53.759
 differ with

00:51:53.759 --> 00:51:54.099
 Freud as

00:51:54.099 --> 00:51:54.459
 significant

00:51:54.459 --> 00:51:54.859
 points.

00:51:54.939 --> 00:51:55.199
 But the

00:51:55.199 --> 00:51:55.699
 underlying

00:51:55.699 --> 00:51:56.399
 basis of

00:51:56.399 --> 00:51:56.939
 understanding

00:51:56.939 --> 00:51:57.299
 of who

00:51:57.299 --> 00:51:58.239
 we are

00:51:58.239 --> 00:52:00.199
 remains

00:52:00.199 --> 00:52:00.779
 Freudian.

00:52:01.299 --> 00:52:01.579
 And we'll

00:52:01.579 --> 00:52:01.980
 get to what

00:52:01.980 --> 00:52:02.399
 it means in

00:52:02.399 --> 00:52:02.739
 a second.

00:52:03.279 --> 00:52:03.519
 Viktor

00:52:03.519 --> 00:52:03.919
 Frankl,

00:52:03.980 --> 00:52:04.519
 for example,

00:52:04.759 --> 00:52:06.199
 his experience

00:52:06.199 --> 00:52:06.799
 as a prisoner

00:52:06.799 --> 00:52:07.399
 in Auschwitz

00:52:07.399 --> 00:52:08.559
 undermined

00:52:08.559 --> 00:52:09.199
 his Freudian

00:52:09.199 --> 00:52:09.639
 training.

00:52:10.179 --> 00:52:10.699
 Freud had

00:52:10.699 --> 00:52:11.779
 no place

00:52:11.779 --> 00:52:13.159
 for any

00:52:13.159 --> 00:52:15.239
 kind of

00:52:15.239 --> 00:52:17.579
 transcendence.

00:52:18.399 --> 00:52:18.699
 And so

00:52:18.699 --> 00:52:19.079
 Frankl

00:52:19.079 --> 00:52:20.039
 developed his

00:52:20.039 --> 00:52:20.779
 treatment theories

00:52:20.779 --> 00:52:21.239
 around the

00:52:21.239 --> 00:52:21.699
 idea that

00:52:21.699 --> 00:52:22.219
 psychological

00:52:22.219 --> 00:52:23.259
 health required

00:52:23.259 --> 00:52:24.339
 finding meaning

00:52:24.339 --> 00:52:26.039
 in life to

00:52:26.039 --> 00:52:26.939
 stave off the

00:52:26.939 --> 00:52:27.679
 three universal

00:52:27.679 --> 00:52:28.439
 tragedies of

00:52:28.439 --> 00:52:29.119
 pain, guilt,

00:52:29.219 --> 00:52:29.719
 and death.

00:52:30.839 --> 00:52:31.339
 It's still

00:52:31.339 --> 00:52:32.159
 psychodynamic

00:52:32.159 --> 00:52:32.679
 because it

00:52:32.679 --> 00:52:33.759
 treats personhood

00:52:33.759 --> 00:52:34.679
 as fundamentally

00:52:34.679 --> 00:52:36.359
 disordered and

00:52:36.359 --> 00:52:37.219
 need a specialized

00:52:37.219 --> 00:52:38.279
 help to

00:52:38.279 --> 00:52:38.899
 reverse that

00:52:38.899 --> 00:52:39.259
 state.

00:52:40.939 --> 00:52:41.579
 Classic

00:52:41.579 --> 00:52:42.319
 psychotherapy,

00:52:42.779 --> 00:52:43.759
 by which we

00:52:43.759 --> 00:52:44.399
 mean Freudian

00:52:44.399 --> 00:52:44.960
 psychotherapy,

00:52:45.480 --> 00:52:46.359
 is primarily

00:52:46.359 --> 00:52:47.299
 occurring in

00:52:47.299 --> 00:52:47.980
 the academic

00:52:47.980 --> 00:52:48.699
 settings and

00:52:48.699 --> 00:52:49.159
 among the

00:52:49.159 --> 00:52:50.239
 wealthy who

00:52:50.239 --> 00:52:51.239
 can afford an

00:52:51.239 --> 00:52:51.779
 open-ended

00:52:51.779 --> 00:52:52.519
 and intensive

00:52:52.519 --> 00:52:53.139
 approach to

00:52:53.139 --> 00:52:53.519
 counseling.

00:52:55.559 --> 00:52:56.359
 Most people

00:52:56.359 --> 00:52:56.739
 are not going

00:52:56.739 --> 00:52:57.079
 to get

00:52:57.079 --> 00:52:57.979
 Freudian

00:52:57.979 --> 00:52:58.519
 psychotherapy

00:52:58.519 --> 00:52:59.639
 because it's

00:52:59.639 --> 00:53:00.519
 presumed that

00:53:00.519 --> 00:53:01.079
 you are in

00:53:01.079 --> 00:53:01.699
 therapy your

00:53:01.699 --> 00:53:02.319
 whole life,

00:53:03.439 --> 00:53:04.179
 that therapy is

00:53:04.179 --> 00:53:04.659
 part of a

00:53:04.659 --> 00:53:05.299
 management of

00:53:05.299 --> 00:53:05.779
 your life,

00:53:05.859 --> 00:53:06.139
 and you're

00:53:06.139 --> 00:53:06.659
 constantly

00:53:06.659 --> 00:53:07.439
 working through

00:53:07.439 --> 00:53:07.979
 the inner

00:53:07.979 --> 00:53:09.839
 things to

00:53:09.839 --> 00:53:10.319
 get to the

00:53:10.319 --> 00:53:10.979
 outer things.

00:53:11.979 --> 00:53:12.819
 So who are

00:53:12.819 --> 00:53:13.099
 we?

00:53:13.659 --> 00:53:14.719
 And this is

00:53:14.719 --> 00:53:15.119
 going to sound

00:53:15.119 --> 00:53:15.739
 complicated,

00:53:15.739 --> 00:53:16.839
 and that's

00:53:16.839 --> 00:53:17.179
 part of the

00:53:17.179 --> 00:53:17.599
 problem with

00:53:17.599 --> 00:53:17.759
 it.

00:53:19.759 --> 00:53:20.579
 Who are we?

00:53:20.739 --> 00:53:21.159
 Fundamental

00:53:21.159 --> 00:53:22.219
 reality is

00:53:22.219 --> 00:53:23.219
 conscious and

00:53:23.219 --> 00:53:23.779
 unconscious

00:53:23.779 --> 00:53:24.979
 existence in

00:53:24.979 --> 00:53:25.459
 the natural

00:53:25.459 --> 00:53:26.059
 world.

00:53:27.219 --> 00:53:28.099
 To be human

00:53:28.099 --> 00:53:28.819
 is to be

00:53:28.819 --> 00:53:29.599
 subject to

00:53:29.599 --> 00:53:30.719
 psychic drives

00:53:30.719 --> 00:53:31.179
 that are

00:53:31.179 --> 00:53:31.899
 shaped by

00:53:31.899 --> 00:53:32.559
 early life

00:53:32.559 --> 00:53:33.299
 experience,

00:53:33.919 --> 00:53:34.239
 and which

00:53:34.239 --> 00:53:34.939
 define how

00:53:34.939 --> 00:53:35.579
 we live,

00:53:35.779 --> 00:53:36.079
 think,

00:53:36.239 --> 00:53:36.839
 and emote

00:53:36.839 --> 00:53:37.859
 through the

00:53:37.859 --> 00:53:38.699
 entirety of

00:53:38.699 --> 00:53:39.519
 life experience.

00:53:40.619 --> 00:53:41.399
 All human

00:53:41.399 --> 00:53:42.079
 experience can

00:53:42.079 --> 00:53:42.699
 be linked to

00:53:42.699 --> 00:53:43.279
 deep-seated

00:53:43.280 --> 00:53:44.160
 desires and

00:53:44.160 --> 00:53:45.260
 fears that

00:53:45.260 --> 00:53:45.900
 lodge in

00:53:45.900 --> 00:53:46.920
 unconscious or

00:53:46.920 --> 00:53:48.060
 subconscious areas

00:53:48.060 --> 00:53:48.800
 of our minds.

00:53:49.780 --> 00:53:50.320
 Freud identified

00:53:50.320 --> 00:53:51.160
 these areas as

00:53:51.160 --> 00:53:51.660
 the id, the

00:53:51.660 --> 00:53:52.220
 ego, and the

00:53:52.220 --> 00:53:53.200
 superego, terms

00:53:53.200 --> 00:53:53.840
 he coined.

00:53:55.300 --> 00:53:56.080
 While biology is

00:53:56.080 --> 00:53:56.680
 assumed in his

00:53:56.680 --> 00:53:57.220
 understanding,

00:53:57.360 --> 00:53:57.900
 these are not

00:53:57.900 --> 00:53:59.500
 biological categories,

00:53:59.700 --> 00:54:00.019
 but they're

00:54:00.019 --> 00:54:01.260
 abstractions in

00:54:01.260 --> 00:54:01.780
 the mind.

00:54:02.840 --> 00:54:03.140
 Again, they're

00:54:03.140 --> 00:54:03.780
 not brain,

00:54:03.960 --> 00:54:04.580
 they're mind.

00:54:04.740 --> 00:54:05.500
 Freud thought in

00:54:05.500 --> 00:54:06.320
 mind terms,

00:54:06.760 --> 00:54:07.860
 not brain terms.

00:54:08.700 --> 00:54:09.760
 To Freud, all

00:54:09.760 --> 00:54:10.720
 human orientation

00:54:10.720 --> 00:54:11.560
 can be linked to

00:54:11.560 --> 00:54:12.940
 sexual desire and

00:54:12.940 --> 00:54:13.659
 nor fear of

00:54:13.659 --> 00:54:13.940
 death.

00:54:15.260 --> 00:54:15.639
 Religious

00:54:15.639 --> 00:54:16.420
 thought is a

00:54:16.420 --> 00:54:17.700
 pathological

00:54:17.700 --> 00:54:18.360
 attempt to

00:54:18.360 --> 00:54:19.000
 find meaning

00:54:19.000 --> 00:54:19.860
 in a hostile

00:54:19.860 --> 00:54:20.460
 and godless

00:54:20.460 --> 00:54:20.960
 cosmos.

00:54:22.320 --> 00:54:23.119
 I read a

00:54:23.119 --> 00:54:24.619
 book on

00:54:24.619 --> 00:54:27.960
 cultural history

00:54:27.960 --> 00:54:28.800
 of classical

00:54:28.800 --> 00:54:29.760
 music, and

00:54:29.760 --> 00:54:30.960
 Jim Swofford,

00:54:31.059 --> 00:54:31.539
 the author,

00:54:31.639 --> 00:54:32.079
 said this.

00:54:32.500 --> 00:54:33.059
 He describes

00:54:33.059 --> 00:54:33.519
 Freud's

00:54:33.519 --> 00:54:34.400
 anthropology as

00:54:34.400 --> 00:54:35.320
 an image of

00:54:35.320 --> 00:54:36.200
 the mind as

00:54:36.200 --> 00:54:36.820
 a fragile

00:54:36.820 --> 00:54:38.460
 crust over

00:54:38.460 --> 00:54:39.280
 an unconscious

00:54:39.280 --> 00:54:40.039
 tide of

00:54:40.039 --> 00:54:40.500
 urges,

00:54:40.780 --> 00:54:41.240
 violence,

00:54:41.679 --> 00:54:42.200
 sexuality,

00:54:42.199 --> 00:54:42.980
 and pain.

00:54:45.639 --> 00:54:46.299
 Freud on

00:54:46.299 --> 00:54:46.739
 religion.

00:54:47.739 --> 00:54:48.179
 Religion is

00:54:48.179 --> 00:54:48.839
 a system of

00:54:48.839 --> 00:54:49.779
 wishful illusions

00:54:49.779 --> 00:54:50.480
 together with

00:54:50.480 --> 00:54:51.599
 a disavowal of

00:54:51.599 --> 00:54:53.439
 reality, such as

00:54:53.439 --> 00:54:54.219
 we find nowhere

00:54:54.219 --> 00:54:54.960
 else but in a

00:54:54.960 --> 00:54:55.960
 state of blissful,

00:54:56.239 --> 00:54:56.879
 hallucinatory

00:54:56.879 --> 00:54:57.539
 confusion.

00:54:58.739 --> 00:54:59.460
 Devout believers

00:54:59.460 --> 00:55:00.879
 are safely guarded

00:55:00.879 --> 00:55:02.039
 in a high degree

00:55:02.039 --> 00:55:03.000
 against the risk

00:55:03.000 --> 00:55:03.679
 of certain

00:55:03.679 --> 00:55:05.179
 neurotic tendencies.

00:55:06.119 --> 00:55:06.739
 Their acceptance

00:55:06.739 --> 00:55:07.679
 of the universal

00:55:07.679 --> 00:55:08.419
 neuroses

00:55:08.420 --> 00:55:09.960
 spares them

00:55:09.960 --> 00:55:11.059
 from the task

00:55:11.059 --> 00:55:11.820
 of constructing

00:55:11.820 --> 00:55:12.599
 a personal

00:55:12.599 --> 00:55:12.820
 one.

00:55:12.900 --> 00:55:13.500
 So it's

00:55:13.500 --> 00:55:14.000
 avoidance.

00:55:14.059 --> 00:55:14.559
 Religion is

00:55:14.559 --> 00:55:16.200
 avoidance of

00:55:16.200 --> 00:55:16.740
 neuroses.

00:55:17.400 --> 00:55:18.059
 So that's what

00:55:18.059 --> 00:55:18.559
 we are.

00:55:19.760 --> 00:55:20.820
 We are

00:55:20.820 --> 00:55:22.800
 messed up.

00:55:25.480 --> 00:55:26.740
 Our problems

00:55:26.740 --> 00:55:28.180
 is internal

00:55:28.180 --> 00:55:29.079
 turmoil that's

00:55:29.079 --> 00:55:29.840
 beyond our

00:55:29.840 --> 00:55:30.420
 ability to

00:55:30.420 --> 00:55:31.039
 control or

00:55:31.039 --> 00:55:31.860
 being recognized.

00:55:32.500 --> 00:55:33.159
 In Freudian

00:55:33.159 --> 00:55:34.260
 terms, it is

00:55:34.260 --> 00:55:35.340
 repression of our

00:55:35.340 --> 00:55:36.220
 unconscious and

00:55:36.219 --> 00:55:37.339
 subconscious states

00:55:37.339 --> 00:55:38.919
 which control our

00:55:38.919 --> 00:55:39.739
 instincts and

00:55:39.739 --> 00:55:41.039
 responses to life.

00:55:41.859 --> 00:55:42.759
 This repression

00:55:42.759 --> 00:55:44.099
 has a pathological

00:55:44.099 --> 00:55:45.019
 effect on our

00:55:45.019 --> 00:55:46.419
 psychic health and

00:55:46.419 --> 00:55:47.459
 ability to function

00:55:47.459 --> 00:55:48.459
 in the world around

00:55:48.459 --> 00:55:48.659
 us.

00:55:48.839 --> 00:55:49.699
 So if you're

00:55:49.699 --> 00:55:50.399
 hearing this and

00:55:50.399 --> 00:55:50.759
 you're saying,

00:55:50.879 --> 00:55:51.339
 okay, some of

00:55:51.339 --> 00:55:54.119
 it's familiar, but

00:55:54.119 --> 00:55:54.679
 some of it just

00:55:54.679 --> 00:55:55.859
 seems very esoteric.

00:55:56.500 --> 00:55:57.299
 That's Freud.

00:55:59.419 --> 00:56:00.219
 Freud is

00:56:00.219 --> 00:56:00.799
 esoteric.

00:56:00.919 --> 00:56:01.959
 Freud, everything

00:56:01.959 --> 00:56:02.980
 that Freud says,

00:56:03.059 --> 00:56:03.879
 he creates out of

00:56:03.879 --> 00:56:04.519
 his own thinking.

00:56:04.519 --> 00:56:06.460
 The problem with

00:56:06.460 --> 00:56:07.400
 Freud, frankly, is

00:56:07.400 --> 00:56:10.179
 he would probably

00:56:10.179 --> 00:56:11.759
 have lost his

00:56:11.759 --> 00:56:12.780
 license in

00:56:12.780 --> 00:56:13.840
 detail.

00:56:14.920 --> 00:56:15.759
 Because he

00:56:15.759 --> 00:56:16.360
 basically built

00:56:16.360 --> 00:56:18.019
 everything of his

00:56:18.019 --> 00:56:19.420
 theories on one

00:56:19.420 --> 00:56:21.559
 person and

00:56:21.559 --> 00:56:22.079
 himself.

00:56:22.900 --> 00:56:23.920
 He had one

00:56:23.920 --> 00:56:25.019
 primary patient

00:56:25.019 --> 00:56:26.599
 and then he

00:56:26.599 --> 00:56:27.719
 analyzed himself.

00:56:28.300 --> 00:56:28.860
 And all his

00:56:28.860 --> 00:56:29.539
 theories are based

00:56:29.539 --> 00:56:30.000
 on that.

00:56:30.000 --> 00:56:33.659
 methodologies were

00:56:33.659 --> 00:56:34.940
 dubious at best.

00:56:36.940 --> 00:56:38.179
 So what should be

00:56:38.179 --> 00:56:38.940
 right with us?

00:56:39.219 --> 00:56:39.739
 The potential

00:56:39.739 --> 00:56:41.380
 outcome of

00:56:41.380 --> 00:56:42.780
 change is deeper

00:56:42.780 --> 00:56:43.940
 insight and a

00:56:43.940 --> 00:56:45.239
 continuing management

00:56:45.239 --> 00:56:46.480
 of adverse psychic

00:56:46.480 --> 00:56:48.239
 forces with gradual

00:56:48.239 --> 00:56:49.559
 mastery over them.

00:56:50.280 --> 00:56:50.760
 Therapy is

00:56:50.760 --> 00:56:51.159
 traditionally

00:56:51.159 --> 00:56:51.940
 understood as a

00:56:51.940 --> 00:56:52.840
 lifelong pursuit,

00:56:52.960 --> 00:56:53.960
 if not a necessity.

00:56:53.960 --> 00:56:56.599
 back in the

00:56:56.599 --> 00:56:57.679
 60s and 70s,

00:56:58.400 --> 00:56:59.159
 there were a

00:56:59.159 --> 00:57:00.099
 slew of movies

00:57:00.099 --> 00:57:01.159
 when psychotherapy

00:57:01.159 --> 00:57:02.280
 was really at a

00:57:02.280 --> 00:57:03.880
 peak, where in

00:57:03.880 --> 00:57:04.599
 all the movies,

00:57:05.240 --> 00:57:06.119
 the main

00:57:06.119 --> 00:57:06.760
 characters,

00:57:08.240 --> 00:57:09.019
 there was always

00:57:09.019 --> 00:57:09.820
 a psychotherapist

00:57:09.820 --> 00:57:10.440
 somewhere in there.

00:57:11.220 --> 00:57:12.119
 They were just

00:57:12.119 --> 00:57:13.000
 always going to

00:57:13.000 --> 00:57:13.320
 therapy.

00:57:14.360 --> 00:57:16.240
 And the whole

00:57:16.240 --> 00:57:17.179
 idea of talking

00:57:17.179 --> 00:57:18.159
 through problems

00:57:18.159 --> 00:57:19.220
 is a Freudian

00:57:19.220 --> 00:57:19.699
 concept.

00:57:20.900 --> 00:57:21.659
 That's where that

00:57:21.659 --> 00:57:22.340
 idea comes from.

00:57:22.400 --> 00:57:23.000
 The couch, all

00:57:23.000 --> 00:57:23.400
 those kind of

00:57:23.400 --> 00:57:25.460
 things, that's

00:57:25.460 --> 00:57:26.059
 all Freudian.

00:57:27.220 --> 00:57:28.039
 So what does it

00:57:28.039 --> 00:57:28.820
 take to fix the

00:57:28.820 --> 00:57:29.180
 problem?

00:57:29.300 --> 00:57:29.860
 This is where it

00:57:29.860 --> 00:57:30.480
 gets really

00:57:30.480 --> 00:57:30.780
 murky.

00:57:32.280 --> 00:57:33.579
 We change by

00:57:33.579 --> 00:57:34.240
 bringing the

00:57:34.240 --> 00:57:35.300
 subconscious to

00:57:35.300 --> 00:57:36.059
 the surface,

00:57:36.619 --> 00:57:37.720
 thereby resolving

00:57:37.720 --> 00:57:39.039
 inner conflict and

00:57:39.039 --> 00:57:40.740
 neuroses, and

00:57:40.740 --> 00:57:41.340
 eliminating

00:57:41.340 --> 00:57:42.180
 pathological

00:57:42.180 --> 00:57:43.340
 reactions to our

00:57:43.340 --> 00:57:44.280
 psychic disorder.

00:57:45.420 --> 00:57:46.280
 And the type of

00:57:46.280 --> 00:57:46.960
 things we do is

00:57:46.960 --> 00:57:47.460
 repression,

00:57:47.639 --> 00:57:48.320
 projection, and

00:57:48.320 --> 00:57:48.760
 denial.

00:57:49.119 --> 00:57:49.680
 So those are

00:57:49.680 --> 00:57:51.079
 pathological things.

00:57:51.180 --> 00:57:51.920
 So you hear the

00:57:51.920 --> 00:57:52.700
 word repression,

00:57:52.780 --> 00:57:53.340
 they're repressing

00:57:53.340 --> 00:57:54.400
 that, or they're

00:57:54.400 --> 00:57:57.340
 in denial, or

00:57:57.340 --> 00:57:58.019
 they're projecting

00:57:58.019 --> 00:57:58.780
 that onto somebody

00:57:58.780 --> 00:57:59.760
 using Freudian

00:57:59.760 --> 00:58:00.220
 language.

00:58:00.380 --> 00:58:00.720
 You're just

00:58:00.720 --> 00:58:01.200
 predicting that

00:58:01.200 --> 00:58:01.420
 only.

00:58:01.539 --> 00:58:02.220
 That's Freudian

00:58:02.220 --> 00:58:02.680
 language.

