WEBVTT

00:00:00.760 --> 00:00:01.740
 Hello, everyone.

00:00:03.820 --> 00:00:06.839
 So I think we're going to, we're just going to go ahead and get started.

00:00:06.940 --> 00:00:08.279
 Hopefully some people will be trickling in.

00:00:08.859 --> 00:00:14.019
 We are in the midst of a series on women in Christianity,

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 women we should know and love and honor.

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 And John Hinkson has been doing a great job.

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 He's been talking about women in Reformation era, Puritan era, you know, 15, 16, 1700s.

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 And in this class, we're going to go back farther in time to the early church.

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 And we're going to begin with the New Testament

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 and talk about some of the women in the New Testament.

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 These names, I think, will be pretty familiar to most of us,

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 but I'm hoping that perhaps we'll uncover some new things.

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 But even if we don't, I'm hoping that their lives will be encouraging to us.

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 And then we're going to move from the New Testament to women in the early church.

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 The first few centuries, a little bit afterwards of when Christianity began.

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 And these names may be a bit more unfamiliar.

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 Before I begin, I just want to give you guys kind of a warning about the state of evidence.

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 Because when we deal with the ancient world, as with everything in the ancient world,

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 we've lost an enormous amount of material.

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 And so most of these folks we're going to be talking about,

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 we just have little snippets of information, sometimes just a paragraph.

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 But that actually is worth quite a lot in the context of the ancient world.

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 For some women, we have much more.

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 But this is the case for most men in the ancient world also.

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 We know almost nothing or very little about them.

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 So because of this, in the past classes in this series,

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 John's focused on just one woman or maybe two.

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 But we're going to be looking at a bunch.

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 We're going to do just a series of vignettes of little portraits.

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 Some are going to be very quick.

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 Some are going to be a little longer.

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 And hopefully that will give us kind of understanding of the breadth

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 and of accomplishments of these women and how they were used by God

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 to glorify him and to build up his church.

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 Why don't I begin with prayer?

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 Father in heaven, we thank you for the opportunity to worship you together,

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 to gather here safely in your name.

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 Father, we're going to be reading about women who'd never had that opportunity.

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 And we pray we'd be encouraged by their faith and how much they loved you

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 and how much they sacrificed, how faithful they were in honoring you.

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 I pray, Lord, that their testimonies would echo in our hearts

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 and would build us up, would encourage us, would rebuke us where we need rebuking,

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 would give us peace where we need peace.

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 Father, we pray all this in the name of your son, Jesus.

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 Amen.

00:02:56.560 --> 00:02:59.540
 Okay, so like I said, we're going to be starting in the New Testament

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 before we move on to early Christianity.

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 We're going to start with the name of a woman that many of us know, Elizabeth.

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 She, as you know, was the mother of John the Baptist.

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 And I start with her because she's going to begin a little theme

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 we'll be addressing in the first section of our talk.

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 And that's because in the Gospel of Luke, Luke's the only writer who mentions Elizabeth.

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 And he talks about, in Luke chapter 1,

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 how after her husband, Zacharias, had the angel appear to him

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 and was told that she was going to become pregnant,

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 which would answer their long-sought-after prayer, despite her age,

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 she became pregnant, she conceived.

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 And then in Luke chapter 1, verse 41, Luke describes how Mary,

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 the mother of Jesus, who was pregnant, came to meet Elizabeth,

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 who was also pregnant with John the Baptist.

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 And, quote,

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 When Elizabeth heard the greeting of Mary, the baby, that's John, leaped in her womb.

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 And Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit,

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 and she exclaimed with a loud cry,

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 Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb.

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 And why is this granted to me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?

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 For behold, when the sound of your greeting came to my ears,

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 the baby in my womb leaped for joy,

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 and blessed is she who believed that there would be a fulfillment

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 of what was spoken to her from the Lord.

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 So it's a beautiful passage.

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 This is almost all of the little we know about Elizabeth.

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 What I want to highlight here, though,

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 is how she was filled with the Holy Spirit.

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 And Luke doesn't use the word,

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 but she seems to give a prophecy here

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 about Mary and also about her child, Jesus.

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 She was filled with the Holy Spirit.

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 And that's going to be a little theme that Luke is going to emphasize,

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 because right after this, in Luke chapter 1,

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 Mary replies with this beautiful hymn, this beautiful song.

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 It's often called the Magnificat.

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 Mary says,

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 My soul magnifies the Lord, and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior,

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 for he has looked on the humble estate of his servant.

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 For behold, from now on, all generations will call me blessed.

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 Mary also then, in reply, gives this sort of prophetic word about her

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 and points out, like Elizabeth did,

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 that everyone from all generations are going to call Mary blessed

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 because she was blessed with conceiving and bearing and giving birth

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 and nursing the Son of God.

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 This little vignette of Elizabeth and Mary,

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 it reminds us of some of the women in the Old Testament

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 who also sang songs,

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 women like Miriam, Moses' sister,

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 and Deborah, the judge,

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 who all had these sort of prophetic ministries amongst the people

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 and who were called prophetesses,

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 just like these two women.

00:06:00.160 --> 00:06:06.720
 Luke goes on to tell us that Mary wrapped Jesus in swaddling clothes,

00:06:07.360 --> 00:06:13.500
 and Luke also gives us another little hint about something

00:06:13.500 --> 00:06:16.500
 that we have to delve below the surface to understand.

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 He says in Luke 2, verse 19,

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 when he's describing some occurrences that happened around the birth of Jesus,

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 he says that Mary, quote,

00:06:27.439 --> 00:06:31.680
 treasured all of these things in her heart.

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 And then, later on in the chapter, in Luke 51,

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 he says it again.

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 And scholars have pondered why Luke says this,

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 why does he repeat it,

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 and what does it mean?

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 And there is a theory,

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 which I think is the right one.

00:06:50.659 --> 00:06:51.680
 This is the one I favor,

00:06:51.839 --> 00:06:53.339
 is that Luke is indicating

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 where he is getting his information from.

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 He's kind of revealing his source for this,

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 that Mary remembered this.

00:07:01.819 --> 00:07:03.480
 And so he either interviewed Mary,

00:07:03.560 --> 00:07:05.719
 or he knew someone who knew Mary very well,

00:07:06.060 --> 00:07:10.159
 who relayed these stories about Jesus' birth.

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 And Luke is sort of giving this sort of subtly

00:07:14.380 --> 00:07:18.140
 as a clue to where he's getting his information from.

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 There's another,

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 there's a reason why we think this also,

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 because if we keep reading the Gospel of Luke,

00:07:26.760 --> 00:07:28.740
 we quickly, in chapter 2,

00:07:29.080 --> 00:07:31.320
 come across another prophetess,

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 another female prophet,

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 named Anna.

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 And we know very little about Anna.

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 This is a beautiful,

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 but highly unrealistic picture of Anna.

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 The codex had not been invented yet

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 when Anna was reading.

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 So everything was in a scroll.

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 So she,

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 and presumably at 84 years old,

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 she would not have been able to afford something like this.

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 But Luke tells us that when they brought,

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 Mary and Joseph brought Jesus into the temple,

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 that there was a prophetess,

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 and in his words named Anna,

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 the daughter of Phanuel from the tribe of Asher.

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 She was advanced in years,

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 having lived with her husband seven years

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 from when she was a virgin,

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 and then as a widow until she was 84.

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 And she did not depart from the temple,

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 worshiping with fasting and prayer night and day.

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 And coming up at that very hour,

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 she began to give thanks to God

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 and to speak of him to all

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 who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem.

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 That's all we know about Anna.

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 But what's remarkable is

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 if we start piecing these things together,

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 we see that in the first three chapters,

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 first two chapters of Luke,

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 we have three women

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 who are filled with the Holy Spirit

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 and who are speaking words of encouragement

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 about this coming Savior,

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 about Jesus.

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 And we have,

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 I've already mentioned them,

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 like Miriam and Deborah,

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 we have examples in the Old Testament,

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 but we see this clustering

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 of Luke emphasizing the role of women

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 in the early life of Jesus.

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 And that continues in the Gospel of Luke.

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 If we go to Luke chapter eight,

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 there's this fascinating little passage

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 that we're aching to know more about,

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 but Luke doesn't really let us know more.

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 But he's talking about Jesus.

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 He says,

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 soon afterwards,

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 this is chapter eight,

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 one through three.

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 He says,

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 soon afterwards,

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 Jesus went through cities and villages

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 proclaiming and bringing the good news

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 of the kingdom of God

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 and the 12,

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 the apostles,

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 the 12 apostles were with him.

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 But then Luke gives this wonderful detail.

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 He says,

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 and also some women were with Jesus

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 who had been healed of evil spirits

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 and infirmities.

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 Mary called Magdalene

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 from whom seven demons had gone out

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 and Joanna,

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 the wife of Chusa,

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 Herod's household manager

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 and Susanna

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 and many others.

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 Who provided for them

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 out of their means.

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 So,

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 we have this image of Jesus

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 when he's doing his itinerant preaching

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 and going from village to village.

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 His disciples,

00:10:00.679 --> 00:10:02.000
 his apostles are with him

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 and that's all true.

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 But Luke lets us know

00:10:04.559 --> 00:10:06.960
 that it was more than just the 12 apostles.

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 That there were also women with Jesus

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 who were following him

00:10:10.659 --> 00:10:12.419
 in his itinerant ministry

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 going from village to village,

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 city to city.

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 And not only that,

00:10:17.259 --> 00:10:19.039
 that they are providing

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 for him out of their means.

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 That they apparently fairly well off.

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 They're providing for his ministry.

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 They're supporting it.

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 And one of them,

00:10:28.480 --> 00:10:29.019
 at least,

00:10:29.259 --> 00:10:29.719
 Joanna,

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 she is called the wife of Chusa

00:10:32.480 --> 00:10:35.539
 who is King Herod's household manager.

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 So,

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 the steward would be kind of

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 the most senior

00:10:38.579 --> 00:10:40.480
 of the household staff

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 or the palace staff.

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 And she is the wife of this guy.

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 So,

00:10:44.419 --> 00:10:46.360
 she would have been fairly well to do

00:10:46.360 --> 00:10:48.240
 even if Chusa was,

00:10:48.339 --> 00:10:49.819
 it's possible that he was a slave.

00:10:49.939 --> 00:10:51.139
 But back in the ancient world,

00:10:51.579 --> 00:10:52.659
 slaves in this position

00:10:52.659 --> 00:10:53.919
 could be fairly wealthy

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 or have a lot of means

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 behind their jobs.

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 So,

00:10:58.740 --> 00:11:00.560
 this is also interesting

00:11:00.560 --> 00:11:02.440
 because Jesus' disciples,

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 you know,

00:11:02.840 --> 00:11:03.740
 they tended to be fishermen

00:11:03.740 --> 00:11:05.040
 and carpenters.

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 He was a carpenter.

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 But here we have

00:11:07.900 --> 00:11:09.580
 a woman of some wealth,

00:11:09.680 --> 00:11:10.040
 at least,

00:11:10.520 --> 00:11:11.580
 following him as well.

00:11:12.540 --> 00:11:13.400
 In total,

00:11:13.540 --> 00:11:15.100
 there are 14 women

00:11:15.100 --> 00:11:16.580
 mentioned by Luke

00:11:16.580 --> 00:11:17.600
 but are not mentioned

00:11:17.600 --> 00:11:19.060
 by any other gospel writer.

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 And

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 this is one reason

00:11:21.880 --> 00:11:23.300
 why scholars

00:11:23.300 --> 00:11:24.120
 think

00:11:24.120 --> 00:11:24.639
 that

00:11:24.639 --> 00:11:26.659
 many of the unique

00:11:26.659 --> 00:11:28.620
 stories that Luke has

00:11:28.620 --> 00:11:29.299
 are because

00:11:29.299 --> 00:11:30.580
 he knew some of these women

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 and they shared with him

00:11:32.120 --> 00:11:32.799
 these stories

00:11:32.799 --> 00:11:33.960
 and that they were

00:11:33.960 --> 00:11:35.240
 the sources

00:11:35.240 --> 00:11:36.379
 that he mentioned

00:11:36.379 --> 00:11:37.179
 when he says

00:11:37.179 --> 00:11:38.399
 in the very beginning

00:11:38.399 --> 00:11:39.279
 of Luke chapter 1

00:11:39.279 --> 00:11:40.179
 that I wanted to go

00:11:40.179 --> 00:11:41.679
 to the eyewitnesses themselves.

00:11:42.259 --> 00:11:43.179
 That he's not just

00:11:43.179 --> 00:11:44.159
 talking about the apostles,

00:11:44.360 --> 00:11:44.860
 he's also

00:11:44.860 --> 00:11:45.960
 speaking about

00:11:45.960 --> 00:11:46.860
 some of these women

00:11:46.860 --> 00:11:47.399
 like Mary,

00:11:47.460 --> 00:11:48.240
 the mother of Jesus,

00:11:48.799 --> 00:11:49.379
 and perhaps

00:11:49.379 --> 00:11:50.100
 these other women

00:11:50.100 --> 00:11:50.759
 like Joanna

00:11:50.759 --> 00:11:51.639
 or Susanna.

00:11:52.820 --> 00:11:53.539
 There's another

00:11:53.539 --> 00:11:54.480
 beautiful story

00:11:54.480 --> 00:11:55.379
 in Luke

00:11:55.379 --> 00:11:57.099
 which is very famous

00:11:57.099 --> 00:11:58.319
 about Mary and Martha

00:11:58.319 --> 00:11:59.779
 and how Jesus

00:11:59.779 --> 00:12:00.699
 was at their house.

00:12:00.839 --> 00:12:01.879
 They were hosting him

00:12:01.879 --> 00:12:03.439
 and how Martha,

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 Luke says,

00:12:04.419 --> 00:12:05.219
 was distracted

00:12:05.219 --> 00:12:06.179
 with much serving

00:12:06.179 --> 00:12:06.879
 and preparation

00:12:06.879 --> 00:12:07.879
 and hosting Jesus

00:12:07.879 --> 00:12:08.779
 and all the other people

00:12:08.779 --> 00:12:09.799
 who were presumably there

00:12:09.799 --> 00:12:11.059
 and Mary was

00:12:11.059 --> 00:12:12.740
 sitting at Jesus' feet

00:12:12.740 --> 00:12:13.899
 and listening

00:12:13.899 --> 00:12:15.120
 and learning

00:12:15.120 --> 00:12:16.500
 and there's that

00:12:16.500 --> 00:12:17.740
 Martha gets kind of

00:12:17.740 --> 00:12:18.500
 annoyed at this

00:12:18.500 --> 00:12:20.299
 and Jesus

00:12:20.299 --> 00:12:21.259
 says

00:12:21.259 --> 00:12:22.039
 that,

00:12:22.339 --> 00:12:22.399
 Martha,

00:12:22.500 --> 00:12:22.699
 Martha,

00:12:22.700 --> 00:12:23.440
 you are anxious

00:12:23.440 --> 00:12:24.320
 and troubled

00:12:24.320 --> 00:12:25.360
 about many things

00:12:25.360 --> 00:12:26.400
 but one thing

00:12:26.400 --> 00:12:27.180
 is necessary.

00:12:27.780 --> 00:12:28.560
 Mary has chosen

00:12:28.560 --> 00:12:29.400
 the good portion

00:12:29.400 --> 00:12:30.200
 which will not

00:12:30.200 --> 00:12:31.600
 be taken away

00:12:31.600 --> 00:12:32.200
 from her.

00:12:33.300 --> 00:12:34.560
 So this is another

00:12:34.560 --> 00:12:35.300
 little window

00:12:35.300 --> 00:12:36.700
 in the ministry

00:12:36.700 --> 00:12:37.620
 and life of Jesus.

00:12:38.000 --> 00:12:38.600
 What's remarkable

00:12:38.600 --> 00:12:39.480
 here is that

00:12:39.480 --> 00:12:41.340
 Jesus wanted

00:12:41.340 --> 00:12:42.480
 women to learn

00:12:42.480 --> 00:12:42.980
 from him

00:12:42.980 --> 00:12:43.900
 just like the other

00:12:43.900 --> 00:12:44.820
 disciples were

00:12:44.820 --> 00:12:46.060
 and this was not

00:12:46.060 --> 00:12:46.820
 a normal thing

00:12:46.820 --> 00:12:47.660
 in the ancient world

00:12:47.660 --> 00:12:48.300
 to do

00:12:48.299 --> 00:12:49.819
 but for Jesus

00:12:49.819 --> 00:12:50.620
 that's exactly

00:12:50.620 --> 00:12:51.339
 what he wants

00:12:51.339 --> 00:12:52.799
 in his female

00:12:52.799 --> 00:12:53.659
 disciples.

