WEBVTT

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 And the topic this morning is how do the state and church relate?

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 How do the state and the church relate?

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 Maybe a better way of framing this is how does religion interact with government?

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 Now I use that word religion because religion is much broader than just the state.

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 I'm defining religion as all good attorneys do to define their terms.

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 Religion is how do we answer ultimate questions about our life and then prescribing actions based on those answers.

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 So how does religion, these ultimate questions, interact with government?

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 Let's pray and then we'll dive into this question together.

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 Father in heaven, we thank you for this time together.

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 We thank you for your Lord, the Lord Jesus.

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 Give us insight.

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 Lord, this topic is often confusing and complex.

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 Lord, give us clarity.

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 Bind our hearts together.

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 Love the church.

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 Father, give us an anchor in these church lives.

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 Father, for your namesake, would the church live as you call it?

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 Father, for your namesake, would the church live as you call it?

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 As a people for your own possession.

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 We pray in Jesus' name.

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 Amen.

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 So how am I going to answer this question?

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 Thankfully, Christianity was not started the year you and I were born.

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 In fact, there have been Christians who have carried the same burdens we face today.

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 Who have thought through these questions and made mistakes.

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 And we can learn from them.

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 There's no phrase, those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.

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 So, in light of that, I want to have this discussion in light of church history.

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 Through the lens of church history.

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 And one of the lessons you often find in church history is that you realize that old errors are so often recycled and repackaged in new forms.

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 Right?

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 There's nothing new on this side.

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 So to face the challenge of a culture that might be unraveling like a cheap sweater, we can go further back in time to men and women who have thought through these things, carry the same burdens, and have wisdom for us.

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 And so for the second half of the class, I'm going to reference Augustine.

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 Augustine.

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 One of those early church fathers in the 5th century from North Africa.

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 Now, you might not agree with everything Augustine has to say.

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 But he does have a wonderful way of framing the issue for us in the 21st century.

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 So to give us a road map of where we're headed on this journey, we're going to talk about the context of the early church.

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 Then Constantine.

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 Third, the crisis.

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 And fourth, the Magnus Otis.

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 And what's Augustine's Magnus Opus?

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 The City of God.

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 That book, The City of God.

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 It took him 13 years to write that.

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 The City of God.

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 So let's start with the context of the early church.

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 So I want to picture yourself in 5th century Rome.

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 You're going to take a time machine.

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 We're going to travel to about 410 A.D.

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 If you were living then, you may have heard stories of the horrible, twisted, violent persecution that Christians faced.

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 Because of their allegiance to Christ, Christians were slandered, mocked, misrepresented, nailed crosses, lit on fire, and made and torn apart by animals.

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 Christians often were scapegoated in Rome.

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 To describe this time, a 2nd century pastor, Petulian, once said,

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 If the Tiber River rises too high or the Nile too low, the cry is,

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 The Christians to the lion!

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 These Christians were scapegoated.

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 And to face a death, they were witnesses of the risen Christ.

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 This was reality.

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 And often this persecution would be top down from the emperors.

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 Top down from the emperors.

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 So unlike today, there was no voting for the emperors on election day.

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 No consent of the governor.

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 In this context, Paul would tell Christians in Romans chapter 13, verse 1, to give the government their due.

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 He writes,

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 Let every person be subject to the governing authorities.

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 For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God.

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 And so scripture says, earthly governments are ordained by God to administer justice.

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 And believers are to be subject to their authority.

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 Even unjust governments.

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 Even unjust governments.

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 Peter writes, honor the emperor.

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 Yeah, even the corrupt one, like Nero.

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 Honor the emperor.

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 Christians are to honor the very governments that later would arrest the next week then.

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 Why would anyone do this?

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 1 Peter 2, verse 21 tells us,

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 For to this you have been called, because Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example, so that you might follow in his steps.

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 So submit to the civil authorities, pay your taxes, honor the emperor, and when reviled, do not revile in return.

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 That's the rule.

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 Now, of course, there are limits on disobedience.

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 Some of us want to immediately go to the exception.

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 We collaborate, but we never compromise.

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 We collaborate, but we never compromise.

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 There are places where we cannot go.

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 Like our modern day, Romans consider themselves inclusive and tolerant.

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 And tolerant.

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 So inclusive and tolerant.

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 But there's a catch.

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 Rome was tolerant as long as you accept the status quo.

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 And the status quo involved taking part in religious worship of the emperor.

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 You know, bow down.

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 Offer some incense.

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 It's not a big deal.

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 It's a big deal, Christian.

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 Be a good Roman citizen and bow down to the emperor.

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 And this is where Christians ran into trouble.

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 And does anyone know what Christians were called for their refusal to worship the Roman pantheon?

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 Atheists.

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 Atheists.

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 Why were they called atheists?

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 They didn't seem to believe in the gods.

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 Right.

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 They worshiped this god who was invisible.

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 They didn't worship the visible pantheon of gods.

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 They were atheists.

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 And many consider Christians to be dangerous to the unity of the empire.

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 Threats to society.

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 I mean, you can almost picture, like, imagine yourself a Roman official.

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 Right.

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 These Christians were gathering together.

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 The upper class slaves and women were calling each other brother and sister.

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 Right.

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 We even heard that they drank the blood and ate the flesh of this king Jesus whom they worshiped.

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 What in the world is going on?

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 Right.

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 These Christians were odd.

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 They're weird.

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 They're suspicious.

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 Now, we live in the 21st century, but we have first century problems.

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 Right.

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 But we also have an opportunity to live out first century Christianity.

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 When Christianity becomes increasingly weird and suspicious in our culture.

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 But as you listen to these stories, in the 5th century Rome, of the context of the early church,

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 maybe you hear how everything changed under Constantine.

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 There was the Constantinian moments where things suddenly turned upside down.

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 In 312 AD, Christians found a champion in Emperor Constantine.

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 In some ways, this is a very paradoxical age.

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 So we're going to break this down by looking at the beautiful and the good,

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 and then we're going to get into the ugly.

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 So let's start with the beautiful and the good of Constantine.

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 Now, picture yourself.

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 Imagine witnessing family and friends martyred.

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 And then very suddenly, Christians are supported.

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 To illustrate how sudden this was,

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 Roman officials kissed the broken hands of the Christians whom they had tortured.

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 And understand, Constantine didn't just proclaim freedom of religion for Christians,

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 but initially it was for everyone.

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 No longer fearing for your life.

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 That's good.

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 Constantine restored property and legal rights to Christians.

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 He subsidized the building of new church buildings.

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 He even organized church councils.

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 A force in the passing of the Nicene Creed,

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 which brought unity to Christians,

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 declaring that Jesus is Lord over and against the heresy of Arianism.

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 For Constantine, it brought unity to the Roman Empire.

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 For Constantine,

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 and most historians recognize this,

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 it represents a turning point in the Western world.

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 Previously marginalized Christianity began to be a driving cultural force in the Roman Empire.

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 And even Emperor Constantine at this point claims to be a Christian.

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 So imagine yourself in that context.

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 What do you do when now the leader of the emperor claims to be a Christian,

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 and Christianity is now a driving cultural force in the Roman Empire?

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 So this is the advent of Christendom.

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 What do you do?

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 What would you do

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 where the majority in society

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 now call themselves Christians?

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 Now, I think we need some intellectual humility in the 21st century.

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 Philip Yancey, a Christian author,

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 once recounted a conversation with a Muslim,

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 who said,

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 I find no guidance in the Koran

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 on how a Muslim should live as a minority in the society,

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 and no guidance in the New Testament

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 on how Christians should live as a majority.

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 Now, that might be overstated.

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 Right?

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 But he's touching on something there, isn't he?

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 Right?

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 If you approach the Bible with the question,

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 what's the right political order,

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 you're not going to find the answer.

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 It's the wrong question.

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 But it does answer this question very clearly.

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 What is the church?

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 The Bible has a lot to say about what is the church.

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 So your understanding of ecclesiology

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 is going to influence your thinking on political theology.

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 And Nick touched on this last week.

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 And initially, I had 30 minutes of just expositing

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 what is the nature of the doctrine of the church this morning,

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 but I took it out.

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 But your ecclesiology is going to influence your political theology.

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 So a lot of Presbyterians and Baptists

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 have different political theologies

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 because of based on how we understand the church.

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 And we understand Christianity is not just about

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 having your sins forgiven.

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 Right?

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 Christianity touches our political life.

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 Remember we said last week,

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 this is important, but not ultimate.

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 The Greek word polis,

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 from which we get the word political,

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 simply means city.

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 How is the city working?

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 Right?

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 And we're serving on the mount people.

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 Poor in spirit.

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 Mourning and thirsting.

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 After righteousness.

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 Christians care about what God cares about.

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 Human flourishing.

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 Protecting the innocent from being falsely convicted.

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 Protecting the vulnerable.

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 Caring for the poor.

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 Christians now bring in their values

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 to advocate for what is right and good in Rome.

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 And this begins to influence the Roman Empire

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 in good ways.

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 Right?

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 Women were second class citizens back then

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 in the ancient world.

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 And because of Christianity's influence,

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 the lowest in society started to gain

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 some more legal protections.

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 Women now could control property.

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 Women now were protected from sexual assault.

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 Mothers were given legal rights over their children,

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 whereas former women and adopters had those rights.

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 Not to mention, you know,

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 the efforts to protect slaves,

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 the poor.

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 The practice of infanticide was outlawed,

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 where unwarranted babies

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 were left to wild animals

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 and cast into sewers.

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 Abortion was a common medical procedure.

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 The early church had plenty to say about that.

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 And so from the beginning,

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 Christians believed these people had value.

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 Made in the image of God.

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 Money from the imperial treasury

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 was used to help desperate parents

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 who couldn't afford to keep children.

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 And the church acted as sort of a distribution system

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 that the Roman government would use.

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 So this is something we can thank God for.

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 Right?

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 Today we have a lot of non-Christian politicians

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 who say, you know,

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 of course human rights.

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 But friend, there was no

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 of course human rights in ancient Rome.

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 If you believe in human rights,

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 then you can thank Christianity for that.

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 Now for us,

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 this doesn't necessarily mean

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 being involved in institutional politics.

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 through the government.

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 But it might.

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 It might.

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 Maybe God will call some of you

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 to run for mayor,

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 or city council,

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 or a senate.

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 So how would this kind of public witness

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 work today?

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 Christians in the public square.

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 Well, a senator or citizen

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 can argue for a policy

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 on the basis of your Christianity.

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 But the government cannot adopt that position

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 because of Christianity.

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 So influence,

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 but not to institutionalize Christianity.

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 That would violate

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 the anti-establishment clause

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 of the First Amendment.

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 That's the soil in which

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 our representative democracy

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 was founded.

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 Christians can and should influence

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 government for the common good.

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 As someone once said,

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 the early church wasn't a thermometer.

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 They were a thermostat

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 that transformed society.

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 Does anyone know who said that?

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 Does anyone know?

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 Sounds really good to anyone?

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 That was Martin King Jr.

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 in a letter

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 in Birmingham jail.

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 The idea that Christians

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 brought their values

00:14:57.959 --> 00:14:59.039
 for the common good

00:14:59.039 --> 00:15:00.360
 was the civil rights movement.

00:15:02.919 --> 00:15:05.159
 So just laws are a good thing.

00:15:06.000 --> 00:15:06.360
 But remember,

00:15:06.519 --> 00:15:08.059
 laws cannot change the human heart.

00:15:08.819 --> 00:15:10.639
 Laws cannot do the works of culture.

00:15:10.639 --> 00:15:14.439
 Now, one of the reasons

00:15:14.439 --> 00:15:16.240
 why we don't institutionalize Christianity,

00:15:16.500 --> 00:15:18.539
 which John is going to get to next week.

00:15:20.179 --> 00:15:21.559
 Does anyone know why

00:15:21.559 --> 00:15:24.139
 we, in our accounting,

00:15:24.500 --> 00:15:26.279
 we didn't want to institutionalize

00:15:26.279 --> 00:15:28.279
 one specific denomination?

00:15:28.279 --> 00:15:34.100
 They didn't want the religious strife

00:15:34.100 --> 00:15:36.740
 from Europe to come here.

00:15:36.959 --> 00:15:37.480
 Right.

00:15:38.120 --> 00:15:38.360
 Yeah.

00:15:38.539 --> 00:15:40.819
 And that religious strife was here.

00:15:41.199 --> 00:15:42.019
 It was here.

00:15:42.600 --> 00:15:43.740
 The Baptists were the ones

00:15:43.740 --> 00:15:44.860
 who were exiled in the Commonwealth

00:15:44.860 --> 00:15:45.559
 of Massachusetts

00:15:45.559 --> 00:15:47.399
 because they refused to practice

00:15:47.399 --> 00:15:47.959
 the baptism.

00:15:47.960 --> 00:15:52.740
 So the legacy of religious liberty,

00:15:53.360 --> 00:15:54.620
 John's going to get to next week,

00:15:54.700 --> 00:15:55.620
 but that, in part,

00:15:55.700 --> 00:15:57.080
 was due to the fact

00:15:57.080 --> 00:15:58.639
 that Baptists were on the wrong end

00:15:58.639 --> 00:15:59.560
 of religious persecution.

