WEBVTT

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 All right.

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 Was he a Christian?

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 Okay.

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 If you were to visit Yale's Silliman Memorial Library,

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 entering through the main entrance and proceeding a few paces,

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 up to your left, just beneath the clerestory,

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 there is a sculpted stone panel.

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 Here it is, rendering a scene that has become the icon for the founding of Yale.

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 The panel depicts ten Connecticut ministers surrounding a wooden table

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 upon which they are ceremonially placing books they have brought,

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 most of them sizable folio volumes.

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 They are solemn in their action,

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 and yet their faces are alight with satisfaction

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 as they view this tangible evidence of their common determination.

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 As they step forward, in turn, and lay their offerings upon the table,

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 each pronounces,

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 I give these books for the founding of a college in this colony.

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 We will return shortly to this historic scene,

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 which transpired in the Branford Parsonage of Reverend Russell sometime around 1700 or 1701.

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 The vacillation on the actual year that this happened was so irritating for the stonemason,

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 because they made him correct the date.

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 See there, AD 1701?

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 They made him correct it three times.

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 And Yale was unsteady on this date,

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 and on the 150th anniversary,

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 they actually celebrated in 1850.

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 Still unsure, but now we're pretty settled that this happened in 1701.

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 Oops, wrong one, sorry, not yet.

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 But for the true beginning,

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 we must go back a little further,

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 back to the foundation of New Haven itself,

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 and the dream and determination of its first minister, John Davenport.

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 We recall last week, if you were there,

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 the animating motive behind the great migration which brought the Puritans to these shores

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 was that they, quote, might enjoy the liberty not of some ordinances of God,

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 but of all and all in purity.

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 This is John Cotton,

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 and his language is echoed by John Davenport, the founder of New Haven,

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 all his ordinances purely according to his own mind,

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 God's own mind in all things.

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 But this commitment that they reflect in all of their affairs,

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 the mind of God, had a clear correlate.

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 How could they be faithful to all the mind of God

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 without knowing the word of God?

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 This was very important to them.

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 If they lacked a thorough and deep acquaintance with the scriptures,

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 zeal was not enough.

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 It must be, to quote the apostle,

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 zeal according to knowledge.

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 Thus, the Puritan vision of godly church and society

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 was bound up with the utter necessity of godly learning.

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 Each community of the faithful must have ministers

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 capable of expounding God's ordinances aright.

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 And so, it was expected to have facility in the original languages,

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 Hebrew and Greek of the Old Testaments and the New Testaments,

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 and further to be acquainted with the expositions of the church fathers,

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 the scholastic philosophers, the reformed theologians, requiring also Latin.

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 This Puritan vision of society, they often compared to a stool,

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 a three-legged stool.

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 Two legs of the church and the state were not enough to make the stool stable.

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 I mean, try sitting on a two-legged stool.

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 It doesn't work very well.

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 They needed to have a third leg,

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 and that for them was the academy,

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 or else things would collapse.

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 Well, by the time Davenport and his fellow pilgrims arrived in Boston,

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 first before they came to New Haven,

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 their brother in there had already moved to form a college.

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 1638, sorry, 1636, my fault.

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 1636, there is the old Harvard College.

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 A little bit later, that's about the earliest woodcut that we have,

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 but it was similar to that.

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 As Cotton Mather writes,

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 after God had carried us safely to New England,

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 and we had builded our houses,

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 provided necessaries for our livelihood,

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 reared convenient places for God's worship,

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 and settled the civil government,

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 one of the next things we longed for and looked after

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 was to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity.

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 Dreading, strong word,

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 dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches

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 when our present ministers shall lie in the dust.

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 Failing such a provision,

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 the churches of New England would be,

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 quote,

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 less than a business of one age,

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 and soon come to nothing.

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 Without a nursery for such men among ourselves,

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 darkness must have soon covered the land,

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 and a gross darkness the people.

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 So you see how important education was to them.

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 Davenport gave his support in these fledgling days of Harvard.

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 Indeed, was himself one of the overseers of the infant college.

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 But he and his clan soon pressed on to New Haven

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 to plant their own colony,

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 where was quickly established a free school

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 for the better training up,

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 this is a quote,

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 better training up of youth in this town,

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 that through God's blessing,

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 they may be fitted for public service hereafter,

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 either in church or in common will.

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 It was headed by the far-famed Ezekiel Cheever.

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 He was the contemporary of John Harvard

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 and also from Emanuel College in Cambridge,

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 and author of that much-celebrated Latin textbook

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 that was used across the colonies,

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 humorously titled Latin Accidents.

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 Not in the, like, crashing and terrible grammatical accidents

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 that probably many of his students made,

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 but not a great name for a Latin textbook

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 or a book on grammar, I suppose.

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 Latin Accidents, nonetheless.

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 New Haveners at the time were supporting Harvard

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 with contributions of corn,

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 but they desired to do more than simply supply a college in Massachusetts.

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 They wanted to possess one in New Haven.

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 And this especially was Davenport's desire,

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 and he began collecting books in the hopes of realizing this dream.

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 So soon, he writes,

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 as our ability shall reach thereunto.

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 Well, that was the rub.

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 For in the strange providence of God,

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 outward circumstances multiplied

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 to repeatedly scuttle the realization of a college.

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 Many of the settlers in New Haven were merchants,

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 some of them of no small means,

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 and would have likely become benefactors

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 of this hoped-for college.

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 But a terrible series of financial losses

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 virtually impoverished the colonies,

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 so full of commercial hopes.

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 The most devastating of these

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 was the Great Ship.

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 In the hopes of...

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 And you can, if you go to the New Haven Historical Society,

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 and you go up to the stairwell,

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 they have an enormous painting,

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 and this is one of them.

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 This is where we got this from,

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 as they insist on me sharing their New Haven Museum.

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 A little advert for them.

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 So, in the hopes of making good

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 their many losses,

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 the whole colony went together

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 to hire a great ship,

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 which they filled with all that they had,

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 in the hopes that these goods

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 might fetch a handsome price in England.

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 It was to risk all they had

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 in one pitch and toss.

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 In January 1646,

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 the great ship was loaded to the gunwales

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 and set out.

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 Davenport, the minister,

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 prayed in classic Puritan fashion,

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 yet expressed their steely-eyed

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 submission to the hand of God.

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 Lord, if it be thy pleasure

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 to bury these,

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 our family and friends,

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 in the bottom of the sea,

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 they are thine.

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 Save them.

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 Well, the ship was never seen again

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 or heard of at all.

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 Usually there's some flotsam or jetsam

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 somewhere on the sea near Bermuda,

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 and you figure it sunk.

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 Nothing.

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 No sign of it at all.

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 Well, when months rolled into a year,

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 the New Haveners feared the worst,

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 that the ship had been lost at sea.

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 But they prayed

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 and asked God to reveal to them

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 what had been the fate

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 of the ship and their loved ones.

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 And God answered their prayers

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 in a remarkable way.

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 We have much historical documentation

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 for this.

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 On one June day,

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 one hour before sunset,

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 New Haveners watched

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 to their astonishment

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 the great ship,

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 whose loss they had so long mourned,

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 come sailing toward them

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 upon a cloud in the air.

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 It was perfectly distinct

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 and visible

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 and came so close

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 that one on the shore

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 could have almost tossed

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 a stone on board,

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 they say.

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 Then suddenly,

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 in their sight,

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 the top masts

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 were torn apart

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 in a seeming gale,

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 the rigging tangled,

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 the ship lurched,

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 capsized before their eyes,

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 and sank,

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 disappearing into the cloud.

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 They watched with awe,

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 then heard the comforting words

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 of Pastor Davenport,

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 that God had graciously sent

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 the phantom ship

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 to show them

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 how their friends

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 had been lost at sea.

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 Well,

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 with the loss

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 of so many precious loved ones

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 came the loss

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 of all their hopes

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 for any commercial success.

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 The disaster

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 nearly put an end

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 to the colony itself.

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 There was serious talk

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 about moving to Ireland

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 or Jamaica,

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 but they stayed

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 and sought to gain

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 a living from the soil.

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 In these straightened

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 circumstances,

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 Davenport's dream

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 of erecting a college

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 would have to remain

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 unrealized in his soul,

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 a phantom

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 like the great ship

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 lost at sea.

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 He would never see

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 a college erected

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 in his lifetime,

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 though he kept

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 the books in readiness

00:11:42.799 --> 00:11:44.059
 for a future day,

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 augmenting their number

00:11:46.139 --> 00:11:47.039
 over the years.

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 The dream never died,

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 it merely lay dormant.

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 And happily,

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 the fallen torch

00:11:55.240 --> 00:11:55.800
 that slipped

00:11:55.800 --> 00:11:56.899
 from the great patriarch

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 of the colony

00:11:57.700 --> 00:11:59.160
 was taken up

00:11:59.160 --> 00:12:00.379
 by a noble company

00:12:00.379 --> 00:12:02.220
 in the next generation.

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 The forward most

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 in this college endeavor

00:12:07.720 --> 00:12:09.759
 had ties with

00:12:09.759 --> 00:12:10.879
 John Davenport,

00:12:11.680 --> 00:12:13.779
 and those ties

00:12:13.779 --> 00:12:14.379
 were actually

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 more than ideological.

00:12:16.300 --> 00:12:16.720
 In 1685,

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 a young minister,

00:12:18.720 --> 00:12:19.860
 James Pierpont,

00:12:19.920 --> 00:12:21.259
 here he is,

00:12:22.019 --> 00:12:23.360
 came to New Haven

00:12:23.360 --> 00:12:24.899
 under consideration

00:12:24.899 --> 00:12:27.300
 for the pulpit

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 there of New Haven,

00:12:31.639 --> 00:12:32.980
 Davenport's church.

00:12:33.920 --> 00:12:34.620
 Preparing to give

00:12:34.620 --> 00:12:35.580
 his trial sermon,

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 he boarded

00:12:36.620 --> 00:12:37.420
 with the widow

00:12:37.420 --> 00:12:39.060
 of the patriarch's

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 son,

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 John Davenport,

00:12:41.420 --> 00:12:41.940
 Jr.

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 Abigail Davenport

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 was his name.

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 Well, despite his

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 absorption with

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 a critical sermon

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 he had to preach

00:12:48.159 --> 00:12:49.259
 the next morning,

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 incidentally,

00:12:50.399 --> 00:12:51.419
 it went well for him

00:12:51.419 --> 00:12:52.240
 and the congregation

00:12:52.240 --> 00:12:53.439
 didn't confirm his calling

00:12:53.439 --> 00:12:54.279
 and he became

00:12:54.279 --> 00:12:54.819
 their pastor.

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 Two things

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 caught the young

00:12:57.799 --> 00:12:58.799
 Pierpont's attention

00:12:58.799 --> 00:12:59.919
 during his stay

00:12:59.919 --> 00:13:00.879
 with the widow

00:13:00.879 --> 00:13:01.919
 Davenport, Jr.

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 The first

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 was a very fine

00:13:05.159 --> 00:13:06.279
 collection of books

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 and the story

00:13:07.839 --> 00:13:09.019
 of John Davenport,

00:13:09.379 --> 00:13:09.939
 Sr.,

00:13:09.939 --> 00:13:11.039
 longing to see

00:13:11.039 --> 00:13:12.480
 a college established.

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 The second

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 was the widow

00:13:15.200 --> 00:13:16.019
 Davenport's

00:13:16.019 --> 00:13:16.800
 young daughter

00:13:16.800 --> 00:13:18.320
 also named Abigail.

00:13:18.840 --> 00:13:20.180
 The prosopography

00:13:20.180 --> 00:13:20.920
 gets confusing

00:13:20.920 --> 00:13:21.620
 because they tended

00:13:21.620 --> 00:13:22.779
 to name their

00:13:22.779 --> 00:13:23.940
 children after

00:13:23.940 --> 00:13:24.639
 themselves,

00:13:24.980 --> 00:13:25.759
 so there are

00:13:25.759 --> 00:13:26.620
 plenty of Abigails

00:13:26.620 --> 00:13:27.180
 and Johns.

00:13:28.240 --> 00:13:29.259
 Well, it was love,

00:13:29.379 --> 00:13:30.620
 but in the young

00:13:30.620 --> 00:13:31.440
 minister's case

00:13:31.440 --> 00:13:33.000
 love was very

00:13:33.000 --> 00:13:33.500
 patient

00:13:33.500 --> 00:13:34.600
 as Abigail

00:13:34.600 --> 00:13:35.580
 was only 12

00:13:35.580 --> 00:13:36.120
 years old

00:13:36.120 --> 00:13:36.680
 at the time.

00:13:38.399 --> 00:13:39.560
 James would

00:13:39.560 --> 00:13:40.879
 wait six more

00:13:40.879 --> 00:13:42.080
 years before

00:13:42.080 --> 00:13:42.820
 they were married,

00:13:43.280 --> 00:13:43.960
 but married

00:13:43.960 --> 00:13:44.620
 they finally

00:13:44.620 --> 00:13:45.020
 were,

00:13:45.320 --> 00:13:46.420
 making James

00:13:46.420 --> 00:13:47.200
 Pierpont

00:13:47.200 --> 00:13:48.259
 the husband

00:13:48.259 --> 00:13:49.600
 of John

00:13:49.600 --> 00:13:50.480
 Davenport's

00:13:50.480 --> 00:13:51.160
 granddaughter.

00:13:51.740 --> 00:13:52.320
 Okay, so it was

00:13:52.320 --> 00:13:53.020
 kind of a family

00:13:53.020 --> 00:13:53.780
 affair here.

00:13:55.200 --> 00:13:56.660
 Alas, sad to

00:13:56.660 --> 00:13:57.900
 relate, for all

00:13:57.900 --> 00:13:58.759
 the time they had

00:13:58.759 --> 00:13:59.759
 waited to be wed,

00:14:00.180 --> 00:14:00.960
 their wedded

00:14:00.960 --> 00:14:02.700
 life was very

00:14:02.700 --> 00:14:03.240
 short.

