WEBVTT

00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200
 We're going to pick back up here this evening with Dr. Sorensen,

00:00:03.399 --> 00:00:06.980
 and we appreciate him coming and going through these things.

00:00:07.140 --> 00:00:10.939
 And just do make a note, if you are interested in this stuff,

00:00:11.000 --> 00:00:12.919
 they do have some slips back there.

00:00:13.040 --> 00:00:14.720
 You can get the books.

00:00:14.800 --> 00:00:17.280
 I think a lot of the books that they brought have already been gone,

00:00:17.280 --> 00:00:20.359
 but if you want some, they're not gone completely.

00:00:20.519 --> 00:00:21.660
 You can get them ordered, okay?

00:00:21.900 --> 00:00:24.560
 And so they'll be back at the table to get that.

00:00:24.640 --> 00:00:26.000
 So I encourage you to do that.

00:00:26.000 --> 00:00:31.259
 Lots of good stuff there to follow up on, on this material here, even tonight.

00:00:31.500 --> 00:00:34.340
 And so we'll go ahead and have Brother Sorensen come

00:00:34.340 --> 00:00:38.600
 and share with us tonight here as we continue on.

00:00:40.420 --> 00:00:41.439
 Well, amen.

00:00:41.579 --> 00:00:43.679
 Good to see you here on this Tuesday night.

00:00:44.159 --> 00:00:49.060
 Good crowd here, and I'm excited about being here at Plains Baptist Church.

00:00:49.840 --> 00:00:53.799
 As the pastor said, the book table's kind of picked over, but you can.

00:00:53.799 --> 00:00:56.359
 I don't have one with me, but Pam will give you a little yellow slip.

00:00:56.439 --> 00:01:00.059
 You can fill it out, and we'll ship them either to your house or to the church, whichever.

00:01:01.679 --> 00:01:03.199
 And I just wanted to mention two books.

00:01:03.299 --> 00:01:06.319
 One's back at the table called Broad is the Way.

00:01:06.439 --> 00:01:09.879
 You've all heard of fundamental colleges and churches,

00:01:10.479 --> 00:01:11.920
 which in some cases have gone away.

00:01:11.959 --> 00:01:15.140
 In other cases, the churches have gone very liberal and contemporary

00:01:15.140 --> 00:01:16.579
 and become rock and roll churches.

00:01:17.019 --> 00:01:19.179
 And I'm talking about solid fundamental churches.

00:01:20.060 --> 00:01:21.519
 And there is a reason.

00:01:21.519 --> 00:01:24.259
 By the way, one of the things that happens is they change the Bible.

00:01:25.340 --> 00:01:27.219
 And another thing is they change the music.

00:01:28.679 --> 00:01:31.019
 But anyway, that book is back there, Broad is the Way.

00:01:31.340 --> 00:01:33.359
 It's used in Bible colleges around the country.

00:01:33.459 --> 00:01:35.259
 Then another book that's already gone off the table,

00:01:35.739 --> 00:01:39.239
 but just to tell you a little bit about it, it's entitled Have a Heavenly Marriage.

00:01:39.879 --> 00:01:44.500
 Pam and I have been married for 54 years, and we have had a heavenly marriage.

00:01:44.500 --> 00:01:46.900
 And folks, it's all her fault.

00:01:48.920 --> 00:01:53.239
 But I wrote a book about that years ago, and it's published by the Sword of the Lord.

00:01:53.319 --> 00:01:57.439
 It's been in print now for about 28 years, something like that.

00:01:58.620 --> 00:02:01.340
 And let me just tell you a little bit about Pam, how she got saved.

00:02:01.460 --> 00:02:04.019
 Pam grew up in a godless home.

00:02:04.280 --> 00:02:08.000
 They weren't bad people, but they for sure were ungodly people.

00:02:08.000 --> 00:02:14.080
 There was no religion of any flavor whatsoever in the home, nothing.

00:02:15.020 --> 00:02:18.960
 But when she was a teenager, they had moved from Duluth to Minneapolis.

00:02:19.939 --> 00:02:24.520
 And when she was 15 years old, a classmate at a public high school

00:02:24.520 --> 00:02:28.939
 invited her to a youth activity at the old Fourth Baptist Church in Minneapolis.

00:02:29.780 --> 00:02:32.840
 And in those years, back in the 1960s,

00:02:33.400 --> 00:02:36.879
 Fourth Baptist probably had one of the most powerful youth programs in the nation.

00:02:36.879 --> 00:02:42.500
 And their policy was that if that, and they had several youth pastors,

00:02:42.859 --> 00:02:48.079
 but their policy was that they'd have a youth activity every Saturday night

00:02:48.079 --> 00:02:51.620
 and do something, but if the kids didn't bring some unsafe visitors,

00:02:51.719 --> 00:02:52.639
 they canceled the activity.

00:02:54.099 --> 00:02:57.359
 And so there almost always were visitors.

00:02:58.199 --> 00:03:00.460
 And so Pam got invited to one of these activities.

00:03:00.599 --> 00:03:03.759
 They went roller skating on a Saturday night in the suburbs of Minneapolis.

00:03:03.759 --> 00:03:08.439
 And one of her friend's cousins said to Pam,

00:03:08.899 --> 00:03:10.039
 as they were getting ready to go,

00:03:10.219 --> 00:03:12.099
 whatever you do, don't get saved.

00:03:12.299 --> 00:03:14.199
 Pam thought, saved? Saved from what?

00:03:14.859 --> 00:03:15.699
 I'm not drowning.

00:03:16.780 --> 00:03:20.620
 And so they did their roller skating,

00:03:21.539 --> 00:03:24.259
 and then the youth pastor, I guess they took their skates off.

00:03:24.319 --> 00:03:26.560
 I wasn't there, but they took their skates off

00:03:26.560 --> 00:03:28.519
 and set all the kids down on the floor, and he preached.

00:03:28.639 --> 00:03:30.259
 He just didn't have devotions. He preached.

00:03:30.259 --> 00:03:34.239
 And after preaching a salvation message, gave an invitation,

00:03:34.639 --> 00:03:38.560
 and they had an accordion there, and sang verses of Just As I Am.

00:03:38.599 --> 00:03:40.819
 And on the last verse of Just As I Am,

00:03:41.239 --> 00:03:42.599
 Pam got up and went forward,

00:03:42.719 --> 00:03:46.120
 and a lady from the church sat down and led her to Christ on that Saturday night.

00:03:47.120 --> 00:03:49.659
 And folks, when she got saved, she got saved.

00:03:50.239 --> 00:03:51.739
 And she hit the ground running.

00:03:53.399 --> 00:03:57.120
 Arrangments were made to pick her up on the Sunday school bus the next morning.

00:03:57.120 --> 00:04:02.560
 And within a year, by the time she was 16 years old,

00:04:02.640 --> 00:04:06.539
 she was leading one of the junior churches there at Fourth Baptist Church,

00:04:06.599 --> 00:04:07.039
 a big church.

00:04:07.159 --> 00:04:08.560
 They had several layers of junior church.

00:04:09.140 --> 00:04:12.700
 And she was leading the four- and five-year-old junior church program.

00:04:13.460 --> 00:04:16.699
 And she's been going full blast in children's work ever since.

00:04:17.360 --> 00:04:22.319
 But she's a sweetheart, and I'm so glad, thankful the Lord gave her to me.

00:04:22.319 --> 00:04:26.040
 By the way, her father was an American Indian,

00:04:26.180 --> 00:04:28.540
 in fact, grew up on the reservation there in northwestern Wisconsin.

00:04:29.240 --> 00:04:31.180
 And her mother is Finnish.

00:04:31.500 --> 00:04:33.019
 Her parents came from Finland.

00:04:33.219 --> 00:04:33.899
 They were grandparents.

00:04:34.740 --> 00:04:35.920
 And they were atheists.

00:04:36.459 --> 00:04:39.420
 But anyway, so her mother was a Finn.

00:04:39.500 --> 00:04:40.480
 Her father was an Indian.

00:04:40.800 --> 00:04:43.159
 That makes her a Findian.

00:04:45.019 --> 00:04:48.039
 And we've got a bunch of them up in our part of the world.

00:04:48.040 --> 00:04:53.960
 Anyway, take your Bible this evening and turn to 2 Corinthians 6 and verse 17.

00:04:54.120 --> 00:04:56.080
 We're going to read one verse here this evening.

00:04:56.500 --> 00:05:00.180
 2 Corinthians 6, beginning in verse 17.

00:05:01.960 --> 00:05:04.240
 2 Corinthians 6 and verse 17.

00:05:05.100 --> 00:05:09.620
 Wherefore, come out from among them, and be ye separate, saith the Lord,

00:05:10.240 --> 00:05:14.060
 and touch not the unclean thing, and I will receive you.

00:05:14.060 --> 00:05:21.100
 And, Father, this evening, again, as we would look at this matter of the Bible translation controversy

00:05:21.100 --> 00:05:23.459
 and the texts that underlie,

00:05:24.060 --> 00:05:28.439
 Lord, in this hour tonight, my name be glorified and your word magnified.

00:05:29.220 --> 00:05:32.279
 And, Father, help me to help your people to understand the issues tonight.

00:05:32.899 --> 00:05:34.399
 And I ask it in Jesus' name.

00:05:34.519 --> 00:05:34.800
 Amen.

00:05:35.340 --> 00:05:40.399
 Now, as I said Sunday, the issue is not that I like this translation better than the King James,

00:05:40.399 --> 00:05:45.339
 or this translation is easier to read, or maybe this translation is more accurate.

00:05:45.659 --> 00:05:46.659
 Folks, that's not the issue.

00:05:47.060 --> 00:05:50.919
 The issue is that there are two different Greek texts.

00:05:51.459 --> 00:05:54.719
 On the one hand is the traditional received text,

00:05:55.259 --> 00:05:57.539
 and it's from whence the King James Bible is translated.

00:05:58.000 --> 00:05:58.899
 We'll see tomorrow night.

00:05:58.959 --> 00:06:03.839
 This can be traced right back to the years not long after the death of the Apostle John.

00:06:03.839 --> 00:06:09.319
 On the other hand, all, and this is just a fraction of the modern Bible,

00:06:09.479 --> 00:06:12.119
 there are literally scores of them.

00:06:12.919 --> 00:06:15.560
 But almost all of them are based on the modern critical text,

00:06:15.619 --> 00:06:17.019
 and we're going to talk about this tonight.

00:06:17.679 --> 00:06:20.459
 And we'll see that the modern critical text,

00:06:20.599 --> 00:06:23.339
 you say, why do they call it the modern critical text?

00:06:23.679 --> 00:06:25.500
 Folks, because it's the text of the critics.

00:06:25.500 --> 00:06:31.300
 And we're going to see that most of the people associated with the critical text,

00:06:31.740 --> 00:06:34.160
 from whence these modern Bibles come,

00:06:34.819 --> 00:06:41.420
 most of these people, it's a litany of heresy, apostasy, liberalism,

00:06:41.839 --> 00:06:43.500
 in some cases the occult.

00:06:45.019 --> 00:06:48.199
 And in one case, there's strong suspicion of adultery.

00:06:48.620 --> 00:06:52.180
 I mean, these are the people that are giving us this.

00:06:52.800 --> 00:06:54.500
 Now, I am a fundamentalist.

00:06:54.500 --> 00:06:58.779
 And the twin pillars of fundamentalism are, one,

00:06:58.920 --> 00:07:02.180
 an adherence to cardinal Orthodox Christian doctrine,

00:07:02.660 --> 00:07:06.579
 and number two, separating from apostasy and heresy.

00:07:07.199 --> 00:07:08.879
 I am a fundamentalist by conviction.

00:07:09.019 --> 00:07:10.980
 Some folks today are nervous about using that term.

00:07:11.459 --> 00:07:13.439
 But, folks, there's a rich history there behind it.

00:07:13.459 --> 00:07:14.459
 We won't get into that tonight.

00:07:15.000 --> 00:07:18.939
 But, again, the critical text crowd, the editors,

00:07:19.319 --> 00:07:24.160
 and the origins of it is a who's who of liberals and apostates,

00:07:24.160 --> 00:07:24.820
 and heretics.

00:07:25.540 --> 00:07:29.080
 And so tonight, let's just talk a little bit about the origins

00:07:29.080 --> 00:07:31.840
 and the editors and the developers of the critical text.

00:07:31.839 --> 00:07:36.579
 We touched on last night how that Sinaiticus and Vaticanus,

00:07:36.619 --> 00:07:40.359
 and if you haven't been here, there are two major manuscripts

00:07:40.359 --> 00:07:43.339
 that undergird the modern critical text.

00:07:43.439 --> 00:07:44.819
 One is called Sinaiticus.

00:07:44.919 --> 00:07:47.099
 It was found at Mount Sinai in Egypt.

00:07:47.219 --> 00:07:48.479
 And the other was called Vaticanus.

00:07:48.480 --> 00:07:50.360
 It was found in the Vatican.

00:07:52.220 --> 00:07:58.160
 And those two manuscripts comprise about 98% of the modern critical text.

00:07:58.360 --> 00:08:04.140
 And there's about 45 other fragments that have been woven into the modern critical text.

00:08:04.660 --> 00:08:10.980
 But Sinaiticus and Vaticanus had their roots in there from whence they were copied.

00:08:11.040 --> 00:08:13.920
 They were copied from something, even though, as we saw Sunday morning,

00:08:13.920 --> 00:08:14.980
 they're really not old.

00:08:15.800 --> 00:08:20.560
 Sinaiticus was made in 1840, and Vaticanus probably in 1435.

00:08:21.300 --> 00:08:23.580
 And by biblical standards, that is not old.

00:08:25.199 --> 00:08:31.379
 But the sourcing of these goes back to Alexandria, Egypt.

00:08:31.500 --> 00:08:32.779
 We touched on this last night.

00:08:32.779 --> 00:08:40.600
 And how that Alexandria, Egypt was the hotbed or the seat of the philosophy called Gnosticism.

00:08:40.720 --> 00:08:44.579
 And we saw last night that Gnosticism, as among many other things,

00:08:44.620 --> 00:08:49.919
 but one part of it is that they believe that anything physical or made of matter is evil,

00:08:50.019 --> 00:08:52.959
 and only that which is spiritual is good.

00:08:53.259 --> 00:08:57.240
 And therefore, they did not believe or they do not believe that Jesus of Nazareth

00:08:57.240 --> 00:08:59.600
 was the Christ because he had a physical body.

00:09:00.159 --> 00:09:00.919
 That is heresy.

00:09:00.919 --> 00:09:06.360
 But that has profoundly influenced these manuscripts,

00:09:06.539 --> 00:09:09.860
 and we won't go much at this point or at this moment.

00:09:11.179 --> 00:09:18.500
 But the very origins of the critical text are rooted in Gnosticism.

00:09:19.959 --> 00:09:23.439
 Well, if we fast forward a little further into history,

00:09:23.819 --> 00:09:28.379
 coming into the 1700s, things were developing in Germany.

00:09:28.379 --> 00:09:32.480
 And folks, in the last 300 years, a lot of bad stuff has come out of Germany.

00:09:33.419 --> 00:09:37.279
 Not the least of which was the Nazi Party in the 20th century.