00:58:04.320 --> 00:58:05.640
 The change agent

00:58:05.640 --> 00:58:06.640
 is an expert

00:58:06.640 --> 00:58:07.579
 therapist, a

00:58:07.579 --> 00:58:08.280
 person who is

00:58:08.280 --> 00:58:09.079
 trained to guide

00:58:09.079 --> 00:58:09.900
 us into change

00:58:09.900 --> 00:58:10.680
 through talk and

00:58:10.680 --> 00:58:11.559
 evaluation of

00:58:11.559 --> 00:58:12.019
 thinking and

00:58:12.019 --> 00:58:12.320
 feeling.

00:58:13.240 --> 00:58:13.760
 For example,

00:58:13.840 --> 00:58:14.740
 the psychotherapist

00:58:14.740 --> 00:58:16.039
 who uses the

00:58:16.039 --> 00:58:16.800
 process of

00:58:16.800 --> 00:58:17.920
 psychoanalysis to

00:58:17.920 --> 00:58:18.880
 work out the

00:58:18.880 --> 00:58:19.920
 inner turmoil of

00:58:19.920 --> 00:58:21.039
 our conscious or

00:58:21.039 --> 00:58:23.920
 subconscious desire.

00:58:24.099 --> 00:58:27.679
 So I bring all

00:58:27.679 --> 00:58:29.099
 this up because

00:58:29.099 --> 00:58:32.619
 classic Freudianism

00:58:32.619 --> 00:58:34.719
 is largely

00:58:34.719 --> 00:58:37.719
 debunked now as

00:58:37.719 --> 00:58:39.159
 a school.

00:58:39.420 --> 00:58:39.880
 There are still

00:58:39.880 --> 00:58:40.480
 people who are

00:58:40.480 --> 00:58:42.519
 Freudians, but

00:58:42.519 --> 00:58:44.039
 more often they're

00:58:44.039 --> 00:58:46.300
 using the second

00:58:46.300 --> 00:58:47.380
 and third generation

00:58:47.380 --> 00:58:49.720
 of Freudians to

00:58:49.720 --> 00:58:50.619
 build on, not

00:58:50.619 --> 00:58:51.340
 Freud himself.

00:58:51.900 --> 00:58:52.619
 But Freud is the

00:58:52.619 --> 00:58:53.280
 fountaine of all

00:58:53.280 --> 00:58:53.960
 this and you have

00:58:53.960 --> 00:58:54.420
 to deal with

00:58:54.420 --> 00:58:54.660
 him.

00:58:55.539 --> 00:58:56.860
 What do you get

00:58:56.860 --> 00:58:58.760
 that seems

00:58:58.760 --> 00:58:59.760
 familiar to you

00:58:59.760 --> 00:59:02.000
 from this?

00:59:02.160 --> 00:59:03.160
 Where would you

00:59:03.160 --> 00:59:05.820
 see evidence of

00:59:05.820 --> 00:59:08.119
 psychoanalytic

00:59:08.119 --> 00:59:10.140
 thinking in your

00:59:10.140 --> 00:59:10.460
 world?

00:59:10.460 --> 00:59:17.079
 I think a

00:59:17.079 --> 00:59:17.820
 tendency to

00:59:17.820 --> 00:59:18.679
 attribute a lot

00:59:18.679 --> 00:59:19.579
 of problems to

00:59:19.579 --> 00:59:20.340
 early childhood

00:59:20.340 --> 00:59:20.860
 development.

00:59:21.179 --> 00:59:21.340
 Yeah.

00:59:21.780 --> 00:59:21.900
 Yeah.

00:59:21.900 --> 00:59:21.960
 Yeah.

00:59:23.440 --> 00:59:24.099
 Increasingly, one

00:59:24.099 --> 00:59:24.559
 of the challenges

00:59:24.559 --> 00:59:25.340
 with trauma, which

00:59:25.340 --> 00:59:25.860
 we'll talk about

00:59:25.860 --> 00:59:27.760
 later, is

00:59:27.760 --> 00:59:28.780
 ruining trauma

00:59:28.780 --> 00:59:29.659
 back even to

00:59:29.659 --> 00:59:30.119
 the womb.

00:59:30.699 --> 00:59:30.800
 Wow.

00:59:31.480 --> 00:59:33.500
 So people can

00:59:33.500 --> 00:59:34.159
 have trauma

00:59:34.159 --> 00:59:34.960
 responses to

00:59:34.960 --> 00:59:35.420
 what happened

00:59:35.420 --> 00:59:35.960
 in the womb.

00:59:36.360 --> 00:59:37.360
 In utero

00:59:37.360 --> 00:59:38.820
 trauma, they

00:59:38.820 --> 00:59:39.260
 call it.

00:59:39.260 --> 00:59:41.220
 that's very

00:59:41.220 --> 00:59:41.840
 Freudian.

00:59:42.760 --> 00:59:43.840
 Very current, but

00:59:43.840 --> 00:59:44.620
 it's very Freudian.

00:59:45.740 --> 00:59:46.540
 What else?

00:59:56.540 --> 00:59:57.280
 There's one

00:59:57.280 --> 00:59:58.920
 staring us in the

00:59:58.920 --> 00:59:59.220
 face.

01:00:01.800 --> 01:00:02.360
 What?

01:00:04.460 --> 01:00:05.540
 How do I,

01:00:05.539 --> 01:00:08.340
 what is the

01:00:08.340 --> 01:00:09.139
 change agent?

01:00:11.940 --> 01:00:12.500
 Therapist.

01:00:13.699 --> 01:00:14.179
 Yeah.

01:00:14.980 --> 01:00:15.500
 Expertise.

01:00:15.679 --> 01:00:16.179
 Expertise.

01:00:16.659 --> 01:00:17.320
 I need an

01:00:17.320 --> 01:00:17.599
 expert.

01:00:18.759 --> 01:00:19.920
 I need somebody

01:00:19.920 --> 01:00:20.739
 who's trained.

01:00:21.500 --> 01:00:22.320
 What is that

01:00:22.320 --> 01:00:23.099
 person supposed

01:00:23.099 --> 01:00:23.619
 to do?

01:00:26.119 --> 01:00:26.920
 What is the

01:00:26.920 --> 01:00:27.779
 trained person

01:00:27.779 --> 01:00:28.539
 supposed to do?

01:00:31.539 --> 01:00:32.259
 They're supposed

01:00:32.259 --> 01:00:33.480
 to help me figure

01:00:33.480 --> 01:00:34.340
 out what's going

01:00:34.340 --> 01:00:35.500
 on inside me

01:00:35.500 --> 01:00:38.059
 and talk it

01:00:38.059 --> 01:00:39.539
 out and

01:00:39.539 --> 01:00:40.400
 resolve the

01:00:40.400 --> 01:00:41.140
 inner struggle

01:00:41.140 --> 01:00:41.539
 that I'm

01:00:41.539 --> 01:00:42.320
 dealing with.

01:00:43.740 --> 01:00:44.940
 Talk therapy

01:00:44.940 --> 01:00:46.680
 traces to

01:00:46.680 --> 01:00:47.120
 Freud.

01:00:47.960 --> 01:00:48.579
 Paul Tripp.

01:00:48.980 --> 01:00:49.340
 Have you ever

01:00:49.340 --> 01:00:49.880
 read Paul Tripp?

01:00:49.960 --> 01:00:50.500
 Paul Tripp, I

01:00:50.500 --> 01:00:51.900
 was in a small

01:00:51.900 --> 01:00:52.360
 group with him

01:00:52.360 --> 01:00:52.740
 one time when

01:00:52.740 --> 01:00:52.960
 we were just

01:00:52.960 --> 01:00:53.260
 talking about

01:00:53.260 --> 01:00:53.800
 this stuff and

01:00:53.800 --> 01:00:55.120
 he said,

01:00:55.300 --> 01:00:55.960
 you will never

01:00:55.960 --> 01:00:57.760
 find talking

01:00:57.760 --> 01:00:58.539
 out your

01:00:58.539 --> 01:00:59.760
 problems as a

01:00:59.760 --> 01:01:00.360
 remedy in the

01:01:00.360 --> 01:01:00.620
 Bible.

01:01:00.619 --> 01:01:00.839
 people.

01:01:01.779 --> 01:01:03.679
 But yet here I

01:01:03.679 --> 01:01:04.299
 am, I do it

01:01:04.299 --> 01:01:04.799
 all the time.

01:01:06.940 --> 01:01:08.079
 It is an

01:01:08.079 --> 01:01:09.239
 assumption of

01:01:09.239 --> 01:01:10.719
 Western American,

01:01:11.219 --> 01:01:12.599
 Western culture,

01:01:12.859 --> 01:01:13.519
 but particularly

01:01:13.519 --> 01:01:14.339
 American culture,

01:01:14.699 --> 01:01:15.559
 where we have the

01:01:15.559 --> 01:01:16.719
 wherewithal to find

01:01:16.719 --> 01:01:17.380
 people to talk

01:01:17.380 --> 01:01:17.579
 with.

01:01:18.159 --> 01:01:19.480
 Where the way you

01:01:19.480 --> 01:01:20.839
 resolve problems is

01:01:20.839 --> 01:01:22.039
 talking to people.

01:01:23.519 --> 01:01:24.239
 Vocalizing.

01:01:24.239 --> 01:01:26.019
 I don't know

01:01:26.019 --> 01:01:26.599
 any other

01:01:26.599 --> 01:01:29.739
 culture where

01:01:29.739 --> 01:01:30.859
 people talk

01:01:30.859 --> 01:01:31.259
 out their

01:01:31.259 --> 01:01:31.679
 problems.

01:01:33.079 --> 01:01:33.559
 They may

01:01:33.559 --> 01:01:35.299
 go to

01:01:35.299 --> 01:01:35.839
 somebody for

01:01:35.839 --> 01:01:36.299
 wisdom.

01:01:37.619 --> 01:01:38.179
 In many

01:01:38.179 --> 01:01:38.679
 cultures they

01:01:38.679 --> 01:01:39.399
 actually consider

01:01:39.399 --> 01:01:40.279
 pathology that

01:01:40.279 --> 01:01:40.979
 they don't talk

01:01:40.979 --> 01:01:41.339
 about their

01:01:41.339 --> 01:01:41.659
 problems.

01:01:42.000 --> 01:01:42.399
 It's interesting

01:01:42.399 --> 01:01:42.859
 to be in

01:01:42.859 --> 01:01:44.599
 Ethiopia, among

01:01:44.599 --> 01:01:45.379
 Ethiopians, they

01:01:45.379 --> 01:01:45.979
 say no, people

01:01:45.979 --> 01:01:46.779
 don't talk about

01:01:46.779 --> 01:01:47.119
 their problems.

01:01:47.219 --> 01:01:47.699
 Now, it doesn't

01:01:47.699 --> 01:01:48.259
 mean they handle

01:01:48.259 --> 01:01:48.619
 them well.

01:01:49.459 --> 01:01:50.039
 When people have

01:01:50.039 --> 01:01:50.539
 problems, they

01:01:50.539 --> 01:01:51.379
 usually disappear

01:01:51.379 --> 01:01:51.879
 working on their

01:01:51.879 --> 01:01:52.439
 problems and then

01:01:52.439 --> 01:01:53.879
 reappear in that

01:01:53.879 --> 01:01:54.219
 culture.

01:01:54.239 --> 01:01:54.719
 that's not

01:01:54.719 --> 01:01:55.659
 exactly healthy.

01:01:56.500 --> 01:01:57.279
 But the idea

01:01:57.279 --> 01:01:57.959
 that I need to

01:01:57.959 --> 01:01:58.659
 talk about my

01:01:58.659 --> 01:02:00.099
 problems is just

01:02:00.099 --> 01:02:01.579
 a foreign concept

01:02:01.579 --> 01:02:03.479
 in most of the

01:02:03.479 --> 01:02:03.819
 world.

01:02:04.619 --> 01:02:05.919
 But it's the only

01:02:05.919 --> 01:02:07.239
 way we know how

01:02:07.239 --> 01:02:07.939
 to do it in this

01:02:07.939 --> 01:02:08.199
 world.

01:02:10.619 --> 01:02:11.439
 So that's

01:02:11.439 --> 01:02:12.179
 Freudianism

01:02:12.179 --> 01:02:13.799
 played out.

01:02:14.559 --> 01:02:15.159
 Now, it

01:02:15.159 --> 01:02:15.879
 develops in this

01:02:15.879 --> 01:02:16.559
 third one, as

01:02:16.559 --> 01:02:17.019
 we'll see.

01:02:17.599 --> 01:02:18.819
 But this idea,

01:02:18.979 --> 01:02:19.239
 when you're

01:02:19.239 --> 01:02:19.759
 thinking about

01:02:19.759 --> 01:02:20.659
 where do you

01:02:20.659 --> 01:02:21.519
 see Freudianism,

01:02:22.159 --> 01:02:22.639
 it's this,

01:02:22.819 --> 01:02:23.319
 rather than

01:02:23.319 --> 01:02:24.219
 everything located

01:02:24.219 --> 01:02:24.839
 in the brain

01:02:24.839 --> 01:02:25.159
 and you've

01:02:25.159 --> 01:02:25.899
 got to medicate

01:02:25.899 --> 01:02:26.500
 the brain,

01:02:26.799 --> 01:02:27.579
 no, it's all

01:02:27.579 --> 01:02:28.639
 churning somewhere

01:02:28.639 --> 01:02:29.399
 in me.

01:02:29.939 --> 01:02:30.899
 And I've got to

01:02:30.899 --> 01:02:32.179
 get it out and

01:02:32.179 --> 01:02:32.859
 talk it out.

01:02:33.259 --> 01:02:33.859
 I have to have a

01:02:33.859 --> 01:02:35.299
 cathartic experience.

01:02:36.419 --> 01:02:37.019
 I have to have a

01:02:37.019 --> 01:02:37.439
 breakthrough.

01:02:38.159 --> 01:02:38.819
 The whole idea of

01:02:38.819 --> 01:02:39.239
 a counseling

01:02:39.239 --> 01:02:40.399
 breakthrough is

01:02:40.399 --> 01:02:40.879
 Freudian.

01:02:43.059 --> 01:02:44.059
 And I need an

01:02:44.059 --> 01:02:44.379
 expert.

01:02:44.599 --> 01:02:46.319
 Oh, you're not

01:02:46.319 --> 01:02:46.659
 trained?

01:02:46.779 --> 01:02:47.559
 You don't have a

01:02:47.559 --> 01:02:48.219
 degree in this?

01:02:48.339 --> 01:02:48.739
 I'm sorry, you

01:02:48.739 --> 01:02:49.179
 can't help me.

01:02:49.179 --> 01:02:49.299
 Freudianism.

01:02:51.460 --> 01:02:52.079
 That's all

01:02:52.079 --> 01:02:52.559
 Freudian.

01:02:53.139 --> 01:02:53.739
 That comes from

01:02:53.739 --> 01:02:53.980
 Freud.

01:02:55.179 --> 01:02:56.099
 So the third

01:02:56.099 --> 01:02:56.899
 is psychosocial

01:02:56.899 --> 01:02:57.239
 field.

01:02:58.239 --> 01:02:58.519
 In the

01:02:58.519 --> 01:02:59.179
 psychosocial field,

01:02:59.279 --> 01:02:59.839
 the problems are

01:02:59.839 --> 01:03:01.119
 outside of us,

01:03:01.299 --> 01:03:01.980
 but all the

01:03:01.980 --> 01:03:02.699
 solutions are

01:03:02.699 --> 01:03:03.299
 inside of us.

01:03:03.339 --> 01:03:03.539
 So it's

01:03:03.539 --> 01:03:04.039
 exactly the

01:03:04.039 --> 01:03:05.399
 opposite of

01:03:05.399 --> 01:03:05.719
 Freud.

01:03:05.859 --> 01:03:06.199
 Where in

01:03:06.199 --> 01:03:07.279
 Freud, all the

01:03:07.279 --> 01:03:07.859
 problems are

01:03:07.859 --> 01:03:08.759
 inside of us,

01:03:08.799 --> 01:03:09.239
 we need help

01:03:09.239 --> 01:03:09.779
 from outside.

01:03:10.719 --> 01:03:12.879
 In the

01:03:12.879 --> 01:03:13.839
 psychosocial field,

01:03:14.119 --> 01:03:14.879
 all the problems

01:03:14.879 --> 01:03:15.799
 are outside of

01:03:15.799 --> 01:03:17.119
 us, all the

01:03:17.119 --> 01:03:18.059
 solutions lie

01:03:18.059 --> 01:03:18.719
 within us.

01:03:19.440 --> 01:03:20.299
 This is a wide

01:03:20.299 --> 01:03:20.759
 variety of

01:03:20.759 --> 01:03:21.299
 theories that

01:03:21.299 --> 01:03:23.460
 people understood

01:03:23.460 --> 01:03:24.480
 in a relational

01:03:24.480 --> 01:03:25.759
 social context.

01:03:27.000 --> 01:03:28.739
 Each theory is

01:03:28.739 --> 01:03:29.420
 concerned with

01:03:29.420 --> 01:03:30.019
 helping people

01:03:30.019 --> 01:03:31.880
 function well in

01:03:31.880 --> 01:03:32.880
 a context,

01:03:32.960 --> 01:03:33.539
 sometimes a

01:03:33.539 --> 01:03:35.539
 context that's

01:03:35.539 --> 01:03:36.059
 difficult to

01:03:36.059 --> 01:03:36.940
 function well in.

01:03:37.519 --> 01:03:37.840
 Some of the

01:03:37.840 --> 01:03:38.400
 major schools

01:03:38.400 --> 01:03:39.259
 that you would

01:03:39.259 --> 01:03:39.659
 find in this

01:03:39.659 --> 01:03:40.119
 home are what

01:03:40.119 --> 01:03:40.400
 you call

01:03:40.400 --> 01:03:41.159
 behaviorism.

01:03:41.259 --> 01:03:41.519
 You've got

01:03:41.519 --> 01:03:42.179
 three familiar

01:03:42.179 --> 01:03:42.420
 with this,

01:03:42.480 --> 01:03:43.079
 behaviorism.

01:03:45.480 --> 01:03:46.360
 A school that

01:03:46.360 --> 01:03:46.840
 focuses on

01:03:46.840 --> 01:03:47.239
 learning.

01:03:48.059 --> 01:03:48.980
 will learn

01:03:48.980 --> 01:03:49.659
 behavior, so

01:03:49.659 --> 01:03:51.639
 it presumes

01:03:51.639 --> 01:03:52.320
 that our

01:03:52.320 --> 01:03:52.920
 problems are

01:03:52.920 --> 01:03:53.539
 maladaptive

01:03:53.539 --> 01:03:54.099
 behavior to

01:03:54.099 --> 01:03:54.679
 circumstances,

01:03:55.360 --> 01:03:56.179
 and better

01:03:56.179 --> 01:03:57.340
 behavior, and

01:03:57.340 --> 01:03:57.659
 how can I

01:03:57.659 --> 01:03:58.820
 retrain behavior?

01:04:00.159 --> 01:04:00.559
 Cognitive

01:04:00.559 --> 01:04:01.340
 therapy, very

01:04:01.340 --> 01:04:02.159
 popular even to

01:04:02.159 --> 01:04:02.679
 this day,

01:04:03.380 --> 01:04:06.279
 developed out of

01:04:06.279 --> 01:04:06.739
 the behavior

01:04:06.739 --> 01:04:08.139
 of school, but

01:04:08.139 --> 01:04:08.820
 cognitive

01:04:08.820 --> 01:04:09.579
 therapy focuses

01:04:09.579 --> 01:04:10.259
 on thinking

01:04:10.259 --> 01:04:11.320
 patterns as the

01:04:11.320 --> 01:04:11.639
 key to

01:04:11.639 --> 01:04:12.039
 management.

01:04:12.519 --> 01:04:14.420
 In 1970s,

01:04:14.579 --> 01:04:15.199
 these kind of

01:04:15.199 --> 01:04:15.880
 came together,

01:04:15.880 --> 01:04:16.240
 so you'll

01:04:16.240 --> 01:04:16.579
 still have

01:04:16.579 --> 01:04:17.019
 cognitive

01:04:17.019 --> 01:04:17.519
 therapists,

01:04:17.599 --> 01:04:17.820
 you'll still

01:04:17.820 --> 01:04:17.920
 have

01:04:17.920 --> 01:04:18.300
 behaviors,

01:04:18.840 --> 01:04:19.440
 more often

01:04:19.440 --> 01:04:19.780
 you see

01:04:19.780 --> 01:04:20.519
 CBT,

01:04:20.680 --> 01:04:20.920
 cognitive

01:04:20.920 --> 01:04:21.280
 behavioral

01:04:21.280 --> 01:04:21.760
 therapy,

01:04:22.099 --> 01:04:22.640
 which means

01:04:22.640 --> 01:04:23.539
 the goal

01:04:23.539 --> 01:04:24.660
 of that

01:04:24.660 --> 01:04:25.059
 kind of

01:04:25.059 --> 01:04:26.119
 therapy is

01:04:26.119 --> 01:04:26.680
 you're either

01:04:26.680 --> 01:04:27.760
 behaving or

01:04:27.760 --> 01:04:28.720
 thinking or

01:04:28.720 --> 01:04:30.140
 feeling wrongly,

01:04:30.700 --> 01:04:31.559
 and my job

01:04:31.559 --> 01:04:32.400
 as a therapist

01:04:32.400 --> 01:04:32.980
 is to help

01:04:32.980 --> 01:04:34.000
 you think and

01:04:34.000 --> 01:04:34.940
 feel right.

01:04:35.940 --> 01:04:36.940
 And they're

01:04:36.940 --> 01:04:38.240
 better adapt to

01:04:38.240 --> 01:04:39.079
 your circumstances.

01:04:39.700 --> 01:04:40.420
 There's a host

01:04:40.420 --> 01:04:41.159
 of need-based

01:04:41.159 --> 01:04:41.780
 theories.

01:04:44.780 --> 01:04:45.940
 Their genesis is

01:04:45.940 --> 01:04:46.559
 the positive

01:04:46.559 --> 01:04:47.240
 humanist of

01:04:47.240 --> 01:04:47.780
 William James,

01:04:47.860 --> 01:04:48.400
 as we mentioned.