00:14:03.759 --> 00:14:04.620
 A few months,

00:14:04.740 --> 00:14:05.340
 merely a few

00:14:05.340 --> 00:14:06.360
 months after their

00:14:06.360 --> 00:14:07.720
 wedding, she died

00:14:07.720 --> 00:14:08.660
 of consumption,

00:14:09.100 --> 00:14:10.160
 apparently brought

00:14:10.159 --> 00:14:11.360
 on from her

00:14:11.360 --> 00:14:12.199
 attending a

00:14:12.199 --> 00:14:13.500
 mid-winter

00:14:13.500 --> 00:14:14.899
 church service

00:14:14.899 --> 00:14:16.019
 wearing her

00:14:16.019 --> 00:14:16.980
 bridal gown.

00:14:18.120 --> 00:14:18.939
 That was the

00:14:18.939 --> 00:14:19.839
 unvarying custom

00:14:19.839 --> 00:14:20.279
 of the day.

00:14:20.600 --> 00:14:21.299
 When you went

00:14:21.299 --> 00:14:22.879
 to a new

00:14:22.879 --> 00:14:24.100
 location, you

00:14:24.100 --> 00:14:25.059
 were required by

00:14:25.059 --> 00:14:26.379
 law to wear

00:14:26.379 --> 00:14:27.519
 your wedding gown,

00:14:28.039 --> 00:14:29.299
 and oftentimes if

00:14:29.299 --> 00:14:30.240
 you had had a

00:14:30.240 --> 00:14:31.079
 summer wedding,

00:14:31.539 --> 00:14:32.339
 your wedding gown

00:14:32.339 --> 00:14:33.179
 was a little bit,

00:14:33.179 --> 00:14:35.079
 you know, sparse

00:14:35.079 --> 00:14:36.220
 or parsimonious,

00:14:36.220 --> 00:14:36.779
 and you could

00:14:36.779 --> 00:14:37.480
 catch cold,

00:14:37.860 --> 00:14:38.700
 and I found

00:14:38.700 --> 00:14:39.980
 record of several

00:14:39.980 --> 00:14:40.700
 women for whom

00:14:40.700 --> 00:14:41.519
 this was their

00:14:41.519 --> 00:14:41.879
 fate.

00:14:41.980 --> 00:14:43.120
 They actually died

00:14:43.120 --> 00:14:45.060
 of cold wearing

00:14:45.060 --> 00:14:46.060
 a seasonally

00:14:46.060 --> 00:14:47.019
 mismatched wedding

00:14:47.019 --> 00:14:47.300
 gown.

00:14:47.440 --> 00:14:48.240
 So ladies, let

00:14:48.240 --> 00:14:49.120
 that be a warning

00:14:49.120 --> 00:14:50.320
 to you if you

00:14:50.320 --> 00:14:51.259
 find a temptation

00:14:51.259 --> 00:14:51.960
 to wear your

00:14:51.960 --> 00:14:53.279
 summer gown in

00:14:53.279 --> 00:14:54.100
 wintry weather.

00:14:54.860 --> 00:14:56.420
 It has taken

00:14:56.420 --> 00:14:57.080
 away many.

00:14:58.340 --> 00:14:59.560
 Now, Davenport's

00:14:59.560 --> 00:15:01.040
 grandson-in-law,

00:15:01.580 --> 00:15:02.540
 James Pierpont,

00:15:02.960 --> 00:15:03.800
 undertook to

00:15:03.800 --> 00:15:04.899
 revive the dream.

00:15:04.899 --> 00:15:06.360
 He purchased

00:15:06.360 --> 00:15:07.600
 the languishing

00:15:07.600 --> 00:15:08.919
 library, which

00:15:08.919 --> 00:15:09.559
 was technically

00:15:09.559 --> 00:15:10.139
 owned by the

00:15:10.139 --> 00:15:10.639
 town of New

00:15:10.639 --> 00:15:11.159
 Haven, and

00:15:11.159 --> 00:15:12.039
 set in motion

00:15:12.039 --> 00:15:12.959
 a new beginning.

00:15:14.399 --> 00:15:16.360
 At Pierpont's

00:15:16.360 --> 00:15:18.519
 side, in this

00:15:18.519 --> 00:15:19.379
 rekindled

00:15:19.379 --> 00:15:20.600
 endeavor, was

00:15:20.600 --> 00:15:21.259
 another local

00:15:21.259 --> 00:15:22.500
 minister, Abraham

00:15:22.500 --> 00:15:23.819
 Pearson, Jr.

00:15:24.079 --> 00:15:24.819
 Abraham Pearson,

00:15:24.939 --> 00:15:25.159
 Jr.

00:15:25.240 --> 00:15:26.079
 His father was

00:15:26.079 --> 00:15:26.600
 also named

00:15:26.600 --> 00:15:27.559
 Abraham Pearson.

00:15:29.000 --> 00:15:30.139
 Abraham Pearson,

00:15:30.379 --> 00:15:31.199
 who would

00:15:31.199 --> 00:15:32.079
 shortly become

00:15:32.079 --> 00:15:32.600
 the first

00:15:32.600 --> 00:15:33.019
 president,

00:15:33.139 --> 00:15:33.659
 well then called

00:15:33.659 --> 00:15:34.480
 rector of the

00:15:34.480 --> 00:15:34.799
 college.

00:15:34.899 --> 00:15:36.679
 was more

00:15:36.679 --> 00:15:37.220
 than

00:15:37.220 --> 00:15:38.139
 Pearson's

00:15:38.139 --> 00:15:39.860
 Pierpont's

00:15:39.860 --> 00:15:42.419
 comrade-in-arms

00:15:42.419 --> 00:15:43.039
 for realizing

00:15:43.039 --> 00:15:43.559
 this vision.

00:15:43.860 --> 00:15:44.539
 He was also

00:15:44.539 --> 00:15:45.240
 his uncle,

00:15:45.840 --> 00:15:47.019
 for he was

00:15:47.019 --> 00:15:48.600
 brother to

00:15:48.600 --> 00:15:49.819
 the mother of

00:15:49.819 --> 00:15:50.480
 Pierpont's

00:15:50.480 --> 00:15:51.419
 deceased bride,

00:15:51.639 --> 00:15:52.019
 Abigail.

00:15:52.279 --> 00:15:52.679
 Don't worry

00:15:52.679 --> 00:15:53.100
 about it.

00:15:53.199 --> 00:15:53.699
 It's best to

00:15:53.699 --> 00:15:54.319
 look at a chart

00:15:54.319 --> 00:15:54.959
 at this point.

00:15:55.539 --> 00:15:56.539
 All this to

00:15:56.539 --> 00:15:57.399
 say, the

00:15:57.399 --> 00:15:58.220
 founding of

00:15:58.220 --> 00:15:58.779
 Yale was

00:15:58.779 --> 00:15:59.559
 largely a

00:15:59.559 --> 00:16:00.360
 family affair.

00:16:00.360 --> 00:16:00.419
 there.

00:16:02.639 --> 00:16:03.600
 There we go.

00:16:05.000 --> 00:16:05.960
 So, when the

00:16:05.960 --> 00:16:06.759
 ministers gathered

00:16:06.759 --> 00:16:07.460
 that memorable

00:16:07.460 --> 00:16:08.240
 day at that

00:16:08.240 --> 00:16:08.779
 home of

00:16:08.779 --> 00:16:10.259
 Samuel Russell,

00:16:10.940 --> 00:16:12.060
 Reverend Russell,

00:16:13.060 --> 00:16:13.680
 on the far

00:16:13.680 --> 00:16:14.100
 side of the

00:16:14.100 --> 00:16:14.779
 old Branford

00:16:14.779 --> 00:16:15.680
 Green,

00:16:15.879 --> 00:16:17.759
 to deposit

00:16:17.759 --> 00:16:18.519
 their gift of

00:16:18.519 --> 00:16:19.779
 books sometime

00:16:19.779 --> 00:16:20.840
 in 1700,

00:16:21.220 --> 00:16:21.759
 or maybe even

00:16:21.759 --> 00:16:22.159
 earlier,

00:16:22.399 --> 00:16:23.480
 it was not

00:16:23.480 --> 00:16:24.620
 something new

00:16:24.620 --> 00:16:25.720
 that they were

00:16:25.720 --> 00:16:26.039
 doing,

00:16:26.360 --> 00:16:27.500
 simply something

00:16:27.500 --> 00:16:28.340
 renewed.

00:16:29.059 --> 00:16:29.419
 President

00:16:29.419 --> 00:16:30.820
 Clapp, in

00:16:30.820 --> 00:16:31.639
 his Annals of

00:16:31.639 --> 00:16:32.379
 the History of

00:16:32.379 --> 00:16:33.179
 Yale College,

00:16:33.620 --> 00:16:34.279
 records the

00:16:34.279 --> 00:16:34.659
 incident.

00:16:35.159 --> 00:16:35.639
 Meeting at

00:16:35.639 --> 00:16:36.399
 Branford, he

00:16:36.399 --> 00:16:37.059
 writes, each

00:16:37.059 --> 00:16:38.320
 member referring

00:16:38.320 --> 00:16:39.039
 to the ten

00:16:39.039 --> 00:16:40.320
 ministers that

00:16:40.320 --> 00:16:41.740
 he had just

00:16:41.740 --> 00:16:42.679
 listed, which

00:16:42.679 --> 00:16:43.159
 he kind of

00:16:43.159 --> 00:16:44.120
 oddly designates

00:16:44.120 --> 00:16:44.519
 as the

00:16:44.519 --> 00:16:45.360
 undertakers,

00:16:45.600 --> 00:16:46.419
 because they

00:16:46.419 --> 00:16:47.220
 undertook this

00:16:47.220 --> 00:16:47.960
 thing, so the

00:16:47.960 --> 00:16:49.039
 ten undertakers

00:16:49.039 --> 00:16:50.019
 that got Yale

00:16:50.019 --> 00:16:50.659
 established,

00:16:51.980 --> 00:16:52.580
 brought a

00:16:52.580 --> 00:16:52.899
 number,

00:16:53.200 --> 00:16:54.899
 Clapp continues

00:16:54.899 --> 00:16:55.299
 to write,

00:16:55.379 --> 00:16:55.940
 brought a

00:16:55.940 --> 00:16:56.460
 number of

00:16:56.460 --> 00:16:57.200
 books and

00:16:57.200 --> 00:16:57.840
 presented them,

00:16:58.140 --> 00:16:58.700
 laying them

00:16:58.700 --> 00:16:59.040
 on the

00:16:59.040 --> 00:16:59.960
 table, and

00:16:59.960 --> 00:17:00.740
 said these

00:17:00.740 --> 00:17:01.379
 words, or

00:17:01.379 --> 00:17:01.759
 to this

00:17:01.759 --> 00:17:02.400
 effect, I

00:17:02.400 --> 00:17:02.920
 give these

00:17:02.920 --> 00:17:03.720
 books for

00:17:03.720 --> 00:17:04.340
 the founding

00:17:04.340 --> 00:17:04.779
 of a

00:17:04.779 --> 00:17:05.640
 college in

00:17:05.640 --> 00:17:06.759
 this colony.

00:17:07.720 --> 00:17:08.200
 Reverend

00:17:08.200 --> 00:17:09.140
 Russell of

00:17:09.140 --> 00:17:09.779
 Branford was

00:17:09.779 --> 00:17:10.660
 appointed to

00:17:10.660 --> 00:17:10.980
 be the

00:17:10.980 --> 00:17:11.640
 keeper of

00:17:11.640 --> 00:17:12.259
 the library,

00:17:12.860 --> 00:17:13.900
 which then

00:17:13.900 --> 00:17:14.680
 consisted of

00:17:14.680 --> 00:17:15.740
 about 40

00:17:15.740 --> 00:17:16.980
 volumes in

00:17:16.980 --> 00:17:17.620
 folio.

00:17:19.799 --> 00:17:19.980
 The

00:17:19.980 --> 00:17:21.059
 Branford

00:17:21.059 --> 00:17:21.900
 Crest,

00:17:22.019 --> 00:17:22.340
 those of

00:17:22.340 --> 00:17:22.620
 you that

00:17:22.620 --> 00:17:23.200
 know Branford

00:17:23.200 --> 00:17:23.519
 College,

00:17:23.600 --> 00:17:23.960
 this is the

00:17:23.960 --> 00:17:24.299
 Branford

00:17:24.299 --> 00:17:24.660
 College

00:17:24.660 --> 00:17:25.819
 Crest,

00:17:25.819 --> 00:17:25.859
 Crest.

00:17:26.799 --> 00:17:27.299
 This

00:17:27.299 --> 00:17:30.599
 points

00:17:30.599 --> 00:17:31.720
 toward the

00:17:31.720 --> 00:17:33.399
 books that

00:17:33.399 --> 00:17:34.179
 were the

00:17:34.179 --> 00:17:34.759
 bequest of

00:17:34.759 --> 00:17:35.200
 these ten

00:17:35.200 --> 00:17:35.879
 ministers, so

00:17:35.879 --> 00:17:36.259
 the ten

00:17:36.259 --> 00:17:37.319
 books refer

00:17:37.319 --> 00:17:37.939
 to that

00:17:37.939 --> 00:17:38.639
 founding

00:17:38.639 --> 00:17:39.419
 incident.

00:17:39.659 --> 00:17:40.159
 That's where

00:17:40.159 --> 00:17:41.379
 that crest

00:17:41.379 --> 00:17:41.839
 comes from.

00:17:42.859 --> 00:17:43.659
 It has been

00:17:43.659 --> 00:17:44.819
 charged by a

00:17:44.819 --> 00:17:45.599
 few skeptics

00:17:45.599 --> 00:17:46.279
 that this

00:17:46.279 --> 00:17:47.079
 founding event

00:17:47.079 --> 00:17:48.359
 was contrived

00:17:48.359 --> 00:17:49.039
 in the romantic

00:17:49.039 --> 00:17:50.159
 imagination of

00:17:50.159 --> 00:17:51.039
 President Clapp,

00:17:51.460 --> 00:17:52.899
 whose alone

00:17:52.900 --> 00:17:53.700
 is the

00:17:53.700 --> 00:17:54.740
 testimony, an

00:17:54.740 --> 00:17:55.220
 occasional

00:17:55.220 --> 00:17:56.040
 reference you

00:17:56.040 --> 00:17:56.720
 can find in

00:17:56.720 --> 00:17:58.080
 modern volumes

00:17:58.080 --> 00:17:58.900
 to the

00:17:58.900 --> 00:18:00.300
 legend of

00:18:00.300 --> 00:18:00.840
 the 40

00:18:00.840 --> 00:18:01.580
 folios.