00:12:54.659 --> 00:12:55.839
 As we go through

00:12:55.839 --> 00:12:56.879
 many of us

00:12:56.879 --> 00:12:57.479
 are aware

00:12:57.479 --> 00:12:59.000
 of the women

00:12:59.000 --> 00:13:00.259
 in the last hours

00:13:00.259 --> 00:13:01.339
 of Jesus' life

00:13:01.339 --> 00:13:03.279
 when he was

00:13:03.279 --> 00:13:04.219
 carrying

00:13:04.219 --> 00:13:05.559
 his cross.

00:13:05.979 --> 00:13:06.639
 Luke describes

00:13:06.639 --> 00:13:07.359
 how there was

00:13:07.359 --> 00:13:08.559
 a crowd of people

00:13:08.559 --> 00:13:09.579
 but he signals out

00:13:09.579 --> 00:13:10.559
 the women in particular

00:13:10.559 --> 00:13:12.179
 who were following.

00:13:12.839 --> 00:13:13.539
 He describes

00:13:13.539 --> 00:13:14.139
 how Jesus

00:13:14.139 --> 00:13:15.159
 addresses them.

00:13:15.259 --> 00:13:15.539
 He says,

00:13:15.539 --> 00:13:16.579
 daughters of Jerusalem

00:13:16.579 --> 00:13:18.439
 do not weep for me

00:13:18.439 --> 00:13:19.799
 but weep for yourselves

00:13:19.799 --> 00:13:20.740
 and for your children

00:13:20.740 --> 00:13:21.219
 and he gives

00:13:21.219 --> 00:13:21.939
 sort of a prophecy

00:13:21.939 --> 00:13:22.599
 about the terrible

00:13:22.599 --> 00:13:23.480
 things that are coming

00:13:23.480 --> 00:13:26.059
 and of course

00:13:26.059 --> 00:13:26.939
 the women were there

00:13:26.939 --> 00:13:28.439
 when they saw

00:13:28.439 --> 00:13:29.379
 Jesus die

00:13:29.379 --> 00:13:30.199
 on the cross

00:13:30.199 --> 00:13:31.639
 and when they

00:13:31.639 --> 00:13:32.360
 laid him

00:13:32.360 --> 00:13:33.500
 in the tomb

00:13:33.500 --> 00:13:34.480
 and wrapped him

00:13:34.480 --> 00:13:35.179
 in clothes

00:13:35.179 --> 00:13:36.439
 and then Luke

00:13:36.439 --> 00:13:36.860
 and the other

00:13:36.860 --> 00:13:37.539
 gospel writers

00:13:37.539 --> 00:13:38.839
 describe how

00:13:38.839 --> 00:13:39.659
 they were the first

00:13:39.659 --> 00:13:41.259
 ones to go

00:13:41.259 --> 00:13:42.120
 to the tomb

00:13:42.120 --> 00:13:44.819
 and other gospel

00:13:44.820 --> 00:13:45.560
 writers indicate

00:13:45.560 --> 00:13:46.360
 that Jesus

00:13:46.360 --> 00:13:47.220
 appeared to them

00:13:47.220 --> 00:13:47.720
 first.

00:13:48.820 --> 00:13:49.620
 Now this is

00:13:49.620 --> 00:13:50.520
 another

00:13:50.520 --> 00:13:53.160
 remarkable aspect

00:13:53.160 --> 00:13:54.379
 of Jesus' ministry.

00:13:55.020 --> 00:13:56.040
 It's often said

00:13:56.040 --> 00:13:56.740
 you may have heard

00:13:56.740 --> 00:13:57.140
 it before

00:13:57.140 --> 00:13:57.760
 that in the ancient

00:13:57.760 --> 00:13:58.160
 world

00:13:58.160 --> 00:13:58.980
 the testimony

00:13:58.980 --> 00:13:59.420
 of women

00:13:59.420 --> 00:14:00.360
 was not valued

00:14:00.360 --> 00:14:01.280
 or not believed.

00:14:01.600 --> 00:14:02.400
 We see this

00:14:02.400 --> 00:14:03.640
 in the gospel

00:14:03.640 --> 00:14:04.500
 accounts themselves.

00:14:04.680 --> 00:14:05.080
 Luke says

00:14:05.080 --> 00:14:05.780
 that when the women

00:14:05.780 --> 00:14:06.640
 returned

00:14:06.640 --> 00:14:07.260
 to report

00:14:07.260 --> 00:14:08.060
 to the apostles

00:14:08.060 --> 00:14:09.220
 Luke 24 11

00:14:09.220 --> 00:14:10.360
 that their words

00:14:10.360 --> 00:14:10.980
 seemed like

00:14:10.980 --> 00:14:11.820
 an idle tale

00:14:11.820 --> 00:14:13.140
 and they did not

00:14:13.139 --> 00:14:14.360
 believe it

00:14:14.360 --> 00:14:15.480
 and remember

00:14:15.480 --> 00:14:15.960
 they didn't

00:14:15.960 --> 00:14:16.360
 believe it

00:14:16.360 --> 00:14:16.860
 even though

00:14:16.860 --> 00:14:18.019
 Jesus had said

00:14:18.019 --> 00:14:18.559
 this was going

00:14:18.559 --> 00:14:19.019
 to happen

00:14:19.019 --> 00:14:19.779
 and then they

00:14:19.779 --> 00:14:20.360
 reported and

00:14:20.360 --> 00:14:20.919
 they still

00:14:20.919 --> 00:14:21.460
 are refusing

00:14:21.460 --> 00:14:22.039
 to believe it

00:14:22.039 --> 00:14:23.960
 and I actually

00:14:23.960 --> 00:14:25.100
 wanted to make

00:14:25.100 --> 00:14:25.659
 sure sometimes

00:14:25.659 --> 00:14:26.480
 we hear these

00:14:26.480 --> 00:14:27.299
 assertions that

00:14:27.299 --> 00:14:27.840
 the ancient world

00:14:27.840 --> 00:14:28.279
 was a certain

00:14:28.279 --> 00:14:29.480
 way like they

00:14:29.480 --> 00:14:29.939
 didn't accept

00:14:29.939 --> 00:14:30.399
 the testimony

00:14:30.399 --> 00:14:30.840
 of women

00:14:30.840 --> 00:14:31.559
 and I've tried

00:14:31.559 --> 00:14:32.220
 to track this

00:14:32.220 --> 00:14:32.879
 down and nail

00:14:32.879 --> 00:14:33.319
 it down

00:14:33.319 --> 00:14:35.019
 and I discovered

00:14:35.019 --> 00:14:35.840
 that if you

00:14:35.840 --> 00:14:36.879
 look in

00:14:36.879 --> 00:14:37.879
 Greco-Roman law

00:14:37.879 --> 00:14:39.159
 books if you

00:14:39.159 --> 00:14:39.919
 look also in

00:14:39.919 --> 00:14:41.480
 Jewish customs

00:14:41.480 --> 00:14:42.420
 they do

00:14:42.420 --> 00:14:43.539
 specifically say

00:14:43.539 --> 00:14:44.300
 that the

00:14:44.300 --> 00:14:45.000
 testimony of

00:14:45.000 --> 00:14:45.379
 women is

00:14:45.379 --> 00:14:46.139
 outlawed in

00:14:46.139 --> 00:14:47.399
 court and

00:14:47.399 --> 00:14:48.200
 you have that

00:14:48.200 --> 00:14:49.300
 in Greek law

00:14:49.300 --> 00:14:50.060
 you have it

00:14:50.060 --> 00:14:50.980
 in Jewish law

00:14:50.980 --> 00:14:51.840
 and you have

00:14:51.840 --> 00:14:52.500
 it in Roman

00:14:52.500 --> 00:14:53.120
 law Latin

00:14:53.120 --> 00:14:53.980
 law as well

00:14:53.980 --> 00:14:55.399
 by the by the

00:14:55.399 --> 00:14:56.080
 third century

00:14:56.080 --> 00:14:57.019
 that had

00:14:57.019 --> 00:14:58.340
 changed but

00:14:58.340 --> 00:14:58.899
 there was still

00:14:58.899 --> 00:14:59.659
 a stigma we

00:14:59.659 --> 00:15:00.399
 have jurists

00:15:00.399 --> 00:15:01.019
 you know lawyers

00:15:01.019 --> 00:15:01.899
 in Rome saying

00:15:01.899 --> 00:15:02.620
 yes you know

00:15:02.620 --> 00:15:03.379
 women are allowed

00:15:03.379 --> 00:15:04.360
 to do this but

00:15:04.360 --> 00:15:04.820
 they will even

00:15:04.820 --> 00:15:05.379
 say there's a

00:15:05.379 --> 00:15:06.039
 great prejudice

00:15:06.039 --> 00:15:06.920
 against them

00:15:06.920 --> 00:15:08.240
 and I point

00:15:08.240 --> 00:15:08.899
 this out because

00:15:08.899 --> 00:15:09.740
 it's it makes

00:15:09.740 --> 00:15:10.220
 it all the more

00:15:10.220 --> 00:15:10.700
 remarkable

00:15:10.700 --> 00:15:12.780
 that Jesus

00:15:12.780 --> 00:15:13.600
 chose to reveal

00:15:13.600 --> 00:15:14.400
 himself in this

00:15:14.400 --> 00:15:15.900
 way and the

00:15:15.900 --> 00:15:16.740
 early church

00:15:16.740 --> 00:15:18.759
 acknowledged this

00:15:18.759 --> 00:15:20.180
 there's a writer

00:15:20.180 --> 00:15:21.180
 named Hippolytus

00:15:21.180 --> 00:15:21.660
 he has a

00:15:21.660 --> 00:15:22.420
 commentary on the

00:15:22.420 --> 00:15:23.160
 Song of Songs

00:15:23.160 --> 00:15:24.759
 and Tyler

00:15:24.759 --> 00:15:25.259
 you'll appreciate

00:15:25.259 --> 00:15:25.780
 this he

00:15:25.780 --> 00:15:26.580
 interprets the

00:15:26.580 --> 00:15:27.140
 Song of Songs

00:15:27.140 --> 00:15:27.800
 as this sort

00:15:27.800 --> 00:15:29.860
 of love song

00:15:29.860 --> 00:15:30.460
 between the

00:15:30.460 --> 00:15:31.460
 soul and

00:15:31.460 --> 00:15:32.820
 God but

00:15:32.820 --> 00:15:33.580
 he also

00:15:33.580 --> 00:15:34.520
 interprets it

00:15:34.520 --> 00:15:35.660
 allegorically as

00:15:35.660 --> 00:15:37.740
 representing all

00:15:37.740 --> 00:15:38.280
 of like the

00:15:38.280 --> 00:15:39.060
 myrrh and the

00:15:39.060 --> 00:15:39.640
 ointments that

00:15:39.640 --> 00:15:40.180
 are mentioned in

00:15:40.179 --> 00:15:40.819
 the Song of Songs

00:15:40.819 --> 00:15:42.879
 he keeps giving

00:15:42.879 --> 00:15:43.439
 these allusions

00:15:43.439 --> 00:15:44.239
 to the women

00:15:44.239 --> 00:15:44.679
 who helped

00:15:44.679 --> 00:15:45.339
 bury Jesus

00:15:45.339 --> 00:15:46.219
 and he laid

00:15:46.219 --> 00:15:46.519
 him in the

00:15:46.519 --> 00:15:46.899
 tomb with

00:15:46.899 --> 00:15:47.219
 all these

00:15:47.219 --> 00:15:47.859
 with all

00:15:47.859 --> 00:15:50.379
 these perfumes

00:15:50.379 --> 00:15:51.659
 and ointments

00:15:51.659 --> 00:15:53.419
 and Hippolytus

00:15:53.419 --> 00:15:54.379
 famously calls

00:15:54.379 --> 00:15:54.919
 the women

00:15:54.919 --> 00:15:56.339
 apostles to

00:15:56.339 --> 00:15:56.939
 the apostles

00:15:56.939 --> 00:15:58.179
 because he

00:15:58.179 --> 00:15:58.879
 says that they

00:15:58.879 --> 00:15:59.439
 were the ones

00:15:59.439 --> 00:15:59.879
 who preached

00:15:59.879 --> 00:16:00.479
 the good news

00:16:00.479 --> 00:16:01.159
 to the apostles

00:16:01.159 --> 00:16:01.839
 so that the

00:16:01.839 --> 00:16:02.539
 apostles could

00:16:02.539 --> 00:16:03.679
 preach it to

00:16:03.679 --> 00:16:04.240
 the world

00:16:04.240 --> 00:16:06.399
 if we keep

00:16:06.399 --> 00:16:07.219
 going with Luke

00:16:07.220 --> 00:16:08.160
 there's that

00:16:08.160 --> 00:16:08.940
 scene on the

00:16:08.940 --> 00:16:09.560
 way to Emmaus

00:16:09.560 --> 00:16:10.019
 where Jesus

00:16:10.019 --> 00:16:10.779
 appears to

00:16:10.779 --> 00:16:12.000
 Cleopas and

00:16:12.000 --> 00:16:12.820
 another person

00:16:12.820 --> 00:16:13.300
 and Luke

00:16:13.300 --> 00:16:14.019
 doesn't tell us

00:16:14.019 --> 00:16:14.600
 who it is

00:16:14.600 --> 00:16:15.340
 it's an

00:16:15.340 --> 00:16:16.180
 anonymous person

00:16:16.180 --> 00:16:17.960
 and there's a

00:16:17.960 --> 00:16:18.560
 scholar Richard

00:16:18.560 --> 00:16:19.220
 Bauckham who

00:16:19.220 --> 00:16:19.960
 makes an argument

00:16:19.960 --> 00:16:21.220
 that this is

00:16:21.220 --> 00:16:22.560
 probably Cleopas'

00:16:22.759 --> 00:16:25.080
 wife and we

00:16:25.080 --> 00:16:26.300
 he says it for a

00:16:26.300 --> 00:16:26.820
 couple reasons

00:16:26.820 --> 00:16:27.600
 but one reason

00:16:27.600 --> 00:16:28.680
 is that we know

00:16:28.680 --> 00:16:29.680
 Cleopas had a

00:16:29.680 --> 00:16:30.360
 wife because she

00:16:30.360 --> 00:16:31.180
 was at the tomb

00:16:31.180 --> 00:16:32.500
 or helped bury

00:16:32.500 --> 00:16:33.279
 Jesus she was one

00:16:33.279 --> 00:16:33.860
 of the women who

00:16:33.860 --> 00:16:35.560
 was around and

00:16:35.560 --> 00:16:36.100
 so there's good

00:16:36.100 --> 00:16:36.840
 reason for thinking

00:16:36.840 --> 00:16:37.779
 that we don't

00:16:37.779 --> 00:16:38.379
 know that for

00:16:38.379 --> 00:16:40.220
 sure but it's

00:16:40.220 --> 00:16:41.920
 I think very

00:16:41.920 --> 00:16:43.120
 possible perhaps

00:16:43.120 --> 00:16:43.800
 even probable

00:16:43.800 --> 00:16:45.200
 if we keep

00:16:45.200 --> 00:16:45.940
 reading Luke is

00:16:45.940 --> 00:16:46.639
 not done with

00:16:46.639 --> 00:16:47.540
 his discussions

00:16:47.540 --> 00:16:48.220
 of women if

00:16:48.220 --> 00:16:49.240
 we read the

00:16:49.240 --> 00:16:49.899
 book of Acts

00:16:49.899 --> 00:16:51.139
 he mentions that

00:16:51.139 --> 00:16:52.000
 in chapter 1

00:16:52.000 --> 00:16:52.720
 when all the

00:16:52.720 --> 00:16:53.360
 disciples are

00:16:53.360 --> 00:16:53.879
 together with

00:16:53.879 --> 00:16:54.519
 one accord

00:16:54.519 --> 00:16:55.300
 devoting themselves

00:16:55.300 --> 00:16:56.440
 to prayer he

00:16:56.440 --> 00:16:57.120
 points out

00:16:57.120 --> 00:16:57.960
 specifically that

00:16:57.960 --> 00:16:58.580
 it wasn't just

00:16:58.580 --> 00:16:59.480
 the male disciples

00:16:59.480 --> 00:17:00.560
 he says together

00:17:00.560 --> 00:17:01.300
 with the women

00:17:01.300 --> 00:17:02.980
 and Mary the

00:17:02.980 --> 00:17:03.779
 mother of Jesus

00:17:03.779 --> 00:17:05.920
 he also mentions

00:17:05.920 --> 00:17:06.560
 at this point

00:17:06.560 --> 00:17:07.180
 his brothers

00:17:07.180 --> 00:17:07.860
 they apparently

00:17:07.860 --> 00:17:08.420
 hadn't always

00:17:08.420 --> 00:17:09.120
 believed but

00:17:09.120 --> 00:17:10.320
 already in chapter

00:17:10.320 --> 00:17:11.060
 1 in Acts

00:17:11.060 --> 00:17:11.960
 they're there

00:17:11.960 --> 00:17:12.500
 they've been

00:17:12.500 --> 00:17:12.960
 convinced

00:17:12.960 --> 00:17:14.140
 if we

00:17:14.140 --> 00:17:16.920
 so to sum

00:17:16.920 --> 00:17:17.240
 up

00:17:17.240 --> 00:17:19.960
 we find that

00:17:19.960 --> 00:17:21.400
 in Luke's

00:17:21.400 --> 00:17:22.360
 gospel he

00:17:22.360 --> 00:17:23.340
 tells us that

00:17:23.340 --> 00:17:23.840
 not only did

00:17:23.840 --> 00:17:24.360
 women have a

00:17:24.360 --> 00:17:24.900
 very important

00:17:24.900 --> 00:17:25.660
 place in Jesus'