01:04:49.039 --> 01:04:49.760
 The commonality

01:04:49.760 --> 01:04:50.420
 that links them

01:04:50.420 --> 01:04:51.159
 is generally an

01:04:51.159 --> 01:04:52.599
 optimistic view

01:04:52.599 --> 01:04:54.840
 that if some

01:04:54.840 --> 01:04:56.099
 unmet need of a

01:04:56.099 --> 01:04:56.860
 person can be

01:04:56.860 --> 01:04:58.240
 addressed, that a

01:04:58.240 --> 01:04:59.079
 person's inner

01:04:59.079 --> 01:05:00.000
 potential can be

01:05:00.000 --> 01:05:00.460
 reached.

01:05:01.420 --> 01:05:02.059
 Maslow's

01:05:02.059 --> 01:05:02.639
 hierarchy of

01:05:02.639 --> 01:05:03.460
 needs, classic.

01:05:04.039 --> 01:05:04.780
 Carl Rogers

01:05:04.780 --> 01:05:06.039
 developed a

01:05:06.039 --> 01:05:06.880
 counseling methodology

01:05:06.880 --> 01:05:07.460
 based on

01:05:07.460 --> 01:05:08.099
 unconditional

01:05:08.099 --> 01:05:09.240
 positive regard

01:05:09.239 --> 01:05:10.719
 and supportive

01:05:10.719 --> 01:05:12.159
 listening as a

01:05:12.159 --> 01:05:13.419
 way to help

01:05:13.419 --> 01:05:14.039
 people achieve

01:05:14.039 --> 01:05:15.319
 self-actualization

01:05:15.319 --> 01:05:16.099
 on their highest

01:05:16.099 --> 01:05:16.579
 potential.

01:05:17.419 --> 01:05:17.959
 So anything

01:05:17.959 --> 01:05:18.559
 that's related

01:05:18.559 --> 01:05:19.039
 to human

01:05:19.039 --> 01:05:19.739
 potential,

01:05:20.799 --> 01:05:21.339
 anything that's

01:05:21.339 --> 01:05:22.059
 related to you

01:05:22.059 --> 01:05:22.619
 can be a

01:05:22.619 --> 01:05:23.479
 better person,

01:05:24.519 --> 01:05:24.959
 anything that's

01:05:24.959 --> 01:05:25.739
 related to be

01:05:25.739 --> 01:05:26.519
 all that you

01:05:26.519 --> 01:05:27.179
 can be,

01:05:28.199 --> 01:05:30.639
 is all based

01:05:30.639 --> 01:05:31.439
 on this idea

01:05:31.439 --> 01:05:32.319
 of it's a

01:05:32.319 --> 01:05:33.139
 psychosocial

01:05:33.139 --> 01:05:34.039
 field.

01:05:35.799 --> 01:05:37.299
 One that's

01:05:37.299 --> 01:05:37.799
 increasingly

01:05:37.799 --> 01:05:38.639
 popular is the

01:05:38.639 --> 01:05:39.219
 idea of my

01:05:39.219 --> 01:05:39.519
 mindfulness.

01:05:39.639 --> 01:05:39.959
 You guys are

01:05:39.959 --> 01:05:40.339
 familiar with

01:05:40.339 --> 01:05:40.699
 mindfulness?

01:05:41.699 --> 01:05:41.859
 Okay.

01:05:43.079 --> 01:05:43.679
 There's no

01:05:43.679 --> 01:05:44.559
 standard definition

01:05:44.559 --> 01:05:45.119
 of mindfulness,

01:05:45.439 --> 01:05:46.899
 but psychology

01:05:46.899 --> 01:05:47.859
 today just gives

01:05:47.859 --> 01:05:48.279
 you a nice

01:05:48.279 --> 01:05:50.299
 little definition

01:05:50.299 --> 01:05:50.899
 of features.

01:05:51.059 --> 01:05:52.019
 Mindfulness is a

01:05:52.019 --> 01:05:53.000
 state of active,

01:05:53.219 --> 01:05:54.439
 open attention

01:05:54.439 --> 01:05:55.579
 on the present.

01:05:56.639 --> 01:05:57.119
 When you're

01:05:57.119 --> 01:05:57.919
 mindful, you

01:05:57.919 --> 01:05:58.619
 observe your

01:05:58.619 --> 01:05:59.319
 thoughts and

01:05:59.319 --> 01:06:00.139
 feelings from a

01:06:00.139 --> 01:06:00.939
 distance without

01:06:00.939 --> 01:06:01.980
 judging them good

01:06:01.980 --> 01:06:02.500
 or bad.

01:06:03.359 --> 01:06:04.359
 Instead of letting

01:06:04.359 --> 01:06:05.959
 your life pass

01:06:05.959 --> 01:06:06.559
 by you,

01:06:06.699 --> 01:06:07.500
 mindfulness means

01:06:07.500 --> 01:06:08.139
 living in the

01:06:08.139 --> 01:06:09.280
 moment and

01:06:09.280 --> 01:06:10.099
 awakening to

01:06:10.099 --> 01:06:10.639
 experience.

01:06:10.940 --> 01:06:11.260
 Is that

01:06:11.260 --> 01:06:11.820
 familiar?

01:06:13.980 --> 01:06:14.619
 Does that

01:06:14.619 --> 01:06:16.300
 seem like the

01:06:16.300 --> 01:06:17.659
 end of every

01:06:17.659 --> 01:06:20.400
 movie that you

01:06:20.400 --> 01:06:21.139
 ever watch or

01:06:21.139 --> 01:06:21.940
 every show that

01:06:21.940 --> 01:06:22.340
 you watch?

01:06:22.400 --> 01:06:22.760
 Is that

01:06:22.760 --> 01:06:23.340
 ultimately,

01:06:24.139 --> 01:06:24.780
 unless somebody

01:06:24.780 --> 01:06:25.599
 gets killed in

01:06:25.599 --> 01:06:28.340
 a shock,

01:06:29.239 --> 01:06:30.579
 somehow people

01:06:30.579 --> 01:06:31.280
 are finding

01:06:31.280 --> 01:06:33.659
 themselves and

01:06:33.659 --> 01:06:34.839
 there coming

01:06:34.839 --> 01:06:35.460
 to a fuller

01:06:35.460 --> 01:06:37.299
 understanding of

01:06:37.299 --> 01:06:37.960
 who they are

01:06:37.960 --> 01:06:38.420
 and now

01:06:38.420 --> 01:06:38.879
 can live a

01:06:38.879 --> 01:06:39.519
 happier life?

01:06:39.659 --> 01:06:41.739
 That's what

01:06:41.739 --> 01:06:42.339
 this is.

01:06:44.059 --> 01:06:44.759
 There are two

01:06:44.759 --> 01:06:45.359
 basic assumptions

01:06:45.359 --> 01:06:46.000
 in this field.

01:06:46.460 --> 01:06:47.079
 The goal is

01:06:47.079 --> 01:06:48.139
 progress through

01:06:48.139 --> 01:06:49.099
 some form of

01:06:49.099 --> 01:06:49.920
 self-effort.

01:06:50.019 --> 01:06:50.719
 So this is not

01:06:50.719 --> 01:06:52.359
 the therapist as

01:06:52.359 --> 01:06:53.019
 one who is

01:06:53.019 --> 01:06:54.119
 pulling out from

01:06:54.119 --> 01:06:54.699
 you based on

01:06:54.699 --> 01:06:55.480
 expertise.

01:06:57.480 --> 01:06:58.759
 The bad stuff

01:06:58.759 --> 01:07:00.139
 so that you

01:07:00.139 --> 01:07:01.259
 can adapt and

01:07:01.259 --> 01:07:02.219
 no longer deal

01:07:02.219 --> 01:07:02.699
 with the bad

01:07:02.699 --> 01:07:03.000
 stuff.

01:07:03.599 --> 01:07:04.239
 This is,

01:07:04.339 --> 01:07:04.899
 you've got a

01:07:04.899 --> 01:07:05.439
 lot of good

01:07:05.439 --> 01:07:05.859
 in you.

01:07:06.059 --> 01:07:06.559
 How can I

01:07:06.559 --> 01:07:07.279
 help the good

01:07:07.279 --> 01:07:07.839
 come out?

01:07:09.239 --> 01:07:09.879
 What can we

01:07:09.879 --> 01:07:10.480
 do to get rid

01:07:10.480 --> 01:07:10.939
 of the bad

01:07:10.939 --> 01:07:11.480
 and help the

01:07:11.480 --> 01:07:11.679
 good?

01:07:11.799 --> 01:07:12.439
 The good is

01:07:12.439 --> 01:07:13.099
 the natural

01:07:13.099 --> 01:07:13.459
 thing.

01:07:13.619 --> 01:07:14.059
 The good is

01:07:14.059 --> 01:07:14.439
 what should

01:07:14.439 --> 01:07:15.259
 flow out of

01:07:15.259 --> 01:07:15.439
 you.

01:07:19.159 --> 01:07:20.000
 The goal is

01:07:20.000 --> 01:07:20.699
 progress through

01:07:20.699 --> 01:07:21.399
 some form of

01:07:21.399 --> 01:07:21.859
 self-effort.

01:07:22.019 --> 01:07:22.779
 I can't do it

01:07:22.779 --> 01:07:23.179
 for you.

01:07:23.879 --> 01:07:24.659
 And so the

01:07:24.659 --> 01:07:25.839
 therapist who's

01:07:25.839 --> 01:07:26.339
 more in the

01:07:26.339 --> 01:07:27.439
 psychosocial field

01:07:27.439 --> 01:07:28.659
 is more of a

01:07:28.659 --> 01:07:28.980
 coach.

01:07:29.500 --> 01:07:30.019
 They're more

01:07:30.019 --> 01:07:30.679
 of somebody who

01:07:30.679 --> 01:07:30.959
 is going to

01:07:30.959 --> 01:07:31.699
 come alongside

01:07:31.699 --> 01:07:33.059
 make sure that

01:07:33.059 --> 01:07:33.879
 you feel good

01:07:33.879 --> 01:07:34.579
 about yourself.

01:07:34.899 --> 01:07:35.439
 Make sure that

01:07:35.439 --> 01:07:36.480
 you feel like

01:07:36.480 --> 01:07:38.379
 you're all you

01:07:38.379 --> 01:07:38.919
 can be.

01:07:40.279 --> 01:07:41.639
 Help you deal

01:07:41.639 --> 01:07:42.299
 with negative

01:07:42.299 --> 01:07:43.139
 thought patterns.

01:07:43.339 --> 01:07:44.099
 Help you embrace

01:07:44.099 --> 01:07:44.819
 positive thought

01:07:44.819 --> 01:07:45.199
 patterns.

01:07:45.659 --> 01:07:46.279
 Those kind of

01:07:46.279 --> 01:07:46.639
 things.

01:07:47.379 --> 01:07:48.299
 So who are we

01:07:48.299 --> 01:07:49.399
 in this world?

01:07:51.419 --> 01:07:52.139
 There's a

01:07:52.139 --> 01:07:53.519
 spirituality that

01:07:53.519 --> 01:07:54.539
 can be inherent

01:07:54.539 --> 01:07:55.779
 in many places.

01:07:55.960 --> 01:07:56.480
 Eventually when

01:07:56.480 --> 01:07:57.279
 you're in the

01:07:57.279 --> 01:07:58.139
 world of this

01:07:58.139 --> 01:07:59.359
 psychosocial,

01:08:00.059 --> 01:08:00.619
 there's some

01:08:00.619 --> 01:08:01.239
 acknowledgement,

01:08:01.239 --> 01:08:02.019
 there's a

01:08:02.019 --> 01:08:02.839
 spiritual dimension.

01:08:03.019 --> 01:08:03.599
 There's something

01:08:03.599 --> 01:08:04.139
 bigger.

01:08:04.559 --> 01:08:05.299
 Because something

01:08:05.299 --> 01:08:07.019
 bigger is almost

01:08:07.019 --> 01:08:08.379
 entirely benevolent

01:08:08.379 --> 01:08:09.479
 and almost

01:08:09.479 --> 01:08:10.819
 entirely for you.

01:08:11.299 --> 01:08:13.439
 It could just

01:08:13.439 --> 01:08:13.919
 simply be the

01:08:13.919 --> 01:08:14.259
 cosmos.

01:08:15.899 --> 01:08:17.599
 I was on a

01:08:17.599 --> 01:08:18.260
 tour one time

01:08:18.260 --> 01:08:19.159
 and the tour

01:08:19.159 --> 01:08:19.920
 guy comes in

01:08:19.920 --> 01:08:20.800
 Italy and kept

01:08:20.800 --> 01:08:21.420
 talking about,

01:08:21.719 --> 01:08:22.340
 let's just thank

01:08:22.340 --> 01:08:23.039
 the cosmos.

01:08:24.399 --> 01:08:25.300
 It's a beautiful

01:08:25.300 --> 01:08:25.619
 view.

01:08:25.619 --> 01:08:26.119
 and I'm like,

01:08:26.619 --> 01:08:28.680
 who,

01:08:28.760 --> 01:08:28.939
 who,

01:08:29.079 --> 01:08:29.300
 who,

01:08:29.579 --> 01:08:29.920
 you know.

01:08:30.859 --> 01:08:31.619
 Or let's just

01:08:31.619 --> 01:08:32.399
 be thankful.

01:08:33.599 --> 01:08:33.800
 Like,

01:08:34.239 --> 01:08:34.680
 if you think

01:08:34.680 --> 01:08:34.979
 about it,

01:08:35.039 --> 01:08:36.260
 what we need

01:08:36.260 --> 01:08:36.659
 in this world

01:08:36.659 --> 01:08:36.960
 is more

01:08:36.960 --> 01:08:37.739
 thankfulness.

01:08:38.000 --> 01:08:38.519
 To who?

01:08:39.359 --> 01:08:39.819
 Thankfulness

01:08:39.819 --> 01:08:40.659
 requires an

01:08:40.659 --> 01:08:41.000
 object.

01:08:43.079 --> 01:08:43.899
 But in this

01:08:43.899 --> 01:08:44.500
 field,

01:08:44.779 --> 01:08:45.399
 thankfulness is

01:08:45.399 --> 01:08:45.840
 its own.

01:08:46.119 --> 01:08:46.599
 Let's just

01:08:46.599 --> 01:08:46.840
 love.

01:08:47.000 --> 01:08:47.500
 Loving

01:08:47.500 --> 01:08:48.180
 self,

01:08:48.640 --> 01:08:49.019
 you've got to

01:08:49.019 --> 01:08:49.659
 love yourself,

01:08:49.659 --> 01:08:50.840
 that's the

01:08:50.840 --> 01:08:51.380
 language of

01:08:51.380 --> 01:08:51.899
 this field.

01:08:56.099 --> 01:08:56.819
 In a

01:08:56.819 --> 01:08:57.079
 fundamental

01:08:57.079 --> 01:08:57.539
 sense,

01:08:57.619 --> 01:08:58.180
 the truth

01:08:58.180 --> 01:08:58.920
 is within

01:08:58.920 --> 01:08:59.779
 each of us.

01:09:00.239 --> 01:09:01.000
 Humanity is

01:09:01.000 --> 01:09:01.680
 a reality

01:09:01.680 --> 01:09:02.559
 of untapped

01:09:02.559 --> 01:09:03.239
 potential

01:09:03.239 --> 01:09:04.479
 toward which

01:09:04.479 --> 01:09:05.099
 each person

01:09:05.099 --> 01:09:05.920
 should strive

01:09:05.920 --> 01:09:06.300
 and which

01:09:06.300 --> 01:09:06.960
 social structures

01:09:06.960 --> 01:09:07.559
 should support.

01:09:07.699 --> 01:09:07.840
 So,

01:09:08.239 --> 01:09:08.760
 our social

01:09:08.760 --> 01:09:09.199
 structures,

01:09:09.359 --> 01:09:09.739
 our laws,

01:09:09.859 --> 01:09:10.500
 everything should

01:09:10.500 --> 01:09:11.720
 support this

01:09:11.720 --> 01:09:12.680
 kind of

01:09:12.680 --> 01:09:13.739
 experiential

01:09:13.739 --> 01:09:14.680
 human flourishing,

01:09:14.800 --> 01:09:15.340
 be all you

01:09:15.340 --> 01:09:15.760
 can be.

01:09:16.579 --> 01:09:17.319
 What's wrong

01:09:17.319 --> 01:09:17.739
 with us?

01:09:18.139 --> 01:09:18.680
 Our greatest

01:09:18.680 --> 01:09:19.479
 problem is the

01:09:19.479 --> 01:09:19.879
 personal,

01:09:20.039 --> 01:09:20.479
 interpersonal,

01:09:20.679 --> 01:09:21.259
 and societal

01:09:21.259 --> 01:09:22.899
 constriction on

01:09:22.899 --> 01:09:23.639
 our ability to

01:09:23.639 --> 01:09:24.179
 achieve our

01:09:24.179 --> 01:09:24.839
 full potential.

01:09:25.099 --> 01:09:25.579
 The goal of

01:09:25.579 --> 01:09:26.039
 full potential

01:09:26.039 --> 01:09:26.679
 was keeping

01:09:26.679 --> 01:09:27.119
 us from

01:09:27.119 --> 01:09:27.379
 that.

01:09:29.779 --> 01:09:30.419
 What should

01:09:30.419 --> 01:09:30.799
 be right

01:09:30.799 --> 01:09:31.259
 with us?

01:09:31.779 --> 01:09:32.319
 The operative

01:09:32.319 --> 01:09:33.299
 historical concept

01:09:33.299 --> 01:09:34.019
 is often called

01:09:34.019 --> 01:09:35.199
 self-actualization,

01:09:35.299 --> 01:09:35.839
 that's Maslow.

01:09:36.699 --> 01:09:37.519
 Living at the

01:09:37.519 --> 01:09:38.479
 fullest possible

01:09:38.479 --> 01:09:39.979
 capacity to

01:09:39.979 --> 01:09:40.399
 which we can

01:09:40.399 --> 01:09:40.599
 strive.

01:09:40.659 --> 01:09:41.199
 This is not

01:09:41.199 --> 01:09:42.819
 about selfishness

01:09:42.819 --> 01:09:44.079
 because in

01:09:44.079 --> 01:09:44.719
 most of these,

01:09:45.179 --> 01:09:45.939
 in the way

01:09:45.939 --> 01:09:46.859
 they're understood,

01:09:47.579 --> 01:09:48.079
 there's a not

01:09:48.079 --> 01:09:48.639
 only living,

01:09:48.640 --> 01:09:49.420
 the more you

01:09:49.420 --> 01:09:50.119
 live good for

01:09:50.119 --> 01:09:50.640
 yourself,

01:09:50.760 --> 01:09:51.200
 the more you

01:09:51.200 --> 01:09:51.660
 live good for

01:09:51.660 --> 01:09:52.140
 other people.

01:09:53.160 --> 01:09:54.060
 The better a

01:09:54.060 --> 01:09:54.840
 person you are,

01:09:54.900 --> 01:09:55.340
 the more you'll

01:09:55.340 --> 01:09:58.460
 be more beneficial

01:09:58.460 --> 01:09:59.220
 to other people.

01:10:06.039 --> 01:10:07.260
 Positive self-esteem

01:10:07.260 --> 01:10:07.980
 and confident

01:10:07.980 --> 01:10:08.860
 self-expression

01:10:08.860 --> 01:10:09.740
 are also

01:10:09.740 --> 01:10:10.619
 worthy goals.

01:10:10.619 --> 01:10:13.180
 what would it

01:10:13.180 --> 01:10:13.640
 take to fix

01:10:13.640 --> 01:10:14.099
 the problem

01:10:14.099 --> 01:10:14.720
 that we have?

01:10:15.140 --> 01:10:15.760
 All of us

01:10:15.760 --> 01:10:16.079
 have the

01:10:16.079 --> 01:10:16.939
 capacity for

01:10:16.939 --> 01:10:18.199
 change through

01:10:18.199 --> 01:10:19.039
 repatterning of

01:10:19.039 --> 01:10:19.460
 thoughts,

01:10:19.640 --> 01:10:20.039
 beliefs,

01:10:20.180 --> 01:10:20.840
 and behaviors,

01:10:21.340 --> 01:10:21.760
 and the

01:10:21.760 --> 01:10:22.340
 removal of

01:10:22.340 --> 01:10:23.159
 negative factors

01:10:23.159 --> 01:10:23.800
 which restrict

01:10:23.800 --> 01:10:24.340
 our potential.

01:10:24.500 --> 01:10:24.640
 So,

01:10:24.939 --> 01:10:25.460
 something like,

01:10:25.539 --> 01:10:25.599
 well,

01:10:25.619 --> 01:10:25.960
 you know what,

01:10:26.019 --> 01:10:26.920
 you're surrounded

01:10:26.920 --> 01:10:28.140
 by toxic people.

01:10:29.000 --> 01:10:29.460
 So,

01:10:29.519 --> 01:10:30.099
 the problem is

01:10:30.099 --> 01:10:31.000
 toxic people

01:10:31.000 --> 01:10:31.779
 that are affecting

01:10:31.779 --> 01:10:32.760
 who you can be.

01:10:33.199 --> 01:10:33.640
 You need to

01:10:33.640 --> 01:10:33.840
 limit,

01:10:33.960 --> 01:10:34.340
 you need to

01:10:34.340 --> 01:10:35.359
 create boundaries

01:10:35.359 --> 01:10:37.219
 to keep

01:10:37.219 --> 01:10:38.000
 yourself from

01:10:38.000 --> 01:10:38.479
 being affected

01:10:38.479 --> 01:10:39.399
 by toxic people.

01:10:39.500 --> 01:10:39.899
 That's all

01:10:39.899 --> 01:10:40.659
 the psychosocial

01:10:40.659 --> 01:10:40.859
 field.

01:10:41.159 --> 01:10:42.139
 You're fine,

01:10:42.679 --> 01:10:43.239
 you've just

01:10:43.239 --> 01:10:43.839
 got to remove

01:10:43.839 --> 01:10:44.339
 the negative

01:10:44.339 --> 01:10:45.119
 factors in

01:10:45.119 --> 01:10:45.639
 your life.