00:16:01.180 --> 00:16:02.160
 Now, some Christians believe

00:16:02.160 --> 00:16:03.420
 if we just pass the right laws,

00:16:03.500 --> 00:16:04.960
 if we just institutionalize Christianity,

00:16:05.759 --> 00:16:07.200
 that will solve the moral decay

00:16:07.200 --> 00:16:07.940
 of our times.

00:16:08.900 --> 00:16:10.519
 But that's chasing after a mirage.

00:16:10.960 --> 00:16:12.300
 Laws cannot do

00:16:12.300 --> 00:16:15.680
 what only the gospel can do.

00:16:15.679 --> 00:16:18.199
 So that's the good side.

00:16:18.379 --> 00:16:19.839
 I mean, let's get to the ugly.

00:16:20.299 --> 00:16:22.159
 So we're going back to Constantine.

00:16:22.479 --> 00:16:23.739
 There was a darker side.

00:16:24.659 --> 00:16:26.500
 Remember, Christians found a champion

00:16:26.500 --> 00:16:28.219
 under Constantine.

00:16:28.759 --> 00:16:29.819
 Constantine was called

00:16:29.819 --> 00:16:32.479
 the capital-L liberator of the church.

00:16:33.379 --> 00:16:35.099
 He was called a Christian emperor

00:16:35.099 --> 00:16:37.120
 by men like Eusebius of Caesarea.

00:16:38.319 --> 00:16:40.899
 The church began to have power and wealth,

00:16:41.319 --> 00:16:43.759
 and so nominalism skyrocketed at that point.

00:16:43.839 --> 00:16:45.099
 If you wanted a career in politics,

00:16:45.100 --> 00:16:46.879
 you were expected to be a Christian

00:16:46.879 --> 00:16:48.600
 under Constantine.

00:16:49.060 --> 00:16:50.580
 But that wasn't the only problem.

00:16:51.879 --> 00:16:53.259
 You may recall hearing

00:16:53.259 --> 00:16:55.879
 in some Western civ class

00:16:55.879 --> 00:16:56.720
 that he took in college

00:16:56.720 --> 00:16:58.800
 the story where Constantine

00:16:58.800 --> 00:17:00.580
 saw a sign in the sky,

00:17:00.840 --> 00:17:02.500
 and when he and his entire army

00:17:02.500 --> 00:17:03.139
 looked up,

00:17:04.799 --> 00:17:07.599
 he saw a Cairo, or a cross,

00:17:07.599 --> 00:17:09.799
 with the words,

00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:11.579
 conquer by this sign.

00:17:12.379 --> 00:17:13.599
 Conquer by this sign.

00:17:13.980 --> 00:17:15.079
 You find meteorologists

00:17:15.079 --> 00:17:16.000
 trying to figure out,

00:17:16.119 --> 00:17:17.139
 how did this all work?

00:17:17.219 --> 00:17:19.759
 How did they find that apparition

00:17:19.759 --> 00:17:20.359
 in the sky?

00:17:21.859 --> 00:17:23.740
 But Constantine put the sign

00:17:23.740 --> 00:17:24.500
 of the cross

00:17:24.500 --> 00:17:26.439
 on the shield of his soldiers,

00:17:27.959 --> 00:17:29.379
 crusading and conquering

00:17:29.379 --> 00:17:31.599
 under the banner of the cross.

00:17:31.599 --> 00:17:35.059
 He hardly ever lost a battle,

00:17:35.059 --> 00:17:36.699
 and he was a ruthless man.

00:17:37.799 --> 00:17:38.899
 In John 18,

00:17:39.299 --> 00:17:41.159
 Peter is rebuked for drawing the sword

00:17:41.159 --> 00:17:42.500
 after Jesus' arrest.

00:17:43.639 --> 00:17:45.199
 And what does Jesus tell Pilate

00:17:45.199 --> 00:17:47.699
 when he's at his trial?

00:17:48.379 --> 00:17:50.059
 My kingdom's not of this world.

00:17:50.379 --> 00:17:52.319
 My kingdom is not of this world.

00:17:52.459 --> 00:17:53.399
 If it were of this world,

00:17:53.480 --> 00:17:54.480
 my servants would be fighting.

00:17:54.480 --> 00:17:57.380
 So the Christ kingdom

00:17:57.380 --> 00:17:58.779
 does not advance

00:17:58.779 --> 00:17:59.920
 through course of power,

00:18:00.180 --> 00:18:01.240
 but through the word.

00:18:02.140 --> 00:18:03.860
 We don't fight fire with fire.

00:18:04.500 --> 00:18:05.240
 Civil governments

00:18:05.240 --> 00:18:06.680
 cannot cause conversions.

00:18:07.519 --> 00:18:08.079
 You know, the sword,

00:18:08.160 --> 00:18:08.900
 convert or die!

00:18:09.200 --> 00:18:10.220
 That doesn't happen.

00:18:10.380 --> 00:18:11.400
 That cannot happen.

00:18:12.059 --> 00:18:12.740
 So now you see

00:18:12.740 --> 00:18:13.660
 what's happening here

00:18:13.660 --> 00:18:14.880
 under Constantine.

00:18:15.980 --> 00:18:17.039
 Now there's confusion

00:18:17.039 --> 00:18:17.720
 of categories.

00:18:18.539 --> 00:18:19.720
 The church and the state

00:18:19.720 --> 00:18:22.460
 are now molding together.

00:18:22.460 --> 00:18:25.019
 And theologians at that time

00:18:25.019 --> 00:18:27.559
 began linking Constantine's rule

00:18:27.559 --> 00:18:29.480
 with the rule of God.

00:18:30.640 --> 00:18:32.059
 Jerome, one of the church fathers,

00:18:32.180 --> 00:18:32.360
 said,

00:18:32.500 --> 00:18:33.860
 Rome was an earthly reflection

00:18:33.860 --> 00:18:34.840
 of the kingdom of heaven.

00:18:37.539 --> 00:18:38.579
 You know, someone once said,

00:18:38.860 --> 00:18:40.259
 I think Nick Vizenti told me this,

00:18:40.299 --> 00:18:41.660
 this is like Trump on stairways.

00:18:42.840 --> 00:18:43.079
 Right?

00:18:43.799 --> 00:18:45.140
 You hear this rhetoric today.

00:18:46.200 --> 00:18:46.340
 Right?

00:18:46.400 --> 00:18:47.000
 Ronald Reagan,

00:18:47.220 --> 00:18:49.460
 in his farewell address,

00:18:49.579 --> 00:18:49.880
 famous,

00:18:49.960 --> 00:18:50.220
 he said,

00:18:50.220 --> 00:18:52.400
 America is the shining city

00:18:52.400 --> 00:18:52.960
 on a hill.

00:18:53.860 --> 00:18:55.140
 Drawed upon Matthew 5,

00:18:55.180 --> 00:18:55.960
 verse 14,

00:18:56.019 --> 00:18:56.980
 in the top of the last week.

00:18:57.339 --> 00:18:58.440
 You are the light of the world.

00:18:58.700 --> 00:18:59.460
 A city on a hill,

00:18:59.460 --> 00:18:59.900
 set on a hill,

00:18:59.980 --> 00:19:00.519
 cannot be hidden.

00:19:01.120 --> 00:19:01.759
 And the you there

00:19:01.759 --> 00:19:02.880
 is not referring to America,

00:19:03.440 --> 00:19:04.839
 it's referring to the church.

00:19:06.480 --> 00:19:07.360
 But the temptation

00:19:07.360 --> 00:19:08.400
 to confuse categories

00:19:08.400 --> 00:19:10.279
 is bipartisan.

00:19:10.680 --> 00:19:11.120
 Unfortunately,

00:19:11.259 --> 00:19:12.380
 blasphemy is bipartisan

00:19:12.380 --> 00:19:13.940
 on both sides of the aisle.

00:19:14.980 --> 00:19:15.900
 In 2021,

00:19:16.279 --> 00:19:16.960
 President Biden,

00:19:17.220 --> 00:19:18.579
 speaking of the American military

00:19:18.579 --> 00:19:19.519
 going to Afghanistan,

00:19:20.259 --> 00:19:21.720
 quoted Isaiah chapter 6,

00:19:21.779 --> 00:19:22.199
 verse 8.

00:19:22.619 --> 00:19:23.359
 The Lord says,

00:19:23.539 --> 00:19:24.439
 Whom shall I send?

00:19:24.740 --> 00:19:25.939
 Who shall go for us?

00:19:26.639 --> 00:19:27.720
 Biden then said,

00:19:28.079 --> 00:19:29.159
 The American military

00:19:29.159 --> 00:19:29.960
 has been answering

00:19:29.960 --> 00:19:31.019
 for a long time.

00:19:31.339 --> 00:19:31.960
 Here I am,

00:19:32.039 --> 00:19:32.299
 Lord,

00:19:32.779 --> 00:19:33.199
 send me.

00:19:33.279 --> 00:19:33.879
 Here I am,

00:19:34.599 --> 00:19:35.240
 send me.

00:19:39.099 --> 00:19:40.480
 God's saving mission

00:19:40.480 --> 00:19:42.559
 is not a military campaign

00:19:42.559 --> 00:19:43.519
 to blow up buildings

00:19:43.519 --> 00:19:43.980
 in Kabul.

00:19:45.259 --> 00:19:46.439
 Let me ask this question,

00:19:46.440 --> 00:19:48.140
 what kind of problems

00:19:48.140 --> 00:19:50.320
 does this create

00:19:50.320 --> 00:19:51.500
 for the gospel witness

00:19:51.500 --> 00:19:53.000
 in places like Afghanistan?

00:19:55.400 --> 00:19:57.019
 Where God's purposes

00:19:57.019 --> 00:19:59.279
 are American military campaigns

00:19:59.279 --> 00:20:00.660
 overseas.

00:20:00.960 --> 00:20:01.779
 What kind of problems

00:20:01.779 --> 00:20:02.200
 does this create

00:20:02.200 --> 00:20:02.720
 for Christians

00:20:02.720 --> 00:20:03.880
 for the gospel witness

00:20:03.880 --> 00:20:04.960
 overseas?

00:20:05.840 --> 00:20:06.440
 Well,

00:20:06.779 --> 00:20:08.279
 if you look at Nazi Germany

00:20:08.279 --> 00:20:09.380
 where the church

00:20:09.380 --> 00:20:11.580
 caved to Hitler

00:20:11.579 --> 00:20:14.220
 and did not stand up

00:20:14.220 --> 00:20:14.839
 as a witness

00:20:14.839 --> 00:20:17.220
 against the government,

00:20:19.299 --> 00:20:19.759
 terrible,

00:20:20.179 --> 00:20:22.419
 terrible confusion

00:20:22.419 --> 00:20:24.500
 over what Christianity is

00:20:24.500 --> 00:20:25.319
 and what it meant.

00:20:25.740 --> 00:20:27.980
 And my sister-in-law

00:20:27.980 --> 00:20:28.579
 who's Jewish

00:20:28.579 --> 00:20:30.240
 and she really

00:20:30.240 --> 00:20:31.259
 doesn't want to hear

00:20:31.259 --> 00:20:31.980
 about Christianity

00:20:31.980 --> 00:20:34.699
 because of her parents

00:20:34.699 --> 00:20:36.339
 and her parents' experience

00:20:36.339 --> 00:20:36.899
 in Europe.

00:20:36.900 --> 00:20:40.000
 she quakes

00:20:40.000 --> 00:20:40.600
 Nazism

00:20:40.600 --> 00:20:41.280
 and Christianity.

00:20:43.540 --> 00:20:44.300
 That's that.

00:20:44.519 --> 00:20:45.000
 That's what he said.

00:20:45.680 --> 00:20:46.200
 So,

00:20:46.360 --> 00:20:46.740
 if I were

00:20:46.740 --> 00:20:47.420
 into the Taliban,

00:20:48.300 --> 00:20:49.080
 Christian

00:20:49.080 --> 00:20:50.120
 and American

00:20:50.120 --> 00:20:50.640
 would mean

00:20:50.640 --> 00:20:51.360
 the same thing

00:20:51.360 --> 00:20:51.800
 to me.

00:20:53.800 --> 00:20:55.259
 And both hateful.

00:20:56.060 --> 00:20:56.220
 Yeah,

00:20:56.500 --> 00:20:56.920
 that's true.

00:20:57.600 --> 00:20:58.340
 Afghan Christians

00:20:58.340 --> 00:20:58.960
 could be

00:20:58.960 --> 00:21:00.120
 pro-America

00:21:00.120 --> 00:21:01.180
 because

00:21:01.180 --> 00:21:01.640
 what else

00:21:01.640 --> 00:21:02.360
 could they be?

00:21:03.040 --> 00:21:03.480
 Yeah,

00:21:04.900 --> 00:21:05.700
 it seems like

00:21:05.700 --> 00:21:07.000
 you justify violence

00:21:07.000 --> 00:21:07.819
 on the other side

00:21:07.819 --> 00:21:08.519
 to tell them

00:21:08.519 --> 00:21:10.740
 it's all power politics.

