WEBVTT

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 Well, last week I had a similar handout introducing you to three columns.

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 The first column was the early church, that period that discussed the doctrine of the Trinity in particular,

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 and their kind of summary phrase,

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 under the relations written down in the phrase,

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 Christ with us.

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 In the Reformation period, they assumed all the insights that had emerged in the early church,

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 but their questions were much more focused on what is grace and therefore what is the church for.

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 So if the earliest period of the church summarised its struggles, its thinking with the phrase,

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 Christ with us, then the Reformation period can summarise its debates,

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 Christ for us, or Christ instead of us, Christ for our life.

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 But after a couple hundred years of Protestantism,

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 people realised that believing in justification by grace to the faith

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 probably wasn't enough to establish a lively faith, a closed walk of the Lord.

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 So these Christians of the 18th century, we might call them Gentiles,

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 and so I said, yes, of course Christ with us, of course Christ for us,

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 but we must not forget Christ in us.

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 And they talked up the role of the Spirit,

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 especially in adorning the world that was newly recreated under enlightened conditions.

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 I think that the summary is really useful as a code map

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 on which we can further details in the new ones.

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 Today we're doing much the same thing.

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 We're not thinking about three turning points as much as we can,

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 three cultural moments that have shaped that final column from last week.

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 So these three cultural moments that have shaped the movement,

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 you might summarise as the Enlightenment,

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 something that you've never done instead,

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 it's the same thing.

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 The cultural movement called Romanticism,

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 and the cultural movement called Modernism,

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 perhaps post-Modernism.

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 Please note, just in those circles,

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 I'm going to pay.

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 Student in modernity and modernism are different.

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 We all like being very modern,

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 and we keep trying to find new ways of using the word modern to describe that.

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 But these three moments

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 are more like soundtracks from the culture

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 rather than decisions that Christians have made

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 to reform or renew their church.

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 Just imagine this.

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 You see on a video

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 a man and woman, arm in arm,

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 walking down a street at night in Paris,

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 and the background music are violins.

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 You know that they've just had a good meal together,

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 they love each other,

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 they're comfortable with each other,

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 and they're going home together.

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 But if that same visual scene were played,

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 not with violins in the background,

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 but screechy, screechy cellos,

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 you'd know that walking down this dark street at night,

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 they're about to get mugged.

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 The music is warning you

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 that something is going to happen any minute now

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 that you have to be aware of, right?

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 The very same visual

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 can mean something different

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 according to the soundtrack,

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 the music that's played in the background.

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 Evangelicals, these people from the 18th century,

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 who wanted to work out

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 how to have a close walk with the Lord

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 under modern conditions,

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 have had to stare down a few cultural shifts.

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 Background music that actually shaped them

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 more than probably they wanted to be shaped,

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 or shaped us

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 more than actually we probably wanted to be shaped.

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 These background soundtracks are

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 Enlightenment, Romances, and Modernism.

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 Now, of these three,

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 the first two have been well documented.

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 The third is not so well documented,

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 and it's something that I've been working on

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 for the last couple of years.

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 So what did the Enlightenment do

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 to Christians

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 who were wanting a close walk with the Lord,

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 an experience of the Lord in their heart?

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 Well, the Enlightenment

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 talked up human rationality,

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 human sense perception,

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 human experience, if you will,

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 perhaps summarised

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 with a focus on the mind.

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 Its characteristic was to help

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 human beings throw off

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 external authority,

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 and especially throw off the church,

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 which represented forces

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 that were keeping people back.

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 So that humans could trust themselves,

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 trust their own experience,

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 and trust their own reasoning power, perhaps.

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 It wasn't necessarily anti-Christian,

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 but it could be very anti-Christian.

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 Human beings were trying to develop

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 their own autonomy.

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 There's some good things about that.

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 I'm not just going to obey

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 because someone's always not going to.

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 I have to keep this through.

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 I have to use my own common sense,

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 my own consensus,

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 my own rationality,

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 to work out whether that person's trustworthy,

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 whether I should go with them or not.

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 It's not all bad,

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 but it certainly did impact

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 evangelical Christians.

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 Because if they were already saying,

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 we need to talk about Christ in us,

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 then the culture was reinforcing

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 the individual.

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 Now, those first evangelical Christians

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 who said,

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 we need to talk about Christ in us,

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 of course,

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 were conservative Protestants.

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 They were anchored to the Reformation.

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 They were anchored to Greece

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 in the early 20s.

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 Remember that.

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 But the culture started pushing them further

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 from those big historical roots.

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 If you will,

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 often the image is provided of the machine

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 to summarise what the Enlightenment was about.

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 It's self-contained,

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 well, probably needs a power source,

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 but self-contained,

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 regular,

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 predictable,

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 mechanical,

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 of course,

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 that's what defines a machine.

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 Powered under its own steam,

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 if you will,

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 the result of human engineering.

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 Now,

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 the representatives of this movement,

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 some of them are familiar to us,

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 Jonathan Edwards,

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 or John Wesley,

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 in England,

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 or in Britain,

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 Sarah Osmond,

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 in Newport, Rhode Island.

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 These are great evangelical representatives.

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 These were people who talked about

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 not only Christ in us,

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 but were trying to engage

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 with the Enlightenment around them

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 and make this new mode

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 of being a conservative process

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 more acceptable,

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 more engaging,

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 with the world

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 that they were facing.

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 John Wesley Neville

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 always carried with him

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 a briefcase

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 with different kinds of tea,

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 tea leaves,

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 because he saw himself

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 as a physician

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 and he would prescribe

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 teas to people

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 to cure them

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 as he travelled to the church.

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 He kind of had this

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 Enlightenment,

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 rationalistic,

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 scientific thinking

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 that tea's got the answer

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 to all your problems.

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 John Edwards as well

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 was very deliberate

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 in trying to work out

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 what the world

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 was talking about,

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 light,

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 the Enlightenment,

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 but he knew that

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 the Lord provided light

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 in his word.

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 God provides

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 supernatural light

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 as it were.

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 And he would deliberately

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 riff off that,

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 deliberately

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 take the debates

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 that the world

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 was engaging in

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 and use them

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 for his own preaching

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 for revival purposes.

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 In fact,

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 the revivals themselves

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 are,

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 if you will,

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 using the technical language,

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 an artifact

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 of modernity.

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 Luther never preached

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 on the streets,

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 in the fields.

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 That was something

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 that was simply modern.

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 The revivals themselves

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 were in part

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 the creation

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 of a new kind of culture.

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 So the issues

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 that Christians

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 are available

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 or the world

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 are available

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 in this period

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 was how,

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 what autonomy

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 looks like,

00:10:01.399 --> 00:10:01.960
 what does it mean

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 for individuals

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 to be autonomous?

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 This is a world

00:10:05.980 --> 00:10:07.380
 in which revolution

00:10:07.380 --> 00:10:08.720
 threatened Europe

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 and North America.

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 This is a period

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 when industry

00:10:13.780 --> 00:10:16.500
 using big machines

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 developed,

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 which is also

00:10:18.380 --> 00:10:19.000
 quite threatening.

00:10:19.140 --> 00:10:20.060
 Although at this stage,

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 industry is largely

00:10:21.900 --> 00:10:23.220
 not in cities,

00:10:24.080 --> 00:10:25.580
 but in rural locations.

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 Because you need

00:10:27.840 --> 00:10:29.640
 rivers to power

00:10:29.640 --> 00:10:31.320
 factories and stuff.

00:10:31.320 --> 00:10:34.480
 some of the names

00:10:34.480 --> 00:10:34.840
 that,

00:10:34.920 --> 00:10:35.820
 not Christian names

00:10:35.820 --> 00:10:36.280
 by the way,

00:10:36.320 --> 00:10:37.100
 but some of the names

00:10:37.100 --> 00:10:38.160
 that you might

00:10:38.160 --> 00:10:39.600
 associate with this period

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 is Emmanuel Cart

00:10:40.540 --> 00:10:41.540
 the general philosopher,

00:10:42.360 --> 00:10:42.940
 Voltaire,

00:10:43.060 --> 00:10:44.180
 the French philosopher,

00:10:44.780 --> 00:10:45.780
 or Thomas Paine

00:10:45.780 --> 00:10:46.860
 in the early months.

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 Some of the outcomes

00:10:50.760 --> 00:10:51.840
 of this new

00:10:51.840 --> 00:10:53.580
 cultural movement

00:10:53.580 --> 00:10:55.120
 were, of course,

00:10:55.320 --> 00:10:56.500
 revivals themselves,

00:10:57.320 --> 00:10:58.360
 but also

00:10:58.360 --> 00:11:00.600
 the Methodist church.

00:11:01.320 --> 00:11:02.060
 was born

00:11:02.060 --> 00:11:02.900
 in this period

00:11:02.900 --> 00:11:04.140
 and the Methodist church

00:11:04.140 --> 00:11:06.580
 in various forms

00:11:06.580 --> 00:11:07.620
 is still with us.

00:11:08.520 --> 00:11:09.200
 But also

00:11:09.200 --> 00:11:10.260
 in this period

00:11:10.260 --> 00:11:12.260
 the modern missions movement

00:11:12.260 --> 00:11:13.200
 was born.

00:11:14.820 --> 00:11:15.480
 The Enlightenment

00:11:15.480 --> 00:11:16.360
 enabled

00:11:16.360 --> 00:11:18.140
 mass movement

00:11:18.140 --> 00:11:18.860
 of people.

00:11:19.860 --> 00:11:20.540
 It meant that

00:11:20.540 --> 00:11:22.879
 ships could cross

00:11:22.879 --> 00:11:23.620
 the North of Maine,

00:11:23.660 --> 00:11:24.760
 not just the North of Maine,

00:11:25.240 --> 00:11:26.220
 travelling there really,

00:11:26.820 --> 00:11:27.920
 quickly

00:11:27.920 --> 00:11:29.880
 upon the power

00:11:29.880 --> 00:11:30.600
 of modern machines.

00:11:30.600 --> 00:11:31.860
 so that if you

00:11:31.860 --> 00:11:33.019
 wanted to go to

00:11:33.019 --> 00:11:33.639
 Burma,

00:11:34.320 --> 00:11:35.360
 if you wanted to

00:11:35.360 --> 00:11:36.980
 travel to Australia,

00:11:37.120 --> 00:11:37.720
 you could in

00:11:37.720 --> 00:11:38.120
 really

00:11:38.120 --> 00:11:42.540
 So that's the first

00:11:42.540 --> 00:11:45.139
 cultural soundtrack

00:11:45.139 --> 00:11:47.779
 that's playing

00:11:47.779 --> 00:11:49.779
 at the same time

00:11:49.779 --> 00:11:50.540
 that Christians

00:11:50.540 --> 00:11:51.379
 are thinking about

00:11:51.379 --> 00:11:51.940
 what it means

00:11:51.940 --> 00:11:53.080
 to revive the church,

00:11:53.680 --> 00:11:54.360
 what it means

00:11:54.360 --> 00:11:55.240
 for us to have

00:11:55.240 --> 00:11:55.899
 a close walk

00:11:55.899 --> 00:11:56.519
 with the Lord,

00:11:56.519 --> 00:11:57.840
 what it means

00:11:57.840 --> 00:11:58.279
 for us

00:11:58.279 --> 00:11:59.220
 to celebrate

00:11:59.220 --> 00:12:00.439
 the work of the Spirit

00:12:00.439 --> 00:12:01.179
 in our life

00:12:01.179 --> 00:12:03.120
 or in the world

00:12:03.120 --> 00:12:03.960
 around us.

00:12:05.259 --> 00:12:05.960
 Let me pause

00:12:05.960 --> 00:12:06.899
 and hear if you have

00:12:06.899 --> 00:12:07.759
 any questions

00:12:07.759 --> 00:12:08.480
 or concerns.

00:12:08.480 --> 00:12:08.620
 questions.

00:12:21.159 --> 00:12:21.519
 Well,

00:12:21.820 --> 00:12:22.100
 yeah,

00:12:23.100 --> 00:12:25.460
 where was the

00:12:25.460 --> 00:12:26.500
 Roman Catholic Church

00:12:26.500 --> 00:12:27.200
 at this time,

00:12:27.320 --> 00:12:28.000
 kind of in that

00:12:28.000 --> 00:12:30.220
 late 1600s

00:12:30.220 --> 00:12:31.279
 to early 1700s?

00:12:31.620 --> 00:12:32.460
 Was there a lot

00:12:32.460 --> 00:12:33.320
 of upheaval

00:12:33.320 --> 00:12:34.300
 or were they just

00:12:34.300 --> 00:12:35.060
 struggling to kind of

00:12:35.060 --> 00:12:35.899
 hang on to power

00:12:35.899 --> 00:12:37.240
 with a little bit

00:12:37.240 --> 00:12:37.720
 of everything?

00:12:38.139 --> 00:12:38.460
 Yes,

00:12:38.500 --> 00:12:38.820
 a little bit

00:12:38.820 --> 00:12:39.200
 of everything

00:12:39.200 --> 00:12:39.899
 because when you

00:12:39.899 --> 00:12:40.580
 say the Roman Catholic

00:12:40.580 --> 00:12:40.879
 Church,

00:12:40.980 --> 00:12:41.980
 you mean the Roman

00:12:41.980 --> 00:12:42.419
 Catholic Church

00:12:42.419 --> 00:12:43.240
 in South America

00:12:43.240 --> 00:12:44.519
 or in Italy

00:12:44.519 --> 00:12:45.879
 or in,

00:12:45.879 --> 00:12:46.419
 you know,

00:12:46.639 --> 00:12:47.759
 they'd already

00:12:47.759 --> 00:12:48.340
 reached out

00:12:48.340 --> 00:12:48.840
 and gone to

00:12:48.840 --> 00:12:49.379
 their different

00:12:49.379 --> 00:12:50.100
 destinations.

00:12:50.419 --> 00:12:51.340
 The Roman Catholics

00:12:51.340 --> 00:12:52.779
 were ahead of

00:12:52.779 --> 00:12:53.399
 Protestants

00:12:53.399 --> 00:12:54.639
 in terms of

00:12:54.639 --> 00:12:55.360
 global mission.

00:12:59.580 --> 00:13:00.220
 Protestants

00:13:00.220 --> 00:13:01.440
 were right behind

00:13:01.440 --> 00:13:02.180
 on this floor.

00:13:02.379 --> 00:13:02.680
 Sure.

00:13:05.379 --> 00:13:06.879
 The Roman Catholics

00:13:06.879 --> 00:13:08.399
 weren't classically

00:13:08.399 --> 00:13:09.980
 liking the revolutions

00:13:09.980 --> 00:13:10.559
 that were taking

00:13:10.559 --> 00:13:10.939
 place,

00:13:11.059 --> 00:13:12.360
 so they'd become

00:13:12.360 --> 00:13:13.480
 quite reactionary

00:13:13.480 --> 00:13:14.159
 and tried to

00:13:14.159 --> 00:13:15.279
 address that

00:13:15.279 --> 00:13:15.779
 question.

00:13:22.360 --> 00:13:24.100
 I think this column,

00:13:24.220 --> 00:13:24.799
 the first one,

00:13:24.860 --> 00:13:25.620
 is probably the most

00:13:25.620 --> 00:13:26.080
 familiar,

00:13:26.320 --> 00:13:26.700
 actually.

00:13:28.519 --> 00:13:29.320
 The second column,

00:13:29.879 --> 00:13:31.299
 much less so.

00:13:31.299 --> 00:13:34.819
 romanticism doesn't

00:13:34.819 --> 00:13:36.779
 mean how to fall

00:13:36.779 --> 00:13:37.699
 in love or read

00:13:37.699 --> 00:13:38.339
 a good novel.

00:13:40.579 --> 00:13:41.620
 Romanticism is a

00:13:41.620 --> 00:13:42.740
 cultural moment,

00:13:43.139 --> 00:13:44.240
 a cultural thing,

00:13:44.899 --> 00:13:46.659
 which is in reaction

00:13:46.659 --> 00:13:48.019
 to the Enlightenment.

00:13:48.019 --> 00:13:50.379
 if the Enlightenment

00:13:50.379 --> 00:13:52.939
 stressed rationality

00:13:52.939 --> 00:13:54.799
 and your sense

00:13:54.799 --> 00:13:55.500
 perception,

00:13:57.120 --> 00:13:57.960
 romanticism has

00:13:57.960 --> 00:13:59.699
 stressed emotion

00:13:59.699 --> 00:14:01.539
 or intuition,

00:14:01.539 --> 00:14:03.539
 deep connections,

00:14:05.039 --> 00:14:07.799
 perhaps crudely put,

00:14:08.340 --> 00:14:09.139
 when it's trying to

00:14:09.139 --> 00:14:10.399
 highlight the heart.

00:14:10.399 --> 00:14:16.240
 this was a moment

00:14:16.240 --> 00:14:19.059
 that saw the

00:14:19.059 --> 00:14:20.899
 shortcomings

00:14:20.899 --> 00:14:23.179
 of enlightenment

00:14:23.179 --> 00:14:24.779
 and tried to

00:14:24.779 --> 00:14:25.360
 compensate,

00:14:25.720 --> 00:14:26.919
 perhaps overreact.

00:14:26.919 --> 00:14:29.500
 the deepest

00:14:29.500 --> 00:14:31.839
 yearning

00:14:31.839 --> 00:14:32.599
 amongst

00:14:32.599 --> 00:14:33.659
 those

00:14:33.659 --> 00:14:34.559
 promoting

00:14:34.559 --> 00:14:35.479
 romanticism

00:14:35.479 --> 00:14:36.779
 was a yearning

00:14:36.779 --> 00:14:38.059
 for integration.

00:14:38.799 --> 00:14:39.819
 And seeing that

00:14:39.819 --> 00:14:41.000
 the Enlightenment

00:14:41.000 --> 00:14:41.699
 had pulled

00:14:41.699 --> 00:14:42.659
 people apart,

00:14:43.399 --> 00:14:44.319
 your mind

00:14:44.319 --> 00:14:45.360
 was kind of

00:14:45.360 --> 00:14:46.639
 a different part

00:14:46.639 --> 00:14:47.240
 of you from your

00:14:47.240 --> 00:14:48.120
 body or your

00:14:48.120 --> 00:14:48.799
 soul in

00:14:48.799 --> 00:14:49.360
 Enlightenment.

00:14:51.240 --> 00:14:52.039
 Men were

00:14:52.039 --> 00:14:53.079
 regarded as being

00:14:53.079 --> 00:14:54.360
 more rational,

00:14:54.559 --> 00:14:55.500
 therefore men and

00:14:55.500 --> 00:14:56.259
 women were being

00:14:56.259 --> 00:14:57.240
 called apart in

00:14:57.240 --> 00:14:57.860
 the Enlightenment

00:14:57.860 --> 00:14:58.379
 as well.

00:14:59.740 --> 00:15:00.539
 Romanticism has

00:15:00.539 --> 00:15:01.419
 this yearning to

00:15:01.419 --> 00:15:02.519
 put things,

00:15:02.620 --> 00:15:03.059
 as it were,

00:15:03.120 --> 00:15:03.580
 back together

00:15:03.580 --> 00:15:04.919
 or to integrate,

00:15:05.159 --> 00:15:06.159
 to see the

00:15:06.159 --> 00:15:06.899
 connections

00:15:06.899 --> 00:15:08.819
 between all

00:15:08.819 --> 00:15:10.919
 that we experience.

00:15:13.779 --> 00:15:14.819
 And if you will,

00:15:14.919 --> 00:15:16.100
 the image that

00:15:16.100 --> 00:15:17.100
 best captures

00:15:17.100 --> 00:15:18.200
 the romantic

00:15:18.200 --> 00:15:19.679
 moment is the

00:15:19.679 --> 00:15:20.159
 tree,

00:15:20.379 --> 00:15:21.279
 not the machine.