00:18:02.280 --> 00:18:02.840
 The

00:18:02.840 --> 00:18:03.420
 subversive

00:18:03.420 --> 00:18:04.480
 question is

00:18:04.480 --> 00:18:04.840
 asked,

00:18:05.300 --> 00:18:06.400
 what collection

00:18:06.400 --> 00:18:07.740
 of aged

00:18:07.740 --> 00:18:08.700
 ministers could

00:18:08.700 --> 00:18:09.660
 have toted to

00:18:09.660 --> 00:18:10.900
 Branford on

00:18:10.900 --> 00:18:12.340
 horseback 40

00:18:12.340 --> 00:18:14.280
 enormous folio

00:18:14.280 --> 00:18:14.680
 volumes?

00:18:14.759 --> 00:18:15.580
 So like folio,

00:18:15.820 --> 00:18:16.700
 very, very

00:18:16.700 --> 00:18:17.120
 large.

00:18:17.880 --> 00:18:19.380
 After all, a

00:18:19.380 --> 00:18:20.500
 folio would

00:18:20.500 --> 00:18:21.500
 scarcely fit into

00:18:21.500 --> 00:18:22.420
 the saddlebag of

00:18:22.420 --> 00:18:23.440
 a minister and

00:18:23.440 --> 00:18:24.180
 might weigh as

00:18:24.180 --> 00:18:25.259
 much as a hefty

00:18:25.259 --> 00:18:25.660
 dumbbell.

00:18:26.640 --> 00:18:27.299
 So they think

00:18:27.299 --> 00:18:27.720
 that the whole

00:18:27.720 --> 00:18:29.200
 story implausible.

00:18:30.079 --> 00:18:31.980
 But Clapp does

00:18:31.980 --> 00:18:32.880
 not tell us that

00:18:32.880 --> 00:18:33.299
 the ministers

00:18:33.299 --> 00:18:34.480
 brought all the

00:18:34.480 --> 00:18:35.240
 40 folios,

00:18:35.579 --> 00:18:36.380
 simply that the

00:18:36.380 --> 00:18:37.460
 collected library

00:18:37.460 --> 00:18:38.200
 by that time

00:18:38.200 --> 00:18:39.019
 consisted of

00:18:39.019 --> 00:18:39.980
 about 40

00:18:39.980 --> 00:18:40.500
 folios.

00:18:40.980 --> 00:18:41.640
 And we can be

00:18:41.640 --> 00:18:42.680
 quite confident

00:18:42.680 --> 00:18:43.500
 that these

00:18:43.500 --> 00:18:44.640
 ministers did

00:18:44.640 --> 00:18:45.519
 indeed covenant

00:18:45.519 --> 00:18:46.859
 to donate books

00:18:46.859 --> 00:18:47.640
 from their own

00:18:47.640 --> 00:18:48.660
 scanty libraries.

00:18:49.259 --> 00:18:50.000
 We have a

00:18:50.000 --> 00:18:50.660
 letter preserved

00:18:50.660 --> 00:18:51.240
 from one of

00:18:51.240 --> 00:18:51.660
 their number,

00:18:51.819 --> 00:18:52.700
 James Noyes

00:18:52.700 --> 00:18:53.559
 of October

00:18:53.559 --> 00:18:54.900
 28, 1701.

00:18:55.319 --> 00:18:56.539
 He apologizes

00:18:56.539 --> 00:18:57.420
 that due to

00:18:57.420 --> 00:18:58.299
 his advanced

00:18:58.299 --> 00:18:59.720
 age, quote,

00:19:00.059 --> 00:19:01.140
 my will is

00:19:01.140 --> 00:19:02.059
 more than my

00:19:02.059 --> 00:19:03.579
 strength, and

00:19:03.579 --> 00:19:04.079
 that the trip

00:19:04.079 --> 00:19:05.779
 for him is a

00:19:05.779 --> 00:19:06.500
 journey over

00:19:06.500 --> 00:19:07.160
 two rivers.

00:19:07.819 --> 00:19:08.500
 He could not

00:19:08.500 --> 00:19:09.559
 present himself,

00:19:10.200 --> 00:19:11.299
 but he would

00:19:11.299 --> 00:19:12.019
 present his

00:19:12.019 --> 00:19:12.460
 books.

00:19:13.180 --> 00:19:14.400
 I do desire

00:19:14.400 --> 00:19:15.039
 and empower

00:19:15.039 --> 00:19:16.559
 my brother to

00:19:16.559 --> 00:19:17.380
 give out my

00:19:17.380 --> 00:19:18.359
 books at his

00:19:18.359 --> 00:19:19.940
 house my full

00:19:19.940 --> 00:19:20.660
 proportion.

00:19:21.240 --> 00:19:22.279
 for, quote,

00:19:22.380 --> 00:19:23.640
 in nothing I

00:19:23.640 --> 00:19:24.700
 would be behind

00:19:24.700 --> 00:19:26.220
 hand in so

00:19:26.220 --> 00:19:27.420
 public a good.

00:19:28.339 --> 00:19:29.180
 So we know

00:19:29.180 --> 00:19:29.900
 from letters that

00:19:29.900 --> 00:19:30.640
 this actually did

00:19:30.640 --> 00:19:30.960
 happen.

00:19:31.200 --> 00:19:32.180
 It's not a myth.

00:19:32.259 --> 00:19:32.779
 It's not a

00:19:32.779 --> 00:19:33.099
 legend.

00:19:34.380 --> 00:19:35.440
 Clearly, there was

00:19:35.440 --> 00:19:36.339
 the presentation of

00:19:36.339 --> 00:19:36.660
 books.

00:19:37.220 --> 00:19:38.339
 And further, it did

00:19:38.339 --> 00:19:39.339
 take place in

00:19:39.339 --> 00:19:40.500
 Brantford in the

00:19:40.500 --> 00:19:41.259
 parlor of Parson

00:19:41.259 --> 00:19:42.460
 Russell, who was

00:19:42.460 --> 00:19:43.640
 given care and keep

00:19:43.640 --> 00:19:44.579
 of the library.

00:19:44.579 --> 00:19:46.480
 In fact, we have

00:19:46.480 --> 00:19:47.559
 two independent

00:19:47.559 --> 00:19:49.179
 accounts of how

00:19:49.179 --> 00:19:50.339
 one of the books

00:19:50.339 --> 00:19:51.699
 was damaged, and

00:19:51.699 --> 00:19:52.279
 that through a

00:19:52.279 --> 00:19:52.899
 rather odd

00:19:52.899 --> 00:19:53.419
 occurrence.

00:19:53.579 --> 00:19:55.439
 It seems that a

00:19:55.439 --> 00:19:56.939
 pane of the glass

00:19:56.939 --> 00:19:58.539
 in Russell's

00:19:58.539 --> 00:20:00.679
 parlor window was

00:20:00.679 --> 00:20:01.799
 defectively

00:20:01.799 --> 00:20:04.039
 convex, and on a

00:20:04.039 --> 00:20:05.259
 particularly bright

00:20:05.259 --> 00:20:07.240
 day, concentrated

00:20:07.240 --> 00:20:08.960
 the sun's rays

00:20:08.960 --> 00:20:10.359
 directly upon one

00:20:10.359 --> 00:20:11.439
 of the bequeathed

00:20:11.439 --> 00:20:13.179
 folios, burning a

00:20:13.180 --> 00:20:13.940
 hole through the

00:20:13.940 --> 00:20:14.920
 cover and into

00:20:14.920 --> 00:20:15.660
 the first few

00:20:15.660 --> 00:20:16.100
 pages.

00:20:17.400 --> 00:20:18.680
 And this sad

00:20:18.680 --> 00:20:19.820
 loss was

00:20:19.820 --> 00:20:20.580
 remembered and

00:20:20.580 --> 00:20:21.400
 passed down by

00:20:21.400 --> 00:20:21.820
 the Russell

00:20:21.820 --> 00:20:22.620
 descendants in

00:20:22.620 --> 00:20:23.560
 Brantford, and

00:20:23.560 --> 00:20:24.440
 the damage was

00:20:24.440 --> 00:20:25.779
 noted by those

00:20:25.779 --> 00:20:26.519
 who received the

00:20:26.519 --> 00:20:26.920
 books from

00:20:26.920 --> 00:20:28.259
 Russell's care when

00:20:28.259 --> 00:20:29.019
 the college got

00:20:29.019 --> 00:20:29.480
 started.

00:20:30.360 --> 00:20:32.299
 So the gift of

00:20:32.299 --> 00:20:33.740
 books at the

00:20:33.740 --> 00:20:35.140
 act of founding is

00:20:35.140 --> 00:20:35.980
 quite true.

00:20:36.380 --> 00:20:37.360
 Quite true.

00:20:37.720 --> 00:20:39.220
 But it is also

00:20:39.220 --> 00:20:40.480
 quite telling.

00:20:41.799 --> 00:20:42.860
 What did these

00:20:42.859 --> 00:20:44.079
 donated books

00:20:44.079 --> 00:20:44.659
 represent?

00:20:45.259 --> 00:20:45.759
 Well, they

00:20:45.759 --> 00:20:46.939
 certainly represented

00:20:46.939 --> 00:20:47.740
 a personal

00:20:47.740 --> 00:20:48.459
 sacrifice.

00:20:49.399 --> 00:20:50.479
 They were not

00:20:50.479 --> 00:20:51.919
 cast-off volumes

00:20:51.919 --> 00:20:53.339
 or duplicates.

00:20:53.839 --> 00:20:54.839
 Rather, they were

00:20:54.839 --> 00:20:56.279
 the marrow of

00:20:56.279 --> 00:20:57.819
 often very

00:20:57.819 --> 00:20:59.199
 slender

00:20:59.199 --> 00:21:00.959
 ministerial libraries.

00:21:01.959 --> 00:21:02.439
 Books were

00:21:02.439 --> 00:21:03.779
 prized possessions,

00:21:04.119 --> 00:21:04.740
 and they had

00:21:04.740 --> 00:21:05.879
 likely been passed

00:21:05.879 --> 00:21:07.299
 down from earlier

00:21:07.299 --> 00:21:08.039
 generations.

00:21:08.919 --> 00:21:10.339
 So one historian

00:21:10.339 --> 00:21:11.379
 refers to these

00:21:11.380 --> 00:21:12.700
 books as dusty

00:21:12.700 --> 00:21:14.660
 theological folios.

00:21:16.080 --> 00:21:17.640
 But as Bainton

00:21:17.640 --> 00:21:18.700
 writes, they were

00:21:18.700 --> 00:21:20.180
 not dusty, and

00:21:20.180 --> 00:21:21.120
 their owners would

00:21:21.120 --> 00:21:22.380
 rather have parted

00:21:22.380 --> 00:21:23.680
 with ten cords of

00:21:23.680 --> 00:21:25.160
 cut wood in a New

00:21:25.160 --> 00:21:25.820
 England winter.

00:21:26.220 --> 00:21:27.440
 These were prize,

00:21:27.780 --> 00:21:28.840
 prize volumes to

00:21:28.840 --> 00:21:29.020
 them.

00:21:29.120 --> 00:21:29.940
 And they gave their

00:21:29.940 --> 00:21:31.280
 treasure because

00:21:31.280 --> 00:21:32.100
 that's where their

00:21:32.100 --> 00:21:34.220
 hearts were, as

00:21:34.220 --> 00:21:35.080
 Christ would say.

00:21:35.800 --> 00:21:36.540
 But these books

00:21:36.540 --> 00:21:38.240
 also represented an

00:21:38.240 --> 00:21:39.860
 endowment of faith.

00:21:39.859 --> 00:21:41.179
 These were not

00:21:41.179 --> 00:21:41.959
 works of literature

00:21:41.959 --> 00:21:43.039
 or science.

00:21:43.399 --> 00:21:44.439
 They were almost

00:21:44.439 --> 00:21:45.319
 without exception

00:21:45.319 --> 00:21:46.699
 works of theology

00:21:46.699 --> 00:21:47.819
 and from the

00:21:47.819 --> 00:21:48.679
 reformed tradition

00:21:48.679 --> 00:21:50.139
 of the continental

00:21:50.139 --> 00:21:51.439
 Protestantism.

00:21:52.240 --> 00:21:53.439
 They were works

00:21:53.439 --> 00:21:54.259
 of Beza,

00:21:54.779 --> 00:21:55.219
 Bullinger,

00:21:55.719 --> 00:21:56.139
 Busser,

00:21:56.699 --> 00:21:57.119
 Calvin.

00:21:57.799 --> 00:21:58.839
 This was the

00:21:58.839 --> 00:21:59.699
 heritage of faith

00:21:59.699 --> 00:22:00.219
 that they had

00:22:00.219 --> 00:22:01.379
 received and

00:22:01.379 --> 00:22:02.539
 sought to pass

00:22:02.539 --> 00:22:03.619
 on and pass

00:22:03.619 --> 00:22:04.399
 on without

00:22:04.399 --> 00:22:05.459
 adulteration.

00:22:06.240 --> 00:22:07.119
 Thus, in that

00:22:07.119 --> 00:22:07.859
 memorable phrase

00:22:07.859 --> 00:22:09.019
 of Bainton, Yale

00:22:09.019 --> 00:22:09.939
 was conservative

00:22:09.939 --> 00:22:11.000
 before she was

00:22:11.000 --> 00:22:11.459
 born.