00:09:38.000 --> 00:09:45.059
 And it was rooted in the fact that the religious intelligentsia in Germany in particular

00:09:45.059 --> 00:09:49.120
 had rejected the word of God.

00:09:49.120 --> 00:09:53.580
 And it was called German rationalism.

00:09:54.740 --> 00:09:59.519
 Now, German rationalism today would be just modern liberalism.

00:09:59.519 --> 00:10:07.480
 But the philosophy was that if something in the Bible is not rational,

00:10:07.919 --> 00:10:11.720
 we'll forget what the Bible says and go with that which is rational.

00:10:11.840 --> 00:10:17.419
 For example, in the Bible where it talks about Israel causing the Red Sea,

00:10:18.000 --> 00:10:19.980
 the rationalists or the liberals will say,

00:10:20.139 --> 00:10:24.199
 well, it really was the Reed Sea and it was only ankle deep.

00:10:24.200 --> 00:10:30.900
 Well, what happened to the Egyptians when they went through that ankle deep sea?

00:10:32.860 --> 00:10:36.040
 Or they say, well, when Jesus walked on the Sea of Galilee,

00:10:36.300 --> 00:10:40.340
 what really happened is that there were rocks just beneath the surface of the water.

00:10:40.440 --> 00:10:42.240
 You're just stepping from rock to rock to rock.

00:10:42.780 --> 00:10:44.580
 Have you ever stepped on rocks underwater?

00:10:45.900 --> 00:10:47.280
 Yeah, they're slippery, aren't they?

00:10:47.279 --> 00:10:50.079
 But, I mean, they try to explain away.

00:10:50.399 --> 00:10:53.480
 And so rationalism does not believe in the virgin birth.

00:10:53.559 --> 00:10:56.079
 They do not believe in the inspiration of the scriptures.

00:10:56.220 --> 00:10:58.059
 They do not believe in the miracles of the Bible.

00:10:58.500 --> 00:11:00.879
 They certainly don't believe in a literal hell.

00:11:01.480 --> 00:11:04.240
 Everybody's going to go to heaven, but for sure nobody's going to go to hell.

00:11:04.740 --> 00:11:06.199
 And it's just liberalism.

00:11:06.480 --> 00:11:07.939
 They denied the deity of Christ.

00:11:08.019 --> 00:11:10.199
 They denied the physical bodily resurrection of Christ.

00:11:10.199 --> 00:11:12.220
 This is German rationalism.

00:11:12.220 --> 00:11:20.080
 Now, I belabor that point because this philosophy of rationalism

00:11:20.080 --> 00:11:25.180
 had a profound influence of English editors by the name of Westcott and Hort.

00:11:25.279 --> 00:11:26.320
 We'll come to it in just a moment.

00:11:27.120 --> 00:11:31.000
 But Westcott and Hort had great respect to a German rationalist

00:11:31.000 --> 00:11:35.420
 by the name of Johann Griesbach.

00:11:35.920 --> 00:11:40.200
 And he produced what was probably the first critical text back in the 18th century.

00:11:40.200 --> 00:11:45.320
 But Westcott and Hort were, in their biography written by their sons,

00:11:45.440 --> 00:11:50.200
 said they venerated the name of Griesbach, a liberal, a rationalist.

00:11:50.280 --> 00:11:52.259
 It tells us something about Westcott and Hort.

00:11:53.620 --> 00:11:57.700
 Well, another German rationalist that is a part of the story,

00:11:57.759 --> 00:11:59.259
 and we spent some time on this on Sunday morning,

00:11:59.320 --> 00:12:01.660
 was a man by the name of Tischendorf.

00:12:02.460 --> 00:12:04.800
 And Tischendorf was a German rationalist.

00:12:04.840 --> 00:12:05.840
 He was a liberal Lutheran.

00:12:05.840 --> 00:12:13.040
 And he began with a premise that we have lost the original documents of the New Testament,

00:12:13.180 --> 00:12:15.100
 lost the autographs.

00:12:15.580 --> 00:12:17.139
 And therefore, he was on a mission.

00:12:17.240 --> 00:12:19.500
 He set out on a mission to find old manuscripts,

00:12:19.920 --> 00:12:22.120
 to find out what the New Testament really said.

00:12:22.399 --> 00:12:24.040
 Folks, I don't need to find an old manuscript.

00:12:24.340 --> 00:12:25.420
 I already know what it says.

00:12:26.200 --> 00:12:27.160
 It's right there.

00:12:28.480 --> 00:12:31.840
 He did not believe in preservation, much less verbal preservation.

00:12:31.840 --> 00:12:35.960
 We saw last night where Jesus said, heaven and earth shall pass away,

00:12:36.040 --> 00:12:38.660
 but my words, plural, shall not pass away.

00:12:38.960 --> 00:12:40.240
 Tischendorf did not believe that.

00:12:41.580 --> 00:12:45.340
 And so as we saw Sunday morning, he wound up going to Mount Sinai,

00:12:45.500 --> 00:12:48.139
 the Greek Orthodox monastery there,

00:12:48.759 --> 00:12:52.680
 and cooked up this story of finding a manuscript in the wastebasket

00:12:52.680 --> 00:12:54.480
 that they're using for kindling.

00:12:54.580 --> 00:12:56.300
 And I won't go into that story far here tonight.

00:12:56.299 --> 00:13:02.079
 And what he in fact did is stole it and took part of it away in 1843

00:13:02.079 --> 00:13:04.240
 and took the rest of it away in 1859.

00:13:04.579 --> 00:13:10.519
 But the point is, here was a rationalist who also was dishonest

00:13:10.519 --> 00:13:12.699
 and frankly a thief.

00:13:13.219 --> 00:13:13.939
 Nice guy.

00:13:13.940 --> 00:13:20.840
 And he also went to the Vatican in 1843,

00:13:21.200 --> 00:13:24.320
 and at a time when the Catholics were very hostile to Protestants,

00:13:24.380 --> 00:13:26.840
 but nevertheless he had a very cozy relationship with Tischendorf,

00:13:27.460 --> 00:13:32.500
 and allowed him to copy an old manuscript in the Vatican library

00:13:32.500 --> 00:13:35.000
 that came to be known as Vaticanus, the Book of the Vatican.

00:13:35.520 --> 00:13:38.540
 Now both these manuscripts, Sinaiticus and Vaticanus,

00:13:38.539 --> 00:13:47.099
 made their way to England in the 1850s and 1860s.

00:13:47.819 --> 00:13:49.980
 And there were two British scholars,

00:13:50.079 --> 00:13:51.559
 and we're going to park on these for a while tonight.

00:13:51.939 --> 00:13:56.419
 One was the name of Bruce Voss Westcott, or just Dr. Westcott,

00:13:56.819 --> 00:13:59.740
 and the other was Fenton John Anthony Hort, or Dr. Hort,

00:13:59.980 --> 00:14:01.899
 and more commonly referred to Westcott and Hort.

00:14:02.120 --> 00:14:04.000
 And these are significant figures.

00:14:04.240 --> 00:14:06.219
 I'm going to drop a lot of names tonight

00:14:06.219 --> 00:14:08.059
 and have over the last couple of days,

00:14:08.059 --> 00:14:11.359
 but on the bad guy side, you ought to remember Westcott and Hort.

00:14:11.939 --> 00:14:15.639
 And if you've studied the issue at all, you know that they're key figures.

00:14:15.799 --> 00:14:20.299
 And so they took this, they were given copies, not the actual manuscript,

00:14:20.459 --> 00:14:22.759
 but they're given copies of Vaticanus and Sinaiticus,

00:14:23.199 --> 00:14:28.139
 and from about 1851 to 1881, now they didn't do it full time,

00:14:28.859 --> 00:14:31.219
 Dr. Hort was a professor at Oxford University,

00:14:31.699 --> 00:14:35.099
 and Dr. Westcott was a bishop in the Church of England.

00:14:35.100 --> 00:14:38.259
 But over the next 30 years, not full time, but part time,

00:14:38.320 --> 00:14:40.399
 they worked on co-leading these two manuscripts.

00:14:40.560 --> 00:14:44.740
 And by the way, though they are both supposedly Alexandrian manuscripts,

00:14:44.899 --> 00:14:47.100
 they differed in thousands of places.

00:14:48.060 --> 00:14:50.519
 In fact, one British scholar, Dr. Burgon,

00:14:50.600 --> 00:14:53.700
 said that it's easier to find two verses that disagree,

00:14:53.840 --> 00:14:55.540
 or agree than those that disagree.

00:14:56.100 --> 00:14:59.100
 I mean, it's just riddled with contradictions.

00:14:59.100 --> 00:15:03.580
 But anyway, and so they labored for 30 years,

00:15:04.399 --> 00:15:11.300
 and in 1881, they released their revised Greek text,

00:15:11.440 --> 00:15:13.680
 their new Greek text of the New Testament,

00:15:14.139 --> 00:15:17.040
 based primarily on Vaticanus and Sinaiticus.

00:15:17.139 --> 00:15:17.659
 Here it is.

00:15:18.980 --> 00:15:21.080
 And this has become the granddaddy.

00:15:21.500 --> 00:15:24.960
 As we'll see in a few minutes, it evolved into,

00:15:24.960 --> 00:15:27.780
 and that's a good word in this case, very accurate,

00:15:28.180 --> 00:15:29.860
 evolved into the modern critical text,

00:15:29.940 --> 00:15:32.580
 because they're very similar, though they're having some changes.

00:15:33.240 --> 00:15:35.120
 But let's talk about Westcott and Hort tonight,

00:15:35.220 --> 00:15:39.019
 because they are truly the granddaddies of the modern critical text.

00:15:40.180 --> 00:15:41.639
 As I mentioned a moment ago,

00:15:42.019 --> 00:15:44.580
 they venerated the name of Griesbach,

00:15:44.700 --> 00:15:47.440
 who was one of the original German rationalists.

00:15:47.440 --> 00:15:50.880
 What some folks don't want to hear and don't want to believe,

00:15:50.980 --> 00:15:53.760
 but it's verifiable historically,

00:15:54.480 --> 00:15:57.020
 and that is that Dr. Westcott and Dr. Hort,

00:15:57.400 --> 00:16:01.400
 over those 30 years that they were putting together their Greek text,

00:16:02.240 --> 00:16:03.580
 get the right book out here,

00:16:04.380 --> 00:16:06.140
 working on their Greek text,

00:16:06.680 --> 00:16:09.820
 they also were dabbling in the occult,

00:16:10.260 --> 00:16:13.120
 and that's not a suspicion or an allegation, that is a fact.

00:16:13.120 --> 00:16:18.659
 Their sons both wrote extensive biographies of their fathers,

00:16:19.399 --> 00:16:23.860
 and both sons very definitively talked about how their fathers

00:16:23.860 --> 00:16:25.879
 were involved in the occult,

00:16:27.399 --> 00:16:27.940
 seances,

00:16:28.679 --> 00:16:33.159
 trying to raise the spirits of the dead.

00:16:34.000 --> 00:16:36.360
 And it was fashionable in England of that era.

00:16:37.840 --> 00:16:41.000
 They founded or were on the ground floor in England

00:16:41.000 --> 00:16:43.960
 of an organization called the Ghostly Guild.

00:16:44.220 --> 00:16:45.220
 They believed in ghosts

00:16:45.220 --> 00:16:49.639
 and tried to resurrect ghosts in their seances.

00:16:50.559 --> 00:16:53.740
 And that Ghostly Guild later was changed to the name

00:16:53.740 --> 00:16:56.080
 the Society of Psychical Research.

00:16:56.259 --> 00:16:57.820
 You can go online and read about it.

00:16:57.860 --> 00:16:58.539
 It still exists.

00:16:59.000 --> 00:17:01.220
 And in the history of the Society of Psychical Research,

00:17:01.720 --> 00:17:04.339
 two of the organizers of it originally

00:17:04.339 --> 00:17:06.460
 were Dr. Westcott and Dr. Hort.

00:17:06.460 --> 00:17:10.740
 But what is particularly concerning

00:17:10.740 --> 00:17:14.299
 is that they practice something called

00:17:14.299 --> 00:17:16.079
 the communion of the saints.

00:17:16.840 --> 00:17:20.660
 Now that sounds like an innocuous thought

00:17:20.660 --> 00:17:22.740
 and a religious thought,

00:17:22.840 --> 00:17:23.880
 the communion of the saints.

00:17:25.180 --> 00:17:28.180
 But remember with me that in England,

00:17:28.319 --> 00:17:30.380
 and I've seen this in New England as well,

00:17:30.480 --> 00:17:31.440
 in upstate New York,

00:17:32.240 --> 00:17:33.759
 we don't much see it in the Midwest,

00:17:33.759 --> 00:17:36.299
 but quite a few churches will have a cemetery

00:17:36.299 --> 00:17:37.599
 right next door to the church.

00:17:38.299 --> 00:17:40.319
 I mean, the next lot over is a cemetery

00:17:40.319 --> 00:17:42.500
 where members of the church are buried.

00:17:43.619 --> 00:17:45.980
 And in some of the large cathedrals

00:17:45.980 --> 00:17:47.420
 of the Anglican Church in England,

00:17:47.559 --> 00:17:50.019
 Westminster Abbey and St. Paul's Cathedral

00:17:50.019 --> 00:17:52.720
 and other major churches like that in London,

00:17:53.160 --> 00:17:56.379
 they sometimes buried important church leaders

00:17:56.379 --> 00:17:57.339
 under the floor.

00:17:58.599 --> 00:18:01.279
 And you can go today and tour Westminster Abbey,

00:18:01.279 --> 00:18:04.460
 and there in the marble floor will be plaques

00:18:04.460 --> 00:18:07.019
 of that Saint so-and-so or whatever

00:18:07.019 --> 00:18:08.399
 is buried beneath.

00:18:10.000 --> 00:18:11.680
 Now, what is significant about that

00:18:11.680 --> 00:18:13.500
 is that Westcott and Hort, along with others,

00:18:14.099 --> 00:18:15.619
 would go into such cathedrals

00:18:15.619 --> 00:18:18.680
 at night, at midnight, on a dark night

00:18:18.680 --> 00:18:19.940
 with all the lights turned out.

00:18:20.420 --> 00:18:21.680
 Sounds kind of spooky, doesn't it?

00:18:21.839 --> 00:18:24.220
 And try and conjure up

00:18:24.220 --> 00:18:26.539
 the spirits of those departed dead.

00:18:26.539 --> 00:18:29.659
 And they reportedly did.

00:18:30.859 --> 00:18:32.319
 Now, I don't think they were communing

00:18:32.319 --> 00:18:33.879
 with the spirits of the departed dead, folks.

00:18:33.940 --> 00:18:36.359
 They were communing with another type of spirit,

00:18:37.240 --> 00:18:38.000
 and that is demons.

00:18:40.200 --> 00:18:43.180
 But they would commune with them,

00:18:43.759 --> 00:18:44.740
 converse with them.

00:18:45.059 --> 00:18:46.539
 Folks, that is of the devil.

00:18:46.920 --> 00:18:49.980
 And here are the guys that are in the process

00:18:49.980 --> 00:18:52.420
 of developing this modern Greek text,

00:18:52.420 --> 00:18:54.620
 which is going to become the foundation

00:18:54.620 --> 00:18:58.740
 of all these modern Bibles.