00:15:22.919 --> 00:15:23.559
 The tree,

00:15:23.740 --> 00:15:24.539
 the tree is

00:15:24.539 --> 00:15:25.100
 organic,

00:15:25.100 --> 00:15:27.320
 organic,

00:15:27.320 --> 00:15:27.639
 the tree

00:15:27.639 --> 00:15:29.500
 looks different,

00:15:29.840 --> 00:15:30.540
 the very same

00:15:30.540 --> 00:15:31.480
 species planted

00:15:31.480 --> 00:15:32.420
 there and

00:15:32.420 --> 00:15:33.220
 planted here,

00:15:33.639 --> 00:15:35.060
 grows its

00:15:35.060 --> 00:15:35.759
 limbs in

00:15:35.759 --> 00:15:36.800
 different places,

00:15:37.300 --> 00:15:38.420
 it responds to

00:15:38.420 --> 00:15:39.259
 its environment

00:15:39.259 --> 00:15:40.560
 and bends in

00:15:40.560 --> 00:15:41.379
 this direction

00:15:41.379 --> 00:15:42.580
 and bends in

00:15:42.580 --> 00:15:43.320
 that direction.

00:15:44.120 --> 00:15:45.519
 The tree is

00:15:45.519 --> 00:15:46.259
 earthed,

00:15:47.600 --> 00:15:48.580
 the tree is

00:15:48.580 --> 00:15:49.180
 one with its

00:15:49.180 --> 00:15:49.740
 environment,

00:15:49.740 --> 00:15:51.580
 the tree

00:15:51.580 --> 00:15:52.440
 captures something

00:15:52.440 --> 00:15:53.899
 of what the

00:15:53.899 --> 00:15:54.899
 romantics

00:15:54.899 --> 00:15:56.460
 were trying

00:15:56.460 --> 00:15:57.379
 to highlight.

00:15:59.259 --> 00:15:59.580
 Now,

00:15:59.919 --> 00:16:00.279
 the romantics

00:16:00.279 --> 00:16:01.500
 was not a

00:16:01.500 --> 00:16:02.159
 Christian movement,

00:16:02.259 --> 00:16:02.460
 right?

00:16:02.799 --> 00:16:03.360
 This was something

00:16:03.360 --> 00:16:03.799
 that's happening

00:16:03.799 --> 00:16:05.279
 around the church

00:16:05.279 --> 00:16:05.879
 in the culture

00:16:05.879 --> 00:16:06.180
 generally,

00:16:06.279 --> 00:16:06.740
 but it did

00:16:06.740 --> 00:16:08.299
 impact Christians.

00:16:09.460 --> 00:16:10.039
 And some of the

00:16:10.039 --> 00:16:11.680
 people you

00:16:11.680 --> 00:16:12.360
 might know

00:16:12.360 --> 00:16:13.320
 who most were

00:16:13.320 --> 00:16:14.360
 impacted by

00:16:14.360 --> 00:16:15.279
 this movement

00:16:15.279 --> 00:16:16.519
 were Charles

00:16:16.519 --> 00:16:17.620
 Spurgeon or

00:16:17.620 --> 00:16:18.480
 Dwight Mooney

00:16:18.480 --> 00:16:20.419
 or Phoebe Palmer,

00:16:20.740 --> 00:16:21.960
 a New York

00:16:21.960 --> 00:16:23.240
 doctor's wife

00:16:23.240 --> 00:16:24.399
 who left

00:16:24.399 --> 00:16:25.240
 Bible studies

00:16:25.240 --> 00:16:26.319
 for them

00:16:26.319 --> 00:16:26.740
 in her

00:16:26.740 --> 00:16:27.199
 parlour.

00:16:28.960 --> 00:16:29.399
 Now,

00:16:29.439 --> 00:16:29.679
 you wouldn't

00:16:29.679 --> 00:16:31.859
 say that Spurgeon

00:16:31.859 --> 00:16:32.699
 or Mooney

00:16:32.699 --> 00:16:34.000
 or Palmer

00:16:34.000 --> 00:16:36.839
 were driving

00:16:36.839 --> 00:16:37.559
 pro-applicism

00:16:37.559 --> 00:16:38.459
 far from it,

00:16:38.659 --> 00:16:39.239
 but they just

00:16:39.239 --> 00:16:39.799
 kind of got a

00:16:39.799 --> 00:16:40.459
 sense that their

00:16:40.459 --> 00:16:41.579
 culture was changing

00:16:41.579 --> 00:16:42.739
 and so their

00:16:42.739 --> 00:16:43.699
 ministry style

00:16:43.699 --> 00:16:44.519
 needs to change

00:16:44.519 --> 00:16:45.120
 or their

00:16:45.120 --> 00:16:47.459
 prioritising of

00:16:47.459 --> 00:16:48.099
 energy,

00:16:48.279 --> 00:16:48.500
 money,

00:16:48.639 --> 00:16:49.439
 had to change.

00:16:51.339 --> 00:16:51.879
 Charles Spurgeon,

00:16:51.879 --> 00:16:52.279
 for example,

00:16:52.379 --> 00:16:52.559
 Bolly,

00:16:52.679 --> 00:16:54.599
 that churches

00:16:54.599 --> 00:16:55.019
 should be

00:16:55.019 --> 00:16:55.500
 comfortable.

00:16:58.059 --> 00:16:58.319
 Right?

00:16:58.320 --> 00:16:59.980
 Previously,

00:17:00.220 --> 00:17:00.720
 you might have

00:17:00.720 --> 00:17:01.400
 sat on a

00:17:01.400 --> 00:17:03.220
 wooden bench.

00:17:04.140 --> 00:17:04.559
 There might

00:17:04.559 --> 00:17:05.180
 or might not

00:17:05.180 --> 00:17:05.700
 have been

00:17:05.700 --> 00:17:07.620
 something to

00:17:07.620 --> 00:17:08.200
 lend your back

00:17:08.200 --> 00:17:08.420
 on.

00:17:09.660 --> 00:17:10.080
 In fact,

00:17:11.000 --> 00:17:11.360
 it was only

00:17:11.360 --> 00:17:11.820
 in the modern

00:17:11.820 --> 00:17:12.259
 world that

00:17:12.259 --> 00:17:12.799
 chairs were

00:17:12.799 --> 00:17:13.519
 invented at

00:17:13.519 --> 00:17:14.240
 all the church.

00:17:14.559 --> 00:17:15.000
 Traditionally,

00:17:15.180 --> 00:17:15.539
 you stood in

00:17:15.539 --> 00:17:15.799
 church,

00:17:15.900 --> 00:17:16.039
 right?

00:17:16.100 --> 00:17:17.100
 That was only

00:17:17.100 --> 00:17:17.580
 really,

00:17:17.580 --> 00:17:18.160
 really wealthy

00:17:18.160 --> 00:17:18.860
 churches could

00:17:18.860 --> 00:17:19.799
 afford chairs.

00:17:20.700 --> 00:17:21.080
 So having

00:17:21.080 --> 00:17:21.600
 chairs,

00:17:21.920 --> 00:17:22.420
 not only having

00:17:22.420 --> 00:17:22.720
 chairs,

00:17:22.820 --> 00:17:23.259
 but Spurgeon

00:17:23.259 --> 00:17:24.380
 having added

00:17:24.380 --> 00:17:25.000
 chairs?

00:17:26.960 --> 00:17:27.680
 Some chairs

00:17:27.680 --> 00:17:28.120
 still don't

00:17:28.120 --> 00:17:28.580
 like that.

00:17:31.420 --> 00:17:32.100
 He was a

00:17:32.100 --> 00:17:32.560
 mega church

00:17:32.560 --> 00:17:32.940
 pastor.

00:17:33.080 --> 00:17:33.279
 He had

00:17:33.279 --> 00:17:34.039
 10,000 people

00:17:34.039 --> 00:17:34.519
 in his church

00:17:34.519 --> 00:17:35.140
 on Sundays.

00:17:35.759 --> 00:17:37.100
 He designed

00:17:37.100 --> 00:17:37.759
 a building

00:17:37.759 --> 00:17:40.100
 that visually

00:17:40.100 --> 00:17:41.140
 was beautiful.

00:17:43.140 --> 00:17:43.740
 And something

00:17:43.740 --> 00:17:44.680
 important that

00:17:44.680 --> 00:17:46.140
 happened in

00:17:46.140 --> 00:17:46.799
 Anglican churches

00:17:46.799 --> 00:17:47.660
 or in other

00:17:47.660 --> 00:17:48.480
 kinds as well

00:17:48.480 --> 00:17:49.620
 was that

00:17:49.620 --> 00:17:52.140
 previously,

00:17:52.500 --> 00:17:52.799
 there had

00:17:52.799 --> 00:17:53.360
 been two

00:17:53.360 --> 00:17:54.279
 side aisles

00:17:54.279 --> 00:17:54.600
 when you

00:17:54.600 --> 00:17:55.140
 went to a

00:17:55.140 --> 00:17:55.480
 church.

00:17:56.100 --> 00:17:56.880
 One side

00:17:56.880 --> 00:17:58.680
 aisle took

00:17:58.680 --> 00:17:59.540
 your eye

00:17:59.540 --> 00:17:59.980
 to the

00:17:59.980 --> 00:18:00.440
 pulpit,

00:18:00.960 --> 00:18:01.400
 and the

00:18:01.400 --> 00:18:02.120
 other side

00:18:02.120 --> 00:18:02.800
 aisle took

00:18:02.800 --> 00:18:03.440
 your eye

00:18:03.440 --> 00:18:03.980
 to the

00:18:03.980 --> 00:18:04.440
 lectern

00:18:04.440 --> 00:18:04.820
 where the

00:18:04.820 --> 00:18:05.360
 Bible is

00:18:05.360 --> 00:18:05.660
 read.

00:18:06.680 --> 00:18:07.100
 But in

00:18:07.100 --> 00:18:07.800
 the Romantic

00:18:07.800 --> 00:18:08.600
 period,

00:18:09.100 --> 00:18:09.540
 architecture

00:18:09.540 --> 00:18:10.280
 changed,

00:18:10.940 --> 00:18:11.940
 and it

00:18:11.940 --> 00:18:12.480
 was decided

00:18:12.480 --> 00:18:13.340
 to get rid

00:18:13.340 --> 00:18:13.780
 of side

00:18:13.780 --> 00:18:14.480
 aisles and

00:18:14.480 --> 00:18:15.060
 to have a

00:18:15.060 --> 00:18:15.759
 centre aisle

00:18:15.759 --> 00:18:16.759
 that was

00:18:16.759 --> 00:18:17.640
 focused on

00:18:17.640 --> 00:18:18.200
 the communion

00:18:18.200 --> 00:18:18.720
 table.

00:18:20.500 --> 00:18:21.060
 Can you see

00:18:21.060 --> 00:18:21.320
 that's a

00:18:21.320 --> 00:18:21.759
 very subtle

00:18:21.759 --> 00:18:22.140
 architectural

00:18:22.140 --> 00:18:22.520
 change?

00:18:22.519 --> 00:18:25.460
 No longer

00:18:25.460 --> 00:18:25.839
 would the

00:18:25.839 --> 00:18:26.579
 focus in

00:18:26.579 --> 00:18:27.160
 church be

00:18:27.160 --> 00:18:27.559
 what you

00:18:27.559 --> 00:18:28.059
 hear,

00:18:29.220 --> 00:18:29.759
 the Bible

00:18:29.759 --> 00:18:30.480
 read or

00:18:30.480 --> 00:18:31.079
 the Bible

00:18:31.079 --> 00:18:31.559
 preached,

00:18:31.819 --> 00:18:32.440
 but now

00:18:32.440 --> 00:18:32.960
 the focus

00:18:32.960 --> 00:18:33.200
 on the

00:18:33.200 --> 00:18:33.559
 church in

00:18:33.559 --> 00:18:33.960
 the centre

00:18:33.960 --> 00:18:34.500
 aisle would

00:18:34.500 --> 00:18:35.299
 be the

00:18:35.299 --> 00:18:36.279
 table where

00:18:36.279 --> 00:18:36.900
 the elements

00:18:36.900 --> 00:18:37.079
 were,

00:18:37.220 --> 00:18:37.400
 the bread

00:18:37.400 --> 00:18:37.700
 and wine

00:18:37.700 --> 00:18:37.900
 were.

00:18:39.200 --> 00:18:39.759
 Of course,

00:18:40.279 --> 00:18:40.960
 brides ever

00:18:40.960 --> 00:18:41.379
 since have

00:18:41.379 --> 00:18:41.940
 been thankful

00:18:41.940 --> 00:18:44.240
 because a

00:18:44.240 --> 00:18:44.839
 centre aisle

00:18:44.839 --> 00:18:45.279
 is just

00:18:45.279 --> 00:18:45.900
 perfect for

00:18:45.900 --> 00:18:46.440
 a long

00:18:46.440 --> 00:18:47.079
 time of

00:18:47.079 --> 00:18:47.480
 a living

00:18:47.480 --> 00:18:47.819
 service.

00:18:48.539 --> 00:18:48.779
 But that

00:18:48.779 --> 00:18:49.119
 wasn't

00:18:49.119 --> 00:18:49.639
 originally,

00:18:50.139 --> 00:18:50.639
 my church

00:18:50.639 --> 00:18:50.980
 at home

00:18:50.980 --> 00:18:51.359
 is two

00:18:51.359 --> 00:18:51.660
 side

00:18:51.660 --> 00:18:53.060
 aisles

00:18:53.060 --> 00:18:53.980
 and people

00:18:53.980 --> 00:18:54.320
 would want

00:18:54.320 --> 00:18:54.600
 to book

00:18:54.600 --> 00:18:54.920
 it because

00:18:54.920 --> 00:18:55.080
 it's a

00:18:55.080 --> 00:18:56.800
 very 260

00:18:56.800 --> 00:18:57.140
 years old

00:18:57.140 --> 00:18:57.700
 people want

00:18:57.700 --> 00:18:57.960
 to book

00:18:57.960 --> 00:18:58.800
 it to have

00:18:58.800 --> 00:18:58.960
 their

00:18:58.960 --> 00:18:59.240
 meetings

00:18:59.240 --> 00:18:59.519
 and so

00:18:59.519 --> 00:18:59.820
 on from

00:18:59.820 --> 00:18:59.960
 the

00:18:59.960 --> 00:19:00.279
 community.

00:19:00.620 --> 00:19:00.880
 They come

00:19:00.880 --> 00:19:01.140
 and go,

00:19:01.279 --> 00:19:02.000
 oh my goodness,

00:19:02.680 --> 00:19:03.519
 oh he can't

00:19:03.519 --> 00:19:03.779
 have it,

00:19:03.880 --> 00:19:04.180
 he can't.

00:19:06.180 --> 00:19:06.700
 You've got to

00:19:06.700 --> 00:19:07.120
 have a centre

00:19:07.120 --> 00:19:07.380
 of the way.

00:19:08.200 --> 00:19:08.700
 This is the

00:19:08.700 --> 00:19:09.279
 period when

00:19:09.279 --> 00:19:10.019
 Christians had

00:19:10.019 --> 00:19:10.540
 this crazy

00:19:10.540 --> 00:19:10.920
 thought,

00:19:11.560 --> 00:19:12.140
 why don't

00:19:12.140 --> 00:19:12.660
 we cut

00:19:12.660 --> 00:19:13.480
 some flowers

00:19:13.480 --> 00:19:14.700
 and bring

00:19:14.700 --> 00:19:15.080
 them into

00:19:15.080 --> 00:19:15.680
 the sanctuary?

00:19:17.220 --> 00:19:17.700
 No one

00:19:17.700 --> 00:19:18.300
 ever before

00:19:18.300 --> 00:19:18.980
 had imagined

00:19:18.980 --> 00:19:19.380
 that you'd

00:19:19.380 --> 00:19:21.279
 have flowers

00:19:21.279 --> 00:19:21.720
 in church?

00:19:21.819 --> 00:19:22.279
 What a dumb

00:19:22.279 --> 00:19:22.759
 idea.

00:19:23.980 --> 00:19:24.359
 Flowers

00:19:24.359 --> 00:19:25.019
 outside,

00:19:25.160 --> 00:19:25.299
 right?

00:19:25.359 --> 00:19:25.500
 They're

00:19:25.500 --> 00:19:25.720
 growing

00:19:25.720 --> 00:19:26.160
 gardens.

00:19:26.940 --> 00:19:27.200
 Christians

00:19:27.200 --> 00:19:27.519
 don't think,

00:19:27.599 --> 00:19:28.000
 you know what,

00:19:28.240 --> 00:19:28.819
 why don't we

00:19:28.819 --> 00:19:29.799
 bring nature

00:19:29.799 --> 00:19:31.819
 into church?

00:19:33.460 --> 00:19:33.859
 We saw

00:19:33.859 --> 00:19:34.139
 of course

00:19:34.139 --> 00:19:34.639
 have windows

00:19:34.639 --> 00:19:35.099
 that were

00:19:35.099 --> 00:19:35.819
 stained glass

00:19:35.819 --> 00:19:36.299
 so we couldn't

00:19:36.299 --> 00:19:36.740
 actually see

00:19:36.740 --> 00:19:37.180
 the trees

00:19:37.180 --> 00:19:37.460
 that were

00:19:37.460 --> 00:19:37.720
 around the

00:19:37.720 --> 00:19:37.879
 door.

00:19:37.879 --> 00:19:38.819
 That aside,

00:19:38.980 --> 00:19:39.259
 we had

00:19:39.259 --> 00:19:39.799
 decided to

00:19:39.799 --> 00:19:40.160
 bring

00:19:40.160 --> 00:19:42.240
 cut flowers

00:19:42.240 --> 00:19:43.180
 into church.

00:19:44.180 --> 00:19:44.700
 Crazy.

00:19:44.700 --> 00:19:50.160
 the issues

00:19:50.160 --> 00:19:51.220
 for Christians

00:19:51.220 --> 00:19:52.180
 or the

00:19:52.180 --> 00:19:52.380
 gender

00:19:52.380 --> 00:19:52.900
 culture

00:19:52.900 --> 00:19:53.039
 of

00:19:53.039 --> 00:19:53.380
 Christians

00:19:53.380 --> 00:19:53.740
 as well

00:19:53.740 --> 00:19:53.940
 as

00:19:53.940 --> 00:19:54.799
 how

00:19:54.799 --> 00:19:55.279
 therefore

00:19:55.279 --> 00:19:55.700
 do we

00:19:55.700 --> 00:19:56.180
 create

00:19:56.180 --> 00:19:56.860
 unity?

00:19:58.160 --> 00:19:58.880
 Because the

00:19:58.880 --> 00:19:59.620
 romantic movement

00:19:59.620 --> 00:20:00.160
 is trying

00:20:00.160 --> 00:20:01.680
 to integrate.

00:20:02.819 --> 00:20:03.180
 And this

00:20:03.180 --> 00:20:03.700
 was a period

00:20:03.700 --> 00:20:04.240
 in which the

00:20:04.240 --> 00:20:04.940
 Evangelical

00:20:04.940 --> 00:20:05.620
 Alliance

00:20:05.620 --> 00:20:07.000
 was founded.