00:22:13.139 --> 00:22:14.139
 They sought to

00:22:14.139 --> 00:22:14.839
 preserve and

00:22:14.839 --> 00:22:16.019
 propagate the

00:22:16.019 --> 00:22:16.899
 faith of their

00:22:16.899 --> 00:22:17.319
 fathers.

00:22:17.959 --> 00:22:19.000
 And by 1700,

00:22:19.859 --> 00:22:21.159
 the need for this

00:22:21.159 --> 00:22:22.299
 was thought to be

00:22:22.299 --> 00:22:24.339
 acute, for it was

00:22:24.339 --> 00:22:25.259
 in danger of

00:22:25.259 --> 00:22:26.519
 lapsing in the

00:22:26.519 --> 00:22:27.679
 perception of

00:22:27.679 --> 00:22:29.119
 many a conservative

00:22:29.119 --> 00:22:30.619
 Connecticuter,

00:22:31.139 --> 00:22:31.179
 Connecticuter,

00:22:31.179 --> 00:22:32.179
 Connecticuter,

00:22:32.179 --> 00:22:32.459
 sorry.

00:22:32.460 --> 00:22:36.779
 New Englanders

00:22:36.779 --> 00:22:37.600
 at this time

00:22:37.600 --> 00:22:38.220
 were beginning

00:22:38.220 --> 00:22:39.340
 to name their

00:22:39.340 --> 00:22:41.160
 children Ichabod

00:22:41.160 --> 00:22:42.779
 after 1 Samuel

00:22:42.779 --> 00:22:43.779
 4.21.

00:22:44.259 --> 00:22:45.059
 And she named

00:22:45.059 --> 00:22:45.660
 the child

00:22:45.660 --> 00:22:46.519
 Ichabod,

00:22:46.660 --> 00:22:47.059
 saying,

00:22:47.500 --> 00:22:48.360
 the glory is

00:22:48.360 --> 00:22:49.279
 departed from

00:22:49.279 --> 00:22:50.100
 Israel.

00:22:51.500 --> 00:22:52.240
 Harvard,

00:22:52.720 --> 00:22:53.380
 that intended

00:22:53.380 --> 00:22:54.120
 school of the

00:22:54.120 --> 00:22:54.460
 prophets,

00:22:54.940 --> 00:22:55.819
 this is your

00:22:55.819 --> 00:22:56.500
 hiss line,

00:22:57.000 --> 00:22:57.620
 there you go,

00:22:57.799 --> 00:22:57.960
 okay.

00:22:58.620 --> 00:22:59.039
 Harvard,

00:22:59.240 --> 00:22:59.799
 that intended

00:22:59.799 --> 00:23:00.440
 school of the

00:23:00.440 --> 00:23:00.840
 prophets,

00:23:00.839 --> 00:23:01.980
 was becoming

00:23:01.980 --> 00:23:02.959
 theologically

00:23:02.959 --> 00:23:03.740
 wobbly,

00:23:03.899 --> 00:23:04.419
 and it was

00:23:04.419 --> 00:23:05.279
 feared too

00:23:05.279 --> 00:23:06.559
 elastic in its

00:23:06.559 --> 00:23:07.099
 doctrines,

00:23:07.379 --> 00:23:07.939
 what they called

00:23:07.939 --> 00:23:09.679
 latitudinarianism,

00:23:10.019 --> 00:23:10.839
 taking too much

00:23:10.839 --> 00:23:11.899
 latitude with the

00:23:11.899 --> 00:23:12.859
 faith once delivered

00:23:12.859 --> 00:23:14.019
 to the saints.

00:23:14.599 --> 00:23:15.720
 The degenerate

00:23:15.720 --> 00:23:16.859
 graduates of

00:23:16.859 --> 00:23:18.899
 Harvard that

00:23:18.899 --> 00:23:19.419
 were being

00:23:19.419 --> 00:23:20.139
 turned out

00:23:20.139 --> 00:23:21.359
 were the sad

00:23:21.359 --> 00:23:22.099
 tokens of

00:23:22.099 --> 00:23:23.439
 paradise lost.

00:23:25.199 --> 00:23:26.220
 There we go.

00:23:26.779 --> 00:23:27.579
 Here's an

00:23:27.579 --> 00:23:28.240
 increased

00:23:28.240 --> 00:23:29.039
 Mather who had

00:23:29.039 --> 00:23:29.639
 a front row

00:23:29.639 --> 00:23:30.559
 seat right up

00:23:30.559 --> 00:23:30.980
 at Harvard

00:23:30.980 --> 00:23:31.619
 and is watching

00:23:31.619 --> 00:23:32.059
 all these

00:23:32.059 --> 00:23:32.859
 kids graduate.

00:23:33.579 --> 00:23:34.440
 He writes

00:23:34.440 --> 00:23:34.839
 the book

00:23:34.839 --> 00:23:35.779
 Ichabod,

00:23:35.940 --> 00:23:36.619
 or a

00:23:36.619 --> 00:23:37.079
 discourse

00:23:37.079 --> 00:23:38.119
 showing what

00:23:38.119 --> 00:23:38.779
 cause there

00:23:38.779 --> 00:23:39.500
 is to fear

00:23:39.500 --> 00:23:40.259
 that the

00:23:40.259 --> 00:23:41.179
 glory of the

00:23:41.179 --> 00:23:41.659
 Lord is

00:23:41.659 --> 00:23:42.559
 departing from

00:23:42.559 --> 00:23:43.159
 New England,

00:23:43.419 --> 00:23:44.539
 and on and

00:23:44.539 --> 00:23:44.799
 on.

00:23:45.579 --> 00:23:45.679
 So,

00:23:46.539 --> 00:23:49.379
 such sad

00:23:49.379 --> 00:23:50.019
 realities

00:23:50.019 --> 00:23:51.819
 made the

00:23:51.819 --> 00:23:53.220
 matter timely,

00:23:53.480 --> 00:23:54.399
 even urgent.

00:23:55.179 --> 00:23:55.960
 The driving

00:23:55.960 --> 00:23:56.659
 motives of the

00:23:56.659 --> 00:23:57.440
 founders were

00:23:57.440 --> 00:23:58.519
 made explicit in

00:23:58.519 --> 00:23:58.940
 their meeting

00:23:58.940 --> 00:23:59.740
 in Saybrook,

00:24:00.079 --> 00:24:00.839
 November 11,

00:24:01.119 --> 00:24:01.819
 1701,

00:24:02.059 --> 00:24:02.500
 where they

00:24:02.500 --> 00:24:03.019
 declared,

00:24:03.200 --> 00:24:03.359
 quote,

00:24:03.359 --> 00:24:04.539
 it was the

00:24:04.539 --> 00:24:05.779
 glorious public

00:24:05.779 --> 00:24:07.359
 design of our

00:24:07.359 --> 00:24:08.160
 now blessed

00:24:08.160 --> 00:24:09.539
 fathers in their

00:24:09.539 --> 00:24:10.400
 removal from

00:24:10.400 --> 00:24:11.160
 Europe into

00:24:11.160 --> 00:24:12.000
 these parts of

00:24:12.000 --> 00:24:12.460
 America,

00:24:12.920 --> 00:24:14.180
 both to plant

00:24:14.180 --> 00:24:15.319
 and under the

00:24:15.319 --> 00:24:16.099
 divine blessing

00:24:16.099 --> 00:24:16.920
 to propagate

00:24:16.920 --> 00:24:18.420
 in this

00:24:18.420 --> 00:24:19.359
 arid wilderness

00:24:19.359 --> 00:24:20.480
 the blessed

00:24:20.480 --> 00:24:21.460
 reformed

00:24:21.460 --> 00:24:22.440
 Protestant religion

00:24:22.440 --> 00:24:23.660
 in purity of

00:24:23.660 --> 00:24:24.500
 its order and

00:24:24.500 --> 00:24:24.879
 worship.

00:24:24.880 --> 00:24:26.300
 And we,

00:24:26.960 --> 00:24:27.700
 their unworthy

00:24:27.700 --> 00:24:28.600
 posterity,

00:24:29.000 --> 00:24:30.000
 lamenting our

00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:31.140
 past neglects

00:24:31.140 --> 00:24:32.760
 of this grand

00:24:32.760 --> 00:24:33.180
 errand,

00:24:33.560 --> 00:24:34.520
 and sensible of

00:24:34.520 --> 00:24:35.080
 our equal

00:24:35.080 --> 00:24:36.360
 obligation to

00:24:36.360 --> 00:24:37.560
 prosecute some

00:24:37.560 --> 00:24:38.220
 end,

00:24:38.600 --> 00:24:39.340
 the same end,

00:24:39.420 --> 00:24:39.600
 sorry,

00:24:39.920 --> 00:24:40.680
 prosecute the

00:24:40.680 --> 00:24:41.320
 same end,

00:24:41.600 --> 00:24:42.520
 we do now

00:24:42.520 --> 00:24:43.420
 undertake to

00:24:43.420 --> 00:24:44.640
 erect, form,

00:24:44.780 --> 00:24:46.040
 and regulate a

00:24:46.040 --> 00:24:47.240
 collegiate school.

00:24:47.800 --> 00:24:49.240
 So, there you

00:24:49.240 --> 00:24:49.700
 have it.

00:24:49.900 --> 00:24:50.300
 Oh, oops,

00:24:50.340 --> 00:24:50.780
 sorry, no,

00:24:50.860 --> 00:24:51.420
 this is not,

00:24:52.900 --> 00:24:53.740
 I'm sorry,

00:24:53.860 --> 00:24:54.140
 where's the,

00:24:54.140 --> 00:24:55.060
 oh, I'll go

00:24:55.060 --> 00:24:55.360
 backwards.

00:24:55.660 --> 00:24:56.580
 So, this is the

00:24:56.580 --> 00:24:57.940
 Yale charter

00:24:57.940 --> 00:25:00.840
 here, from

00:25:00.840 --> 00:25:01.360
 which I just

00:25:01.360 --> 00:25:01.620
 read.

00:25:02.300 --> 00:25:03.140
 This, then,

00:25:03.220 --> 00:25:04.259
 was the design

00:25:04.259 --> 00:25:05.660
 of Yale in

00:25:05.660 --> 00:25:06.400
 its inception,

00:25:06.900 --> 00:25:07.420
 to be a

00:25:07.420 --> 00:25:08.120
 means of,

00:25:08.180 --> 00:25:08.420
 quote,

00:25:08.520 --> 00:25:09.480
 planting and

00:25:09.480 --> 00:25:10.640
 propagating the

00:25:10.640 --> 00:25:11.700
 blessed Protestant

00:25:11.700 --> 00:25:13.120
 reformed religion.

00:25:13.840 --> 00:25:15.060
 This did not

00:25:15.060 --> 00:25:16.160
 mean that they

00:25:16.160 --> 00:25:17.040
 would exclusively

00:25:17.040 --> 00:25:18.200
 train ministers,

00:25:18.800 --> 00:25:19.940
 though that would

00:25:19.940 --> 00:25:20.560
 be a principal

00:25:20.560 --> 00:25:22.360
 part, for the

00:25:22.360 --> 00:25:23.480
 effective planting

00:25:23.480 --> 00:25:24.500
 and propagating

00:25:24.500 --> 00:25:25.200
 of the faith,

00:25:25.440 --> 00:25:26.079
 would also

00:25:26.079 --> 00:25:27.120
 require those

00:25:27.120 --> 00:25:28.240
 equipped for

00:25:28.240 --> 00:25:28.960
 service in the

00:25:28.960 --> 00:25:29.660
 civil sphere.

00:25:30.120 --> 00:25:30.559
 As the

00:25:30.559 --> 00:25:31.180
 charter puts

00:25:31.180 --> 00:25:32.140
 it, you

00:25:32.140 --> 00:25:33.339
 could, if

00:25:33.339 --> 00:25:33.799
 you could, if

00:25:33.799 --> 00:25:34.140
 that were a

00:25:34.140 --> 00:25:34.319
 little more

00:25:34.319 --> 00:25:34.700
 clearer, you

00:25:34.700 --> 00:25:35.099
 could read it,

00:25:35.140 --> 00:25:35.360
 as the

00:25:35.360 --> 00:25:36.640
 charter puts

00:25:36.640 --> 00:25:36.960
 it,

00:25:37.599 --> 00:25:41.720
 1701, a

00:25:41.720 --> 00:25:42.180
 collegiate

00:25:42.180 --> 00:25:42.799
 school wherein

00:25:42.799 --> 00:25:43.819
 youth may be

00:25:43.819 --> 00:25:44.980
 instructed in the

00:25:44.980 --> 00:25:45.539
 arts and

00:25:45.539 --> 00:25:47.079
 sciences, who

00:25:47.079 --> 00:25:47.500
 through the

00:25:47.500 --> 00:25:48.339
 blessing of the

00:25:48.339 --> 00:25:49.460
 almighty God,

00:25:50.079 --> 00:25:50.720
 may be fitted

00:25:50.720 --> 00:25:51.400
 for public

00:25:51.400 --> 00:25:52.579
 employment, both

00:25:52.579 --> 00:25:54.039
 in church and

00:25:54.039 --> 00:25:55.220
 in civil state.

00:25:55.639 --> 00:25:56.079
 So remember

00:25:56.079 --> 00:25:56.779
 the three-legged

00:25:56.779 --> 00:25:57.379
 stool.

00:25:57.879 --> 00:25:58.859
 The college

00:25:58.859 --> 00:25:59.679
 leg, the

00:25:59.679 --> 00:26:00.720
 academy, was

00:26:00.720 --> 00:26:01.859
 the feeder for

00:26:01.859 --> 00:26:02.519
 both the other

00:26:02.519 --> 00:26:03.500
 legs of the

00:26:03.500 --> 00:26:04.339
 church and the

00:26:04.339 --> 00:26:04.720
 state.

00:26:04.839 --> 00:26:05.220
 And then you

00:26:05.220 --> 00:26:05.460
 would get

00:26:05.460 --> 00:26:06.639
 stability in

00:26:06.639 --> 00:26:07.099
 society.