00:18:59.680 --> 00:19:01.860
 That is verifiable history.

00:19:02.860 --> 00:19:04.800
 But most people don't know about that.

00:19:06.140 --> 00:19:08.060
 And so, in the year 1881,

00:19:08.640 --> 00:19:10.160
 Dr. Westcott and Hort released

00:19:10.160 --> 00:19:11.620
 their new Greek text.

00:19:12.680 --> 00:19:13.840
 And we saw last night

00:19:13.840 --> 00:19:15.680
 some of the 16 verses

00:19:15.680 --> 00:19:17.080
 that are omitted from it.

00:19:17.660 --> 00:19:19.700
 And just a few of the many verses

00:19:19.700 --> 00:19:21.140
 that have been altered or changed

00:19:21.140 --> 00:19:23.320
 by changing a word or adding a word

00:19:23.320 --> 00:19:24.800
 and mostly just omitting words.

00:19:25.420 --> 00:19:26.220
 And particularly,

00:19:26.740 --> 00:19:28.800
 a disconnect between Jesus as Lord

00:19:28.800 --> 00:19:29.920
 and Jesus as Christ.

00:19:30.840 --> 00:19:33.860
 And, well, that was in 1881.

00:19:34.120 --> 00:19:36.200
 Incidentally, in 1883,

00:19:37.540 --> 00:19:38.320
 in England,

00:19:39.540 --> 00:19:41.580
 based on the Westcott and Hort text,

00:19:42.440 --> 00:19:46.120
 came the first modern language Bible.

00:19:46.680 --> 00:19:49.200
 It was called the English Revised Version,

00:19:49.320 --> 00:19:50.480
 the E-R-V.

00:19:51.500 --> 00:19:53.380
 Now, I doubt if you could find that

00:19:53.380 --> 00:19:54.080
 anywhere today.

00:19:54.200 --> 00:19:55.180
 You can even go on the internet.

00:19:55.360 --> 00:19:56.620
 You might read about it.

00:19:56.840 --> 00:19:57.960
 But I doubt if you can order it.

00:19:58.000 --> 00:19:58.620
 I think it's totally,

00:19:58.740 --> 00:19:59.460
 completely out of hand.

00:19:59.580 --> 00:20:00.300
 And so many of these

00:20:00.300 --> 00:20:01.680
 modern language Bibles,

00:20:01.780 --> 00:20:02.500
 like I said last night,

00:20:02.560 --> 00:20:04.120
 have a shelf life of about 30 years.

00:20:04.560 --> 00:20:06.000
 And then another one comes along.

00:20:07.100 --> 00:20:07.500
 But anyway,

00:20:07.560 --> 00:20:08.440
 that was the first

00:20:08.440 --> 00:20:09.800
 modern language translation

00:20:09.800 --> 00:20:11.160
 in England.

00:20:11.820 --> 00:20:13.080
 Well, let's cross the pond.

00:20:13.140 --> 00:20:13.920
 Let's come to America.

00:20:13.920 --> 00:20:18.279
 In the year 1901,

00:20:19.279 --> 00:20:20.920
 an American church leader,

00:20:21.080 --> 00:20:22.900
 again, a theological liberal,

00:20:24.460 --> 00:20:26.700
 took Westcott and Hort's text

00:20:26.700 --> 00:20:30.120
 and had it translated

00:20:30.120 --> 00:20:32.740
 into what became known as

00:20:32.740 --> 00:20:34.680
 the American Standard Version,

00:20:34.819 --> 00:20:35.940
 the A-S-V.

00:20:36.660 --> 00:20:39.279
 When I was in seminary

00:20:39.279 --> 00:20:41.140
 in the late 1960s,

00:20:41.640 --> 00:20:42.980
 when I was in seminary,

00:20:43.100 --> 00:20:44.000
 we were told

00:20:44.000 --> 00:20:45.779
 that the A-S-V,

00:20:45.900 --> 00:20:46.640
 the American Standard,

00:20:47.000 --> 00:20:48.279
 was the bedrock

00:20:48.279 --> 00:20:49.460
 of biblical honesty.

00:20:49.460 --> 00:20:51.420
 Well, it was based

00:20:51.420 --> 00:20:52.299
 on the critical text.

00:20:52.799 --> 00:20:54.120
 And I think you'd be hard-pressed

00:20:54.120 --> 00:20:55.380
 to find an A-S-V today.

00:20:56.380 --> 00:20:57.059
 Now, you can find

00:20:57.059 --> 00:20:59.360
 a new American Standard Bible,

00:20:59.620 --> 00:21:00.460
 which revised

00:21:00.460 --> 00:21:01.840
 the original American Standard.

00:21:02.460 --> 00:21:03.200
 And we'll get to that here

00:21:03.200 --> 00:21:03.740
 in just a moment.

00:21:03.980 --> 00:21:04.340
 But anyway,

00:21:04.600 --> 00:21:05.140
 Philip Schaaf,

00:21:05.180 --> 00:21:06.240
 let's talk about him for a minute.

00:21:08.120 --> 00:21:08.980
 Not only was he

00:21:08.980 --> 00:21:10.079
 a liberal theologian,

00:21:10.799 --> 00:21:11.940
 but Philip Schaaf,

00:21:12.360 --> 00:21:13.460
 in 1893,

00:21:15.079 --> 00:21:16.660
 organized the

00:21:16.660 --> 00:21:18.460
 first world parliament

00:21:18.460 --> 00:21:19.940
 parliament of religions.

00:21:20.640 --> 00:21:21.420
 Now, if you recall

00:21:21.420 --> 00:21:22.220
 in American history,

00:21:22.319 --> 00:21:22.960
 in 1893,

00:21:22.960 --> 00:21:24.819
 was the Columbian Exposition

00:21:24.819 --> 00:21:26.480
 there on Lake Michigan

00:21:26.480 --> 00:21:27.640
 on the south side of Chicago.

00:21:27.960 --> 00:21:28.819
 It was a world fair.

00:21:29.680 --> 00:21:30.559
 And people came

00:21:30.559 --> 00:21:32.160
 from all over the world

00:21:32.160 --> 00:21:33.960
 to the Columbian Exposition.

00:21:34.140 --> 00:21:35.819
 One building still survives,

00:21:36.440 --> 00:21:37.079
 and that is

00:21:37.079 --> 00:21:38.400
 the Museum of Science and Industry

00:21:38.400 --> 00:21:39.360
 there on the lakefront

00:21:39.360 --> 00:21:39.880
 in Chicago.

00:21:41.100 --> 00:21:41.819
 But anyway,

00:21:42.319 --> 00:21:43.039
 Philip Schaaf

00:21:43.039 --> 00:21:44.600
 organized the

00:21:44.600 --> 00:21:45.460
 world parliament

00:21:46.220 --> 00:21:46.900
 of religions.

00:21:46.900 --> 00:21:48.019
 And he brought together

00:21:48.019 --> 00:21:49.819
 Catholics and Protestants

00:21:49.819 --> 00:21:50.579
 and Hindus

00:21:50.579 --> 00:21:51.799
 and Muslims

00:21:51.799 --> 00:21:52.599
 and Buddhists

00:21:52.599 --> 00:21:54.420
 and Confucianists

00:21:54.420 --> 00:21:56.420
 and American Indian religion

00:21:56.420 --> 00:21:58.420
 and African Native religion

00:21:58.420 --> 00:21:59.740
 and all the religions

00:21:59.740 --> 00:22:00.180
 of the world.

00:22:00.299 --> 00:22:01.519
 He tried to bring them together.

00:22:01.639 --> 00:22:01.839
 Folks,

00:22:02.099 --> 00:22:02.700
 that's the beginning

00:22:02.700 --> 00:22:03.879
 of the ecumenical movement.

00:22:05.519 --> 00:22:06.680
 And guess who was going

00:22:06.680 --> 00:22:07.579
 to be the final leader

00:22:07.579 --> 00:22:08.740
 of that ecumenical movement?

00:22:09.900 --> 00:22:10.819
 That's the Antichrist.

00:22:11.099 --> 00:22:11.359
 Now,

00:22:11.700 --> 00:22:12.900
 Schaaf wasn't the Antichrist

00:22:12.900 --> 00:22:14.279
 or the false prophet.

00:22:14.279 --> 00:22:17.779
 But he began the movement,

00:22:17.920 --> 00:22:19.059
 and it's still out there

00:22:19.059 --> 00:22:20.379
 lurking in the shadows.

00:22:21.099 --> 00:22:22.279
 And the liberal elements,

00:22:22.559 --> 00:22:23.460
 and the Catholic Church

00:22:23.460 --> 00:22:23.879
 particularly,

00:22:24.000 --> 00:22:25.160
 is trying to get all the Protestants

00:22:25.160 --> 00:22:26.000
 to come home to Rome.

00:22:26.240 --> 00:22:27.420
 And they make no pretense

00:22:27.420 --> 00:22:27.980
 about that.

00:22:28.200 --> 00:22:28.680
 And so,

00:22:29.279 --> 00:22:30.240
 there is the English

00:22:30.240 --> 00:22:31.059
 Revised Version

00:22:31.059 --> 00:22:31.579
 in England.

00:22:32.259 --> 00:22:32.740
 1901,

00:22:32.940 --> 00:22:34.299
 the American Standard Version

00:22:34.299 --> 00:22:35.019
 in America.

00:22:36.299 --> 00:22:36.700
 Well,

00:22:36.759 --> 00:22:37.720
 let's go back to Germany.

00:22:38.220 --> 00:22:39.180
 Because there are other

00:22:39.180 --> 00:22:40.139
 important characters

00:22:40.139 --> 00:22:41.039
 coming on the scene

00:22:41.039 --> 00:22:42.019
 there of Westcott and Hort

00:22:42.019 --> 00:22:42.920
 had already gone on

00:22:42.920 --> 00:22:43.599
 to their reward,

00:22:43.960 --> 00:22:44.759
 which I don't think

00:22:44.759 --> 00:22:45.279
 was in heaven.

00:22:45.740 --> 00:22:46.279
 I don't think

00:22:46.279 --> 00:22:46.920
 they were born again,

00:22:47.000 --> 00:22:47.160
 man.

00:22:48.700 --> 00:22:49.500
 But in Germany,

00:22:49.500 --> 00:22:50.240
 there was a father

00:22:50.240 --> 00:22:51.180
 and son team

00:22:51.180 --> 00:22:52.299
 by the name of

00:22:52.299 --> 00:22:54.680
 Eberhard and Erwin Nessel.

00:22:55.480 --> 00:22:56.240
 I can't think of

00:22:56.240 --> 00:22:56.960
 Nessel's chocolate.

00:22:57.160 --> 00:22:57.980
 It's spelled that way.

00:22:58.019 --> 00:22:58.379
 I don't think it has

00:22:58.379 --> 00:22:58.980
 anything to do

00:22:58.980 --> 00:22:59.500
 with those guys.

00:22:59.879 --> 00:23:00.440
 But anyway,

00:23:00.599 --> 00:23:04.000
 Eberhard and Erwin Nessel.

00:23:04.960 --> 00:23:06.359
 And the father died,

00:23:06.440 --> 00:23:07.240
 but the younger man

00:23:07.240 --> 00:23:08.799
 continued to be

00:23:08.799 --> 00:23:09.819
 tinkering with the text.

00:23:09.819 --> 00:23:12.899
 And as a new fragment

00:23:12.899 --> 00:23:14.659
 of a manuscript

00:23:14.659 --> 00:23:15.599
 was found someplace

00:23:15.599 --> 00:23:18.059
 in Greece

00:23:18.059 --> 00:23:18.579
 or in Egypt

00:23:18.579 --> 00:23:19.200
 or someplace,

00:23:19.740 --> 00:23:21.500
 then he and another man

00:23:21.500 --> 00:23:22.179
 I'll mention in a moment

00:23:22.179 --> 00:23:23.720
 would integrate that,

00:23:24.119 --> 00:23:25.359
 incorporate that.

00:23:26.220 --> 00:23:26.759
 And so,

00:23:27.200 --> 00:23:28.460
 from then to now,

00:23:28.659 --> 00:23:29.819
 this critical text

00:23:29.819 --> 00:23:30.519
 keeps evolving.

00:23:31.619 --> 00:23:32.359
 I hold in my hand

00:23:32.359 --> 00:23:32.799
 here tonight

00:23:32.799 --> 00:23:34.619
 a Nessel Alon

00:23:34.619 --> 00:23:35.559
 Greek New Testament.

00:23:35.799 --> 00:23:36.599
 And the guy

00:23:36.599 --> 00:23:37.639
 he collaborated with

00:23:37.639 --> 00:23:38.000
 was a guy

00:23:38.000 --> 00:23:38.859
 by the name of

00:23:38.859 --> 00:23:39.539
 Kurt Alon.

00:23:39.579 --> 00:23:40.219
 I'll come back to him

00:23:40.219 --> 00:23:41.039
 in just a second here.

00:23:42.639 --> 00:23:43.839
 But the Nessel Alon text

00:23:43.839 --> 00:23:44.439
 today is in its

00:23:44.439 --> 00:23:45.439
 28th edition.

00:23:46.399 --> 00:23:47.379
 That means since

00:23:47.379 --> 00:23:49.299
 the 1920s

00:23:49.299 --> 00:23:49.839
 till now

00:23:49.839 --> 00:23:50.619
 it's gone through

00:23:50.619 --> 00:23:52.719
 28 changes.

00:23:52.859 --> 00:23:54.279
 In the modern sense

00:23:54.279 --> 00:23:54.979
 of editions,

00:23:55.939 --> 00:23:56.439
 there are

00:23:56.439 --> 00:23:57.759
 some of my books

00:23:57.759 --> 00:23:58.240
 in their second

00:23:58.240 --> 00:23:58.799
 or third edition.

00:23:58.879 --> 00:23:59.659
 That means we changed

00:23:59.659 --> 00:24:00.059
 something.

00:24:00.579 --> 00:24:01.399
 There was a mistake

00:24:01.399 --> 00:24:01.899
 in the book

00:24:01.899 --> 00:24:02.839
 or we added something.

00:24:03.240 --> 00:24:04.419
 So it's a little different

00:24:04.419 --> 00:24:05.159
 than it was before.

00:24:05.519 --> 00:24:06.679
 But the Nessel Alon text

00:24:06.679 --> 00:24:07.199
 today is in its

00:24:07.200 --> 00:24:07.819
 20th edition.

00:24:08.319 --> 00:24:09.059
 The text has been

00:24:09.059 --> 00:24:10.039
 changing about every

00:24:10.039 --> 00:24:11.340
 four or five years.

00:24:11.559 --> 00:24:12.360
 For a hundred years.

00:24:13.100 --> 00:24:13.940
 I thought the word of God

00:24:13.940 --> 00:24:14.779
 never changed, folks.

00:24:15.559 --> 00:24:16.740
 But in their world,

00:24:17.600 --> 00:24:19.180
 as they find a scrap here

00:24:19.180 --> 00:24:20.120
 and a fragment there

00:24:20.120 --> 00:24:20.640
 and they thought,

00:24:20.740 --> 00:24:21.480
 well, we probably

00:24:21.480 --> 00:24:22.240
 didn't get it right before,

00:24:22.559 --> 00:24:23.900
 they keep monkeying with it,

00:24:24.180 --> 00:24:24.840
 tinkering with it,

00:24:25.120 --> 00:24:25.720
 changing it.