00:21:11.319 --> 00:21:12.380
 There is no alternative.

00:21:13.200 --> 00:21:13.380
 Yeah.

00:21:14.660 --> 00:21:15.259
 Right.

00:21:18.420 --> 00:21:19.640
 Tom pointed this out

00:21:19.640 --> 00:21:20.220
 to me that

00:21:20.220 --> 00:21:22.259
 when Rome

00:21:22.259 --> 00:21:23.120
 identified

00:21:23.120 --> 00:21:24.420
 as a Christian empire,

00:21:25.240 --> 00:21:26.120
 a great persecution

00:21:26.120 --> 00:21:26.600
 arose

00:21:26.600 --> 00:21:28.019
 amongst Persian Christians

00:21:28.019 --> 00:21:29.600
 because the governments

00:21:29.600 --> 00:21:31.120
 thought native

00:21:31.120 --> 00:21:32.059
 Persian Christians

00:21:32.059 --> 00:21:33.120
 must have been

00:21:33.120 --> 00:21:35.460
 with Rome.

00:21:35.700 --> 00:21:36.019
 Yeah.

00:21:36.480 --> 00:21:37.180
 So now there is

00:21:37.180 --> 00:21:37.620
 suspicion

00:21:37.620 --> 00:21:38.940
 for Christians

00:21:38.940 --> 00:21:39.660
 in Persia.

00:21:40.240 --> 00:21:41.279
 And there would be

00:21:41.279 --> 00:21:41.660
 suspicion,

00:21:41.840 --> 00:21:42.059
 I mean,

00:21:42.620 --> 00:21:43.600
 this kind of rhetoric

00:21:43.600 --> 00:21:44.880
 would cause

00:21:44.880 --> 00:21:45.539
 suspicions

00:21:45.539 --> 00:21:46.860
 for Christians

00:21:46.860 --> 00:21:47.440
 in Venezuela

00:21:47.440 --> 00:21:48.860
 whose government

00:21:48.860 --> 00:21:49.519
 doesn't align

00:21:49.519 --> 00:21:50.380
 with American interests.

00:21:51.220 --> 00:21:51.519
 So,

00:21:51.660 --> 00:21:52.440
 we do a lot

00:21:52.440 --> 00:21:52.880
 of damage

00:21:52.880 --> 00:21:53.759
 to gospel witness

00:21:53.759 --> 00:21:54.860
 overseas

00:21:54.860 --> 00:21:56.360
 if we're

00:21:56.360 --> 00:21:57.220
 aligning America

00:21:57.220 --> 00:21:59.559
 with Christ

00:21:59.559 --> 00:22:00.400
 and they're

00:22:00.400 --> 00:22:00.980
 both the same.

00:22:01.980 --> 00:22:02.240
 Now,

00:22:02.299 --> 00:22:02.840
 in 2021,

00:22:02.839 --> 00:22:04.319
 a lot of us

00:22:04.319 --> 00:22:04.859
 heard the term

00:22:04.859 --> 00:22:06.039
 Christian nationalism

00:22:06.039 --> 00:22:07.139
 all over the news

00:22:07.139 --> 00:22:08.299
 and you hear it today.

00:22:08.879 --> 00:22:09.559
 Most people

00:22:09.559 --> 00:22:10.119
 have no idea

00:22:10.119 --> 00:22:10.559
 what it means

00:22:10.559 --> 00:22:11.959
 but it sounds

00:22:11.959 --> 00:22:12.519
 scary,

00:22:12.919 --> 00:22:13.139
 right?

00:22:13.359 --> 00:22:13.959
 It sounds

00:22:13.959 --> 00:22:14.559
 aggressive,

00:22:14.899 --> 00:22:15.519
 authoritarian,

00:22:15.839 --> 00:22:16.720
 Christian nationalism.

00:22:18.480 --> 00:22:20.319
 After January 6th,

00:22:20.319 --> 00:22:21.619
 don't get me wrong,

00:22:21.699 --> 00:22:22.159
 there was a lot

00:22:22.159 --> 00:22:22.459
 ugly

00:22:22.459 --> 00:22:24.099
 in America,

00:22:24.939 --> 00:22:26.159
 but after January 6th,

00:22:26.220 --> 00:22:26.799
 I think it became

00:22:26.799 --> 00:22:27.899
 a dog whistle word

00:22:27.899 --> 00:22:28.960
 in a smear campaign

00:22:28.960 --> 00:22:32.399
 among some of the media.

00:22:33.119 --> 00:22:33.559
 Why?

00:22:33.779 --> 00:22:34.879
 Because it is a way

00:22:34.879 --> 00:22:35.720
 of lumping together

00:22:35.720 --> 00:22:36.720
 those in the crowd

00:22:36.720 --> 00:22:37.259
 that broke

00:22:37.259 --> 00:22:38.639
 into the capital

00:22:38.639 --> 00:22:39.720
 with normal Christians

00:22:39.720 --> 00:22:40.279
 who are engaged

00:22:40.279 --> 00:22:40.960
 in politics.

00:22:41.859 --> 00:22:43.099
 Guilt by association.

00:22:44.680 --> 00:22:45.720
 I mention that

00:22:45.720 --> 00:22:46.339
 because there's

00:22:46.339 --> 00:22:47.119
 such a temptation

00:22:47.119 --> 00:22:48.279
 to just slap a label

00:22:48.279 --> 00:22:48.899
 on someone,

00:22:49.299 --> 00:22:49.480
 right,

00:22:49.519 --> 00:22:50.259
 rather than to listen

00:22:50.259 --> 00:22:50.579
 to them

00:22:50.579 --> 00:22:51.399
 and to ask questions.

00:22:52.200 --> 00:22:52.599
 You think

00:22:52.599 --> 00:22:53.240
 governments should

00:22:53.240 --> 00:22:54.259
 promote traditional

00:22:54.259 --> 00:22:54.940
 family structures?

00:22:55.500 --> 00:22:56.500
 You're a Christian nationalist.

00:22:57.519 --> 00:22:59.240
 You support police reform?

00:22:59.799 --> 00:23:00.440
 That sounds

00:23:00.440 --> 00:23:01.359
 really woke to me.

00:23:01.960 --> 00:23:02.599
 So you don't really

00:23:02.599 --> 00:23:03.579
 engage with someone,

00:23:03.700 --> 00:23:04.440
 you just slap a label

00:23:04.440 --> 00:23:04.919
 on them.

00:23:05.819 --> 00:23:06.980
 And we should not

00:23:06.980 --> 00:23:08.159
 do that as a church.

00:23:09.619 --> 00:23:09.879
 Right?

00:23:09.960 --> 00:23:10.759
 Let's listen to each other,

00:23:10.839 --> 00:23:11.539
 ask questions,

00:23:11.619 --> 00:23:12.319
 rather than really

00:23:12.319 --> 00:23:13.579
 assume that someone

00:23:13.579 --> 00:23:15.419
 is a Christian nationalist

00:23:15.419 --> 00:23:16.299
 because of their

00:23:16.299 --> 00:23:17.759
 political preferences,

00:23:18.119 --> 00:23:19.099
 not necessarily

00:23:19.099 --> 00:23:19.980
 a theological

00:23:19.980 --> 00:23:21.019
 commandment.

00:23:23.039 --> 00:23:23.799
 Any questions?

00:23:24.220 --> 00:23:24.539
 And then we're going

00:23:24.539 --> 00:23:25.299
 to get to the crisis

00:23:25.299 --> 00:23:26.200
 and then Augustus.

00:23:26.200 --> 00:23:27.160
 Any questions?

00:23:27.700 --> 00:23:28.660
 How long was

00:23:28.660 --> 00:23:29.759
 Constantine's reign?

00:23:31.140 --> 00:23:32.100
 That's a good question.

00:23:32.580 --> 00:23:33.080
 Anyone know?

00:23:35.680 --> 00:23:36.240
 Okay.

00:23:36.860 --> 00:23:37.660
 I was just wondering

00:23:37.660 --> 00:23:38.200
 how quickly

00:23:38.200 --> 00:23:39.779
 everything degenerated.

00:23:40.259 --> 00:23:40.640
 Yeah.

00:23:40.640 --> 00:23:42.259
 I noticed conversion

00:23:42.259 --> 00:23:43.059
 was unexpected.

00:23:46.640 --> 00:23:47.480
 Long enough

00:23:47.480 --> 00:23:48.940
 to change things.

00:23:48.940 --> 00:23:49.580
 Yeah.

00:23:49.580 --> 00:23:49.680
 Yeah.

00:23:49.940 --> 00:23:50.259
 Yeah.

00:23:51.059 --> 00:23:51.340
 Yeah.

00:23:52.180 --> 00:23:52.620
 Yeah.

00:23:54.240 --> 00:23:54.980
 Someone can look

00:23:54.980 --> 00:23:55.480
 to Google it

00:23:55.480 --> 00:23:56.259
 and then look at that.

00:23:56.400 --> 00:23:58.640
 Well, probably not

00:23:58.640 --> 00:24:00.259
 31 years.

00:24:00.400 --> 00:24:01.299
 31 years.

00:24:01.559 --> 00:24:02.080
 31 years.

00:24:02.140 --> 00:24:02.320
 Okay.

00:24:02.700 --> 00:24:03.120
 That's fine.

00:24:03.700 --> 00:24:04.320
 Thank you.

00:24:04.319 --> 00:24:06.079
 So, we have the

00:24:06.079 --> 00:24:06.700
 context here

00:24:06.700 --> 00:24:07.159
 of the church.

00:24:07.859 --> 00:24:08.379
 Constantine.

00:24:08.460 --> 00:24:09.220
 Let's get to the crisis.

00:24:10.200 --> 00:24:11.159
 Let's get to the crisis.

00:24:11.599 --> 00:24:12.619
 Fast forward the years

00:24:12.619 --> 00:24:13.319
 410 AD.

00:24:13.559 --> 00:24:14.619
 We're back in the Roman Empire

00:24:14.619 --> 00:24:16.259
 and the empire is

00:24:16.259 --> 00:24:17.500
 teetering on the

00:24:17.500 --> 00:24:18.579
 verge of collapse.

00:24:19.500 --> 00:24:20.599
 So imagine 50 years

00:24:20.599 --> 00:24:21.059
 from now,

00:24:21.700 --> 00:24:23.299
 America is no longer

00:24:23.299 --> 00:24:23.779
 a country.

00:24:24.639 --> 00:24:25.740
 That would be shocking

00:24:25.740 --> 00:24:26.879
 for a lot of us.

00:24:27.879 --> 00:24:29.500
 But America is a toddler

00:24:29.500 --> 00:24:30.480
 compared to Rome.

00:24:31.480 --> 00:24:32.519
 Rome had been around

00:24:32.519 --> 00:24:33.680
 for almost a thousand years.

00:24:35.220 --> 00:24:36.480
 And the barbarians,

00:24:36.599 --> 00:24:37.180
 the Visigoths,

00:24:37.299 --> 00:24:38.140
 later the Germans

00:24:38.140 --> 00:24:39.360
 would sack Rome

00:24:39.360 --> 00:24:40.740
 and things began

00:24:40.740 --> 00:24:41.819
 to unravel in Rome.

00:24:42.339 --> 00:24:43.440
 This was a crisis

00:24:43.440 --> 00:24:44.740
 of the culture.

00:24:45.880 --> 00:24:46.500
 And maybe some of us

00:24:46.500 --> 00:24:46.980
 feel some of that

00:24:46.980 --> 00:24:47.599
 crisis today.

00:24:48.980 --> 00:24:49.180
 You know,

00:24:49.220 --> 00:24:50.000
 God's providence

00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:50.920
 is a sign of

00:24:50.920 --> 00:24:52.000
 those very Germans

00:24:52.000 --> 00:24:52.980
 would later become

00:24:52.980 --> 00:24:53.440
 Christians.

00:24:54.640 --> 00:24:55.279
 So, and a thousand

00:24:55.279 --> 00:24:56.000
 years later,

00:24:56.620 --> 00:24:57.240
 there was a man

00:24:57.240 --> 00:24:57.839
 who came forth

00:24:57.839 --> 00:24:58.440
 from the Germans.

00:24:59.299 --> 00:25:00.019
 Martin Luther.

00:25:01.240 --> 00:25:01.640
 So, Fred,

00:25:01.680 --> 00:25:02.519
 maybe those radical,

00:25:02.700 --> 00:25:03.480
 crazy, pagan,

00:25:03.559 --> 00:25:04.319
 non-Christian neighbors

00:25:04.319 --> 00:25:04.779
 of ours,

00:25:05.140 --> 00:25:06.240
 maybe there's a

00:25:06.240 --> 00:25:06.660
 Martin Luther

00:25:06.660 --> 00:25:07.180
 among them.

00:25:07.480 --> 00:25:07.980
 I don't know.