00:20:08.519 --> 00:20:09.140
 It was also

00:20:09.140 --> 00:20:09.559
 a period

00:20:09.559 --> 00:20:11.100
 when cultures

00:20:11.100 --> 00:20:12.500
 became increasingly

00:20:12.500 --> 00:20:13.759
 nationalistic

00:20:13.759 --> 00:20:15.180
 because

00:20:15.180 --> 00:20:16.079
 romanticism

00:20:16.079 --> 00:20:17.400
 spoke about

00:20:17.400 --> 00:20:18.500
 the importance

00:20:18.500 --> 00:20:19.279
 of the local

00:20:19.279 --> 00:20:21.099
 not the importance

00:20:21.099 --> 00:20:21.940
 of the universal.

00:20:23.420 --> 00:20:24.059
 And the local

00:20:24.059 --> 00:20:25.019
 was I'm a German

00:20:25.019 --> 00:20:26.000
 or I'm a German

00:20:26.000 --> 00:20:27.759
 or I'm a Pole.

00:20:28.259 --> 00:20:29.019
 Let's think

00:20:29.019 --> 00:20:29.759
 about how

00:20:29.759 --> 00:20:30.680
 our own

00:20:30.680 --> 00:20:31.700
 local culture

00:20:31.700 --> 00:20:32.880
 how we work

00:20:32.880 --> 00:20:33.380
 together

00:20:33.380 --> 00:20:34.200
 all together.

00:20:36.220 --> 00:20:36.740
 And it was

00:20:36.740 --> 00:20:37.259
 a period

00:20:37.259 --> 00:20:37.920
 in which people

00:20:37.920 --> 00:20:38.380
 were reacting

00:20:38.380 --> 00:20:39.380
 to science.

00:20:42.500 --> 00:20:43.119
 science

00:20:43.119 --> 00:20:43.859
 was both

00:20:43.859 --> 00:20:44.380
 answering

00:20:44.380 --> 00:20:45.480
 the impressions

00:20:45.480 --> 00:20:46.180
 but was also

00:20:46.180 --> 00:20:46.700
 creating

00:20:46.700 --> 00:20:47.759
 enormous

00:20:47.759 --> 00:20:48.779
 problems too.

00:20:50.940 --> 00:20:51.420
 Some of the

00:20:51.420 --> 00:20:52.039
 leaders of this

00:20:52.039 --> 00:20:52.339
 movement

00:20:52.339 --> 00:20:52.819
 you might have

00:20:52.819 --> 00:20:53.420
 heard their names

00:20:53.420 --> 00:20:53.819
 are

00:20:53.819 --> 00:20:55.299
 Jean-Charles Rousseau

00:20:55.299 --> 00:20:56.119
 the French

00:20:56.119 --> 00:20:57.759
 essayist

00:20:57.759 --> 00:20:59.400
 William Wordsworth

00:20:59.400 --> 00:21:00.319
 the English

00:21:00.319 --> 00:21:00.799
 poet

00:21:00.799 --> 00:21:01.180
 or

00:21:01.180 --> 00:21:02.039
 Richard Wagner

00:21:02.039 --> 00:21:02.720
 the German

00:21:02.720 --> 00:21:04.039
 composer.

00:21:07.019 --> 00:21:07.380
 Perhaps

00:21:07.380 --> 00:21:07.819
 you could put

00:21:07.819 --> 00:21:08.900
 Beethoven

00:21:08.900 --> 00:21:09.940
 on that list

00:21:09.940 --> 00:21:10.539
 as well.

00:21:10.539 --> 00:21:13.659
 Beethoven's

00:21:13.659 --> 00:21:14.000
 music

00:21:14.000 --> 00:21:14.240
 is

00:21:14.240 --> 00:21:15.099
 stormy

00:21:15.099 --> 00:21:16.980
 Beethoven's

00:21:16.980 --> 00:21:17.339
 music

00:21:17.339 --> 00:21:17.920
 involves

00:21:17.920 --> 00:21:19.079
 big orchestras

00:21:19.079 --> 00:21:20.059
 big sounds

00:21:20.059 --> 00:21:21.420
 this was a

00:21:21.420 --> 00:21:22.279
 perfect

00:21:22.279 --> 00:21:23.420
 way of capturing

00:21:23.420 --> 00:21:24.639
 what romanticism

00:21:24.639 --> 00:21:25.079
 is about.

00:21:26.980 --> 00:21:27.539
 And one of the

00:21:27.539 --> 00:21:27.839
 outcomes

00:21:27.839 --> 00:21:28.379
 I've given you

00:21:28.379 --> 00:21:28.799
 a couple of

00:21:28.799 --> 00:21:29.539
 tiny outcomes

00:21:29.539 --> 00:21:30.960
 that I was in

00:21:30.960 --> 00:21:31.299
 church

00:21:31.299 --> 00:21:32.279
 centre aisle

00:21:32.279 --> 00:21:32.799
 they want

00:21:32.799 --> 00:21:33.339
 a comfortable

00:21:33.339 --> 00:21:33.779
 seating

00:21:33.779 --> 00:21:34.379
 for example

00:21:34.379 --> 00:21:34.920
 these are all

00:21:34.920 --> 00:21:35.839
 kind of trivial

00:21:35.839 --> 00:21:36.420
 actually.

00:21:37.379 --> 00:21:38.079
 One of the

00:21:38.079 --> 00:21:39.419
 the more

00:21:39.419 --> 00:21:39.960
 significant

00:21:39.960 --> 00:21:40.619
 outcomes

00:21:40.619 --> 00:21:41.480
 was

00:21:41.480 --> 00:21:42.980
 the pursuit

00:21:42.980 --> 00:21:44.899
 of holiness

00:21:44.899 --> 00:21:46.679
 and the

00:21:46.679 --> 00:21:47.319
 establishment

00:21:47.319 --> 00:21:47.819
 or the

00:21:47.819 --> 00:21:48.279
 intervention

00:21:48.279 --> 00:21:49.599
 of holiness

00:21:49.599 --> 00:21:50.279
 churches.

00:21:53.879 --> 00:21:54.799
 You wanted

00:21:54.799 --> 00:21:55.379
 to be one

00:21:55.379 --> 00:21:55.679
 with your

00:21:55.679 --> 00:21:55.980
 world

00:21:55.980 --> 00:21:56.379
 that was

00:21:56.379 --> 00:21:56.960
 fair enough

00:21:56.960 --> 00:21:57.220
 right?

00:21:58.339 --> 00:21:58.819
 You wanted

00:21:58.819 --> 00:21:59.619
 to be integrated

00:21:59.619 --> 00:22:00.220
 and for your

00:22:00.220 --> 00:22:00.699
 experience

00:22:00.699 --> 00:22:01.179
 not to be

00:22:01.179 --> 00:22:01.779
 chopped up.

00:22:01.779 --> 00:22:03.379
 However

00:22:03.379 --> 00:22:04.680
 how are

00:22:04.680 --> 00:22:05.019
 Christians

00:22:05.019 --> 00:22:05.740
 going to

00:22:05.740 --> 00:22:07.559
 stand apart

00:22:07.559 --> 00:22:08.039
 from the

00:22:08.039 --> 00:22:08.480
 world

00:22:08.480 --> 00:22:10.200
 at the

00:22:10.200 --> 00:22:10.859
 same time

00:22:10.859 --> 00:22:11.259
 that they

00:22:11.259 --> 00:22:11.700
 were trying

00:22:11.700 --> 00:22:12.119
 to find

00:22:12.119 --> 00:22:12.779
 integration

00:22:12.779 --> 00:22:13.859
 within the

00:22:13.859 --> 00:22:14.240
 world?

00:22:15.200 --> 00:22:15.899
 And they

00:22:15.899 --> 00:22:16.759
 used the

00:22:16.759 --> 00:22:17.539
 categories of

00:22:17.539 --> 00:22:17.960
 holiness

00:22:17.960 --> 00:22:19.379
 and holiness

00:22:19.379 --> 00:22:19.879
 churches

00:22:19.879 --> 00:22:21.039
 to do that.

00:22:21.119 --> 00:22:21.599
 It's a

00:22:21.599 --> 00:22:22.519
 uniquely

00:22:22.519 --> 00:22:23.759
 mid-19th

00:22:23.759 --> 00:22:24.519
 century thing.

00:22:25.180 --> 00:22:25.539
 We did

00:22:25.539 --> 00:22:25.819
 have them

00:22:25.819 --> 00:22:26.180
 in Australia

00:22:26.180 --> 00:22:26.859
 but they

00:22:26.859 --> 00:22:27.720
 hardly exist

00:22:27.720 --> 00:22:28.299
 anymore

00:22:28.299 --> 00:22:29.579
 in Australia

00:22:29.579 --> 00:22:31.919
 but they

00:22:31.919 --> 00:22:32.279
 do I

00:22:32.279 --> 00:22:32.759
 think to

00:22:32.759 --> 00:22:33.779
 a more

00:22:33.779 --> 00:22:34.059
 significant

00:22:34.059 --> 00:22:34.519
 degree

00:22:34.519 --> 00:22:34.879
 in the

00:22:34.879 --> 00:22:35.240
 US.

00:22:36.699 --> 00:22:37.099
 This was

00:22:37.099 --> 00:22:37.500
 a time

00:22:37.500 --> 00:22:37.819
 when

00:22:37.819 --> 00:22:38.639
 Christians

00:22:38.639 --> 00:22:39.159
 started

00:22:39.159 --> 00:22:40.000
 valuing

00:22:40.000 --> 00:22:40.519
 nature

00:22:40.519 --> 00:22:43.359
 more

00:22:43.359 --> 00:22:44.480
 and often

00:22:44.480 --> 00:22:45.259
 therefore

00:22:45.259 --> 00:22:45.839
 decided

00:22:45.839 --> 00:22:47.059
 to organise

00:22:47.059 --> 00:22:47.899
 conferences

00:22:47.899 --> 00:22:48.379
 Bible

00:22:48.379 --> 00:22:48.919
 conferences

00:22:48.919 --> 00:22:50.939
 either

00:22:50.939 --> 00:22:51.460
 near the

00:22:51.460 --> 00:22:51.960
 beach

00:22:51.960 --> 00:22:53.419
 or in

00:22:53.419 --> 00:22:53.579
 the

00:22:53.579 --> 00:22:54.079
 mountains.

00:22:55.240 --> 00:22:55.839
 You might

00:22:55.839 --> 00:22:56.079
 know

00:22:56.079 --> 00:22:56.419
 I don't

00:22:56.419 --> 00:22:56.759
 know

00:22:56.759 --> 00:22:57.359
 locally

00:22:57.359 --> 00:22:57.799
 the

00:22:57.799 --> 00:22:58.339
 equivalent

00:22:58.339 --> 00:22:58.740
 camp

00:22:58.740 --> 00:22:59.220
 sites

00:22:59.220 --> 00:23:00.140
 that

00:23:00.140 --> 00:23:01.220
 you might

00:23:01.220 --> 00:23:01.680
 head to.

00:23:01.799 --> 00:23:02.059
 I think

00:23:02.059 --> 00:23:02.880
 there's a

00:23:02.880 --> 00:23:03.339
 place in

00:23:03.339 --> 00:23:03.600
 New Jersey

00:23:03.600 --> 00:23:03.900
 called

00:23:03.900 --> 00:23:04.680
 Ocean Grove

00:23:04.680 --> 00:23:06.559
 where the

00:23:06.559 --> 00:23:07.079
 Methodists

00:23:07.079 --> 00:23:10.140
 who headed

00:23:10.140 --> 00:23:10.620
 down to

00:23:10.620 --> 00:23:10.900
 their

00:23:10.900 --> 00:23:11.240
 summer

00:23:11.240 --> 00:23:11.720
 conferences

00:23:11.720 --> 00:23:12.019
 and so

00:23:12.019 --> 00:23:12.220
 we've

00:23:12.220 --> 00:23:12.519
 got them

00:23:12.519 --> 00:23:12.980
 all over

00:23:12.980 --> 00:23:13.380
 Australia

00:23:13.380 --> 00:23:13.700
 loads.

00:23:13.940 --> 00:23:14.120
 In fact

00:23:14.120 --> 00:23:14.920
 there's a

00:23:14.920 --> 00:23:15.759
 town in

00:23:15.759 --> 00:23:16.140
 Victoria

00:23:16.140 --> 00:23:16.500
 where I'm

00:23:16.500 --> 00:23:16.680
 from

00:23:16.680 --> 00:23:16.940
 called

00:23:16.940 --> 00:23:17.720
 Ocean Grove

00:23:17.720 --> 00:23:18.380
 some

00:23:18.380 --> 00:23:18.880
 American

00:23:18.880 --> 00:23:19.480
 missionaries

00:23:19.480 --> 00:23:20.019
 from Ocean

00:23:20.019 --> 00:23:20.259
 Grove

00:23:20.259 --> 00:23:20.559
 in New

00:23:20.559 --> 00:23:20.839
 Jersey

00:23:20.839 --> 00:23:21.279
 decided

00:23:21.279 --> 00:23:21.680
 that we

00:23:21.680 --> 00:23:22.000
 had to

00:23:22.000 --> 00:23:22.259
 have

00:23:22.259 --> 00:23:22.539
 an

00:23:22.539 --> 00:23:22.860
 equivalent

00:23:22.860 --> 00:23:23.240
 Ocean

00:23:23.240 --> 00:23:23.559
 Grove

00:23:23.559 --> 00:23:23.779
 in

00:23:23.779 --> 00:23:24.100
 Melbourne

00:23:24.100 --> 00:23:24.860
 and so

00:23:24.860 --> 00:23:24.980
 they

00:23:24.980 --> 00:23:25.380
 came and

00:23:25.380 --> 00:23:25.539
 bought

00:23:25.539 --> 00:23:26.059
 the land

00:23:26.059 --> 00:23:26.360
 and they

00:23:26.360 --> 00:23:26.559
 said

00:23:26.559 --> 00:23:26.720
 it was

00:23:26.720 --> 00:23:26.960
 a big

00:23:26.960 --> 00:23:27.319
 conference

00:23:27.319 --> 00:23:27.559
 centre

00:23:27.559 --> 00:23:27.920
 and so

00:23:27.920 --> 00:23:28.140
 on.

00:23:28.140 --> 00:23:29.040
 It lasted

00:23:29.040 --> 00:23:30.160
 not real

00:23:30.160 --> 00:23:30.600
 long

00:23:30.600 --> 00:23:32.820
 but it's

00:23:32.820 --> 00:23:32.980
 still

00:23:32.980 --> 00:23:33.300
 interesting

00:23:33.300 --> 00:23:33.900
 that the

00:23:33.900 --> 00:23:34.320
 churches

00:23:34.320 --> 00:23:34.960
 in town

00:23:34.960 --> 00:23:35.620
 own most

00:23:35.620 --> 00:23:35.960
 of the

00:23:35.960 --> 00:23:36.340
 public

00:23:36.340 --> 00:23:37.200
 spaces.

00:23:40.560 --> 00:23:41.120
 Of course

00:23:41.120 --> 00:23:43.180
 Moody

00:23:43.180 --> 00:23:45.120
 began his

00:23:45.120 --> 00:23:45.840
 conference

00:23:45.840 --> 00:23:46.440
 ministry

00:23:46.440 --> 00:23:48.120
 in Northfield,

00:23:48.500 --> 00:23:49.120
 Massachusetts.

00:23:49.119 --> 00:23:54.579
 where you

00:23:54.579 --> 00:23:55.239
 could be

00:23:55.239 --> 00:23:55.859
 close to

00:23:55.859 --> 00:23:55.979
 the

00:23:55.979 --> 00:23:56.319
 Lord,

00:23:56.439 --> 00:23:56.699
 it was

00:23:56.699 --> 00:23:57.159
 argued

00:23:57.159 --> 00:23:58.419
 if you

00:23:58.419 --> 00:23:58.799
 were in

00:23:58.799 --> 00:23:59.319
 nature

00:23:59.319 --> 00:24:00.239
 than if

00:24:00.239 --> 00:24:00.439
 you were

00:24:00.439 --> 00:24:00.639
 in the

00:24:00.639 --> 00:24:00.919
 city.

00:24:02.279 --> 00:24:02.739
 Which

00:24:02.739 --> 00:24:03.239
 theologically

00:24:03.239 --> 00:24:03.619
 is of

00:24:03.619 --> 00:24:03.779
 course

00:24:03.779 --> 00:24:04.119
 completely

00:24:04.119 --> 00:24:04.500
 done.

00:24:05.959 --> 00:24:09.500
 I kind

00:24:09.500 --> 00:24:09.959
 of get

00:24:09.959 --> 00:24:10.259
 the

00:24:10.259 --> 00:24:10.919
 impulse

00:24:10.920 --> 00:24:13.019
 impulse

00:24:13.019 --> 00:24:14.880
 that somehow

00:24:14.880 --> 00:24:15.960
 withdrawing

00:24:15.960 --> 00:24:16.400
 from your

00:24:16.400 --> 00:24:16.800
 work of

00:24:16.800 --> 00:24:17.440
 that world

00:24:17.440 --> 00:24:19.400
 and walking

00:24:19.400 --> 00:24:21.440
 praying as

00:24:21.440 --> 00:24:21.840
 you walk

00:24:21.840 --> 00:24:22.320
 through the

00:24:22.320 --> 00:24:23.039
 trees or

00:24:23.039 --> 00:24:23.440
 as you

00:24:23.440 --> 00:24:24.680
 sit on

00:24:24.680 --> 00:24:25.120
 the beach

00:24:25.120 --> 00:24:25.539
 perhaps

00:24:25.539 --> 00:24:25.940
 perhaps

00:24:25.940 --> 00:24:29.279
 can be a

00:24:29.279 --> 00:24:29.960
 different way

00:24:29.960 --> 00:24:30.900
 of configuring

00:24:30.900 --> 00:24:31.620
 what it means

00:24:31.620 --> 00:24:32.080
 that you have

00:24:32.080 --> 00:24:32.720
 a personal

00:24:32.720 --> 00:24:34.380
 place to walk

00:24:34.380 --> 00:24:34.680
 with the

00:24:34.680 --> 00:24:34.980
 Lord.

00:24:37.420 --> 00:24:37.920
 Let me

00:24:37.920 --> 00:24:38.420
 pause then

00:24:38.420 --> 00:24:38.940
 and hear

00:24:38.940 --> 00:24:39.160
 if you have

00:24:39.160 --> 00:24:41.340
 any

00:24:41.340 --> 00:24:41.779
 questions.

00:24:41.779 --> 00:24:42.300
 Yes,

00:24:42.300 --> 00:24:43.279
 I have a

00:24:43.279 --> 00:24:43.880
 comment about

00:24:43.880 --> 00:24:44.360
 your nature.

00:24:45.420 --> 00:24:46.279
 It's true that

00:24:46.279 --> 00:24:47.080
 theologically it

00:24:47.080 --> 00:24:47.600
 doesn't make

00:24:47.600 --> 00:24:48.160
 any difference

00:24:48.160 --> 00:24:48.980
 but I think

00:24:48.980 --> 00:24:49.840
 that the idea

00:24:49.840 --> 00:24:50.759
 for me anyway

00:24:50.759 --> 00:24:51.740
 is when you're

00:24:51.740 --> 00:24:52.240
 in nature

00:24:52.240 --> 00:24:53.120
 you're looking

00:24:53.120 --> 00:24:53.740
 around and

00:24:53.740 --> 00:24:54.180
 seeing all

00:24:54.180 --> 00:24:54.500
 the stuff

00:24:54.500 --> 00:24:54.800
 that God

00:24:54.800 --> 00:24:55.160
 created.

00:24:55.519 --> 00:24:56.120
 Whereas

00:24:56.120 --> 00:24:56.960
 we're sitting

00:24:56.960 --> 00:24:57.400
 right here

00:24:57.400 --> 00:24:57.820
 we're looking

00:24:57.820 --> 00:24:58.040
 and we're

00:24:58.040 --> 00:24:58.680
 seeing buildings

00:24:58.680 --> 00:24:59.200
 that man

00:24:59.200 --> 00:24:59.600
 has built.