00:24:25.720 --> 00:24:26.860
 And so,

00:24:27.539 --> 00:24:29.900
 in the years

00:24:29.900 --> 00:24:32.079
 before World War II,

00:24:33.279 --> 00:24:34.000
 Erwin Nessel

00:24:34.000 --> 00:24:35.160
 began collaborating

00:24:35.160 --> 00:24:36.360
 with a man

00:24:36.360 --> 00:24:36.799
 by the name

00:24:36.799 --> 00:24:37.559
 of Kurt Alland,

00:24:37.660 --> 00:24:38.620
 another German.

00:24:39.839 --> 00:24:40.539
 Kurt Alland

00:24:40.539 --> 00:24:42.620
 was on the ground floor

00:24:42.620 --> 00:24:43.380
 of what then

00:24:43.380 --> 00:24:43.920
 was called

00:24:43.920 --> 00:24:45.620
 the Neo-Orthodox Movement,

00:24:45.759 --> 00:24:46.380
 which is just

00:24:46.380 --> 00:24:47.279
 another flavor

00:24:47.279 --> 00:24:48.180
 of liberalism.

00:24:48.880 --> 00:24:49.740
 Neo-Orthodox,

00:24:49.819 --> 00:24:50.400
 it would use

00:24:50.400 --> 00:24:51.700
 orthodox terms,

00:24:51.779 --> 00:24:52.620
 that is correct terms,

00:24:52.759 --> 00:24:53.660
 but in part

00:24:53.660 --> 00:24:54.860
 a liberal meaning

00:24:54.860 --> 00:24:55.259
 to them.

00:24:56.720 --> 00:24:57.880
 And just a different

00:24:57.880 --> 00:24:59.420
 type of liberalism.

00:25:01.259 --> 00:25:01.880
 Kurt Alland

00:25:01.880 --> 00:25:02.819
 was married,

00:25:04.220 --> 00:25:05.480
 but he took up

00:25:05.480 --> 00:25:06.220
 with his secretary,

00:25:06.460 --> 00:25:07.200
 divorced his wife,

00:25:07.279 --> 00:25:08.180
 and married his secretary.

00:25:08.460 --> 00:25:09.059
 Nice guy.

00:25:11.140 --> 00:25:12.200
 And he and his

00:25:12.200 --> 00:25:12.860
 second wife,

00:25:13.019 --> 00:25:13.440
 Barbara,

00:25:14.200 --> 00:25:15.240
 continued along

00:25:15.240 --> 00:25:16.360
 with the Erwin Nessel

00:25:16.360 --> 00:25:17.400
 to work on their

00:25:17.400 --> 00:25:18.839
 Nessel-Alland

00:25:18.839 --> 00:25:20.579
 Greek New Testament.

00:25:21.860 --> 00:25:23.400
 After World War II,

00:25:23.400 --> 00:25:25.299
 and you recall

00:25:25.299 --> 00:25:26.200
 some of the history there,

00:25:26.680 --> 00:25:27.819
 he wound up

00:25:27.819 --> 00:25:29.319
 on the east side

00:25:29.319 --> 00:25:29.899
 of Germany,

00:25:30.839 --> 00:25:32.759
 which became known

00:25:32.759 --> 00:25:33.559
 as East Germany,

00:25:33.639 --> 00:25:34.359
 and you older folks

00:25:34.359 --> 00:25:34.720
 here tonight

00:25:34.720 --> 00:25:35.599
 will remember that.

00:25:36.559 --> 00:25:37.319
 East Germany,

00:25:37.460 --> 00:25:37.799
 I mean,

00:25:37.899 --> 00:25:38.700
 was not only

00:25:38.700 --> 00:25:39.539
 a communist nation,

00:25:39.619 --> 00:25:39.960
 of course,

00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:40.879
 it was a Soviet state,

00:25:41.000 --> 00:25:42.279
 a puppet satellite state,

00:25:42.279 --> 00:25:44.299
 but it was probably

00:25:44.299 --> 00:25:45.059
 the most communist

00:25:45.059 --> 00:25:45.799
 state in the world.

00:25:45.940 --> 00:25:46.059
 I mean,

00:25:46.119 --> 00:25:47.139
 East Germany was

00:25:47.139 --> 00:25:47.619
 the communist

00:25:47.619 --> 00:25:48.539
 of the communists.

00:25:50.319 --> 00:25:51.500
 And Kurt Alland

00:25:51.500 --> 00:25:53.039
 went to work

00:25:53.039 --> 00:25:55.119
 for the communists.

00:25:55.279 --> 00:25:55.799
 He's the guy

00:25:55.799 --> 00:25:56.339
 that's giving us

00:25:56.339 --> 00:25:57.500
 this modern Greek text

00:25:57.500 --> 00:25:58.220
 from which these

00:25:58.220 --> 00:25:59.480
 Bibles are coming from.

00:26:00.480 --> 00:26:01.619
 Taught in a communist

00:26:01.619 --> 00:26:03.259
 university there

00:26:03.259 --> 00:26:04.180
 in East Germany.

00:26:04.660 --> 00:26:06.099
 Later went to West Berlin,

00:26:06.279 --> 00:26:07.259
 escaped to West Berlin.

00:26:07.259 --> 00:26:09.879
 But from the 23rd edition

00:26:09.879 --> 00:26:11.940
 of the Nessel Alon text

00:26:11.940 --> 00:26:14.140
 came the New American

00:26:14.140 --> 00:26:15.000
 Standard Bible

00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:16.079
 in about 1863.

00:26:17.299 --> 00:26:18.339
 And when I was

00:26:18.339 --> 00:26:19.119
 in seminary

00:26:19.119 --> 00:26:20.500
 long ago,

00:26:21.119 --> 00:26:21.619
 that's back when

00:26:21.619 --> 00:26:22.099
 Abraham Lincoln

00:26:22.099 --> 00:26:22.579
 was president,

00:26:22.680 --> 00:26:23.059
 by the way.

00:26:24.700 --> 00:26:24.980
 Oh,

00:26:25.039 --> 00:26:25.920
 I said 1963,

00:26:26.099 --> 00:26:26.940
 not 1863.

00:26:27.940 --> 00:26:28.140
 But,

00:26:28.140 --> 00:26:30.880
 but we were told

00:26:30.880 --> 00:26:31.460
 in seminary,

00:26:31.600 --> 00:26:32.020
 you ought to get

00:26:32.020 --> 00:26:32.740
 the New American

00:26:32.740 --> 00:26:33.160
 Standard.

00:26:33.320 --> 00:26:33.860
 And I did.

00:26:33.920 --> 00:26:34.320
 I didn't know

00:26:34.320 --> 00:26:34.740
 any better.

00:26:35.600 --> 00:26:36.620
 I was taught

00:26:36.620 --> 00:26:37.360
 and trained

00:26:37.360 --> 00:26:39.100
 and schooled

00:26:39.100 --> 00:26:40.240
 in this philosophy

00:26:40.240 --> 00:26:41.140
 of the critical text.

00:26:41.780 --> 00:26:43.500
 And the general

00:26:43.500 --> 00:26:44.540
 philosophy was

00:26:44.540 --> 00:26:46.080
 a smorgasbord

00:26:46.080 --> 00:26:46.700
 of Bibles.

00:26:46.840 --> 00:26:47.160
 In other words,

00:26:47.400 --> 00:26:48.160
 you go to a buffet

00:26:48.160 --> 00:26:49.120
 restaurant or a smorgasbord.

00:26:49.160 --> 00:26:49.440
 They don't have

00:26:49.440 --> 00:26:50.320
 smorgasbord anymore,

00:26:50.420 --> 00:26:50.680
 do they?

00:26:51.500 --> 00:26:51.860
 I mean,

00:26:51.880 --> 00:26:52.560
 that's a Swedish name

00:26:52.560 --> 00:26:53.400
 for a buffet restaurant.

00:26:54.800 --> 00:26:55.580
 But you go to

00:26:55.580 --> 00:26:56.380
 a buffet restaurant

00:26:56.380 --> 00:26:56.740
 and you pick

00:26:56.740 --> 00:26:57.500
 and choose what you want.

00:26:57.500 --> 00:26:57.740
 Well,

00:26:57.900 --> 00:26:58.480
 back then,

00:26:58.519 --> 00:26:59.460
 and it still is true today,

00:26:59.900 --> 00:27:00.880
 probably even more so today,

00:27:00.920 --> 00:27:01.500
 you pick and choose

00:27:01.500 --> 00:27:02.400
 which Bible you want.

00:27:03.539 --> 00:27:04.359
 And they don't care

00:27:04.359 --> 00:27:05.079
 as long as it's based

00:27:05.079 --> 00:27:05.980
 on the critical text.

00:27:06.380 --> 00:27:06.519
 But,

00:27:06.619 --> 00:27:06.779
 oh,

00:27:06.779 --> 00:27:08.559
 don't pick anything

00:27:08.559 --> 00:27:08.960
 that's based

00:27:08.960 --> 00:27:10.059
 on the traditional text.

00:27:10.420 --> 00:27:10.900
 And so,

00:27:13.220 --> 00:27:13.819
 Kerdeland

00:27:13.819 --> 00:27:15.099
 migrated to the West

00:27:15.099 --> 00:27:17.299
 with his next wife.

00:27:17.559 --> 00:27:18.880
 And they continued

00:27:18.880 --> 00:27:19.799
 up,

00:27:19.960 --> 00:27:20.960
 he died

00:27:20.960 --> 00:27:24.299
 late in the 20th century.

00:27:24.579 --> 00:27:25.019
 It was before

00:27:25.019 --> 00:27:25.779
 the turn of the century.

00:27:25.900 --> 00:27:26.880
 I forget the exact date.

00:27:27.500 --> 00:27:27.720
 Now,

00:27:27.799 --> 00:27:28.579
 as a side note,

00:27:28.660 --> 00:27:29.539
 we've been focusing

00:27:29.539 --> 00:27:30.539
 almost exclusively

00:27:30.539 --> 00:27:31.440
 on the New Testament.

00:27:32.119 --> 00:27:33.619
 But there is also

00:27:33.619 --> 00:27:35.140
 a critical text

00:27:35.140 --> 00:27:36.319
 of the Old Testament.

00:27:37.279 --> 00:27:37.680
 Now,

00:27:37.779 --> 00:27:39.759
 the traditional text

00:27:39.759 --> 00:27:41.140
 of the Old Testament

00:27:41.140 --> 00:27:41.559
 from which

00:27:41.559 --> 00:27:42.839
 the King James Bible

00:27:42.839 --> 00:27:43.220
 is based

00:27:43.220 --> 00:27:43.559
 is called

00:27:43.559 --> 00:27:44.759
 the Ben-Kaim

00:27:44.759 --> 00:27:46.200
 Masoretic text.

00:27:46.799 --> 00:27:47.420
 The Masoretes

00:27:47.420 --> 00:27:49.019
 were scrupulously careful

00:27:49.019 --> 00:27:49.779
 in copying

00:27:49.779 --> 00:27:50.539
 the Hebrew text

00:27:50.539 --> 00:27:51.420
 to the point

00:27:51.420 --> 00:27:52.240
 if they made a mistake,

00:27:53.640 --> 00:27:54.619
 they would tear up the page,

00:27:54.900 --> 00:27:55.279
 throw it away,

00:27:55.279 --> 00:27:56.200
 and start all over again.

00:27:58.200 --> 00:27:58.899
 Masoret would be

00:27:58.899 --> 00:27:59.879
 M-A-S,

00:28:00.119 --> 00:28:00.639
 I'm not sure

00:28:00.639 --> 00:28:01.379
 if there's two S's,

00:28:01.559 --> 00:28:02.279
 I think there's two S's,

00:28:02.539 --> 00:28:05.119
 M-A-S-S-O-R-E-T-E.

00:28:06.339 --> 00:28:07.139
 Maybe there's one S.

00:28:08.139 --> 00:28:09.000
 I have to check here.

00:28:09.980 --> 00:28:10.539
 I don't see it

00:28:10.539 --> 00:28:10.940
 on my notes.

00:28:11.700 --> 00:28:12.539
 The Masoretic text

00:28:12.539 --> 00:28:13.500
 and the particular

00:28:13.500 --> 00:28:14.799
 was Ben-Kaim,

00:28:14.960 --> 00:28:15.879
 that was the Hebrew name.

00:28:16.920 --> 00:28:17.639
 The son of Kaim,

00:28:17.740 --> 00:28:18.240
 Ben in Hebrew

00:28:18.240 --> 00:28:19.200
 means a son,

00:28:19.319 --> 00:28:20.379
 the son of Kaim.

00:28:20.380 --> 00:28:21.980
 That's the traditional text.

00:28:22.520 --> 00:28:22.720
 Now,

00:28:23.040 --> 00:28:25.340
 there is a differing,

00:28:26.100 --> 00:28:27.020
 a slightly different,

00:28:27.080 --> 00:28:28.060
 it's not as egregious

00:28:28.060 --> 00:28:29.220
 as the New Testament problem,

00:28:29.300 --> 00:28:30.100
 but there's a differing

00:28:30.100 --> 00:28:31.120
 critical text

00:28:31.120 --> 00:28:31.760
 of the Old Testament

00:28:31.760 --> 00:28:33.120
 called the Ben-Asher

00:28:33.120 --> 00:28:34.320
 Masoretic text.

00:28:36.040 --> 00:28:37.360
 And it's based

00:28:37.360 --> 00:28:38.200
 on a manuscript

00:28:38.200 --> 00:28:39.260
 found in Russia

00:28:39.260 --> 00:28:39.840
 and it's called

00:28:39.840 --> 00:28:41.620
 the Leningrad Codex

00:28:41.620 --> 00:28:43.260
 or the Leningrad Manuscript.

00:28:43.980 --> 00:28:45.180
 And they give credence

00:28:45.180 --> 00:28:45.680
 to that because

00:28:45.680 --> 00:28:46.440
 it supposedly

00:28:46.440 --> 00:28:47.240
 is the oldest

00:28:47.240 --> 00:28:48.080
 Hebrew manuscript,

00:28:48.300 --> 00:28:48.400
 you know,

00:28:48.440 --> 00:28:49.480
 the oldest and best business.

00:28:50.380 --> 00:28:52.860
 And it was developed

00:28:52.860 --> 00:28:54.160
 in Germany again

00:28:54.160 --> 00:28:55.460
 by a man

00:28:55.460 --> 00:28:55.920
 by the name

00:28:55.920 --> 00:28:57.260
 of Rudolf Kittel,

00:28:58.060 --> 00:28:59.480
 K-I-T-T-E-L.

00:29:01.020 --> 00:29:01.960
 His father,

00:29:02.420 --> 00:29:03.780
 Gerhard Kittel,

00:29:03.860 --> 00:29:04.440
 was a Nazi

00:29:04.440 --> 00:29:06.680
 and was a part

00:29:06.680 --> 00:29:07.500
 of the Nazi party.

00:29:08.220 --> 00:29:08.600
 But anyway,

00:29:08.720 --> 00:29:09.260
 Rudolf Kittel

00:29:09.260 --> 00:29:10.160
 produced this new

00:29:10.160 --> 00:29:11.100
 Hebrew critical text.