00:26:08.019 --> 00:26:08.519
 Having the

00:26:08.519 --> 00:26:09.039
 mind of

00:26:09.039 --> 00:26:10.319
 Christ was

00:26:10.319 --> 00:26:11.359
 absolutely

00:26:11.359 --> 00:26:12.480
 critical, not

00:26:12.480 --> 00:26:13.199
 simply in the

00:26:13.199 --> 00:26:14.439
 church, but in

00:26:14.439 --> 00:26:15.579
 all of society.

00:26:15.919 --> 00:26:16.480
 Whether you

00:26:16.480 --> 00:26:16.720
 were going to

00:26:16.720 --> 00:26:17.539
 be a lawyer, or

00:26:17.539 --> 00:26:18.379
 a doctor, or an

00:26:18.379 --> 00:26:19.159
 engineer, or a

00:26:19.159 --> 00:26:20.839
 farmer, our

00:26:20.839 --> 00:26:22.379
 vocation can

00:26:22.379 --> 00:26:23.019
 and must

00:26:23.019 --> 00:26:24.240
 express kingdom

00:26:24.240 --> 00:26:25.279
 truth and

00:26:25.279 --> 00:26:26.299
 kingdom values.

00:26:26.439 --> 00:26:27.099
 This is part of

00:26:27.099 --> 00:26:27.639
 the vision that

00:26:27.639 --> 00:26:28.459
 we need to

00:26:28.459 --> 00:26:29.199
 keep reviving.

00:26:30.559 --> 00:26:31.339
 And there

00:26:31.339 --> 00:26:32.179
 was another

00:26:32.179 --> 00:26:33.039
 aspect of the

00:26:33.039 --> 00:26:33.639
 vision of the

00:26:33.639 --> 00:26:35.259
 four fathers

00:26:35.259 --> 00:26:36.559
 that the

00:26:36.559 --> 00:26:37.359
 founding members

00:26:37.359 --> 00:26:38.759
 recognized and

00:26:38.759 --> 00:26:39.559
 embraced in

00:26:39.559 --> 00:26:40.099
 their founding,

00:26:40.500 --> 00:26:41.199
 for as they

00:26:41.199 --> 00:26:42.480
 carefully noticed,

00:26:42.879 --> 00:26:43.539
 our blessed

00:26:43.539 --> 00:26:44.939
 fathers sought

00:26:44.939 --> 00:26:45.919
 to plant and

00:26:45.919 --> 00:26:47.220
 propagate the

00:26:47.220 --> 00:26:48.039
 blessed Protestant

00:26:48.039 --> 00:26:48.980
 reform religion,

00:26:48.980 --> 00:26:50.599
 quote, not only

00:26:50.599 --> 00:26:51.079
 to their

00:26:51.079 --> 00:26:52.940
 posterity, but

00:26:52.940 --> 00:26:54.200
 also to the

00:26:54.200 --> 00:26:54.779
 barbarous

00:26:54.779 --> 00:26:55.279
 natives.

00:26:56.039 --> 00:26:56.799
 Their language,

00:26:57.099 --> 00:26:58.220
 not current

00:26:58.220 --> 00:26:58.620
 language.

00:27:00.960 --> 00:27:02.360
 They were not

00:27:02.360 --> 00:27:03.279
 mistaken in

00:27:03.279 --> 00:27:04.460
 this, and well

00:27:04.460 --> 00:27:05.200
 might they have

00:27:05.200 --> 00:27:05.980
 remembered, for

00:27:05.980 --> 00:27:07.240
 Abraham Pearson,

00:27:08.200 --> 00:27:09.420
 so the

00:27:09.420 --> 00:27:10.720
 founding, the

00:27:10.720 --> 00:27:11.559
 first rector and

00:27:11.559 --> 00:27:11.920
 one of the

00:27:11.920 --> 00:27:12.819
 founders, his

00:27:12.819 --> 00:27:13.940
 father, Abraham

00:27:13.940 --> 00:27:15.640
 Pearson, senior,

00:27:16.279 --> 00:27:17.400
 okay, had

00:27:17.400 --> 00:27:18.640
 served as a

00:27:18.640 --> 00:27:19.400
 missionary to

00:27:19.400 --> 00:27:20.060
 the local

00:27:20.060 --> 00:27:21.440
 natives, the

00:27:21.440 --> 00:27:22.400
 first missionary

00:27:22.400 --> 00:27:23.180
 sent out from

00:27:23.180 --> 00:27:23.560
 New Haven

00:27:23.560 --> 00:27:25.020
 Colony, and

00:27:25.020 --> 00:27:26.520
 I think I,

00:27:26.660 --> 00:27:27.100
 yeah, here it

00:27:27.100 --> 00:27:27.759
 is, and this

00:27:27.759 --> 00:27:28.600
 is, so Abraham

00:27:28.600 --> 00:27:29.520
 Pearson, senior,

00:27:29.980 --> 00:27:30.640
 this was one of

00:27:30.640 --> 00:27:31.640
 the first tracks,

00:27:31.860 --> 00:27:33.440
 indeed, he

00:27:33.440 --> 00:27:34.400
 learned their

00:27:34.400 --> 00:27:35.480
 language and

00:27:35.480 --> 00:27:36.320
 published for

00:27:36.320 --> 00:27:38.020
 them, this was

00:27:38.020 --> 00:27:38.600
 the first work,

00:27:38.700 --> 00:27:39.500
 some helps for

00:27:39.500 --> 00:27:40.040
 the Indians,

00:27:40.380 --> 00:27:41.600
 showing them how

00:27:41.600 --> 00:27:42.640
 to know the

00:27:42.640 --> 00:27:43.880
 true God and

00:27:43.880 --> 00:27:44.900
 the true Christian

00:27:44.900 --> 00:27:47.780
 religion, 1658.

00:27:47.779 --> 00:27:47.920
 1858.

00:27:49.359 --> 00:27:51.200
 So, this, thus,

00:27:51.339 --> 00:27:52.740
 it was part of

00:27:52.740 --> 00:27:53.379
 the original

00:27:53.379 --> 00:27:54.359
 design of Yale,

00:27:54.539 --> 00:27:55.480
 not simply to

00:27:55.480 --> 00:27:56.839
 secure the

00:27:56.839 --> 00:27:57.519
 Christian faith

00:27:57.519 --> 00:27:58.039
 among the

00:27:58.039 --> 00:27:59.539
 settlers, but

00:27:59.539 --> 00:28:00.720
 also to extend

00:28:00.720 --> 00:28:02.039
 it among the

00:28:02.039 --> 00:28:02.399
 Indians.

00:28:03.019 --> 00:28:04.200
 So, we have a

00:28:04.200 --> 00:28:05.180
 missionary design

00:28:05.180 --> 00:28:06.039
 right at the

00:28:06.039 --> 00:28:07.019
 founding of Yale

00:28:07.019 --> 00:28:08.039
 College, and

00:28:08.039 --> 00:28:08.660
 over the course

00:28:08.660 --> 00:28:09.460
 of this class,

00:28:09.920 --> 00:28:10.700
 we shall observe

00:28:10.700 --> 00:28:11.460
 how Yale has

00:28:11.460 --> 00:28:13.139
 fulfilled those

00:28:13.139 --> 00:28:14.099
 hopes of her

00:28:14.099 --> 00:28:15.539
 founders to be a

00:28:15.539 --> 00:28:16.399
 missionary sending

00:28:16.400 --> 00:28:16.860
 ground.

00:28:18.360 --> 00:28:20.060
 Incidentally, this

00:28:20.060 --> 00:28:21.860
 was also the

00:28:21.860 --> 00:28:22.740
 case for

00:28:22.740 --> 00:28:23.200
 Harvard.

00:28:25.680 --> 00:28:26.700
 Oops, here we

00:28:26.700 --> 00:28:27.700
 go, okay, yes.

00:28:29.880 --> 00:28:30.519
 Indeed, her

00:28:30.519 --> 00:28:30.920
 charter,

00:28:31.500 --> 00:28:32.420
 Harvard's

00:28:32.420 --> 00:28:32.740
 charter,

00:28:32.880 --> 00:28:33.300
 specifically

00:28:33.300 --> 00:28:34.040
 mentions the

00:28:34.040 --> 00:28:34.759
 college being

00:28:34.759 --> 00:28:36.300
 of service to

00:28:36.300 --> 00:28:37.460
 the natives, and

00:28:37.460 --> 00:28:38.800
 a dorm was

00:28:38.800 --> 00:28:40.080
 provided expressly

00:28:40.080 --> 00:28:40.940
 for their use,

00:28:41.140 --> 00:28:41.880
 simply for Native

00:28:41.880 --> 00:28:42.759
 Americans at

00:28:42.759 --> 00:28:43.019
 Harvard.

00:28:43.019 --> 00:28:43.139
 Harvard.

00:28:44.299 --> 00:28:45.180
 Indeed, many a

00:28:45.180 --> 00:28:48.639
 Puritan father

00:28:48.639 --> 00:28:49.980
 saw the

00:28:49.980 --> 00:28:50.980
 missionary design

00:28:50.980 --> 00:28:51.759
 of God in

00:28:51.759 --> 00:28:53.079
 transplanting them

00:28:53.079 --> 00:28:54.240
 from Old

00:28:54.240 --> 00:28:55.379
 England to New

00:28:55.379 --> 00:28:56.460
 England, as

00:28:56.460 --> 00:28:57.299
 John Eliot.

00:28:57.740 --> 00:28:58.299
 So, this is

00:28:58.299 --> 00:29:00.559
 actually the

00:29:00.559 --> 00:29:01.759
 crest of

00:29:01.759 --> 00:29:02.759
 Massachusetts Bay

00:29:02.759 --> 00:29:04.980
 Colony, 1630.

00:29:05.700 --> 00:29:07.079
 And notice, they

00:29:07.079 --> 00:29:07.920
 have the Indian

00:29:07.920 --> 00:29:08.619
 there, the Native

00:29:08.619 --> 00:29:09.680
 American, and out

00:29:09.680 --> 00:29:10.639
 of his mouth is

00:29:10.639 --> 00:29:11.740
 coming the words,

00:29:11.740 --> 00:29:12.720
 come over and

00:29:12.720 --> 00:29:13.500
 help us.

00:29:14.000 --> 00:29:14.660
 Those are the

00:29:14.660 --> 00:29:15.120
 words you

00:29:15.120 --> 00:29:16.299
 recall of

00:29:16.299 --> 00:29:18.339
 Paul's vision

00:29:18.339 --> 00:29:18.620
 of the

00:29:18.620 --> 00:29:19.900
 Macedonian that

00:29:19.900 --> 00:29:20.620
 prompted his

00:29:20.620 --> 00:29:21.380
 missionary work

00:29:21.380 --> 00:29:22.279
 to Europe.

00:29:22.660 --> 00:29:23.160
 So, this was

00:29:23.160 --> 00:29:23.700
 very much at

00:29:23.700 --> 00:29:24.819
 the center of

00:29:24.819 --> 00:29:26.180
 their efforts.

00:29:26.579 --> 00:29:27.160
 As John

00:29:27.160 --> 00:29:28.000
 Eliot wrote,

00:29:28.460 --> 00:29:29.339
 one end of

00:29:29.339 --> 00:29:30.559
 God sending so

00:29:30.559 --> 00:29:31.539
 many saints to

00:29:31.539 --> 00:29:33.000
 New England was

00:29:33.000 --> 00:29:34.460
 the conversion of

00:29:34.460 --> 00:29:35.220
 these Indians.

00:29:35.859 --> 00:29:36.240
 And he,

00:29:36.339 --> 00:29:36.960
 incidentally, gave

00:29:36.960 --> 00:29:38.160
 his whole life to

00:29:38.160 --> 00:29:38.740
 reaching them.

00:29:38.740 --> 00:29:39.519
 He was one of

00:29:39.519 --> 00:29:40.740
 the first Puritan

00:29:40.740 --> 00:29:42.039
 full-time

00:29:42.039 --> 00:29:42.900
 missionaries to

00:29:42.900 --> 00:29:43.380
 the Indians.

00:29:44.500 --> 00:29:45.299
 It's interesting,

00:29:45.819 --> 00:29:46.380
 if you were to

00:29:46.380 --> 00:29:47.220
 interview, which

00:29:47.220 --> 00:29:49.079
 he did, interview

00:29:49.079 --> 00:29:49.900
 the Indians, the

00:29:49.900 --> 00:29:50.920
 commonplace Native

00:29:50.920 --> 00:29:52.079
 American speculation

00:29:52.079 --> 00:29:54.319
 as to why all of

00:29:54.319 --> 00:29:54.980
 these English

00:29:54.980 --> 00:29:56.180
 people kept showing

00:29:56.180 --> 00:29:58.019
 up on their

00:29:58.019 --> 00:29:59.500
 coastline was that

00:29:59.500 --> 00:30:00.420
 they must have

00:30:00.420 --> 00:30:01.259
 lacked sufficient

00:30:01.259 --> 00:30:02.180
 firewood where

00:30:02.180 --> 00:30:02.960
 they came from.

00:30:03.140 --> 00:30:04.019
 You see that in

00:30:04.019 --> 00:30:04.519
 the accounts.

00:30:06.519 --> 00:30:07.700
 You need firewood,

00:30:07.700 --> 00:30:08.200
 you can go to

00:30:08.200 --> 00:30:08.900
 some lengths to

00:30:08.900 --> 00:30:09.299
 get extra

00:30:09.299 --> 00:30:10.000
 firewood if you

00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:10.240
 need it,

00:30:10.319 --> 00:30:10.600
 apparently.

00:30:11.840 --> 00:30:12.480
 Well, Abraham

00:30:12.480 --> 00:30:13.640
 Pearson was

00:30:13.640 --> 00:30:14.700
 selected by his

00:30:14.700 --> 00:30:16.779
 fellow ministers to

00:30:16.779 --> 00:30:17.580
 become the first

00:30:17.580 --> 00:30:18.039
 rector.

00:30:19.319 --> 00:30:21.259
 At this earliest

00:30:21.259 --> 00:30:22.940
 beginning, Yale

00:30:22.940 --> 00:30:24.380
 was not in

00:30:24.380 --> 00:30:25.200
 New Haven.