01:10:46.939 --> 01:10:47.880
 We are our

01:10:47.880 --> 01:10:48.859
 own change

01:10:48.859 --> 01:10:49.380
 agents.

01:10:51.079 --> 01:10:52.159
 They require

01:10:52.159 --> 01:10:53.319
 guides or

01:10:53.319 --> 01:10:53.880
 therapists.

01:10:54.559 --> 01:10:55.019
 The goal of

01:10:55.019 --> 01:10:55.539
 any therapy

01:10:55.539 --> 01:10:56.420
 is empowerment

01:10:56.420 --> 01:10:57.119
 to personal

01:10:57.119 --> 01:10:57.699
 change.

01:10:59.119 --> 01:10:59.500
 So,

01:10:59.619 --> 01:10:59.939
 where do you

01:10:59.939 --> 01:11:00.500
 see this

01:11:00.500 --> 01:11:01.119
 around you?

01:11:05.359 --> 01:11:12.179
 If you

01:11:12.179 --> 01:11:12.599
 work at a

01:11:12.599 --> 01:11:12.859
 company,

01:11:12.960 --> 01:11:13.139
 you're going

01:11:13.139 --> 01:11:13.519
 to see it

01:11:13.519 --> 01:11:14.119
 in the

01:11:14.119 --> 01:11:15.339
 human resource

01:11:15.339 --> 01:11:15.839
 department.

01:11:18.380 --> 01:11:19.000
 That's where

01:11:19.000 --> 01:11:19.899
 it's there.

01:11:20.019 --> 01:11:20.359
 Where else

01:11:20.359 --> 01:11:20.759
 do you see it?

01:11:25.759 --> 01:11:27.019
 Just in general,

01:11:27.119 --> 01:11:27.559
 I feel like

01:11:27.559 --> 01:11:28.119
 motivation.

01:11:28.519 --> 01:11:28.960
 Yeah,

01:11:29.059 --> 01:11:29.839
 motivational speaking.

01:11:30.159 --> 01:11:30.199
 Yeah,

01:11:30.319 --> 01:11:30.719
 those kind of

01:11:30.719 --> 01:11:30.939
 things.

01:11:31.079 --> 01:11:31.339
 You are

01:11:31.339 --> 01:11:31.939
 doing great

01:11:31.939 --> 01:11:32.339
 in real

01:11:32.339 --> 01:11:32.779
 time.

01:11:33.039 --> 01:11:33.259
 Yeah,

01:11:33.420 --> 01:11:33.679
 yeah,

01:11:33.679 --> 01:11:34.420
 yeah.

01:11:34.420 --> 01:11:35.819
 my son,

01:11:36.119 --> 01:11:36.760
 he has a

01:11:36.760 --> 01:11:37.039
 company,

01:11:37.500 --> 01:11:38.340
 I still

01:11:38.340 --> 01:11:38.819
 don't understand

01:11:38.819 --> 01:11:39.480
 the model,

01:11:39.779 --> 01:11:40.220
 but it's

01:11:40.220 --> 01:11:40.739
 working for

01:11:40.739 --> 01:11:40.940
 him,

01:11:41.300 --> 01:11:41.880
 but he

01:11:41.880 --> 01:11:42.840
 develops the

01:11:42.840 --> 01:11:43.500
 content for

01:11:43.500 --> 01:11:44.119
 influencers,

01:11:44.560 --> 01:11:45.260
 right?

01:11:45.640 --> 01:11:45.819
 So,

01:11:45.960 --> 01:11:47.180
 an influencer

01:11:47.180 --> 01:11:47.619
 will hire

01:11:47.619 --> 01:11:47.880
 and then

01:11:47.880 --> 01:11:48.359
 he'll develop

01:11:48.359 --> 01:11:48.779
 the content.

01:11:48.960 --> 01:11:49.380
 He'll film

01:11:49.380 --> 01:11:49.560
 them,

01:11:49.619 --> 01:11:49.920
 he'll do

01:11:49.920 --> 01:11:50.300
 these things

01:11:50.300 --> 01:11:51.220
 and he'll

01:11:51.220 --> 01:11:51.779
 talk to

01:11:51.779 --> 01:11:52.140
 videos and

01:11:52.140 --> 01:11:52.380
 that kind

01:11:52.380 --> 01:11:52.619
 of stuff

01:11:52.619 --> 01:11:52.920
 for him.

01:11:53.480 --> 01:11:53.760
 And,

01:11:53.760 --> 01:11:54.279
 and,

01:11:54.380 --> 01:11:56.039
 he would

01:11:56.039 --> 01:11:56.340
 tell you,

01:11:56.440 --> 01:11:56.539
 he said,

01:11:56.600 --> 01:11:56.800
 man,

01:11:57.100 --> 01:11:58.579
 everybody wants

01:11:58.579 --> 01:11:58.980
 to be an

01:11:58.980 --> 01:11:59.340
 influencer.

01:11:59.600 --> 01:11:59.899
 Everybody,

01:12:00.659 --> 01:12:01.800
 everybody wants,

01:12:02.000 --> 01:12:02.619
 they don't have

01:12:02.619 --> 01:12:02.779
 any,

01:12:02.980 --> 01:12:03.680
 they haven't done

01:12:03.680 --> 01:12:04.039
 anything,

01:12:04.039 --> 01:12:04.439
 but they

01:12:04.439 --> 01:12:04.840
 don't want to,

01:12:05.539 --> 01:12:06.019
 but they still

01:12:06.019 --> 01:12:06.420
 want to tell

01:12:06.420 --> 01:12:07.060
 people what to

01:12:07.060 --> 01:12:07.399
 do.

01:12:08.019 --> 01:12:08.720
 Because they're

01:12:08.720 --> 01:12:09.460
 appealing this

01:12:09.460 --> 01:12:10.399
 idea that I

01:12:10.399 --> 01:12:11.220
 can make money

01:12:11.220 --> 01:12:11.859
 by making

01:12:11.859 --> 01:12:12.920
 people feel

01:12:12.920 --> 01:12:13.500
 better about

01:12:13.500 --> 01:12:13.960
 themselves.

01:12:14.739 --> 01:12:15.439
 Or make

01:12:15.439 --> 01:12:15.760
 them feel

01:12:15.760 --> 01:12:16.420
 more productive.

01:12:17.819 --> 01:12:18.600
 And so that's a

01:12:18.600 --> 01:12:19.359
 big part of

01:12:19.359 --> 01:12:20.039
 influencing,

01:12:20.239 --> 01:12:21.019
 is a big part

01:12:21.019 --> 01:12:21.760
 of this world

01:12:21.760 --> 01:12:22.260
 now.

01:12:23.600 --> 01:12:24.199
 What else?

01:12:24.199 --> 01:12:30.420
 this is

01:12:30.420 --> 01:12:30.979
 actually where

01:12:30.979 --> 01:12:32.359
 if you go

01:12:32.359 --> 01:12:32.639
 to a

01:12:32.639 --> 01:12:32.979
 counselor

01:12:32.979 --> 01:12:33.679
 these days,

01:12:34.679 --> 01:12:36.179
 you will

01:12:36.179 --> 01:12:37.539
 probably find

01:12:37.539 --> 01:12:38.439
 this is the

01:12:38.439 --> 01:12:39.159
 dominant

01:12:39.159 --> 01:12:41.319
 orientation

01:12:41.319 --> 01:12:41.840
 they come

01:12:41.840 --> 01:12:42.279
 in with.

01:12:43.420 --> 01:12:44.159
 Because you

01:12:44.159 --> 01:12:44.679
 don't need

01:12:44.679 --> 01:12:45.279
 a PhD

01:12:45.279 --> 01:12:47.119
 to do

01:12:47.119 --> 01:12:47.619
 this.

01:12:49.099 --> 01:12:49.479
 It's good

01:12:49.479 --> 01:12:49.800
 to have

01:12:49.800 --> 01:12:50.260
 training.

01:12:50.260 --> 01:12:52.220
 if you're

01:12:52.220 --> 01:12:52.619
 licensed,

01:12:53.260 --> 01:12:53.860
 that's kind

01:12:53.860 --> 01:12:54.060
 of the

01:12:54.060 --> 01:12:54.600
 most

01:12:54.600 --> 01:12:54.940
 things you

01:12:54.940 --> 01:12:55.180
 need to

01:12:55.180 --> 01:12:55.480
 be licensed,

01:12:55.619 --> 01:12:55.780
 but you

01:12:55.780 --> 01:12:56.140
 don't need

01:12:56.140 --> 01:12:56.300
 to have

01:12:56.300 --> 01:12:56.680
 a PhD.

01:12:57.260 --> 01:12:57.539
 You don't

01:12:57.539 --> 01:12:57.840
 need to

01:12:57.840 --> 01:12:58.739
 understand a

01:12:58.739 --> 01:12:59.060
 lot of the

01:12:59.060 --> 01:12:59.440
 underlying

01:12:59.440 --> 01:13:00.020
 theories.

01:13:00.760 --> 01:13:01.079
 You just

01:13:01.079 --> 01:13:01.500
 have to be

01:13:01.500 --> 01:13:01.960
 good with

01:13:01.960 --> 01:13:02.380
 people,

01:13:02.560 --> 01:13:02.980
 know how to

01:13:02.980 --> 01:13:03.520
 help people,

01:13:03.619 --> 01:13:03.980
 know how to

01:13:03.980 --> 01:13:04.420
 relate to

01:13:04.420 --> 01:13:04.720
 people.

01:13:05.380 --> 01:13:05.800
 That's why

01:13:05.800 --> 01:13:06.420
 many people

01:13:06.420 --> 01:13:06.760
 go to

01:13:06.760 --> 01:13:07.420
 counseling for

01:13:07.420 --> 01:13:07.960
 years,

01:13:08.600 --> 01:13:09.079
 but you

01:13:09.079 --> 01:13:09.539
 don't see a

01:13:09.539 --> 01:13:09.760
 lot of

01:13:09.760 --> 01:13:10.560
 change because

01:13:10.560 --> 01:13:11.079
 the counseling

01:13:11.079 --> 01:13:11.739
 becomes their,

01:13:12.320 --> 01:13:12.880
 it's paid

01:13:12.880 --> 01:13:13.260
 friendship,

01:13:14.159 --> 01:13:14.440
 right?

01:13:14.879 --> 01:13:15.299
 It's the

01:13:15.299 --> 01:13:15.879
 idea that

01:13:15.879 --> 01:13:16.599
 this person

01:13:16.599 --> 01:13:17.399
 helps me feel

01:13:17.399 --> 01:13:18.039
 better about

01:13:18.039 --> 01:13:18.559
 myself.

01:13:19.719 --> 01:13:20.259
 And counseling

01:13:20.259 --> 01:13:20.859
 is how do I

01:13:20.859 --> 01:13:21.259
 help this

01:13:21.259 --> 01:13:21.799
 person feel

01:13:21.799 --> 01:13:22.299
 better about

01:13:22.299 --> 01:13:22.699
 myself.

01:13:23.599 --> 01:13:23.960
 And it'll

01:13:23.960 --> 01:13:24.579
 frustrate some

01:13:24.579 --> 01:13:25.119
 counselors because

01:13:25.119 --> 01:13:25.519
 I feel like I

01:13:25.519 --> 01:13:26.319
 can't, once I

01:13:26.319 --> 01:13:27.059
 begin to press

01:13:27.059 --> 01:13:27.859
 on change,

01:13:28.079 --> 01:13:28.579
 then I didn't

01:13:28.579 --> 01:13:29.019
 know I don't

01:13:29.019 --> 01:13:29.500
 want change,

01:13:29.599 --> 01:13:30.259
 I just want to

01:13:30.259 --> 01:13:30.819
 feel good about

01:13:30.819 --> 01:13:31.199
 myself.

01:13:32.039 --> 01:13:32.819
 I need somebody

01:13:32.819 --> 01:13:33.399
 to hear me,

01:13:33.479 --> 01:13:34.179
 listen to me,

01:13:34.559 --> 01:13:35.239
 and help me to

01:13:35.239 --> 01:13:36.079
 think better about

01:13:36.079 --> 01:13:36.479
 myself.

01:13:38.339 --> 01:13:39.099
 I have a little

01:13:39.099 --> 01:13:39.799
 footnote in here,

01:13:39.839 --> 01:13:40.379
 I'll just share it,

01:13:40.519 --> 01:13:41.479
 but you can read it,

01:13:41.519 --> 01:13:42.399
 but I'll just share it.

01:13:43.559 --> 01:13:44.219
 In this,

01:13:44.439 --> 01:13:46.099
 70s through the

01:13:46.099 --> 01:13:46.799
 90s,

01:13:47.379 --> 01:13:49.679
 self-esteem was

01:13:49.679 --> 01:13:50.819
 the dominant

01:13:50.819 --> 01:13:53.979
 concept in

01:13:53.979 --> 01:13:56.139
 popular psychology.

01:13:56.839 --> 01:13:57.679
 We need self-esteem,

01:13:57.779 --> 01:13:58.539
 kids need self-esteem,

01:13:58.619 --> 01:13:58.960
 we all need

01:13:58.960 --> 01:13:59.399
 self-esteem.

01:14:02.599 --> 01:14:03.099
 I think there

01:14:03.099 --> 01:14:03.519
 were, I think

01:14:03.519 --> 01:14:04.059
 the footnote

01:14:04.059 --> 01:14:04.539
 says there

01:14:04.539 --> 01:14:06.739
 were like 15,000

01:14:06.739 --> 01:14:09.799
 studies done

01:14:09.799 --> 01:14:11.819
 on self-esteem

01:14:11.819 --> 01:14:12.779
 out of which

01:14:12.779 --> 01:14:14.259
 this idea

01:14:14.260 --> 01:14:15.100
 self-esteem

01:14:15.100 --> 01:14:16.320
 is essential

01:14:16.320 --> 01:14:16.980
 to human

01:14:16.980 --> 01:14:17.600
 flourishing.

01:14:19.500 --> 01:14:20.159
 One of the

01:14:20.159 --> 01:14:20.820
 founders of

01:14:20.820 --> 01:14:21.640
 the self-esteem

01:14:21.640 --> 01:14:22.140
 movement,

01:14:22.539 --> 01:14:23.020
 and it got very

01:14:23.020 --> 01:14:23.340
 popular,

01:14:23.500 --> 01:14:23.780
 you couldn't

01:14:23.780 --> 01:14:24.260
 read books

01:14:24.260 --> 01:14:24.560
 that weren't

01:14:24.560 --> 01:14:25.020
 self-esteem

01:14:25.020 --> 01:14:25.260
 books,

01:14:25.320 --> 01:14:25.780
 and maybe you're

01:14:25.780 --> 01:14:26.220
 familiar with it

01:14:26.220 --> 01:14:26.360
 now,

01:14:26.420 --> 01:14:27.100
 maybe you're

01:14:27.100 --> 01:14:27.440
 going to cross

01:14:27.440 --> 01:14:27.780
 it now,

01:14:28.520 --> 01:14:29.780
 but one of the

01:14:29.780 --> 01:14:31.600
 founders began

01:14:31.600 --> 01:14:32.440
 to question some

01:14:32.440 --> 01:14:33.060
 of the tenets of

01:14:33.060 --> 01:14:33.620
 self-esteem.

01:14:33.620 --> 01:14:35.180
 It seemed like it

01:14:35.180 --> 01:14:36.640
 sort of fit everything.

01:14:37.840 --> 01:14:40.400
 He helped develop

01:14:40.400 --> 01:14:41.720
 a macro study,

01:14:42.760 --> 01:14:43.620
 and they looked

01:14:43.620 --> 01:14:45.200
 at these 15,000

01:14:45.200 --> 01:14:45.840
 studies,

01:14:46.520 --> 01:14:47.020
 and out of those

01:14:47.020 --> 01:14:48.240
 15,000 studies,

01:14:48.340 --> 01:14:49.220
 only 200

01:14:49.220 --> 01:14:50.920
 were academically

01:14:50.920 --> 01:14:51.840
 reliable.

01:14:53.180 --> 01:14:53.800
 The rest of them

01:14:53.800 --> 01:14:55.500
 failed on the

01:14:55.500 --> 01:14:56.440
 basis of

01:14:56.440 --> 01:14:58.039
 academic rigor.

01:14:58.039 --> 01:14:59.199
 And of those

01:14:59.199 --> 01:15:00.039
 200 studies

01:15:00.039 --> 01:15:00.760
 that passed

01:15:00.760 --> 01:15:02.180
 showed no

01:15:02.180 --> 01:15:02.739
 distinction

01:15:02.739 --> 01:15:03.720
 between high

01:15:03.720 --> 01:15:04.119
 and low

01:15:04.119 --> 01:15:04.899
 self-esteem

01:15:04.899 --> 01:15:05.300
 in any

01:15:05.300 --> 01:15:05.800
 category

01:15:05.800 --> 01:15:06.479
 performance.

01:15:07.859 --> 01:15:08.500
 And self-esteem

01:15:08.500 --> 01:15:09.100
 actually made

01:15:09.100 --> 01:15:09.680
 no difference

01:15:09.680 --> 01:15:10.060
 what's the

01:15:10.060 --> 01:15:10.340
 factor

01:15:10.340 --> 01:15:11.939
 in how

01:15:11.939 --> 01:15:12.260
 somebody

01:15:12.260 --> 01:15:12.920
 functioned

01:15:12.920 --> 01:15:13.359
 in life.

01:15:13.359 --> 01:15:16.599
 this kind

01:15:16.599 --> 01:15:17.059
 of world

01:15:17.059 --> 01:15:17.579
 is very

01:15:17.579 --> 01:15:18.199
 subject to

01:15:18.199 --> 01:15:18.639
 those kind

01:15:18.639 --> 01:15:19.019
 of fads.

01:15:19.139 --> 01:15:19.399
 You'll see

01:15:19.399 --> 01:15:19.679
 those.

01:15:20.979 --> 01:15:21.739
 What tends

01:15:21.739 --> 01:15:22.159
 to happen,

01:15:22.219 --> 01:15:22.380
 and we'll

01:15:22.380 --> 01:15:22.839
 talk about it

01:15:22.839 --> 01:15:23.339
 later on,

01:15:23.639 --> 01:15:24.279
 is something

01:15:24.279 --> 01:15:25.619
 becomes popular

01:15:25.619 --> 01:15:26.359
 and is

01:15:26.359 --> 01:15:27.179
 popularized in

01:15:27.179 --> 01:15:27.679
 a therapeutic

01:15:27.679 --> 01:15:28.339
 way,

01:15:28.739 --> 01:15:29.420
 and then books

01:15:29.420 --> 01:15:29.839
 get written

01:15:29.839 --> 01:15:30.359
 about it,

01:15:30.399 --> 01:15:30.679
 and those

01:15:30.679 --> 01:15:31.479
 books over

01:15:31.479 --> 01:15:32.460
 promise.

01:15:33.819 --> 01:15:34.239
 So if you

01:15:34.239 --> 01:15:34.719
 look at,

01:15:34.939 --> 01:15:36.460
 if you Google,

01:15:36.579 --> 01:15:37.019
 if you look

01:15:37.019 --> 01:15:37.399
 at books,

01:15:38.339 --> 01:15:39.259
 you'll see

01:15:39.259 --> 01:15:40.099
 things dominate

01:15:40.099 --> 01:15:42.539
 in the

01:15:42.539 --> 01:15:43.539
 therapy world

01:15:43.539 --> 01:15:44.720
 that prove

01:15:44.720 --> 01:15:45.079
 to be

01:15:45.079 --> 01:15:45.560
 ultimately

01:15:45.560 --> 01:15:46.119
 fads.

01:15:46.859 --> 01:15:47.239
 It's great

01:15:47.239 --> 01:15:48.279
 in the

01:15:48.279 --> 01:15:48.800
 history of

01:15:48.800 --> 01:15:48.979
 that.

01:15:50.739 --> 01:15:52.019
 So before

01:15:52.019 --> 01:15:53.399
 we close

01:15:53.399 --> 01:15:55.479
 out this

01:15:55.479 --> 01:15:55.859
 session,

01:15:56.519 --> 01:15:57.100
 just a bit

01:15:57.100 --> 01:15:57.479
 of history,

01:15:57.579 --> 01:15:57.840
 I just want

01:15:57.840 --> 01:15:58.180
 to show

01:15:58.180 --> 01:15:59.319
 you kind

01:15:59.319 --> 01:15:59.739
 of how

01:15:59.739 --> 01:16:00.119
 these,

01:16:01.019 --> 01:16:01.439
 there's not

01:16:01.439 --> 01:16:01.960
 a linear

01:16:01.960 --> 01:16:02.579
 progression

01:16:02.579 --> 01:16:04.060
 in the world

01:16:04.060 --> 01:16:04.659
 of psychology

01:16:04.659 --> 01:16:05.279
 in terms of

01:16:05.279 --> 01:16:05.960
 the different

01:16:05.960 --> 01:16:06.359
 theories and

01:16:06.359 --> 01:16:06.579
 how they

01:16:06.579 --> 01:16:06.979
 function.

01:16:07.519 --> 01:16:07.899
 They really

01:16:07.899 --> 01:16:08.199
 kind of

01:16:08.199 --> 01:16:08.600
 flow with

01:16:08.600 --> 01:16:08.960
 culture.

01:16:09.399 --> 01:16:10.439
 So in

01:16:10.439 --> 01:16:10.739
 the late

01:16:10.739 --> 01:16:11.460
 19th century,

01:16:11.560 --> 01:16:12.199
 psychobiology

01:16:12.199 --> 01:16:12.880
 emerges at

01:16:12.880 --> 01:16:13.319
 the basic

01:16:13.319 --> 01:16:13.920
 of psychology.

01:16:14.059 --> 01:16:14.439
 That's the

01:16:14.439 --> 01:16:14.739
 first,

01:16:14.819 --> 01:16:15.260
 this idea

01:16:15.260 --> 01:16:16.139
 that it's

01:16:16.139 --> 01:16:17.079
 all physicality.