00:25:08.900 --> 00:25:09.700
 Alright, but now

00:25:09.700 --> 00:25:10.400
 during this crisis

00:25:10.400 --> 00:25:11.360
 in God's providence,

00:25:11.500 --> 00:25:12.299
 many refugees

00:25:12.299 --> 00:25:13.900
 fled to North Africa

00:25:13.900 --> 00:25:15.480
 who would meet

00:25:15.480 --> 00:25:16.120
 and talk with

00:25:16.120 --> 00:25:17.259
 one North African

00:25:17.259 --> 00:25:17.779
 bishop,

00:25:18.539 --> 00:25:19.079
 Augustine.

00:25:20.140 --> 00:25:21.000
 And Augustine's

00:25:21.000 --> 00:25:21.680
 magnus opus,

00:25:21.759 --> 00:25:22.700
 the city of God,

00:25:22.759 --> 00:25:24.099
 it took him 13 years

00:25:24.099 --> 00:25:24.819
 to write this.

00:25:24.920 --> 00:25:25.819
 And he started

00:25:25.819 --> 00:25:26.519
 writing it

00:25:26.519 --> 00:25:27.839
 pretty soon after

00:25:27.839 --> 00:25:29.559
 Rome collapsed.

00:25:29.559 --> 00:25:30.559
 Augustine's

00:25:30.559 --> 00:25:31.119
 and it's been

00:25:31.119 --> 00:25:32.240
 a foundational text

00:25:32.240 --> 00:25:32.799
 for Western

00:25:32.799 --> 00:25:33.639
 political thought.

00:25:34.059 --> 00:25:34.500
 This is why

00:25:34.500 --> 00:25:35.099
 I'm referencing

00:25:35.099 --> 00:25:35.619
 Augustine.

00:25:36.139 --> 00:25:36.940
 And you could draw

00:25:36.940 --> 00:25:37.859
 a direct line

00:25:37.859 --> 00:25:38.960
 of Augustine

00:25:38.960 --> 00:25:39.559
 thought,

00:25:40.460 --> 00:25:41.179
 especially of

00:25:41.179 --> 00:25:42.059
 human depravity

00:25:42.059 --> 00:25:42.919
 and original sin,

00:25:43.259 --> 00:25:43.799
 to the founding

00:25:43.799 --> 00:25:44.519
 fathers of the

00:25:44.519 --> 00:25:44.980
 draft of the

00:25:44.980 --> 00:25:45.480
 Constitution.

00:25:46.639 --> 00:25:47.440
 What do I mean

00:25:47.440 --> 00:25:47.839
 by that?

00:25:48.159 --> 00:25:48.579
 So if you look

00:25:48.579 --> 00:25:49.200
 at Augustine,

00:25:50.059 --> 00:25:51.019
 Augustine influenced

00:25:51.019 --> 00:25:51.539
 Martin Luther.

00:25:52.480 --> 00:25:53.139
 Martin Luther

00:25:53.139 --> 00:25:53.940
 taught Calvin.

00:25:54.779 --> 00:25:55.519
 Calvin taught

00:25:55.519 --> 00:25:56.519
 John Edwards.

00:25:56.519 --> 00:25:57.980
 John Edwards

00:25:57.980 --> 00:25:58.799
 taught John

00:25:58.799 --> 00:25:59.759
 Witherspoon.

00:26:00.660 --> 00:26:01.220
 And John

00:26:01.220 --> 00:26:01.859
 Witherspoon

00:26:01.859 --> 00:26:02.740
 taught James

00:26:02.740 --> 00:26:03.160
 Madison.

00:26:04.000 --> 00:26:04.539
 And Madison

00:26:04.539 --> 00:26:05.019
 wrote the

00:26:05.019 --> 00:26:05.759
 Federalist Papers,

00:26:06.160 --> 00:26:06.799
 which has a

00:26:06.799 --> 00:26:07.579
 very strong

00:26:07.579 --> 00:26:08.440
 Augustinian

00:26:08.440 --> 00:26:09.119
 bent to it.

00:26:09.519 --> 00:26:10.299
 And Madison

00:26:10.299 --> 00:26:10.980
 would draft

00:26:10.980 --> 00:26:11.539
 the Constitution.

00:26:12.460 --> 00:26:13.119
 So Madison

00:26:13.119 --> 00:26:13.879
 and the framers

00:26:13.879 --> 00:26:14.740
 had a very

00:26:14.740 --> 00:26:16.000
 realistic understanding

00:26:16.000 --> 00:26:16.500
 of man's

00:26:16.500 --> 00:26:17.099
 fallen nature

00:26:17.099 --> 00:26:18.240
 when creating

00:26:18.240 --> 00:26:18.720
 our system

00:26:18.720 --> 00:26:19.180
 of government.

00:26:20.740 --> 00:26:21.579
 And John,

00:26:21.680 --> 00:26:21.879
 again,

00:26:21.900 --> 00:26:22.139
 is going to

00:26:22.139 --> 00:26:22.960
 talk about this

00:26:22.960 --> 00:26:23.920
 next week.

00:26:24.359 --> 00:26:24.519
 Now,

00:26:24.579 --> 00:26:25.200
 Augustine doesn't

00:26:25.200 --> 00:26:25.980
 start out to be

00:26:25.980 --> 00:26:26.460
 a political

00:26:26.460 --> 00:26:26.980
 philosopher,

00:26:27.600 --> 00:26:28.279
 but as a

00:26:28.279 --> 00:26:28.580
 pastor.

00:26:29.519 --> 00:26:30.140
 He is doing

00:26:30.140 --> 00:26:30.640
 a couple of

00:26:30.640 --> 00:26:31.299
 things in the

00:26:31.299 --> 00:26:31.860
 city of God.

00:26:32.620 --> 00:26:33.039
 First,

00:26:33.100 --> 00:26:33.640
 he's refuting

00:26:33.640 --> 00:26:34.259
 the contention

00:26:34.259 --> 00:26:35.000
 that Christianity

00:26:35.000 --> 00:26:35.779
 is responsible

00:26:35.779 --> 00:26:37.080
 for the collapse

00:26:37.080 --> 00:26:37.460
 of the Roman

00:26:37.460 --> 00:26:38.340
 Western Empire,

00:26:39.420 --> 00:26:39.840
 the Western

00:26:39.840 --> 00:26:40.400
 Roman Empire.

00:26:40.740 --> 00:26:41.259
 And second,

00:26:41.559 --> 00:26:42.140
 he's comforting

00:26:42.140 --> 00:26:42.600
 the sheep.

00:26:43.559 --> 00:26:44.019
 These are

00:26:44.019 --> 00:26:45.039
 refugees that

00:26:45.039 --> 00:26:45.400
 are coming,

00:26:46.180 --> 00:26:46.759
 and he wants

00:26:46.759 --> 00:26:47.460
 to comfort them.

00:26:48.640 --> 00:26:49.019
 And if you

00:26:49.019 --> 00:26:49.480
 want to start

00:26:49.480 --> 00:26:49.980
 reading this

00:26:49.980 --> 00:26:50.259
 in the city

00:26:50.259 --> 00:26:50.720
 of God,

00:26:52.000 --> 00:26:54.180
 book 19,

00:26:54.360 --> 00:26:54.920
 start there.

00:26:54.920 --> 00:26:55.360
 The most

00:26:55.360 --> 00:26:55.740
 bang for

00:26:55.740 --> 00:26:56.080
 your buck.

00:26:56.200 --> 00:26:57.000
 Book 19,

00:26:57.120 --> 00:26:57.960
 chapter 17,

00:26:58.600 --> 00:26:59.440
 that's where

00:26:59.440 --> 00:26:59.700
 you should

00:26:59.700 --> 00:27:00.039
 start.

00:27:01.120 --> 00:27:01.420
 So,

00:27:01.560 --> 00:27:01.840
 there are

00:27:01.840 --> 00:27:02.880
 six thoughts

00:27:02.880 --> 00:27:03.200
 from the

00:27:03.200 --> 00:27:03.480
 city of

00:27:03.480 --> 00:27:04.100
 God applied

00:27:04.100 --> 00:27:04.640
 for today.

00:27:05.940 --> 00:27:06.320
 And here's

00:27:06.320 --> 00:27:06.720
 what I think

00:27:06.720 --> 00:27:07.440
 Augustine would

00:27:07.440 --> 00:27:07.880
 want to tell

00:27:07.880 --> 00:27:08.460
 our church

00:27:08.460 --> 00:27:09.640
 in a cultural

00:27:09.640 --> 00:27:10.060
 crisis.

00:27:10.880 --> 00:27:11.340
 One,

00:27:12.480 --> 00:27:13.140
 do not

00:27:13.140 --> 00:27:13.500
 panic.

00:27:14.519 --> 00:27:14.920
 Do

00:27:14.920 --> 00:27:15.860
 not

00:27:15.860 --> 00:27:16.860
 panic.

00:27:17.580 --> 00:27:18.240
 The loss

00:27:18.240 --> 00:27:18.660
 of any

00:27:18.660 --> 00:27:19.060
 Christian

00:27:19.060 --> 00:27:19.580
 influence

00:27:19.580 --> 00:27:20.000
 in America

00:27:20.000 --> 00:27:20.500
 does not

00:27:20.500 --> 00:27:20.800
 follow him

00:27:20.800 --> 00:27:21.220
 to question

00:27:21.220 --> 00:27:21.580
 God's

00:27:21.580 --> 00:27:22.140
 faithfulness.

00:27:22.860 --> 00:27:23.480
 Because he

00:27:23.480 --> 00:27:23.779
 would say,

00:27:23.779 --> 00:27:24.599
 don't confuse

00:27:24.599 --> 00:27:25.259
 America

00:27:25.259 --> 00:27:26.339
 with the

00:27:26.339 --> 00:27:26.680
 city of

00:27:26.680 --> 00:27:26.980
 God.

00:27:28.019 --> 00:27:28.660
 The city

00:27:28.660 --> 00:27:29.119
 of God,

00:27:29.200 --> 00:27:29.539
 he writes,

00:27:29.619 --> 00:27:30.579
 is invincible,

00:27:31.339 --> 00:27:31.799
 eternal,

00:27:32.139 --> 00:27:32.980
 and everlasting.

00:27:33.759 --> 00:27:34.139
 And the

00:27:34.139 --> 00:27:34.639
 gates of hell

00:27:34.639 --> 00:27:35.180
 will not prevail

00:27:35.180 --> 00:27:35.759
 against it.

00:27:36.720 --> 00:27:37.339
 Augustine gets

00:27:37.339 --> 00:27:37.700
 the title

00:27:37.700 --> 00:27:38.180
 from Psalm

00:27:38.180 --> 00:27:38.500
 97,

00:27:39.160 --> 00:27:39.619
 Glorious

00:27:39.619 --> 00:27:40.099
 things of

00:27:40.099 --> 00:27:40.399
 you are

00:27:40.399 --> 00:27:40.779
 spoken,

00:27:40.920 --> 00:27:41.200
 O city

00:27:41.200 --> 00:27:41.660
 of God.

00:27:42.460 --> 00:27:43.079
 Speaking of

00:27:43.079 --> 00:27:43.359
 Zion,

00:27:43.559 --> 00:27:43.759
 the dwelling

00:27:43.759 --> 00:27:44.160
 place of

00:27:44.160 --> 00:27:44.420
 God.

00:27:46.299 --> 00:27:46.559
 And he

00:27:46.559 --> 00:27:46.799
 would say,

00:27:46.879 --> 00:27:47.000
 look,

00:27:47.059 --> 00:27:47.720
 America is

00:27:47.720 --> 00:27:48.279
 just like

00:27:48.279 --> 00:27:48.720
 Babylon,

00:27:49.160 --> 00:27:49.680
 Assyria,

00:27:49.879 --> 00:27:50.299
 and Rome.

00:27:50.299 --> 00:27:51.379
 It's the

00:27:51.379 --> 00:27:51.740
 city of

00:27:51.740 --> 00:27:52.039
 man.

00:27:52.879 --> 00:27:53.000
 Right?

00:27:53.599 --> 00:27:54.079
 These

00:27:54.079 --> 00:27:55.460
 rise and

00:27:55.460 --> 00:27:55.839
 fall,

00:27:55.960 --> 00:27:56.359
 the earthly

00:27:56.359 --> 00:27:56.740
 cities

00:27:56.740 --> 00:27:57.200
 passing

00:27:57.200 --> 00:27:57.579
 away.

00:27:58.599 --> 00:27:59.659
 We are

00:27:59.659 --> 00:28:00.319
 pilgrims

00:28:00.319 --> 00:28:01.319
 and exiles

00:28:01.319 --> 00:28:01.839
 who have

00:28:01.839 --> 00:28:02.339
 a heavenly

00:28:02.339 --> 00:28:02.919
 citizenship.

00:28:03.599 --> 00:28:04.079
 That's where

00:28:04.079 --> 00:28:04.720
 our allegiance

00:28:04.720 --> 00:28:05.480
 lies.