00:30:25.779 --> 00:30:26.580
 Neither was it

00:30:26.580 --> 00:30:27.660
 yet called Yale.

00:30:28.140 --> 00:30:28.759
 The first

00:30:28.759 --> 00:30:30.279
 instruction took

00:30:30.279 --> 00:30:32.039
 place in Abraham

00:30:32.039 --> 00:30:33.819
 Pearson's Killingworth

00:30:33.819 --> 00:30:34.759
 parsonage.

00:30:35.460 --> 00:30:36.160
 So, there's

00:30:36.160 --> 00:30:37.039
 actually the

00:30:37.039 --> 00:30:38.220
 statue that if

00:30:38.220 --> 00:30:38.599
 you're on the

00:30:38.599 --> 00:30:39.279
 Yale campus that

00:30:39.279 --> 00:30:39.720
 you see of

00:30:39.720 --> 00:30:40.579
 Abraham Pearson

00:30:40.579 --> 00:30:43.379
 has its twin at

00:30:43.379 --> 00:30:44.240
 the Killingworth

00:30:44.240 --> 00:30:44.819
 green.

00:30:45.119 --> 00:30:46.019
 Very, very same

00:30:46.019 --> 00:30:46.619
 one because that's

00:30:46.619 --> 00:30:47.420
 where he had his

00:30:47.420 --> 00:30:48.599
 first parsonage.

00:30:48.859 --> 00:30:49.559
 His congregation

00:30:49.559 --> 00:30:51.379
 loved him.

00:30:51.680 --> 00:30:52.420
 The plan was

00:30:52.420 --> 00:30:53.680
 always to bring

00:30:53.680 --> 00:30:54.480
 the college to

00:30:54.480 --> 00:30:55.659
 New Haven, but

00:30:55.659 --> 00:30:57.099
 his congregation

00:30:57.099 --> 00:30:58.500
 loved him so

00:30:58.500 --> 00:30:59.259
 well and his

00:30:59.259 --> 00:30:59.960
 ministry among

00:30:59.960 --> 00:31:01.159
 them that they

00:31:01.159 --> 00:31:02.559
 conspired to keep

00:31:02.559 --> 00:31:03.920
 him from moving

00:31:03.920 --> 00:31:04.859
 to New Haven from

00:31:04.859 --> 00:31:05.559
 Killingworth.

00:31:06.219 --> 00:31:06.839
 And they

00:31:06.839 --> 00:31:08.279
 concocted a plan

00:31:08.279 --> 00:31:09.459
 that no one,

00:31:09.519 --> 00:31:10.199
 they covenanted

00:31:10.199 --> 00:31:11.099
 that no one

00:31:11.099 --> 00:31:11.859
 would buy his

00:31:11.859 --> 00:31:12.879
 house or farm.

00:31:13.459 --> 00:31:13.919
 So, he

00:31:13.919 --> 00:31:15.779
 couldn't sell his

00:31:15.779 --> 00:31:17.019
 house or farm to

00:31:17.019 --> 00:31:17.839
 anyone there.

00:31:18.279 --> 00:31:19.159
 They didn't have

00:31:19.159 --> 00:31:19.939
 bridge loans or

00:31:19.939 --> 00:31:20.479
 what have you.

00:31:20.719 --> 00:31:21.879
 So, he was

00:31:21.879 --> 00:31:23.159
 stuck and hence

00:31:23.159 --> 00:31:23.979
 they got the

00:31:23.979 --> 00:31:24.899
 college to start

00:31:24.899 --> 00:31:26.059
 in Killingworth for

00:31:26.059 --> 00:31:26.779
 many, many years

00:31:26.779 --> 00:31:27.779
 until 1718.

00:31:27.779 --> 00:31:30.920
 So, that's where

00:31:30.920 --> 00:31:32.619
 Yale began, although

00:31:32.619 --> 00:31:34.319
 not yet called Yale

00:31:34.319 --> 00:31:35.819
 as his congregation

00:31:35.819 --> 00:31:36.680
 would not release

00:31:36.680 --> 00:31:36.859
 him.

00:31:36.960 --> 00:31:37.660
 So, the students

00:31:37.660 --> 00:31:38.920
 all came to him

00:31:38.920 --> 00:31:40.579
 and in consequence,

00:31:41.000 --> 00:31:43.500
 his dear wife's

00:31:43.500 --> 00:31:44.319
 kitchen became the

00:31:44.319 --> 00:31:44.940
 refectory.

00:31:45.920 --> 00:31:46.660
 She would make the

00:31:46.660 --> 00:31:47.960
 meals as well as

00:31:47.960 --> 00:31:48.700
 the extra rooms.

00:31:48.819 --> 00:31:49.559
 People often would

00:31:49.559 --> 00:31:51.220
 board among others

00:31:51.220 --> 00:31:52.019
 in the town.

00:31:52.139 --> 00:31:52.680
 They had no

00:31:52.680 --> 00:31:53.839
 designated college

00:31:53.839 --> 00:31:54.619
 building at the

00:31:54.619 --> 00:31:54.920
 time.

00:31:55.940 --> 00:31:56.500
 Thankfully, the

00:31:56.500 --> 00:31:57.259
 classes were

00:31:57.259 --> 00:31:58.119
 small.

00:31:59.000 --> 00:32:00.539
 Four-fifths of

00:32:00.539 --> 00:32:01.500
 all the students

00:32:01.500 --> 00:32:02.319
 who graduated

00:32:02.319 --> 00:32:03.339
 under Pearson

00:32:03.339 --> 00:32:05.400
 became ministers

00:32:05.400 --> 00:32:06.819
 and went on to

00:32:06.819 --> 00:32:07.400
 shine his

00:32:07.400 --> 00:32:08.400
 distinguished lights

00:32:08.400 --> 00:32:09.700
 in the churches

00:32:09.700 --> 00:32:10.579
 of New England.

00:32:11.599 --> 00:32:12.940
 And I suppose a

00:32:12.940 --> 00:32:13.359
 lot of them

00:32:13.359 --> 00:32:14.799
 decided they might

00:32:14.799 --> 00:32:15.599
 as well go into

00:32:15.599 --> 00:32:16.420
 the ministry given

00:32:16.420 --> 00:32:17.460
 the fact that the

00:32:17.460 --> 00:32:18.740
 curriculum was

00:32:18.740 --> 00:32:20.099
 basically a

00:32:20.099 --> 00:32:21.480
 preparation for

00:32:21.480 --> 00:32:22.480
 that vocation

00:32:22.480 --> 00:32:23.039
 anyhow.

00:32:23.519 --> 00:32:24.140
 So, whether you

00:32:24.140 --> 00:32:24.680
 were a candidate

00:32:24.680 --> 00:32:25.359
 for the ministry

00:32:25.359 --> 00:32:26.480
 or not, the

00:32:26.480 --> 00:32:27.200
 courses were

00:32:27.200 --> 00:32:28.100
 all the same

00:32:28.100 --> 00:32:28.620
 for you,

00:32:28.980 --> 00:32:30.039
 including heavy

00:32:30.039 --> 00:32:30.720
 doses of

00:32:30.720 --> 00:32:31.799
 Greek, New

00:32:31.799 --> 00:32:32.779
 Testament, Hebrew,

00:32:32.940 --> 00:32:34.120
 Old Testament, and

00:32:34.120 --> 00:32:34.660
 the Westminster

00:32:34.660 --> 00:32:35.539
 Catechism in

00:32:35.539 --> 00:32:36.380
 Latin, along with

00:32:36.380 --> 00:32:37.420
 William Ames'

00:32:37.680 --> 00:32:39.059
 Mero of Theology,

00:32:39.380 --> 00:32:39.920
 and this sort of

00:32:39.920 --> 00:32:40.140
 thing.

00:32:41.080 --> 00:32:41.680
 So, hey, you

00:32:41.680 --> 00:32:42.380
 might as well.

00:32:42.620 --> 00:32:43.600
 You were trained.

00:32:43.599 --> 00:32:45.959
 It was not until

00:32:45.959 --> 00:32:47.539
 1718 that the

00:32:47.539 --> 00:32:48.480
 college permanently

00:32:48.480 --> 00:32:50.399
 settled in New

00:32:50.399 --> 00:32:50.639
 Haven.

00:32:50.980 --> 00:32:51.519
 So, lots of

00:32:51.519 --> 00:32:52.159
 ministers, lots of

00:32:52.159 --> 00:32:52.539
 people became

00:32:52.539 --> 00:32:52.819
 ministers.

00:32:53.319 --> 00:32:54.359
 Cotton Mather said,

00:32:54.719 --> 00:32:55.399
 there's nothing

00:32:55.399 --> 00:32:56.099
 cheap in New

00:32:56.099 --> 00:32:57.159
 England except for

00:32:57.159 --> 00:32:58.179
 milk and ministers.

00:32:58.639 --> 00:32:59.719
 Plenty of both of

00:32:59.719 --> 00:33:00.759
 those things, I guess.

00:33:01.240 --> 00:33:04.159
 Well, in 1718, the

00:33:04.159 --> 00:33:05.019
 college then was

00:33:05.019 --> 00:33:05.819
 permanently settled

00:33:05.819 --> 00:33:07.099
 in New Haven and

00:33:07.099 --> 00:33:08.199
 also came to take

00:33:08.200 --> 00:33:10.160
 the new name of

00:33:10.160 --> 00:33:12.519
 Yale College, both

00:33:12.519 --> 00:33:14.120
 on account of a

00:33:14.120 --> 00:33:16.299
 sizable bequest of

00:33:16.299 --> 00:33:17.620
 one Connecticut-born

00:33:17.620 --> 00:33:20.000
 but world-traveled

00:33:20.000 --> 00:33:22.400
 trader, one Elihu

00:33:22.400 --> 00:33:22.940
 Yale.

00:33:24.940 --> 00:33:25.940
 There he is.

00:33:26.200 --> 00:33:27.200
 The opulence is

00:33:27.200 --> 00:33:28.000
 evident in the

00:33:28.000 --> 00:33:29.720
 attire there.

00:33:29.720 --> 00:33:33.900
 He made a fine

00:33:33.900 --> 00:33:34.920
 fortune in the

00:33:34.920 --> 00:33:36.120
 East India Company.

00:33:37.799 --> 00:33:38.900
 Apparently, the way

00:33:38.900 --> 00:33:40.279
 you make a fortune

00:33:40.279 --> 00:33:42.079
 in gems is what he

00:33:42.079 --> 00:33:43.279
 did in India, is he

00:33:43.279 --> 00:33:44.980
 had this preternatural

00:33:44.980 --> 00:33:46.720
 knack of when people

00:33:46.720 --> 00:33:47.799
 would show him all

00:33:47.799 --> 00:33:49.100
 of these gems in the

00:33:49.100 --> 00:33:51.019
 rough, he would be

00:33:51.019 --> 00:33:52.539
 able to make some

00:33:52.539 --> 00:33:53.880
 very accurate estimate

00:33:53.880 --> 00:33:55.000
 as to what they were

00:33:55.000 --> 00:33:55.740
 going to be worth

00:33:55.740 --> 00:33:57.380
 when cut and sold,

00:33:57.759 --> 00:33:58.620
 so could put in

00:33:58.620 --> 00:33:59.660
 really good,

00:33:59.720 --> 00:34:01.960
 bids and know his

00:34:01.960 --> 00:34:02.680
 margin of profit.

00:34:02.819 --> 00:34:03.720
 Apparently, this

00:34:03.720 --> 00:34:05.019
 amazing skill he

00:34:05.019 --> 00:34:07.019
 had, so he made a

00:34:07.019 --> 00:34:08.440
 huge, huge fortune

00:34:08.440 --> 00:34:09.699
 doing this.

00:34:11.079 --> 00:34:11.539
 Well, it was

00:34:11.539 --> 00:34:13.199
 Cotton Mather who

00:34:13.199 --> 00:34:13.980
 prompted the

00:34:13.980 --> 00:34:14.720
 benefaction.

00:34:16.340 --> 00:34:17.920
 Cotton Mather wrote

00:34:17.920 --> 00:34:19.679
 to Elihu Yale,

00:34:20.159 --> 00:34:22.119
 certainly, if what

00:34:22.119 --> 00:34:23.260
 is forming at

00:34:23.260 --> 00:34:24.639
 New Haven might

00:34:24.639 --> 00:34:26.220
 wear the name of

00:34:26.220 --> 00:34:28.280
 Yale College, it

00:34:28.280 --> 00:34:29.699
 would be better than

00:34:29.699 --> 00:34:31.000
 a name of sons and

00:34:31.000 --> 00:34:32.539
 daughters, and your

00:34:32.539 --> 00:34:33.960
 munificence might

00:34:33.960 --> 00:34:35.319
 easily obtain for you

00:34:35.319 --> 00:34:37.439
 such a commemoration

00:34:37.439 --> 00:34:40.019
 and perpetuation of

00:34:40.019 --> 00:34:41.919
 your valuable name, as

00:34:41.919 --> 00:34:43.219
 would indeed be much

00:34:43.219 --> 00:34:44.679
 better than even an

00:34:44.679 --> 00:34:46.539
 Egyptian pyramid, or so

00:34:46.539 --> 00:34:47.019
 he wrote.

00:34:48.019 --> 00:34:50.460
 Always, I guess, these are

00:34:50.460 --> 00:34:51.299
 the sorts of things that

00:34:51.299 --> 00:34:52.439
 you do and say when

00:34:52.439 --> 00:34:53.480
 you're trying to squeeze

00:34:53.480 --> 00:34:54.199
 out a bequest.

00:34:54.199 --> 00:34:56.839
 Well, if Elihu was

00:34:56.839 --> 00:34:57.960
 considering an Egyptian

00:34:57.960 --> 00:34:59.699
 pyramid, he ended up

00:34:59.699 --> 00:35:00.619
 preferring to go with

00:35:00.619 --> 00:35:01.879
 the Endowa College

00:35:01.879 --> 00:35:03.319
 route for perpetuating

00:35:03.319 --> 00:35:05.659
 his name, though there

00:35:05.659 --> 00:35:08.139
 was one rather sizable

00:35:08.139 --> 00:35:09.359
 hesitation that he did

00:35:09.359 --> 00:35:09.759
 have.