01:16:17.939 --> 01:16:18.300
 Turn of

01:16:18.300 --> 01:16:18.679
 the century,

01:16:18.779 --> 01:16:19.139
 we saw

01:16:19.139 --> 01:16:20.220
 that psychosocial

01:16:20.220 --> 01:16:20.619
 field,

01:16:20.800 --> 01:16:21.239
 Freud,

01:16:21.960 --> 01:16:22.439
 a brief

01:16:22.439 --> 01:16:23.119
 ascendancy

01:16:23.119 --> 01:16:24.720
 connected

01:16:24.720 --> 01:16:25.899
 to modernism.

01:16:26.720 --> 01:16:26.939
 Teddy

01:16:26.939 --> 01:16:27.399
 Roosevelt

01:16:27.399 --> 01:16:28.019
 was the

01:16:28.019 --> 01:16:28.599
 archetype

01:16:28.599 --> 01:16:28.819
 of the

01:16:28.819 --> 01:16:29.019
 human

01:16:29.019 --> 01:16:29.439
 potential

01:16:29.439 --> 01:16:29.859
 movement.

01:16:30.300 --> 01:16:30.639
 There's

01:16:30.639 --> 01:16:30.880
 actually,

01:16:31.139 --> 01:16:31.779
 in Great

01:16:31.779 --> 01:16:32.119
 Britain,

01:16:33.000 --> 01:16:33.739
 the Victorian

01:16:33.739 --> 01:16:34.420
 man was

01:16:34.420 --> 01:16:35.019
 a big thing

01:16:35.019 --> 01:16:35.359
 to this

01:16:35.359 --> 01:16:35.939
 idea that

01:16:35.939 --> 01:16:36.899
 there's a

01:16:36.899 --> 01:16:37.559
 certain way

01:16:37.559 --> 01:16:38.260
 of understanding

01:16:38.260 --> 01:16:39.139
 manhood

01:16:39.139 --> 01:16:40.460
 in the

01:16:40.460 --> 01:16:40.819
 Victorian

01:16:40.819 --> 01:16:41.239
 culture.

01:16:41.239 --> 01:16:41.539
 It was

01:16:41.539 --> 01:16:41.800
 built

01:16:41.800 --> 01:16:42.079
 in this

01:16:42.079 --> 01:16:45.840
 self-promotion

01:16:45.840 --> 01:16:46.300
 model.

01:16:47.880 --> 01:16:48.199
 Roosevelt

01:16:48.199 --> 01:16:48.639
 was the

01:16:48.639 --> 01:16:49.219
 archetype

01:16:49.219 --> 01:16:49.979
 for what

01:16:49.979 --> 01:16:50.460
 happened in

01:16:50.460 --> 01:16:50.859
 America,

01:16:50.960 --> 01:16:51.260
 what people

01:16:51.260 --> 01:16:51.819
 were aspiring

01:16:51.819 --> 01:16:52.239
 to.

01:16:52.899 --> 01:16:53.199
 Early

01:16:53.199 --> 01:16:54.039
 20th century,

01:16:55.920 --> 01:16:56.579
 coming out

01:16:56.579 --> 01:16:57.000
 of World

01:16:57.000 --> 01:16:57.519
 One,

01:16:58.000 --> 01:16:58.679
 American

01:16:58.679 --> 01:16:59.239
 soldiers in

01:16:59.239 --> 01:16:59.479
 particular

01:16:59.479 --> 01:17:00.139
 coming back

01:17:00.139 --> 01:17:00.479
 with what

01:17:00.479 --> 01:17:00.880
 now is

01:17:00.880 --> 01:17:01.500
 classified as

01:17:01.500 --> 01:17:02.039
 PTSD,

01:17:02.779 --> 01:17:03.439
 shell shock,

01:17:05.340 --> 01:17:06.059
 you saw

01:17:06.059 --> 01:17:06.779
 Freudianism

01:17:06.779 --> 01:17:07.559
 really applied

01:17:07.560 --> 01:17:08.240
 to that.

01:17:11.000 --> 01:17:11.640
 Psychoanalysis,

01:17:12.000 --> 01:17:12.539
 30s and

01:17:12.539 --> 01:17:12.960
 40s,

01:17:13.000 --> 01:17:13.520
 psychosocial

01:17:13.520 --> 01:17:14.539
 field reemerges

01:17:14.539 --> 01:17:15.500
 because

01:17:15.500 --> 01:17:16.920
 psychoanalysis

01:17:16.920 --> 01:17:17.360
 just too,

01:17:17.480 --> 01:17:18.480
 it takes too

01:17:18.480 --> 01:17:19.039
 much training

01:17:19.039 --> 01:17:19.560
 to do

01:17:19.560 --> 01:17:20.240
 and it's

01:17:20.240 --> 01:17:20.720
 too expensive.

01:17:21.200 --> 01:17:21.500
 So what

01:17:21.500 --> 01:17:21.680
 does the

01:17:21.680 --> 01:17:22.240
 average person

01:17:22.240 --> 01:17:22.460
 do?

01:17:22.560 --> 01:17:22.840
 Then you

01:17:22.840 --> 01:17:23.260
 get these

01:17:23.260 --> 01:17:23.880
 lower level

01:17:23.880 --> 01:17:25.000
 theories that

01:17:25.000 --> 01:17:25.500
 are more

01:17:25.500 --> 01:17:26.620
 mainstream

01:17:26.620 --> 01:17:27.560
 for people.

01:17:29.520 --> 01:17:30.039
 Biology

01:17:30.039 --> 01:17:30.800
 reemerges

01:17:30.800 --> 01:17:31.140
 in the

01:17:31.140 --> 01:17:32.000
 50s with

01:17:32.000 --> 01:17:32.760
 experimentation

01:17:32.760 --> 01:17:33.079
 and

01:17:33.079 --> 01:17:33.720
 electroshock

01:17:33.720 --> 01:17:34.220
 therapy,

01:17:34.640 --> 01:17:34.880
 drug

01:17:34.880 --> 01:17:35.360
 therapy,

01:17:35.579 --> 01:17:36.100
 and surgical

01:17:36.100 --> 01:17:36.680
 lobotomy.

01:17:37.940 --> 01:17:38.720
 Those are

01:17:38.720 --> 01:17:39.360
 big in the

01:17:39.360 --> 01:17:39.940
 50s,

01:17:40.539 --> 01:17:42.119
 the 60s.

01:17:42.420 --> 01:17:42.820
 It's amazing

01:17:42.820 --> 01:17:43.260
 how many

01:17:43.260 --> 01:17:44.039
 Hollywood stars

01:17:44.039 --> 01:17:45.480
 in the 50s

01:17:45.480 --> 01:17:47.039
 were getting

01:17:47.039 --> 01:17:48.640
 shock therapy

01:17:48.640 --> 01:17:49.980
 because they

01:17:49.980 --> 01:17:50.320
 didn't afford

01:17:50.320 --> 01:17:50.680
 it.

01:17:52.480 --> 01:17:53.079
 Psychoanalysis

01:17:53.079 --> 01:17:53.739
 reemerges

01:17:53.739 --> 01:17:54.220
 because they

01:17:54.220 --> 01:17:54.820
 find ways

01:17:54.820 --> 01:17:55.180
 to do it

01:17:55.180 --> 01:17:55.520
 in a more

01:17:55.520 --> 01:17:55.980
 short-term

01:17:55.980 --> 01:17:57.380
 way and

01:17:57.380 --> 01:17:58.820
 problem-specific.

01:17:59.480 --> 01:18:00.079
 70s to

01:18:00.079 --> 01:18:00.539
 90s

01:18:00.539 --> 01:18:01.920
 psychosocial

01:18:01.920 --> 01:18:02.480
 therapies,

01:18:02.760 --> 01:18:05.119
 CBT,

01:18:05.300 --> 01:18:05.480
 and then

01:18:05.480 --> 01:18:06.300
 pop psychology

01:18:06.300 --> 01:18:07.020
 develops

01:18:07.020 --> 01:18:08.380
 mass

01:18:08.380 --> 01:18:09.420
 self-esteem

01:18:09.420 --> 01:18:10.180
 and self-help

01:18:10.180 --> 01:18:10.659
 therapies.

01:18:11.520 --> 01:18:12.199
 2000 to

01:18:12.199 --> 01:18:12.900
 2020,

01:18:13.720 --> 01:18:14.920
 psychobiology

01:18:14.920 --> 01:18:15.720
 dominates.

01:18:15.860 --> 01:18:16.180
 That's the

01:18:16.180 --> 01:18:16.699
 whole medical

01:18:16.699 --> 01:18:17.280
 field we've

01:18:17.280 --> 01:18:17.920
 talked about.

01:18:20.760 --> 01:18:21.360
 Developing

01:18:21.360 --> 01:18:21.720
 trends,

01:18:21.820 --> 01:18:22.320
 I think that

01:18:22.320 --> 01:18:22.739
 we've seen

01:18:22.739 --> 01:18:23.420
 a generation

01:18:23.420 --> 01:18:23.900
 of mental

01:18:23.900 --> 01:18:24.640
 health issues

01:18:24.640 --> 01:18:25.320
 addressed as

01:18:25.320 --> 01:18:25.739
 biological

01:18:25.739 --> 01:18:26.619
 problems in

01:18:26.619 --> 01:18:26.980
 the medical

01:18:26.980 --> 01:18:27.360
 model,

01:18:27.739 --> 01:18:28.140
 and now

01:18:28.140 --> 01:18:28.579
 it's taking

01:18:28.579 --> 01:18:29.159
 some hits.

01:18:29.880 --> 01:18:31.260
 I think

01:18:31.260 --> 01:18:31.760
 we're moving

01:18:31.760 --> 01:18:32.500
 a bit away

01:18:32.500 --> 01:18:32.859
 from a

01:18:32.859 --> 01:18:33.100
 medical

01:18:33.100 --> 01:18:33.539
 model.

01:18:35.659 --> 01:18:36.460
 Long-term

01:18:36.460 --> 01:18:36.960
 use of

01:18:36.960 --> 01:18:38.199
 psychopharmacology

01:18:38.199 --> 01:18:38.680
 is starting

01:18:38.680 --> 01:18:39.140
 to show

01:18:39.140 --> 01:18:39.779
 limits to

01:18:39.779 --> 01:18:40.359
 effectiveness

01:18:40.359 --> 01:18:40.760
 because it

01:18:40.760 --> 01:18:41.680
 just stops

01:18:41.680 --> 01:18:42.159
 working,

01:18:42.840 --> 01:18:43.619
 and permanent

01:18:43.619 --> 01:18:44.520
 negative side

01:18:44.520 --> 01:18:45.180
 effects in

01:18:45.180 --> 01:18:45.699
 long-term

01:18:45.699 --> 01:18:46.359
 patients.

01:18:47.399 --> 01:18:48.159
 Some basic

01:18:48.159 --> 01:18:48.720
 mental health

01:18:48.720 --> 01:18:49.279
 issues like

01:18:49.279 --> 01:18:50.039
 depression and

01:18:50.039 --> 01:18:50.779
 anxiety are

01:18:50.779 --> 01:18:51.380
 proving to be

01:18:51.380 --> 01:18:51.859
 stubbornly

01:18:51.859 --> 01:18:52.920
 resistant to

01:18:52.920 --> 01:18:53.239
 medical

01:18:53.239 --> 01:18:54.279
 treatments alone.

01:18:54.279 --> 01:18:55.659
 the tendency

01:18:55.659 --> 01:18:56.219
 of drug

01:18:56.219 --> 01:18:57.399
 manufacturers to

01:18:57.399 --> 01:18:58.119
 oversell

01:18:58.119 --> 01:18:59.619
 efficiency is

01:18:59.619 --> 01:19:00.300
 now an

01:19:00.300 --> 01:19:01.439
 established fact,

01:19:01.539 --> 01:19:02.219
 so drug

01:19:02.219 --> 01:19:03.099
 manufacturers way

01:19:03.099 --> 01:19:03.880
 oversell.

01:19:04.219 --> 01:19:04.539
 If you

01:19:04.539 --> 01:19:06.639
 ever see

01:19:06.639 --> 01:19:07.559
 an ad

01:19:07.559 --> 01:19:10.219
 for a

01:19:10.219 --> 01:19:10.979
 drug related

01:19:10.979 --> 01:19:12.779
 to mental

01:19:12.779 --> 01:19:13.539
 health issues,

01:19:14.079 --> 01:19:15.059
 the list of

01:19:15.059 --> 01:19:15.800
 negative side

01:19:15.800 --> 01:19:16.639
 effects is

01:19:16.639 --> 01:19:18.279
 frightening

01:19:18.279 --> 01:19:20.439
 with those

01:19:20.439 --> 01:19:20.819
 drugs.

01:19:20.819 --> 01:19:22.599
 because frankly,

01:19:22.759 --> 01:19:23.479
 most drugs

01:19:23.479 --> 01:19:24.359
 that are

01:19:24.359 --> 01:19:26.179
 marketed for

01:19:26.179 --> 01:19:27.460
 psychopharmacology

01:19:27.460 --> 01:19:28.239
 weren't developed

01:19:28.239 --> 01:19:29.460
 for psychopharmacology.

01:19:29.579 --> 01:19:29.920
 That's a

01:19:29.920 --> 01:19:30.279
 secondary

01:19:30.279 --> 01:19:32.579
 benefit of

01:19:32.579 --> 01:19:33.039
 the drug.

01:19:33.039 --> 01:19:37.899
 another factor

01:19:37.899 --> 01:19:39.500
 with the

01:19:39.500 --> 01:19:40.880
 field is

01:19:40.880 --> 01:19:41.180
 that

01:19:41.180 --> 01:19:42.560
 pharmacology,

01:19:42.680 --> 01:19:42.880
 I mean,

01:19:43.000 --> 01:19:43.279
 it's like

01:19:43.279 --> 01:19:43.640
 you're looking

01:19:43.640 --> 01:19:44.979
 in pharmaceuticals,

01:19:45.019 --> 01:19:46.119
 but you

01:19:46.119 --> 01:19:46.680
 don't tend

01:19:46.680 --> 01:19:47.340
 to develop,

01:19:47.600 --> 01:19:47.979
 put a lot

01:19:47.979 --> 01:19:48.359
 of money

01:19:48.359 --> 01:19:48.939
 into drugs

01:19:48.939 --> 01:19:49.260
 that you

01:19:49.260 --> 01:19:50.420
 can't have

01:19:50.420 --> 01:19:50.939
 confidence

01:19:50.939 --> 01:19:51.359
 that you're

01:19:51.359 --> 01:19:51.500
 going to

01:19:51.500 --> 01:19:52.519
 have a

01:19:52.519 --> 01:19:53.060
 good use

01:19:53.060 --> 01:19:53.300
 in it.

01:19:53.380 --> 01:19:54.000
 It's going

01:19:54.000 --> 01:19:54.180
 to make

01:19:54.180 --> 01:19:54.399
 money.

01:19:55.699 --> 01:19:57.140
 And the

01:19:57.140 --> 01:19:57.720
 reason that

01:19:57.720 --> 01:19:59.060
 psychopharmacology

01:19:59.060 --> 01:20:00.100
 is mostly

01:20:00.100 --> 01:20:00.600
 coming from

01:20:00.600 --> 01:20:01.300
 drugs created

01:20:01.300 --> 01:20:01.659
 for something

01:20:01.659 --> 01:20:02.880
 else is

01:20:02.880 --> 01:20:03.199
 because they're

01:20:03.199 --> 01:20:03.539
 looking for

01:20:03.539 --> 01:20:04.140
 other uses

01:20:04.140 --> 01:20:04.840
 for things

01:20:04.840 --> 01:20:05.520
 and there's

01:20:05.520 --> 01:20:06.199
 some benefit

01:20:06.199 --> 01:20:06.739
 to them

01:20:06.739 --> 01:20:08.220
 because nobody's

01:20:08.220 --> 01:20:08.940
 going to invest

01:20:08.940 --> 01:20:09.500
 a lot of

01:20:09.500 --> 01:20:10.699
 money in a

01:20:10.699 --> 01:20:11.819
 depression drug

01:20:11.819 --> 01:20:13.359
 when they don't

01:20:13.359 --> 01:20:13.699
 know the

01:20:13.699 --> 01:20:14.420
 underlying causes

01:20:14.420 --> 01:20:14.980
 of depression

01:20:14.980 --> 01:20:15.480
 and don't know

01:20:15.480 --> 01:20:15.960
 how to treat

01:20:15.960 --> 01:20:16.579
 it and don't

01:20:16.579 --> 01:20:17.000
 have any

01:20:17.000 --> 01:20:17.699
 consistency.

01:20:18.380 --> 01:20:19.079
 And over and

01:20:19.079 --> 01:20:19.539
 over and over

01:20:19.539 --> 01:20:19.900
 again,

01:20:20.500 --> 01:20:21.100
 with depression

01:20:21.100 --> 01:20:21.480
 drugs in

01:20:21.480 --> 01:20:21.940
 particular,

01:20:24.020 --> 01:20:25.720
 the placebo

01:20:25.720 --> 01:20:27.260
 is as equally

01:20:27.260 --> 01:20:27.920
 effective as

01:20:27.920 --> 01:20:28.319
 the drug.

01:20:28.319 --> 01:20:32.840
 So, and

01:20:32.840 --> 01:20:33.319
 then studies

01:20:33.319 --> 01:20:33.779
 are showing

01:20:33.779 --> 01:20:34.139
 that the

01:20:34.139 --> 01:20:34.939
 personal choice

01:20:34.939 --> 01:20:35.599
 and lifestyle

01:20:35.599 --> 01:20:36.439
 decisions of

01:20:36.439 --> 01:20:37.659
 people can

01:20:37.659 --> 01:20:38.539
 mute or even

01:20:38.539 --> 01:20:39.359
 undermine the

01:20:39.359 --> 01:20:40.099
 effectiveness of

01:20:40.099 --> 01:20:41.099
 medication alone.

01:20:43.759 --> 01:20:45.119
 You may have

01:20:45.119 --> 01:20:45.659
 seen this on

01:20:45.659 --> 01:20:46.479
 universities where

01:20:46.479 --> 01:20:47.380
 the amount of

01:20:47.380 --> 01:20:47.979
 Ritalin people

01:20:47.979 --> 01:20:48.439
 are taking.

01:20:49.899 --> 01:20:50.840
 Do they eat

01:20:50.840 --> 01:20:51.159
 Ritalin?

01:20:51.559 --> 01:20:51.819
 No.

01:20:52.039 --> 01:20:52.500
 They have a

01:20:52.500 --> 01:20:53.960
 lifestyle that

01:20:53.960 --> 01:20:55.279
 they want to

01:20:55.279 --> 01:20:57.119
 undergird with

01:20:57.119 --> 01:20:57.559
 Ritalin.

01:20:58.599 --> 01:20:59.380
 That's what's

01:20:59.380 --> 01:20:59.819
 tending to

01:20:59.819 --> 01:21:00.220
 happen with

01:21:00.220 --> 01:21:00.739
 medications.

01:21:01.019 --> 01:21:01.199
 They're not

01:21:01.199 --> 01:21:02.340
 being, they're

01:21:02.340 --> 01:21:03.359
 being used and

01:21:03.359 --> 01:21:04.039
 then lifestyle.

01:21:04.340 --> 01:21:04.859
 So you have

01:21:04.859 --> 01:21:05.619
 Ritalin and you

01:21:05.619 --> 01:21:06.220
 have drinking.

01:21:07.140 --> 01:21:07.840
 You have

01:21:07.840 --> 01:21:08.239
 depression

01:21:08.239 --> 01:21:09.059
 medication and

01:21:09.059 --> 01:21:09.880
 you have drugs.

01:21:12.500 --> 01:21:13.599
 And so, so

01:21:13.599 --> 01:21:14.159
 it's very

01:21:14.159 --> 01:21:14.920
 difficult to

01:21:14.920 --> 01:21:15.680
 know what the

01:21:15.680 --> 01:21:16.019
 underlying

01:21:16.019 --> 01:21:16.819
 problems are.

01:21:18.340 --> 01:21:20.420
 So, I just

01:21:20.420 --> 01:21:20.899
 don't think

01:21:20.899 --> 01:21:21.199
 you're going to

01:21:21.199 --> 01:21:21.960
 see medication.

01:21:22.119 --> 01:21:22.380
 There's not

01:21:22.380 --> 01:21:22.599
 going to be

01:21:22.599 --> 01:21:23.319
 anything driving

01:21:23.319 --> 01:21:24.180
 medication as

01:21:24.180 --> 01:21:24.599
 a universal

01:21:24.599 --> 01:21:24.979
 cure.

01:21:26.199 --> 01:21:26.680
 After the

01:21:26.680 --> 01:21:27.099
 pandemic,

01:21:27.119 --> 01:21:29.699
 one of

01:21:29.699 --> 01:21:30.220
 things interesting

01:21:30.220 --> 01:21:30.479
 and we'll

01:21:30.479 --> 01:21:30.779
 talk a little

01:21:30.779 --> 01:21:32.779
 about popular

01:21:32.779 --> 01:21:33.380
 language of

01:21:33.380 --> 01:21:34.180
 social identity

01:21:34.180 --> 01:21:34.840
 and politics

01:21:34.840 --> 01:21:35.479
 these days,

01:21:35.819 --> 01:21:36.260
 trauma,

01:21:36.559 --> 01:21:37.000
 oppression,

01:21:37.420 --> 01:21:37.960
 empowerment,

01:21:38.220 --> 01:21:38.680
 diversity,

01:21:38.859 --> 01:21:39.099
 equity,

01:21:39.220 --> 01:21:39.559
 inclusion,

01:21:39.939 --> 01:21:40.340
 validation,

01:21:40.539 --> 01:21:40.939
 self-care,

01:21:41.059 --> 01:21:41.359
 et cetera,

01:21:41.920 --> 01:21:42.479
 has been

01:21:42.479 --> 01:21:43.180
 grafted whole

01:21:43.180 --> 01:21:43.920
 cloth into

01:21:43.920 --> 01:21:44.319
 the mental

01:21:44.319 --> 01:21:45.099
 health world.

01:21:46.239 --> 01:21:46.779
 This is

01:21:46.779 --> 01:21:47.380
 really more

01:21:47.380 --> 01:21:48.779
 needs-based

01:21:48.779 --> 01:21:50.699
 psychosocial

01:21:50.699 --> 01:21:51.039
 model.