00:17:25.900 --> 00:17:26.259
 ministry

00:17:26.259 --> 00:17:27.779
 they also had

00:17:27.779 --> 00:17:28.220
 an important

00:17:28.220 --> 00:17:29.560
 place as sources

00:17:29.560 --> 00:17:30.480
 for the gospel

00:17:30.480 --> 00:17:31.259
 of Luke

00:17:31.259 --> 00:17:31.779
 I think it's

00:17:31.779 --> 00:17:32.340
 very fair to

00:17:32.340 --> 00:17:32.840
 say that

00:17:32.839 --> 00:17:35.519
 the apostles

00:17:35.519 --> 00:17:36.500
 seem to have

00:17:36.500 --> 00:17:37.019
 taken up

00:17:37.019 --> 00:17:37.339
 Jesus'

00:17:37.599 --> 00:17:38.079
 examples

00:17:38.079 --> 00:17:40.500
 of how he

00:17:40.500 --> 00:17:41.220
 interacted with

00:17:41.220 --> 00:17:41.519
 women

00:17:41.519 --> 00:17:42.319
 which was

00:17:42.319 --> 00:17:43.619
 fairly contrary

00:17:43.619 --> 00:17:44.559
 to the custom

00:17:44.559 --> 00:17:45.099
 of the ancient

00:17:45.099 --> 00:17:45.519
 world

00:17:45.519 --> 00:17:46.839
 and this is

00:17:46.839 --> 00:17:47.240
 I'm just going

00:17:47.240 --> 00:17:48.059
 to give some

00:17:48.059 --> 00:17:49.359
 scatter shots

00:17:49.359 --> 00:17:50.059
 here of other

00:17:50.059 --> 00:17:50.519
 women in the

00:17:50.519 --> 00:17:50.980
 New Testament

00:17:50.980 --> 00:17:51.720
 before we get

00:17:51.720 --> 00:17:52.839
 on to women

00:17:52.839 --> 00:17:53.220
 in early

00:17:53.220 --> 00:17:53.699
 Christianity

00:17:53.699 --> 00:17:55.439
 but there was

00:17:55.439 --> 00:17:56.339
 Phoebe a deacon

00:17:56.339 --> 00:17:56.879
 in the church

00:17:56.879 --> 00:17:57.699
 of Corinth

00:17:57.699 --> 00:17:58.659
 who Paul

00:17:58.659 --> 00:17:59.259
 mentions to

00:17:59.259 --> 00:17:59.699
 the Romans

00:17:59.700 --> 00:18:00.580
 there's

00:18:00.580 --> 00:18:01.279
 Judea

00:18:01.279 --> 00:18:01.960
 and Syntyche

00:18:01.960 --> 00:18:02.680
 Paul calls

00:18:02.680 --> 00:18:03.180
 them fellow

00:18:03.180 --> 00:18:03.700
 workers

00:18:03.700 --> 00:18:04.900
 there's of

00:18:04.900 --> 00:18:05.720
 course Priscilla

00:18:05.720 --> 00:18:06.819
 and Aquila

00:18:06.819 --> 00:18:07.600
 the husband

00:18:07.600 --> 00:18:08.240
 wife missionary

00:18:08.240 --> 00:18:08.779
 team

00:18:08.779 --> 00:18:09.420
 they were the

00:18:09.420 --> 00:18:09.819
 ones who

00:18:09.819 --> 00:18:10.539
 sat Barnabas

00:18:10.539 --> 00:18:11.500
 down and

00:18:11.500 --> 00:18:12.279
 explained the

00:18:12.279 --> 00:18:12.759
 word of God

00:18:12.759 --> 00:18:13.420
 more accurately

00:18:13.420 --> 00:18:14.100
 to him

00:18:14.100 --> 00:18:15.000
 and that

00:18:15.000 --> 00:18:15.799
 proved to be

00:18:15.799 --> 00:18:16.180
 enormously

00:18:16.180 --> 00:18:16.880
 influential in

00:18:16.880 --> 00:18:17.180
 the church

00:18:17.180 --> 00:18:17.779
 Barnabas was

00:18:17.779 --> 00:18:18.059
 one of the

00:18:18.059 --> 00:18:19.120
 great missionaries

00:18:19.120 --> 00:18:19.640
 and apostles

00:18:19.640 --> 00:18:20.240
 of the early

00:18:20.240 --> 00:18:20.640
 church

00:18:20.640 --> 00:18:21.660
 and Priscilla

00:18:21.660 --> 00:18:22.200
 and Aquila

00:18:22.200 --> 00:18:23.039
 are mentioned

00:18:23.039 --> 00:18:23.860
 many times

00:18:23.860 --> 00:18:24.880
 in Paul's

00:18:24.880 --> 00:18:25.640
 letters and

00:18:25.640 --> 00:18:27.059
 in the book

00:18:27.059 --> 00:18:27.500
 of Acts

00:18:27.500 --> 00:18:28.000
 also

00:18:28.000 --> 00:18:29.220
 there's

00:18:29.220 --> 00:18:29.960
 a woman

00:18:29.960 --> 00:18:30.779
 Junia

00:18:30.779 --> 00:18:31.839
 who's mentioned

00:18:31.839 --> 00:18:32.900
 in Romans

00:18:32.900 --> 00:18:34.140
 and Paul

00:18:34.140 --> 00:18:34.900
 says that

00:18:34.900 --> 00:18:36.599
 she is

00:18:36.599 --> 00:18:37.220
 quote well

00:18:37.220 --> 00:18:38.640
 known among

00:18:38.640 --> 00:18:39.240
 the apostles

00:18:39.240 --> 00:18:40.619
 and this

00:18:40.619 --> 00:18:41.000
 has proved

00:18:41.000 --> 00:18:41.619
 controversial

00:18:41.619 --> 00:18:42.559
 this passage

00:18:42.559 --> 00:18:43.140
 is controversial

00:18:43.140 --> 00:18:43.819
 for a few

00:18:43.819 --> 00:18:44.180
 reasons

00:18:44.180 --> 00:18:44.859
 one is that

00:18:44.859 --> 00:18:45.680
 the name

00:18:45.680 --> 00:18:46.539
 is feminine

00:18:46.539 --> 00:18:47.460
 it's not

00:18:47.460 --> 00:18:47.839
 a hundred

00:18:47.839 --> 00:18:49.039
 percent sure

00:18:49.039 --> 00:18:49.559
 but it's

00:18:49.559 --> 00:18:49.960
 likely

00:18:49.960 --> 00:18:50.700
 all the

00:18:50.700 --> 00:18:51.079
 evidence

00:18:51.079 --> 00:18:51.440
 is in

00:18:51.440 --> 00:18:51.880
 favor of

00:18:51.880 --> 00:18:51.980
 it

00:18:51.980 --> 00:18:52.259
 but the

00:18:52.259 --> 00:18:52.559
 evidence

00:18:52.559 --> 00:18:53.180
 is not

00:18:53.180 --> 00:18:54.140
 you know

00:18:54.140 --> 00:18:54.720
 completely

00:18:54.720 --> 00:18:55.500
 rock solid

00:18:55.500 --> 00:18:56.779
 and then

00:18:56.779 --> 00:18:57.400
 the question

00:18:57.400 --> 00:18:58.540
 of what

00:18:58.540 --> 00:18:59.100
 that phrase

00:18:59.100 --> 00:18:59.500
 means

00:18:59.500 --> 00:19:00.680
 among the

00:19:00.680 --> 00:19:01.120
 apostles

00:19:01.120 --> 00:19:02.320
 people have

00:19:02.320 --> 00:19:02.620
 debated

00:19:02.620 --> 00:19:03.180
 if Paul

00:19:03.180 --> 00:19:03.519
 is here

00:19:03.519 --> 00:19:04.360
 saying that

00:19:04.360 --> 00:19:04.800
 this woman

00:19:04.800 --> 00:19:05.580
 is famous

00:19:05.580 --> 00:19:07.620
 to the

00:19:07.620 --> 00:19:08.000
 apostles

00:19:08.000 --> 00:19:08.480
 that the

00:19:08.480 --> 00:19:08.800
 apostles

00:19:08.800 --> 00:19:09.440
 all know

00:19:09.440 --> 00:19:09.759
 her

00:19:09.759 --> 00:19:10.420
 and she's

00:19:10.420 --> 00:19:10.759
 beloved

00:19:10.759 --> 00:19:11.360
 by them

00:19:11.360 --> 00:19:12.519
 or if

00:19:12.519 --> 00:19:13.160
 he's saying

00:19:13.160 --> 00:19:14.420
 he is

00:19:14.420 --> 00:19:15.120
 classing her

00:19:15.120 --> 00:19:16.440
 among the

00:19:16.440 --> 00:19:16.880
 apostles

00:19:16.880 --> 00:19:17.660
 as like

00:19:17.660 --> 00:19:18.480
 an apostle

00:19:18.480 --> 00:19:19.140
 herself

00:19:19.140 --> 00:19:20.960
 and this

00:19:20.960 --> 00:19:21.600
 is controversial

00:19:21.600 --> 00:19:22.980
 for several

00:19:22.980 --> 00:19:23.460
 reasons

00:19:23.460 --> 00:19:24.420
 there are

00:19:24.420 --> 00:19:25.820
 some early

00:19:25.819 --> 00:19:26.319
 Christian

00:19:26.319 --> 00:19:26.819
 writers

00:19:26.819 --> 00:19:27.279
 John

00:19:27.279 --> 00:19:28.019
 Chrysostom

00:19:28.019 --> 00:19:29.460
 Theodorette

00:19:29.460 --> 00:19:29.939
 they're

00:19:29.939 --> 00:19:30.480
 writing in

00:19:30.480 --> 00:19:30.779
 Greek

00:19:30.779 --> 00:19:31.500
 and they

00:19:31.500 --> 00:19:32.779
 interpret

00:19:32.779 --> 00:19:33.480
 this passage

00:19:33.480 --> 00:19:34.159
 as referring

00:19:34.159 --> 00:19:34.500
 to a

00:19:34.500 --> 00:19:34.720
 woman

00:19:34.720 --> 00:19:35.720
 and calling

00:19:35.720 --> 00:19:36.119
 her

00:19:36.119 --> 00:19:36.799
 an apostle

00:19:36.799 --> 00:19:38.439
 what seems

00:19:38.439 --> 00:19:39.000
 to be going

00:19:39.000 --> 00:19:39.379
 on

00:19:39.379 --> 00:19:40.019
 is that

00:19:40.019 --> 00:19:41.220
 that term

00:19:41.220 --> 00:19:41.859
 apostle

00:19:41.859 --> 00:19:42.720
 is what

00:19:42.720 --> 00:19:44.879
 we would

00:19:44.879 --> 00:19:45.519
 probably call

00:19:45.519 --> 00:19:46.119
 missionary

00:19:46.119 --> 00:19:47.299
 in the

00:19:47.299 --> 00:19:47.839
 New Testament

00:19:47.839 --> 00:19:49.359
 whenever we

00:19:49.359 --> 00:19:50.119
 translate apostle

00:19:50.119 --> 00:19:50.539
 we usually

00:19:50.539 --> 00:19:51.200
 translate it

00:19:51.200 --> 00:19:51.659
 as like a

00:19:51.659 --> 00:19:52.539
 special term

00:19:52.539 --> 00:19:52.859
 for the

00:19:52.859 --> 00:19:53.319
 twelve

00:19:53.319 --> 00:19:54.319
 or maybe

00:19:54.319 --> 00:19:54.879
 Paul the

00:19:54.879 --> 00:19:55.240
 apostle

00:19:55.240 --> 00:19:56.159
 but it's

00:19:56.159 --> 00:19:56.539
 actually

00:19:56.539 --> 00:19:57.920
 used more

00:19:57.920 --> 00:19:58.619
 broadly in

00:19:58.619 --> 00:19:58.839
 the New

00:19:58.839 --> 00:19:59.180
 Testament

00:19:59.180 --> 00:19:59.680
 to refer

00:19:59.680 --> 00:19:59.839
 to

00:19:59.839 --> 00:20:00.319
 missionaries

00:20:00.319 --> 00:20:00.819
 and general

00:20:00.819 --> 00:20:01.200
 missionaries

00:20:01.200 --> 00:20:01.720
 from churches

00:20:01.720 --> 00:20:02.680
 so that's

00:20:02.680 --> 00:20:03.779
 probably what's

00:20:03.779 --> 00:20:04.200
 going on

00:20:04.200 --> 00:20:04.480
 here

00:20:04.480 --> 00:20:05.700
 but again

00:20:05.700 --> 00:20:06.019
 she was

00:20:06.019 --> 00:20:06.599
 very prominent

00:20:06.599 --> 00:20:07.460
 and then

00:20:07.460 --> 00:20:07.759
 there were

00:20:07.759 --> 00:20:08.359
 also several

00:20:08.359 --> 00:20:08.700
 churches

00:20:08.700 --> 00:20:09.319
 that

00:20:09.319 --> 00:20:12.379
 met in

00:20:12.379 --> 00:20:12.899
 the houses

00:20:12.899 --> 00:20:14.359
 of women

00:20:14.359 --> 00:20:15.139
 and we know

00:20:15.139 --> 00:20:15.639
 some of them

00:20:15.639 --> 00:20:16.299
 like Chloe

00:20:16.299 --> 00:20:18.180
 in Corinth

00:20:18.180 --> 00:20:18.619
 Lydia

00:20:18.619 --> 00:20:19.259
 who's mentioned

00:20:19.259 --> 00:20:19.859
 in Acts

00:20:19.859 --> 00:20:20.339
 Nympha

00:20:20.339 --> 00:20:21.119
 who's mentioned

00:20:21.119 --> 00:20:21.519
 into the

00:20:21.519 --> 00:20:22.039
 Colossians

00:20:22.039 --> 00:20:22.740
 and so

00:20:22.740 --> 00:20:22.980
 these are

00:20:22.980 --> 00:20:23.420
 all some

00:20:23.420 --> 00:20:23.839
 of the

00:20:23.839 --> 00:20:24.500
 roles

00:20:24.500 --> 00:20:25.200
 that women

00:20:25.200 --> 00:20:25.639
 played in

00:20:25.639 --> 00:20:25.920
 the early

00:20:25.920 --> 00:20:26.200
 church

00:20:26.200 --> 00:20:26.940
 we don't

00:20:26.940 --> 00:20:27.440
 know nearly

00:20:27.440 --> 00:20:27.920
 as much

00:20:27.920 --> 00:20:28.279
 as we

00:20:28.279 --> 00:20:29.119
 would like

00:20:29.119 --> 00:20:29.619
 to know

00:20:29.619 --> 00:20:30.200
 about them

00:20:30.200 --> 00:20:30.819
 but these

00:20:30.819 --> 00:20:31.180
 are little

00:20:31.180 --> 00:20:31.539
 kind of

00:20:31.539 --> 00:20:31.960
 fragments

00:20:31.960 --> 00:20:32.639
 that remain

00:20:32.639 --> 00:20:33.299
 that we

00:20:33.299 --> 00:20:34.180
 can pick

00:20:34.180 --> 00:20:34.519
 up

00:20:34.519 --> 00:20:36.480
 okay

00:20:36.480 --> 00:20:37.639
 before we

00:20:37.639 --> 00:20:38.259
 I think

00:20:38.259 --> 00:20:39.019
 as a

00:20:39.019 --> 00:20:39.240
 fitting

00:20:39.240 --> 00:20:39.799
 transition

00:20:39.799 --> 00:20:40.220
 from the

00:20:40.220 --> 00:20:40.740
 New Testament

00:20:40.740 --> 00:20:42.159
 to women

00:20:42.159 --> 00:20:42.740
 in the early

00:20:42.740 --> 00:20:43.099
 church

00:20:43.099 --> 00:20:43.539
 I thought

00:20:43.539 --> 00:20:43.799
 that we

00:20:43.799 --> 00:20:44.240
 would talk

00:20:44.240 --> 00:20:44.740
 about

00:20:44.740 --> 00:20:46.519
 Peter's

00:20:46.519 --> 00:20:47.039
 mother-in-law

00:20:47.039 --> 00:20:49.399
 in the

00:20:49.399 --> 00:20:49.960
 Gospels

00:20:49.960 --> 00:20:50.899
 we find

00:20:50.899 --> 00:20:51.460
 that Peter

00:20:51.460 --> 00:20:51.940
 has a

00:20:51.940 --> 00:20:52.420
 mother-in-law

00:20:52.420 --> 00:20:53.160
 because she's

00:20:53.160 --> 00:20:53.460