00:24:59.720 --> 00:24:59.960
 Yes,

00:24:59.960 --> 00:25:00.259
 yes,

00:25:00.259 --> 00:25:00.580
 yes.

00:25:00.620 --> 00:25:01.580
 So let's

00:25:01.580 --> 00:25:01.920
 see this.

00:25:02.100 --> 00:25:02.380
 Yeah,

00:25:02.480 --> 00:25:02.700
 sure.

00:25:03.180 --> 00:25:03.320
 Yeah,

00:25:03.440 --> 00:25:03.600
 yeah.

00:25:04.720 --> 00:25:04.960
 Yeah,

00:25:04.960 --> 00:25:05.259
 of course

00:25:05.259 --> 00:25:05.700
 that's right.

00:25:07.380 --> 00:25:07.700
 Yes,

00:25:07.800 --> 00:25:07.920
 sir.

00:25:07.920 --> 00:25:09.960
 I wonder

00:25:09.960 --> 00:25:10.560
 if there's

00:25:10.560 --> 00:25:11.140
 a similar

00:25:11.140 --> 00:25:12.960
 sense

00:25:12.960 --> 00:25:14.860
 of motivation

00:25:14.860 --> 00:25:16.920
 as monasticism

00:25:16.920 --> 00:25:18.840
 in earlier

00:25:18.840 --> 00:25:19.420
 periods

00:25:19.420 --> 00:25:19.759
 of the

00:25:19.759 --> 00:25:20.100
 church

00:25:20.100 --> 00:25:21.880
 withdrawing

00:25:21.880 --> 00:25:22.340
 from

00:25:22.340 --> 00:25:24.720
 temptation

00:25:24.720 --> 00:25:26.039
 of sinful

00:25:26.039 --> 00:25:26.500
 others

00:25:26.500 --> 00:25:28.640
 and isolating

00:25:28.640 --> 00:25:29.200
 oneself

00:25:29.200 --> 00:25:29.580
 to one

00:25:29.580 --> 00:25:29.740
 who

00:25:29.740 --> 00:25:29.940
 is

00:25:29.940 --> 00:25:30.340
 biblical

00:25:30.340 --> 00:25:30.740
 God.

00:25:30.740 --> 00:25:31.160
 Yeah,

00:25:31.300 --> 00:25:31.480
 I think

00:25:31.480 --> 00:25:31.660
 that's

00:25:31.660 --> 00:25:31.860
 what we

00:25:31.860 --> 00:25:32.080
 try.

00:25:32.539 --> 00:25:32.680
 Yeah.

00:25:32.680 --> 00:25:38.400
 I think

00:25:38.400 --> 00:25:38.580
 that's

00:25:38.580 --> 00:25:38.940
 exactly

00:25:38.940 --> 00:25:39.299
 right.

00:25:40.279 --> 00:25:40.740
 There'd

00:25:40.740 --> 00:25:41.019
 been a

00:25:41.019 --> 00:25:41.299
 longest

00:25:41.299 --> 00:25:41.779
 period

00:25:41.779 --> 00:25:42.100
 in

00:25:42.100 --> 00:25:42.380
 churches

00:25:42.380 --> 00:25:42.980
 where

00:25:42.980 --> 00:25:43.539
 there

00:25:43.539 --> 00:25:43.900
 hadn't

00:25:43.900 --> 00:25:44.220
 been the

00:25:44.220 --> 00:25:44.360
 case.

00:25:44.480 --> 00:25:44.740
 Something

00:25:44.740 --> 00:25:45.320
 new was

00:25:45.320 --> 00:25:45.940
 provoked

00:25:45.940 --> 00:25:47.120
 in the

00:25:47.120 --> 00:25:47.640
 19th

00:25:47.640 --> 00:25:48.019
 century

00:25:48.019 --> 00:25:48.980
 that gave

00:25:48.980 --> 00:25:49.400
 them this

00:25:49.400 --> 00:25:49.840
 trigger

00:25:49.840 --> 00:25:53.440
 to withdraw

00:25:53.440 --> 00:25:54.920
 because it

00:25:54.920 --> 00:25:55.220
 hadn't been

00:25:55.220 --> 00:25:55.740
 the case.

00:25:56.000 --> 00:25:56.200
 Well,

00:25:56.319 --> 00:25:56.799
 100 years

00:25:56.799 --> 00:25:57.220
 before that

00:25:57.220 --> 00:25:57.660
 everyone was

00:25:57.660 --> 00:25:58.039
 living in the

00:25:58.039 --> 00:25:58.299
 country.

00:26:00.700 --> 00:26:01.799
 So you

00:26:01.799 --> 00:26:02.100
 can only

00:26:02.100 --> 00:26:02.440
 have a

00:26:02.440 --> 00:26:03.019
 withdrawal to

00:26:03.019 --> 00:26:03.440
 the country

00:26:03.440 --> 00:26:03.960
 when there's

00:26:03.960 --> 00:26:04.380
 need to

00:26:04.380 --> 00:26:04.779
 withdraw

00:26:04.779 --> 00:26:05.299
 from.

00:26:08.559 --> 00:26:09.200
 What are

00:26:09.200 --> 00:26:09.700
 all these

00:26:09.700 --> 00:26:10.039
 churches?

00:26:10.039 --> 00:26:10.659
 Oh,

00:26:10.759 --> 00:26:10.960
 okay,

00:26:11.059 --> 00:26:11.379
 I thought

00:26:11.379 --> 00:26:11.779
 everyone

00:26:11.779 --> 00:26:12.099
 gave us

00:26:12.099 --> 00:26:12.299
 the wrong

00:26:12.299 --> 00:26:12.500
 one.

00:26:12.659 --> 00:26:12.859
 But that

00:26:12.859 --> 00:26:13.019
 is

00:26:13.019 --> 00:26:15.099
 a good

00:26:15.099 --> 00:26:15.859
 question.

00:26:15.859 --> 00:26:16.460
 Yes,

00:26:17.779 --> 00:26:19.279
 so that's

00:26:19.279 --> 00:26:19.440
 a good

00:26:19.440 --> 00:26:19.859
 question.

00:26:20.319 --> 00:26:21.000
 They often

00:26:21.000 --> 00:26:24.180
 have the

00:26:24.180 --> 00:26:24.799
 language of

00:26:24.799 --> 00:26:25.559
 higher,

00:26:25.680 --> 00:26:26.819
 higher life

00:26:26.819 --> 00:26:27.899
 in their

00:26:27.899 --> 00:26:28.460
 label.

00:26:29.680 --> 00:26:29.879
 Now,

00:26:30.000 --> 00:26:30.259
 I think

00:26:30.259 --> 00:26:30.519
 the

00:26:30.519 --> 00:26:32.079
 Camberlite

00:26:32.079 --> 00:26:32.619
 churches

00:26:32.619 --> 00:26:33.319
 or the

00:26:33.319 --> 00:26:33.779
 Disciples

00:26:33.779 --> 00:26:34.539
 of Christ

00:26:34.539 --> 00:26:36.159
 are both

00:26:36.159 --> 00:26:36.940
 Holman's

00:26:36.940 --> 00:26:37.379
 church

00:26:37.379 --> 00:26:38.259
 movements

00:26:38.259 --> 00:26:38.659
 in the

00:26:38.659 --> 00:26:39.099
 US.

00:26:39.099 --> 00:26:40.439
 Nazarenes.

00:26:40.539 --> 00:26:40.699
 The

00:26:40.699 --> 00:26:41.159
 Nazarenes,

00:26:41.219 --> 00:26:41.599
 thank you.

00:26:41.659 --> 00:26:41.799
 Yes,

00:26:41.879 --> 00:26:43.079
 they don't

00:26:43.079 --> 00:26:43.559
 exist in

00:26:43.559 --> 00:26:43.919
 Australia.

00:26:45.099 --> 00:26:45.699
 Correct,

00:26:46.019 --> 00:26:46.179
 yep.

00:26:46.819 --> 00:26:47.159
 The

00:26:47.159 --> 00:26:47.699
 Salvation

00:26:47.699 --> 00:26:48.599
 Army is

00:26:48.599 --> 00:26:49.500
 a

00:26:49.500 --> 00:26:50.119
 Mormon's

00:26:50.119 --> 00:26:50.559
 church.

00:26:51.699 --> 00:26:52.339
 And the

00:26:52.339 --> 00:26:52.799
 Holy Church

00:26:52.799 --> 00:26:53.399
 in the US

00:26:53.399 --> 00:26:55.699
 grew strongly

00:26:55.699 --> 00:26:56.879
 after the

00:26:56.879 --> 00:26:57.639
 Civil War

00:26:57.639 --> 00:26:58.899
 where the

00:26:58.899 --> 00:26:59.480
 Civil War

00:26:59.480 --> 00:27:00.139
 divided.

00:27:00.859 --> 00:27:01.259
 Holiness

00:27:01.259 --> 00:27:01.659
 churches

00:27:01.659 --> 00:27:02.359
 tried to

00:27:02.359 --> 00:27:03.000
 talk up

00:27:03.000 --> 00:27:03.559
 our

00:27:03.559 --> 00:27:04.379
 unity and

00:27:04.379 --> 00:27:05.000
 holiness

00:27:05.000 --> 00:27:05.899
 with

00:27:05.899 --> 00:27:06.439
 whatever

00:27:06.439 --> 00:27:06.719
 your

00:27:06.719 --> 00:27:07.259
 politics,

00:27:07.439 --> 00:27:07.639
 whatever

00:27:07.639 --> 00:27:08.099
 your

00:27:08.099 --> 00:27:09.980
 life.

00:27:09.980 --> 00:27:10.939
 Thank you.

00:27:11.500 --> 00:27:12.579
 I can't

00:27:12.579 --> 00:27:13.199
 assume too

00:27:13.199 --> 00:27:13.459
 much.

00:27:13.819 --> 00:27:14.279
 It wasn't

00:27:14.279 --> 00:27:14.559
 a very

00:27:14.559 --> 00:27:14.719
 good

00:27:14.719 --> 00:27:15.119
 ordinance.

00:27:17.119 --> 00:27:17.879
 Yes,

00:27:17.939 --> 00:27:18.019
 sir?

00:27:18.139 --> 00:27:18.379
 So,

00:27:18.719 --> 00:27:19.359
 as the

00:27:19.359 --> 00:27:19.819
 Romantic

00:27:19.819 --> 00:27:20.519
 period was

00:27:20.519 --> 00:27:21.379
 beginning to

00:27:21.379 --> 00:27:21.899
 wane,

00:27:22.659 --> 00:27:23.679
 it seems

00:27:23.679 --> 00:27:24.619
 the

00:27:24.619 --> 00:27:25.539
 rationalists

00:27:25.539 --> 00:27:26.419
 that last

00:27:26.419 --> 00:27:27.399
 laughed when

00:27:27.399 --> 00:27:28.399
 Darwin published

00:27:28.399 --> 00:27:29.240
 his book in

00:27:29.240 --> 00:27:30.279
 1859.

00:27:31.959 --> 00:27:32.519
 Then,

00:27:33.079 --> 00:27:33.939
 because that

00:27:33.939 --> 00:27:34.740
 is purely a

00:27:34.740 --> 00:27:35.259
 book of the

00:27:35.259 --> 00:27:35.659
 mind,

00:27:35.660 --> 00:27:37.420
 book of

00:27:37.420 --> 00:27:37.860
 I might

00:27:37.860 --> 00:27:38.560
 qualify that.

00:27:38.660 --> 00:27:38.820
 Yeah.

00:27:39.019 --> 00:27:39.160
 Yeah.

00:27:40.440 --> 00:27:40.900
 Yeah.

00:27:41.060 --> 00:27:42.460
 I'm most

00:27:42.460 --> 00:27:42.900
 willing to

00:27:42.900 --> 00:27:43.340
 hear that

00:27:43.340 --> 00:27:43.920
 qualification.

00:27:44.440 --> 00:27:45.820
 But it

00:27:45.820 --> 00:27:46.600
 seems to me

00:27:46.600 --> 00:27:47.620
 that that

00:27:47.620 --> 00:27:48.480
 then provides

00:27:48.480 --> 00:27:49.540
 the underpinning

00:27:49.540 --> 00:27:50.900
 for how

00:27:50.900 --> 00:27:51.440
 shall we

00:27:51.440 --> 00:27:52.080
 regard

00:27:52.080 --> 00:27:54.140
 the now

00:27:54.140 --> 00:27:55.140
 burgeoning

00:27:55.140 --> 00:27:55.940
 industrial

00:27:55.940 --> 00:27:56.700
 revolution

00:27:56.700 --> 00:27:58.620
 from the

00:27:58.620 --> 00:28:00.279
 mid-19th

00:28:00.279 --> 00:28:00.620
 century

00:28:00.620 --> 00:28:00.840
 on.

00:28:00.839 --> 00:28:01.159
 how

00:28:01.159 --> 00:28:01.459
 shall

00:28:01.459 --> 00:28:01.639
 we

00:28:01.639 --> 00:28:02.099
 regard

00:28:02.099 --> 00:28:02.500
 that

00:28:02.500 --> 00:28:03.459
 with

00:28:03.459 --> 00:28:03.919
 regard

00:28:03.919 --> 00:28:04.319
 to

00:28:04.319 --> 00:28:05.319
 culture

00:28:05.319 --> 00:28:05.500
 and

00:28:05.500 --> 00:28:06.119
 humanity

00:28:06.119 --> 00:28:06.639
 and

00:28:06.639 --> 00:28:06.779
 the

00:28:06.779 --> 00:28:07.240
 environment

00:28:07.240 --> 00:28:07.639
 and so

00:28:07.639 --> 00:28:07.939
 forth.

00:28:08.299 --> 00:28:08.319
 Well,

00:28:08.879 --> 00:28:09.659
 it's man

00:28:09.659 --> 00:28:11.179
 in Darwinism,

00:28:11.299 --> 00:28:11.779
 it's man

00:28:11.779 --> 00:28:12.819
 against the

00:28:12.819 --> 00:28:13.299
 environment.

00:28:14.419 --> 00:28:15.039
 It's man

00:28:15.039 --> 00:28:16.819
 against all

00:28:16.819 --> 00:28:17.779
 that would

00:28:17.779 --> 00:28:18.339
 come against

00:28:18.339 --> 00:28:18.939
 the mind.

00:28:19.659 --> 00:28:20.019
 Yes and

00:28:20.019 --> 00:28:20.359
 no.

00:28:21.199 --> 00:28:21.419
 So,

00:28:21.559 --> 00:28:21.919
 Darwin,

00:28:22.579 --> 00:28:22.899
 I don't

00:28:22.899 --> 00:28:23.139
 have to

00:28:23.139 --> 00:28:23.799
 drink this,

00:28:24.439 --> 00:28:25.159
 evolution.

00:28:25.160 --> 00:28:30.460
 Stresses

00:28:30.460 --> 00:28:31.840
 natural,

00:28:32.700 --> 00:28:33.400
 slow,

00:28:34.040 --> 00:28:34.740
 organic

00:28:34.740 --> 00:28:35.640
 processes.

00:28:37.080 --> 00:28:37.360
 So,

00:28:37.480 --> 00:28:37.820
 in lots

00:28:37.820 --> 00:28:38.540
 of ways,

00:28:38.840 --> 00:28:39.240
 Darwin

00:28:39.240 --> 00:28:39.779
 was the

00:28:39.779 --> 00:28:41.460
 result or

00:28:41.460 --> 00:28:42.840
 sat comfortably

00:28:42.840 --> 00:28:43.420
 within the

00:28:43.420 --> 00:28:43.920
 romantic

00:28:43.920 --> 00:28:45.460
 movement because

00:28:45.460 --> 00:28:45.980
 he's doing

00:28:45.980 --> 00:28:46.460
 the opposite

00:28:46.460 --> 00:28:47.060
 of seeing

00:28:47.060 --> 00:28:47.759
 nature as

00:28:47.759 --> 00:28:48.320
 a machine.

00:28:49.640 --> 00:28:50.040
 He's

00:28:50.040 --> 00:28:51.380
 speaking about

00:28:51.380 --> 00:28:52.700
 the slow,

00:28:53.320 --> 00:28:53.980
 minuscule

00:28:53.980 --> 00:28:54.560
 change of

00:28:54.559 --> 00:28:55.159
 over

00:28:55.159 --> 00:28:55.579
 kind of

00:28:55.579 --> 00:28:56.059
 resumption

00:28:56.059 --> 00:28:56.399
 over the

00:28:56.399 --> 00:28:56.779
 years.

00:28:57.539 --> 00:28:57.799
 So,

00:28:57.919 --> 00:28:58.159
 his

00:28:58.159 --> 00:28:59.319
 worldview

00:28:59.319 --> 00:29:00.559
 sat

00:29:00.559 --> 00:29:01.339
 comfortably

00:29:01.339 --> 00:29:02.000
 within the

00:29:02.000 --> 00:29:02.519
 romantic

00:29:02.519 --> 00:29:02.879
 movement.

00:29:03.000 --> 00:29:03.139
 Now,

00:29:03.220 --> 00:29:03.419
 of course,

00:29:03.440 --> 00:29:03.599
 he was

00:29:03.599 --> 00:29:04.000
 writing a

00:29:04.000 --> 00:29:04.220
 book,

00:29:04.460 --> 00:29:04.679
 so it

00:29:04.679 --> 00:29:05.059
 appeals to

00:29:05.059 --> 00:29:05.179
 the

00:29:05.179 --> 00:29:05.440
 mind,

00:29:05.740 --> 00:29:06.139
 of course,

00:29:06.240 --> 00:29:06.379
 right?

00:29:06.460 --> 00:29:07.019
 He's not

00:29:07.019 --> 00:29:08.460
 anti-rational,

00:29:09.259 --> 00:29:11.200
 but his

00:29:11.200 --> 00:29:12.919
 observations

00:29:12.919 --> 00:29:13.980
 on how

00:29:13.980 --> 00:29:14.740
 it works,

00:29:14.799 --> 00:29:15.079
 whether you

00:29:15.079 --> 00:29:15.440
 agree with

00:29:15.440 --> 00:29:15.940
 it or not,

00:29:16.379 --> 00:29:16.659
 were

00:29:16.659 --> 00:29:17.460
 observations

00:29:17.460 --> 00:29:17.859
 which

00:29:17.859 --> 00:29:18.799
 described

00:29:18.799 --> 00:29:19.720
 slow

00:29:19.720 --> 00:29:20.460
 change

00:29:20.460 --> 00:29:21.279
 rather

00:29:21.279 --> 00:29:21.519
 than

00:29:21.519 --> 00:29:22.299
 revolutionary

00:29:22.299 --> 00:29:22.960
 change.

00:29:23.960 --> 00:29:24.519
 Revolutionary

00:29:24.519 --> 00:29:25.339
 could change

00:29:25.339 --> 00:29:25.879
 was something

00:29:25.879 --> 00:29:26.279
 that the

00:29:26.279 --> 00:29:26.720
 environment

00:29:26.720 --> 00:29:27.299
 had kind

00:29:27.299 --> 00:29:27.759
 of sponsored,

00:29:28.639 --> 00:29:29.139
 but romantic

00:29:29.139 --> 00:29:29.819
 had sponsored

00:29:29.819 --> 00:29:30.759
 a kind

00:29:30.759 --> 00:29:31.180
 of slow,

00:29:31.339 --> 00:29:31.879
 a slow

00:29:31.879 --> 00:29:32.680
 or gradual

00:29:32.680 --> 00:29:33.220
 change.