01:21:54.380 --> 01:21:54.960
 In other

01:21:54.960 --> 01:21:55.119
 words,

01:21:55.239 --> 01:21:55.519
 what's

01:21:55.519 --> 01:21:55.840
 happening,

01:21:55.920 --> 01:21:56.119
 one of

01:21:56.119 --> 01:21:56.260
 the things

01:21:56.260 --> 01:21:56.739
 you're seeing

01:21:56.739 --> 01:21:57.439
 now is

01:21:57.439 --> 01:21:58.519
 that I

01:21:58.519 --> 01:21:59.260
 have these

01:21:59.260 --> 01:21:59.859
 struggles,

01:22:00.199 --> 01:22:00.899
 not because

01:22:00.899 --> 01:22:01.479
 of a personal

01:22:01.479 --> 01:22:01.960
 experience,

01:22:02.039 --> 01:22:02.359
 but because

01:22:02.359 --> 01:22:02.939
 of a class

01:22:02.939 --> 01:22:03.460
 experience.

01:22:05.159 --> 01:22:06.219
 Because this

01:22:06.219 --> 01:22:07.059
 is who I

01:22:07.059 --> 01:22:07.800
 am connected

01:22:07.800 --> 01:22:08.159
 to,

01:22:08.340 --> 01:22:08.899
 this is who

01:22:08.899 --> 01:22:09.079
 I'm

01:22:09.079 --> 01:22:09.519
 identified

01:22:09.519 --> 01:22:10.059
 with,

01:22:10.380 --> 01:22:11.139
 and I'm

01:22:11.139 --> 01:22:12.000
 sharing that

01:22:12.000 --> 01:22:12.519
 experience.

01:22:12.779 --> 01:22:13.099
 It doesn't

01:22:13.099 --> 01:22:14.340
 mean that

01:22:14.340 --> 01:22:14.779
 there isn't

01:22:14.779 --> 01:22:15.500
 something valid

01:22:15.500 --> 01:22:15.880
 to that,

01:22:16.399 --> 01:22:17.460
 but then you

01:22:17.460 --> 01:22:18.139
 take these

01:22:18.139 --> 01:22:20.239
 terms,

01:22:20.319 --> 01:22:20.479
 which we'll

01:22:20.479 --> 01:22:20.819
 talk about

01:22:20.819 --> 01:22:21.159
 later,

01:22:21.679 --> 01:22:22.019
 and you

01:22:22.019 --> 01:22:22.899
 apply them

01:22:22.899 --> 01:22:23.759
 to what

01:22:23.759 --> 01:22:24.179
 is a

01:22:24.179 --> 01:22:26.119
 class

01:22:26.119 --> 01:22:27.059
 experience,

01:22:27.219 --> 01:22:27.779
 regardless of

01:22:27.779 --> 01:22:28.299
 my personal

01:22:28.299 --> 01:22:28.799
 experience,

01:22:29.099 --> 01:22:29.479
 and you

01:22:29.479 --> 01:22:29.960
 claim

01:22:29.960 --> 01:22:31.119
 victimhood in

01:22:31.119 --> 01:22:31.379
 that

01:22:31.379 --> 01:22:31.920
 experience,

01:22:32.719 --> 01:22:33.759
 and now

01:22:33.759 --> 01:22:34.339
 you have a

01:22:34.339 --> 01:22:34.859
 need for

01:22:34.859 --> 01:22:35.659
 certain things

01:22:35.659 --> 01:22:37.119
 to resolve

01:22:37.119 --> 01:22:37.399
 that.

01:22:38.119 --> 01:22:38.960
 That's what's

01:22:38.960 --> 01:22:39.679
 happening now.

01:22:40.460 --> 01:22:40.859
 It's a

01:22:40.859 --> 01:22:41.559
 psychosocial

01:22:41.559 --> 01:22:43.619
 reaction that

01:22:43.619 --> 01:22:44.479
 really began

01:22:44.479 --> 01:22:45.839
 post-pandemic.

01:22:45.840 --> 01:22:48.619
 two points,

01:22:48.860 --> 01:22:49.319
 and we'll

01:22:49.319 --> 01:22:50.279
 take any

01:22:50.279 --> 01:22:50.699
 questions you

01:22:50.699 --> 01:22:51.100
 guys have.

01:22:51.900 --> 01:22:52.300
 Key point

01:22:52.300 --> 01:22:52.739
 number one,

01:22:52.819 --> 01:22:53.460
 most therapists

01:22:53.460 --> 01:22:53.920
 do not

01:22:53.920 --> 01:22:54.940
 ascribe to a

01:22:54.940 --> 01:22:55.380
 school of

01:22:55.380 --> 01:22:55.840
 psychology.

01:22:55.960 --> 01:22:56.260
 I just gave

01:22:56.260 --> 01:22:56.619
 you three,

01:22:56.739 --> 01:22:56.980
 they don't

01:22:56.980 --> 01:22:57.500
 ascribe to

01:22:57.500 --> 01:22:57.659
 them.

01:22:58.699 --> 01:22:59.079
 They are

01:22:59.079 --> 01:22:59.699
 practitioners

01:22:59.699 --> 01:23:00.199
 in the

01:23:00.199 --> 01:23:00.600
 field of

01:23:00.600 --> 01:23:01.119
 mental health

01:23:01.119 --> 01:23:01.560
 and emotional

01:23:01.560 --> 01:23:01.920
 health,

01:23:02.060 --> 01:23:02.340
 and they

01:23:02.340 --> 01:23:03.260
 will use

01:23:03.260 --> 01:23:03.600
 whatever

01:23:03.600 --> 01:23:04.239
 therapeutic

01:23:04.239 --> 01:23:05.279
 approach they

01:23:05.279 --> 01:23:05.779
 feel will

01:23:05.779 --> 01:23:05.940
 work.

01:23:06.000 --> 01:23:06.260
 They will

01:23:06.260 --> 01:23:07.360
 not reference

01:23:07.360 --> 01:23:07.980
 these schools,

01:23:08.300 --> 01:23:08.600
 not if they're

01:23:08.600 --> 01:23:09.000
 not familiar

01:23:09.000 --> 01:23:09.300
 with them,

01:23:09.340 --> 01:23:09.600
 not if they

01:23:09.600 --> 01:23:11.420
 haven't encountered

01:23:11.420 --> 01:23:12.020
 them in school,

01:23:12.520 --> 01:23:12.980
 but they don't

01:23:12.980 --> 01:23:13.819
 come out married

01:23:13.819 --> 01:23:14.699
 to a particular

01:23:14.699 --> 01:23:15.220
 field.

01:23:15.840 --> 01:23:17.039
 The fact

01:23:17.039 --> 01:23:17.440
 that the

01:23:17.440 --> 01:23:18.199
 tenets

01:23:18.199 --> 01:23:18.980
 underlying

01:23:18.980 --> 01:23:19.360
 these,

01:23:19.420 --> 01:23:19.680
 which is what

01:23:19.680 --> 01:23:19.960
 we're talking

01:23:19.960 --> 01:23:20.480
 about today,

01:23:20.579 --> 01:23:21.340
 are very

01:23:21.340 --> 01:23:22.100
 contradictory,

01:23:23.539 --> 01:23:24.140
 means that

01:23:24.140 --> 01:23:24.900
 it's very

01:23:24.900 --> 01:23:25.779
 difficult to

01:23:25.779 --> 01:23:26.520
 coherently

01:23:26.520 --> 01:23:28.520
 connect these

01:23:28.520 --> 01:23:29.380
 theories into

01:23:29.380 --> 01:23:29.960
 coherent

01:23:29.960 --> 01:23:30.600
 therapy,

01:23:31.579 --> 01:23:32.360
 but people

01:23:32.360 --> 01:23:33.239
 attempt to

01:23:33.239 --> 01:23:33.659
 do it,

01:23:33.960 --> 01:23:34.360
 and what you

01:23:34.360 --> 01:23:34.980
 wind up with

01:23:34.980 --> 01:23:35.840
 is sort of a

01:23:35.840 --> 01:23:36.880
 mishmash of

01:23:36.880 --> 01:23:38.340
 self-understandings

01:23:38.340 --> 01:23:39.579
 that people

01:23:39.579 --> 01:23:39.920
 have.

01:23:39.980 --> 01:23:40.239
 It can be

01:23:40.239 --> 01:23:41.020
 very confusing

01:23:41.020 --> 01:23:41.619
 for people

01:23:41.619 --> 01:23:42.539
 because the

01:23:42.539 --> 01:23:43.239
 messaging is

01:23:43.239 --> 01:23:43.960
 very different,

01:23:44.600 --> 01:23:45.739
 even from

01:23:45.739 --> 01:23:46.519
 session to

01:23:46.519 --> 01:23:46.819
 session.

01:23:48.099 --> 01:23:48.960
 Number two,

01:23:50.420 --> 01:23:51.219
 we must,

01:23:51.260 --> 01:23:51.579
 and the reason

01:23:51.579 --> 01:23:52.019
 we're talking

01:23:52.019 --> 01:23:52.439
 about it,

01:23:53.039 --> 01:23:53.579
 we need to

01:23:53.579 --> 01:23:54.059
 be able to

01:23:54.059 --> 01:23:55.239
 interact with

01:23:55.239 --> 01:23:55.960
 the world and

01:23:55.960 --> 01:23:56.619
 practice of

01:23:56.619 --> 01:23:57.559
 psychology without

01:23:57.559 --> 01:23:58.399
 integrating the

01:23:58.399 --> 01:23:59.039
 worldview and

01:23:59.039 --> 01:23:59.599
 practice of

01:23:59.599 --> 01:24:00.119
 psychology.

01:24:01.460 --> 01:24:02.159
 We need

01:24:02.159 --> 01:24:02.739
 theological

01:24:02.739 --> 01:24:03.380
 discernment.

01:24:03.479 --> 01:24:03.899
 The reason

01:24:03.899 --> 01:24:04.399
 we're talking

01:24:04.399 --> 01:24:04.800
 about this

01:24:04.800 --> 01:24:05.179
 today,

01:24:05.659 --> 01:24:05.920
 and the

01:24:05.920 --> 01:24:06.559
 reason I

01:24:06.559 --> 01:24:07.359
 care so

01:24:07.359 --> 01:24:07.760
 much about

01:24:07.760 --> 01:24:08.659
 people,

01:24:08.800 --> 01:24:09.119
 even if

01:24:09.119 --> 01:24:09.380
 they're thinking

01:24:09.380 --> 01:24:09.840
 I'm not going

01:24:09.840 --> 01:24:10.159
 to go into

01:24:10.159 --> 01:24:10.559
 counseling,

01:24:10.560 --> 01:24:12.080
 is because

01:24:12.080 --> 01:24:12.800
 this is the

01:24:12.800 --> 01:24:13.320
 world you

01:24:13.320 --> 01:24:14.420
 minister in,

01:24:14.500 --> 01:24:14.940
 this is the

01:24:14.940 --> 01:24:15.340
 world you

01:24:15.340 --> 01:24:15.940
 live in.

01:24:16.260 --> 01:24:16.620
 Do you

01:24:16.620 --> 01:24:17.039
 understand,

01:24:17.660 --> 01:24:18.060
 has this

01:24:18.060 --> 01:24:18.720
 affected your

01:24:18.720 --> 01:24:19.420
 understanding of

01:24:19.420 --> 01:24:19.940
 yourself and

01:24:19.940 --> 01:24:20.500
 your problems?

01:24:21.700 --> 01:24:22.460
 Do you need

01:24:22.460 --> 01:24:23.120
 to take a second

01:24:23.120 --> 01:24:23.539
 and look and

01:24:23.539 --> 01:24:23.680
 say,

01:24:23.780 --> 01:24:24.960
 where did I

01:24:24.960 --> 01:24:25.560
 get that

01:24:25.560 --> 01:24:25.900
 from?

01:24:26.340 --> 01:24:26.580
 This

01:24:26.580 --> 01:24:28.000
 understanding

01:24:28.000 --> 01:24:28.840
 of myself,

01:24:30.300 --> 01:24:31.160
 do I know

01:24:31.160 --> 01:24:31.480
 that it's

01:24:31.480 --> 01:24:31.920
 come from

01:24:31.920 --> 01:24:32.260
 somewhere?

01:24:32.400 --> 01:24:33.160
 It fits,

01:24:33.280 --> 01:24:34.120
 it feels

01:24:34.120 --> 01:24:34.620
 right,

01:24:34.619 --> 01:24:34.699
 different.

01:24:36.640 --> 01:24:37.599
 But is it

01:24:37.599 --> 01:24:38.760
 coherent?

01:24:39.619 --> 01:24:40.500
 Is it really

01:24:40.500 --> 01:24:41.059
 what I need

01:24:41.059 --> 01:24:41.659
 to understand?

01:24:41.960 --> 01:24:42.420
 Is it

01:24:42.420 --> 01:24:42.979
 conflicting

01:24:42.979 --> 01:24:43.739
 with what I

01:24:43.739 --> 01:24:44.539
 really believe?

01:24:45.519 --> 01:24:46.260
 I see so

01:24:46.260 --> 01:24:46.899
 many Christians

01:24:46.899 --> 01:24:48.359
 who live in

01:24:48.359 --> 01:24:48.960
 this perpetual

01:24:48.960 --> 01:24:49.899
 struggle between

01:24:49.899 --> 01:24:50.960
 what they feel

01:24:50.960 --> 01:24:51.840
 about themselves

01:24:51.840 --> 01:24:52.859
 and what they

01:24:52.859 --> 01:24:53.479
 say they

01:24:53.479 --> 01:24:53.840
 believe.

01:24:55.539 --> 01:24:56.059
 Because what

01:24:56.059 --> 01:24:56.539
 they feel

01:24:56.539 --> 01:24:57.380
 about themselves

01:24:57.380 --> 01:24:59.039
 is diametrically

01:24:59.039 --> 01:25:00.099
 opposed to

01:25:00.099 --> 01:25:00.680
 what they say

01:25:00.680 --> 01:25:01.180
 they believe

01:25:01.180 --> 01:25:01.539
 and they

01:25:01.539 --> 01:25:02.019
 don't know.

01:25:03.479 --> 01:25:04.319
 And so if

01:25:04.319 --> 01:25:04.920
 we're ministering

01:25:04.920 --> 01:25:05.259
 to people,

01:25:05.359 --> 01:25:05.779
 this is the

01:25:05.779 --> 01:25:06.299
 focus of

01:25:06.299 --> 01:25:07.219
 the next

01:25:07.219 --> 01:25:07.699
 two sessions,

01:25:07.799 --> 01:25:08.039
 we're going

01:25:08.039 --> 01:25:08.559
 to have to

01:25:08.559 --> 01:25:09.239
 understand that

01:25:09.239 --> 01:25:09.920
 people live

01:25:09.920 --> 01:25:11.340
 in this tension

01:25:11.340 --> 01:25:12.099
 between what

01:25:12.099 --> 01:25:12.840
 the world tells

01:25:12.840 --> 01:25:13.079
 them about

01:25:13.079 --> 01:25:13.500
 themselves,

01:25:13.799 --> 01:25:14.079
 what they

01:25:14.079 --> 01:25:14.659
 provide,

01:25:14.939 --> 01:25:15.460
 their self

01:25:15.460 --> 01:25:16.000
 understanding,

01:25:16.159 --> 01:25:16.599
 even the

01:25:16.599 --> 01:25:17.479
 language that

01:25:17.479 --> 01:25:18.340
 they use

01:25:18.340 --> 01:25:19.939
 to self

01:25:19.939 --> 01:25:20.479
 describe.

01:25:22.199 --> 01:25:22.699
 So the

01:25:22.699 --> 01:25:23.099
 Bible,

01:25:23.960 --> 01:25:24.679
 God's word

01:25:24.679 --> 01:25:25.299
 and the gospel

01:25:25.299 --> 01:25:26.259
 don't hit

01:25:26.259 --> 01:25:27.679
 opposition

01:25:27.679 --> 01:25:28.960
 through

01:25:28.960 --> 01:25:29.299
 ignorance.

01:25:30.979 --> 01:25:31.899
 So that's

01:25:31.899 --> 01:25:32.099
 it.

01:25:32.159 --> 01:25:32.460
 If you take

01:25:32.460 --> 01:25:32.859
 a break,

01:25:33.019 --> 01:25:34.299
 any questions?

01:25:34.319 --> 01:25:34.880
 about that.

01:25:36.119 --> 01:25:36.579
 We're going

01:25:36.579 --> 01:25:36.840
 to get a

01:25:36.840 --> 01:25:37.539
 little more

01:25:37.539 --> 01:25:38.159
 street level

01:25:38.159 --> 01:25:38.920
 in the office.

01:25:47.319 --> 01:25:47.899
 I have a

01:25:47.899 --> 01:25:48.119
 question.

01:25:48.659 --> 01:25:49.099
 Do you think

01:25:49.099 --> 01:25:49.539
 it's wrong

01:25:49.539 --> 01:25:50.199
 for a Christian

01:25:50.199 --> 01:25:50.719
 to study

01:25:50.719 --> 01:25:51.299
 psychology

01:25:51.299 --> 01:25:51.960
 with the

01:25:51.960 --> 01:25:52.359
 purpose of

01:25:52.359 --> 01:25:52.840
 becoming a

01:25:52.840 --> 01:25:53.199
 psychologist?

01:25:53.659 --> 01:25:53.899
 No.

01:25:54.139 --> 01:25:54.359
 No,

01:25:54.420 --> 01:25:54.599
 I don't.

01:25:55.340 --> 01:25:56.119
 I think

01:25:56.119 --> 01:25:56.899
 a Christian

01:25:56.899 --> 01:25:57.239
 needs,

01:25:57.299 --> 01:25:57.579
 I'm dealing,

01:25:57.719 --> 01:25:58.500
 I'm meeting

01:25:58.500 --> 01:25:58.779
 with a guy

01:25:58.779 --> 01:25:59.059
 right now

01:25:59.059 --> 01:25:59.380
 who's doing

01:25:59.380 --> 01:25:59.619
 that.

01:26:02.119 --> 01:26:02.619
 I think

01:26:02.619 --> 01:26:02.960
 a Christian

01:26:02.960 --> 01:26:03.319
 needs to be

01:26:03.319 --> 01:26:03.559
 well,

01:26:04.599 --> 01:26:04.880
 he needs

01:26:04.880 --> 01:26:05.039
 to be

01:26:05.039 --> 01:26:05.399
 theologically

01:26:05.399 --> 01:26:05.939
 grounded

01:26:05.939 --> 01:26:06.359
 or she

01:26:06.359 --> 01:26:06.739
 needs to be

01:26:06.739 --> 01:26:07.079
 theologically

01:26:07.079 --> 01:26:07.479
 grounded

01:26:07.479 --> 01:26:08.439
 so that

01:26:08.439 --> 01:26:09.179
 they understand

01:26:09.179 --> 01:26:09.579
 how to

01:26:09.579 --> 01:26:10.519
 interpret it.

01:26:11.299 --> 01:26:11.799
 Now to do

01:26:11.799 --> 01:26:12.380
 a psychology

01:26:12.380 --> 01:26:12.779
 degree,

01:26:13.179 --> 01:26:13.420
 it's been

01:26:13.420 --> 01:26:13.559
 in a

01:26:13.559 --> 01:26:13.759
 secondary

01:26:13.759 --> 01:26:14.299
 environment,

01:26:14.819 --> 01:26:16.199
 you're going

01:26:16.199 --> 01:26:16.939
 to have

01:26:16.939 --> 01:26:17.500
 to be

01:26:17.500 --> 01:26:18.319
 able to

01:26:18.319 --> 01:26:19.779
 use the

01:26:19.779 --> 01:26:20.539
 language

01:26:20.539 --> 01:26:22.059
 that is

01:26:22.059 --> 01:26:22.539
 used

01:26:22.539 --> 01:26:22.979
 and

01:26:22.979 --> 01:26:24.380
 demonstrate

01:26:24.380 --> 01:26:25.420
 competency

01:26:25.420 --> 01:26:26.099
 over the

01:26:26.099 --> 01:26:26.840
 concepts

01:26:26.840 --> 01:26:27.279
 that are

01:26:27.279 --> 01:26:27.659
 there.

01:26:27.659 --> 01:26:28.899
 can you

01:26:28.899 --> 01:26:29.579
 do that

01:26:29.579 --> 01:26:30.239
 without

01:26:30.239 --> 01:26:31.319
 drawing

01:26:31.319 --> 01:26:31.559
 them

01:26:31.559 --> 01:26:31.840
 into

01:26:31.840 --> 01:26:32.039
 your

01:26:32.039 --> 01:26:32.359
 life?

01:26:32.460 --> 01:26:32.680
 Can you

01:26:32.680 --> 01:26:33.039
 do that

01:26:33.039 --> 01:26:33.260
 without

01:26:33.260 --> 01:26:34.439
 so I

01:26:34.439 --> 01:26:34.619
 think

01:26:34.619 --> 01:26:34.920
 we're

01:26:34.920 --> 01:26:35.539
 I would

01:26:35.539 --> 01:26:35.739
 say

01:26:35.739 --> 01:26:35.939
 yeah,

01:26:36.019 --> 01:26:36.319
 but you

01:26:36.319 --> 01:26:36.639
 really

01:26:36.639 --> 01:26:37.199
 need

01:26:37.199 --> 01:26:37.819
 alongside

01:26:37.819 --> 01:26:38.159
 this is

01:26:38.159 --> 01:26:38.380
 what we're

01:26:38.380 --> 01:26:38.739
 talking about

01:26:38.739 --> 01:26:39.000
 to see

01:26:39.000 --> 01:26:40.500
 other guys

01:26:40.500 --> 01:26:41.019
 doing this,

01:26:41.619 --> 01:26:42.300
 you can't

01:26:42.300 --> 01:26:42.899
 stop

01:26:42.899 --> 01:26:43.920
 studying

01:26:43.920 --> 01:26:44.599
 theology

01:26:44.599 --> 01:26:45.439
 to study

01:26:45.439 --> 01:26:45.960
 psychology

01:26:45.960 --> 01:26:48.099
 because it

01:26:48.099 --> 01:26:49.079
 will influence

01:26:49.079 --> 01:26:49.639
 you because

01:26:49.639 --> 01:26:50.119
 you'll have to

01:26:50.119 --> 01:26:50.500
 live in that

01:26:50.500 --> 01:26:50.720
 world.