00:28:07.500 --> 00:28:07.799
 And we

00:28:07.799 --> 00:28:08.319
 get afraid

00:28:08.319 --> 00:28:08.779
 because we

00:28:08.779 --> 00:28:09.579
 often confuse

00:28:09.579 --> 00:28:09.919
 the two.

00:28:10.859 --> 00:28:11.240
 In the

00:28:11.240 --> 00:28:11.559
 city of

00:28:11.559 --> 00:28:11.839
 God,

00:28:12.119 --> 00:28:12.539
 Augustine

00:28:12.539 --> 00:28:13.000
 has a

00:28:13.000 --> 00:28:13.799
 conversation

00:28:13.799 --> 00:28:14.319
 partner

00:28:14.319 --> 00:28:15.299
 named

00:28:15.299 --> 00:28:15.940
 Scipio

00:28:15.940 --> 00:28:16.799
 Africanus.

00:28:16.799 --> 00:28:18.799
 Scipio

00:28:18.799 --> 00:28:19.200
 is asked

00:28:19.200 --> 00:28:19.759
 the question,

00:28:20.099 --> 00:28:20.720
 what is

00:28:20.720 --> 00:28:21.500
 a society?

00:28:21.879 --> 00:28:22.519
 What makes

00:28:22.519 --> 00:28:22.819
 up a

00:28:22.819 --> 00:28:23.079
 culture?

00:28:24.740 --> 00:28:25.279
 Scipio

00:28:25.279 --> 00:28:25.879
 responds

00:28:25.879 --> 00:28:26.180
 with,

00:28:26.279 --> 00:28:26.440
 well,

00:28:26.500 --> 00:28:26.759
 it's an

00:28:26.759 --> 00:28:27.259
 assembly

00:28:27.259 --> 00:28:28.220
 united

00:28:28.220 --> 00:28:28.500
 in

00:28:28.500 --> 00:28:28.960
 fellowship

00:28:28.960 --> 00:28:29.480
 by

00:28:29.480 --> 00:28:30.059
 common

00:28:30.059 --> 00:28:30.680
 agreement

00:28:30.680 --> 00:28:31.559
 as to

00:28:31.559 --> 00:28:31.759
 what is

00:28:31.759 --> 00:28:32.220
 right

00:28:32.220 --> 00:28:32.940
 in a

00:28:32.940 --> 00:28:33.359
 community

00:28:33.359 --> 00:28:33.720
 of

00:28:33.720 --> 00:28:34.119
 interest.

00:28:35.079 --> 00:28:35.259
 So,

00:28:35.339 --> 00:28:35.519
 in other

00:28:35.519 --> 00:28:35.720
 words,

00:28:35.799 --> 00:28:36.359
 a society

00:28:36.359 --> 00:28:36.879
 that has

00:28:36.879 --> 00:28:37.259
 the same

00:28:37.259 --> 00:28:37.879
 values.

00:28:38.779 --> 00:28:39.099
 Or we

00:28:39.099 --> 00:28:39.339
 could say

00:28:39.339 --> 00:28:39.619
 it's a

00:28:39.619 --> 00:28:41.319
 nation

00:28:41.319 --> 00:28:41.680
 that has

00:28:41.680 --> 00:28:42.000
 biblical

00:28:42.000 --> 00:28:42.519
 values.

00:28:43.419 --> 00:28:44.119
 The same

00:28:44.119 --> 00:28:44.559
 sense of

00:28:44.559 --> 00:28:44.779
 what is

00:28:44.779 --> 00:28:45.139
 right.

00:28:45.140 --> 00:28:46.660
 But

00:28:46.660 --> 00:28:47.180
 Augustine

00:28:47.180 --> 00:28:47.840
 would say,

00:28:47.940 --> 00:28:48.520
 Scipio,

00:28:48.600 --> 00:28:48.780
 that's

00:28:48.780 --> 00:28:49.080
 great.

00:28:50.220 --> 00:28:50.860
 But that's

00:28:50.860 --> 00:28:51.120
 the city

00:28:51.120 --> 00:28:51.480
 of God.

00:28:53.060 --> 00:28:54.100
 A society

00:28:54.100 --> 00:28:55.140
 of people

00:28:55.140 --> 00:28:55.780
 united

00:28:55.780 --> 00:28:56.460
 with the

00:28:56.460 --> 00:28:56.880
 conviction

00:28:56.880 --> 00:28:57.240
 of what

00:28:57.240 --> 00:28:57.759
 is right,

00:28:58.240 --> 00:28:59.540
 that is

00:28:59.540 --> 00:28:59.980
 the city

00:28:59.980 --> 00:29:00.520
 of God.

00:29:00.700 --> 00:29:00.900
 It's not

00:29:00.900 --> 00:29:01.180
 the city

00:29:01.180 --> 00:29:01.480
 of man.

00:29:04.020 --> 00:29:04.220
 So,

00:29:04.380 --> 00:29:04.860
 number one,

00:29:04.920 --> 00:29:05.220
 do not

00:29:05.220 --> 00:29:05.600
 panic.

00:29:06.620 --> 00:29:07.020
 Two,

00:29:08.240 --> 00:29:08.500
 low

00:29:08.500 --> 00:29:09.060
 expectations.

00:29:11.140 --> 00:29:11.620
 Low

00:29:11.620 --> 00:29:12.180
 expectations.

00:29:12.180 --> 00:29:15.140
 America

00:29:15.140 --> 00:29:15.500
 will

00:29:15.500 --> 00:29:16.019
 disappoint

00:29:16.019 --> 00:29:16.259
 you.

00:29:17.620 --> 00:29:17.900
 When

00:29:17.900 --> 00:29:18.220
 Augustine

00:29:18.220 --> 00:29:18.360
 was

00:29:18.360 --> 00:29:18.640
 preaching

00:29:18.640 --> 00:29:18.980
 to

00:29:18.980 --> 00:29:19.900
 refugees,

00:29:20.900 --> 00:29:21.100
 you

00:29:21.100 --> 00:29:21.180
 would

00:29:21.180 --> 00:29:21.360
 probably

00:29:21.360 --> 00:29:21.539
 say

00:29:21.539 --> 00:29:21.759
 something

00:29:21.759 --> 00:29:22.279
 like this.

00:29:22.960 --> 00:29:23.279
 Look,

00:29:23.880 --> 00:29:24.820
 you've

00:29:24.820 --> 00:29:24.960
 been

00:29:24.960 --> 00:29:25.140
 through

00:29:25.140 --> 00:29:25.560
 tragedy.

00:29:26.840 --> 00:29:27.259
 Many

00:29:27.259 --> 00:29:27.980
 of you

00:29:27.980 --> 00:29:28.220
 have been

00:29:28.220 --> 00:29:28.640
 mistreated,

00:29:29.480 --> 00:29:29.980
 slandered,

00:29:30.779 --> 00:29:31.779
 harmed by

00:29:31.779 --> 00:29:32.120
 others.

00:29:32.980 --> 00:29:33.320
 Rome

00:29:33.320 --> 00:29:33.600
 and the

00:29:33.600 --> 00:29:33.940
 culture

00:29:33.940 --> 00:29:34.400
 has

00:29:34.400 --> 00:29:34.860
 collapsed.

00:29:36.080 --> 00:29:36.279
 But

00:29:36.279 --> 00:29:36.560
 remember

00:29:36.560 --> 00:29:36.940
 this,

00:29:37.779 --> 00:29:38.160
 Rome

00:29:38.160 --> 00:29:38.620
 was

00:29:38.620 --> 00:29:39.140
 always

00:29:39.140 --> 00:29:39.820
 disappointed

00:29:39.820 --> 00:29:39.940
 and

00:29:39.940 --> 00:29:40.360
 disappointed.

00:29:40.359 --> 00:29:43.359
 So,

00:29:43.539 --> 00:29:43.959
 I say

00:29:43.959 --> 00:29:44.359
 the same

00:29:44.359 --> 00:29:44.659
 to you.

00:29:44.779 --> 00:29:44.899
 In

00:29:44.899 --> 00:29:45.419
 the same

00:29:45.419 --> 00:29:45.759
 way,

00:29:45.899 --> 00:29:46.379
 this election

00:29:46.379 --> 00:29:46.859
 season,

00:29:47.059 --> 00:29:47.539
 America

00:29:47.539 --> 00:29:48.159
 will

00:29:48.159 --> 00:29:48.939
 disappoint

00:29:48.939 --> 00:29:49.179
 you.

00:29:50.240 --> 00:29:50.519
 Have

00:29:50.519 --> 00:29:50.839
 low

00:29:50.839 --> 00:29:51.599
 expectations.

00:29:52.419 --> 00:29:52.939
 Modesty

00:29:52.939 --> 00:29:53.159
 of

00:29:53.159 --> 00:29:53.500
 ambition.

00:29:55.839 --> 00:29:56.179
 Three,

00:29:57.159 --> 00:29:57.719
 there's a

00:29:57.719 --> 00:29:58.059
 spiritual

00:29:58.059 --> 00:29:58.859
 conflict

00:29:58.859 --> 00:29:59.500
 between

00:29:59.500 --> 00:29:59.859
 these

00:29:59.859 --> 00:30:00.079
 two

00:30:00.079 --> 00:30:00.419
 cities.

00:30:01.179 --> 00:30:01.479
 There's

00:30:01.479 --> 00:30:01.579
 a

00:30:01.579 --> 00:30:01.839
 spiritual

00:30:01.839 --> 00:30:02.359
 conflict

00:30:02.359 --> 00:30:02.740
 between

00:30:02.740 --> 00:30:02.959
 these

00:30:02.959 --> 00:30:03.119
 two

00:30:03.119 --> 00:30:03.479
 cities.

00:30:04.139 --> 00:30:04.359
 His

00:30:04.359 --> 00:30:04.719
 entire

00:30:04.719 --> 00:30:05.159
 argument

00:30:05.159 --> 00:30:05.500
 can be

00:30:05.500 --> 00:30:05.759
 summed

00:30:05.759 --> 00:30:06.039
 up in

00:30:06.039 --> 00:30:06.199
 this

00:30:06.199 --> 00:30:06.579
 sentence,

00:30:07.139 --> 00:30:07.359
 in the

00:30:07.359 --> 00:30:07.519
 city

00:30:07.519 --> 00:30:07.659
 of

00:30:07.659 --> 00:30:07.919
 God.

00:30:08.319 --> 00:30:08.459
 He

00:30:08.459 --> 00:30:08.740
 writes,

00:30:08.740 --> 00:30:09.599
 accordingly,

00:30:10.240 --> 00:30:10.599
 two

00:30:10.599 --> 00:30:11.460
 cities

00:30:11.460 --> 00:30:11.720
 have

00:30:11.720 --> 00:30:11.880
 been

00:30:11.880 --> 00:30:12.200
 formed

00:30:12.200 --> 00:30:12.420
 by

00:30:12.420 --> 00:30:12.660
 two

00:30:12.660 --> 00:30:13.039
 loves.

00:30:14.000 --> 00:30:14.279
 The

00:30:14.279 --> 00:30:14.620
 earthly

00:30:14.620 --> 00:30:15.059
 by the

00:30:15.059 --> 00:30:15.220
 love

00:30:15.220 --> 00:30:15.420
 of

00:30:15.420 --> 00:30:15.779
 self,

00:30:16.200 --> 00:30:16.519
 even

00:30:16.519 --> 00:30:16.759
 to

00:30:16.759 --> 00:30:16.900
 the

00:30:16.900 --> 00:30:17.279
 contempt

00:30:17.279 --> 00:30:17.539
 of

00:30:17.539 --> 00:30:17.880
 God.

00:30:18.480 --> 00:30:18.700
 The

00:30:18.700 --> 00:30:19.079
 heavenly

00:30:19.079 --> 00:30:19.880
 by the

00:30:19.880 --> 00:30:20.019
 love

00:30:20.019 --> 00:30:20.160
 of

00:30:20.160 --> 00:30:20.480
 God,

00:30:20.900 --> 00:30:21.220
 even

00:30:21.220 --> 00:30:21.420
 to

00:30:21.420 --> 00:30:21.559
 the

00:30:21.559 --> 00:30:21.900
 contempt

00:30:21.900 --> 00:30:22.120
 of

00:30:22.120 --> 00:30:22.400
 self.

00:30:22.839 --> 00:30:23.079
 The

00:30:23.079 --> 00:30:23.460
 former

00:30:23.460 --> 00:30:23.700
 in

00:30:23.700 --> 00:30:23.819
 the

00:30:23.819 --> 00:30:24.019
 word

00:30:24.019 --> 00:30:24.519
 glories

00:30:24.519 --> 00:30:24.680
 in

00:30:24.680 --> 00:30:25.120
 itself,

00:30:25.539 --> 00:30:25.680
 the

00:30:25.680 --> 00:30:26.019
 latter

00:30:26.019 --> 00:30:26.339
 in

00:30:26.339 --> 00:30:26.599
 the

00:30:26.599 --> 00:30:26.920
 Lord.