00:35:11.039 --> 00:35:13.319
 Elihu Yale was an

00:35:13.319 --> 00:35:16.259
 Anglican, and yet the

00:35:16.259 --> 00:35:17.879
 Connecticut College was

00:35:17.879 --> 00:35:19.659
 decidedly not.

00:35:19.659 --> 00:35:21.359
 Remember, the first

00:35:21.359 --> 00:35:23.420
 settlers here had been

00:35:23.420 --> 00:35:26.599
 under the persecuting

00:35:26.599 --> 00:35:27.839
 whip, or I should say

00:35:27.839 --> 00:35:29.179
 brand, you would

00:35:29.179 --> 00:35:30.480
 actually brand them, of

00:35:30.480 --> 00:35:31.960
 the Anglicans that were

00:35:31.960 --> 00:35:33.619
 in power in England, so

00:35:33.619 --> 00:35:35.039
 they disliked Anglicans.

00:35:35.099 --> 00:35:36.339
 So if you came to New

00:35:36.339 --> 00:35:37.960
 Haven Colony in the first

00:35:37.960 --> 00:35:40.079
 generations, you had a

00:35:40.079 --> 00:35:42.779
 special tax on you just

00:35:42.779 --> 00:35:44.379
 for being an Anglican, the

00:35:44.379 --> 00:35:45.859
 Anglican tax, because we

00:35:45.860 --> 00:35:47.039
 don't really like you

00:35:47.039 --> 00:35:47.340
 here.

00:35:48.480 --> 00:35:50.880
 So such were those

00:35:50.880 --> 00:35:51.400
 days.

00:35:52.059 --> 00:35:53.220
 So there was this

00:35:53.220 --> 00:35:55.180
 problem, but this

00:35:55.180 --> 00:35:56.860
 scruple was overcome by

00:35:57.579 --> 00:35:59.260
 the cunning observation

00:35:59.260 --> 00:36:02.300
 of the agent that Yale

00:36:02.300 --> 00:36:03.680
 sent over to talk to

00:36:03.680 --> 00:36:04.860
 Elihu Yale.

00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:05.920
 His name was Jeremiah

00:36:05.920 --> 00:36:09.860
 Dummer, and he told

00:36:10.700 --> 00:36:14.519
 Elihu, if the discipline

00:36:14.519 --> 00:36:15.900
 of the Church of

00:36:15.900 --> 00:36:17.340
 England be most

00:36:17.340 --> 00:36:18.619
 agreeable to Scripture

00:36:18.619 --> 00:36:20.340
 and primitive practice,

00:36:20.519 --> 00:36:22.259
 there's no better way to

00:36:22.259 --> 00:36:23.800
 make men sensible of it

00:36:23.800 --> 00:36:25.699
 than by giving them good

00:36:25.699 --> 00:36:26.199
 learning.

00:36:27.619 --> 00:36:29.259
 And I would say, if

00:36:29.259 --> 00:36:30.420
 Anglicanism is the way

00:36:30.420 --> 00:36:30.900
 that's clearly

00:36:30.900 --> 00:36:32.139
 scriptural and supported

00:36:32.139 --> 00:36:33.639
 by church history, hey,

00:36:33.980 --> 00:36:35.199
 endow an institution that

00:36:35.199 --> 00:36:36.179
 studies the Scripture in

00:36:36.179 --> 00:36:36.719
 church history.

00:36:36.860 --> 00:36:37.780
 You'll do nothing but

00:36:37.780 --> 00:36:39.059
 make Anglicans on your

00:36:39.059 --> 00:36:39.440
 assumption.

00:36:40.199 --> 00:36:41.960
 So Elihu was convinced,

00:36:42.500 --> 00:36:43.519
 and he handed over

00:36:43.519 --> 00:36:45.139
 sacks and sacks of gems

00:36:45.139 --> 00:36:45.579
 and money.

00:36:47.199 --> 00:36:49.239
 And Elihu's munificence

00:36:49.239 --> 00:36:50.960
 was swiftly turned into

00:36:50.960 --> 00:36:53.000
 a handsome new building

00:36:53.000 --> 00:36:54.920
 named Yale College.

00:36:55.300 --> 00:36:57.519
 So technically, Yale

00:36:57.519 --> 00:36:58.900
 College was the name of

00:36:58.900 --> 00:37:01.039
 the first building, not

00:37:01.039 --> 00:37:02.659
 the whole college, not

00:37:02.659 --> 00:37:04.659
 until about 30 years

00:37:04.659 --> 00:37:06.119
 later did actual Yale

00:37:06.119 --> 00:37:07.199
 College refer to the

00:37:07.199 --> 00:37:08.500
 whole college rather than

00:37:08.500 --> 00:37:09.380
 the little building.

00:37:09.380 --> 00:37:13.200
 But for Jeremiah's

00:37:13.200 --> 00:37:16.039
 dumber services of kind

00:37:16.039 --> 00:37:17.500
 of angling this bequest,

00:37:17.760 --> 00:37:19.200
 they originally wanted to

00:37:19.200 --> 00:37:20.599
 name the college after

00:37:20.599 --> 00:37:21.160
 him.

00:37:21.860 --> 00:37:23.119
 But then as they kind of

00:37:23.119 --> 00:37:23.980
 rolled that around in

00:37:23.980 --> 00:37:25.059
 their hearing, dumber

00:37:25.059 --> 00:37:28.059
 college didn't have as

00:37:28.059 --> 00:37:29.800
 robust a sound to it.

00:37:29.900 --> 00:37:31.880
 So he graciously declined

00:37:31.880 --> 00:37:33.440
 and said, name it after

00:37:33.440 --> 00:37:34.640
 Elihu Yale.

00:37:34.639 --> 00:37:37.219
 Did he go on to be

00:37:37.219 --> 00:37:38.339
 governor of Massachusetts?

00:37:38.980 --> 00:37:39.699
 Elihu Yale?

00:37:39.879 --> 00:37:40.219
 Dumber.

00:37:41.059 --> 00:37:42.339
 I think probably he did.

00:37:42.559 --> 00:37:43.219
 Yes, yes.

00:37:43.400 --> 00:37:44.500
 He was the one, at least

00:37:44.500 --> 00:37:45.019
 in his family.

00:37:45.379 --> 00:37:46.059
 That's right.

00:37:46.579 --> 00:37:47.319
 That's right.

00:37:47.440 --> 00:37:48.119
 Yes, alas.

00:37:48.319 --> 00:37:49.480
 We try to hide these

00:37:49.480 --> 00:37:50.659
 facts from other states,

00:37:50.799 --> 00:37:52.559
 but such is the

00:37:52.559 --> 00:37:53.319
 egregious truth.

00:37:54.920 --> 00:37:55.359
 Yes.

00:37:57.239 --> 00:37:58.519
 So hence, then,

00:37:58.579 --> 00:37:59.940
 Yalies are known as the

00:37:59.940 --> 00:38:00.559
 sons of Eli.

00:38:01.219 --> 00:38:02.219
 Those of you who are

00:38:02.219 --> 00:38:02.980
 biblically literate,

00:38:03.059 --> 00:38:04.259
 though, know what the

00:38:04.259 --> 00:38:05.619
 Bible says about sons of

00:38:05.619 --> 00:38:07.719
 Eli, which is a great

00:38:07.719 --> 00:38:08.459
 thrill to me as a

00:38:08.459 --> 00:38:09.039
 Princeton man.

00:38:09.239 --> 00:38:10.439
 And the sons of Eli

00:38:10.439 --> 00:38:12.219
 were wicked in the sight

00:38:12.219 --> 00:38:13.199
 of the Lord.

00:38:13.939 --> 00:38:15.259
 But moving back to

00:38:15.259 --> 00:38:16.319
 historical matters,

00:38:18.399 --> 00:38:23.079
 1745 was also the year

00:38:23.079 --> 00:38:24.199
 that President Clapp,

00:38:25.639 --> 00:38:27.359
 and technically that was

00:38:27.359 --> 00:38:29.819
 the year that 1745 is

00:38:29.819 --> 00:38:30.739
 when the name Yale

00:38:30.739 --> 00:38:32.579
 College actually was

00:38:32.579 --> 00:38:33.239
 transferred to the

00:38:33.239 --> 00:38:34.339
 college itself and not

00:38:34.339 --> 00:38:35.159
 simply the building.

00:38:35.619 --> 00:38:38.359
 And 1745 was also the

00:38:38.359 --> 00:38:40.479
 year President Clapp drew

00:38:40.479 --> 00:38:42.659
 up a new charter and a

00:38:42.659 --> 00:38:44.799
 list of college rules,

00:38:45.019 --> 00:38:48.119
 which were an explication

00:38:48.119 --> 00:38:50.319
 of the founders' original,

00:38:51.739 --> 00:38:55.559
 the original rules that

00:38:55.559 --> 00:38:56.239
 they had had.

00:38:56.799 --> 00:38:57.919
 Clapp had a gift for

00:38:57.920 --> 00:39:00.079
 spelling things out that

00:39:00.079 --> 00:39:01.500
 no one might wonder,

00:39:02.300 --> 00:39:04.039
 as student or otherwise,

00:39:04.960 --> 00:39:06.340
 what Yale College was

00:39:06.340 --> 00:39:08.639
 about and how the aim was

00:39:08.639 --> 00:39:09.619
 to be attained.

00:39:11.320 --> 00:39:14.539
 So, the Yale College rules

00:39:14.539 --> 00:39:16.559
 state, every student,

00:39:16.820 --> 00:39:18.740
 quote, every student shall

00:39:18.740 --> 00:39:21.539
 consider the main end of his

00:39:21.539 --> 00:39:24.720
 duty to wit, to know God in

00:39:24.719 --> 00:39:27.759
 Jesus Christ and answerably

00:39:27.759 --> 00:39:31.399
 to lead a godly, sober life.

00:39:33.059 --> 00:39:33.579
 Interesting.

00:39:33.759 --> 00:39:34.619
 Times have changed.

00:39:34.639 --> 00:39:35.679
 Times have changed.

00:39:36.559 --> 00:39:38.879
 As each incoming student would

00:39:38.879 --> 00:39:40.459
 read again from the quill of

00:39:40.459 --> 00:39:42.779
 Clapp above the list of books

00:39:42.779 --> 00:39:43.599
 that they were to digest.

00:39:43.779 --> 00:39:44.599
 So, this would have been the

00:39:44.599 --> 00:39:46.639
 first paragraph that every

00:39:46.639 --> 00:39:48.279
 college student would see

00:39:48.279 --> 00:39:50.579
 right above the list of books

00:39:50.579 --> 00:39:51.119
 that they were going to be

00:39:51.119 --> 00:39:54.339
 examined in, and it was this.

00:39:55.519 --> 00:39:58.940
 Above all, have an eye to

00:39:58.940 --> 00:40:01.420
 the great end of your studies,

00:40:02.000 --> 00:40:04.319
 which is to obtain the

00:40:04.319 --> 00:40:08.299
 clearest conception of divine

00:40:08.299 --> 00:40:10.659
 things, to lead you to a

00:40:10.659 --> 00:40:13.539
 saving knowledge of God in his

00:40:13.539 --> 00:40:15.579
 son, Jesus Christ.

00:40:16.539 --> 00:40:17.420
 Isn't that extraordinary?

00:40:18.119 --> 00:40:19.859
 So, here we have an academic

00:40:19.860 --> 00:40:22.380
 institution that clearly

00:40:22.380 --> 00:40:26.700
 identifies as its aim, not an

00:40:26.700 --> 00:40:28.160
 academic, not an educational

00:40:28.160 --> 00:40:30.820
 aim, but a spiritual aim.

00:40:31.700 --> 00:40:34.200
 Our chief aim as this

00:40:34.200 --> 00:40:37.380
 institution, Yale College, is

00:40:37.380 --> 00:40:39.039
 that every student that comes in

00:40:39.039 --> 00:40:42.500
 here experiences regeneration.

00:40:43.240 --> 00:40:44.500
 That's our chief aim.

00:40:44.780 --> 00:40:45.420
 Isn't that extraordinary?

00:40:45.559 --> 00:40:46.420
 I'll read it one more time.

00:40:46.420 --> 00:40:49.079
 Above all, have an eye to the

00:40:49.079 --> 00:40:50.800
 great end of all of your

00:40:50.800 --> 00:40:54.360
 studies, which is to obtain the

00:40:54.360 --> 00:40:56.159
 clearest conceptions of divine

00:40:56.159 --> 00:40:58.720
 things, and to lead you to a

00:40:58.720 --> 00:41:01.400
 saving knowledge of God in his

00:41:01.400 --> 00:41:03.280
 son, Jesus Christ.

00:41:03.740 --> 00:41:04.880
 In fact, the original, if you go

00:41:04.880 --> 00:41:06.280
 back, a lot of it's written in

00:41:06.280 --> 00:41:08.740
 huge caps and bolded, just to make

00:41:08.740 --> 00:41:10.220
 sure you're not going to miss it.

00:41:10.219 --> 00:41:10.779
 No.

00:41:11.379 --> 00:41:12.859
 And that was the president of Yale

00:41:12.859 --> 00:41:13.379
 in September?

00:41:13.959 --> 00:41:16.719
 This is, that was 1745.

00:41:17.139 --> 00:41:17.299
 Yeah.

00:41:17.419 --> 00:41:19.079
 But he was just making explicit the

00:41:19.079 --> 00:41:19.939
 things that were earlier.

00:41:20.159 --> 00:41:20.879
 And this is clap.

00:41:21.159 --> 00:41:21.319
 Yeah.

00:41:22.739 --> 00:41:24.980
 And what daily regimen would

00:41:24.980 --> 00:41:26.439
 conduce to this?