 sick

00:20:53.460 --> 00:20:54.279
 and Jesus

00:20:54.279 --> 00:20:54.940
 heals her

00:20:54.940 --> 00:20:55.900
 and that also

00:20:55.900 --> 00:20:56.440
 tells us

00:20:56.440 --> 00:20:58.220
 that Peter

00:20:58.220 --> 00:20:59.420
 had a wife

00:20:59.420 --> 00:21:00.660
 because he

00:21:00.660 --> 00:21:01.380
 had a mother-in-law

00:21:01.380 --> 00:21:02.539
 and she's

00:21:02.539 --> 00:21:03.240
 never really

00:21:03.240 --> 00:21:03.640
 mentioned

00:21:03.640 --> 00:21:04.539
 in the Bible

00:21:04.539 --> 00:21:05.380
 but she is

00:21:05.380 --> 00:21:05.980
 mentioned

00:21:05.980 --> 00:21:07.460
 in early

00:21:07.460 --> 00:21:08.420
 Christian sources

00:21:08.420 --> 00:21:09.680
 there's this

00:21:09.680 --> 00:21:10.819
 one little

00:21:10.819 --> 00:21:11.279
 paragraph

00:21:11.279 --> 00:21:12.900
 about her

00:21:12.900 --> 00:21:14.160
 it's from a

00:21:14.160 --> 00:21:14.600
 writer named

00:21:14.600 --> 00:21:15.100
 Clement of

00:21:15.100 --> 00:21:15.620
 Alexandria

00:21:15.620 --> 00:21:16.220
 he's writing

00:21:16.220 --> 00:21:16.559
 around the

00:21:16.559 --> 00:21:17.120
 year 190

00:21:17.119 --> 00:21:18.619
 and he

00:21:18.619 --> 00:21:19.579
 says that

00:21:19.579 --> 00:21:21.339
 all he

00:21:21.339 --> 00:21:22.379
 says is

00:21:22.379 --> 00:21:23.059
 that he

00:21:23.059 --> 00:21:23.679
 has received

00:21:23.679 --> 00:21:24.239
 a tradition

00:21:24.239 --> 00:21:25.359
 that Peter

00:21:25.359 --> 00:21:25.979
 that Peter's

00:21:25.979 --> 00:21:26.739
 wife was

00:21:26.739 --> 00:21:27.839
 executed for

00:21:27.839 --> 00:21:28.339
 her faith

00:21:28.339 --> 00:21:28.759
 that she

00:21:28.759 --> 00:21:29.359
 was martyred

00:21:29.359 --> 00:21:30.579
 and he

00:21:30.579 --> 00:21:31.299
 says that

00:21:31.299 --> 00:21:32.779
 Peter saw

00:21:32.779 --> 00:21:33.599
 his wife

00:21:33.599 --> 00:21:34.879
 being led

00:21:34.879 --> 00:21:35.339
 away

00:21:35.339 --> 00:21:37.279
 for martyrdom

00:21:37.279 --> 00:21:38.639
 and that he

00:21:38.639 --> 00:21:39.879
 called out to

00:21:39.879 --> 00:21:40.239
 her and

00:21:40.239 --> 00:21:41.079
 encouraged her

00:21:41.079 --> 00:21:41.839
 and comforted

00:21:41.839 --> 00:21:42.459
 her and

00:21:42.459 --> 00:21:42.979
 addressed her

00:21:42.979 --> 00:21:43.500
 by name

00:21:43.500 --> 00:21:44.039
 saying

00:21:44.039 --> 00:21:44.660
 remember

00:21:44.660 --> 00:21:45.400
 the Lord

00:21:45.400 --> 00:21:47.500
 and Clement

00:21:47.500 --> 00:21:48.019
 says such

00:21:48.019 --> 00:21:48.380
 was the

00:21:48.380 --> 00:21:48.819
 marriage

00:21:48.819 --> 00:21:50.380
 of Peter

00:21:50.380 --> 00:21:50.980
 and his

00:21:50.980 --> 00:21:51.359
 wife

00:21:51.359 --> 00:21:52.400
 that they

00:21:52.400 --> 00:21:52.940
 would encourage

00:21:52.940 --> 00:21:53.420
 each other

00:21:53.420 --> 00:21:53.960
 like that

00:21:53.960 --> 00:21:54.339
 in their

00:21:54.339 --> 00:21:54.900
 moment of

00:21:54.900 --> 00:21:55.359
 most dire

00:21:55.359 --> 00:21:55.839
 need

00:21:55.839 --> 00:21:56.759
 Peter of

00:21:56.759 --> 00:21:57.319
 course after

00:21:57.319 --> 00:21:57.900
 this also

00:21:57.900 --> 00:21:58.359
 went on

00:21:58.359 --> 00:21:58.720
 to be

00:21:58.720 --> 00:21:59.259
 executed

00:21:59.259 --> 00:22:00.400
 we don't

00:22:00.400 --> 00:22:00.700
 know how

00:22:00.700 --> 00:22:01.099
 many years

00:22:01.099 --> 00:22:01.519
 afterwards

00:22:01.519 --> 00:22:01.960
 or how

00:22:01.960 --> 00:22:02.180
 soon

00:22:02.180 --> 00:22:02.599
 afterwards

00:22:02.599 --> 00:22:03.059
 but we

00:22:03.059 --> 00:22:03.400
 know that

00:22:03.400 --> 00:22:03.859
 he did

00:22:03.859 --> 00:22:07.720
 now what

00:22:07.720 --> 00:22:08.019
 I want to

00:22:08.019 --> 00:22:08.779
 do is

00:22:08.779 --> 00:22:09.619
 move ahead

00:22:09.619 --> 00:22:10.420
 about a

00:22:10.420 --> 00:22:11.079
 hundred years

00:22:11.079 --> 00:22:12.299
 from Peter's

00:22:12.299 --> 00:22:13.039
 own execution

00:22:13.039 --> 00:22:13.399
 and his

00:22:13.399 --> 00:22:13.740
 wife

00:22:13.740 --> 00:22:14.500
 to

00:22:14.500 --> 00:22:15.460
 France

00:22:15.460 --> 00:22:16.579
 to Lyon's

00:22:16.579 --> 00:22:16.980
 France

00:22:16.980 --> 00:22:17.859
 to a

00:22:17.859 --> 00:22:18.139
 woman

00:22:18.139 --> 00:22:19.180
 called

00:22:19.180 --> 00:22:19.899
 Blandina

00:22:19.899 --> 00:22:22.519
 and I

00:22:22.519 --> 00:22:23.039
 should probably

00:22:23.039 --> 00:22:23.680
 warn you

00:22:23.680 --> 00:22:24.460
 guys that

00:22:24.460 --> 00:22:25.960
 this account

00:22:25.960 --> 00:22:26.579
 of Blandina

00:22:26.579 --> 00:22:26.940
 and then the

00:22:26.940 --> 00:22:27.579
 next account

00:22:27.579 --> 00:22:28.399
 that I'll be

00:22:28.399 --> 00:22:28.960
 talking about

00:22:28.960 --> 00:22:29.359
 is a bit

00:22:29.359 --> 00:22:29.899
 gruesome

00:22:29.899 --> 00:22:30.879
 and terrible

00:22:30.879 --> 00:22:31.819
 I also want

00:22:31.819 --> 00:22:32.299
 to encourage

00:22:32.299 --> 00:22:32.680
 you though

00:22:32.680 --> 00:22:33.440
 that the

00:22:33.440 --> 00:22:34.200
 early church

00:22:34.200 --> 00:22:35.579
 considered

00:22:35.579 --> 00:22:36.299
 these accounts

00:22:36.299 --> 00:22:36.779
 to be

00:22:36.779 --> 00:22:37.220
 immensely

00:22:37.220 --> 00:22:37.899
 encouraging

00:22:37.899 --> 00:22:38.940
 for their

00:22:38.940 --> 00:22:39.339
 faith

00:22:39.339 --> 00:22:39.960
 they did

00:22:39.960 --> 00:22:40.819
 not write

00:22:40.819 --> 00:22:41.420
 these things

00:22:41.420 --> 00:22:41.940
 just to be

00:22:41.940 --> 00:22:42.319
 gory

00:22:42.319 --> 00:22:43.079
 or to

00:22:43.079 --> 00:22:43.379
 shock

00:22:43.379 --> 00:22:43.759
 people

00:22:43.759 --> 00:22:44.179
 but to

00:22:44.179 --> 00:22:44.519
 encourage

00:22:44.519 --> 00:22:44.859
 people

00:22:44.859 --> 00:22:45.299
 in following

00:22:45.299 --> 00:22:45.720
 Jesus

00:22:45.720 --> 00:22:47.679
 and it

00:22:47.679 --> 00:22:48.019
 seems

00:22:48.019 --> 00:22:49.399
 what happened

00:22:49.399 --> 00:22:50.139
 in Lyon's

00:22:50.139 --> 00:22:50.539
 France

00:22:50.539 --> 00:22:53.059
 around 170

00:22:53.059 --> 00:22:53.960
 was that

00:22:53.960 --> 00:22:55.000
 some rumors

00:22:55.000 --> 00:22:56.039
 started going

00:22:56.039 --> 00:22:56.799
 around about

00:22:56.799 --> 00:22:57.539
 horrible horrible

00:22:57.539 --> 00:22:58.159
 things that

00:22:58.159 --> 00:22:58.740
 Christians were

00:22:58.740 --> 00:22:59.079
 doing

00:22:59.079 --> 00:22:59.839
 and these

00:22:59.839 --> 00:23:00.500
 were slanders

00:23:00.500 --> 00:23:00.980
 they were

00:23:00.980 --> 00:23:01.500
 false

00:23:01.500 --> 00:23:02.379
 but it

00:23:02.379 --> 00:23:03.379
 stirred up

00:23:03.379 --> 00:23:04.259
 the populace

00:23:04.259 --> 00:23:05.359
 the pagans

00:23:05.359 --> 00:23:06.299
 were eager

00:23:06.299 --> 00:23:07.480
 to accuse

00:23:07.480 --> 00:23:07.980
 the Christians

00:23:07.980 --> 00:23:08.480
 of doing

00:23:08.480 --> 00:23:08.919
 wrong

00:23:08.920 --> 00:23:09.620
 and we

00:23:09.620 --> 00:23:09.960
 have a

00:23:09.960 --> 00:23:10.360
 lengthy

00:23:10.360 --> 00:23:10.800
 letter

00:23:10.800 --> 00:23:11.200
 we have

00:23:11.200 --> 00:23:11.660
 excerpts

00:23:11.660 --> 00:23:12.080
 from what

00:23:12.080 --> 00:23:12.420
 was a

00:23:12.420 --> 00:23:12.640
 lengthy

00:23:12.640 --> 00:23:12.960
 letter

00:23:12.960 --> 00:23:13.960
 describing

00:23:13.960 --> 00:23:14.460
 what

00:23:14.460 --> 00:23:14.900
 happened

00:23:14.900 --> 00:23:15.759
 and the

00:23:15.759 --> 00:23:16.000
 letter

00:23:16.000 --> 00:23:16.620
 begins

00:23:16.620 --> 00:23:17.140
 like this

00:23:17.140 --> 00:23:17.800
 it says

00:23:17.800 --> 00:23:18.160
 when these

00:23:18.160 --> 00:23:18.740
 accusations

00:23:18.740 --> 00:23:19.640
 were reported

00:23:19.640 --> 00:23:21.200
 all the

00:23:21.200 --> 00:23:21.580
 people

00:23:21.580 --> 00:23:22.740
 raged like

00:23:22.740 --> 00:23:23.420
 wild beasts

00:23:23.420 --> 00:23:24.180
 against us

00:23:24.180 --> 00:23:24.860
 so that

00:23:24.860 --> 00:23:25.500
 even if

00:23:25.500 --> 00:23:25.940
 some of

00:23:25.940 --> 00:23:26.180
 them

00:23:26.180 --> 00:23:27.039
 had been

00:23:27.039 --> 00:23:27.440
 moderate

00:23:27.440 --> 00:23:28.180
 towards us

00:23:28.180 --> 00:23:28.700
 because of

00:23:28.700 --> 00:23:29.039
 friendship

00:23:29.039 --> 00:23:29.759
 they were

00:23:29.759 --> 00:23:30.759
 now exceedingly

00:23:30.759 --> 00:23:31.320
 furious

00:23:31.320 --> 00:23:31.940
 and they

00:23:31.940 --> 00:23:32.420
 gnashed

00:23:32.420 --> 00:23:32.940
 their teeth

00:23:32.940 --> 00:23:33.660
 against us

00:23:33.660 --> 00:23:34.580
 and that

00:23:34.580 --> 00:23:34.960
 which was

00:23:34.960 --> 00:23:35.580
 spoken by

00:23:35.580 --> 00:23:36.100
 our Lord

00:23:36.100 --> 00:23:36.860
 was fulfilled

00:23:36.860 --> 00:23:37.840
 the time

00:23:37.840 --> 00:23:38.400
 will come

00:23:38.400 --> 00:23:40.160
 when whoever

00:23:40.160 --> 00:23:40.820
 kills you

00:23:40.820 --> 00:23:41.400
 will think

00:23:41.400 --> 00:23:41.759
 that they

00:23:41.759 --> 00:23:42.500
 do a

00:23:42.500 --> 00:23:42.800
 service

00:23:42.800 --> 00:23:43.400
 to God

00:23:43.400 --> 00:23:46.880
 and what

00:23:46.880 --> 00:23:47.240
 ended up

00:23:47.240 --> 00:23:47.620
 happening

00:23:47.620 --> 00:23:48.680
 the letter

00:23:48.680 --> 00:23:49.580
 is an

00:23:49.580 --> 00:23:50.040
 eyewitness

00:23:50.040 --> 00:23:50.800
 account of

00:23:50.800 --> 00:23:51.779
 what occurred

00:23:51.779 --> 00:23:53.000
 is that

00:23:53.000 --> 00:23:54.019
 they selected

00:23:54.019 --> 00:23:54.640
 some Christians

00:23:54.640 --> 00:23:55.180
 they tracked

00:23:55.180 --> 00:23:55.720
 some Christians

00:23:55.720 --> 00:23:56.140
 down

00:23:56.140 --> 00:23:56.900
 and this

00:23:56.900 --> 00:23:57.540
 happens again

00:23:57.540 --> 00:23:57.900
 and again

00:23:57.900 --> 00:23:58.279
 in early

00:23:58.279 --> 00:23:58.840
 church history

00:23:58.840 --> 00:23:59.300
 there's these

00:23:59.300 --> 00:23:59.779
 slanders

00:23:59.779 --> 00:24:00.200
 that come

00:24:00.200 --> 00:24:00.560
 against the

00:24:00.560 --> 00:24:00.900
 Christians

00:24:00.900 --> 00:24:01.720
 they tracked

00:24:01.720 --> 00:24:02.120
 down some

00:24:02.120 --> 00:24:02.500
 Christians

00:24:02.500 --> 00:24:03.040
 and then the

00:24:03.040 --> 00:24:03.360
 Romans

00:24:03.359 --> 00:24:04.500
 will try

00:24:04.500 --> 00:24:04.919
 their very

00:24:04.919 --> 00:24:05.419
 best to

00:24:05.419 --> 00:24:06.119
 make those

00:24:06.119 --> 00:24:06.599
 Christians

00:24:06.599 --> 00:24:07.159
 admit

00:24:07.159 --> 00:24:08.259
 that those

00:24:08.259 --> 00:24:08.779
 slanders

00:24:08.779 --> 00:24:09.539
 are true

00:24:09.539 --> 00:24:10.279
 and these

00:24:10.279 --> 00:24:10.799
 were things

00:24:10.799 --> 00:24:11.740
 like Christians

00:24:11.740 --> 00:24:12.359
 practiced

00:24:12.359 --> 00:24:13.139
 incest

00:24:13.139 --> 00:24:14.000
 that they

00:24:14.000 --> 00:24:14.959
 practiced

00:24:14.959 --> 00:24:15.859
 cannibalism

00:24:15.859 --> 00:24:16.219
 they did

00:24:16.219 --> 00:24:16.579
 all these

00:24:16.579 --> 00:24:17.039
 horrible

00:24:17.039 --> 00:24:17.379
 horrible

00:24:17.379 --> 00:24:17.799
 things

00:24:17.799 --> 00:24:18.740
 that they

00:24:18.740 --> 00:24:19.219
 would kill

00:24:19.219 --> 00:24:19.939