00:30:28.200 --> 00:30:28.579
 So,

00:30:28.640 --> 00:30:28.720
 what

00:30:28.720 --> 00:30:28.900
 he's

00:30:28.900 --> 00:30:29.180
 saying

00:30:29.180 --> 00:30:29.359
 is,

00:30:29.480 --> 00:30:29.539
 the

00:30:29.539 --> 00:30:29.799
 city

00:30:29.799 --> 00:30:30.000
 of

00:30:30.000 --> 00:30:30.339
 God

00:30:30.339 --> 00:30:30.500
 and

00:30:30.500 --> 00:30:30.680
 the

00:30:30.680 --> 00:30:31.000
 city

00:30:31.000 --> 00:30:31.259
 of

00:30:31.259 --> 00:30:31.660
 man

00:30:31.660 --> 00:30:32.120
 are

00:30:32.120 --> 00:30:32.539
 in

00:30:32.539 --> 00:30:33.480
 conflict.

00:30:34.920 --> 00:30:35.039
 I

00:30:35.039 --> 00:30:35.120
 mean,

00:30:35.160 --> 00:30:35.279
 this

00:30:35.279 --> 00:30:35.359
 is

00:30:35.359 --> 00:30:35.460
 the

00:30:35.460 --> 00:30:35.700
 message

00:30:35.700 --> 00:30:35.920
 we

00:30:35.920 --> 00:30:36.180
 saw

00:30:36.180 --> 00:30:36.319
 in

00:30:36.319 --> 00:30:36.720
 Revelation.

00:30:37.240 --> 00:30:37.480
 Remember

00:30:37.480 --> 00:30:37.700
 that?

00:30:39.640 --> 00:30:40.120
 Christians

00:30:40.120 --> 00:30:40.700
 attempting

00:30:40.700 --> 00:30:40.960
 to

00:30:40.960 --> 00:30:41.220
 worship

00:30:41.220 --> 00:30:41.519
 the

00:30:41.519 --> 00:30:41.880
 beast

00:30:41.880 --> 00:30:43.340
 of

00:30:43.340 --> 00:30:43.480
 the

00:30:43.480 --> 00:30:43.759
 political

00:30:43.759 --> 00:30:44.220
 power

00:30:44.220 --> 00:30:44.440
 in

00:30:44.440 --> 00:30:44.700
 Rome.

00:30:45.740 --> 00:30:46.000
 Now,

00:30:46.059 --> 00:30:46.259
 some

00:30:46.259 --> 00:30:46.440
 might

00:30:46.440 --> 00:30:46.579
 say

00:30:46.579 --> 00:30:46.700
 at

00:30:46.700 --> 00:30:46.840
 this

00:30:46.840 --> 00:30:47.079
 point,

00:30:47.200 --> 00:30:47.420
 okay,

00:30:47.700 --> 00:30:47.880
 I

00:30:47.880 --> 00:30:48.120
 agree

00:30:48.120 --> 00:30:48.240
 with

00:30:48.240 --> 00:30:48.319
 you,

00:30:48.400 --> 00:30:48.759
 Augustine,

00:30:49.160 --> 00:30:49.600
 so,

00:30:50.039 --> 00:30:50.420
 Christians

00:30:50.420 --> 00:30:50.840
 should be

00:30:50.840 --> 00:30:51.220
 like the

00:30:51.220 --> 00:30:51.680
 French

00:30:51.680 --> 00:30:52.319
 resistance.

00:30:52.900 --> 00:30:53.039
 We'll

00:30:53.039 --> 00:30:53.900
 go under

00:30:53.900 --> 00:30:54.220
 and we'll

00:30:54.220 --> 00:30:54.420
 start

00:30:54.420 --> 00:30:54.720
 fighting

00:30:54.720 --> 00:30:54.880
 the

00:30:54.880 --> 00:30:55.259
 Nazis.

00:30:56.299 --> 00:30:56.539
 We'll

00:30:56.539 --> 00:30:56.940
 just go

00:30:56.940 --> 00:30:57.420
 underground.

00:30:58.940 --> 00:30:59.140
 So,

00:30:59.220 --> 00:30:59.380
 you hear

00:30:59.380 --> 00:30:59.700
 some of

00:30:59.700 --> 00:31:00.100
 that today.

00:31:01.579 --> 00:31:01.759
 But,

00:31:01.819 --> 00:31:02.140
 Augustine

00:31:02.140 --> 00:31:02.380
 wouldn't

00:31:02.380 --> 00:31:02.840
 go that

00:31:02.840 --> 00:31:03.240
 far.

00:31:03.720 --> 00:31:03.900
 He

00:31:03.900 --> 00:31:04.039
 wouldn't

00:31:04.039 --> 00:31:04.420
 go that

00:31:04.420 --> 00:31:04.740
 far

00:31:04.740 --> 00:31:05.460
 because

00:31:05.460 --> 00:31:05.720
 the

00:31:05.720 --> 00:31:06.140
 fourth

00:31:06.140 --> 00:31:07.940
 principle,

00:31:08.079 --> 00:31:08.440
 and here's

00:31:08.440 --> 00:31:08.980
 the twist.

00:31:10.120 --> 00:31:10.559
 There's a

00:31:10.559 --> 00:31:10.940
 conflict

00:31:10.940 --> 00:31:11.279
 between

00:31:11.279 --> 00:31:11.480
 these

00:31:11.480 --> 00:31:11.660
 two

00:31:11.660 --> 00:31:12.099
 cities,

00:31:12.700 --> 00:31:13.079
 but

00:31:13.079 --> 00:31:13.519
 Christians

00:31:13.519 --> 00:31:14.200
 occupy

00:31:14.200 --> 00:31:14.640
 both

00:31:14.640 --> 00:31:14.900
 cities

00:31:14.900 --> 00:31:15.140
 at the

00:31:15.140 --> 00:31:15.319
 same

00:31:15.319 --> 00:31:15.660
 time.

00:31:16.599 --> 00:31:17.140
 Christians

00:31:17.140 --> 00:31:17.740
 occupy

00:31:17.740 --> 00:31:18.279
 both

00:31:18.279 --> 00:31:18.839
 cities

00:31:18.839 --> 00:31:19.140
 at the

00:31:19.140 --> 00:31:19.339
 same

00:31:19.339 --> 00:31:19.700
 time.

00:31:20.900 --> 00:31:21.120
 We

00:31:21.120 --> 00:31:21.319
 have

00:31:21.319 --> 00:31:21.519
 a

00:31:21.519 --> 00:31:21.880
 dual

00:31:21.880 --> 00:31:22.480
 citizenship.

00:31:23.400 --> 00:31:23.519
 So,

00:31:23.599 --> 00:31:23.680
 the

00:31:23.680 --> 00:31:23.960
 earthly

00:31:23.960 --> 00:31:24.319
 city

00:31:24.319 --> 00:31:24.740
 also

00:31:24.740 --> 00:31:25.319
 contains

00:31:25.319 --> 00:31:25.700
 members

00:31:25.700 --> 00:31:25.880
 of

00:31:25.880 --> 00:31:26.000
 the

00:31:26.000 --> 00:31:26.180
 city

00:31:26.180 --> 00:31:26.319
 of

00:31:26.319 --> 00:31:26.620
 God.

00:31:27.700 --> 00:31:27.819
 And

00:31:27.819 --> 00:31:27.920
 so,

00:31:27.920 --> 00:31:28.120
 that's

00:31:28.120 --> 00:31:28.279
 why

00:31:28.279 --> 00:31:28.620
 Gustine

00:31:28.620 --> 00:31:28.720
 would

00:31:28.720 --> 00:31:28.859
 say,

00:31:28.940 --> 00:31:29.019
 this

00:31:29.019 --> 00:31:29.160
 is

00:31:29.160 --> 00:31:29.339
 not

00:31:29.339 --> 00:31:29.519
 like

00:31:29.519 --> 00:31:29.660
 the

00:31:29.660 --> 00:31:30.120
 Nazis

00:31:30.120 --> 00:31:30.859
 fighting

00:31:30.859 --> 00:31:31.359
 versus

00:31:31.359 --> 00:31:31.559
 the

00:31:31.559 --> 00:31:31.920
 allies

00:31:31.920 --> 00:31:32.120
 in

00:31:32.120 --> 00:31:32.259
 World

00:31:32.259 --> 00:31:32.380
 War

00:31:32.380 --> 00:31:32.620
 II.

00:31:32.619 --> 00:31:33.939
 We

00:31:33.939 --> 00:31:34.439
 also

00:31:34.439 --> 00:31:34.859
 are

00:31:34.859 --> 00:31:35.399
 citizens

00:31:35.399 --> 00:31:36.059
 of

00:31:36.059 --> 00:31:36.239
 the

00:31:36.239 --> 00:31:36.459
 earthly

00:31:36.459 --> 00:31:36.799
 city.

00:31:39.199 --> 00:31:39.299
 So,

00:31:39.459 --> 00:31:39.659
 there is

00:31:39.659 --> 00:31:39.979
 both,

00:31:40.519 --> 00:31:41.299
 and here's

00:31:41.299 --> 00:31:42.359
 the wisdom

00:31:42.359 --> 00:31:43.000
 of Augustine

00:31:43.000 --> 00:31:43.239
 here.

00:31:43.599 --> 00:31:43.899
 He's

00:31:43.899 --> 00:31:44.159
 saying

00:31:44.159 --> 00:31:44.359
 there's

00:31:44.359 --> 00:31:44.699
 both

00:31:44.699 --> 00:31:45.379
 an

00:31:45.379 --> 00:31:45.919
 involvement,

00:31:46.459 --> 00:31:47.059
 but there's

00:31:47.059 --> 00:31:47.539
 also a

00:31:47.539 --> 00:31:48.059
 detachment

00:31:48.059 --> 00:31:49.639
 from the

00:31:49.639 --> 00:31:49.819
 earthly

00:31:49.819 --> 00:31:50.119
 city.

00:31:51.119 --> 00:31:51.479
 There's

00:31:51.479 --> 00:31:51.979
 tension in

00:31:51.979 --> 00:31:52.139
 that,

00:31:52.199 --> 00:31:52.359
 isn't

00:31:52.359 --> 00:31:52.559
 there?

00:31:53.399 --> 00:31:53.919
 I think

00:31:53.919 --> 00:31:54.359
 that's

00:31:54.359 --> 00:31:54.899
 what the

00:31:54.899 --> 00:31:55.679
 balance that

00:31:55.679 --> 00:31:56.099
 Nick was

00:31:56.099 --> 00:31:56.579
 really trying

00:31:56.579 --> 00:31:56.899
 to get

00:31:56.899 --> 00:31:57.619
 at last

00:31:57.619 --> 00:31:57.919
 week.

00:31:57.920 --> 00:31:58.580
 these

00:31:58.580 --> 00:31:58.820
 things

00:31:58.820 --> 00:31:59.000
 are

00:31:59.000 --> 00:31:59.460
 important,

00:31:59.600 --> 00:31:59.660
 but

00:31:59.660 --> 00:31:59.779
 they're

00:31:59.779 --> 00:32:00.000
 not

00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:00.360
 ultimate.

00:32:03.300 --> 00:32:03.460
 And

00:32:03.460 --> 00:32:03.620
 there's

00:32:03.620 --> 00:32:04.000
 a tension.

00:32:04.460 --> 00:32:05.039
 Be a

00:32:05.039 --> 00:32:05.420
 citizen

00:32:05.420 --> 00:32:05.700
 of

00:32:05.700 --> 00:32:06.080
 Babylon,

00:32:06.360 --> 00:32:06.460
 but

00:32:06.460 --> 00:32:06.720
 remain

00:32:06.720 --> 00:32:06.840
 in

00:32:06.840 --> 00:32:07.200
 exile.

00:32:08.640 --> 00:32:09.120
 Engage

00:32:09.120 --> 00:32:09.279
 in

00:32:09.279 --> 00:32:09.740
 politics,

00:32:09.840 --> 00:32:09.940
 but

00:32:09.940 --> 00:32:10.120
 don't

00:32:10.120 --> 00:32:10.840
 succumb

00:32:10.840 --> 00:32:11.000
 to

00:32:11.000 --> 00:32:11.360
 political

00:32:11.360 --> 00:32:12.000
 idolatry.

00:32:12.800 --> 00:32:13.039
 Obey

00:32:13.039 --> 00:32:13.240
 the

00:32:13.240 --> 00:32:13.539
 emperor,

00:32:13.720 --> 00:32:13.840
 but

00:32:13.840 --> 00:32:14.080
 above

00:32:14.080 --> 00:32:14.259
 all,

00:32:14.380 --> 00:32:14.519
 obey

00:32:14.519 --> 00:32:14.900
 God.

00:32:16.039 --> 00:32:16.380
 How

00:32:16.380 --> 00:32:16.820
 desperately

00:32:16.820 --> 00:32:17.420
 we need

00:32:17.420 --> 00:32:17.560
 the

00:32:17.560 --> 00:32:17.720
 Holy

00:32:17.720 --> 00:32:17.960
 Spirit

00:32:17.960 --> 00:32:18.200
 to do

00:32:18.200 --> 00:32:18.340
 this

00:32:18.340 --> 00:32:18.560
 while

00:32:18.560 --> 00:32:18.720
 in

00:32:18.720 --> 00:32:18.800
 our

00:32:18.800 --> 00:32:19.039
 public

00:32:19.039 --> 00:32:19.300
 life.