00:41:26.819 --> 00:41:28.679
 Well, as another college rule

00:41:28.679 --> 00:41:31.699
 stated, quote, every student shall

00:41:31.699 --> 00:41:33.959
 exercise himself in reading the

00:41:33.959 --> 00:41:36.599
 holy scriptures by himself every

00:41:36.599 --> 00:41:39.319
 day that the word of Christ may

00:41:39.320 --> 00:41:41.820
 dwell in him richly and that he

00:41:41.820 --> 00:41:43.320
 may be filled with the knowledge

00:41:43.320 --> 00:41:45.500
 of the will of God in all wisdom

00:41:45.500 --> 00:41:47.820
 and spiritual understanding.

00:41:49.320 --> 00:41:53.340
 So this was the holy errand of

00:41:53.340 --> 00:41:55.780
 these beginnings, these the

00:41:55.780 --> 00:41:57.260
 beginnings of Yale.

00:41:58.260 --> 00:42:00.200
 And what became of this godly

00:42:00.200 --> 00:42:01.940
 foundation in subsequent

00:42:01.940 --> 00:42:04.320
 generations will be the topic of

00:42:04.320 --> 00:42:06.220
 some of our following lectures this

00:42:06.220 --> 00:42:06.440
 week.

00:42:06.440 --> 00:42:09.000
 Well, let me stop there because I

00:42:09.000 --> 00:42:10.380
 don't always do a good job about

00:42:10.380 --> 00:42:12.059
 allowing time for questions.

00:42:12.440 --> 00:42:12.579
 Yes.

00:42:12.900 --> 00:42:14.679
 I just, you know, as a Hopkins grad,

00:42:14.860 --> 00:42:16.440
 Hopkins was founded in 1660.

00:42:16.440 --> 00:42:16.960
 1660.

00:42:17.159 --> 00:42:17.400
 Yeah.

00:42:17.519 --> 00:42:19.220
 So was that considered like a feeder

00:42:19.220 --> 00:42:21.320
 to educate the young folks so they'd be

00:42:21.320 --> 00:42:21.900
 prepared?

00:42:22.240 --> 00:42:22.480
 Yes.

00:42:22.480 --> 00:42:23.700
 For when the university would

00:42:23.700 --> 00:42:26.320
 eventually, when a university would

00:42:26.320 --> 00:42:27.280
 eventually be founded?

00:42:27.400 --> 00:42:27.460
 Yes.

00:42:27.460 --> 00:42:27.880
 That's right.

00:42:27.880 --> 00:42:29.320
 So their children would be literate and

00:42:29.320 --> 00:42:31.420
 already have a head up in Latin and

00:42:31.420 --> 00:42:33.179
 That's exactly right.

00:42:33.179 --> 00:42:36.119
 So they had, if you read through it,

00:42:36.399 --> 00:42:39.039
 there's instantly a desire to set up

00:42:39.039 --> 00:42:40.739
 what they would call a Latin school that

00:42:40.739 --> 00:42:42.699
 at least would teach the boys Latin and

00:42:42.699 --> 00:42:46.679
 then rudiments of these, the basic

00:42:46.679 --> 00:42:47.559
 trivium.

00:42:49.019 --> 00:42:55.119
 And this would be, Hopkins school, 1660

00:42:55.119 --> 00:42:56.299
 was one of those.

00:42:56.659 --> 00:42:58.199
 Now at the time, they had hoped that they

00:42:58.199 --> 00:43:00.500
 would have a college right there locally.

00:43:00.500 --> 00:43:02.639
 But then what would happen is the new

00:43:02.639 --> 00:43:04.380
 Haveners that would go to Hopkins would

00:43:04.380 --> 00:43:05.039
 then go to Harvard.

00:43:05.219 --> 00:43:05.320
 Yeah.

00:43:06.039 --> 00:43:07.940
 And that's, that happened for a long

00:43:07.940 --> 00:43:08.239
 time.

00:43:08.559 --> 00:43:08.699
 Yeah.

00:43:08.880 --> 00:43:10.059
 So, yes, you're right.

00:43:10.360 --> 00:43:11.159
 But isn't that extraordinary?

00:43:11.340 --> 00:43:11.940
 That's preparatory.

00:43:12.139 --> 00:43:15.139
 Hopkins, even older than Yale, 1660

00:43:15.139 --> 00:43:16.320
 as opposed to 1701.

00:43:16.639 --> 00:43:17.940
 And again, it was just a matter of

00:43:17.940 --> 00:43:18.519
 expense.

00:43:19.340 --> 00:43:21.739
 It just, they couldn't quite make the

00:43:21.739 --> 00:43:24.360
 cut of getting enough to get a college.

00:43:24.699 --> 00:43:26.460
 But they could get what they call

00:43:26.460 --> 00:43:27.920
 grammar schools or typically Latin

00:43:27.920 --> 00:43:29.440
 schools, they would call it.

00:43:29.440 --> 00:43:29.760
 Yeah.

00:43:30.420 --> 00:43:32.440
 When you see universities leave their

00:43:32.440 --> 00:43:35.019
 first love, like the gospel and Christ,

00:43:35.220 --> 00:43:37.079
 is it, what's the first thing that's

00:43:37.079 --> 00:43:38.300
 attacked within the institution?

00:43:38.480 --> 00:43:39.659
 Is it the authority of scripture or the

00:43:39.659 --> 00:43:40.519
 inerrancy of scripture?

00:43:40.920 --> 00:43:41.220
 Yeah.

00:43:42.059 --> 00:43:43.760
 So, yeah, that's a, that's a, that's a

00:43:43.760 --> 00:43:44.480
 great question.

00:43:44.480 --> 00:43:47.220
 And it's extremely complicated.

00:43:47.960 --> 00:43:48.760
 So briefly.

00:43:49.159 --> 00:43:49.260
 Okay.

00:43:49.260 --> 00:43:55.840
 And there's a great book to read on this.

00:43:55.900 --> 00:43:57.000
 It's a big book.

00:43:57.060 --> 00:44:00.120
 It's by Marsden, George Marsden, called

00:44:00.120 --> 00:44:02.440
 The Soul of the American University.

00:44:02.440 --> 00:44:06.240
 It's not just about Yale, but it's mostly

00:44:06.240 --> 00:44:06.960
 about Yale.

00:44:07.179 --> 00:44:09.880
 And it kind of tells the story of going

00:44:09.880 --> 00:44:13.820
 from established, establishment faith,

00:44:14.260 --> 00:44:17.539
 Christian faith, to established disbelief.

00:44:17.539 --> 00:44:19.639
 And it traces that out.

00:44:20.860 --> 00:44:23.519
 But here's the issue.

00:44:23.659 --> 00:44:25.800
 A lot of times it's easy to think, oh, there

00:44:25.800 --> 00:44:27.539
 must have been some sort of nasty conspiracy

00:44:28.300 --> 00:44:32.440
 of, of atheists that somehow got in and

00:44:32.440 --> 00:44:35.539
 secularized this place in some dark, smoky

00:44:36.099 --> 00:44:36.900
 back room.

00:44:37.279 --> 00:44:38.539
 But actually, no.

00:44:38.539 --> 00:44:45.519
 No, what it was, was many godly people trying

00:44:45.519 --> 00:44:51.059
 to figure out what do we do with what is now a

00:44:51.059 --> 00:44:53.619
 diversity that we never had to deal with.

00:44:53.800 --> 00:44:58.139
 Because when Yale was founded, the colony of

00:44:58.139 --> 00:45:02.759
 New Haven, and even broadly in New England, was

00:45:02.759 --> 00:45:04.659
 largely religiously homogenous.

00:45:04.659 --> 00:45:09.679
 It would be hard to come across anyone who was

00:45:09.679 --> 00:45:11.599
 not your co-religionist.

00:45:12.719 --> 00:45:14.019
 You know, you weren't a believer.

00:45:15.279 --> 00:45:16.139
 Oh, yeah, yeah.

00:45:16.179 --> 00:45:17.819
 You would assert these things in public.

00:45:18.019 --> 00:45:19.839
 You would know that you were not regenerate.

00:45:19.940 --> 00:45:21.359
 But you said, oh, this is the truth.

00:45:21.699 --> 00:45:22.420
 Everybody was a Christian.

00:45:22.519 --> 00:45:22.920
 Exactly.

00:45:23.199 --> 00:45:23.599
 Oh, yeah.

00:45:23.659 --> 00:45:27.739
 This is true if only God would awaken me to

00:45:27.739 --> 00:45:28.199
 love it.

00:45:28.679 --> 00:45:30.399
 You know, so that's how people would describe

00:45:30.399 --> 00:45:30.619
 it.

00:45:30.619 --> 00:45:38.440
 And so as long as there was really the society

00:45:38.440 --> 00:45:42.099
 was religiously homogenous, you could still

00:45:42.099 --> 00:45:45.880
 have a college that was for everybody.

00:45:46.799 --> 00:45:47.480
 And nobody was going to.

00:45:47.719 --> 00:45:50.119
 Sometimes you'd have problems with what Anglicans

00:45:50.119 --> 00:45:53.500
 would say, we don't want to use what we learn

00:45:53.500 --> 00:45:54.179
 our catechism.

00:45:54.239 --> 00:45:55.920
 We don't want to use the Westminster catechism.

00:45:56.000 --> 00:45:57.119
 We want to use our own catechism.

00:45:57.119 --> 00:45:59.440
 So accommodations would be made a little bit.

00:45:59.440 --> 00:46:02.059
 But you're really only going inches in each

00:46:02.059 --> 00:46:02.559
 direction.

00:46:02.780 --> 00:46:04.639
 You know, when you're letting Anglicans use

00:46:04.639 --> 00:46:07.519
 another catechism or go by the 39 articles and

00:46:07.519 --> 00:46:11.099
 this sort of thing, there's really almost no

00:46:11.099 --> 00:46:12.460
 doctrinal difference at all.

00:46:13.260 --> 00:46:15.940
 But then you begin to get some more.

00:46:16.220 --> 00:46:19.139
 And any diversity that New England gets, you

00:46:19.139 --> 00:46:21.079
 force everybody to go to Rhode Island.

00:46:21.500 --> 00:46:23.880
 Because that's where those nasty Baptist words

00:46:23.880 --> 00:46:24.800
 were more tolerant.

00:46:25.320 --> 00:46:25.960
 You don't want that.

00:46:25.960 --> 00:46:30.000
 They called that the sewer of New England.

00:46:30.960 --> 00:46:34.980
 That's where the Baptists were with Roger Williams and those.

00:46:35.340 --> 00:46:36.820
 And that's where you have the first synagogue.

00:46:37.420 --> 00:46:40.780
 The first synagogue in America is in Providence, Rhode Island.

00:46:41.159 --> 00:46:43.720
 You know, because there was religious toleration there.

00:46:43.840 --> 00:46:45.480
 Not elsewhere.

00:46:45.480 --> 00:46:50.380
 But when society became more and more diverse.

00:46:50.500 --> 00:46:53.300
 Now, at first, with immigration, because there's lots of immigration coming in.

00:46:53.599 --> 00:46:58.559
 Now, at first, most of the immigration was from Northern Europe and Western Europe.

00:46:58.900 --> 00:47:00.960
 That is mostly safely Protestant.

00:47:00.960 --> 00:47:06.340
 But then, over the years, it began to shift.

00:47:06.519 --> 00:47:08.420
 It would begin to shift toward the south.

00:47:09.220 --> 00:47:11.440
 And you'd get some Roman Catholics coming in.

00:47:11.559 --> 00:47:14.260
 And it would even shift toward the east, Eastern Europe.

00:47:14.579 --> 00:47:16.320
 And you'd get more Jews coming in.

00:47:17.119 --> 00:47:21.880
 The potato famine in Ireland would bring a lot of Irish Catholics in.

00:47:22.340 --> 00:47:25.860
 So, already by the Civil War, it's becoming a lot more diverse.

00:47:25.860 --> 00:47:30.800
 And you remember Yale's motto, for God, for country, and for Yale.

00:47:31.340 --> 00:47:36.380
 You can almost tell the story of this in terms of what happens as long as...

00:47:36.380 --> 00:47:37.120
 Okay, yep.

00:47:37.320 --> 00:47:38.480
 As long as...

00:47:38.480 --> 00:47:38.900
 Thank you.

00:47:39.260 --> 00:47:43.360
 As long as for God and for country is always in harmony.

00:47:43.960 --> 00:47:47.360
 But what happens if for God and for country is intention?

00:47:47.920 --> 00:47:51.099
 Because not everybody in the country is for God, in your understanding.

00:47:51.099 --> 00:48:00.839
 Then they had to decide, do we make Yale a college just for our little group, or is this going to be a college for the nation?

00:48:01.539 --> 00:48:03.480
 And they decided to go for the nation.

00:48:03.960 --> 00:48:12.099
 So, they would step back on religious requirements and religious tests and that, so it would be open to the nations.

00:48:12.500 --> 00:48:17.699
 Now, some of that was very disturbing for certain of the alumni and the conservatives.

00:48:17.699 --> 00:48:29.500
 But the fact of the shift was concealed largely because you get a liberal Christianity that would use a lot of the terminology, but they would mean something very different.

00:48:29.759 --> 00:48:33.279
 So, it would sound orthodox, but it wouldn't be.

00:48:33.559 --> 00:48:40.019
 It's like one Yale professor said, how could you accuse me of denying the divinity of Christ?

00:48:40.739 --> 00:48:45.099
 I deny the divinity of no man, least of all of Christ.

00:48:45.099 --> 00:48:46.739
 I mean a mental something.

00:48:47.659 --> 00:48:51.259
 So, it was just, you know, language would, you know, conceal these things.

00:48:51.460 --> 00:48:52.679
 So, we need to run.

00:48:52.739 --> 00:48:54.900
 I think they keep flashing me because I'm an offender.

00:48:55.500 --> 00:48:57.380
 But thank you, team.

00:48:57.559 --> 00:49:04.500
 We will see you, Lord willing, next week where I think we'll take up the first great awakening at Yale and New Haven.

00:49:07.139 --> 00:49:09.219
 We'll let you hit that because I'm not sure what to hit.

00:49:09.219 --> 00:49:09.299
 Thank you.