00:29:34.799 --> 00:29:35.180
 And I

00:29:35.180 --> 00:29:35.660
 think romantic

00:29:35.660 --> 00:29:36.200
 is still

00:29:36.200 --> 00:29:36.539
 with us

00:29:36.539 --> 00:29:36.859
 the same

00:29:36.859 --> 00:29:37.039
 thing.

00:29:39.259 --> 00:29:39.859
 Well,

00:29:40.039 --> 00:29:40.539
 so the

00:29:40.539 --> 00:29:41.139
 symbol for

00:29:41.139 --> 00:29:41.799
 normalism

00:29:41.799 --> 00:29:42.500
 is the

00:29:42.500 --> 00:29:42.839
 tree.

00:29:43.579 --> 00:29:43.920
 I would

00:29:43.920 --> 00:29:44.200
 imagine

00:29:44.200 --> 00:29:44.440
 that's

00:29:44.440 --> 00:29:44.639
 right,

00:29:44.759 --> 00:29:44.920
 yeah,

00:29:45.319 --> 00:29:45.819
 or the

00:29:45.819 --> 00:29:46.799
 finch or

00:29:46.799 --> 00:29:47.099
 something.

00:29:47.619 --> 00:29:49.480
 So I

00:29:49.480 --> 00:29:49.879
 don't mean

00:29:49.879 --> 00:29:50.559
 that they're

00:29:50.559 --> 00:29:51.019
 organic

00:29:51.019 --> 00:29:51.279
 trees,

00:29:51.400 --> 00:29:51.720
 I mean

00:29:51.720 --> 00:29:52.259
 the

00:29:52.259 --> 00:29:52.920
 evolutionary

00:29:52.920 --> 00:29:53.539
 tree.

00:29:53.539 --> 00:29:53.980
 Oh,

00:29:54.039 --> 00:29:54.379
 although

00:29:54.379 --> 00:29:55.000
 it works

00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:55.319
 by the

00:29:55.319 --> 00:29:55.619
 legs.

00:29:55.720 --> 00:29:55.920
 That's

00:29:55.920 --> 00:29:56.099
 it.

00:29:58.899 --> 00:29:59.339
 I'm

00:29:59.339 --> 00:30:00.420
 fascinated

00:30:00.420 --> 00:30:00.839
 by some

00:30:00.839 --> 00:30:01.059
 of these

00:30:01.059 --> 00:30:01.359
 changes,

00:30:01.500 --> 00:30:01.799
 especially

00:30:01.799 --> 00:30:02.200
 regarding

00:30:02.200 --> 00:30:02.599
 nature,

00:30:02.700 --> 00:30:03.200
 being nature

00:30:03.200 --> 00:30:03.460
 in a

00:30:03.460 --> 00:30:03.759
 church,

00:30:03.960 --> 00:30:04.299
 things like

00:30:04.299 --> 00:30:04.480
 that.

00:30:04.559 --> 00:30:04.720
 How,

00:30:05.200 --> 00:30:05.819
 in general,

00:30:06.000 --> 00:30:06.139
 I don't

00:30:06.139 --> 00:30:06.379
 know if

00:30:06.379 --> 00:30:06.680
 you can

00:30:06.680 --> 00:30:07.420
 speak to

00:30:07.420 --> 00:30:07.619
 this,

00:30:07.700 --> 00:30:08.019
 it's too

00:30:08.019 --> 00:30:08.440
 vague of a

00:30:08.440 --> 00:30:08.740
 question,

00:30:08.899 --> 00:30:09.659
 but how

00:30:09.659 --> 00:30:11.240
 conscious were

00:30:11.240 --> 00:30:12.460
 theologians

00:30:12.460 --> 00:30:13.079
 of this

00:30:13.079 --> 00:30:13.359
 shift?

00:30:13.480 --> 00:30:13.579
 I mean,

00:30:13.599 --> 00:30:13.819
 were they

00:30:13.819 --> 00:30:14.359
 aware they

00:30:14.359 --> 00:30:14.720
 were doing

00:30:14.720 --> 00:30:14.980
 something?

00:30:16.259 --> 00:30:17.279
 And did

00:30:17.279 --> 00:30:17.720
 they appeal

00:30:17.720 --> 00:30:18.259
 to scripture

00:30:18.259 --> 00:30:19.019
 for these

00:30:19.019 --> 00:30:19.379
 changes,

00:30:19.500 --> 00:30:19.740
 if they

00:30:19.740 --> 00:30:20.259
 were aware

00:30:20.259 --> 00:30:20.700
 of it,

00:30:20.819 --> 00:30:21.480
 or did

00:30:21.480 --> 00:30:21.759
 it just

00:30:21.759 --> 00:30:22.640
 happen?

00:30:23.839 --> 00:30:24.299
 It's the

00:30:24.299 --> 00:30:24.680
 air you

00:30:24.680 --> 00:30:25.119
 breathe.

00:30:25.640 --> 00:30:26.099
 You sometimes

00:30:26.099 --> 00:30:26.480
 don't even

00:30:26.480 --> 00:30:26.819
 realise

00:30:26.819 --> 00:30:27.059
 that you're

00:30:27.059 --> 00:30:27.740
 breathing in

00:30:27.740 --> 00:30:28.779
 obnoxious

00:30:28.779 --> 00:30:29.099
 fumes,

00:30:29.200 --> 00:30:29.379
 right?

00:30:30.220 --> 00:30:30.379
 And

00:30:30.379 --> 00:30:30.740
 things,

00:30:31.059 --> 00:30:31.420
 there were

00:30:31.420 --> 00:30:31.920
 some who

00:30:31.920 --> 00:30:32.339
 were much

00:30:32.339 --> 00:30:32.740
 more deliberate,

00:30:32.900 --> 00:30:33.259
 of course,

00:30:33.660 --> 00:30:34.519
 and when

00:30:34.519 --> 00:30:35.279
 the German

00:30:35.279 --> 00:30:36.039
 theologian

00:30:36.039 --> 00:30:37.299
 Schleimacher

00:30:37.299 --> 00:30:38.519
 decided to

00:30:38.519 --> 00:30:39.720
 put the

00:30:39.720 --> 00:30:40.160
 doctrine of

00:30:40.160 --> 00:30:40.420
 the trinity

00:30:40.420 --> 00:30:40.740
 in the

00:30:40.740 --> 00:30:41.599
 appendix to

00:30:41.599 --> 00:30:42.039
 his book

00:30:42.039 --> 00:30:43.099
 on theology,

00:30:43.500 --> 00:30:44.220
 he was

00:30:44.220 --> 00:30:44.519
 doing that

00:30:44.519 --> 00:30:44.940
 deliberately,

00:30:45.940 --> 00:30:46.240
 and he

00:30:46.240 --> 00:30:46.660
 thought the

00:30:46.660 --> 00:30:47.039
 doctrine of

00:30:47.039 --> 00:30:47.299
 the trinity

00:30:47.299 --> 00:30:48.759
 did not

00:30:48.759 --> 00:30:49.279
 represent

00:30:49.279 --> 00:30:49.519
 his

00:30:49.519 --> 00:30:49.759
 right

00:30:49.759 --> 00:30:49.960
 at the

00:30:49.960 --> 00:30:50.259
 moment.

00:30:50.859 --> 00:30:51.480
 But most

00:30:51.480 --> 00:30:51.659
 of them

00:30:51.659 --> 00:30:51.940
 were just

00:30:51.940 --> 00:30:52.139
 thinking,

00:30:52.759 --> 00:30:56.639
 we can't

00:30:56.639 --> 00:30:56.720
 have

00:30:56.720 --> 00:30:56.960
 something

00:30:56.960 --> 00:30:57.319
 that we

00:30:57.319 --> 00:30:58.099
 did or

00:30:58.099 --> 00:30:58.599
 felt,

00:30:58.599 --> 00:30:59.139
 or

00:30:59.139 --> 00:31:02.839
 too much

00:31:02.839 --> 00:31:04.559
 deliberate

00:31:04.559 --> 00:31:05.879
 reflection,

00:31:06.659 --> 00:31:07.000
 which is

00:31:07.000 --> 00:31:07.440
 a danger,

00:31:07.559 --> 00:31:07.700
 right?

00:31:07.799 --> 00:31:08.139
 Yes.

00:31:09.039 --> 00:31:09.299
 What are

00:31:09.299 --> 00:31:09.639
 we doing?

00:31:09.799 --> 00:31:09.960
 Yeah,

00:31:10.019 --> 00:31:10.319
 correct.

00:31:10.480 --> 00:31:11.299
 And we

00:31:11.299 --> 00:31:11.619
 said this

00:31:11.619 --> 00:31:12.740
 briefly last

00:31:12.740 --> 00:31:13.079
 week as

00:31:13.079 --> 00:31:13.339
 well.

00:31:14.319 --> 00:31:14.559
 My

00:31:14.559 --> 00:31:14.899
 students

00:31:14.899 --> 00:31:15.139
 said to

00:31:15.139 --> 00:31:15.240
 me,

00:31:15.240 --> 00:31:15.519
 what's

00:31:15.519 --> 00:31:16.720
 our

00:31:16.720 --> 00:31:17.059
 big

00:31:17.059 --> 00:31:17.879
 sin,

00:31:18.000 --> 00:31:18.419
 or what

00:31:18.419 --> 00:31:18.700
 don't

00:31:18.700 --> 00:31:18.960
 we

00:31:18.960 --> 00:31:19.220
 see,

00:31:19.359 --> 00:31:19.639
 of course

00:31:19.639 --> 00:31:19.859
 it's

00:31:19.859 --> 00:31:20.259
 really hard

00:31:20.259 --> 00:31:20.700
 to say,

00:31:21.720 --> 00:31:22.259
 to see

00:31:22.259 --> 00:31:22.599
 what we

00:31:22.599 --> 00:31:22.799
 don't

00:31:22.799 --> 00:31:23.119
 see.

00:31:24.139 --> 00:31:24.740
 But our

00:31:24.740 --> 00:31:25.359
 individualism

00:31:25.359 --> 00:31:25.659
 has to

00:31:25.659 --> 00:31:25.839
 be

00:31:25.839 --> 00:31:26.619
 placed on

00:31:26.619 --> 00:31:26.899
 the top

00:31:26.899 --> 00:31:27.299
 of this.

00:31:27.859 --> 00:31:28.759
 That was

00:31:28.759 --> 00:31:29.240
 kind of

00:31:29.240 --> 00:31:30.960
 my thinking

00:31:30.960 --> 00:31:31.759
 on Tom's

00:31:31.759 --> 00:31:32.019
 comment,

00:31:32.159 --> 00:31:34.200
 that it

00:31:34.200 --> 00:31:34.639
 seems as

00:31:34.639 --> 00:31:35.000
 if the

00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:35.539
 church is,

00:31:36.279 --> 00:31:36.859
 the evangelical

00:31:36.859 --> 00:31:37.460
 church is

00:31:37.460 --> 00:31:38.299
 always straining

00:31:38.299 --> 00:31:38.839
 to catch up

00:31:38.839 --> 00:31:39.419
 with culture

00:31:39.419 --> 00:31:40.679
 to understand

00:31:40.679 --> 00:31:41.700
 what's

00:31:41.700 --> 00:31:42.299
 happening now

00:31:42.299 --> 00:31:42.519
 and what

00:31:42.519 --> 00:31:43.220
 do we need

00:31:43.220 --> 00:31:43.799
 to change

00:31:43.799 --> 00:31:44.259
 to appeal

00:31:44.259 --> 00:31:44.619
 to these

00:31:44.619 --> 00:31:44.940
 people.

00:31:44.940 --> 00:31:46.860
 And

00:31:46.860 --> 00:31:47.160
 sometimes

00:31:47.160 --> 00:31:47.440
 it's

00:31:47.440 --> 00:31:47.700
 a,

00:31:48.299 --> 00:31:48.740
 I think

00:31:48.740 --> 00:31:48.920
 we've

00:31:48.920 --> 00:31:49.019
 just

00:31:49.019 --> 00:31:49.259
 got to

00:31:49.259 --> 00:31:49.600
 get used

00:31:49.600 --> 00:31:49.900
 to being

00:31:49.900 --> 00:31:50.220
 weird.

00:31:51.480 --> 00:31:51.920
 And

00:31:51.920 --> 00:31:52.559
 feel

00:31:52.559 --> 00:31:53.400
 comfortable

00:31:53.400 --> 00:31:53.740
 with being

00:31:53.740 --> 00:31:54.019
 weird.

00:31:54.259 --> 00:31:54.480
 Our

00:31:54.480 --> 00:31:54.880
 culture,

00:31:56.140 --> 00:31:56.580
 I think

00:31:56.580 --> 00:31:56.799
 in our

00:31:56.799 --> 00:31:57.059
 culture

00:31:57.059 --> 00:31:57.259
 they're

00:31:57.259 --> 00:31:57.480
 good.

00:31:57.720 --> 00:31:57.799
 I'm

00:31:57.799 --> 00:31:59.400
 the last

00:31:59.400 --> 00:31:59.840
 person to

00:31:59.840 --> 00:32:00.220
 kind of

00:32:00.220 --> 00:32:00.640
 wipe it

00:32:00.640 --> 00:32:00.920
 off.

00:32:02.080 --> 00:32:02.440
 But

00:32:02.440 --> 00:32:02.960
 having

00:32:02.960 --> 00:32:03.240
 said,

00:32:03.320 --> 00:32:03.559
 yeah,

00:32:04.500 --> 00:32:04.880
 we're

00:32:04.880 --> 00:32:05.019
 just

00:32:05.019 --> 00:32:05.240
 never

00:32:05.240 --> 00:32:05.480
 going to

00:32:05.480 --> 00:32:05.720
 be

00:32:05.720 --> 00:32:06.039
 like

00:32:06.039 --> 00:32:06.240
 our

00:32:06.240 --> 00:32:06.580
 culture.

00:32:06.840 --> 00:32:07.240
 Let's

00:32:07.240 --> 00:32:07.640
 just go

00:32:07.640 --> 00:32:08.000
 comfortable

00:32:08.000 --> 00:32:08.400
 with

00:32:08.400 --> 00:32:09.019
 doing

00:32:09.019 --> 00:32:09.279
 weird

00:32:09.279 --> 00:32:09.519
 things

00:32:09.519 --> 00:32:09.680
 in

00:32:09.680 --> 00:32:10.059
 church

00:32:10.059 --> 00:32:10.700
 and

00:32:10.700 --> 00:32:10.900
 having

00:32:10.900 --> 00:32:11.140
 weird

00:32:11.140 --> 00:32:11.680
 views.

00:32:11.680 --> 00:32:17.560
 except

00:32:17.560 --> 00:32:18.299
 to

00:32:18.299 --> 00:32:20.360
 understand

00:32:20.360 --> 00:32:20.660
 that

00:32:20.660 --> 00:32:20.880
 the

00:32:20.880 --> 00:32:21.480
 message

00:32:21.480 --> 00:32:21.720
 is

00:32:21.720 --> 00:32:21.940
 what's

00:32:21.940 --> 00:32:22.240
 important

00:32:22.240 --> 00:32:22.519
 not

00:32:22.519 --> 00:32:22.660
 the

00:32:22.660 --> 00:32:23.100
 means

00:32:23.100 --> 00:32:23.600
 as

00:32:23.600 --> 00:32:23.960
 much.

00:32:24.600 --> 00:32:24.940
 And

00:32:24.940 --> 00:32:26.100
 to be

00:32:26.100 --> 00:32:26.560
 able to

00:32:26.560 --> 00:32:27.400
 help

00:32:27.400 --> 00:32:28.519
 in all

00:32:28.519 --> 00:32:28.840
 these

00:32:28.840 --> 00:32:29.400
 responses

00:32:29.400 --> 00:32:29.680
 and

00:32:29.680 --> 00:32:30.180
 movements.

00:32:30.600 --> 00:32:31.000
 Yeah,

00:32:31.160 --> 00:32:31.400
 yeah.

00:32:31.539 --> 00:32:32.240
 And keep

00:32:32.240 --> 00:32:32.840
 coming back

00:32:32.840 --> 00:32:34.200
 to our

00:32:34.200 --> 00:32:34.720
 understanding

00:32:34.720 --> 00:32:35.539
 of Christ,

00:32:35.779 --> 00:32:36.900
 Christ by

00:32:36.900 --> 00:32:37.519
 his spirit

00:32:37.519 --> 00:32:38.220
 making us

00:32:38.220 --> 00:32:38.560
 alive,

00:32:38.680 --> 00:32:39.140
 dying for

00:32:39.140 --> 00:32:39.460
 us and

00:32:39.460 --> 00:32:39.900
 so on.

00:32:39.900 --> 00:32:40.740
 So we

00:32:40.740 --> 00:32:41.160
 need to

00:32:41.160 --> 00:32:41.660
 be

00:32:41.660 --> 00:32:43.220
 clear-minded

00:32:43.220 --> 00:32:44.980
 in having

00:32:44.980 --> 00:32:46.540
 a base,

00:32:47.460 --> 00:32:47.920
 a home,

00:32:48.019 --> 00:32:48.600
 a focus.

00:32:52.280 --> 00:32:52.960
 Well,

00:32:53.019 --> 00:32:53.140
 let me

00:32:53.140 --> 00:32:53.480
 introduce

00:32:53.480 --> 00:32:53.800
 perhaps

00:32:53.800 --> 00:32:54.519
 the most

00:32:54.519 --> 00:32:56.060
 difficult

00:32:56.060 --> 00:32:56.460
 column,

00:32:56.620 --> 00:32:56.900
 the third

00:32:56.900 --> 00:32:57.259
 column,

00:32:57.900 --> 00:32:58.560
 because

00:32:58.560 --> 00:32:59.740
 less has

00:32:59.740 --> 00:33:00.120
 been

00:33:00.120 --> 00:33:01.160
 written

00:33:01.160 --> 00:33:02.340
 about.

00:33:02.759 --> 00:33:03.280
 So I'll

00:33:03.280 --> 00:33:03.800
 give you

00:33:03.800 --> 00:33:04.080
 for you

00:33:04.080 --> 00:33:04.560
 in the

00:33:04.560 --> 00:33:05.580
 footer

00:33:05.580 --> 00:33:05.920
 there

00:33:05.920 --> 00:33:06.980
 an article

00:33:06.980 --> 00:33:07.280
 I've

00:33:07.280 --> 00:33:07.500
 written

00:33:07.500 --> 00:33:07.920
 on

00:33:07.920 --> 00:33:08.440
 modernism

00:33:08.440 --> 00:33:08.880
 and how

00:33:08.880 --> 00:33:09.040
 it's

00:33:09.040 --> 00:33:09.380
 influenced

00:33:09.380 --> 00:33:09.780
 which

00:33:09.780 --> 00:33:11.140
 you can

00:33:11.140 --> 00:33:11.980
 find at

00:33:11.980 --> 00:33:12.620
 least one

00:33:12.620 --> 00:33:13.060
 thing on

00:33:13.060 --> 00:33:13.460
 the internet

00:33:13.460 --> 00:33:14.000
 about this.

00:33:16.560 --> 00:33:17.300
 This is a

00:33:17.300 --> 00:33:17.840
 movement that

00:33:17.840 --> 00:33:18.620
 arose, a

00:33:18.620 --> 00:33:18.940
 cultural

00:33:18.940 --> 00:33:19.380
 movement,

00:33:19.500 --> 00:33:19.840
 again, it

00:33:19.840 --> 00:33:20.700
 wasn't sponsored

00:33:20.700 --> 00:33:21.260
 by Christians,

00:33:21.420 --> 00:33:22.460
 it arose at

00:33:22.460 --> 00:33:22.880
 the end of

00:33:22.880 --> 00:33:23.800
 the 19th

00:33:23.800 --> 00:33:24.160
 century.