 little children

00:24:19.939 --> 00:24:20.399
 and things

00:24:20.399 --> 00:24:20.839
 like that

00:24:20.839 --> 00:24:21.879
 and so

00:24:21.879 --> 00:24:22.219
 these were

00:24:22.219 --> 00:24:23.219
 really awful

00:24:23.219 --> 00:24:24.279
 awful slanders

00:24:24.279 --> 00:24:25.099
 against Christians

00:24:25.099 --> 00:24:27.159
 and being

00:24:27.159 --> 00:24:27.799
 in Rome

00:24:27.799 --> 00:24:28.399
 which was a

00:24:28.399 --> 00:24:29.359
 very brutal

00:24:29.359 --> 00:24:30.059
 state where

00:24:30.059 --> 00:24:30.759
 torture was

00:24:30.759 --> 00:24:32.019
 legal and

00:24:32.019 --> 00:24:33.119
 even necessary

00:24:33.119 --> 00:24:34.379
 that they

00:24:34.379 --> 00:24:34.899
 would torture

00:24:34.899 --> 00:24:35.259
 them

00:24:35.259 --> 00:24:36.359
 and what

00:24:36.359 --> 00:24:36.699
 they did

00:24:36.699 --> 00:24:37.000
 is they

00:24:37.000 --> 00:24:37.739
 grabbed some

00:24:37.739 --> 00:24:38.099
 people

00:24:38.099 --> 00:24:39.099
 they have

00:24:39.099 --> 00:24:40.119
 some names

00:24:40.119 --> 00:24:40.539
 recorded

00:24:40.539 --> 00:24:41.059
 people like

00:24:41.059 --> 00:24:41.539
 Sanctus

00:24:41.539 --> 00:24:42.539
 who is a

00:24:42.539 --> 00:24:42.939
 deacon

00:24:42.939 --> 00:24:43.879
 from a

00:24:43.879 --> 00:24:44.579
 nearby city

00:24:44.579 --> 00:24:45.379
 and some

00:24:45.379 --> 00:24:45.739
 others

00:24:45.739 --> 00:24:46.679
 but the

00:24:46.679 --> 00:24:47.059
 letter goes

00:24:47.059 --> 00:24:47.659
 on to say

00:24:47.660 --> 00:24:50.440
 and Blandina

00:24:50.440 --> 00:24:51.759
 through whom

00:24:51.759 --> 00:24:52.680
 Christ showed

00:24:52.680 --> 00:24:53.800
 that things

00:24:53.800 --> 00:24:54.440
 which appear

00:24:54.440 --> 00:24:55.400
 mean and

00:24:55.400 --> 00:24:56.480
 obscure and

00:24:56.480 --> 00:24:57.380
 despicable to

00:24:57.380 --> 00:24:58.500
 men are

00:24:58.500 --> 00:24:59.340
 with God

00:24:59.340 --> 00:25:00.920
 of great

00:25:00.920 --> 00:25:01.440
 glory

00:25:01.440 --> 00:25:02.960
 and the

00:25:02.960 --> 00:25:03.340
 letter goes

00:25:03.340 --> 00:25:03.860
 on to say

00:25:03.860 --> 00:25:04.540
 that we

00:25:04.540 --> 00:25:06.759
 all trembled

00:25:06.759 --> 00:25:07.759
 in fear of

00:25:07.759 --> 00:25:08.420
 the sufferings

00:25:08.420 --> 00:25:08.900
 that their

00:25:08.900 --> 00:25:09.700
 companions were

00:25:09.700 --> 00:25:09.940
 going to

00:25:09.940 --> 00:25:10.380
 undergo

00:25:10.380 --> 00:25:11.840
 but Blandina

00:25:11.840 --> 00:25:13.040
 was afraid

00:25:13.040 --> 00:25:13.560
 for another

00:25:13.560 --> 00:25:13.960
 reason

00:25:13.960 --> 00:25:15.980
 she feared

00:25:15.980 --> 00:25:16.680
 that on

00:25:16.680 --> 00:25:17.360
 account of

00:25:17.360 --> 00:25:17.920
 the weakness

00:25:17.920 --> 00:25:18.620
 of her

00:25:18.620 --> 00:25:19.000
 body

00:25:19.000 --> 00:25:19.980
 she would

00:25:19.980 --> 00:25:20.960
 be unable

00:25:20.960 --> 00:25:22.259
 to make

00:25:22.259 --> 00:25:23.079
 a bold

00:25:23.079 --> 00:25:23.740
 confession

00:25:23.740 --> 00:25:25.500
 you start

00:25:25.500 --> 00:25:26.059
 piecing things

00:25:26.059 --> 00:25:26.420
 together

00:25:26.420 --> 00:25:27.440
 and what you

00:25:27.440 --> 00:25:28.640
 start realizing

00:25:28.640 --> 00:25:29.039
 is that

00:25:29.039 --> 00:25:29.700
 Blandina was

00:25:29.700 --> 00:25:30.500
 probably a

00:25:30.500 --> 00:25:31.420
 small frail

00:25:31.420 --> 00:25:32.340
 woman who

00:25:32.340 --> 00:25:32.980
 was probably

00:25:32.980 --> 00:25:33.600
 poor and

00:25:33.600 --> 00:25:34.120
 insignificant

00:25:34.120 --> 00:25:35.259
 and she

00:25:35.259 --> 00:25:35.799
 was caught

00:25:35.799 --> 00:25:36.640
 up in this

00:25:36.640 --> 00:25:36.940
 and was

00:25:36.940 --> 00:25:37.340
 arrested

00:25:37.340 --> 00:25:38.259
 and was set

00:25:38.259 --> 00:25:38.539
 to be

00:25:38.539 --> 00:25:38.880
 tortured

00:25:38.880 --> 00:25:39.779
 and her

00:25:39.779 --> 00:25:40.559
 one fear

00:25:40.559 --> 00:25:41.420
 was that

00:25:41.420 --> 00:25:42.160
 she would

00:25:42.160 --> 00:25:42.640
 not have the

00:25:42.640 --> 00:25:43.720
 strength to

00:25:43.720 --> 00:25:45.120
 loudly refute

00:25:45.120 --> 00:25:45.880
 these slanders

00:25:45.880 --> 00:25:46.640
 that were

00:25:46.640 --> 00:25:47.960
 being lodged

00:25:47.960 --> 00:25:48.780
 against them

00:25:48.780 --> 00:25:51.460
 the letter

00:25:51.460 --> 00:25:52.259
 writers say

00:25:52.259 --> 00:25:53.480
 that Blandina

00:25:53.480 --> 00:25:54.140
 was filled

00:25:54.140 --> 00:25:54.860
 with such

00:25:54.860 --> 00:25:55.540
 power

00:25:55.540 --> 00:25:56.440
 as to be

00:25:56.440 --> 00:25:57.220
 raised above

00:25:57.220 --> 00:25:57.720
 those who

00:25:57.720 --> 00:25:58.380
 were torturing

00:25:58.380 --> 00:25:59.360
 her by turns

00:25:59.360 --> 00:26:00.120
 morning till

00:26:00.120 --> 00:26:00.520
 evening

00:26:00.520 --> 00:26:01.500
 so that they

00:26:01.500 --> 00:26:02.020
 acknowledged

00:26:02.020 --> 00:26:02.460
 that they

00:26:02.460 --> 00:26:04.040
 were conquered

00:26:04.040 --> 00:26:05.200
 and could do

00:26:05.200 --> 00:26:05.880
 nothing more

00:26:05.880 --> 00:26:06.340
 to her

00:26:06.340 --> 00:26:07.160
 and they

00:26:07.160 --> 00:26:08.140
 were astonished

00:26:08.140 --> 00:26:09.280
 at her

00:26:09.280 --> 00:26:10.259
 endurance

00:26:10.259 --> 00:26:12.120
 the blessed

00:26:12.120 --> 00:26:12.520
 woman

00:26:12.519 --> 00:26:13.319
 like a

00:26:13.319 --> 00:26:13.559
 noble

00:26:13.559 --> 00:26:14.079
 athlete

00:26:14.079 --> 00:26:14.779
 renewed

00:26:14.779 --> 00:26:15.059
 her

00:26:15.059 --> 00:26:15.599
 strength

00:26:15.599 --> 00:26:15.980
 in her

00:26:15.980 --> 00:26:16.500
 confession

00:26:16.500 --> 00:26:18.279
 and she

00:26:18.279 --> 00:26:18.579
 kept

00:26:18.579 --> 00:26:19.259
 exclaiming

00:26:19.259 --> 00:26:20.079
 I am

00:26:20.079 --> 00:26:20.579
 a Christian

00:26:20.579 --> 00:26:22.119
 and there

00:26:22.119 --> 00:26:22.859
 is nothing

00:26:22.859 --> 00:26:23.619
 vile

00:26:23.619 --> 00:26:24.519
 done by

00:26:24.519 --> 00:26:24.980
 us

00:26:24.980 --> 00:26:27.160
 remember

00:26:27.160 --> 00:26:27.720
 that all

00:26:27.720 --> 00:26:28.059
 she had

00:26:28.059 --> 00:26:28.619
 to do

00:26:28.619 --> 00:26:29.299
 was deny

00:26:29.299 --> 00:26:29.859
 Christ

00:26:29.859 --> 00:26:31.759
 or admit

00:26:31.759 --> 00:26:32.779
 to these

00:26:32.779 --> 00:26:33.180
 slanders

00:26:33.180 --> 00:26:34.000
 to be released

00:26:34.000 --> 00:26:34.660
 from these

00:26:34.660 --> 00:26:35.220
 sufferings

00:26:35.220 --> 00:26:36.359
 and she

00:26:36.359 --> 00:26:36.859
 refused

00:26:36.859 --> 00:26:37.180
 to

00:26:37.180 --> 00:26:39.099
 so

00:26:39.099 --> 00:26:40.599
 after

00:26:40.599 --> 00:26:41.339
 her

00:26:41.339 --> 00:26:41.679
 entire

00:26:41.679 --> 00:26:42.139
 body

00:26:42.139 --> 00:26:43.139
 was mangled

00:26:43.139 --> 00:26:43.799
 from torture

00:26:43.799 --> 00:26:44.459
 they

00:26:44.459 --> 00:26:45.099
 stopped

00:26:45.099 --> 00:26:45.480
 for a

00:26:45.480 --> 00:26:45.899
 time

00:26:45.899 --> 00:26:46.319
 and

00:26:46.319 --> 00:26:47.419
 this is

00:26:47.419 --> 00:26:47.899
 very typical

00:26:47.899 --> 00:26:48.299
 in early

00:26:48.299 --> 00:26:48.799
 Christianity

00:26:48.799 --> 00:26:50.219
 that the

00:26:50.219 --> 00:26:50.819
 Romans would

00:26:50.819 --> 00:26:51.740
 then try

00:26:51.740 --> 00:26:52.779
 to make a

00:26:52.779 --> 00:26:53.139
 spectacle

00:26:53.139 --> 00:26:53.500
 out of

00:26:53.500 --> 00:26:53.819
 everything

00:26:53.819 --> 00:26:54.199
 so they

00:26:54.199 --> 00:26:54.579
 would set

00:26:54.579 --> 00:26:54.879
 up a

00:26:54.879 --> 00:26:55.219
 day

00:26:55.219 --> 00:26:55.639
 like a

00:26:55.639 --> 00:26:55.899
 big

00:26:55.899 --> 00:26:57.099
 it's very

00:26:57.099 --> 00:26:57.579
 perverse

00:26:57.579 --> 00:26:57.899
 but a

00:26:57.899 --> 00:26:58.059
 big

00:26:58.059 --> 00:26:58.740
 celebratory

00:26:58.740 --> 00:26:59.000
 day

00:26:59.000 --> 00:26:59.179
 where

00:26:59.179 --> 00:26:59.500
 everybody

00:26:59.500 --> 00:26:59.959
 would come

00:26:59.959 --> 00:27:00.259
 to the

00:27:00.259 --> 00:27:00.519
 local

00:27:00.519 --> 00:27:00.980
 stadium

00:27:00.980 --> 00:27:01.719
 and they

00:27:01.719 --> 00:27:02.219
 bring out

00:27:02.219 --> 00:27:02.459
 these

00:27:02.459 --> 00:27:02.879
 folks

00:27:02.879 --> 00:27:03.740
 and set

00:27:03.740 --> 00:27:03.859
 them

00:27:03.859 --> 00:27:04.059
 through

00:27:04.059 --> 00:27:04.480
 tortures

00:27:04.480 --> 00:27:04.839
 one more

00:27:04.839 --> 00:27:05.099
 time

00:27:05.099 --> 00:27:05.319
 before

00:27:05.319 --> 00:27:05.799
 executing

00:27:05.799 --> 00:27:06.039
 them

00:27:06.039 --> 00:27:06.720
 hoping

00:27:06.720 --> 00:27:07.079
 that

00:27:07.079 --> 00:27:07.279
 they

00:27:07.279 --> 00:27:07.559
 would

00:27:07.559 --> 00:27:08.159
 recant

00:27:08.159 --> 00:27:08.379
 their

00:27:08.379 --> 00:27:08.779
 faith

00:27:08.779 --> 00:27:09.720
 and

00:27:09.720 --> 00:27:10.339
 so

00:27:10.339 --> 00:27:10.659
 the

00:27:10.659 --> 00:27:11.019
 day

00:27:11.019 --> 00:27:11.279
 was

00:27:11.279 --> 00:27:11.700
 set

00:27:11.700 --> 00:27:12.759
 and

00:27:12.759 --> 00:27:12.919
 it

00:27:12.919 --> 00:27:13.139
 says

00:27:13.139 --> 00:27:13.399
 that

00:27:13.399 --> 00:27:13.919
 Blandina

00:27:13.919 --> 00:27:14.359
 was

00:27:14.359 --> 00:27:15.220
 suspended

00:27:15.220 --> 00:27:15.859
 on a

00:27:15.859 --> 00:27:16.299
 stake

00:27:16.299 --> 00:27:16.720
 and

00:27:16.720 --> 00:27:17.240
 exposed

00:27:17.240 --> 00:27:18.180
 to be

00:27:18.180 --> 00:27:18.659
 devoured

00:27:18.659 --> 00:27:19.539
 by wild

00:27:19.539 --> 00:27:19.899
 beasts

00:27:19.899 --> 00:27:20.200
 that they

00:27:20.200 --> 00:27:20.440
 were going

00:27:20.440 --> 00:27:20.700
 to let

00:27:20.700 --> 00:27:20.919
 in

00:27:20.919 --> 00:27:21.779
 and

00:27:21.779 --> 00:27:23.240
 the

00:27:23.240 --> 00:27:23.399
 letter

00:27:23.399 --> 00:27:23.680
 says

00:27:23.680 --> 00:27:23.940
 this

00:27:23.940 --> 00:27:24.379
 because

00:27:24.379 --> 00:27:25.180
 she

00:27:25.180 --> 00:27:25.759
 appeared

00:27:25.759 --> 00:27:26.399
 to be

00:27:26.399 --> 00:27:26.879
 hanging

00:27:26.879 --> 00:27:27.899
 on a

00:27:27.899 --> 00:27:28.399
 cross

00:27:28.399 --> 00:27:29.220
 and

00:27:29.220 --> 00:27:29.539
 because

00:27:29.539 --> 00:27:30.059
 of her

00:27:30.059 --> 00:27:30.379
 earnest

00:27:30.379 --> 00:27:31.039
 prayers

00:27:31.039 --> 00:27:31.799
 she

00:27:31.799 --> 00:27:32.480
 inspired

00:27:32.480 --> 00:27:32.940
 her

00:27:32.940 --> 00:27:33.299
 fellow

00:27:33.299 --> 00:27:33.819
 martyrs

00:27:33.819 --> 00:27:33.960
 with

00:27:33.960 --> 00:27:34.259
 great

00:27:34.259 --> 00:27:34.720
 zeal

00:27:34.720 --> 00:27:35.720
 for

00:27:35.720 --> 00:27:35.880
 they

00:27:35.880 --> 00:27:36.259
 looked

00:27:36.259 --> 00:27:36.519
 on

00:27:36.519 --> 00:27:36.920
 her

00:27:36.920 --> 00:27:37.480
 in

00:27:37.480 --> 00:27:37.640
 her

00:27:37.640 --> 00:27:38.360
 conflict

00:27:38.360 --> 00:27:39.120
 and

00:27:39.120 --> 00:27:39.279
 they

00:27:39.279 --> 00:27:39.740
 beheld

00:27:39.740 --> 00:27:39.960
 with

00:27:39.960 --> 00:27:40.140
 their

00:27:40.140 --> 00:27:40.460
 outward

00:27:40.460 --> 00:27:40.880
 eyes