00:32:21.060 --> 00:32:21.539
 One

00:32:21.539 --> 00:32:22.140
 example,

00:32:22.660 --> 00:32:24.080
 I love

00:32:24.080 --> 00:32:24.440
 how one

00:32:24.440 --> 00:32:24.720
 person

00:32:24.720 --> 00:32:25.220
 illustrated

00:32:25.220 --> 00:32:25.640
 this

00:32:25.640 --> 00:32:26.320
 in the

00:32:26.320 --> 00:32:26.519
 second

00:32:26.519 --> 00:32:27.060
 century,

00:32:27.059 --> 00:32:27.859
 the

00:32:27.859 --> 00:32:28.119
 letter

00:32:28.119 --> 00:32:28.399
 of

00:32:28.399 --> 00:32:29.319
 Diocatis.

00:32:30.960 --> 00:32:31.559
 And

00:32:31.559 --> 00:32:31.919
 the

00:32:31.919 --> 00:32:32.359
 author

00:32:32.359 --> 00:32:33.599
 wrote

00:32:33.599 --> 00:32:33.919
 this,

00:32:34.079 --> 00:32:34.579
 Christians

00:32:34.579 --> 00:32:35.240
 are not

00:32:35.240 --> 00:32:35.799
 distinguished

00:32:35.799 --> 00:32:36.619
 from the

00:32:36.619 --> 00:32:37.059
 rest of

00:32:37.059 --> 00:32:37.519
 humanity

00:32:37.519 --> 00:32:38.179
 by country,

00:32:38.500 --> 00:32:38.859
 language,

00:32:39.119 --> 00:32:39.679
 or custom.

00:32:40.339 --> 00:32:40.599
 From

00:32:40.599 --> 00:32:41.200
 nowhere do

00:32:41.200 --> 00:32:41.599
 they live

00:32:41.599 --> 00:32:42.179
 in cities

00:32:42.179 --> 00:32:42.460
 of their

00:32:42.460 --> 00:32:42.720
 own,

00:32:43.000 --> 00:32:43.440
 nor do

00:32:43.440 --> 00:32:43.799
 they speak

00:32:43.799 --> 00:32:44.419
 some unusual

00:32:44.419 --> 00:32:44.859
 dialect,

00:32:45.500 --> 00:32:45.919
 nor do

00:32:45.919 --> 00:32:46.659
 they practice

00:32:46.659 --> 00:32:47.480
 an eccentric

00:32:47.480 --> 00:32:48.079
 way of

00:32:48.079 --> 00:32:48.440
 life.

00:32:49.599 --> 00:32:50.279
 They live

00:32:50.279 --> 00:32:50.500
 in their

00:32:50.500 --> 00:32:50.659
 own

00:32:50.659 --> 00:32:51.179
 countries,

00:32:51.759 --> 00:32:52.500
 but only

00:32:52.500 --> 00:32:52.639
 as

00:32:52.639 --> 00:32:53.159
 sojourners.

00:32:54.319 --> 00:32:54.779
 They

00:32:54.779 --> 00:32:55.240
 participate

00:32:55.240 --> 00:32:55.799
 in everything

00:32:55.799 --> 00:32:56.480
 as citizens

00:32:56.480 --> 00:32:57.700
 and endure

00:32:57.700 --> 00:32:57.980
 everything

00:32:57.980 --> 00:32:58.160
 as

00:32:58.160 --> 00:32:58.480
 foreigners.

00:32:59.599 --> 00:32:59.880
 Every

00:32:59.880 --> 00:33:00.740
 foreign

00:33:00.740 --> 00:33:01.120
 country

00:33:01.120 --> 00:33:01.440
 is their

00:33:01.440 --> 00:33:02.079
 fatherland,

00:33:02.360 --> 00:33:02.880
 and every

00:33:02.880 --> 00:33:03.500
 fatherland

00:33:03.500 --> 00:33:04.039
 is foreign.

00:33:04.759 --> 00:33:05.200
 They

00:33:05.200 --> 00:33:05.500
 marry,

00:33:05.599 --> 00:33:05.860
 as do

00:33:05.860 --> 00:33:06.420
 all others,

00:33:06.819 --> 00:33:07.039
 and they

00:33:07.039 --> 00:33:07.480
 have children,

00:33:07.620 --> 00:33:07.819
 but they

00:33:07.819 --> 00:33:08.099
 do not

00:33:08.099 --> 00:33:08.380
 destroy

00:33:08.380 --> 00:33:08.579
 their

00:33:08.579 --> 00:33:08.880
 offspring.

00:33:09.960 --> 00:33:10.240
 They

00:33:10.240 --> 00:33:10.480
 have a

00:33:10.480 --> 00:33:10.720
 common

00:33:10.720 --> 00:33:11.200
 table,

00:33:11.519 --> 00:33:12.319
 not a

00:33:12.319 --> 00:33:12.480
 common

00:33:12.480 --> 00:33:12.779
 bed.

00:33:13.940 --> 00:33:14.160
 They

00:33:14.160 --> 00:33:14.440
 are in

00:33:14.440 --> 00:33:14.579
 the

00:33:14.579 --> 00:33:14.940
 flesh,

00:33:15.440 --> 00:33:16.120
 but they

00:33:16.120 --> 00:33:16.440
 do not

00:33:16.440 --> 00:33:16.620
 live

00:33:16.620 --> 00:33:16.940
 according

00:33:16.940 --> 00:33:17.240
 to the

00:33:17.240 --> 00:33:17.539
 flesh.

00:33:18.059 --> 00:33:18.240
 They

00:33:18.240 --> 00:33:18.599
 pass

00:33:18.599 --> 00:33:18.759
 their

00:33:18.759 --> 00:33:19.000
 days

00:33:19.000 --> 00:33:19.160
 on

00:33:19.160 --> 00:33:19.420
 earth,

00:33:19.700 --> 00:33:19.799
 but

00:33:19.799 --> 00:33:19.920
 they

00:33:19.920 --> 00:33:20.019
 are

00:33:20.019 --> 00:33:20.420
 citizens

00:33:20.420 --> 00:33:20.720
 of

00:33:20.720 --> 00:33:20.940
 heaven.

00:33:21.519 --> 00:33:21.700
 They

00:33:21.700 --> 00:33:21.839
 are

00:33:21.839 --> 00:33:22.240
 cursed,

00:33:22.500 --> 00:33:22.740
 but they

00:33:22.740 --> 00:33:23.140
 blessed.

00:33:23.460 --> 00:33:23.539
 They

00:33:23.539 --> 00:33:23.680
 are

00:33:23.680 --> 00:33:24.160
 insulted,

00:33:24.539 --> 00:33:24.660
 yet

00:33:24.660 --> 00:33:25.079
 they offer

00:33:26.480 --> 00:33:26.599
 it.

00:33:26.599 --> 00:33:26.839
 I just

00:33:26.839 --> 00:33:27.299
 love how

00:33:27.299 --> 00:33:27.940
 he captures

00:33:27.940 --> 00:33:29.180
 how Christians

00:33:29.180 --> 00:33:29.880
 are in

00:33:29.880 --> 00:33:30.500
 both cities

00:33:30.500 --> 00:33:31.120
 at once.

00:33:32.160 --> 00:33:32.599
 We're in

00:33:32.599 --> 00:33:32.900
 the world,

00:33:32.960 --> 00:33:33.120
 but we're

00:33:33.120 --> 00:33:33.480
 not of

00:33:33.480 --> 00:33:33.660
 it.

00:33:35.819 --> 00:33:38.720
 Fifth

00:33:38.720 --> 00:33:39.099
 principle,

00:33:40.140 --> 00:33:40.860
 work for

00:33:40.860 --> 00:33:41.339
 the welfare

00:33:41.339 --> 00:33:42.059
 of the

00:33:42.059 --> 00:33:42.360
 earthly

00:33:42.360 --> 00:33:43.200
 city.

00:33:44.539 --> 00:33:45.059
 Augustine

00:33:45.059 --> 00:33:45.240
 says,

00:33:45.319 --> 00:33:45.599
 work for

00:33:45.599 --> 00:33:46.019
 the welfare

00:33:46.019 --> 00:33:46.380
 of the

00:33:46.380 --> 00:33:46.620
 earthly

00:33:46.620 --> 00:33:46.980
 city.

00:33:47.940 --> 00:33:48.599
 So this

00:33:48.599 --> 00:33:48.799
 is the

00:33:48.799 --> 00:33:49.059
 Daniel

00:33:49.059 --> 00:33:49.539
 principle

00:33:49.539 --> 00:33:52.640
 where God

00:33:52.640 --> 00:33:53.279
 told the

00:33:53.279 --> 00:33:53.640
 Jews in

00:33:53.640 --> 00:33:54.000
 Babylon,

00:33:54.319 --> 00:33:54.839
 Jeremiah

00:33:54.839 --> 00:33:55.259
 29,

00:33:55.380 --> 00:33:55.839
 verse 7,

00:33:55.839 --> 00:33:56.859
 seek the

00:33:56.859 --> 00:33:57.279
 welfare

00:33:57.279 --> 00:33:57.799
 of the

00:33:57.799 --> 00:33:58.039
 city

00:33:58.039 --> 00:33:58.379
 where I

00:33:58.379 --> 00:33:58.740
 have sent

00:33:58.740 --> 00:33:59.259
 you into

00:33:59.259 --> 00:33:59.779
 exile,

00:34:00.179 --> 00:34:01.199
 and pray

00:34:01.199 --> 00:34:02.639
 to the

00:34:02.639 --> 00:34:03.199
 Lord on

00:34:03.199 --> 00:34:04.099
 its behalf.

00:34:04.599 --> 00:34:04.919
 For in

00:34:04.919 --> 00:34:05.459
 its welfare

00:34:05.459 --> 00:34:06.559
 you will

00:34:06.559 --> 00:34:07.459
 find your

00:34:07.459 --> 00:34:07.879
 welfare.

00:34:08.840 --> 00:34:09.340
 I'm going

00:34:09.340 --> 00:34:09.500
 to repeat

00:34:09.500 --> 00:34:09.860
 that last

00:34:09.860 --> 00:34:10.139
 part.

00:34:10.599 --> 00:34:11.000
 For in

00:34:11.000 --> 00:34:11.299
 its

00:34:11.299 --> 00:34:11.840
 welfare

00:34:11.840 --> 00:34:12.579
 you will

00:34:12.579 --> 00:34:13.039
 find your

00:34:13.039 --> 00:34:13.420
 welfare.

00:34:15.840 --> 00:34:16.179
 And so

00:34:16.179 --> 00:34:16.519
 he understood

00:34:16.519 --> 00:34:17.779
 politics was

00:34:17.779 --> 00:34:18.340
 seeking the

00:34:18.340 --> 00:34:18.799
 good of the

00:34:18.799 --> 00:34:19.159
 city that

00:34:19.159 --> 00:34:19.819
 God placed

00:34:19.819 --> 00:34:20.119
 them in.

00:34:20.819 --> 00:34:21.319
 In the

00:34:21.319 --> 00:34:21.819
 city of

00:34:21.819 --> 00:34:22.299
 man's

00:34:22.299 --> 00:34:22.920
 welfare,

00:34:23.139 --> 00:34:23.480
 Christians

00:34:23.480 --> 00:34:24.219
 will find

00:34:24.219 --> 00:34:25.159
 our

00:34:25.159 --> 00:34:25.559
 welfare.

00:34:25.840 --> 00:34:27.660
 So although

00:34:27.660 --> 00:34:28.079
 there is a

00:34:28.079 --> 00:34:28.620
 conflict,

00:34:29.300 --> 00:34:29.880
 there is also

00:34:29.880 --> 00:34:30.760
 common interest

00:34:30.760 --> 00:34:31.920
 in life in

00:34:31.920 --> 00:34:32.200
 the earthly

00:34:32.200 --> 00:34:32.559
 city.

00:34:33.760 --> 00:34:34.160
 So in

00:34:34.160 --> 00:34:34.440
 earthly

00:34:34.440 --> 00:34:34.820
 political

00:34:34.820 --> 00:34:35.220
 life,

00:34:36.300 --> 00:34:36.860
 Christians

00:34:36.860 --> 00:34:37.960
 can be

00:34:37.960 --> 00:34:38.760
 united in

00:34:38.760 --> 00:34:39.280
 these earthly

00:34:39.280 --> 00:34:39.880
 goods with

00:34:39.880 --> 00:34:40.760
 non-Christians.

00:34:43.000 --> 00:34:45.620
 And Augustine

00:34:45.620 --> 00:34:46.140
 will use

00:34:46.140 --> 00:34:47.519
 illustrations like

00:34:47.519 --> 00:34:48.820
 seeing society

00:34:48.820 --> 00:34:49.400
 prosper,

00:34:49.760 --> 00:34:50.380
 food,

00:34:50.980 --> 00:34:51.400
 shelter,

00:34:51.820 --> 00:34:52.140
 these are

00:34:52.140 --> 00:34:52.820
 good things.