00:33:25.240 --> 00:33:25.820
 And this

00:33:25.820 --> 00:33:26.300
 was a

00:33:26.300 --> 00:33:26.840
 cultural

00:33:26.840 --> 00:33:27.520
 movement that

00:33:27.520 --> 00:33:30.380
 said to

00:33:30.380 --> 00:33:31.800
 put things

00:33:31.800 --> 00:33:32.560
 back together

00:33:32.560 --> 00:33:33.240
 again, to

00:33:33.240 --> 00:33:35.380
 heal, to

00:33:35.380 --> 00:33:36.520
 get what

00:33:36.519 --> 00:33:37.680
 the

00:33:37.680 --> 00:33:38.099
 romantics

00:33:38.099 --> 00:33:38.319
 that we

00:33:38.319 --> 00:33:38.920
 talked about,

00:33:39.059 --> 00:33:39.319
 finding

00:33:39.319 --> 00:33:39.940
 integration,

00:33:40.879 --> 00:33:42.500
 the strategy

00:33:42.500 --> 00:33:43.339
 must be

00:33:43.339 --> 00:33:44.379
 increasing

00:33:44.379 --> 00:33:46.099
 self-expression.

00:33:49.099 --> 00:33:50.440
 To express

00:33:50.440 --> 00:33:52.240
 yourself is

00:33:52.240 --> 00:33:52.720
 to heal

00:33:52.720 --> 00:33:53.240
 yourself.

00:33:53.240 --> 00:33:56.660
 and it

00:33:56.660 --> 00:33:57.160
 would often

00:33:57.160 --> 00:33:58.259
 be linked

00:33:58.259 --> 00:33:58.819
 crudely

00:33:58.819 --> 00:33:59.380
 put to

00:33:59.380 --> 00:33:59.539
 the

00:33:59.539 --> 00:33:59.779
 will,

00:33:59.920 --> 00:34:00.079
 you

00:34:00.079 --> 00:34:00.720
 decide

00:34:00.720 --> 00:34:01.240
 to

00:34:01.240 --> 00:34:01.700
 express

00:34:01.700 --> 00:34:02.140
 yourself,

00:34:02.279 --> 00:34:03.079
 you impose,

00:34:03.500 --> 00:34:04.380
 not only impose,

00:34:04.440 --> 00:34:05.539
 but possibly impose

00:34:05.539 --> 00:34:06.519
 your view on

00:34:06.519 --> 00:34:06.839
 others.

00:34:07.900 --> 00:34:09.119
 It came out

00:34:09.119 --> 00:34:10.179
 of an

00:34:10.179 --> 00:34:10.719
 increasing

00:34:10.719 --> 00:34:11.760
 sense that

00:34:11.760 --> 00:34:13.199
 life was

00:34:13.199 --> 00:34:13.960
 fragmented

00:34:13.960 --> 00:34:15.039
 almost beyond

00:34:15.039 --> 00:34:15.599
 repair.

00:34:16.820 --> 00:34:17.320
 This was

00:34:17.320 --> 00:34:18.260
 when the

00:34:18.260 --> 00:34:18.760
 United States

00:34:18.760 --> 00:34:19.220
 police,

00:34:19.460 --> 00:34:19.600
 the

00:34:19.600 --> 00:34:20.020
 guilted

00:34:20.020 --> 00:34:20.460
 age,

00:34:20.940 --> 00:34:21.060
 the

00:34:21.060 --> 00:34:21.320
 lot of

00:34:21.320 --> 00:34:21.800
 barons,

00:34:23.160 --> 00:34:23.940
 industrial

00:34:23.940 --> 00:34:24.760
 work prices

00:34:24.760 --> 00:34:25.180
 that were

00:34:25.180 --> 00:34:25.720
 unsafe,

00:34:26.040 --> 00:34:26.600
 the rise of

00:34:26.600 --> 00:34:27.080
 unions,

00:34:27.300 --> 00:34:27.700
 and so on,

00:34:28.140 --> 00:34:28.740
 very

00:34:28.740 --> 00:34:29.980
 combustible

00:34:29.980 --> 00:34:30.680
 politics.

00:34:31.700 --> 00:34:32.100
 Things were

00:34:32.100 --> 00:34:32.560
 fragmented.

00:34:32.680 --> 00:34:33.120
 How do you

00:34:33.120 --> 00:34:33.620
 deal with

00:34:33.620 --> 00:34:33.920
 that?

00:34:35.040 --> 00:34:35.700
 Cities are

00:34:35.700 --> 00:34:37.120
 now almost

00:34:37.120 --> 00:34:37.720
 where most

00:34:37.720 --> 00:34:38.280
 people are.

00:34:38.420 --> 00:34:39.580
 But in

00:34:39.580 --> 00:34:40.100
 this period,

00:34:40.980 --> 00:34:41.520
 city life

00:34:41.520 --> 00:34:42.560
 was not

00:34:42.560 --> 00:34:42.980
 something I'm

00:34:42.980 --> 00:34:43.360
 knew to

00:34:43.360 --> 00:34:43.580
 do.

00:34:45.740 --> 00:34:46.180
 But city

00:34:46.180 --> 00:34:46.760
 life was

00:34:46.760 --> 00:34:47.840
 very fragmented

00:34:47.840 --> 00:34:48.760
 life as we

00:34:48.760 --> 00:34:49.120
 know.

00:34:50.360 --> 00:34:51.059
 The image

00:34:51.059 --> 00:34:51.519
 that I think

00:34:51.519 --> 00:34:52.300
 best catches

00:34:52.300 --> 00:34:54.519
 this moment

00:34:54.519 --> 00:34:55.240
 is not the

00:34:55.240 --> 00:34:55.840
 machine,

00:34:56.079 --> 00:34:56.820
 something regular

00:34:56.820 --> 00:34:57.440
 and predictable,

00:34:58.240 --> 00:34:58.840
 not the

00:34:58.840 --> 00:34:59.300
 tree,

00:34:59.539 --> 00:35:00.579
 something organic

00:35:00.579 --> 00:35:01.860
 and planted,

00:35:02.579 --> 00:35:03.360
 but the

00:35:03.360 --> 00:35:03.920
 volcano,

00:35:04.320 --> 00:35:04.720
 something

00:35:04.720 --> 00:35:06.260
 dangerous

00:35:06.260 --> 00:35:07.240
 in its

00:35:07.240 --> 00:35:07.960
 expression.

00:35:08.940 --> 00:35:09.180
 And there

00:35:09.180 --> 00:35:09.740
 was lots

00:35:09.740 --> 00:35:10.340
 written about

00:35:10.340 --> 00:35:11.059
 volcanoes in

00:35:11.059 --> 00:35:11.559
 this period.

00:35:12.019 --> 00:35:12.420
 Even yesterday

00:35:12.420 --> 00:35:12.920
 I was reading

00:35:12.920 --> 00:35:14.180
 a book where

00:35:14.180 --> 00:35:14.519
 there's this

00:35:14.519 --> 00:35:16.660
 long quotation

00:35:16.660 --> 00:35:17.180
 going to me

00:35:17.179 --> 00:35:17.399
 end of the

00:35:17.399 --> 00:35:18.000
 19th century

00:35:18.000 --> 00:35:19.119
 about how

00:35:19.119 --> 00:35:20.359
 the earth

00:35:20.359 --> 00:35:21.179
 is unstable

00:35:21.179 --> 00:35:22.019
 and any

00:35:22.019 --> 00:35:22.539
 minute now

00:35:22.539 --> 00:35:23.039
 all these

00:35:23.039 --> 00:35:23.599
 subterranean

00:35:23.599 --> 00:35:24.259
 forces are

00:35:24.259 --> 00:35:24.440
 going to

00:35:24.440 --> 00:35:24.719
 come to

00:35:24.719 --> 00:35:25.199
 the surface

00:35:25.199 --> 00:35:26.480
 and yes,

00:35:26.559 --> 00:35:26.839
 another

00:35:26.839 --> 00:35:27.319
 volcano

00:35:27.319 --> 00:35:27.619
 boat.

00:35:27.739 --> 00:35:27.980
 I'm feeling

00:35:27.980 --> 00:35:28.179
 like I

00:35:28.179 --> 00:35:28.779
 wonder something.

00:35:30.799 --> 00:35:31.779
 My life is

00:35:31.779 --> 00:35:32.299
 weird and I'm

00:35:32.299 --> 00:35:32.899
 kind of chasing

00:35:32.899 --> 00:35:33.919
 volcano boats.

00:35:33.920 --> 00:35:39.200
 this period

00:35:39.200 --> 00:35:40.780
 is probably

00:35:40.780 --> 00:35:41.880
 less familiar

00:35:41.880 --> 00:35:42.300
 to the

00:35:42.300 --> 00:35:43.559
 most and

00:35:43.559 --> 00:35:44.920
 its leading

00:35:44.920 --> 00:35:45.920
 heritage might

00:35:45.920 --> 00:35:46.340
 be less

00:35:46.340 --> 00:35:47.000
 familiar as

00:35:47.000 --> 00:35:47.240
 well.

00:35:48.200 --> 00:35:49.300
 So locally,

00:35:49.599 --> 00:35:50.039
 Borden and

00:35:50.039 --> 00:35:50.320
 Gale,

00:35:50.380 --> 00:35:51.059
 William Borden

00:35:51.059 --> 00:35:52.019
 was an

00:35:52.019 --> 00:35:52.760
 example of

00:35:52.760 --> 00:35:53.980
 this movement

00:35:53.980 --> 00:35:54.860
 or in

00:35:54.860 --> 00:35:56.000
 Los Angeles

00:35:56.000 --> 00:35:56.559
 or beyond

00:35:56.559 --> 00:35:57.900
 87th person,

00:35:58.440 --> 00:35:58.780
 a great

00:35:58.780 --> 00:35:59.800
 Pentecostal

00:35:59.800 --> 00:36:00.659
 woman,

00:36:00.659 --> 00:36:01.699
 C.G.

00:36:01.779 --> 00:36:02.659
 Stud and

00:36:02.659 --> 00:36:03.299
 a faith

00:36:03.299 --> 00:36:03.619
 mission.

00:36:03.819 --> 00:36:04.059
 C.G.

00:36:04.119 --> 00:36:04.519
 Stud was

00:36:04.519 --> 00:36:04.839
 English,

00:36:04.940 --> 00:36:05.420
 Catholic,

00:36:05.559 --> 00:36:07.739
 and he

00:36:07.739 --> 00:36:09.139
 served in

00:36:09.139 --> 00:36:09.879
 India,

00:36:10.039 --> 00:36:10.379
 and he

00:36:10.379 --> 00:36:11.039
 served in

00:36:11.039 --> 00:36:11.539
 China,

00:36:11.879 --> 00:36:12.339
 and he

00:36:12.339 --> 00:36:13.599
 served in

00:36:13.599 --> 00:36:14.279
 South India,

00:36:14.440 --> 00:36:15.319
 and he

00:36:15.319 --> 00:36:16.599
 served in

00:36:16.599 --> 00:36:17.899
 West Africa

00:36:17.899 --> 00:36:18.460
 as well.

00:36:18.460 --> 00:36:18.860
 So this

00:36:18.860 --> 00:36:19.139
 was

00:36:19.139 --> 00:36:20.199
 extraordinary.

00:36:20.780 --> 00:36:21.199
 I'm going

00:36:21.199 --> 00:36:21.559
 to beat

00:36:21.559 --> 00:36:22.119
 the world,

00:36:22.280 --> 00:36:22.519
 I'm going

00:36:22.519 --> 00:36:22.740
 to go

00:36:22.740 --> 00:36:23.019
 to the

00:36:23.019 --> 00:36:23.320
 hardest

00:36:23.320 --> 00:36:23.900
 places,

00:36:24.079 --> 00:36:24.380
 and when

00:36:24.380 --> 00:36:25.159
 one place

00:36:25.159 --> 00:36:25.659
 gets easy,

00:36:25.699 --> 00:36:25.920
 I'm going

00:36:25.920 --> 00:36:26.059
 to go

00:36:26.059 --> 00:36:26.199
 to the

00:36:26.199 --> 00:36:26.380
 next

00:36:26.380 --> 00:36:26.699
 place

00:36:26.699 --> 00:36:26.880
 that's

00:36:26.880 --> 00:36:27.240
 hard.

00:36:28.699 --> 00:36:29.019
 C.G.

00:36:29.019 --> 00:36:29.340
 Stud didn't

00:36:29.340 --> 00:36:29.920
 have a good

00:36:29.920 --> 00:36:30.179
 relationship

00:36:30.179 --> 00:36:30.440
 with his

00:36:30.440 --> 00:36:30.820
 wife,

00:36:31.019 --> 00:36:31.400
 in fact he

00:36:31.400 --> 00:36:31.960
 treated her

00:36:31.960 --> 00:36:32.579
 informably,

00:36:33.280 --> 00:36:33.920
 so his

00:36:33.920 --> 00:36:35.039
 great kind

00:36:35.039 --> 00:36:35.760
 of faith

00:36:35.760 --> 00:36:36.059
 mission

00:36:36.059 --> 00:36:36.699
 probably was

00:36:36.699 --> 00:36:37.260
 tarnished

00:36:37.260 --> 00:36:37.800
 by that.

00:36:38.179 --> 00:36:38.519
 She came

00:36:38.519 --> 00:36:38.820
 and visited,

00:36:38.960 --> 00:36:39.699
 she was living

00:36:39.699 --> 00:36:40.159
 in England,

00:36:40.480 --> 00:36:41.039
 raising money

00:36:41.039 --> 00:36:41.360
 for his

00:36:41.360 --> 00:36:41.619
 mission.

00:36:42.199 --> 00:36:42.720
 She came

00:36:42.720 --> 00:36:43.039
 and visited

00:36:43.039 --> 00:36:43.519
 him in West

00:36:43.519 --> 00:36:44.119
 Africa at

00:36:44.119 --> 00:36:44.599
 one time,

00:36:44.720 --> 00:36:44.880
 and he

00:36:44.880 --> 00:36:45.159
 basically

00:36:45.159 --> 00:36:45.559
 eaten the

00:36:45.559 --> 00:36:45.960
 water and

00:36:45.960 --> 00:36:46.460
 just kept

00:36:46.460 --> 00:36:46.960
 doing what

00:36:46.960 --> 00:36:47.119
 he was

00:36:47.119 --> 00:36:47.360
 doing,

00:36:47.440 --> 00:36:47.699
 so she

00:36:47.699 --> 00:36:48.099
 went home

00:36:48.099 --> 00:36:48.799
 and went

00:36:48.799 --> 00:36:49.159
 and saw

00:36:49.159 --> 00:36:49.500
 each other

00:36:49.500 --> 00:36:49.779
 again.

00:36:51.579 --> 00:36:52.159
 This is

00:36:52.159 --> 00:36:52.539
 a rise

00:36:52.539 --> 00:36:53.480
 of,

00:36:54.599 --> 00:36:55.039
 if I

00:36:55.039 --> 00:36:55.599
 have enough

00:36:55.599 --> 00:36:56.139
 will,

00:36:56.460 --> 00:36:57.860
 I can

00:36:57.860 --> 00:36:58.320
 conquer.

00:37:01.219 --> 00:37:01.820
 If I

00:37:01.820 --> 00:37:02.199
 have enough

00:37:02.199 --> 00:37:02.920
 willpower,

00:37:03.340 --> 00:37:04.000
 I can

00:37:04.000 --> 00:37:05.059
 make this

00:37:05.059 --> 00:37:05.960
 fragmented

00:37:05.960 --> 00:37:07.880
 world bend

00:37:07.880 --> 00:37:09.340
 to my

00:37:09.340 --> 00:37:10.539
 aspirations.

00:37:13.400 --> 00:37:13.920
 This

00:37:13.920 --> 00:37:14.380
 was an

00:37:14.380 --> 00:37:15.159
 issue

00:37:15.159 --> 00:37:15.599
 where

00:37:15.599 --> 00:37:17.059
 the

00:37:17.059 --> 00:37:17.739
 questions

00:37:17.739 --> 00:37:17.980
 of

00:37:17.980 --> 00:37:18.579
 power

00:37:18.579 --> 00:37:19.339
 were

00:37:19.339 --> 00:37:19.659
 front

00:37:19.659 --> 00:37:19.859
 and

00:37:19.859 --> 00:37:20.179
 centre,

00:37:21.899 --> 00:37:22.399
 both

00:37:22.399 --> 00:37:22.940
 literally,

00:37:23.359 --> 00:37:23.739
 this was

00:37:23.739 --> 00:37:24.099
 a period

00:37:24.099 --> 00:37:24.559
 in which

00:37:24.559 --> 00:37:25.619
 seized the

00:37:25.619 --> 00:37:26.039
 world by

00:37:26.039 --> 00:37:26.579
 electricity

00:37:26.579 --> 00:37:27.039
 for the

00:37:27.039 --> 00:37:27.659
 first time.

00:37:29.239 --> 00:37:29.480
 This

00:37:29.480 --> 00:37:29.819
 was also

00:37:29.819 --> 00:37:30.159
 a world

00:37:30.159 --> 00:37:30.480
 when

00:37:30.480 --> 00:37:31.739
 power

00:37:31.739 --> 00:37:32.379
 waned

00:37:32.379 --> 00:37:33.339
 after the

00:37:33.339 --> 00:37:33.779
 First World

00:37:33.779 --> 00:37:34.119
 War,

00:37:35.219 --> 00:37:35.719
 the Russian

00:37:35.719 --> 00:37:36.159
 Empire,

00:37:36.279 --> 00:37:36.579
 the Ottoman

00:37:36.579 --> 00:37:37.059
 Empire,

00:37:37.460 --> 00:37:37.859
 the British

00:37:37.859 --> 00:37:38.359
 Empire,

00:37:39.440 --> 00:37:40.559
 the Austro-Hungarian

00:37:40.559 --> 00:37:40.839
 Empire,

00:37:40.960 --> 00:37:41.299
 the German

00:37:41.299 --> 00:37:41.679
 Empire,

00:37:42.019 --> 00:37:42.079
 all

00:37:42.079 --> 00:37:44.179
 collapsed,

00:37:44.179 --> 00:37:45.359
 lost much

00:37:45.359 --> 00:37:45.799
 of their

00:37:45.799 --> 00:37:46.440
 power.

00:37:48.119 --> 00:37:48.759
 Cities

00:37:48.759 --> 00:37:50.259
 and wars

00:37:50.259 --> 00:37:50.899
 made this

00:37:50.899 --> 00:37:51.419
 a period

00:37:51.419 --> 00:37:52.379
 where people

00:37:52.379 --> 00:37:53.799
 thought the

00:37:53.799 --> 00:37:54.179
 end is

00:37:54.179 --> 00:37:54.919
 surely about

00:37:54.919 --> 00:37:55.480
 to come.

00:37:55.480 --> 00:37:55.980
 world.