00:27:40.880 --> 00:27:41.019
 in

00:27:41.019 --> 00:27:41.160
 the

00:27:41.160 --> 00:27:41.380
 form

00:27:41.380 --> 00:27:41.539
 of

00:27:41.539 --> 00:27:41.680
 their

00:27:41.680 --> 00:27:42.120
 sister

00:27:42.120 --> 00:27:42.740
 the

00:27:42.740 --> 00:27:43.019
 one

00:27:43.019 --> 00:27:43.240
 who

00:27:43.240 --> 00:27:43.460
 was

00:27:43.460 --> 00:27:44.039
 crucified

00:27:44.039 --> 00:27:45.240
 for

00:27:45.240 --> 00:27:45.600
 them

00:27:45.600 --> 00:27:47.079
 that

00:27:47.079 --> 00:27:48.960
 she

00:27:48.960 --> 00:27:49.200
 might

00:27:49.200 --> 00:27:49.720
 persuade

00:27:49.720 --> 00:27:50.059
 those

00:27:50.059 --> 00:27:50.220
 who

00:27:50.220 --> 00:27:50.500
 believe

00:27:50.500 --> 00:27:50.680
 in

00:27:50.680 --> 00:27:50.920
 him

00:27:50.920 --> 00:27:51.120
 that

00:27:51.120 --> 00:27:51.420
 everyone

00:27:51.420 --> 00:27:51.700
 who

00:27:51.700 --> 00:27:52.079
 suffers

00:27:52.079 --> 00:27:52.279
 for

00:27:52.279 --> 00:27:52.420
 the

00:27:52.420 --> 00:27:52.680
 glory

00:27:52.680 --> 00:27:52.839
 of

00:27:52.839 --> 00:27:53.220
 Christ

00:27:53.220 --> 00:27:54.360
 always

00:27:54.360 --> 00:27:54.759
 has

00:27:54.759 --> 00:27:55.220
 fellowship

00:27:55.220 --> 00:27:56.120
 with

00:27:56.120 --> 00:27:56.299
 the

00:27:56.299 --> 00:27:56.519
 living

00:27:56.519 --> 00:27:57.039
 God

00:27:57.039 --> 00:27:59.279
 they

00:27:59.279 --> 00:27:59.559
 go on

00:27:59.559 --> 00:27:59.920
 to say

00:27:59.920 --> 00:28:00.160
 that

00:28:00.160 --> 00:28:00.700
 Blandina

00:28:00.700 --> 00:28:00.980
 though

00:28:00.980 --> 00:28:01.539
 small

00:28:01.539 --> 00:28:02.240
 and weak

00:28:02.240 --> 00:28:03.220
 and despised

00:28:03.220 --> 00:28:03.460
 yet

00:28:04.720 --> 00:28:05.880
 the mighty

00:28:05.880 --> 00:28:06.660
 and conquering

00:28:06.660 --> 00:28:07.200
 athlete

00:28:07.200 --> 00:28:09.000
 she arose

00:28:09.000 --> 00:28:09.740
 with zeal

00:28:09.740 --> 00:28:10.860
 and overcame

00:28:10.860 --> 00:28:11.559
 the adversary

00:28:11.559 --> 00:28:12.460
 many times

00:28:12.460 --> 00:28:14.360
 and as a

00:28:14.360 --> 00:28:15.019
 noble mother

00:28:15.019 --> 00:28:15.799
 she encouraged

00:28:15.799 --> 00:28:16.400
 her children

00:28:16.400 --> 00:28:17.500
 and sent them

00:28:17.500 --> 00:28:18.059
 before her

00:28:18.059 --> 00:28:18.600
 victorious

00:28:18.600 --> 00:28:19.339
 to the king

00:28:19.339 --> 00:28:21.480
 and then

00:28:21.480 --> 00:28:22.460
 she was

00:28:22.460 --> 00:28:23.140
 executed

00:28:23.140 --> 00:28:23.940
 after that

00:28:23.940 --> 00:28:24.519
 and the letter

00:28:24.519 --> 00:28:25.420
 ends by saying

00:28:25.420 --> 00:28:26.039
 that the

00:28:26.039 --> 00:28:26.640
 heathen

00:28:26.640 --> 00:28:27.259
 the pagans

00:28:27.259 --> 00:28:27.579
 quote

00:28:27.579 --> 00:28:28.460
 confessed

00:28:28.460 --> 00:28:29.000
 that never

00:28:29.000 --> 00:28:29.819
 among them

00:28:29.819 --> 00:28:30.799
 had a woman

00:28:30.799 --> 00:28:31.279
 endured

00:28:31.279 --> 00:28:32.079
 so many

00:28:32.079 --> 00:28:33.160
 and such

00:28:33.160 --> 00:28:33.559
 terrible

00:28:33.559 --> 00:28:34.180
 tortures

00:28:34.180 --> 00:28:36.080
 Blandina

00:28:36.080 --> 00:28:36.560
 is

00:28:36.560 --> 00:28:37.360
 remarkable

00:28:37.360 --> 00:28:38.660
 for many

00:28:38.660 --> 00:28:39.200
 reasons

00:28:39.200 --> 00:28:40.039
 but

00:28:40.039 --> 00:28:40.620
 the one

00:28:40.620 --> 00:28:40.880
 I want

00:28:40.880 --> 00:28:41.320
 to highlight

00:28:41.320 --> 00:28:42.240
 when I

00:28:42.240 --> 00:28:42.680
 conclude

00:28:42.680 --> 00:28:43.180
 this

00:28:43.180 --> 00:28:44.320
 session

00:28:44.320 --> 00:28:44.799
 with her

00:28:44.799 --> 00:28:45.259
 is

00:28:45.259 --> 00:28:46.080
 that

00:28:46.080 --> 00:28:47.080
 this

00:28:47.080 --> 00:28:47.660
 happened

00:28:47.660 --> 00:28:48.500
 in France

00:28:48.500 --> 00:28:49.140
 and that

00:28:49.140 --> 00:28:50.420
 what her

00:28:50.420 --> 00:28:51.299
 actions did

00:28:51.299 --> 00:28:51.759
 planted

00:28:51.759 --> 00:28:52.620
 the seeds

00:28:52.620 --> 00:28:53.200
 of the gospel

00:28:53.200 --> 00:28:53.779
 in France

00:28:53.779 --> 00:28:54.060
 which

00:28:54.060 --> 00:28:54.980
 is still

00:28:54.980 --> 00:28:55.519
 a Christian

00:28:55.519 --> 00:28:55.900
 country

00:28:55.900 --> 00:28:56.400
 to this

00:28:56.400 --> 00:28:56.660
 day

00:28:56.660 --> 00:28:57.259
 with Christian

00:28:57.259 --> 00:28:57.640
 believers

00:28:57.640 --> 00:28:58.039
 there

00:28:58.039 --> 00:28:59.240
 but this

00:28:59.240 --> 00:28:59.620
 happened

00:28:59.620 --> 00:29:00.400
 with much

00:29:00.400 --> 00:29:00.920
 suffering

00:29:00.920 --> 00:29:01.900
 that she

00:29:01.900 --> 00:29:03.519
 bore joyfully

00:29:03.519 --> 00:29:05.759
 we have

00:29:05.759 --> 00:29:06.180
 one more

00:29:06.180 --> 00:29:06.940
 similar story

00:29:06.940 --> 00:29:07.440
 before we

00:29:07.440 --> 00:29:08.380
 go on

00:29:08.380 --> 00:29:09.120
 to less

00:29:09.120 --> 00:29:09.460
 weightier

00:29:09.460 --> 00:29:09.860
 topics

00:29:09.860 --> 00:29:10.620
 this one

00:29:10.620 --> 00:29:11.279
 is of

00:29:11.279 --> 00:29:11.860
 Perpetua

00:29:11.860 --> 00:29:12.580
 and Felicity

00:29:12.580 --> 00:29:13.720
 these were

00:29:13.720 --> 00:29:14.300
 two women

00:29:14.300 --> 00:29:15.080
 from Africa

00:29:15.080 --> 00:29:16.660
 we don't

00:29:16.660 --> 00:29:17.320
 know what

00:29:17.320 --> 00:29:18.160
 race they

00:29:18.160 --> 00:29:18.420
 were

00:29:18.420 --> 00:29:19.420
 this picture

00:29:19.420 --> 00:29:19.840
 here

00:29:19.840 --> 00:29:20.560
 has portrayed

00:29:20.560 --> 00:29:20.960
 them as

00:29:20.960 --> 00:29:21.940
 sub-Saharan

00:29:21.940 --> 00:29:22.380
 African

00:29:22.380 --> 00:29:22.900
 they may

00:29:22.900 --> 00:29:23.380
 have been

00:29:23.380 --> 00:29:24.279
 there's some

00:29:24.279 --> 00:29:24.759
 evidence

00:29:24.759 --> 00:29:26.500
 that Perpetua

00:29:26.500 --> 00:29:26.880
 at least

00:29:26.880 --> 00:29:27.700
 was a Berber

00:29:27.700 --> 00:29:28.519
 and that's

00:29:28.519 --> 00:29:28.980
 because her

00:29:28.980 --> 00:29:30.740
 name implies

00:29:30.740 --> 00:29:31.620
 a descent

00:29:31.620 --> 00:29:32.740
 from a Berber

00:29:32.740 --> 00:29:33.240
 so that means

00:29:33.240 --> 00:29:33.740
 she was not

00:29:33.740 --> 00:29:34.059
 Greek

00:29:34.059 --> 00:29:34.880
 she was not

00:29:34.880 --> 00:29:35.220
 Roman

00:29:35.220 --> 00:29:36.319
 of descent

00:29:36.319 --> 00:29:36.779
 those are

00:29:36.779 --> 00:29:37.240
 the two

00:29:37.240 --> 00:29:38.519
 privileged

00:29:38.519 --> 00:29:39.920
 ethnic groups

00:29:39.920 --> 00:29:40.580
 in antiquity

00:29:40.580 --> 00:29:41.420
 she was not

00:29:41.420 --> 00:29:41.880
 from them

00:29:41.880 --> 00:29:42.759
 she was from

00:29:42.759 --> 00:29:43.500
 North Africa

00:29:43.500 --> 00:29:45.440
 she was

00:29:45.440 --> 00:29:46.880
 well educated

00:29:46.880 --> 00:29:47.380
 she was

00:29:47.380 --> 00:29:47.840
 married

00:29:47.840 --> 00:29:48.920
 she had a

00:29:48.920 --> 00:29:49.420
 father and

00:29:49.420 --> 00:29:49.680
 mother

00:29:49.680 --> 00:29:50.380
 two brothers

00:29:50.380 --> 00:29:51.180
 one of whom

00:29:51.180 --> 00:29:52.160
 like herself

00:29:52.160 --> 00:29:52.539
 was a

00:29:52.539 --> 00:29:53.100
 catechumen

00:29:53.100 --> 00:29:53.660
 meaning just

00:29:53.660 --> 00:29:54.200
 an early

00:29:54.200 --> 00:29:54.620
 Christian

00:29:54.620 --> 00:29:55.759
 just had

00:29:55.759 --> 00:29:56.580
 recently made

00:29:56.580 --> 00:29:57.100
 the confession

00:29:57.100 --> 00:29:57.559
 to follow

00:29:57.559 --> 00:29:57.960
 Jesus

00:29:57.960 --> 00:29:58.759
 she was

00:29:58.759 --> 00:29:59.500
 22 years

00:29:59.500 --> 00:29:59.859
 old

00:29:59.859 --> 00:30:00.559
 we don't

00:30:00.559 --> 00:30:00.879
 know the

00:30:00.879 --> 00:30:01.399
 context

00:30:01.399 --> 00:30:02.559
 behind why

00:30:02.559 --> 00:30:03.359
 she and

00:30:03.359 --> 00:30:04.440
 Felicity and

00:30:04.440 --> 00:30:04.859
 some others

00:30:04.859 --> 00:30:05.419
 were arrested

00:30:05.419 --> 00:30:06.399
 but presumably

00:30:06.399 --> 00:30:07.079
 it was similar

00:30:07.079 --> 00:30:08.079
 to what happened

00:30:08.079 --> 00:30:08.619
 in Lyons

00:30:08.619 --> 00:30:09.059
 that some

00:30:09.059 --> 00:30:09.639
 rumor goes

00:30:09.639 --> 00:30:10.019
 out or

00:30:10.019 --> 00:30:10.460
 some governor

00:30:10.460 --> 00:30:11.119
 gets upset

00:30:11.119 --> 00:30:11.599
 and decides

00:30:11.599 --> 00:30:11.980
 he's gonna

00:30:11.980 --> 00:30:12.819
 do something

00:30:12.819 --> 00:30:13.179
 about the

00:30:13.179 --> 00:30:13.579
 Christians

00:30:13.579 --> 00:30:15.079
 what is

00:30:15.079 --> 00:30:15.819
 remarkable

00:30:15.819 --> 00:30:16.759
 about Perpetua

00:30:16.759 --> 00:30:17.720
 is that we

00:30:17.720 --> 00:30:18.279
 know about

00:30:18.279 --> 00:30:19.399
 her from

00:30:19.399 --> 00:30:20.200
 her own

00:30:20.200 --> 00:30:20.879
 words

00:30:20.879 --> 00:30:21.740
 she left

00:30:21.740 --> 00:30:22.500
 a journal

00:30:22.500 --> 00:30:23.259
 a diary

00:30:23.259 --> 00:30:24.559
 and we still

00:30:24.559 --> 00:30:25.299
 have excerpts

00:30:25.299 --> 00:30:25.759
 from this

00:30:25.759 --> 00:30:26.259
 a later

00:30:26.259 --> 00:30:27.440
 editor who

00:30:27.440 --> 00:30:27.840
 seems to

00:30:27.840 --> 00:30:28.200
 have known

00:30:28.200 --> 00:30:28.380
 her

00:30:28.380 --> 00:30:28.820
 took her

00:30:28.820 --> 00:30:29.140
 journal

00:30:29.140 --> 00:30:30.140
 and kind

00:30:30.140 --> 00:30:30.620
 of prefaced

00:30:30.620 --> 00:30:31.140
 it with some

00:30:31.140 --> 00:30:31.640
 comments

00:30:31.640 --> 00:30:32.600
 and then

00:30:32.600 --> 00:30:33.740
 gives excerpts

00:30:33.740 --> 00:30:34.259
 of her

00:30:34.259 --> 00:30:34.620
 writing

00:30:34.620 --> 00:30:35.620
 and then

00:30:35.620 --> 00:30:36.620
 wraps it up

00:30:36.620 --> 00:30:37.279
 at the end

00:30:37.279 --> 00:30:38.559
 and this is

00:30:38.559 --> 00:30:38.940
 remarkable

00:30:38.940 --> 00:30:39.580
 because she

00:30:39.580 --> 00:30:40.080
 that makes

00:30:40.080 --> 00:30:40.420
 her the

00:30:40.420 --> 00:30:40.960
 first

00:30:40.960 --> 00:30:42.460
 female

00:30:42.460 --> 00:30:42.900
 Christian

00:30:42.900 --> 00:30:43.500
 writer that

00:30:43.500 --> 00:30:44.000
 we have

00:30:44.000 --> 00:30:45.120
 is Perpetua

00:30:45.120 --> 00:30:46.279
 it also

00:30:46.279 --> 00:30:47.299
 makes her

00:30:47.299 --> 00:30:47.940
 one of the

00:30:47.940 --> 00:30:48.420
 earliest

00:30:48.420 --> 00:30:49.140
 Christian

00:30:49.140 --> 00:30:49.539
 Latin

00:30:49.539 --> 00:30:50.140
 writers that

00:30:50.140 --> 00:30:50.580
 we have

00:30:50.580 --> 00:30:51.120
 she's writing

00:30:51.120 --> 00:30:51.519
 around the

00:30:51.519 --> 00:30:52.180
 year 200

00:30:52.180 --> 00:30:52.519
 AD

00:30:52.519 --> 00:30:53.519
 this is

00:30:53.519 --> 00:30:54.079
 extremely

00:30:54.079 --> 00:30:54.639
 early for

00:30:54.639 --> 00:30:54.920
 Latin

00:30:54.920 --> 00:30:55.359
 Christian

00:30:55.359 --> 00:30:55.759
 literature

00:30:55.759 --> 00:30:56.539
 there

00:30:56.539 --> 00:30:57.139
 really

00:30:57.139 --> 00:30:58.059
 is only

00:30:58.059 --> 00:30:58.759
 maybe

00:30:58.759 --> 00:30:59.980
 two

00:30:59.980 --> 00:31:00.759
 documents

00:31:00.759 --> 00:31:01.059
 that