00:29:11.380 --> 00:29:11.720
 Are you ready

00:29:11.720 --> 00:29:12.100
 for what I'm going

00:29:12.100 --> 00:29:12.380
 to tell you?

00:29:12.640 --> 00:29:13.220
 He called it

00:29:13.220 --> 00:29:14.380
 Biblia Hebraica

00:29:14.380 --> 00:29:15.420
 Stuttgartensia.

00:29:17.020 --> 00:29:18.120
 I know you're blessed

00:29:18.120 --> 00:29:18.940
 in hearing that.

00:29:18.940 --> 00:29:20.680
 But it just means

00:29:20.680 --> 00:29:21.660
 the Hebrew Bible

00:29:21.660 --> 00:29:22.279
 or Stuttgart.

00:29:23.220 --> 00:29:24.640
 That's where he worked

00:29:24.640 --> 00:29:25.019
 and lived

00:29:25.019 --> 00:29:25.880
 and did his work.

00:29:26.380 --> 00:29:27.240
 But that is the text

00:29:27.240 --> 00:29:28.779
 of almost all

00:29:28.779 --> 00:29:29.200
 the modern,

00:29:29.620 --> 00:29:30.200
 the Old Testament

00:29:30.200 --> 00:29:31.240
 texts of the modern Bibles.

00:29:32.080 --> 00:29:33.559
 And some of the things

00:29:33.559 --> 00:29:34.580
 notable about that

00:29:34.580 --> 00:29:36.120
 is that Goliath

00:29:36.120 --> 00:29:36.539
 has changed

00:29:36.539 --> 00:29:37.160
 to Elhanan.

00:29:38.240 --> 00:29:39.080
 Well, I thought Goliath

00:29:39.080 --> 00:29:40.140
 was killed by David.

00:29:40.779 --> 00:29:41.240
 But they talk

00:29:41.240 --> 00:29:41.960
 about Elhanan.

00:29:43.039 --> 00:29:43.759
 But what is

00:29:43.759 --> 00:29:45.340
 particularly egregious

00:29:45.340 --> 00:29:46.539
 is in Isaiah 53,

00:29:46.539 --> 00:29:48.019
 53, 8,

00:29:48.139 --> 00:29:50.159
 where it describes

00:29:50.159 --> 00:29:51.460
 the suffering Messiah,

00:29:52.039 --> 00:29:53.159
 they change the pronoun

00:29:53.159 --> 00:29:54.899
 so it's referring

00:29:54.899 --> 00:29:55.539
 to Israel

00:29:55.539 --> 00:29:57.000
 as being the

00:29:57.000 --> 00:29:58.039
 suffering servant,

00:29:58.539 --> 00:29:59.859
 which is significant.

00:30:00.079 --> 00:30:00.200
 I mean,

00:30:00.220 --> 00:30:00.819
 if you witness

00:30:00.819 --> 00:30:01.339
 to a Jew,

00:30:01.460 --> 00:30:01.619
 I mean,

00:30:01.659 --> 00:30:02.139
 you point out

00:30:02.139 --> 00:30:03.000
 how that here

00:30:03.000 --> 00:30:03.500
 they're talking

00:30:03.500 --> 00:30:04.200
 about the Messiah

00:30:04.200 --> 00:30:04.879
 and how he suffered.

00:30:05.480 --> 00:30:05.899
 And they say,

00:30:05.960 --> 00:30:06.279
 no, no, no,

00:30:06.279 --> 00:30:06.700
 that's talking

00:30:06.700 --> 00:30:07.119
 about Israel

00:30:07.119 --> 00:30:07.980
 and how it has suffered.

00:30:08.779 --> 00:30:10.039
 And so that's

00:30:10.039 --> 00:30:10.980
 a major problem

00:30:10.980 --> 00:30:11.779
 in Isaiah 53.

00:30:11.980 --> 00:30:12.399
 But anyway,

00:30:12.740 --> 00:30:14.079
 so that's the critical

00:30:14.079 --> 00:30:15.220
 text of the Old Testament.

00:30:15.220 --> 00:30:16.019
 But again,

00:30:16.220 --> 00:30:17.600
 as we've so far gone

00:30:17.600 --> 00:30:18.440
 and we're not done yet,

00:30:18.799 --> 00:30:20.039
 the critical text

00:30:20.039 --> 00:30:21.000
 is a listing

00:30:21.000 --> 00:30:22.059
 of rationalists,

00:30:22.600 --> 00:30:23.240
 in some cases

00:30:23.240 --> 00:30:23.860
 unbelievers.

00:30:23.960 --> 00:30:24.440
 We didn't talk

00:30:24.440 --> 00:30:25.299
 about Karl Lachman.

00:30:25.420 --> 00:30:25.860
 He was another

00:30:25.860 --> 00:30:28.960
 German guy

00:30:28.960 --> 00:30:30.019
 monkeying with the text

00:30:30.019 --> 00:30:31.620
 around the time

00:30:31.620 --> 00:30:32.420
 of Westcott and Hort.

00:30:32.839 --> 00:30:33.240
 German,

00:30:33.480 --> 00:30:34.620
 or Karl Lachman,

00:30:35.120 --> 00:30:35.920
 studied the Bible,

00:30:36.059 --> 00:30:36.819
 but he just believed

00:30:36.819 --> 00:30:37.440
 it to be another

00:30:37.440 --> 00:30:38.200
 old book,

00:30:39.640 --> 00:30:40.299
 like you'd study

00:30:40.299 --> 00:30:41.799
 Plato or Socrates

00:30:41.799 --> 00:30:42.819
 or something like that.

00:30:43.860 --> 00:30:44.259
 Again,

00:30:44.440 --> 00:30:45.000
 unbelief.

00:30:45.600 --> 00:30:46.059
 Unbelief.

00:30:46.440 --> 00:30:46.880
 Liberalism.

00:30:47.819 --> 00:30:48.380
 The occult.

00:30:48.660 --> 00:30:49.420
 But it continues.

00:30:50.839 --> 00:30:51.779
 Karl Lachman died

00:30:51.779 --> 00:30:53.240
 late in the 20th century.

00:30:54.339 --> 00:30:55.120
 But before he died,

00:30:55.180 --> 00:30:55.640
 he was involved

00:30:55.640 --> 00:30:56.400
 in some other things

00:30:56.400 --> 00:30:56.940
 which I'll tell you

00:30:56.940 --> 00:30:57.700
 about here momentarily.

00:30:58.140 --> 00:30:59.940
 Coming across the ocean

00:30:59.940 --> 00:31:01.400
 to America once again,

00:31:02.039 --> 00:31:03.240
 out on the east coast

00:31:03.240 --> 00:31:04.240
 was a man by the name

00:31:04.240 --> 00:31:05.759
 of Dr. Bruce Metzger.

00:31:06.960 --> 00:31:08.000
 Dr. Metzger

00:31:08.000 --> 00:31:10.279
 taught at Princeton

00:31:10.279 --> 00:31:11.380
 Theological Seminary,

00:31:11.480 --> 00:31:13.120
 which is in New Jersey,

00:31:13.119 --> 00:31:14.319
 basically just across

00:31:14.319 --> 00:31:15.379
 the river from Philadelphia.

00:31:16.579 --> 00:31:18.159
 But Princeton Theological Seminary,

00:31:18.279 --> 00:31:20.179
 which is a Presbyterian seminary,

00:31:20.819 --> 00:31:22.159
 but what's significant

00:31:22.159 --> 00:31:22.819
 about Princeton

00:31:22.819 --> 00:31:24.500
 is that it was

00:31:24.500 --> 00:31:25.659
 and is one of the most

00:31:25.659 --> 00:31:27.079
 liberal seminaries

00:31:27.079 --> 00:31:27.699
 in the world.

00:31:29.159 --> 00:31:30.279
 And he went from

00:31:30.279 --> 00:31:30.939
 being a professor

00:31:30.939 --> 00:31:31.479
 at Princeton

00:31:31.479 --> 00:31:32.839
 to the dean

00:31:32.839 --> 00:31:33.579
 at Princeton

00:31:33.579 --> 00:31:34.559
 and eventually

00:31:34.559 --> 00:31:35.259
 the president

00:31:35.259 --> 00:31:36.699
 at Princeton Seminary,

00:31:37.079 --> 00:31:38.119
 which is an adjunct

00:31:38.119 --> 00:31:39.179
 of Princeton University.

00:31:41.359 --> 00:31:42.079
 Bruce Metzger

00:31:42.079 --> 00:31:44.679
 was the managing editor

00:31:44.679 --> 00:31:45.659
 of the Reader's Digest

00:31:45.659 --> 00:31:47.119
 Condensed Bible.

00:31:48.119 --> 00:31:48.979
 Any of you remember that

00:31:48.979 --> 00:31:49.519
 back in about

00:31:49.519 --> 00:31:50.659
 1987?

00:31:51.419 --> 00:31:53.359
 And what Bruce Metzger did,

00:31:53.419 --> 00:31:54.559
 he was the managing editor,

00:31:54.839 --> 00:31:55.739
 the controlling editor.

00:31:56.079 --> 00:31:57.179
 He chopped out

00:31:57.179 --> 00:31:58.619
 40% of the Bible

00:31:58.619 --> 00:31:59.839
 and said it's irrelevant.

00:32:00.939 --> 00:32:02.079
 And so we had

00:32:02.079 --> 00:32:03.899
 the condensed Bible.

00:32:04.959 --> 00:32:06.319
 Doesn't Revelation 22

00:32:06.319 --> 00:32:07.359
 and verse 19

00:32:07.359 --> 00:32:08.220
 have something to say

00:32:08.220 --> 00:32:08.879
 about taking away

00:32:08.879 --> 00:32:09.339
 from the words

00:32:09.339 --> 00:32:09.899
 of this book?

00:32:10.759 --> 00:32:11.319
 Yes, it does.

00:32:12.139 --> 00:32:12.839
 But Metzger

00:32:12.839 --> 00:32:13.519
 chopped out

00:32:13.519 --> 00:32:14.759
 40% of the Bible

00:32:14.759 --> 00:32:16.259
 for the Reader Digest Company.

00:32:17.319 --> 00:32:17.619
 Well,

00:32:18.419 --> 00:32:21.319
 in the late 1950s

00:32:21.319 --> 00:32:22.500
 and early 1960,

00:32:23.240 --> 00:32:24.000
 Bruce Metzger,

00:32:24.399 --> 00:32:25.179
 Kurt Alland,

00:32:25.559 --> 00:32:26.099
 Cardinal,

00:32:26.200 --> 00:32:27.839
 as in Catholic Cardinal Martini,

00:32:28.519 --> 00:32:28.980
 another man

00:32:28.980 --> 00:32:29.559
 by the name of

00:32:29.559 --> 00:32:30.299
 Alan Wickren

00:32:30.299 --> 00:32:31.480
 and Matthew Black,

00:32:31.559 --> 00:32:32.359
 these five men,

00:32:32.799 --> 00:32:34.439
 formed a textual committee

00:32:34.439 --> 00:32:36.299
 of the United Bible Society

00:32:36.319 --> 00:32:36.819
 Now,

00:32:36.859 --> 00:32:37.579
 you hear the word

00:32:37.579 --> 00:32:38.679
 United Bible Society,

00:32:38.799 --> 00:32:38.960
 you think,

00:32:39.039 --> 00:32:39.119
 boy,

00:32:39.179 --> 00:32:40.059
 that must be something good.

00:32:40.099 --> 00:32:40.939
 It's a Bible Society.

00:32:41.460 --> 00:32:41.579
 Well,

00:32:41.599 --> 00:32:41.759
 folks,

00:32:41.839 --> 00:32:42.599
 it was liberal

00:32:42.599 --> 00:32:43.599
 from the beginning,

00:32:44.279 --> 00:32:45.279
 from day one.

00:32:45.779 --> 00:32:47.179
 And they produced

00:32:47.179 --> 00:32:48.720
 what came to be known

00:32:48.720 --> 00:32:50.500
 as the United Bible Society

00:32:50.500 --> 00:32:51.359
 Greek Text,

00:32:51.759 --> 00:32:53.419
 or abbreviated UBS.

00:32:54.079 --> 00:32:55.799
 And from the UBS,

00:32:55.980 --> 00:32:57.240
 about third edition,

00:32:57.879 --> 00:32:59.279
 comes the NIV.

00:32:59.639 --> 00:32:59.879
 Now,

00:33:00.059 --> 00:33:02.279
 the United Bible Society text

00:33:02.279 --> 00:33:04.039
 and the Nessel Alon text

00:33:04.039 --> 00:33:04.819
 are kissing cousins.

00:33:04.819 --> 00:33:06.220
 It's almost no difference.

00:33:06.879 --> 00:33:07.279
 Very,

00:33:07.500 --> 00:33:08.220
 very similar,

00:33:08.319 --> 00:33:09.139
 but they're different flavors

00:33:09.139 --> 00:33:10.539
 and published

00:33:10.539 --> 00:33:11.700
 by different parties.

00:33:12.439 --> 00:33:13.879
 And I sometimes say this

00:33:13.879 --> 00:33:14.500
 because I'm an author

00:33:14.500 --> 00:33:15.379
 and a publisher.

00:33:15.879 --> 00:33:16.139
 Folks,

00:33:16.559 --> 00:33:17.279
 being an author

00:33:17.279 --> 00:33:17.859
 is literary.

00:33:18.439 --> 00:33:19.079
 Being a publisher

00:33:19.079 --> 00:33:19.700
 is business.

00:33:21.099 --> 00:33:22.139
 And business means

00:33:22.139 --> 00:33:23.039
 dollars and cents.

00:33:24.639 --> 00:33:24.859
 I mean,

00:33:24.939 --> 00:33:26.740
 you're signing contracts

00:33:26.740 --> 00:33:28.720
 and hiring printing companies

00:33:28.720 --> 00:33:30.059
 and you're hiring advertising

00:33:30.059 --> 00:33:31.019
 and you're selling it.

00:33:32.099 --> 00:33:33.139
 I think the reason

00:33:33.139 --> 00:33:35.619
 between the Nessel Alon

00:33:35.619 --> 00:33:36.220
 and the UBS

00:33:36.220 --> 00:33:38.500
 was money.

00:33:40.039 --> 00:33:41.399
 And that's the rationale

00:33:41.399 --> 00:33:42.659
 behind many of the

00:33:42.659 --> 00:33:43.500
 modern translations.

00:33:44.399 --> 00:33:45.059
 That's crass,

00:33:45.200 --> 00:33:46.500
 but that's just the bottom line.

00:33:46.579 --> 00:33:47.259
 As they often say,

00:33:47.339 --> 00:33:47.899
 follow the money.

00:33:50.099 --> 00:33:50.579
 And so,

00:33:50.940 --> 00:33:51.679
 today,

00:33:52.720 --> 00:33:54.619
 the United Bible Society text,

00:33:54.619 --> 00:33:55.299
 the UBS,

00:33:56.739 --> 00:33:58.419
 and the Nessel Alon text

00:33:58.419 --> 00:34:01.139
 are the twin kissing cousins,

00:34:01.299 --> 00:34:02.019
 almost identical.