00:34:52.820 --> 00:34:52.880
 things.

00:34:53.680 --> 00:34:54.640
 A well-run

00:34:54.640 --> 00:34:54.980
 police

00:34:54.980 --> 00:34:56.100
 forest is a

00:34:56.100 --> 00:34:56.700
 good thing.

00:34:57.380 --> 00:34:57.820
 Stable

00:34:57.820 --> 00:34:58.480
 families are

00:34:58.480 --> 00:34:59.260
 good things,

00:34:59.460 --> 00:35:00.300
 laughing together

00:35:00.300 --> 00:35:00.960
 over a

00:35:00.960 --> 00:35:01.160
 meal.

00:35:02.360 --> 00:35:02.920
 He sums

00:35:02.920 --> 00:35:03.280
 it up in

00:35:03.280 --> 00:35:04.420
 this phrase,

00:35:04.780 --> 00:35:05.559
 earthly peace.

00:35:06.420 --> 00:35:07.220
 Earthly peace

00:35:07.220 --> 00:35:07.620
 is a good

00:35:07.620 --> 00:35:07.860
 thing.

00:35:08.820 --> 00:35:09.240
 In the

00:35:09.240 --> 00:35:09.880
 earthly city's

00:35:09.880 --> 00:35:10.900
 welfare, we

00:35:10.900 --> 00:35:11.620
 will find our

00:35:11.620 --> 00:35:11.980
 welfare.

00:35:12.780 --> 00:35:13.519
 So Augustine

00:35:13.519 --> 00:35:14.220
 saw that we

00:35:14.220 --> 00:35:14.800
 could be united

00:35:14.800 --> 00:35:15.400
 by common

00:35:15.400 --> 00:35:16.460
 interest with

00:35:16.460 --> 00:35:17.260
 non-Christians

00:35:17.260 --> 00:35:18.059
 and there will

00:35:18.059 --> 00:35:18.500
 be a spiritual

00:35:18.500 --> 00:35:20.059
 conflict, both

00:35:20.059 --> 00:35:20.440
 at the same

00:35:20.440 --> 00:35:20.739
 time.

00:35:22.320 --> 00:35:22.699
 Now of

00:35:22.699 --> 00:35:24.279
 course, and

00:35:24.279 --> 00:35:24.599
 Augustine

00:35:24.599 --> 00:35:25.420
 recognizes this,

00:35:25.539 --> 00:35:26.380
 our society

00:35:26.380 --> 00:35:27.460
 doesn't share

00:35:27.460 --> 00:35:27.840
 the same

00:35:27.840 --> 00:35:28.380
 values of

00:35:28.380 --> 00:35:28.799
 what is good

00:35:28.799 --> 00:35:29.179
 and evil,

00:35:29.779 --> 00:35:30.039
 right?

00:35:30.799 --> 00:35:31.440
 But we

00:35:31.440 --> 00:35:32.119
 can work for

00:35:32.119 --> 00:35:33.480
 areas of

00:35:33.480 --> 00:35:34.420
 common ground

00:35:34.420 --> 00:35:34.840
 that we both

00:35:34.840 --> 00:35:35.500
 can work

00:35:35.500 --> 00:35:35.739
 toward.

00:35:36.279 --> 00:35:36.659
 And we

00:35:36.659 --> 00:35:37.039
 love these

00:35:37.039 --> 00:35:37.340
 things in

00:35:37.340 --> 00:35:37.960
 different ways.

00:35:38.739 --> 00:35:39.119
 Christians

00:35:39.119 --> 00:35:40.559
 love is

00:35:40.559 --> 00:35:41.179
 always in the

00:35:41.179 --> 00:35:41.920
 context of a

00:35:41.920 --> 00:35:42.500
 greater love

00:35:42.500 --> 00:35:42.980
 for God.

00:35:44.059 --> 00:35:44.539
 So we

00:35:44.539 --> 00:35:45.279
 love earthly

00:35:45.279 --> 00:35:45.880
 peace not

00:35:45.880 --> 00:35:46.279
 for earthly

00:35:46.279 --> 00:35:46.659
 peace in

00:35:46.659 --> 00:35:47.059
 itself.

00:35:47.759 --> 00:35:48.460
 We love

00:35:48.460 --> 00:35:49.099
 these things

00:35:49.099 --> 00:35:49.619
 because

00:35:49.619 --> 00:35:50.659
 God is the

00:35:50.659 --> 00:35:50.940
 one who

00:35:50.940 --> 00:35:51.299
 gives them

00:35:51.299 --> 00:35:51.799
 to us.

00:35:52.259 --> 00:35:52.519
 They are

00:35:52.519 --> 00:35:53.239
 gifts from

00:35:53.239 --> 00:35:54.460
 God, right?

00:35:54.659 --> 00:35:55.039
 So we

00:35:55.039 --> 00:35:55.299
 can be

00:35:55.299 --> 00:35:55.880
 thankful for

00:35:55.880 --> 00:35:56.259
 the many

00:35:56.259 --> 00:35:57.039
 good gifts

00:35:57.039 --> 00:35:58.460
 that God

00:35:58.460 --> 00:35:58.880
 has given

00:35:58.880 --> 00:35:59.539
 to us as

00:35:59.539 --> 00:35:59.960
 Americans.

00:36:01.799 --> 00:36:02.460
 I'm one of

00:36:02.460 --> 00:36:03.159
 the types

00:36:03.159 --> 00:36:03.679
 that I get

00:36:03.679 --> 00:36:04.279
 choked up

00:36:04.279 --> 00:36:05.039
 singing the

00:36:05.039 --> 00:36:05.539
 National Anthem.

00:36:05.759 --> 00:36:06.019
 I don't know

00:36:06.019 --> 00:36:06.519
 why, I just

00:36:06.519 --> 00:36:07.420
 start getting

00:36:07.420 --> 00:36:07.940
 teary-eyed.

00:36:08.079 --> 00:36:08.299
 And it's

00:36:08.299 --> 00:36:09.259
 okay to

00:36:09.259 --> 00:36:10.920
 thank God

00:36:10.920 --> 00:36:11.719
 sincerely for

00:36:11.719 --> 00:36:12.119
 being an

00:36:12.119 --> 00:36:12.420
 American.

00:36:13.380 --> 00:36:13.639
 There's

00:36:13.639 --> 00:36:14.079
 nothing wrong

00:36:14.079 --> 00:36:14.420
 with that.

00:36:15.139 --> 00:36:15.799
 But ultimately

00:36:15.799 --> 00:36:16.539
 we thank God

00:36:16.539 --> 00:36:17.199
 for those things.

00:36:17.380 --> 00:36:17.539
 And our

00:36:17.539 --> 00:36:18.279
 allegiance is to

00:36:18.279 --> 00:36:18.599
 God.

00:36:19.619 --> 00:36:20.279
 And the

00:36:20.279 --> 00:36:21.039
 sixth principle,

00:36:21.599 --> 00:36:22.079
 and then we'll

00:36:22.079 --> 00:36:22.579
 open up for

00:36:22.579 --> 00:36:23.099
 questions and

00:36:23.099 --> 00:36:23.480
 comments,

00:36:24.119 --> 00:36:24.440
 the sixth

00:36:24.440 --> 00:36:25.559
 principle is

00:36:25.559 --> 00:36:26.659
 ground your

00:36:26.659 --> 00:36:27.799
 hope in

00:36:27.799 --> 00:36:28.159
 the heavenly

00:36:28.159 --> 00:36:28.500
 city.

00:36:29.279 --> 00:36:29.819
 Ground your

00:36:29.819 --> 00:36:30.259
 hope in the

00:36:30.259 --> 00:36:30.819
 heavenly city.

00:36:32.880 --> 00:36:33.380
 There's a

00:36:33.380 --> 00:36:34.500
 story, again,

00:36:34.599 --> 00:36:35.159
 of Scipio

00:36:35.159 --> 00:36:36.019
 Africanus.

00:36:38.359 --> 00:36:39.079
 He conquers

00:36:39.079 --> 00:36:39.880
 Rome's most

00:36:39.880 --> 00:36:40.719
 bitter enemy,

00:36:41.400 --> 00:36:41.980
 Carthage,

00:36:42.980 --> 00:36:43.839
 at the site

00:36:43.839 --> 00:36:44.739
 of the city

00:36:44.739 --> 00:36:45.940
 perishing amidst

00:36:45.940 --> 00:36:46.500
 the flames.

00:36:46.500 --> 00:36:48.139
 it is said

00:36:48.139 --> 00:36:48.739
 that Scipio

00:36:48.739 --> 00:36:49.440
 burst into

00:36:49.440 --> 00:36:49.860
 tears.

00:36:51.059 --> 00:36:51.900
 He had just

00:36:51.900 --> 00:36:53.380
 destroyed Rome's

00:36:53.380 --> 00:36:54.460
 greatest enemy.

00:36:55.559 --> 00:36:55.940
 And someone

00:36:55.940 --> 00:36:56.579
 asked Scipio,

00:36:56.840 --> 00:36:57.440
 why are you

00:36:57.440 --> 00:36:57.760
 weeping?

00:36:59.039 --> 00:36:59.840
 He replied,

00:37:00.119 --> 00:37:01.059
 this is a

00:37:01.059 --> 00:37:02.300
 glorious moment,

00:37:03.079 --> 00:37:03.860
 but I have a

00:37:03.860 --> 00:37:04.639
 dread foreboding

00:37:04.639 --> 00:37:05.400
 that someday

00:37:05.400 --> 00:37:07.480
 the same doom

00:37:07.480 --> 00:37:08.719
 will be

00:37:08.719 --> 00:37:09.239
 pronounced on

00:37:09.239 --> 00:37:09.519
 my own

00:37:09.519 --> 00:37:09.760
 country.

00:37:09.760 --> 00:37:12.220
 Scipio was

00:37:12.220 --> 00:37:12.820
 weeping because

00:37:12.820 --> 00:37:14.480
 one day what

00:37:14.480 --> 00:37:14.920
 happened to

00:37:14.920 --> 00:37:15.920
 Carthage will

00:37:15.920 --> 00:37:16.280
 happen to

00:37:16.280 --> 00:37:16.460
 Rome.

00:37:18.020 --> 00:37:18.680
 Augustine would

00:37:18.680 --> 00:37:19.020
 agree with

00:37:19.020 --> 00:37:19.260
 that.

00:37:20.620 --> 00:37:21.380
 What happened

00:37:21.380 --> 00:37:22.040
 to Carthage,

00:37:22.260 --> 00:37:22.740
 what happened

00:37:22.740 --> 00:37:23.300
 to Rome,

00:37:23.700 --> 00:37:24.220
 we pray that

00:37:24.220 --> 00:37:24.520
 this doesn't

00:37:24.520 --> 00:37:25.160
 happen, but

00:37:25.160 --> 00:37:27.060
 one day it

00:37:27.060 --> 00:37:27.520
 will happen to

00:37:27.520 --> 00:37:27.800
 America.

00:37:29.340 --> 00:37:30.000
 The earthly

00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:30.560
 city is

00:37:30.560 --> 00:37:30.960
 temporary.

00:37:31.820 --> 00:37:32.660
 Politics are

00:37:32.660 --> 00:37:33.740
 temporary when

00:37:33.740 --> 00:37:34.160
 you measure

00:37:34.160 --> 00:37:35.360
 them against

00:37:35.360 --> 00:37:35.960
 the city of

00:37:35.960 --> 00:37:36.260
 God.

00:37:36.700 --> 00:37:37.740
 That's where

00:37:37.740 --> 00:37:38.860
 our hope lies.

00:37:38.860 --> 00:37:40.000
 ground your

00:37:40.000 --> 00:37:41.700
 hope in the

00:37:41.700 --> 00:37:42.740
 heavenly city.

00:37:44.880 --> 00:37:45.820
 So those are

00:37:45.820 --> 00:37:46.420
 the six

00:37:46.420 --> 00:37:46.840
 principles.

00:37:48.300 --> 00:37:48.720
 Do not

00:37:48.720 --> 00:37:49.059
 panic.

00:37:49.420 --> 00:37:49.599
 Low

00:37:49.599 --> 00:37:50.240
 expectations.

00:37:50.860 --> 00:37:51.180
 Spiritual

00:37:51.180 --> 00:37:51.820
 conflict.

00:37:52.680 --> 00:37:53.120
 Christians

00:37:53.120 --> 00:37:53.980
 occupy both

00:37:53.980 --> 00:37:54.559
 at the same

00:37:54.559 --> 00:37:55.000
 time.

00:37:55.700 --> 00:37:56.000
 Work for

00:37:56.000 --> 00:37:56.360
 your welfare

00:37:56.360 --> 00:37:56.680
 in the

00:37:56.680 --> 00:37:57.220
 earthly city.

00:37:57.220 --> 00:37:58.780
 And above

00:37:58.780 --> 00:37:58.920
 all.