00:31:01.059 --> 00:31:01.740
 predate

00:31:01.740 --> 00:31:02.740
 this

00:31:02.740 --> 00:31:03.319
 that we

00:31:03.319 --> 00:31:03.660
 have in

00:31:03.660 --> 00:31:03.920
 Latin

00:31:03.920 --> 00:31:04.200
 but

00:31:04.200 --> 00:31:04.720
 they're

00:31:04.720 --> 00:31:05.119
 both

00:31:05.119 --> 00:31:05.779
 anonymous

00:31:05.779 --> 00:31:07.000
 they're

00:31:07.000 --> 00:31:07.220
 very

00:31:07.220 --> 00:31:07.440
 very

00:31:07.440 --> 00:31:07.960
 short

00:31:07.960 --> 00:31:08.900
 and

00:31:08.900 --> 00:31:09.859
 so

00:31:09.859 --> 00:31:10.680
 she's

00:31:10.680 --> 00:31:11.019
 in some

00:31:11.019 --> 00:31:11.119
 ways

00:31:11.119 --> 00:31:11.480
 the first

00:31:11.480 --> 00:31:11.980
 named

00:31:11.980 --> 00:31:12.460
 Latin

00:31:12.460 --> 00:31:12.879
 author

00:31:12.879 --> 00:31:13.420
 that we

00:31:13.420 --> 00:31:13.599
 know

00:31:13.599 --> 00:31:13.859
 about

00:31:13.859 --> 00:31:14.519
 she

00:31:14.519 --> 00:31:14.720
 was

00:31:14.720 --> 00:31:15.079
 22

00:31:15.079 --> 00:31:15.339
 years

00:31:15.339 --> 00:31:15.519
 old

00:31:15.519 --> 00:31:15.660
 which

00:31:15.660 --> 00:31:15.940
 also

00:31:15.940 --> 00:31:16.180
 makes

00:31:16.180 --> 00:31:16.299
 her

00:31:16.299 --> 00:31:16.480
 the

00:31:16.480 --> 00:31:16.859
 youngest

00:31:16.859 --> 00:31:17.240
 Latin

00:31:17.240 --> 00:31:17.539
 author

00:31:17.539 --> 00:31:17.839
 that we

00:31:17.839 --> 00:31:18.039
 know

00:31:18.039 --> 00:31:18.399
 about

00:31:18.399 --> 00:31:19.480
 at least

00:31:19.480 --> 00:31:19.799
 that I'm

00:31:19.799 --> 00:31:20.039
 aware

00:31:20.039 --> 00:31:20.279
 of

00:31:20.279 --> 00:31:21.319
 well

00:31:21.319 --> 00:31:21.579
 her

00:31:21.579 --> 00:31:21.839
 journal

00:31:21.839 --> 00:31:22.379
 begins

00:31:22.379 --> 00:31:23.279
 and she

00:31:23.279 --> 00:31:23.680
 says

00:31:23.680 --> 00:31:24.299
 she describes

00:31:24.299 --> 00:31:24.920
 her father

00:31:24.920 --> 00:31:25.839
 coming to

00:31:25.839 --> 00:31:26.440
 her begging

00:31:26.440 --> 00:31:26.960
 her to

00:31:26.960 --> 00:31:27.399
 recant

00:31:27.399 --> 00:31:27.879
 Christ

00:31:27.879 --> 00:31:28.639
 and he's

00:31:28.639 --> 00:31:29.159
 weeping

00:31:29.159 --> 00:31:29.980
 and she

00:31:29.980 --> 00:31:30.639
 refuses

00:31:30.639 --> 00:31:31.960
 and she's

00:31:31.960 --> 00:31:32.599
 she's taken

00:31:32.599 --> 00:31:33.000
 into a

00:31:33.000 --> 00:31:33.279
 dungeon

00:31:33.279 --> 00:31:33.659
 and she

00:31:33.659 --> 00:31:33.940
 says

00:31:33.940 --> 00:31:34.559
 quote

00:31:34.559 --> 00:31:35.059
 after a

00:31:35.059 --> 00:31:35.680
 few days

00:31:35.680 --> 00:31:36.460
 we were

00:31:36.460 --> 00:31:36.740
 taken

00:31:36.740 --> 00:31:37.119
 into the

00:31:37.119 --> 00:31:37.460
 dungeon

00:31:37.460 --> 00:31:38.240
 and I

00:31:38.240 --> 00:31:38.639
 was very

00:31:38.639 --> 00:31:38.879
 much

00:31:38.879 --> 00:31:39.359
 afraid

00:31:39.359 --> 00:31:39.940
 because I

00:31:39.940 --> 00:31:40.420
 had never

00:31:40.420 --> 00:31:41.119
 felt such

00:31:41.119 --> 00:31:41.700
 darkness

00:31:41.700 --> 00:31:42.579
 oh

00:31:42.579 --> 00:31:43.159
 terrible

00:31:43.159 --> 00:31:43.619
 day

00:31:43.619 --> 00:31:44.359
 oh

00:31:44.359 --> 00:31:45.099
 the fierce

00:31:45.099 --> 00:31:45.659
 heat

00:31:45.659 --> 00:31:46.339
 oh

00:31:46.339 --> 00:31:47.440
 the crowds

00:31:47.440 --> 00:31:47.759
 and the

00:31:47.759 --> 00:31:48.279
 soldiery

00:31:48.279 --> 00:31:48.740
 the prisoners

00:31:48.740 --> 00:31:49.080
 are just

00:31:49.080 --> 00:31:49.559
 packed

00:31:49.559 --> 00:31:50.320
 into this

00:31:50.320 --> 00:31:51.360
 hot cell

00:31:51.360 --> 00:31:52.380
 I was

00:31:52.380 --> 00:31:52.840
 very

00:31:52.840 --> 00:31:53.620
 unusually

00:31:53.620 --> 00:31:54.340
 distressed

00:31:54.340 --> 00:31:54.940
 she says

00:31:54.940 --> 00:31:55.360
 and then she

00:31:55.360 --> 00:31:55.940
 gives us

00:31:55.940 --> 00:31:58.220
 a frightful

00:31:58.220 --> 00:31:58.640
 detail

00:31:58.640 --> 00:31:59.180
 she says

00:31:59.180 --> 00:31:59.519
 I was

00:31:59.519 --> 00:31:59.840
 very

00:31:59.840 --> 00:32:00.500
 unusually

00:32:00.500 --> 00:32:01.140
 distressed

00:32:01.140 --> 00:32:02.539
 over anxiety

00:32:02.539 --> 00:32:03.539
 for my

00:32:03.539 --> 00:32:04.080
 infant

00:32:04.080 --> 00:32:05.240
 she also

00:32:05.240 --> 00:32:05.900
 had an

00:32:05.900 --> 00:32:06.299
 infant

00:32:06.299 --> 00:32:07.000
 baby

00:32:07.000 --> 00:32:08.000
 that she

00:32:08.000 --> 00:32:08.480
 was caring

00:32:08.480 --> 00:32:08.880
 for

00:32:08.880 --> 00:32:09.680
 she says

00:32:09.680 --> 00:32:09.980
 there were

00:32:09.980 --> 00:32:10.460
 present there

00:32:10.460 --> 00:32:10.799
 certain

00:32:10.799 --> 00:32:11.360
 deacons of

00:32:11.360 --> 00:32:11.860
 the church

00:32:11.860 --> 00:32:12.660
 who

00:32:12.660 --> 00:32:13.759
 by means

00:32:13.759 --> 00:32:14.039
 of a

00:32:14.039 --> 00:32:14.640
 gratuity

00:32:14.640 --> 00:32:15.720
 this may

00:32:15.720 --> 00:32:15.940
 have been

00:32:15.940 --> 00:32:16.500
 a bribe

00:32:16.500 --> 00:32:16.759
 it may

00:32:16.759 --> 00:32:16.980
 have been

00:32:16.980 --> 00:32:17.420
 a payment

00:32:17.420 --> 00:32:17.900
 that was

00:32:17.900 --> 00:32:18.440
 required

00:32:18.440 --> 00:32:19.640
 they managed

00:32:19.640 --> 00:32:20.400
 to allow

00:32:20.400 --> 00:32:21.060
 the prisoners

00:32:21.060 --> 00:32:21.580
 to get

00:32:21.580 --> 00:32:21.900
 permission

00:32:21.900 --> 00:32:22.220
 for the

00:32:22.220 --> 00:32:22.519
 prisoners

00:32:22.519 --> 00:32:23.180
 to go

00:32:23.180 --> 00:32:23.460
 to a

00:32:23.460 --> 00:32:23.660
 different

00:32:23.660 --> 00:32:24.000
 part

00:32:24.000 --> 00:32:24.460
 of the

00:32:24.460 --> 00:32:24.960
 dungeon

00:32:24.960 --> 00:32:25.420
 that was

00:32:25.420 --> 00:32:25.779
 better

00:32:25.779 --> 00:32:26.740
 and

00:32:26.740 --> 00:32:27.800
 so

00:32:27.800 --> 00:32:28.180
 she

00:32:28.180 --> 00:32:28.440
 says

00:32:28.440 --> 00:32:28.620
 we

00:32:28.620 --> 00:32:28.800
 were

00:32:28.800 --> 00:32:29.120
 allowed

00:32:29.120 --> 00:32:29.420
 to be

00:32:29.420 --> 00:32:29.820
 refreshed

00:32:29.820 --> 00:32:30.060
 there

00:32:30.060 --> 00:32:30.420
 for a

00:32:30.420 --> 00:32:30.620
 few

00:32:30.620 --> 00:32:31.019
 hours

00:32:31.019 --> 00:32:31.640
 in a

00:32:31.640 --> 00:32:31.980
 pleasanter

00:32:31.980 --> 00:32:32.519
 part

00:32:32.519 --> 00:32:33.360
 of the

00:32:33.360 --> 00:32:33.680
 prison

00:32:33.680 --> 00:32:34.539
 she says

00:32:34.539 --> 00:32:34.880
 there

00:32:34.880 --> 00:32:35.620
 I nursed

00:32:35.620 --> 00:32:36.320
 my child

00:32:36.320 --> 00:32:36.800
 who was

00:32:36.800 --> 00:32:37.460
 enfeebled

00:32:37.460 --> 00:32:38.140
 with hunger

00:32:38.140 --> 00:32:38.900
 and I

00:32:38.900 --> 00:32:39.660
 obtained

00:32:39.660 --> 00:32:40.480
 permission

00:32:40.480 --> 00:32:41.100
 for my

00:32:41.100 --> 00:32:41.500
 infant

00:32:41.500 --> 00:32:42.460
 to remain

00:32:42.460 --> 00:32:43.060
 with me

00:32:43.060 --> 00:32:43.539
 in the

00:32:43.539 --> 00:32:43.860
 dungeon

00:32:43.860 --> 00:32:45.000
 and immediately

00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:45.620
 I grew

00:32:45.620 --> 00:32:46.240
 strong

00:32:46.240 --> 00:32:46.620
 and was

00:32:46.620 --> 00:32:47.079
 relieved

00:32:47.079 --> 00:32:47.859
 from distress

00:32:47.859 --> 00:32:48.579
 and anxiety

00:32:48.579 --> 00:32:49.140
 about my

00:32:49.140 --> 00:32:49.519
 infant

00:32:49.519 --> 00:32:51.400
 and the dungeon

00:32:51.400 --> 00:32:52.160
 became to me

00:32:52.160 --> 00:32:52.759
 as it were

00:32:52.759 --> 00:32:53.940
 a palace

00:32:53.940 --> 00:32:54.880
 and I

00:32:54.880 --> 00:32:55.620
 preferred to be

00:32:55.620 --> 00:32:56.380
 there to be

00:32:56.380 --> 00:32:57.220
 anywhere else

00:32:57.220 --> 00:32:59.339
 she describes

00:32:59.339 --> 00:33:00.720
 how providentially

00:33:00.720 --> 00:33:01.359
 her child

00:33:01.359 --> 00:33:02.240
 was weaned

00:33:02.240 --> 00:33:03.240
 and she was

00:33:03.240 --> 00:33:04.000
 able to give

00:33:04.000 --> 00:33:04.519
 her child

00:33:04.519 --> 00:33:05.559
 to her parents

00:33:05.559 --> 00:33:06.160
 and her

00:33:06.160 --> 00:33:06.680
 brothers and

00:33:06.680 --> 00:33:07.000
 sisters

00:33:07.000 --> 00:33:08.160
 to take care

00:33:08.160 --> 00:33:08.460
 of

00:33:08.460 --> 00:33:10.059
 she also

00:33:10.059 --> 00:33:10.819
 describes

00:33:10.819 --> 00:33:12.180
 several visions

00:33:12.180 --> 00:33:12.880
 that she was

00:33:12.880 --> 00:33:13.160
 given

00:33:13.160 --> 00:33:13.740
 there's one in

00:33:13.740 --> 00:33:14.120
 particular

00:33:14.120 --> 00:33:15.180
 where there's

00:33:15.180 --> 00:33:15.700
 this ladder

00:33:15.700 --> 00:33:16.200
 going up

00:33:16.200 --> 00:33:16.640
 to heaven

00:33:16.640 --> 00:33:17.400
 and there's

00:33:17.400 --> 00:33:17.720
 someone

00:33:17.720 --> 00:33:18.559
 waiting at

00:33:18.559 --> 00:33:19.099
 the top

00:33:19.099 --> 00:33:20.240
 that tells

00:33:20.240 --> 00:33:20.420
 her

00:33:20.420 --> 00:33:21.000
 Perpetua

00:33:21.000 --> 00:33:22.160
 I am

00:33:22.160 --> 00:33:22.779
 waiting for

00:33:22.779 --> 00:33:23.180
 you

00:33:23.180 --> 00:33:24.299
 but be

00:33:24.299 --> 00:33:24.700
 careful

00:33:24.700 --> 00:33:25.839
 that the

00:33:25.839 --> 00:33:26.200
 dragon

00:33:26.200 --> 00:33:26.680
 does not

00:33:26.680 --> 00:33:27.220
 bite you

00:33:27.220 --> 00:33:29.079
 also

00:33:29.079 --> 00:33:30.099
 with Perpetua

00:33:30.099 --> 00:33:30.880
 in prison

00:33:30.880 --> 00:33:31.839
 was Felicity

00:33:31.839 --> 00:33:32.819
 whom you can

00:33:32.819 --> 00:33:33.440
 see there

00:33:33.440 --> 00:33:34.900
 and Felicity

00:33:34.900 --> 00:33:35.519
 is another

00:33:35.519 --> 00:33:36.539
 remarkable

00:33:36.539 --> 00:33:36.940
 woman

00:33:36.940 --> 00:33:37.759
 when she

00:33:37.759 --> 00:33:38.440
 was arrested

00:33:38.440 --> 00:33:40.839
 this account

00:33:40.839 --> 00:33:41.440
 says that

00:33:41.440 --> 00:33:41.839
 she was

00:33:41.839 --> 00:33:42.859
 eight months

00:33:42.859 --> 00:33:43.299
 pregnant

00:33:43.299 --> 00:33:44.899
 and that

00:33:44.899 --> 00:33:45.859
 there was

00:33:45.859 --> 00:33:46.359
 as the

00:33:46.359 --> 00:33:46.679
 day

00:33:46.679 --> 00:33:47.299
 appointed

00:33:47.299 --> 00:33:47.659
 day

00:33:47.659 --> 00:33:48.059
 for this

00:33:48.059 --> 00:33:48.599
 exhibition

00:33:48.599 --> 00:33:48.879
 where they

00:33:48.879 --> 00:33:49.039
 were going

00:33:49.039 --> 00:33:49.299
 to bring

00:33:49.299 --> 00:33:49.579
 out the

00:33:49.579 --> 00:33:49.899
 Christians

00:33:49.899 --> 00:33:50.339
 and do

00:33:50.339 --> 00:33:50.639
 horrible

00:33:50.639 --> 00:33:51.079
 things to

00:33:51.079 --> 00:33:51.279
 them

00:33:51.279 --> 00:33:52.139
 as that

00:33:52.139 --> 00:33:52.519
 day was

00:33:52.519 --> 00:33:52.779
 coming

00:33:52.779 --> 00:33:53.279
 close

00:33:53.279 --> 00:33:54.139
 there was

00:33:54.139 --> 00:33:54.759
 a law

00:33:54.759 --> 00:33:55.459
 in Rome

00:33:55.459 --> 00:33:55.979
 that a

00:33:55.979 --> 00:33:56.279
 pregnant

00:33:56.279 --> 00:33:56.639
 woman

00:33:56.639 --> 00:33:57.379
 was not

00:33:57.379 --> 00:33:57.819
 allowed

00:33:57.819 --> 00:33:58.240
 to be

00:33:58.240 --> 00:33:58.839
 publicly