00:34:02.699 --> 00:34:04.919
 But the basic starting point

00:34:04.919 --> 00:34:05.619
 in all of this

00:34:05.619 --> 00:34:06.559
 was Westcott and Hort.

00:34:06.839 --> 00:34:08.960
 And it's not deviated much.

00:34:09.599 --> 00:34:10.699
 Whereas Westcott and Hort

00:34:10.699 --> 00:34:11.679
 was about 100%

00:34:11.679 --> 00:34:13.299
 Sinaiticus and Vaticanus,

00:34:13.679 --> 00:34:14.079
 today,

00:34:14.199 --> 00:34:15.299
 it's about 98%

00:34:15.299 --> 00:34:16.599
 Sinaiticus and Vaticanus,

00:34:16.659 --> 00:34:17.539
 with the other 2%,

00:34:17.539 --> 00:34:17.940
 like I say,

00:34:17.980 --> 00:34:18.619
 of little fragments

00:34:18.619 --> 00:34:19.339
 that have been found

00:34:19.340 --> 00:34:20.220
 here and there

00:34:20.220 --> 00:34:21.019
 along the way.

00:34:23.320 --> 00:34:23.840
 And so,

00:34:24.380 --> 00:34:26.220
 these gentlemen

00:34:26.220 --> 00:34:27.320
 have all gone on

00:34:27.320 --> 00:34:27.960
 to their reward.

00:34:29.079 --> 00:34:30.059
 And to be honest with you,

00:34:30.100 --> 00:34:31.079
 I don't think any of them

00:34:31.079 --> 00:34:31.780
 were born again.

00:34:32.079 --> 00:34:32.720
 Whether it's dealing

00:34:32.720 --> 00:34:33.300
 in the occult

00:34:33.300 --> 00:34:34.440
 or being a radical liberal

00:34:34.440 --> 00:34:36.079
 or divorcing your wife

00:34:36.079 --> 00:34:36.980
 to marry your secretary,

00:34:37.760 --> 00:34:38.440
 and I mean,

00:34:38.579 --> 00:34:40.140
 there's just a litany

00:34:40.140 --> 00:34:42.440
 of ungodliness.

00:34:42.860 --> 00:34:43.539
 And folks will say,

00:34:43.620 --> 00:34:44.460
 well, you know,

00:34:44.600 --> 00:34:45.460
 when you go to the dentist,

00:34:45.720 --> 00:34:46.380
 you don't much care

00:34:46.380 --> 00:34:47.780
 about the dentist

00:34:47.780 --> 00:34:50.000
 personal life.

00:34:50.440 --> 00:34:51.180
 Well, maybe.

00:34:51.580 --> 00:34:51.780
 I mean,

00:34:51.800 --> 00:34:52.519
 if I knew my dentist

00:34:52.519 --> 00:34:53.019
 was involved

00:34:53.019 --> 00:34:53.640
 in all that stuff,

00:34:53.720 --> 00:34:54.680
 I'd probably change.

00:34:55.380 --> 00:34:55.720
 But folks,

00:34:55.780 --> 00:34:56.519
 when it comes to

00:34:56.519 --> 00:34:58.320
 the production,

00:34:59.000 --> 00:34:59.660
 the printing

00:34:59.660 --> 00:35:00.280
 and the publishing

00:35:00.280 --> 00:35:00.840
 of the Word of God,

00:35:00.960 --> 00:35:02.380
 that does mean something.

00:35:04.500 --> 00:35:05.420
 And my Bible says,

00:35:05.720 --> 00:35:06.660
 come out from among them

00:35:06.660 --> 00:35:07.560
 and be ye separate.

00:35:08.580 --> 00:35:10.000
 Touch not the unclean thing.

00:35:10.519 --> 00:35:10.800
 Now,

00:35:11.800 --> 00:35:12.860
 they have all

00:35:12.860 --> 00:35:13.860
 departed the scene.

00:35:14.820 --> 00:35:16.180
 But there's another man

00:35:16.180 --> 00:35:17.400
 in America today

00:35:17.400 --> 00:35:18.200
 who's continuing

00:35:18.200 --> 00:35:20.860
 to monkey with the text,

00:35:21.519 --> 00:35:23.480
 tinker with the critical text.

00:35:23.900 --> 00:35:25.500
 His name is Bart Ehrman.

00:35:26.780 --> 00:35:28.380
 He is the leading textual critic

00:35:28.380 --> 00:35:29.160
 in the world today.

00:35:29.700 --> 00:35:30.240
 And let me tell you

00:35:30.240 --> 00:35:30.800
 a little bit about

00:35:30.800 --> 00:35:31.940
 his lineage

00:35:31.940 --> 00:35:32.960
 and his legacy.

00:35:33.800 --> 00:35:35.860
 He began his educational career

00:35:35.860 --> 00:35:37.680
 back at the old

00:35:37.680 --> 00:35:38.700
 Moody Bible Institute

00:35:38.700 --> 00:35:39.320
 in Chicago

00:35:39.320 --> 00:35:41.260
 when Moody Bible Institute

00:35:41.260 --> 00:35:41.940
 called itself

00:35:41.940 --> 00:35:43.220
 a fundamentalist institution.

00:35:43.840 --> 00:35:44.880
 They don't today,

00:35:44.980 --> 00:35:45.440
 unfortunately.

00:35:45.440 --> 00:35:47.440
 But he began

00:35:47.440 --> 00:35:48.380
 as a fundamentalist.

00:35:49.119 --> 00:35:49.940
 And then he went

00:35:49.940 --> 00:35:50.860
 to Wheaton College,

00:35:50.980 --> 00:35:51.700
 which is a suburb

00:35:51.700 --> 00:35:52.840
 on the western suburbs

00:35:52.840 --> 00:35:53.400
 of Chicago.

00:35:54.059 --> 00:35:55.039
 And Wheaton College,

00:35:55.380 --> 00:35:55.860
 oh my,

00:35:55.940 --> 00:35:56.880
 for the last hundred years,

00:35:57.360 --> 00:35:58.740
 has been an evangelical,

00:35:59.000 --> 00:35:59.760
 that is a new

00:35:59.760 --> 00:36:00.860
 evangelical college.

00:36:02.340 --> 00:36:02.820
 Evangelicalism

00:36:02.820 --> 00:36:04.000
 or new evangelicalism

00:36:04.000 --> 00:36:05.559
 is a step

00:36:05.559 --> 00:36:06.420
 between being fundamental

00:36:06.420 --> 00:36:06.860
 and liberal.

00:36:07.019 --> 00:36:07.720
 It's moving

00:36:07.720 --> 00:36:09.039
 in the leftward direction.

00:36:09.940 --> 00:36:10.420
 And so,

00:36:10.559 --> 00:36:11.579
 Bart Ehrman went to Wheaton

00:36:11.579 --> 00:36:12.139
 and he came out

00:36:12.139 --> 00:36:13.119
 of there as a new evangelical.

00:36:15.259 --> 00:36:16.579
 Got his master's degree.

00:36:17.480 --> 00:36:19.259
 But then he decided

00:36:19.259 --> 00:36:20.480
 that he was going to go

00:36:20.480 --> 00:36:21.819
 and get his PhD.

00:36:22.539 --> 00:36:23.539
 And so he enrolled

00:36:23.539 --> 00:36:25.259
 at Princeton Theological Seminary

00:36:25.259 --> 00:36:26.019
 and sat at the feet

00:36:26.019 --> 00:36:27.319
 of Bruce Metzger.

00:36:28.840 --> 00:36:29.799
 And he became

00:36:29.799 --> 00:36:30.940
 a liberal.

00:36:32.759 --> 00:36:33.159
 Today,

00:36:33.880 --> 00:36:34.799
 Bruce Metzger

00:36:34.800 --> 00:36:37.340
 is an agnostic.

00:36:39.460 --> 00:36:40.420
 An agnostic.

00:36:41.700 --> 00:36:42.560
 He said that

00:36:42.560 --> 00:36:44.600
 if God inspired

00:36:44.600 --> 00:36:45.060
 the Bible,

00:36:45.680 --> 00:36:46.680
 then he also

00:36:46.680 --> 00:36:47.680
 would have preserved it.

00:36:48.100 --> 00:36:49.140
 But since he did not

00:36:49.140 --> 00:36:49.740
 preserve it,

00:36:50.240 --> 00:36:51.660
 he did not inspire it either.

00:36:51.980 --> 00:36:52.180
 Folks,

00:36:52.240 --> 00:36:52.760
 that's heresy.

00:36:54.340 --> 00:36:55.080
 He's on record

00:36:55.080 --> 00:36:55.780
 in one of his books

00:36:55.780 --> 00:36:56.440
 as saying that

00:36:56.440 --> 00:36:57.460
 this God,

00:36:58.140 --> 00:36:59.300
 if he exists,

00:37:00.680 --> 00:37:01.360
 cannot be

00:37:01.360 --> 00:37:02.240
 Jesus Christ

00:37:02.240 --> 00:37:03.880
 or the God

00:37:03.880 --> 00:37:04.320
 of the Bible.

00:37:05.539 --> 00:37:05.700
 Well,

00:37:05.740 --> 00:37:06.620
 that's blasphemy.

00:37:07.640 --> 00:37:08.300
 But that's

00:37:08.300 --> 00:37:09.420
 where the logic

00:37:09.420 --> 00:37:10.539
 of the critical text leads.

00:37:10.700 --> 00:37:11.480
 If scripture

00:37:11.480 --> 00:37:14.140
 is not inspired,

00:37:14.260 --> 00:37:15.200
 then it hasn't been preserved

00:37:15.200 --> 00:37:16.120
 and we really

00:37:16.120 --> 00:37:17.060
 don't have an anchor.

00:37:18.320 --> 00:37:18.600
 Folks,

00:37:18.680 --> 00:37:19.280
 I have an anchor.

00:37:20.440 --> 00:37:21.420
 That's right there.

00:37:22.240 --> 00:37:23.300
 It never changes.

00:37:23.960 --> 00:37:24.960
 It's the word of God.

00:37:26.840 --> 00:37:28.600
 I do not believe

00:37:28.600 --> 00:37:29.280
 that God

00:37:29.280 --> 00:37:30.580
 preserved his word

00:37:30.580 --> 00:37:31.980
 through the prophets

00:37:31.980 --> 00:37:32.480
 of Baal.

00:37:32.760 --> 00:37:33.380
 But what we've

00:37:33.380 --> 00:37:35.640
 tracked here tonight

00:37:35.640 --> 00:37:36.380
 is essentially

00:37:36.380 --> 00:37:37.400
 the prophets of Baal.

00:37:38.119 --> 00:37:38.340
 I mean,

00:37:38.460 --> 00:37:39.260
 Gnosticism

00:37:39.260 --> 00:37:40.160
 being at the roots

00:37:40.160 --> 00:37:41.099
 of Vaticanus

00:37:41.099 --> 00:37:41.559
 and Atticus,

00:37:41.660 --> 00:37:42.900
 the two major manuscripts.

00:37:44.039 --> 00:37:45.720
 German rationalism,

00:37:46.720 --> 00:37:47.900
 which is basically

00:37:47.900 --> 00:37:48.660
 liberalism.

00:37:49.539 --> 00:37:50.300
 Westcott and Hort,

00:37:50.400 --> 00:37:50.599
 who,

00:37:50.680 --> 00:37:51.260
 by the way,

00:37:51.360 --> 00:37:52.000
 forgot to mention,

00:37:52.400 --> 00:37:53.140
 they were part

00:37:53.140 --> 00:37:55.140
 of the broad church party

00:37:55.140 --> 00:37:55.960
 of the Church of England.

00:37:56.059 --> 00:37:56.180
 Now,

00:37:56.240 --> 00:37:56.380
 you say,

00:37:56.420 --> 00:37:57.480
 what's the broad church party?

00:37:58.079 --> 00:37:59.079
 In the Church of England

00:37:59.079 --> 00:38:00.599
 hundred and some years ago,

00:38:00.699 --> 00:38:01.139
 and by the way,

00:38:01.340 --> 00:38:01.840
 Church of England

00:38:01.840 --> 00:38:02.519
 was much different

00:38:02.519 --> 00:38:03.860
 in the 19th century

00:38:03.860 --> 00:38:04.360
 than it was

00:38:04.360 --> 00:38:05.539
 around 1600

00:38:05.539 --> 00:38:06.340
 when King James

00:38:06.340 --> 00:38:06.900
 came on the scene.

00:38:07.019 --> 00:38:07.460
 We'll get into that

00:38:07.460 --> 00:38:07.920
 tomorrow night.

00:38:08.559 --> 00:38:10.139
 But the broad church party

00:38:10.139 --> 00:38:11.059
 was a segment

00:38:11.059 --> 00:38:12.319
 of the Church of England

00:38:12.319 --> 00:38:13.039
 which people could

00:38:13.039 --> 00:38:14.360
 voluntarily associate with.

00:38:15.360 --> 00:38:17.259
 It was radically liberal,

00:38:18.360 --> 00:38:19.819
 denying the inspiration

00:38:19.819 --> 00:38:20.259
 of scripture,

00:38:20.420 --> 00:38:22.119
 denying a literal creation,

00:38:22.639 --> 00:38:23.699
 denying the miracles,

00:38:23.920 --> 00:38:25.699
 denying the deity of Christ,

00:38:25.940 --> 00:38:27.179
 denying the physical

00:38:27.179 --> 00:38:28.639
 resurrection of Jesus Christ,

00:38:28.980 --> 00:38:30.119
 denying a literal hell.

00:38:30.219 --> 00:38:30.319
 I mean,

00:38:30.339 --> 00:38:31.059
 that's liberalism.

00:38:33.059 --> 00:38:34.379
 National Council of Churches

00:38:34.379 --> 00:38:35.779
 today on Easter say,

00:38:35.879 --> 00:38:35.980
 well,

00:38:36.079 --> 00:38:36.239
 you know,

00:38:36.299 --> 00:38:37.339
 Jesus didn't really arise

00:38:37.339 --> 00:38:37.859
 physically,

00:38:37.980 --> 00:38:38.819
 he arose spiritually.

00:38:39.719 --> 00:38:39.839
 Well,

00:38:39.859 --> 00:38:41.039
 that's unscriptural.

00:38:41.379 --> 00:38:42.019
 But that was

00:38:42.019 --> 00:38:42.799
 the broad church party

00:38:42.799 --> 00:38:44.119
 and that is where

00:38:44.119 --> 00:38:45.059
 Westcott and Hort

00:38:45.059 --> 00:38:47.199
 voluntarily joined.

00:38:48.000 --> 00:38:48.359
 And so,

00:38:48.500 --> 00:38:50.059
 there's been Gnosticism

00:38:50.059 --> 00:38:51.899
 and German rationalism

00:38:51.899 --> 00:38:53.519
 and liberalism

00:38:53.519 --> 00:38:54.619
 and the occult

00:38:54.619 --> 00:38:55.839
 and you get down

00:38:55.839 --> 00:38:56.679
 to Bart Ehrman

00:38:56.679 --> 00:38:57.659
 even an agnostic.

00:38:58.699 --> 00:38:59.659
 What a litany.

00:39:01.339 --> 00:39:02.219
 I want nothing

00:39:02.219 --> 00:39:02.839
 to do with that.