00:37:55.980 --> 00:37:57.880
 The

00:37:57.880 --> 00:37:58.719
 philosophers of

00:37:58.719 --> 00:37:59.199
 the age

00:37:59.199 --> 00:38:00.079
 who drove

00:38:00.079 --> 00:38:01.139
 this period

00:38:01.139 --> 00:38:01.900
 were Friedrich

00:38:01.900 --> 00:38:02.300
 Nietzsche,

00:38:02.420 --> 00:38:02.960
 the German

00:38:02.960 --> 00:38:03.619
 philosopher,

00:38:04.420 --> 00:38:05.019
 Sigmund

00:38:05.019 --> 00:38:05.400
 Freud,

00:38:05.699 --> 00:38:06.940
 the Austrian

00:38:06.940 --> 00:38:07.260
 side

00:38:07.260 --> 00:38:07.719
 analyst,

00:38:08.719 --> 00:38:09.059
 Virginia

00:38:09.059 --> 00:38:09.599
 Wolfe,

00:38:09.760 --> 00:38:10.340
 the novelist,

00:38:10.420 --> 00:38:10.860
 and James

00:38:10.860 --> 00:38:11.300
 Joyce,

00:38:11.760 --> 00:38:12.260
 the Irish

00:38:12.260 --> 00:38:12.860
 novelist.

00:38:14.320 --> 00:38:14.599
 These are

00:38:14.599 --> 00:38:15.000
 people,

00:38:15.199 --> 00:38:15.519
 especially

00:38:15.519 --> 00:38:16.019
 Nietzsche,

00:38:16.559 --> 00:38:17.000
 who were

00:38:17.000 --> 00:38:18.940
 saying the

00:38:18.940 --> 00:38:19.400
 will to

00:38:19.400 --> 00:38:20.280
 power is

00:38:20.280 --> 00:38:21.360
 what helps

00:38:21.360 --> 00:38:22.340
 human beings

00:38:22.340 --> 00:38:23.660
 understand

00:38:23.660 --> 00:38:24.420
 themselves,

00:38:24.760 --> 00:38:25.160
 understand

00:38:25.160 --> 00:38:25.420
 their

00:38:25.420 --> 00:38:25.940
 environment,

00:38:26.680 --> 00:38:27.080
 helps them

00:38:27.080 --> 00:38:27.780
 to achieve

00:38:27.780 --> 00:38:29.600
 their goals

00:38:29.600 --> 00:38:30.240
 of fulfillment

00:38:30.240 --> 00:38:30.860
 in the world.

00:38:33.380 --> 00:38:33.880
 Some of

00:38:33.880 --> 00:38:35.040
 the more

00:38:35.040 --> 00:38:35.460
 evangelical

00:38:35.460 --> 00:38:36.200
 outcomes

00:38:36.200 --> 00:38:36.560
 of this

00:38:36.560 --> 00:38:37.080
 period were

00:38:37.080 --> 00:38:37.460
 muscular

00:38:37.460 --> 00:38:37.960
 Christianity,

00:38:38.140 --> 00:38:38.460
 of which

00:38:38.460 --> 00:38:39.800
 Borden and

00:38:39.800 --> 00:38:40.160
 C.T.

00:38:40.240 --> 00:38:40.580
 Stubb

00:38:40.580 --> 00:38:40.880
 were our

00:38:40.880 --> 00:38:41.440
 representatives.

00:38:42.200 --> 00:38:42.620
 Muscular

00:38:42.620 --> 00:38:43.060
 Christianity

00:38:43.060 --> 00:38:43.580
 is a

00:38:43.580 --> 00:38:43.820
 movement

00:38:43.820 --> 00:38:44.380
 that says

00:38:44.380 --> 00:38:46.420
 one,

00:38:46.780 --> 00:38:47.240
 we need

00:38:47.240 --> 00:38:47.559
 to use

00:38:47.559 --> 00:38:48.160
 our will

00:38:48.160 --> 00:38:49.640
 to assert

00:38:49.640 --> 00:38:51.400
 our

00:38:51.400 --> 00:38:52.280
 power

00:38:52.280 --> 00:38:52.780
 over the

00:38:52.780 --> 00:38:53.160
 world.

00:38:54.099 --> 00:38:54.200
 The

00:38:54.200 --> 00:38:54.360
 muscle

00:38:54.360 --> 00:38:54.519
 of

00:38:54.519 --> 00:38:54.780
 Christianity

00:38:54.780 --> 00:38:55.340
 was also

00:38:55.340 --> 00:38:55.900
 a Christian

00:38:55.900 --> 00:38:56.160
 movement

00:38:56.160 --> 00:38:56.720
 that said

00:38:56.720 --> 00:38:58.119
 men are

00:38:58.119 --> 00:38:58.500
 no longer

00:38:58.500 --> 00:38:59.140
 really men

00:38:59.140 --> 00:38:59.760
 because

00:38:59.760 --> 00:39:00.400
 they're

00:39:00.400 --> 00:39:00.860
 working in

00:39:00.860 --> 00:39:01.300
 factories

00:39:01.300 --> 00:39:01.740
 and not

00:39:01.740 --> 00:39:02.280
 fields.

00:39:03.680 --> 00:39:04.440
 So it

00:39:04.440 --> 00:39:05.079
 was assumed

00:39:05.079 --> 00:39:06.000
 that working

00:39:06.000 --> 00:39:06.579
 class men

00:39:06.579 --> 00:39:07.119
 in factories

00:39:07.119 --> 00:39:08.619
 had lost

00:39:08.619 --> 00:39:11.099
 what made

00:39:11.099 --> 00:39:11.619
 them men

00:39:11.619 --> 00:39:12.300
 using their

00:39:12.300 --> 00:39:12.760
 muscles.

00:39:13.300 --> 00:39:13.720
 Because we

00:39:13.720 --> 00:39:14.059
 see the

00:39:14.059 --> 00:39:14.559
 working class

00:39:14.559 --> 00:39:14.880
 men in

00:39:14.880 --> 00:39:15.279
 factories

00:39:15.279 --> 00:39:16.420
 as being

00:39:16.420 --> 00:39:16.960
 kind of

00:39:16.960 --> 00:39:17.279
 rough and

00:39:17.279 --> 00:39:17.920
 ready times.

00:39:18.380 --> 00:39:18.759
 Not the

00:39:18.759 --> 00:39:19.119
 kind of

00:39:19.119 --> 00:39:19.480
 people who

00:39:19.480 --> 00:39:19.880
 walked their

00:39:19.880 --> 00:39:20.299
 manhood.

00:39:21.199 --> 00:39:21.699
 But that

00:39:21.699 --> 00:39:21.960
 was the

00:39:21.960 --> 00:39:22.440
 assumption.

00:39:22.579 --> 00:39:23.420
 So Christians

00:39:23.420 --> 00:39:23.779
 had a

00:39:23.779 --> 00:39:24.139
 panicking.

00:39:26.420 --> 00:39:27.279
 So Christians

00:39:27.279 --> 00:39:27.739
 invented

00:39:27.739 --> 00:39:28.980
 basketball.

00:39:30.079 --> 00:39:30.579
 And Christians

00:39:30.579 --> 00:39:31.139
 invented

00:39:31.139 --> 00:39:31.799
 volleyball.

00:39:32.980 --> 00:39:33.400
 Christians

00:39:33.400 --> 00:39:34.119
 invented

00:39:34.119 --> 00:39:35.059
 boys

00:39:35.059 --> 00:39:35.619
 or

00:39:35.619 --> 00:39:37.480
 boy scouts.

00:39:38.079 --> 00:39:38.599
 Or Christians

00:39:38.599 --> 00:39:39.320
 invented

00:39:39.320 --> 00:39:40.320
 how to

00:39:40.320 --> 00:39:40.679
 invent the

00:39:40.679 --> 00:39:40.920
 Olympic

00:39:40.920 --> 00:39:41.420
 Games.

00:39:42.039 --> 00:39:42.559
 All these

00:39:42.559 --> 00:39:42.980
 things at

00:39:42.980 --> 00:39:43.159
 the end

00:39:43.159 --> 00:39:43.340
 of the

00:39:43.340 --> 00:39:43.659
 19th

00:39:43.659 --> 00:39:44.319
 century were

00:39:44.319 --> 00:39:45.899
 responses to

00:39:45.899 --> 00:39:47.159
 this fear

00:39:47.159 --> 00:39:47.539
 that men

00:39:47.539 --> 00:39:48.119
 were losing

00:39:48.119 --> 00:39:48.759
 what it

00:39:48.759 --> 00:39:49.059
 took to

00:39:49.059 --> 00:39:49.559
 their man.

00:39:50.039 --> 00:39:50.279
 It's a

00:39:50.279 --> 00:39:50.859
 movement called

00:39:50.859 --> 00:39:51.259
 muscular

00:39:51.259 --> 00:39:51.719
 Christianity.

00:39:52.099 --> 00:39:52.619
 Women can

00:39:52.619 --> 00:39:52.940
 also be

00:39:52.940 --> 00:39:53.219
 muscular

00:39:53.219 --> 00:39:53.599
 Christians.

00:39:54.859 --> 00:39:55.259
 So for

00:39:55.259 --> 00:39:55.519
 example,

00:39:55.619 --> 00:39:56.079
 this is the

00:39:56.079 --> 00:39:56.579
 period where

00:39:56.579 --> 00:39:57.019
 we start

00:39:57.019 --> 00:39:57.819
 talking about

00:39:57.819 --> 00:39:59.159
 prayer warriors.

00:40:00.559 --> 00:40:01.279
 We'd never

00:40:01.279 --> 00:40:01.960
 used those

00:40:01.960 --> 00:40:02.859
 two words in

00:40:02.859 --> 00:40:03.279
 the same

00:40:03.279 --> 00:40:04.299
 sentence before.

00:40:05.119 --> 00:40:05.579
 And women

00:40:05.579 --> 00:40:06.059
 could be

00:40:06.059 --> 00:40:06.679
 prayer warriors.

00:40:06.759 --> 00:40:06.859
 We're

00:40:06.859 --> 00:40:07.539
 described as

00:40:07.539 --> 00:40:08.259
 prayer warriors.

00:40:08.779 --> 00:40:09.219
 Men were

00:40:09.219 --> 00:40:09.839
 described as

00:40:09.839 --> 00:40:10.579
 prayer warriors.

00:40:10.579 --> 00:40:11.639
 in the

00:40:11.639 --> 00:40:12.340
 Salvation Army

00:40:12.340 --> 00:40:12.940
 for example,

00:40:13.139 --> 00:40:13.500
 in this

00:40:13.500 --> 00:40:13.759
 period,

00:40:13.860 --> 00:40:14.519
 women take

00:40:14.519 --> 00:40:15.159
 on quite a

00:40:15.159 --> 00:40:15.519
 significant

00:40:15.519 --> 00:40:16.759
 role as

00:40:16.759 --> 00:40:18.719
 army officers,

00:40:19.599 --> 00:40:20.619
 all part of

00:40:20.619 --> 00:40:20.980
 the same

00:40:20.980 --> 00:40:21.380
 movement.

00:40:22.000 --> 00:40:22.579
 But more

00:40:22.579 --> 00:40:22.920
 significantly,

00:40:23.139 --> 00:40:23.519
 perhaps,

00:40:24.159 --> 00:40:25.559
 this was a

00:40:25.559 --> 00:40:26.079
 period in which

00:40:26.079 --> 00:40:27.079
 fundamentalism was

00:40:27.079 --> 00:40:27.880
 born in its

00:40:27.880 --> 00:40:29.659
 modern eyes and

00:40:29.659 --> 00:40:31.000
 cost of them

00:40:31.000 --> 00:40:32.039
 as well around

00:40:32.039 --> 00:40:32.539
 the world.

00:40:33.039 --> 00:40:33.779
 These were

00:40:33.779 --> 00:40:34.539
 movements

00:40:34.539 --> 00:40:36.559
 reacting to the

00:40:36.559 --> 00:40:36.860
 culture,

00:40:36.860 --> 00:40:36.960
 culture.

00:40:36.960 --> 00:40:37.300
 But also

00:40:37.300 --> 00:40:37.840
 kind of

00:40:37.840 --> 00:40:38.300
 saying we've

00:40:38.300 --> 00:40:38.740
 just got to

00:40:38.740 --> 00:40:40.360
 be, we've

00:40:40.360 --> 00:40:41.920
 got to, through

00:40:41.920 --> 00:40:42.700
 our own sense

00:40:42.700 --> 00:40:46.300
 of power, assert

00:40:46.300 --> 00:40:49.480
 our agency over

00:40:49.480 --> 00:40:50.460
 the world around

00:40:50.460 --> 00:40:50.900
 us.

00:40:52.480 --> 00:40:53.440
 So fundamentalists,

00:40:53.519 --> 00:40:54.019
 for example,

00:40:54.200 --> 00:40:55.380
 would more and

00:40:55.380 --> 00:40:58.120
 more espouse their

00:40:58.120 --> 00:40:59.019
 opinions and

00:40:59.019 --> 00:40:59.860
 presume that the

00:40:59.860 --> 00:41:00.960
 louder they spoke

00:41:00.960 --> 00:41:02.380
 or the more

00:41:02.380 --> 00:41:03.360
 insistent they were

00:41:03.360 --> 00:41:04.120
 with their opinions,

00:41:04.240 --> 00:41:04.840
 the more likely

00:41:04.840 --> 00:41:05.440
 they were to

00:41:05.440 --> 00:41:05.960
 change the

00:41:05.960 --> 00:41:06.320
 culture.

00:41:06.860 --> 00:41:08.140
 And Pentecostal,

00:41:08.240 --> 00:41:08.680
 of course, is

00:41:08.680 --> 00:41:10.440
 in many ways a

00:41:10.440 --> 00:41:11.380
 therapeutic movement

00:41:11.380 --> 00:41:13.180
 where your job is

00:41:13.180 --> 00:41:14.760
 to express yourself,

00:41:15.920 --> 00:41:16.820
 either through

00:41:16.820 --> 00:41:18.380
 using your gifts

00:41:18.380 --> 00:41:21.099
 or speaking in

00:41:21.099 --> 00:41:21.519
 tongues.

00:41:22.400 --> 00:41:23.579
 Both of these are

00:41:23.579 --> 00:41:24.740
 ways that you

00:41:24.740 --> 00:41:26.900
 would express

00:41:26.900 --> 00:41:27.860
 yourself and

00:41:27.860 --> 00:41:29.380
 thereby feel

00:41:29.380 --> 00:41:29.740
 yourself.

00:41:31.140 --> 00:41:32.500
 I think all of

00:41:32.500 --> 00:41:33.340
 these three movements

00:41:33.340 --> 00:41:34.000
 are still with us

00:41:34.000 --> 00:41:34.340
 today.

00:41:34.880 --> 00:41:35.579
 It depends which

00:41:35.579 --> 00:41:36.380
 church you look at.

00:41:36.860 --> 00:41:38.440
 different churches

00:41:38.440 --> 00:41:38.940
 have different

00:41:38.940 --> 00:41:40.280
 phases where they

00:41:40.280 --> 00:41:41.120
 stress one or the

00:41:41.120 --> 00:41:41.280
 other.

00:41:41.380 --> 00:41:42.900
 So in the dates,

00:41:43.280 --> 00:41:44.320
 in the circles,

00:41:44.720 --> 00:41:45.360
 I haven't given

00:41:45.360 --> 00:41:46.180
 an end date.

00:41:46.980 --> 00:41:48.400
 These three movements

00:41:48.400 --> 00:41:50.460
 are circling, we're

00:41:50.460 --> 00:41:51.519
 still breathing their

00:41:51.519 --> 00:41:52.680
 air, they're still

00:41:52.680 --> 00:41:53.480
 impacting and

00:41:53.480 --> 00:41:55.340
 shaping us quite

00:41:55.340 --> 00:41:56.079
 profoundly.

00:41:56.880 --> 00:41:58.860
 Though in different

00:41:58.860 --> 00:41:59.500
 countries, at

00:41:59.500 --> 00:42:00.240
 different moments,

00:42:00.239 --> 00:42:02.859
 one or the other

00:42:02.859 --> 00:42:04.039
 might take the

00:42:04.039 --> 00:42:04.699
 other hand.

00:42:06.699 --> 00:42:08.779
 Evangelicalism has

00:42:08.779 --> 00:42:10.319
 been quite a

00:42:10.319 --> 00:42:11.899
 porous movement.

00:42:13.059 --> 00:42:14.279
 We want to reach

00:42:14.279 --> 00:42:15.079
 the culture for

00:42:15.079 --> 00:42:15.519
 Christ.

00:42:16.519 --> 00:42:17.599
 We want to engage

00:42:17.599 --> 00:42:18.139
 with the world

00:42:18.139 --> 00:42:18.599
 around us.

00:42:18.599 --> 00:42:19.419
 Of course we do.

00:42:19.799 --> 00:42:20.779
 But the danger, of

00:42:20.779 --> 00:42:21.619
 course, in engaging

00:42:21.619 --> 00:42:22.339
 with the world around

00:42:22.339 --> 00:42:23.659
 us is about

00:42:23.659 --> 00:42:24.519
 realising it.

00:42:24.739 --> 00:42:25.799
 We're becoming like

00:42:25.799 --> 00:42:27.219
 the world around us.

00:42:27.219 --> 00:42:28.379
 It might be the

00:42:28.379 --> 00:42:28.839
 risk you have to

00:42:28.839 --> 00:42:29.119
 take.

00:42:29.539 --> 00:42:30.059
 This might be

00:42:30.059 --> 00:42:31.019
 exactly the right

00:42:31.019 --> 00:42:31.579
 thing to do.

00:42:31.899 --> 00:42:32.619
 We want to reach

00:42:32.619 --> 00:42:33.139
 the culture, we

00:42:33.139 --> 00:42:33.679
 want to get close

00:42:33.679 --> 00:42:34.379
 to the culture, we

00:42:34.379 --> 00:42:35.079
 want to engage

00:42:35.079 --> 00:42:35.539
 with the culture.

00:42:36.480 --> 00:42:37.279
 We must.

00:42:39.019 --> 00:42:39.659
 But there is a

00:42:39.659 --> 00:42:41.539
 danger that we

00:42:41.539 --> 00:42:43.339
 then start thinking

00:42:43.339 --> 00:42:44.139
 like the culture,

00:42:44.519 --> 00:42:46.159
 we start engaging

00:42:46.159 --> 00:42:46.859
 with the culture in

00:42:46.859 --> 00:42:47.659
 ways that might be

00:42:47.659 --> 00:42:49.099
 less happy.

00:42:49.099 --> 00:42:52.059
 And so we need

00:42:52.059 --> 00:42:53.799
 sessions like this

00:42:53.799 --> 00:42:55.199
 morning to remind

00:42:55.199 --> 00:42:56.339
 us of the ways

00:42:56.339 --> 00:42:58.079
 we've been influenced

00:42:58.079 --> 00:42:59.639
 sometimes for our

00:42:59.639 --> 00:43:00.279
 world, sometimes

00:43:00.279 --> 00:43:00.880
 for our world.

00:43:02.639 --> 00:43:03.219
 So let me get

00:43:03.219 --> 00:43:03.460
 some more

00:43:03.460 --> 00:43:03.719
 questions.

00:43:03.799 --> 00:43:04.000
 John?

00:43:04.360 --> 00:43:04.639
 Yeah.

00:43:05.059 --> 00:43:05.980
 No, Rhys, this is

00:43:05.980 --> 00:43:07.719
 so, so, I

00:43:07.719 --> 00:43:08.880
 think.

00:43:11.779 --> 00:43:12.480
 One of the

00:43:12.480 --> 00:43:13.059
 impressions that

00:43:13.059 --> 00:43:13.579
 one can easily

00:43:13.579 --> 00:43:15.019
 get is that our

00:43:15.019 --> 00:43:15.880
 culture deeply

00:43:15.880 --> 00:43:17.519
 inflates our

00:43:17.519 --> 00:43:19.980
 engagement with

00:43:19.980 --> 00:43:20.960
 the gospel, truth,

00:43:21.079 --> 00:43:22.079
 reality, all of

00:43:22.079 --> 00:43:22.860
 these things.