01:26:51.199 --> 01:26:51.439
 And the

01:26:51.439 --> 01:26:51.939
 problem with

01:26:51.939 --> 01:26:52.840
 vocabulary is

01:26:52.840 --> 01:26:53.559
 vocabulary is

01:26:53.559 --> 01:26:55.000
 very identity

01:26:55.000 --> 01:26:55.439
 shaped.

01:26:55.439 --> 01:26:56.960
 So if I'm

01:26:56.960 --> 01:26:57.479
 living in a

01:26:57.479 --> 01:26:57.879
 world where

01:26:57.879 --> 01:26:58.219
 all the

01:26:58.219 --> 01:26:58.639
 vocabulary

01:26:58.639 --> 01:26:59.259
 goes this

01:26:59.259 --> 01:26:59.519
 way,

01:26:59.619 --> 01:26:59.899
 I'm going to

01:26:59.899 --> 01:27:00.379
 start using

01:27:00.379 --> 01:27:01.099
 that vocabulary

01:27:01.099 --> 01:27:02.819
 to describe

01:27:02.819 --> 01:27:03.579
 myself in

01:27:03.579 --> 01:27:04.139
 my world.

01:27:05.079 --> 01:27:05.939
 And if I'm

01:27:05.939 --> 01:27:06.539
 with people

01:27:06.539 --> 01:27:06.960
 who are

01:27:06.960 --> 01:27:07.460
 totally

01:27:07.460 --> 01:27:08.059
 imbibing,

01:27:09.299 --> 01:27:09.779
 the reason I

01:27:09.779 --> 01:27:10.000
 think you

01:27:10.000 --> 01:27:10.379
 can do it

01:27:10.379 --> 01:27:10.619
 is the

01:27:10.619 --> 01:27:11.199
 higher level

01:27:11.199 --> 01:27:11.859
 you go,

01:27:13.219 --> 01:27:13.739
 the more

01:27:13.739 --> 01:27:14.099
 challenging

01:27:14.099 --> 01:27:14.500
 it is because

01:27:14.500 --> 01:27:14.699
 if you're

01:27:14.699 --> 01:27:14.899
 trying to

01:27:14.899 --> 01:27:15.479
 get a PhD

01:27:15.479 --> 01:27:15.960
 then you're

01:27:15.960 --> 01:27:16.079
 going to

01:27:16.079 --> 01:27:16.359
 have to

01:27:16.359 --> 01:27:16.919
 defend a

01:27:16.919 --> 01:27:17.259
 paper.

01:27:18.599 --> 01:27:19.000
 You're

01:27:19.000 --> 01:27:19.039
 going to

01:27:19.039 --> 01:27:19.199
 have to

01:27:19.199 --> 01:27:19.739
 defend a

01:27:19.739 --> 01:27:20.319
 dissertation.

01:27:20.639 --> 01:27:21.000
 You better

01:27:21.000 --> 01:27:21.500
 be really

01:27:21.500 --> 01:27:22.019
 good at

01:27:22.019 --> 01:27:22.339
 what you

01:27:22.339 --> 01:27:23.619
 do because

01:27:23.619 --> 01:27:23.859
 you're not

01:27:23.859 --> 01:27:24.000
 going to

01:27:24.000 --> 01:27:24.619
 be conviction

01:27:24.619 --> 01:27:27.300
 driven by.

01:27:27.779 --> 01:27:28.359
 Most people

01:27:28.359 --> 01:27:28.699
 who do

01:27:28.699 --> 01:27:29.460
 dissertations,

01:27:29.680 --> 01:27:30.579
 they select

01:27:30.579 --> 01:27:31.180
 a topic but

01:27:31.180 --> 01:27:31.460
 they have

01:27:31.460 --> 01:27:32.059
 some sense

01:27:32.059 --> 01:27:32.439
 of vested

01:27:32.439 --> 01:27:32.979
 interest in

01:27:32.979 --> 01:27:33.439
 that topic.

01:27:34.039 --> 01:27:34.439
 Can you

01:27:34.439 --> 01:27:34.819
 find a

01:27:34.819 --> 01:27:35.539
 topic that

01:27:35.539 --> 01:27:37.399
 is acceptable

01:27:37.399 --> 01:27:38.899
 in an

01:27:38.899 --> 01:27:39.739
 academic setting

01:27:39.739 --> 01:27:40.680
 that you

01:27:40.680 --> 01:27:41.199
 may or may

01:27:41.199 --> 01:27:41.619
 not have

01:27:41.619 --> 01:27:42.079
 a commitment

01:27:42.079 --> 01:27:42.300
 to?

01:27:42.380 --> 01:27:42.699
 Some people

01:27:42.699 --> 01:27:42.920
 do.

01:27:43.779 --> 01:27:44.159
 But you

01:27:44.159 --> 01:27:44.479
 have to

01:27:44.479 --> 01:27:44.760
 really,

01:27:45.000 --> 01:27:45.460
 and you're

01:27:45.460 --> 01:27:45.579
 going to

01:27:45.579 --> 01:27:45.859
 be in a

01:27:45.859 --> 01:27:46.359
 world where

01:27:46.359 --> 01:27:47.460
 like any

01:27:47.460 --> 01:27:48.140
 world these

01:27:48.140 --> 01:27:48.399
 days,

01:27:48.640 --> 01:27:49.079
 it's going

01:27:49.079 --> 01:27:49.300
 to be,

01:27:49.939 --> 01:27:50.399
 you're going

01:27:50.399 --> 01:27:50.659
 to find,

01:27:50.720 --> 01:27:50.939
 it's going

01:27:50.939 --> 01:27:51.460
 to be an

01:27:51.460 --> 01:27:52.000
 assaulting

01:27:52.000 --> 01:27:52.180
 world.

01:27:52.279 --> 01:27:52.439
 So I

01:27:52.439 --> 01:27:52.739
 think you

01:27:52.739 --> 01:27:53.140
 can,

01:27:53.140 --> 01:27:54.600
 I think

01:27:54.600 --> 01:27:54.840
 if you're

01:27:54.840 --> 01:27:55.220
 going to

01:27:55.220 --> 01:27:56.500
 be a

01:27:56.500 --> 01:27:56.980
 licensed

01:27:56.980 --> 01:27:57.560
 counselor,

01:27:57.700 --> 01:27:57.820
 you're

01:27:57.820 --> 01:27:58.020
 licensed

01:27:58.020 --> 01:27:58.480
 therapist,

01:27:58.600 --> 01:27:58.920
 I think

01:27:58.920 --> 01:27:59.460
 you can

01:27:59.460 --> 01:27:59.820
 do that

01:27:59.820 --> 01:28:00.079
 as a

01:28:00.079 --> 01:28:00.360
 Christian.

01:28:01.880 --> 01:28:02.280
 Again,

01:28:02.579 --> 01:28:02.880
 you're going

01:28:02.880 --> 01:28:03.100
 to have

01:28:03.100 --> 01:28:03.520
 challenges

01:28:03.520 --> 01:28:03.780
 with

01:28:03.780 --> 01:28:04.420
 licensure

01:28:04.420 --> 01:28:06.520
 and what

01:28:06.520 --> 01:28:06.880
 you need

01:28:06.880 --> 01:28:07.240
 to be able

01:28:07.240 --> 01:28:07.820
 to be okay

01:28:07.820 --> 01:28:08.180
 with,

01:28:08.380 --> 01:28:09.100
 what you

01:28:09.100 --> 01:28:09.619
 can talk

01:28:09.619 --> 01:28:09.820
 about,

01:28:09.880 --> 01:28:10.140
 what you

01:28:10.140 --> 01:28:10.420
 can't

01:28:10.420 --> 01:28:10.820
 talk about,

01:28:10.920 --> 01:28:11.280
 how do

01:28:11.280 --> 01:28:11.500
 you do.

01:28:11.980 --> 01:28:13.060
 And most

01:28:13.060 --> 01:28:14.039
 Christians I

01:28:14.039 --> 01:28:14.380
 know who

01:28:14.380 --> 01:28:15.000
 are therapists,

01:28:15.140 --> 01:28:15.720
 they find the

01:28:15.720 --> 01:28:16.380
 biggest limit

01:28:16.380 --> 01:28:18.300
 is I know

01:28:18.300 --> 01:28:18.800
 what they

01:28:18.800 --> 01:28:19.720
 really need,

01:28:20.300 --> 01:28:21.240
 but unless

01:28:21.240 --> 01:28:21.880
 they ask me,

01:28:21.880 --> 01:28:22.279
 I can't

01:28:22.279 --> 01:28:22.640
 tell them.

01:28:24.400 --> 01:28:24.640
 You know,

01:28:24.720 --> 01:28:25.520
 my license

01:28:25.520 --> 01:28:26.020
 doesn't want

01:28:26.020 --> 01:28:27.260
 me to impose

01:28:27.260 --> 01:28:27.980
 that for me.

01:28:28.800 --> 01:28:29.560
 So those

01:28:29.560 --> 01:28:29.880
 are the

01:28:29.880 --> 01:28:30.659
 challenges,

01:28:31.260 --> 01:28:32.400
 but those

01:28:32.400 --> 01:28:32.840
 are challenges

01:28:32.840 --> 01:28:33.100
 you're going

01:28:33.100 --> 01:28:33.440
 to face in

01:28:33.440 --> 01:28:33.680
 the legal

01:28:33.680 --> 01:28:34.440
 world if you

01:28:34.440 --> 01:28:34.900
 go for a

01:28:34.900 --> 01:28:35.340
 law group.

01:28:36.340 --> 01:28:36.980
 Same kind

01:28:36.980 --> 01:28:37.279
 of thing.

01:28:41.279 --> 01:28:42.260
 Just curious

01:28:42.260 --> 01:28:43.279
 to hear your

01:28:43.279 --> 01:28:43.579
 opinion,

01:28:43.840 --> 01:28:44.180
 and maybe

01:28:44.180 --> 01:28:44.779
 this ties

01:28:44.779 --> 01:28:45.480
 more with

01:28:45.480 --> 01:28:46.020
 application,

01:28:46.619 --> 01:28:46.940
 the later

01:28:46.940 --> 01:28:47.300
 parts,

01:28:47.300 --> 01:28:49.460
 I've

01:28:49.460 --> 01:28:49.920
 noticed a

01:28:49.920 --> 01:28:50.300
 tendency

01:28:50.300 --> 01:28:51.579
 growing up

01:28:51.579 --> 01:28:52.739
 that in

01:28:52.739 --> 01:28:53.119
 the church

01:28:53.119 --> 01:28:53.560
 setting,

01:28:55.460 --> 01:28:56.380
 like when

01:28:56.380 --> 01:28:56.680
 I was

01:28:56.680 --> 01:28:57.159
 growing up,

01:28:57.340 --> 01:28:58.100
 I felt

01:28:58.100 --> 01:28:58.900
 that if

01:28:58.900 --> 01:28:59.640
 someone had

01:28:59.640 --> 01:29:00.159
 a problem

01:29:00.159 --> 01:29:00.760
 in church,

01:29:01.340 --> 01:29:01.800
 they would

01:29:01.800 --> 01:29:03.340
 consult their

01:29:03.340 --> 01:29:04.320
 pastors first.

01:29:04.800 --> 01:29:05.159
 Sure.

01:29:05.520 --> 01:29:06.239
 But now

01:29:06.239 --> 01:29:06.739
 there's this

01:29:06.739 --> 01:29:07.360
 change where

01:29:07.360 --> 01:29:08.180
 when people

01:29:08.180 --> 01:29:08.720
 have problems,

01:29:08.779 --> 01:29:09.199
 they go to

01:29:09.199 --> 01:29:10.239
 their counselor

01:29:10.239 --> 01:29:10.800
 first.

01:29:11.020 --> 01:29:11.260
 Yeah.

01:29:11.260 --> 01:29:12.360
 And what

01:29:12.360 --> 01:29:12.760
 is your

01:29:12.760 --> 01:29:13.760
 personal

01:29:13.760 --> 01:29:14.659
 perspective on

01:29:14.659 --> 01:29:15.400
 this dynamic,

01:29:15.760 --> 01:29:16.180
 this shift?

01:29:16.739 --> 01:29:17.100
 Well, it's

01:29:17.100 --> 01:29:17.420
 interesting.

01:29:18.420 --> 01:29:18.860
 I'm going to

01:29:18.860 --> 01:29:19.920
 take your

01:29:19.920 --> 01:29:20.780
 exact language.

01:29:21.560 --> 01:29:22.159
 They go to

01:29:22.159 --> 01:29:22.760
 their counselor

01:29:22.760 --> 01:29:23.220
 first.

01:29:23.760 --> 01:29:24.220
 The question

01:29:24.220 --> 01:29:25.360
 is, when

01:29:25.360 --> 01:29:25.760
 did they get

01:29:25.760 --> 01:29:26.280
 the counselor

01:29:26.280 --> 01:29:27.600
 and what's

01:29:27.600 --> 01:29:27.980
 the counselor

01:29:27.980 --> 01:29:28.440
 doing?

01:29:29.100 --> 01:29:29.300
 Yeah.

01:29:29.619 --> 01:29:29.900
 Right?

01:29:30.500 --> 01:29:30.900
 Is the

01:29:30.900 --> 01:29:31.280
 counselor

01:29:31.280 --> 01:29:31.920
 essentially

01:29:31.920 --> 01:29:32.960
 that guy

01:29:32.960 --> 01:29:34.039
 for me?

01:29:35.340 --> 01:29:35.560
 So,

01:29:36.360 --> 01:29:40.960
 I talk

01:29:40.960 --> 01:29:41.380
 with a lot

01:29:41.380 --> 01:29:41.939
 of secular

01:29:41.939 --> 01:29:42.399
 counselors

01:29:42.399 --> 01:29:44.720
 and therapists

01:29:44.720 --> 01:29:46.779
 and they

01:29:46.779 --> 01:29:47.439
 will tell you

01:29:47.439 --> 01:29:47.779
 one of the

01:29:47.779 --> 01:29:48.260
 frustrating

01:29:48.260 --> 01:29:48.899
 things about

01:29:48.899 --> 01:29:49.739
 their job

01:29:49.739 --> 01:29:52.279
 is how

01:29:52.279 --> 01:29:53.000
 people get

01:29:53.000 --> 01:29:53.560
 cured

01:29:53.560 --> 01:29:55.140
 from whatever

01:29:55.140 --> 01:29:55.640
 the problem

01:29:55.640 --> 01:29:56.279
 is as soon

01:29:56.279 --> 01:29:56.779
 as insurance

01:29:56.779 --> 01:29:57.279
 runs out.

01:29:58.720 --> 01:29:59.039
 Right?

01:29:59.199 --> 01:29:59.659
 So, as long

01:29:59.659 --> 01:30:00.079
 as insurance

01:30:00.079 --> 01:30:00.539
 is paying for

01:30:00.539 --> 01:30:00.859
 something,

01:30:00.980 --> 01:30:01.680
 I need you.

01:30:02.560 --> 01:30:03.039
 Once I have

01:30:03.039 --> 01:30:03.439
 to pay for

01:30:03.439 --> 01:30:03.699
 it out of

01:30:03.699 --> 01:30:04.060
 pocket,

01:30:04.500 --> 01:30:05.319
 I think I'm

01:30:05.319 --> 01:30:05.619
 okay.

01:30:06.380 --> 01:30:06.920
 So, if someone

01:30:06.920 --> 01:30:07.720
 has an ongoing

01:30:07.720 --> 01:30:08.279
 counselor,

01:30:08.380 --> 01:30:08.939
 the question is

01:30:08.939 --> 01:30:09.279
 what is that

01:30:09.279 --> 01:30:09.960
 person functioning

01:30:09.960 --> 01:30:10.140
 in.

01:30:10.380 --> 01:30:10.779
 It could be

01:30:10.779 --> 01:30:11.219
 beneficial,

01:30:11.399 --> 01:30:11.739
 it could be,

01:30:12.179 --> 01:30:12.559
 so I'm not

01:30:12.559 --> 01:30:12.840
 saying it

01:30:12.840 --> 01:30:13.059
 isn't.

01:30:13.739 --> 01:30:14.219
 So, I don't

01:30:14.219 --> 01:30:15.139
 like to pitch

01:30:15.139 --> 01:30:16.920
 pastor against

01:30:16.920 --> 01:30:17.479
 counselor.

01:30:18.439 --> 01:30:19.239
 I think there's

01:30:19.239 --> 01:30:20.259
 roles that can

01:30:20.259 --> 01:30:20.819
 be played,

01:30:21.679 --> 01:30:22.460
 but I wouldn't

01:30:22.460 --> 01:30:22.899
 want you to

01:30:22.899 --> 01:30:23.619
 go to pastor

01:30:23.619 --> 01:30:24.579
 as if they're

01:30:24.579 --> 01:30:25.439
 a therapist

01:30:25.439 --> 01:30:25.880
 either.

01:30:26.619 --> 01:30:27.179
 That's not

01:30:27.179 --> 01:30:27.779
 their role.

01:30:28.759 --> 01:30:29.239
 And I wouldn't

01:30:29.239 --> 01:30:29.639
 want you to go

01:30:29.639 --> 01:30:30.319
 to therapists

01:30:30.319 --> 01:30:30.880
 as if they're

01:30:30.880 --> 01:30:31.420
 the pastor.

01:30:31.539 --> 01:30:31.960
 I think they

01:30:31.960 --> 01:30:32.819
 both can have

01:30:32.819 --> 01:30:33.179
 a role,

01:30:33.779 --> 01:30:34.239
 but I think

01:30:34.239 --> 01:30:35.000
 understanding what

01:30:35.000 --> 01:30:35.519
 role you're

01:30:35.519 --> 01:30:36.039
 asking them to

01:30:36.039 --> 01:30:37.139
 play is good.

01:30:37.359 --> 01:30:37.819
 One of my

01:30:37.819 --> 01:30:38.619
 problems that I

01:30:38.619 --> 01:30:40.199
 face is when

01:30:40.199 --> 01:30:40.699
 someone is

01:30:40.699 --> 01:30:41.380
 going to a

01:30:41.380 --> 01:30:41.840
 counselor on

01:30:41.840 --> 01:30:42.039
 a regular

01:30:42.039 --> 01:30:42.760
 basis and

01:30:42.760 --> 01:30:43.220
 they want to

01:30:43.220 --> 01:30:43.880
 talk to me,

01:30:43.960 --> 01:30:44.319
 I have to

01:30:44.319 --> 01:30:44.720
 sort of say,

01:30:44.800 --> 01:30:45.239
 we need to

01:30:45.239 --> 01:30:47.000
 decide who's

01:30:47.000 --> 01:30:47.760
 taking a

01:30:47.760 --> 01:30:48.579
 lead on this.

01:30:49.800 --> 01:30:50.420
 Because if you

01:30:50.420 --> 01:30:51.039
 really feel like

01:30:51.039 --> 01:30:51.739
 your counselor's

01:30:51.739 --> 01:30:52.559
 most helpful,

01:30:53.319 --> 01:30:54.039
 I don't want to

01:30:54.039 --> 01:30:54.739
 say things that

01:30:54.739 --> 01:30:55.340
 complicate,

01:30:55.479 --> 01:30:57.079
 but what would

01:30:57.079 --> 01:30:57.619
 really be helpful

01:30:57.619 --> 01:30:58.340
 is I understood

01:30:58.340 --> 01:30:58.800
 it, let's all

01:30:58.800 --> 01:30:59.500
 work together.

01:30:59.500 --> 01:31:01.260
 you know,

01:31:01.359 --> 01:31:01.859
 when something

01:31:01.859 --> 01:31:02.479
 lists, you

01:31:02.479 --> 01:31:03.939
 know, and

01:31:03.939 --> 01:31:04.640
 they can sign

01:31:04.640 --> 01:31:05.300
 a release and

01:31:05.300 --> 01:31:05.680
 the counselor

01:31:05.680 --> 01:31:06.199
 can talk to

01:31:06.199 --> 01:31:06.819
 me, I'm

01:31:06.819 --> 01:31:07.300
 really working

01:31:07.300 --> 01:31:07.800
 with them on

01:31:07.800 --> 01:31:08.319
 this, right,

01:31:08.380 --> 01:31:08.800
 that's good to

01:31:08.800 --> 01:31:09.119
 know.

01:31:10.420 --> 01:31:11.460
 The counselor

01:31:11.460 --> 01:31:11.819
 may say,

01:31:11.899 --> 01:31:12.319
 listen, can

01:31:12.319 --> 01:31:13.960
 you cover this?

01:31:14.020 --> 01:31:14.460
 They seem to have

01:31:14.460 --> 01:31:15.220
 problems in relation

01:31:15.220 --> 01:31:15.899
 in the church.

01:31:16.279 --> 01:31:16.819
 Can you help

01:31:16.819 --> 01:31:17.340
 them think through

01:31:17.340 --> 01:31:17.680
 that?

01:31:18.220 --> 01:31:18.680
 And you can

01:31:18.680 --> 01:31:19.220
 actually work

01:31:19.220 --> 01:31:20.239
 collegially together.

01:31:21.439 --> 01:31:22.460
 I don't like

01:31:22.460 --> 01:31:23.180
 when people,

01:31:23.539 --> 01:31:24.159
 if someone just

01:31:24.159 --> 01:31:24.600
 kind of goes to

01:31:24.600 --> 01:31:24.899
 the counselor

01:31:24.899 --> 01:31:25.460
 or pastor,

01:31:25.600 --> 01:31:26.100
 they tend to

01:31:26.100 --> 01:31:26.720
 find the one

01:31:26.720 --> 01:31:27.420
 that says what

01:31:27.420 --> 01:31:27.880
 they want them

01:31:27.880 --> 01:31:28.260
 to say.

01:31:28.260 --> 01:31:30.840
 And that's

01:31:30.840 --> 01:31:31.039
 not going to

01:31:31.039 --> 01:31:31.340
 be helpful

01:31:31.340 --> 01:31:31.760
 for people.