00:39:03.119 --> 00:39:03.759
 And that's just

00:39:03.759 --> 00:39:04.359
 the external.

00:39:04.940 --> 00:39:05.799
 We saw a little bit

00:39:05.799 --> 00:39:06.299
 of the internal.

00:39:06.440 --> 00:39:06.659
 We're going to see

00:39:06.659 --> 00:39:07.239
 just a bit more

00:39:07.239 --> 00:39:08.000
 in just a second.

00:39:08.239 --> 00:39:08.960
 But I believe

00:39:08.960 --> 00:39:10.219
 that the traditional

00:39:10.219 --> 00:39:11.619
 received text

00:39:11.619 --> 00:39:12.799
 is the preserved

00:39:12.799 --> 00:39:13.559
 Word of God.

00:39:13.759 --> 00:39:13.899
 Now,

00:39:13.940 --> 00:39:14.739
 you can't read Greek,

00:39:15.059 --> 00:39:15.940
 but God has seen to it

00:39:15.940 --> 00:39:17.159
 in our language

00:39:17.159 --> 00:39:17.919
 that he's given to us

00:39:17.919 --> 00:39:18.359
 in English.

00:39:19.619 --> 00:39:21.460
 And the English

00:39:21.460 --> 00:39:22.839
 translation has begun

00:39:22.839 --> 00:39:24.639
 in about 1516

00:39:24.639 --> 00:39:25.579
 through William Tyndale.

00:39:25.579 --> 00:39:25.960
 We're going to go

00:39:25.960 --> 00:39:26.239
 into this,

00:39:26.279 --> 00:39:26.519
 by the way,

00:39:26.559 --> 00:39:27.019
 much detail

00:39:27.019 --> 00:39:27.519
 tomorrow night.

00:39:28.000 --> 00:39:28.519
 But it went

00:39:28.519 --> 00:39:30.579
 through about 80 years

00:39:30.579 --> 00:39:31.059
 and we talked

00:39:31.059 --> 00:39:31.519
 about seven

00:39:31.519 --> 00:39:32.259
 different translations

00:39:32.259 --> 00:39:32.920
 last night.

00:39:34.259 --> 00:39:35.539
 And here is

00:39:35.539 --> 00:39:36.739
 the purified

00:39:36.739 --> 00:39:39.039
 final English

00:39:39.039 --> 00:39:39.759
 translation.

00:39:39.760 --> 00:39:42.360
 Now,

00:39:42.560 --> 00:39:43.180
 someone will say

00:39:43.180 --> 00:39:43.520
 to me,

00:39:43.560 --> 00:39:44.300
 and often ask

00:39:44.300 --> 00:39:44.780
 if we have a

00:39:44.780 --> 00:39:45.260
 question and answer

00:39:45.260 --> 00:39:45.600
 time,

00:39:46.060 --> 00:39:46.580
 Brother Sorensen,

00:39:46.700 --> 00:39:47.320
 what about the

00:39:47.320 --> 00:39:48.800
 New King James Version?

00:39:49.740 --> 00:39:50.820
 The NKJV.

00:39:51.680 --> 00:39:53.200
 It purports

00:39:53.200 --> 00:39:54.180
 to be based

00:39:54.180 --> 00:39:55.400
 on the received

00:39:55.400 --> 00:39:55.840
 text,

00:39:55.960 --> 00:39:56.440
 the traditional

00:39:56.440 --> 00:39:56.960
 text.

00:39:58.260 --> 00:39:59.600
 And they did

00:39:59.600 --> 00:40:00.580
 begin there.

00:40:00.980 --> 00:40:01.840
 But if you

00:40:01.840 --> 00:40:03.060
 go pick up

00:40:03.060 --> 00:40:04.180
 a New King James,

00:40:04.240 --> 00:40:04.740
 I think there's

00:40:04.740 --> 00:40:05.320
 one on the stack

00:40:05.320 --> 00:40:05.560
 here.

00:40:05.559 --> 00:40:07.460
 But if you

00:40:07.460 --> 00:40:08.059
 go and pick up

00:40:08.059 --> 00:40:08.900
 a New King James

00:40:08.900 --> 00:40:09.259
 Bible,

00:40:09.659 --> 00:40:10.400
 I'm not talking

00:40:10.400 --> 00:40:11.579
 about the economy

00:40:11.579 --> 00:40:12.380
 models you'll find

00:40:12.380 --> 00:40:13.219
 in a hotel desk

00:40:13.219 --> 00:40:14.460
 drawer or bed

00:40:14.460 --> 00:40:15.019
 stand drawer.

00:40:16.279 --> 00:40:16.840
 But if you buy

00:40:16.840 --> 00:40:17.539
 a little better

00:40:17.539 --> 00:40:19.539
 quality New

00:40:19.539 --> 00:40:20.059
 King James,

00:40:20.139 --> 00:40:20.619
 which has

00:40:20.619 --> 00:40:21.539
 marginal notes

00:40:21.539 --> 00:40:22.039
 and most of

00:40:22.039 --> 00:40:22.360
 the later,

00:40:22.460 --> 00:40:23.239
 the better versions

00:40:23.239 --> 00:40:24.219
 or better editions

00:40:24.219 --> 00:40:24.539
 do,

00:40:25.239 --> 00:40:25.880
 marginal notes

00:40:25.880 --> 00:40:26.539
 and footnotes,

00:40:26.920 --> 00:40:27.519
 you'll notice

00:40:27.519 --> 00:40:28.799
 that there are

00:40:28.799 --> 00:40:30.079
 numerous places

00:40:30.079 --> 00:40:30.779
 in the New Testament

00:40:30.779 --> 00:40:31.199
 where there'll be

00:40:31.199 --> 00:40:32.400
 a citation

00:40:32.400 --> 00:40:33.679
 footnote out

00:40:33.679 --> 00:40:34.139
 in the margin

00:40:34.139 --> 00:40:35.079
 that says NU.

00:40:36.960 --> 00:40:37.440
 NU,

00:40:37.579 --> 00:40:37.900
 NU,

00:40:38.019 --> 00:40:38.319
 NU,

00:40:38.400 --> 00:40:38.639
 NU.

00:40:38.699 --> 00:40:39.139
 It's all over

00:40:39.139 --> 00:40:40.199
 peppered.

00:40:40.379 --> 00:40:40.500
 Say,

00:40:40.559 --> 00:40:40.799
 what in the

00:40:40.799 --> 00:40:41.319
 world is NU?

00:40:42.799 --> 00:40:43.199
 Well,

00:40:43.659 --> 00:40:44.299
 do you recall

00:40:44.299 --> 00:40:46.679
 that we talked

00:40:46.679 --> 00:40:47.039
 about the

00:40:47.039 --> 00:40:47.920
 Nessel-Alon

00:40:47.920 --> 00:40:48.400
 text?

00:40:49.460 --> 00:40:50.219
 Take the first

00:40:50.219 --> 00:40:50.699
 letter N.

00:40:51.819 --> 00:40:52.460
 Talked about

00:40:52.460 --> 00:40:53.599
 the UBS text,

00:40:53.839 --> 00:40:54.259
 United Bible

00:40:54.259 --> 00:40:54.980
 Society text.

00:40:55.099 --> 00:40:56.000
 Take the first

00:40:56.000 --> 00:40:56.639
 letter U,

00:40:57.339 --> 00:40:57.799
 NU.

00:40:57.920 --> 00:40:58.420
 It's an

00:40:58.420 --> 00:40:59.400
 abbreviation for

00:40:59.400 --> 00:40:59.759
 the critical

00:40:59.759 --> 00:41:00.179
 text.

00:41:01.319 --> 00:41:01.799
 And the

00:41:01.799 --> 00:41:02.460
 New King

00:41:02.460 --> 00:41:03.859
 James editors

00:41:03.860 --> 00:41:05.079
 reference you

00:41:05.079 --> 00:41:06.340
 to be the

00:41:06.340 --> 00:41:07.380
 reader to

00:41:07.380 --> 00:41:07.760
 the critical

00:41:07.760 --> 00:41:08.640
 text over

00:41:08.640 --> 00:41:09.360
 and over

00:41:09.360 --> 00:41:09.860
 and over

00:41:09.860 --> 00:41:10.160
 again.

00:41:11.900 --> 00:41:12.220
 And in

00:41:12.220 --> 00:41:12.780
 my view,

00:41:13.579 --> 00:41:13.880
 the New

00:41:13.880 --> 00:41:14.500
 King James

00:41:14.500 --> 00:41:14.840
 is a

00:41:14.840 --> 00:41:15.240
 compromised

00:41:15.240 --> 00:41:15.920
 Bible.

00:41:17.220 --> 00:41:17.800
 It's an

00:41:17.800 --> 00:41:18.280
 adulterated

00:41:18.280 --> 00:41:18.620
 Bible.

00:41:19.000 --> 00:41:19.400
 And folks,

00:41:19.480 --> 00:41:19.680
 well,

00:41:19.740 --> 00:41:20.019
 it's a little

00:41:20.019 --> 00:41:20.559
 easier to read.

00:41:20.620 --> 00:41:20.760
 Folks,

00:41:21.099 --> 00:41:22.380
 why compromise

00:41:22.380 --> 00:41:22.860
 when you can

00:41:22.860 --> 00:41:23.140
 have the

00:41:23.140 --> 00:41:23.539
 truth and

00:41:23.539 --> 00:41:23.860
 pure word

00:41:23.860 --> 00:41:24.280
 of God

00:41:24.280 --> 00:41:26.079
 instead of

00:41:26.079 --> 00:41:26.500
 something that's

00:41:26.500 --> 00:41:26.960
 been watered

00:41:26.960 --> 00:41:27.539
 down and

00:41:27.539 --> 00:41:28.420
 adulterated by

00:41:28.420 --> 00:41:30.880
 many cross-referencing

00:41:30.880 --> 00:41:31.700
 and I believe in

00:41:31.699 --> 00:41:32.239
 some cases

00:41:32.239 --> 00:41:33.039
 actually

00:41:33.039 --> 00:41:33.799
 translating from

00:41:33.799 --> 00:41:34.179
 the critical

00:41:34.179 --> 00:41:34.779
 text at

00:41:34.779 --> 00:41:35.559
 various points.

00:41:37.239 --> 00:41:37.899
 I'll stick

00:41:37.899 --> 00:41:38.199
 with my

00:41:38.199 --> 00:41:38.599
 King James

00:41:38.599 --> 00:41:38.899
 Bible.

00:41:40.099 --> 00:41:40.539
 Now,

00:41:40.759 --> 00:41:41.480
 I want to do

00:41:41.480 --> 00:41:41.960
 something here

00:41:41.960 --> 00:41:42.379
 tonight and

00:41:42.379 --> 00:41:42.759
 it'll be a

00:41:42.759 --> 00:41:43.099
 little different

00:41:43.099 --> 00:41:43.460
 than what we

00:41:43.460 --> 00:41:43.919
 did last

00:41:43.919 --> 00:41:44.179
 night,

00:41:44.359 --> 00:41:45.039
 but I'd like

00:41:45.039 --> 00:41:45.980
 for seven

00:41:45.980 --> 00:41:47.019
 volunteers to

00:41:47.019 --> 00:41:47.319
 come up with

00:41:47.319 --> 00:41:47.679
 the pulpit.

00:41:48.199 --> 00:41:49.319
 And it won't

00:41:49.319 --> 00:41:49.879
 be a trick like

00:41:49.879 --> 00:41:50.299
 it was last

00:41:50.299 --> 00:41:50.559
 night.

00:41:52.399 --> 00:41:52.759
 I need to

00:41:52.759 --> 00:41:53.199
 really,

00:41:53.319 --> 00:41:53.500
 seriously,

00:41:53.599 --> 00:41:54.019
 I'd like seven

00:41:54.019 --> 00:41:54.419
 guys to come

00:41:54.419 --> 00:41:54.719
 up here right

00:41:54.719 --> 00:41:54.960
 now.

00:41:56.480 --> 00:41:57.199
 There's one,

00:41:57.919 --> 00:41:58.919
 there's two,

00:41:59.599 --> 00:42:00.019
 there's three,

00:42:00.079 --> 00:42:00.399
 four,

00:42:00.400 --> 00:42:01.400
 five,

00:42:05.760 --> 00:42:06.139
 or is that

00:42:06.139 --> 00:42:06.480
 six?

00:42:07.660 --> 00:42:08.260
 I think we

00:42:08.260 --> 00:42:08.619
 need at least

00:42:08.619 --> 00:42:09.059
 one more.

00:42:09.340 --> 00:42:09.660
 I'll even

00:42:09.660 --> 00:42:10.200
 take a lady.

00:42:12.340 --> 00:42:12.820
 Here it

00:42:12.820 --> 00:42:13.019
 comes,

00:42:13.119 --> 00:42:13.519
 another one.

00:42:13.579 --> 00:42:13.740
 Okay,

00:42:13.840 --> 00:42:14.000
 good.

00:42:14.280 --> 00:42:14.440
 Now,

00:42:14.539 --> 00:42:14.800
 there's a

00:42:14.800 --> 00:42:15.119
 stack of

00:42:15.119 --> 00:42:15.500
 Bibles there

00:42:15.500 --> 00:42:15.760
 gentlemen,

00:42:15.960 --> 00:42:16.500
 I want you

00:42:16.500 --> 00:42:16.820
 each to

00:42:16.820 --> 00:42:17.240
 take one.

00:42:17.500 --> 00:42:17.740
 These are

00:42:17.740 --> 00:42:18.579
 all modern

00:42:18.579 --> 00:42:18.880
 Bibles.

00:42:19.039 --> 00:42:19.200
 I think

00:42:19.200 --> 00:42:20.480
 there's one

00:42:20.480 --> 00:42:21.019
 little one

00:42:21.019 --> 00:42:21.200
 there.

00:42:23.200 --> 00:42:23.639
 Okay.

00:42:25.460 --> 00:42:25.880
 Now,

00:42:26.039 --> 00:42:26.980
 let's turn,

00:42:27.039 --> 00:42:27.700
 everybody turn

00:42:27.700 --> 00:42:28.240
 here tonight

00:42:28.240 --> 00:42:29.260
 to Romans

00:42:29.260 --> 00:42:29.900
 chapter five.

00:42:29.900 --> 00:42:30.360
 We could go

00:42:30.360 --> 00:42:30.820
 anywhere and

00:42:30.820 --> 00:42:31.059
 do this,

00:42:31.119 --> 00:42:31.559
 but I'll

00:42:31.559 --> 00:42:31.940
 just turn

00:42:31.940 --> 00:42:32.380
 to Romans

00:42:32.380 --> 00:42:32.740
 five.

00:42:32.900 --> 00:42:34.480
 It's kind

00:42:34.480 --> 00:42:34.680
 of an

00:42:34.680 --> 00:42:34.980
 interesting

00:42:34.980 --> 00:42:35.440
 point.

00:42:35.740 --> 00:42:36.139
 Romans

00:42:36.139 --> 00:42:37.340
 chapter five.

00:42:37.599 --> 00:42:37.880
 Okay,

00:42:38.000 --> 00:42:38.420
 does everybody

00:42:38.420 --> 00:42:38.800
 have it?