00:43:23.719 --> 00:43:24.380
 And we so

00:43:24.380 --> 00:43:26.159
 absorb these

00:43:26.159 --> 00:43:26.940
 things of culture

00:43:26.940 --> 00:43:28.639
 that, I mean,

00:43:28.800 --> 00:43:30.280
 a reaction could

00:43:30.280 --> 00:43:30.960
 easily be one of

00:43:30.960 --> 00:43:31.320
 the wrong.

00:43:31.619 --> 00:43:31.920
 I don't know.

00:43:31.920 --> 00:43:32.480
 Yeah, yeah, yeah.

00:43:32.480 --> 00:43:34.639
 There is a gospel

00:43:34.639 --> 00:43:35.679
 truth, there is the

00:43:35.679 --> 00:43:36.519
 way it is, there is

00:43:36.519 --> 00:43:37.380
 true reality, there

00:43:37.380 --> 00:43:38.139
 is the God's eye

00:43:38.139 --> 00:43:38.960
 view of things.

00:43:39.619 --> 00:43:40.320
 And my goodness,

00:43:40.739 --> 00:43:42.599
 this is a disaster

00:43:42.599 --> 00:43:43.900
 that we are so

00:43:43.900 --> 00:43:44.639
 enculturated.

00:43:45.840 --> 00:43:47.159
 What do we do

00:43:47.159 --> 00:43:49.839
 to resist that

00:43:49.839 --> 00:43:51.619
 sort of permeation

00:43:51.619 --> 00:43:52.460
 of culture?

00:43:52.679 --> 00:43:53.219
 My goodness,

00:43:54.379 --> 00:43:55.239
 is it inevitable

00:43:55.239 --> 00:43:56.779
 that we, if in

00:43:56.779 --> 00:43:57.799
 the world, we

00:43:57.799 --> 00:43:58.279
 are of it?

00:43:58.399 --> 00:43:59.000
 And thinking

00:43:59.000 --> 00:44:02.019
 that that sort

00:44:02.019 --> 00:44:04.179
 of culture

00:44:04.179 --> 00:44:05.699
 pervading us

00:44:05.699 --> 00:44:09.259
 is exclusively

00:44:09.259 --> 00:44:10.899
 a harming thing.

00:44:12.619 --> 00:44:13.639
 We need to be

00:44:13.639 --> 00:44:14.579
 more God-like

00:44:14.579 --> 00:44:16.000
 outside of culture.

00:44:16.000 --> 00:44:17.519
 and there's

00:44:17.519 --> 00:44:18.039
 certainly a lot

00:44:18.039 --> 00:44:18.679
 of this that

00:44:18.679 --> 00:44:21.840
 it is much

00:44:21.840 --> 00:44:22.360
 of culture

00:44:22.360 --> 00:44:23.960
 is a sinful

00:44:23.960 --> 00:44:24.599
 inflection

00:44:24.599 --> 00:44:26.099
 in some way

00:44:26.099 --> 00:44:26.920
 that falls short

00:44:26.920 --> 00:44:27.800
 of God's glory.

00:44:28.519 --> 00:44:29.059
 But is there

00:44:29.059 --> 00:44:29.920
 not another way

00:44:29.920 --> 00:44:31.420
 in which there

00:44:31.420 --> 00:44:32.239
 is an inevitability

00:44:32.239 --> 00:44:33.139
 of culture

00:44:33.139 --> 00:44:33.739
 in the fact

00:44:33.739 --> 00:44:34.800
 that we are

00:44:34.800 --> 00:44:37.000
 creatures?

00:44:38.079 --> 00:44:38.780
 It means we're

00:44:38.780 --> 00:44:39.880
 in time and space

00:44:39.880 --> 00:44:42.900
 and we are in

00:44:42.900 --> 00:44:43.500
 space.

00:44:43.559 --> 00:44:44.340
 That means we

00:44:44.340 --> 00:44:45.880
 are perspectival.

00:44:46.099 --> 00:44:46.880
 We are positioned

00:44:46.880 --> 00:44:48.599
 during times.

00:44:50.599 --> 00:44:52.160
 So in a sense,

00:44:52.900 --> 00:44:54.980
 this is simply

00:44:54.980 --> 00:44:55.559
 what sort of

00:44:55.559 --> 00:44:56.680
 creatureliness

00:44:56.680 --> 00:44:57.720
 in part.

00:44:57.840 --> 00:44:58.640
 Not exclusively,

00:44:58.820 --> 00:44:59.640
 but that's in part.

00:45:00.240 --> 00:45:01.099
 And this longing

00:45:01.099 --> 00:45:02.099
 for integration,

00:45:02.099 --> 00:45:03.839
 is there

00:45:03.839 --> 00:45:06.559
 is that

00:45:06.559 --> 00:45:07.279
 integration

00:45:07.279 --> 00:45:07.900
 going to be

00:45:07.900 --> 00:45:08.559
 something that

00:45:08.559 --> 00:45:09.339
 will indeed be

00:45:09.339 --> 00:45:10.000
 an integration

00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:10.699
 of all these

00:45:10.699 --> 00:45:11.319
 different cultural

00:45:11.319 --> 00:45:12.500
 elements purifying

00:45:12.500 --> 00:45:14.920
 but then expressed

00:45:14.920 --> 00:45:15.480
 in the new

00:45:15.480 --> 00:45:16.339
 heavens and the new

00:45:16.339 --> 00:45:16.559
 earth

00:45:16.559 --> 00:45:18.179
 where the wealth

00:45:18.179 --> 00:45:18.639
 of nations

00:45:18.639 --> 00:45:19.319
 come in

00:45:19.319 --> 00:45:20.319
 and it is purified

00:45:20.319 --> 00:45:21.079
 but there will

00:45:21.079 --> 00:45:22.119
 be this final

00:45:22.119 --> 00:45:22.699
 integration

00:45:22.699 --> 00:45:23.659
 but not in terms

00:45:23.659 --> 00:45:24.480
 of a dissolution

00:45:24.480 --> 00:45:25.539
 or creatureness

00:45:25.539 --> 00:45:28.800
 or an elimination

00:45:28.800 --> 00:45:29.759
 of culture

00:45:29.759 --> 00:45:32.860
 but an expression

00:45:32.860 --> 00:45:33.679
 of culture

00:45:33.679 --> 00:45:34.800
 in distinct ways

00:45:34.800 --> 00:45:35.759
 that actually

00:45:35.759 --> 00:45:36.719
 are horrifying

00:45:36.719 --> 00:45:37.400
 in the street

00:45:37.400 --> 00:45:38.699
 or a community.

00:45:39.259 --> 00:45:40.079
 Could you help us

00:45:40.079 --> 00:45:41.539
 to pull some

00:45:41.539 --> 00:45:42.059
 of these things

00:45:42.059 --> 00:45:42.840
 together because

00:45:42.840 --> 00:45:44.340
 it could easily

00:45:44.340 --> 00:45:44.840
 be just,

00:45:45.239 --> 00:45:46.139
 oh my goodness.

00:45:47.420 --> 00:45:48.460
 We so reflect

00:45:48.460 --> 00:45:49.019
 our culture

00:45:49.019 --> 00:45:49.460
 and that must

00:45:49.460 --> 00:45:50.320
 be just an anthem.

00:45:51.400 --> 00:45:52.059
 Yes, a question.

00:45:52.219 --> 00:45:52.579
 Are you in sense

00:45:52.579 --> 00:45:52.880
 at all?

00:45:52.920 --> 00:45:53.599
 Yes, let's do it.

00:45:53.599 --> 00:45:53.940
 Okay.

00:45:54.039 --> 00:45:54.179
 Okay.

00:45:55.539 --> 00:45:58.400
 So, you're right,

00:45:58.500 --> 00:45:58.639
 John.

00:45:58.880 --> 00:46:00.159
 We can't but help

00:46:00.159 --> 00:46:03.639
 reflect culture

00:46:03.639 --> 00:46:03.980
 around it.

00:46:03.980 --> 00:46:04.739
 We're all speaking

00:46:04.739 --> 00:46:05.699
 English this morning

00:46:05.699 --> 00:46:06.239
 in this room

00:46:06.239 --> 00:46:08.039
 which shapes

00:46:08.039 --> 00:46:08.699
 the way we think.

00:46:09.920 --> 00:46:10.719
 We're living

00:46:10.719 --> 00:46:11.139
 in a certain

00:46:11.139 --> 00:46:11.779
 time and place.

00:46:11.900 --> 00:46:12.480
 We have certain

00:46:12.480 --> 00:46:13.340
 assumptions about

00:46:13.340 --> 00:46:15.619
 time or

00:46:15.619 --> 00:46:16.619
 individual value

00:46:16.619 --> 00:46:17.940
 and none of those

00:46:17.940 --> 00:46:19.000
 are bad things.

00:46:19.420 --> 00:46:20.300
 We can't not

00:46:20.300 --> 00:46:21.159
 move into culture.

00:46:21.880 --> 00:46:22.619
 We've just got to

00:46:22.619 --> 00:46:23.719
 allow ourselves

00:46:23.719 --> 00:46:25.460
 to be aware

00:46:25.460 --> 00:46:29.000
 and let people

00:46:29.000 --> 00:46:29.820
 help us

00:46:29.820 --> 00:46:30.659
 think through

00:46:30.659 --> 00:46:32.079
 what the culture

00:46:32.079 --> 00:46:33.179
 is and does.

00:46:33.880 --> 00:46:34.360
 So, that's a

00:46:34.360 --> 00:46:36.059
 kind of a humble

00:46:36.059 --> 00:46:38.240
 posture, isn't it?

00:46:38.240 --> 00:46:40.760
 To get input

00:46:40.760 --> 00:46:41.780
 so we can think

00:46:41.780 --> 00:46:42.440
 more clearly.

00:46:44.199 --> 00:46:45.360
 To resist where

00:46:45.360 --> 00:46:45.840
 we will.

00:46:45.980 --> 00:46:46.519
 What our questions

00:46:46.519 --> 00:46:47.300
 often do we'll see

00:46:47.300 --> 00:46:48.880
 in the bottom line

00:46:48.880 --> 00:46:49.619
 is create new

00:46:49.619 --> 00:46:50.420
 denominations.

00:46:50.420 --> 00:46:53.039
 I'm not sure

00:46:53.039 --> 00:46:53.720
 that that's the

00:46:53.720 --> 00:46:54.960
 answer to every

00:46:54.960 --> 00:46:55.820
 cultural moment

00:46:55.820 --> 00:46:57.000
 that we need to

00:46:57.000 --> 00:46:58.000
 hold on to what's

00:46:58.000 --> 00:46:58.519
 precious from

00:46:58.519 --> 00:46:59.440
 generations past

00:46:59.440 --> 00:47:00.659
 and then allow

00:47:00.659 --> 00:47:01.360
 our churches,

00:47:01.800 --> 00:47:02.659
 well, the

00:47:02.659 --> 00:47:03.119
 Protestant

00:47:03.119 --> 00:47:03.960
 work have always

00:47:03.960 --> 00:47:05.960
 reformed and not

00:47:05.960 --> 00:47:06.720
 to let ourselves

00:47:06.720 --> 00:47:07.720
 think that we must

00:47:07.720 --> 00:47:09.480
 be continually of

00:47:09.480 --> 00:47:10.579
 this shape or

00:47:10.579 --> 00:47:12.099
 this size but

00:47:12.099 --> 00:47:13.200
 that in time

00:47:13.200 --> 00:47:14.420
 we'll adapt,

00:47:15.340 --> 00:47:16.440
 we'll cut off

00:47:16.440 --> 00:47:16.940
 some limbs,

00:47:17.099 --> 00:47:17.780
 we'll grow new

00:47:17.780 --> 00:47:18.620
 ones, fresh

00:47:18.620 --> 00:47:19.480
 shoots and so

00:47:19.480 --> 00:47:19.720
 on.

00:47:21.040 --> 00:47:21.900
 I like what

00:47:21.900 --> 00:47:23.460
 Jaroslav Pelican

00:47:23.460 --> 00:47:24.380
 said, the

00:47:24.380 --> 00:47:25.019
 professor of

00:47:25.019 --> 00:47:25.640
 church history

00:47:25.640 --> 00:47:26.040
 at Yale,

00:47:26.180 --> 00:47:26.780
 he said that

00:47:26.780 --> 00:47:28.440
 the church is

00:47:28.440 --> 00:47:30.100
 unified, it's

00:47:30.100 --> 00:47:30.560
 just not

00:47:30.560 --> 00:47:30.960
 beautiful.

00:47:31.700 --> 00:47:32.100
 Yes.

00:47:32.340 --> 00:47:32.560
 Okay.

00:47:32.900 --> 00:47:33.580
 We have a

00:47:33.580 --> 00:47:35.220
 deep, we have

00:47:35.220 --> 00:47:36.280
 deep unity

00:47:36.280 --> 00:47:36.720
 in the

00:47:36.720 --> 00:47:37.060
 spirit.

00:47:37.280 --> 00:47:37.500
 Yeah.

00:47:38.519 --> 00:47:39.320
 We're out

00:47:39.320 --> 00:47:41.280
 here and we're

00:47:41.280 --> 00:47:43.500
 all going

00:47:43.500 --> 00:47:44.220
 on the way

00:47:44.220 --> 00:47:45.220
 but the

00:47:45.220 --> 00:47:45.840
 spirit will

00:47:45.840 --> 00:47:46.420
 work out.

00:47:46.840 --> 00:47:47.240
 Yes.

00:47:47.239 --> 00:47:49.959
 And this

00:47:49.959 --> 00:47:50.899
 final column

00:47:50.899 --> 00:47:51.919
 of all of

00:47:51.919 --> 00:47:52.579
 them,

00:47:55.419 --> 00:47:56.359
 the unity

00:47:56.359 --> 00:47:58.699
 appearing to

00:47:58.699 --> 00:47:59.379
 the spirit

00:47:59.379 --> 00:47:59.899
 to bring

00:47:59.899 --> 00:48:00.779
 unity where

00:48:00.779 --> 00:48:01.279
 there was

00:48:01.279 --> 00:48:02.319
 fragmentation

00:48:02.319 --> 00:48:02.919
 was a pretty

00:48:02.919 --> 00:48:03.559
 big thing.

00:48:05.959 --> 00:48:06.779
 It strikes me

00:48:06.779 --> 00:48:07.579
 what we're

00:48:07.579 --> 00:48:08.179
 doing here

00:48:08.179 --> 00:48:09.000
 kind of helps

00:48:09.000 --> 00:48:09.839
 alleviate some

00:48:09.839 --> 00:48:10.959
 of the dangers

00:48:10.959 --> 00:48:13.959
 of being so

00:48:13.959 --> 00:48:15.199
 situated in a

00:48:15.199 --> 00:48:15.739
 culture that

00:48:15.739 --> 00:48:16.419
 we're not aware

00:48:16.420 --> 00:48:16.920
 of the culture

00:48:16.920 --> 00:48:17.720
 shaping us.

00:48:18.220 --> 00:48:18.840
 It's just

00:48:18.840 --> 00:48:19.700
 striking, if I

00:48:19.700 --> 00:48:21.119
 were to say, I

00:48:21.119 --> 00:48:21.860
 only want to

00:48:21.860 --> 00:48:22.980
 fellowship with

00:48:22.980 --> 00:48:23.599
 Christians from

00:48:23.599 --> 00:48:23.980
 New England.

00:48:24.599 --> 00:48:25.480
 I don't want to

00:48:25.480 --> 00:48:26.139
 fellowship with

00:48:26.139 --> 00:48:26.720
 South American

00:48:26.720 --> 00:48:27.500
 Christians or

00:48:27.500 --> 00:48:27.960
 Christians from

00:48:27.960 --> 00:48:28.460
 Australia.

00:48:29.460 --> 00:48:29.579
 That'd be

00:48:29.579 --> 00:48:29.639
 like...

00:48:29.639 --> 00:48:32.639
 That'd be

00:48:32.639 --> 00:48:33.860
 abominable, but

00:48:33.860 --> 00:48:35.360
 do we want to

00:48:35.360 --> 00:48:35.840
 fellowship with

00:48:35.840 --> 00:48:36.700
 Christians who

00:48:36.700 --> 00:48:37.400
 lived in the

00:48:37.400 --> 00:48:38.640
 1500s and

00:48:38.640 --> 00:48:39.300
 lived in the

00:48:39.300 --> 00:48:40.019
 1800s.

00:48:40.740 --> 00:48:41.420
 And some of

00:48:41.420 --> 00:48:42.120
 that is

00:48:42.120 --> 00:48:43.599
 they're challenging

00:48:43.599 --> 00:48:45.380
 me and how I'm

00:48:45.380 --> 00:48:45.900
 thinking about

00:48:45.900 --> 00:48:46.599
 certain things.

00:48:47.599 --> 00:48:49.099
 And I love how

00:48:49.099 --> 00:48:50.960
 you show how

00:48:50.960 --> 00:48:51.760
 some of these

00:48:51.760 --> 00:48:53.500
 movements have

00:48:53.500 --> 00:48:54.460
 a good...

00:48:54.460 --> 00:48:55.079
 There's a good

00:48:55.079 --> 00:48:56.460
 impulse in a lot

00:48:56.460 --> 00:48:57.039
 of these things.

00:48:57.700 --> 00:48:58.780
 And it's not just

00:48:58.780 --> 00:49:00.099
 a danger, but

00:49:00.099 --> 00:49:00.840
 there are also

00:49:00.840 --> 00:49:02.200
 ways that God is

00:49:02.199 --> 00:49:03.039
 perhaps refining

00:49:03.039 --> 00:49:04.159
 his people to

00:49:04.159 --> 00:49:04.980
 be more

00:49:04.980 --> 00:49:06.419
 integrated, to

00:49:06.419 --> 00:49:07.679
 experience the

00:49:07.679 --> 00:49:08.359
 shape, to

00:49:08.359 --> 00:49:08.799
 match our

00:49:08.799 --> 00:49:09.319
 theology.

00:49:09.879 --> 00:49:10.679
 It's not

00:49:10.679 --> 00:49:11.739
 fundamentally evil

00:49:11.739 --> 00:49:12.639
 to have

00:49:12.639 --> 00:49:13.299
 cushions and

00:49:13.299 --> 00:49:13.779
 seats in

00:49:13.779 --> 00:49:14.139
 church.

00:49:15.019 --> 00:49:15.639
 It's not

00:49:15.639 --> 00:49:16.779
 fundamentally evil

00:49:16.779 --> 00:49:18.039
 to have

00:49:18.039 --> 00:49:19.500
 kind of flowers

00:49:19.500 --> 00:49:19.939
 in church,

00:49:20.000 --> 00:49:20.199
 right?

00:49:20.519 --> 00:49:21.399
 When it first

00:49:21.399 --> 00:49:21.759
 happened, it

00:49:21.759 --> 00:49:22.319
 was completely

00:49:22.319 --> 00:49:22.679
 weird.

00:49:23.359 --> 00:49:24.419
 You can imagine

00:49:24.419 --> 00:49:25.279
 people going to

00:49:25.279 --> 00:49:26.439
 the pastor

00:49:26.439 --> 00:49:28.239
 saying, we

00:49:28.239 --> 00:49:28.619
 must have

00:49:28.619 --> 00:49:29.059
 did this.

00:49:30.059 --> 00:49:30.539
 That's right.

00:49:30.539 --> 00:49:41.480
 I've got to

00:49:41.480 --> 00:49:41.779
 go get my

00:49:41.779 --> 00:49:42.059
 microphone.