01:31:32.539 --> 01:31:33.000
 So I think

01:31:33.000 --> 01:31:33.680
 you can do

01:31:33.680 --> 01:31:34.260
 it, but you

01:31:34.260 --> 01:31:34.720
 have to be

01:31:34.720 --> 01:31:37.239
 careful not

01:31:37.239 --> 01:31:38.060
 just kind of

01:31:38.060 --> 01:31:39.760
 who's going

01:31:39.760 --> 01:31:40.020
 to say

01:31:40.020 --> 01:31:40.480
 what I want.

01:31:43.579 --> 01:31:44.380
 And so

01:31:44.380 --> 01:31:46.140
 it's really

01:31:46.140 --> 01:31:46.860
 helpful to

01:31:46.860 --> 01:31:48.880
 have those

01:31:48.880 --> 01:31:49.560
 three categories

01:31:49.560 --> 01:31:50.720
 and then just

01:31:50.720 --> 01:31:51.300
 go through that

01:31:51.300 --> 01:31:52.020
 in terms of

01:31:52.020 --> 01:31:52.380
 the historical

01:31:52.380 --> 01:31:52.860
 development.

01:31:53.739 --> 01:31:54.480
 But I'm also

01:31:54.480 --> 01:31:55.020
 just noticing

01:31:55.020 --> 01:31:55.800
 there are

01:31:55.800 --> 01:31:57.760
 partial truths

01:31:57.760 --> 01:31:59.480
 in them,

01:31:59.720 --> 01:32:00.260
 which is what

01:32:00.260 --> 01:32:00.659
 makes it

01:32:00.659 --> 01:32:01.159
 difficult to

01:32:01.159 --> 01:32:01.460
 discern.

01:32:01.739 --> 01:32:02.199
 Like in the

01:32:02.199 --> 01:32:03.400
 whole psycho,

01:32:03.820 --> 01:32:04.199
 I guess,

01:32:04.340 --> 01:32:05.280
 biology field,

01:32:05.619 --> 01:32:06.360
 we are

01:32:06.360 --> 01:32:08.119
 integrated

01:32:08.119 --> 01:32:08.820
 dualities,

01:32:08.960 --> 01:32:09.060
 right?

01:32:09.140 --> 01:32:09.280
 There are

01:32:09.280 --> 01:32:10.000
 bodies and

01:32:10.000 --> 01:32:10.840
 souls together.

01:32:11.659 --> 01:32:12.260
 So our

01:32:12.260 --> 01:32:13.400
 bodies do

01:32:13.400 --> 01:32:13.760
 matter.

01:32:14.140 --> 01:32:15.520
 And then

01:32:15.520 --> 01:32:15.860
 there's

01:32:15.860 --> 01:32:16.820
 in the

01:32:16.820 --> 01:32:17.100
 whole

01:32:17.100 --> 01:32:17.860
 psychosocial

01:32:17.860 --> 01:32:18.860
 aspect of it,

01:32:18.900 --> 01:32:19.560
 we are called

01:32:19.560 --> 01:32:20.199
 to speak the

01:32:20.199 --> 01:32:20.860
 truth and love

01:32:20.860 --> 01:32:21.320
 to each other.

01:32:22.000 --> 01:32:22.500
 We are called

01:32:22.500 --> 01:32:23.400
 to speak to

01:32:23.400 --> 01:32:23.820
 our souls,

01:32:23.940 --> 01:32:24.360
 address our

01:32:24.360 --> 01:32:24.619
 souls.

01:32:24.619 --> 01:32:26.579
 And what

01:32:26.579 --> 01:32:28.260
 we do

01:32:28.260 --> 01:32:29.119
 does matter.

01:32:29.500 --> 01:32:29.979
 It does,

01:32:30.079 --> 01:32:30.279
 yeah.

01:32:30.599 --> 01:32:31.279
 It's just

01:32:31.279 --> 01:32:31.920
 that there's,

01:32:32.279 --> 01:32:32.619
 but then

01:32:32.619 --> 01:32:33.539
 it just takes

01:32:33.539 --> 01:32:34.180
 it too far

01:32:34.180 --> 01:32:34.579
 or it doesn't

01:32:34.579 --> 01:32:35.220
 go far enough.

01:32:35.380 --> 01:32:35.659
 It's like

01:32:35.659 --> 01:32:36.019
 there's all

01:32:36.019 --> 01:32:36.500
 these things

01:32:36.500 --> 01:32:37.340
 that

01:32:37.340 --> 01:32:40.500
 controvert

01:32:40.500 --> 01:32:41.439
 the biblical

01:32:41.439 --> 01:32:42.420
 truth because

01:32:42.420 --> 01:32:43.239
 of the

01:32:43.239 --> 01:32:43.640
 direction it

01:32:43.640 --> 01:32:43.779
 goes.

01:32:44.059 --> 01:32:45.380
 So do

01:32:45.380 --> 01:32:45.599
 you have

01:32:45.599 --> 01:32:46.319
 any suggestions

01:32:46.319 --> 01:32:46.880
 for,

01:32:47.519 --> 01:32:48.079
 because for

01:32:48.079 --> 01:32:48.680
 someone who's

01:32:48.680 --> 01:32:49.319
 not delving

01:32:49.319 --> 01:32:50.159
 deeply into

01:32:50.159 --> 01:32:52.899
 seeing the

01:32:52.899 --> 01:32:53.479
 primal goo

01:32:53.479 --> 01:32:53.839
 that you're

01:32:53.839 --> 01:32:54.879
 coming in,

01:32:55.439 --> 01:32:56.019
 how can

01:32:56.019 --> 01:32:56.419
 they grow

01:32:56.419 --> 01:32:57.699
 in discernment

01:32:57.699 --> 01:32:58.379
 at the

01:32:58.379 --> 01:32:59.000
 street level?

01:33:00.000 --> 01:33:00.319
 Are there

01:33:00.319 --> 01:33:01.099
 resources for

01:33:01.099 --> 01:33:01.439
 like,

01:33:02.699 --> 01:33:03.299
 here's like

01:33:03.299 --> 01:33:03.719
 the typical

01:33:03.719 --> 01:33:04.259
 vocabulary,

01:33:04.759 --> 01:33:05.739
 and how

01:33:05.739 --> 01:33:06.219
 that's actually

01:33:06.219 --> 01:33:06.699
 shaping the

01:33:06.699 --> 01:33:07.219
 way we think

01:33:07.219 --> 01:33:07.699
 and shaping

01:33:07.699 --> 01:33:08.239
 our identities.

01:33:08.939 --> 01:33:09.459
 Here's how

01:33:09.459 --> 01:33:09.839
 you should be

01:33:09.839 --> 01:33:10.359
 processing the

01:33:10.359 --> 01:33:10.500
 book.

01:33:10.639 --> 01:33:10.959
 Is there

01:33:10.959 --> 01:33:11.519
 anything like

01:33:11.519 --> 01:33:11.819
 that?

01:33:12.359 --> 01:33:12.719
 Well,

01:33:12.959 --> 01:33:14.099
 Truman's

01:33:14.099 --> 01:33:14.299
 book,

01:33:14.339 --> 01:33:14.500
 and he

01:33:14.500 --> 01:33:14.779
 actually

01:33:14.779 --> 01:33:16.319
 published

01:33:16.319 --> 01:33:17.259
 a version

01:33:17.259 --> 01:33:17.699
 that's more

01:33:17.699 --> 01:33:18.059
 of a reader

01:33:18.059 --> 01:33:18.879
 friendly version,

01:33:19.639 --> 01:33:20.199
 is a great

01:33:20.199 --> 01:33:20.639
 book to

01:33:20.639 --> 01:33:21.359
 understand

01:33:21.359 --> 01:33:21.779
 this because

01:33:21.779 --> 01:33:22.139
 he gets

01:33:22.139 --> 01:33:22.500
 underneath

01:33:22.500 --> 01:33:22.919
 that.

01:33:22.920 --> 01:33:23.180
 He's

01:33:23.180 --> 01:33:23.399
 particularly

01:33:23.399 --> 01:33:23.600
 talking

01:33:23.600 --> 01:33:23.819
 about

01:33:23.819 --> 01:33:24.180
 gender

01:33:24.180 --> 01:33:24.680
 and

01:33:24.680 --> 01:33:25.199
 sexuality.

01:33:25.680 --> 01:33:26.600
 It applies

01:33:26.600 --> 01:33:26.859
 to this

01:33:26.859 --> 01:33:27.199
 as well.

01:33:30.039 --> 01:33:30.680
 Part of

01:33:30.680 --> 01:33:31.159
 the reason,

01:33:31.539 --> 01:33:31.840
 and we'll

01:33:31.840 --> 01:33:32.079
 get to

01:33:32.079 --> 01:33:32.420
 this in

01:33:32.420 --> 01:33:33.060
 the next

01:33:33.060 --> 01:33:33.440
 session,

01:33:35.279 --> 01:33:37.140
 these are

01:33:37.140 --> 01:33:38.260
 all reflective,

01:33:38.739 --> 01:33:39.340
 kind of like

01:33:39.340 --> 01:33:40.300
 art is

01:33:40.300 --> 01:33:41.380
 reflective of

01:33:41.380 --> 01:33:42.279
 human experience

01:33:42.279 --> 01:33:42.899
 in various

01:33:42.899 --> 01:33:43.340
 ways.

01:33:45.340 --> 01:33:46.279
 And in

01:33:46.279 --> 01:33:47.000
 any kind

01:33:47.000 --> 01:33:47.420
 of human

01:33:47.420 --> 01:33:49.520
 art creation,

01:33:49.640 --> 01:33:50.220
 even if it

01:33:50.220 --> 01:33:51.279
 doesn't appeal

01:33:51.279 --> 01:33:52.119
 to the eyes,

01:33:52.119 --> 01:33:53.099
 speaking to

01:33:53.099 --> 01:33:53.859
 something of

01:33:53.859 --> 01:33:54.559
 common human

01:33:54.559 --> 01:33:55.099
 experience.

01:33:55.460 --> 01:33:55.819
 So we

01:33:55.819 --> 01:33:56.539
 should expect

01:33:56.539 --> 01:33:57.000
 all of

01:33:57.000 --> 01:33:57.359
 these to

01:33:57.359 --> 01:33:57.779
 in some

01:33:57.779 --> 01:33:59.159
 sense come

01:33:59.159 --> 01:33:59.680
 from that.

01:34:00.640 --> 01:34:01.439
 I think

01:34:01.439 --> 01:34:02.140
 the key

01:34:02.140 --> 01:34:04.119
 is where

01:34:04.119 --> 01:34:05.000
 is God?

01:34:06.359 --> 01:34:07.059
 If God

01:34:07.059 --> 01:34:07.840
 is absent

01:34:07.840 --> 01:34:08.619
 or if God

01:34:08.619 --> 01:34:08.960
 is a

01:34:08.960 --> 01:34:10.340
 problem or

01:34:10.340 --> 01:34:10.779
 if God

01:34:10.779 --> 01:34:11.180
 is a

01:34:11.180 --> 01:34:12.099
 pathology,

01:34:12.659 --> 01:34:14.479
 then you've

01:34:14.479 --> 01:34:14.979
 got real

01:34:14.979 --> 01:34:16.059
 problems trying

01:34:16.059 --> 01:34:16.699
 to take it.

01:34:16.699 --> 01:34:17.920
 the problem

01:34:17.920 --> 01:34:18.199
 with what

01:34:18.199 --> 01:34:18.579
 they call

01:34:18.579 --> 01:34:19.359
 integration

01:34:19.359 --> 01:34:21.199
 is integration

01:34:21.199 --> 01:34:21.859
 tends to

01:34:21.859 --> 01:34:22.220
 want to say,

01:34:22.340 --> 01:34:22.659
 well, here's

01:34:22.659 --> 01:34:22.920
 what we

01:34:22.920 --> 01:34:23.479
 believe as

01:34:23.479 --> 01:34:23.899
 Christians.

01:34:24.500 --> 01:34:24.779
 There's

01:34:24.779 --> 01:34:25.179
 some good

01:34:25.179 --> 01:34:25.679
 things in

01:34:25.679 --> 01:34:26.380
 psychology.

01:34:26.899 --> 01:34:27.500
 Let's bring

01:34:27.500 --> 01:34:28.159
 them in.

01:34:28.840 --> 01:34:29.420
 But who

01:34:29.420 --> 01:34:30.239
 selects what's

01:34:30.239 --> 01:34:30.579
 good and

01:34:30.579 --> 01:34:31.019
 what's not

01:34:31.019 --> 01:34:31.319
 good?

01:34:31.399 --> 01:34:31.779
 What's the

01:34:31.779 --> 01:34:32.659
 criteria for

01:34:32.659 --> 01:34:32.939
 that?

01:34:35.519 --> 01:34:36.679
 And to

01:34:36.679 --> 01:34:37.539
 what extent

01:34:37.539 --> 01:34:38.059
 do you bring

01:34:38.059 --> 01:34:38.399
 it in?

01:34:39.000 --> 01:34:39.340
 And to

01:34:39.340 --> 01:34:39.720
 what extent

01:34:39.720 --> 01:34:40.159
 do you bring

01:34:40.159 --> 01:34:41.079
 the language

01:34:41.079 --> 01:34:42.159
 in with it?

01:34:42.159 --> 01:34:43.220
 So you

01:34:43.220 --> 01:34:43.960
 start using

01:34:43.960 --> 01:34:44.699
 unbiblical

01:34:44.699 --> 01:34:45.800
 or non-biblical

01:34:45.800 --> 01:34:46.680
 language to

01:34:46.680 --> 01:34:48.059
 address human

01:34:48.059 --> 01:34:48.479
 problems.

01:34:48.800 --> 01:34:49.340
 I'm not a

01:34:49.340 --> 01:34:50.239
 big fan of

01:34:50.239 --> 01:34:50.979
 oh, that's

01:34:50.979 --> 01:34:51.380
 an unbiblical

01:34:51.380 --> 01:34:51.619
 language.

01:34:51.720 --> 01:34:52.920
 I don't like

01:34:52.920 --> 01:34:53.920
 throwing flags.

01:34:54.380 --> 01:34:54.720
 We'll talk

01:34:54.720 --> 01:34:55.279
 about how I

01:34:55.279 --> 01:34:55.619
 would tend

01:34:55.619 --> 01:34:56.099
 to do it.

01:34:57.159 --> 01:34:57.579
 But we

01:34:57.579 --> 01:34:58.099
 have to be

01:34:58.099 --> 01:34:58.939
 careful because

01:34:58.939 --> 01:34:59.420
 there's an

01:34:59.420 --> 01:35:00.220
 underlying

01:35:00.220 --> 01:35:01.199
 theology.

01:35:03.599 --> 01:35:04.199
 If I

01:35:04.199 --> 01:35:04.599
 use it,

01:35:04.680 --> 01:35:05.059
 it's the same

01:35:05.059 --> 01:35:05.680
 with capitalism.

01:35:06.079 --> 01:35:06.460
 People would

01:35:06.460 --> 01:35:07.199
 say capitalism

01:35:07.199 --> 01:35:08.559
 is the

01:35:08.559 --> 01:35:10.199
 most consistently

01:35:10.199 --> 01:35:13.000
 understandable

01:35:13.000 --> 01:35:13.559
 from a

01:35:13.559 --> 01:35:14.019
 biblical

01:35:14.019 --> 01:35:14.639
 worldview.

01:35:15.340 --> 01:35:15.519
 Free

01:35:15.519 --> 01:35:15.960
 enterprise.

01:35:16.460 --> 01:35:16.859
 People say

01:35:16.859 --> 01:35:17.059
 that.

01:35:18.460 --> 01:35:19.380
 Good point.

01:35:20.739 --> 01:35:21.760
 But what's

01:35:21.760 --> 01:35:22.139
 capitalism

01:35:22.139 --> 01:35:22.639
 really doing?

01:35:23.220 --> 01:35:23.539
 It's a

01:35:23.539 --> 01:35:23.760
 Bible

01:35:23.760 --> 01:35:24.199
 fittest.

01:35:25.019 --> 01:35:26.699
 And so

01:35:26.699 --> 01:35:27.779
 we have to

01:35:27.779 --> 01:35:28.179
 be careful

01:35:28.179 --> 01:35:28.579
 with any

01:35:28.579 --> 01:35:28.979
 of these

01:35:28.979 --> 01:35:31.579
 systems or

01:35:31.579 --> 01:35:32.000
 structures

01:35:32.000 --> 01:35:32.619
 created outside

01:35:32.619 --> 01:35:33.159
 the Bible

01:35:33.159 --> 01:35:35.500
 trying to

01:35:35.500 --> 01:35:36.199
 fit it into

01:35:36.199 --> 01:35:36.619
 our biblical

01:35:36.619 --> 01:35:37.779
 worldview to

01:35:37.779 --> 01:35:38.199
 create a

01:35:38.199 --> 01:35:38.579
 synthesis.

01:35:38.899 --> 01:35:39.220
 We want to

01:35:39.220 --> 01:35:39.539
 make sure

01:35:39.539 --> 01:35:40.039
 we stay

01:35:40.039 --> 01:35:43.180
 biblical so

01:35:43.180 --> 01:35:43.939
 we can relate

01:35:43.939 --> 01:35:44.340
 to these

01:35:44.340 --> 01:35:45.180
 things accurately.

01:35:46.500 --> 01:35:47.579
 But here's

01:35:47.579 --> 01:35:47.800
 the other

01:35:47.800 --> 01:35:47.920
 one.

01:35:48.920 --> 01:35:49.760
 All these

01:35:49.760 --> 01:35:50.000
 things,

01:35:50.079 --> 01:35:50.699
 who are we?

01:35:50.760 --> 01:35:51.199
 That's not

01:35:51.199 --> 01:35:51.519
 there.

01:35:51.840 --> 01:35:52.199
 What's our

01:35:52.199 --> 01:35:52.539
 problem?

01:35:52.659 --> 01:35:53.000
 Totally

01:35:53.000 --> 01:35:53.399
 different.

01:35:54.760 --> 01:35:55.560
 What should

01:35:55.560 --> 01:35:56.000
 we be?

01:35:56.519 --> 01:35:56.979
 None of

01:35:56.979 --> 01:35:57.560
 these things

01:35:57.560 --> 01:35:58.180
 have room

01:35:58.180 --> 01:35:58.819
 for eternity.

01:36:00.279 --> 01:36:01.180
 All problems

01:36:01.180 --> 01:36:01.859
 deal with,

01:36:02.180 --> 01:36:02.659
 they must be

01:36:02.659 --> 01:36:03.079
 dealt with

01:36:03.079 --> 01:36:03.760
 before death.

01:36:04.779 --> 01:36:05.699
 The nature

01:36:05.699 --> 01:36:06.920
 of suffering,

01:36:07.039 --> 01:36:07.800
 suffering in

01:36:07.800 --> 01:36:08.380
 all these,

01:36:08.859 --> 01:36:09.340
 has no

01:36:09.340 --> 01:36:09.720
 eternity.

01:36:10.319 --> 01:36:11.000
 Suffering has

01:36:11.000 --> 01:36:11.600
 no value

01:36:11.600 --> 01:36:12.039
 in all

01:36:12.039 --> 01:36:12.380
 of these.

01:36:16.600 --> 01:36:17.460
 In many

01:36:17.460 --> 01:36:17.960
 eastern

01:36:17.960 --> 01:36:19.159
 cultures,

01:36:19.300 --> 01:36:19.840
 suffering has

01:36:19.840 --> 01:36:20.600
 tremendous value.

01:36:21.900 --> 01:36:22.579
 In Hinduism,

01:36:22.659 --> 01:36:23.039
 suffering has

01:36:23.039 --> 01:36:23.699
 tremendous value.

01:36:24.480 --> 01:36:25.380
 In western

01:36:25.380 --> 01:36:25.800
 culture,

01:36:25.920 --> 01:36:26.380
 suffering has

01:36:26.380 --> 01:36:26.819
 no value

01:36:26.819 --> 01:36:27.119
 at all.

01:36:27.199 --> 01:36:27.619
 But why?

01:36:28.300 --> 01:36:29.000
 Because we

01:36:29.000 --> 01:36:30.039
 can find ways

01:36:30.039 --> 01:36:31.460
 to minimize it.

01:36:31.460 --> 01:36:32.000
 suffering.

01:36:32.000 --> 01:36:32.500
 So we

01:36:32.500 --> 01:36:34.300
 have no cultural

01:36:34.300 --> 01:36:35.180
 understanding of

01:36:35.180 --> 01:36:35.760
 the value of

01:36:35.760 --> 01:36:36.100
 suffering.

01:36:36.340 --> 01:36:36.980
 But all of

01:36:36.980 --> 01:36:37.500
 these are

01:36:37.500 --> 01:36:38.039
 saying that's

01:36:38.039 --> 01:36:38.439
 the way it

01:36:38.439 --> 01:36:38.840
 should be.

01:36:39.760 --> 01:36:40.239
 You should

01:36:40.239 --> 01:36:40.840
 not suffer.

01:36:41.779 --> 01:36:42.760
 Suffering in

01:36:42.760 --> 01:36:43.300
 itself is

01:36:43.300 --> 01:36:43.840
 pathological.

01:36:45.260 --> 01:36:46.079
 So we

01:36:46.079 --> 01:36:46.539
 have to be

01:36:46.539 --> 01:36:47.260
 careful what

01:36:47.260 --> 01:36:48.079
 we do because

01:36:48.079 --> 01:36:48.760
 there's underlying

01:36:48.760 --> 01:36:49.520
 assumptions about

01:36:49.520 --> 01:36:50.180
 who we are,

01:36:50.539 --> 01:36:51.100
 what's wrong

01:36:51.100 --> 01:36:51.500
 with us,

01:36:51.619 --> 01:36:52.079
 what should be

01:36:52.079 --> 01:36:52.539
 right with us,

01:36:52.539 --> 01:36:52.960
 how we get

01:36:52.960 --> 01:36:53.159
 there,

01:36:53.300 --> 01:36:54.359
 that we're

01:36:54.359 --> 01:36:54.720
 trying to be

01:36:54.720 --> 01:36:54.880
 right.

01:36:54.880 --> 01:36:55.600
 Okay.