00:42:40.559 --> 00:42:40.940
 All right,

00:42:41.240 --> 00:42:41.780
 on the count

00:42:41.780 --> 00:42:42.220
 of three,

00:42:42.840 --> 00:42:43.400
 I want all

00:42:43.400 --> 00:42:43.740
 of you to

00:42:43.740 --> 00:42:44.200
 read out

00:42:44.200 --> 00:42:44.700
 loud.

00:42:46.780 --> 00:42:47.160
 We'll just

00:42:47.160 --> 00:42:47.420
 read the

00:42:47.420 --> 00:42:47.820
 first three

00:42:47.820 --> 00:42:48.099
 verses.

00:42:48.320 --> 00:42:48.480
 Okay,

00:42:48.740 --> 00:42:49.099
 Romans

00:42:49.099 --> 00:42:49.720
 chapter five.

00:42:49.820 --> 00:42:49.940
 All right,

00:42:50.200 --> 00:42:50.559
 one,

00:42:50.940 --> 00:42:51.139
 two,

00:42:51.440 --> 00:42:51.720
 three.

00:42:51.719 --> 00:43:02.859
 Okay,

00:43:03.219 --> 00:43:03.639
 what did

00:43:03.639 --> 00:43:04.039
 you just

00:43:04.039 --> 00:43:04.359
 hear?

00:43:05.819 --> 00:43:06.459
 Give me a

00:43:06.459 --> 00:43:06.879
 word that

00:43:06.879 --> 00:43:07.439
 just illustrates

00:43:07.439 --> 00:43:07.719
 what you

00:43:07.719 --> 00:43:08.219
 just heard.

00:43:09.359 --> 00:43:09.759
 Confusion.

00:43:11.279 --> 00:43:11.679
 Confusion.

00:43:11.839 --> 00:43:12.139
 Thank you,

00:43:12.199 --> 00:43:12.399
 gentlemen.

00:43:13.679 --> 00:43:14.079
 Thank you.

00:43:14.739 --> 00:43:15.159
 But that's

00:43:15.159 --> 00:43:15.559
 what's going

00:43:15.559 --> 00:43:16.119
 on today.

00:43:16.519 --> 00:43:16.799
 It's

00:43:16.799 --> 00:43:17.459
 confusion.

00:43:17.460 --> 00:43:20.019
 And you

00:43:20.019 --> 00:43:20.300
 go into

00:43:20.300 --> 00:43:20.860
 other churches

00:43:20.860 --> 00:43:22.400
 and sometimes

00:43:22.400 --> 00:43:23.079
 there'll be

00:43:23.079 --> 00:43:24.260
 seven different

00:43:24.260 --> 00:43:25.139
 translations out

00:43:25.139 --> 00:43:25.480
 there in the

00:43:25.480 --> 00:43:25.699
 pew.

00:43:27.300 --> 00:43:27.960
 And it's

00:43:27.960 --> 00:43:28.240
 hard to

00:43:28.240 --> 00:43:28.480
 memorize

00:43:28.480 --> 00:43:29.119
 scripture when

00:43:29.119 --> 00:43:29.679
 there's such

00:43:29.679 --> 00:43:30.220
 confusion.

00:43:30.559 --> 00:43:31.079
 Thy word is

00:43:31.079 --> 00:43:31.420
 truth.

00:43:32.659 --> 00:43:33.280
 His words

00:43:33.280 --> 00:43:34.320
 endure forever.

00:43:35.199 --> 00:43:35.679
 Stick to the

00:43:35.679 --> 00:43:36.019
 old King

00:43:36.019 --> 00:43:36.300
 James.

00:43:36.420 --> 00:43:36.539
 Now,

00:43:36.639 --> 00:43:37.539
 tomorrow night,

00:43:37.980 --> 00:43:38.400
 now tonight

00:43:38.400 --> 00:43:39.940
 we've fallen

00:43:39.940 --> 00:43:40.679
 the lineage and

00:43:40.679 --> 00:43:41.519
 the track of

00:43:41.519 --> 00:43:42.260
 the liberals,

00:43:43.139 --> 00:43:44.099
 the apostates

00:43:44.099 --> 00:43:44.519
 who have given

00:43:44.519 --> 00:43:45.000
 us the modern

00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:45.760
 critical text.

00:43:47.460 --> 00:43:48.400
 Tomorrow night,

00:43:48.539 --> 00:43:49.139
 we're going to

00:43:49.139 --> 00:43:49.900
 follow the

00:43:49.900 --> 00:43:51.880
 lineage of the

00:43:51.880 --> 00:43:53.199
 received text.

00:43:53.539 --> 00:43:54.460
 In some cases,

00:43:54.579 --> 00:43:55.220
 men who gave

00:43:55.220 --> 00:43:56.740
 their lives so

00:43:56.740 --> 00:43:57.179
 that we can

00:43:57.179 --> 00:43:58.340
 have the

00:43:58.340 --> 00:43:59.519
 Bible in our

00:43:59.519 --> 00:44:00.220
 own language.

00:44:01.500 --> 00:44:02.240
 People who

00:44:02.240 --> 00:44:02.880
 were literally

00:44:02.880 --> 00:44:03.940
 burned at the

00:44:03.940 --> 00:44:04.300
 stake.

00:44:04.720 --> 00:44:05.139
 And it wasn't

00:44:05.139 --> 00:44:05.840
 just William

00:44:05.840 --> 00:44:06.260
 Tyndale.

00:44:06.400 --> 00:44:06.619
 There were

00:44:06.619 --> 00:44:06.980
 others.

00:44:08.300 --> 00:44:08.820
 And we're

00:44:08.820 --> 00:44:09.480
 going to see,

00:44:09.699 --> 00:44:10.380
 in contrast,

00:44:10.519 --> 00:44:11.179
 a godly

00:44:11.179 --> 00:44:12.260
 lineage of

00:44:12.260 --> 00:44:12.900
 people who,

00:44:13.099 --> 00:44:13.579
 when they

00:44:13.579 --> 00:44:14.139
 studied the

00:44:14.139 --> 00:44:14.519
 New Testament,

00:44:14.599 --> 00:44:14.820
 they got

00:44:14.820 --> 00:44:15.360
 saved.

00:44:15.360 --> 00:44:17.900
 Erasmus,

00:44:17.940 --> 00:44:18.440
 for example,

00:44:18.539 --> 00:44:18.740
 we'll get

00:44:18.740 --> 00:44:19.079
 into tomorrow

00:44:19.079 --> 00:44:19.360
 night,

00:44:19.700 --> 00:44:20.019
 was a

00:44:20.019 --> 00:44:20.280
 Catholic

00:44:20.280 --> 00:44:20.579
 priest,

00:44:20.660 --> 00:44:20.820
 but he

00:44:20.820 --> 00:44:21.480
 got saved,

00:44:21.860 --> 00:44:22.200
 and by

00:44:22.200 --> 00:44:22.660
 the time

00:44:22.660 --> 00:44:23.220
 he was

00:44:23.220 --> 00:44:23.519
 near the

00:44:23.519 --> 00:44:23.760
 end of

00:44:23.760 --> 00:44:24.440
 his life

00:44:24.440 --> 00:44:24.680
 and his

00:44:24.680 --> 00:44:24.880
 career,

00:44:24.980 --> 00:44:25.160
 he'd

00:44:25.160 --> 00:44:25.559
 basically

00:44:25.559 --> 00:44:26.079
 become a

00:44:26.079 --> 00:44:26.420
 Baptist.

00:44:27.539 --> 00:44:27.900
 Folks,

00:44:27.960 --> 00:44:28.340
 if all you

00:44:28.340 --> 00:44:29.200
 have is the

00:44:29.200 --> 00:44:29.480
 book,

00:44:29.740 --> 00:44:30.160
 if all you

00:44:30.160 --> 00:44:30.500
 have is the

00:44:30.500 --> 00:44:30.880
 word of God

00:44:30.880 --> 00:44:31.099
 and you

00:44:31.099 --> 00:44:31.480
 study it,

00:44:31.480 --> 00:44:31.640
 you'll

00:44:31.640 --> 00:44:32.000
 become a

00:44:32.000 --> 00:44:32.280
 Baptist.

00:44:33.559 --> 00:44:33.820
 I mean,

00:44:33.840 --> 00:44:34.140
 if you don't

00:44:34.140 --> 00:44:34.539
 go off in

00:44:34.539 --> 00:44:34.900
 some other

00:44:34.900 --> 00:44:35.620
 theology and

00:44:35.620 --> 00:44:36.660
 matrix of

00:44:36.660 --> 00:44:37.640
 somebody else's

00:44:37.640 --> 00:44:38.780
 theological

00:44:38.780 --> 00:44:39.460
 ideas,

00:44:40.360 --> 00:44:41.300
 but Erasmus

00:44:41.300 --> 00:44:41.780
 became a

00:44:41.780 --> 00:44:42.039
 Baptist.

00:44:42.700 --> 00:44:43.079
 And we're

00:44:43.079 --> 00:44:43.579
 going to see

00:44:43.579 --> 00:44:45.260
 similar things.

00:44:45.360 --> 00:44:47.519
 of men who

00:44:47.519 --> 00:44:48.120
 studied the

00:44:48.120 --> 00:44:48.599
 New Testament

00:44:48.599 --> 00:44:49.059
 so they

00:44:49.059 --> 00:44:49.380
 could print

00:44:49.380 --> 00:44:49.620
 it,

00:44:51.099 --> 00:44:51.620
 read it,

00:44:52.640 --> 00:44:53.320
 and got

00:44:53.320 --> 00:44:53.800
 saved.

00:44:55.340 --> 00:44:56.079
 Led others

00:44:56.079 --> 00:44:56.680
 to Christ.

00:44:57.099 --> 00:44:57.980
 And so we'll

00:44:57.980 --> 00:44:58.480
 see tomorrow

00:44:58.480 --> 00:44:59.720
 night the

00:44:59.720 --> 00:45:01.099
 life of King

00:45:01.099 --> 00:45:01.700
 James, for

00:45:01.700 --> 00:45:02.099
 example,

00:45:02.740 --> 00:45:03.480
 which in his

00:45:03.480 --> 00:45:04.400
 early years,

00:45:04.500 --> 00:45:05.160
 he was a

00:45:05.160 --> 00:45:05.900
 godly man.

00:45:05.980 --> 00:45:06.420
 Later in his

00:45:06.420 --> 00:45:07.180
 life, he kind

00:45:07.180 --> 00:45:07.519
 of went off

00:45:07.519 --> 00:45:07.900
 the rails,

00:45:08.019 --> 00:45:08.900
 but in his

00:45:08.900 --> 00:45:09.680
 early years,

00:45:09.780 --> 00:45:10.500
 when he

00:45:10.500 --> 00:45:11.079
 authorized the

00:45:11.079 --> 00:45:11.460
 King James

00:45:11.460 --> 00:45:11.940
 Bible, he

00:45:11.940 --> 00:45:12.220
 was a

00:45:12.220 --> 00:45:12.860
 godly man.

00:45:12.860 --> 00:45:13.000
 man.

00:45:14.559 --> 00:45:15.360
 We'll see

00:45:15.360 --> 00:45:16.840
 the character

00:45:16.840 --> 00:45:19.099
 of the

00:45:19.099 --> 00:45:20.420
 translators

00:45:20.420 --> 00:45:20.940
 of the

00:45:20.940 --> 00:45:21.340
 King James

00:45:21.340 --> 00:45:21.700
 Bible.

00:45:23.000 --> 00:45:23.460
 They were

00:45:23.460 --> 00:45:24.400
 godly men.

00:45:25.260 --> 00:45:25.860
 Men who

00:45:25.860 --> 00:45:26.160
 are not

00:45:26.160 --> 00:45:26.960
 only erudite

00:45:26.960 --> 00:45:28.160
 in linguistics,

00:45:28.920 --> 00:45:29.680
 but they

00:45:29.680 --> 00:45:30.360
 were godly in

00:45:30.360 --> 00:45:30.900
 their character,

00:45:31.400 --> 00:45:32.260
 and they

00:45:32.260 --> 00:45:32.620
 loved the

00:45:32.620 --> 00:45:32.840
 Lord.

00:45:33.340 --> 00:45:34.019
 It is such

00:45:34.019 --> 00:45:35.460
 a profound

00:45:35.460 --> 00:45:36.200
 difference from

00:45:36.200 --> 00:45:37.059
 the group that

00:45:37.059 --> 00:45:37.740
 we saw tonight.

00:45:38.300 --> 00:45:38.860
 Well, come back

00:45:38.860 --> 00:45:39.380
 tomorrow night,

00:45:39.620 --> 00:45:40.300
 same time,

00:45:40.420 --> 00:45:40.840
 same place,

00:45:40.920 --> 00:45:41.380
 same station,

00:45:41.380 --> 00:45:42.320
 and we'll

00:45:42.320 --> 00:45:42.640
 have a good

00:45:42.640 --> 00:45:43.079
 time tomorrow

00:45:43.079 --> 00:45:43.260
 night.

00:45:43.340 --> 00:45:43.840
 Father, thank

00:45:43.840 --> 00:45:44.260
 you for the

00:45:44.260 --> 00:45:44.700
 word of God.

00:45:44.800 --> 00:45:45.380
 Thank you that

00:45:45.380 --> 00:45:46.980
 we can rely on

00:45:46.980 --> 00:45:47.820
 how you have

00:45:47.820 --> 00:45:49.280
 transmitted your

00:45:49.280 --> 00:45:50.260
 word to us to

00:45:50.260 --> 00:45:50.740
 this day.

00:45:51.920 --> 00:45:53.079
 And bless these

00:45:53.079 --> 00:45:53.820
 good folks who've

00:45:53.820 --> 00:45:54.420
 come out on a

00:45:54.420 --> 00:45:54.860
 weeknight.

00:45:55.760 --> 00:45:56.400
 Bring them back

00:45:56.400 --> 00:45:56.900
 again tomorrow

00:45:56.900 --> 00:45:57.700
 night, and I ask

00:45:57.700 --> 00:45:58.700
 it in Jesus' name.

00:45:59.000 --> 00:45:59.240
 Amen.

00:45:59.240 --> 00:45:59.340
 Amen.

00:45:59.340 --> 00:45:59.380
 Amen.

00:45:59.380 --> 00:45:59.420
 Amen.

00:45:59.420 --> 00:45:59.440
 Amen.

00:45:59.440 --> 00:45:59.460
 Amen.

00:45:59.460 --> 00:45:59.480
 Amen.

00:45:59.480 --> 00:46:01.420
 Amen.

00:46:01.420 --> 00:46:01.440
 Amen.

00:46:01.440 --> 00:46:01.480
 Amen.

00:46:01.480 --> 00:46:03.440
 Amen.

00:46:03.440 --> 00:46:03.519
 Amen.

00:46:03.519 --> 00:46:03.559
 Amen.

00:46:03.559 --> 00:46:05.440
 Amen.

00:46:05.440 --> 00:46:07.440
 Amen.

00:46:07.440 --> 00:46:07.519
 Amen.

00:46:07.519 --> 00:46:07.559
 Amen.

00:46:07.559 --> 00:46:09.519
 Amen.

00:46:09.519 --> 00:46:09.559
 Amen.

00:46:09.559 --> 00:46:09.599
 Amen.

00:46:09.599 --> 00:46:11.360
 Amen.