00:33:58.839 --> 00:33:59.219
 punished

00:33:59.219 --> 00:33:59.679
 so you

00:33:59.679 --> 00:34:00.399
 could torture

00:34:00.399 --> 00:34:00.959
 them but you

00:34:00.959 --> 00:34:01.339
 couldn't do

00:34:01.339 --> 00:34:01.879
 it publicly

00:34:01.879 --> 00:34:03.439
 and because

00:34:03.439 --> 00:34:04.779
 the folks

00:34:04.779 --> 00:34:05.740
 wanted to do

00:34:05.740 --> 00:34:06.339
 this publicly

00:34:06.339 --> 00:34:07.099
 to Felicity

00:34:07.099 --> 00:34:07.959
 they told her

00:34:07.959 --> 00:34:08.299
 we're not

00:34:08.299 --> 00:34:09.179
 gonna have

00:34:09.179 --> 00:34:09.739
 you wait

00:34:09.739 --> 00:34:11.019
 and bring

00:34:11.019 --> 00:34:11.440
 these other

00:34:11.440 --> 00:34:11.980
 folks out

00:34:11.980 --> 00:34:13.019
 your brothers

00:34:13.019 --> 00:34:13.440
 and sisters

00:34:13.440 --> 00:34:13.960
 in Christ

00:34:13.960 --> 00:34:15.059
 first and

00:34:15.059 --> 00:34:15.480
 we'll wait

00:34:15.480 --> 00:34:15.699
 for you

00:34:15.699 --> 00:34:15.980
 to give

00:34:15.980 --> 00:34:16.300
 birth

00:34:16.300 --> 00:34:17.559
 and Felicity

00:34:17.559 --> 00:34:18.320
 was grieved

00:34:18.320 --> 00:34:18.840
 by this

00:34:18.840 --> 00:34:19.280
 because

00:34:19.280 --> 00:34:21.559
 well she

00:34:21.559 --> 00:34:22.300
 knew her

00:34:22.300 --> 00:34:22.699
 fate was

00:34:22.699 --> 00:34:23.159
 sealed and

00:34:23.159 --> 00:34:23.559
 she wanted

00:34:23.559 --> 00:34:23.920
 to die

00:34:23.920 --> 00:34:24.199
 with her

00:34:24.199 --> 00:34:24.599
 brothers and

00:34:24.599 --> 00:34:24.920
 sisters

00:34:24.920 --> 00:34:25.820
 and so

00:34:25.820 --> 00:34:26.519
 she prayed

00:34:26.519 --> 00:34:28.460
 that she

00:34:28.460 --> 00:34:28.860
 would give

00:34:28.860 --> 00:34:29.320
 birth

00:34:29.320 --> 00:34:30.159
 early

00:34:30.159 --> 00:34:30.780
 in her

00:34:30.780 --> 00:34:31.340
 eighth month

00:34:31.340 --> 00:34:31.780
 instead of

00:34:31.780 --> 00:34:32.300
 her ninth

00:34:32.300 --> 00:34:33.240
 and she

00:34:33.240 --> 00:34:33.639
 did

00:34:33.639 --> 00:34:34.480
 and

00:34:34.480 --> 00:34:36.320
 she gave

00:34:36.320 --> 00:34:36.800
 birth in

00:34:36.800 --> 00:34:37.139
 prison

00:34:37.139 --> 00:34:37.960
 and her

00:34:37.960 --> 00:34:38.880
 little girl

00:34:38.880 --> 00:34:39.699
 was given

00:34:39.699 --> 00:34:40.940
 to a

00:34:40.940 --> 00:34:41.260
 sister

00:34:41.260 --> 00:34:41.920
 in Christ

00:34:41.920 --> 00:34:42.560
 to bring

00:34:42.560 --> 00:34:42.820
 up

00:34:42.820 --> 00:34:43.920
 this was

00:34:43.920 --> 00:34:44.520
 very common

00:34:44.520 --> 00:34:45.160
 in the

00:34:45.160 --> 00:34:45.360
 ancient

00:34:45.360 --> 00:34:45.820
 world

00:34:45.820 --> 00:34:48.740
 the day

00:34:48.740 --> 00:34:49.240
 before

00:34:49.240 --> 00:34:50.200
 that they

00:34:50.200 --> 00:34:50.840
 were to

00:34:50.840 --> 00:34:51.480
 be executed

00:34:51.480 --> 00:34:52.240
 or to be

00:34:52.240 --> 00:34:52.720
 exhibited

00:34:52.720 --> 00:34:53.480
 and executed

00:34:53.480 --> 00:34:54.820
 they had a

00:34:54.820 --> 00:34:55.500
 last meal

00:34:55.500 --> 00:34:56.960
 and again

00:34:56.960 --> 00:34:57.740
 a gruesome

00:34:57.740 --> 00:34:58.160
 custom

00:34:58.160 --> 00:34:58.820
 all the

00:34:58.820 --> 00:34:59.440
 people would

00:34:59.440 --> 00:34:59.940
 come and

00:34:59.940 --> 00:35:00.420
 gather around

00:35:00.420 --> 00:35:00.960
 and watch

00:35:00.960 --> 00:35:01.700
 the folks

00:35:01.700 --> 00:35:01.900
 who were

00:35:01.900 --> 00:35:02.220
 about to

00:35:02.220 --> 00:35:02.460
 die

00:35:02.460 --> 00:35:02.940
 eating their

00:35:02.940 --> 00:35:03.540
 last meal

00:35:03.540 --> 00:35:03.960
 as kind

00:35:03.960 --> 00:35:04.280
 of a way

00:35:04.280 --> 00:35:04.520
 to be

00:35:04.520 --> 00:35:05.000
 entertained

00:35:05.000 --> 00:35:06.900
 and one

00:35:06.900 --> 00:35:07.739
 of the

00:35:07.739 --> 00:35:08.699
 future

00:35:08.699 --> 00:35:09.900
 martyrs

00:35:09.900 --> 00:35:11.460
 very boldly

00:35:11.460 --> 00:35:12.460
 said to

00:35:12.460 --> 00:35:12.679
 them

00:35:12.679 --> 00:35:13.199
 quote

00:35:13.199 --> 00:35:15.059
 note

00:35:15.059 --> 00:35:16.579
 our faces

00:35:16.579 --> 00:35:17.139
 diligently

00:35:17.139 --> 00:35:18.519
 that you

00:35:18.519 --> 00:35:19.260
 may recognize

00:35:19.260 --> 00:35:19.639
 them

00:35:19.639 --> 00:35:20.679
 on the

00:35:20.679 --> 00:35:21.000
 day of

00:35:21.000 --> 00:35:21.340
 judgment

00:35:21.340 --> 00:35:23.820
 and it

00:35:23.820 --> 00:35:24.440
 says thus

00:35:24.440 --> 00:35:24.920
 the crowd

00:35:24.920 --> 00:35:25.420
 departed

00:35:25.420 --> 00:35:26.159
 astonished

00:35:26.159 --> 00:35:26.639
 and from

00:35:26.639 --> 00:35:27.300
 these many

00:35:27.300 --> 00:35:27.920
 believed

00:35:27.920 --> 00:35:29.820
 the last

00:35:29.820 --> 00:35:30.340
 words of

00:35:30.340 --> 00:35:30.920
 perpetua

00:35:30.920 --> 00:35:32.159
 when she

00:35:32.159 --> 00:35:34.240
 was cast

00:35:34.240 --> 00:35:34.960
 before a

00:35:34.960 --> 00:35:35.360
 man with

00:35:35.360 --> 00:35:35.740
 a sword

00:35:35.740 --> 00:35:36.240
 to execute

00:35:36.240 --> 00:35:36.619
 her

00:35:36.619 --> 00:35:37.599
 was

00:35:37.599 --> 00:35:38.180
 stand

00:35:38.180 --> 00:35:38.720
 fast

00:35:38.720 --> 00:35:39.119
 in the

00:35:39.119 --> 00:35:39.500
 faith

00:35:39.500 --> 00:35:40.780
 and love

00:35:40.780 --> 00:35:41.340
 one another

00:35:41.340 --> 00:35:41.980
 all of

00:35:41.980 --> 00:35:42.180
 you

00:35:42.180 --> 00:35:43.460
 and do

00:35:43.460 --> 00:35:43.860
 not be

00:35:43.860 --> 00:35:44.280
 offended

00:35:44.280 --> 00:35:45.619
 at my

00:35:45.619 --> 00:35:46.260
 sufferings

00:35:46.260 --> 00:35:49.780
 perpetua

00:35:49.780 --> 00:35:50.340
 and felicity

00:35:50.340 --> 00:35:51.000
 are models

00:35:51.000 --> 00:35:51.840
 of jesus

00:35:51.840 --> 00:35:53.099
 words

00:35:53.099 --> 00:35:54.780
 when he

00:35:54.780 --> 00:35:55.420
 says that

00:35:55.420 --> 00:35:56.000
 anyone

00:35:56.000 --> 00:35:56.639
 who

00:35:56.639 --> 00:35:57.900
 loves

00:35:57.900 --> 00:35:58.300
 husband

00:35:58.300 --> 00:35:58.860
 or wife

00:35:58.860 --> 00:35:59.440
 or children

00:35:59.440 --> 00:36:00.059
 or houses

00:36:00.059 --> 00:36:00.460
 or home

00:36:00.460 --> 00:36:00.840
 more than

00:36:00.840 --> 00:36:01.000
 me

00:36:01.000 --> 00:36:01.320
 is not

00:36:01.320 --> 00:36:01.579
 worthy

00:36:01.579 --> 00:36:02.000
 of me

00:36:02.000 --> 00:36:02.840
 and this

00:36:02.840 --> 00:36:03.639
 is exemplified

00:36:03.639 --> 00:36:04.019
 by these

00:36:04.019 --> 00:36:04.539
 two women

00:36:04.539 --> 00:36:06.220
 who

00:36:06.220 --> 00:36:07.519
 sacrificed

00:36:07.519 --> 00:36:08.059
 more than

00:36:08.059 --> 00:36:08.400
 we can

00:36:08.400 --> 00:36:09.280
 possibly imagine

00:36:09.280 --> 00:36:09.780
 in many

00:36:09.780 --> 00:36:10.139
 ways

00:36:10.139 --> 00:36:11.980
 and this

00:36:11.980 --> 00:36:12.579
 was acknowledged

00:36:12.579 --> 00:36:13.220
 by the early

00:36:13.220 --> 00:36:13.639
 church

00:36:13.639 --> 00:36:14.820
 this is

00:36:14.820 --> 00:36:15.539
 an inscription

00:36:15.539 --> 00:36:16.800
 from

00:36:16.800 --> 00:36:18.340
 the third

00:36:18.340 --> 00:36:18.840
 century

00:36:18.840 --> 00:36:20.440
 and it

00:36:20.440 --> 00:36:21.619
 mentions

00:36:21.619 --> 00:36:22.440
 perpetua

00:36:22.440 --> 00:36:23.019
 and felicity

00:36:23.019 --> 00:36:24.519
 as martyrs

00:36:24.519 --> 00:36:25.220
 it mentions

00:36:25.220 --> 00:36:25.599
 their other

00:36:25.599 --> 00:36:26.900
 fellow martyrs

00:36:26.900 --> 00:36:27.820
 saturus

00:36:27.820 --> 00:36:29.159
 revocatus

00:36:29.159 --> 00:36:30.619
 so here's

00:36:30.619 --> 00:36:31.139
 the inscription

00:36:31.139 --> 00:36:31.639
 it's heavily

00:36:31.639 --> 00:36:32.019
 damaged

00:36:32.019 --> 00:36:32.399
 you can

00:36:32.399 --> 00:36:32.779
 see it

00:36:32.779 --> 00:36:33.559
 pieced back

00:36:33.559 --> 00:36:33.879
 together

00:36:33.879 --> 00:36:34.259
 and you

00:36:34.259 --> 00:36:34.779
 can see

00:36:34.779 --> 00:36:35.379
 the name

00:36:35.379 --> 00:36:35.940
 felicity

00:36:35.940 --> 00:36:37.899
 and perpetua

00:36:37.899 --> 00:36:38.940
 here

00:36:38.940 --> 00:36:39.739
 and it's

00:36:39.739 --> 00:36:40.019
 hard to

00:36:40.019 --> 00:36:40.440
 make out

00:36:40.440 --> 00:36:40.759
 but it

00:36:40.759 --> 00:36:42.259
 f-e-l-i-c-i

00:36:42.259 --> 00:36:42.559
 and then

00:36:42.559 --> 00:36:42.980
 perpetua

00:36:42.980 --> 00:36:43.399
 is there

00:36:43.399 --> 00:36:44.719
 and this

00:36:44.719 --> 00:36:45.239
 was discovered

00:36:45.239 --> 00:36:45.759
 some time

00:36:45.759 --> 00:36:46.099
 ago

00:36:46.099 --> 00:36:46.779
 but it

00:36:46.779 --> 00:36:47.119
 goes to

00:36:47.119 --> 00:36:47.759
 show what

00:36:47.759 --> 00:36:48.319
 an impact

00:36:48.319 --> 00:36:48.799
 these women

00:36:48.799 --> 00:36:49.480
 had on

00:36:49.480 --> 00:36:50.000
 their church

00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:50.759
 that there

00:36:50.759 --> 00:36:51.039
 would be

00:36:51.039 --> 00:36:51.420
 monuments

00:36:51.420 --> 00:36:51.899
 put up

00:36:51.899 --> 00:36:52.259
 in their

00:36:52.259 --> 00:36:52.519
 honor

00:36:52.519 --> 00:36:52.940
 and that

00:36:52.940 --> 00:36:53.159
 those

00:36:53.159 --> 00:36:53.579
 monuments

00:36:53.579 --> 00:36:54.799
 would still

00:36:54.799 --> 00:36:55.619
 survive

00:36:55.619 --> 00:36:56.719
 in a sense

00:36:56.719 --> 00:36:57.139
 or in a

00:36:57.139 --> 00:36:57.359
 way

00:36:57.359 --> 00:36:57.939
 to this

00:36:57.939 --> 00:36:58.199
 day

00:36:58.199 --> 00:36:59.980
 well moving

00:36:59.980 --> 00:37:00.299
 on

00:37:00.299 --> 00:37:01.539
 to a

00:37:01.539 --> 00:37:01.719
 woman

00:37:01.719 --> 00:37:02.019
 of a

00:37:02.019 --> 00:37:02.179
 very

00:37:02.179 --> 00:37:02.459
 different

00:37:02.459 --> 00:37:02.980
 station

00:37:02.980 --> 00:37:03.500
 in life

00:37:03.500 --> 00:37:05.859
 that we

00:37:05.859 --> 00:37:06.399
 know about

00:37:06.399 --> 00:37:07.319
 from this

00:37:07.319 --> 00:37:07.759
 statue

00:37:07.759 --> 00:37:08.239
 this is a

00:37:08.239 --> 00:37:08.839
 famous statue

00:37:08.839 --> 00:37:09.179
 called the

00:37:09.179 --> 00:37:09.599
 statue of

00:37:09.599 --> 00:37:10.159
 Hippolytus

00:37:10.159 --> 00:37:10.559
 I could

00:37:10.559 --> 00:37:11.379
 talk for

00:37:11.379 --> 00:37:11.879
 hours about

00:37:11.879 --> 00:37:12.159
 this

00:37:12.159 --> 00:37:13.139
 my research

00:37:13.139 --> 00:37:13.699
 has concerned

00:37:13.699 --> 00:37:14.179
 this statue

00:37:14.179 --> 00:37:14.739
 quite a bit

00:37:14.739 --> 00:37:15.439
 but what's

00:37:15.439 --> 00:37:15.879
 interesting

00:37:15.879 --> 00:37:16.399
 about the

00:37:16.399 --> 00:37:16.719
 statue

00:37:16.719 --> 00:37:17.279
 is the

00:37:17.279 --> 00:37:17.919
 inscriptions

00:37:17.919 --> 00:37:18.699
 on the

00:37:18.699 --> 00:37:19.279
 statue's

00:37:19.279 --> 00:37:19.579
 chair

00:37:19.579 --> 00:37:20.559
 and

00:37:20.559 --> 00:37:21.779
 these

00:37:21.779 --> 00:37:22.219
 inscriptions

00:37:22.219 --> 00:37:22.939
 allow us

00:37:22.939 --> 00:37:23.519
 to date

00:37:23.519 --> 00:37:24.239
 the statue

00:37:24.239 --> 00:37:25.619
 and they

00:37:25.619 --> 00:37:26.539
 date to

00:37:26.539 --> 00:37:26.899
 the year

00:37:26.899 --> 00:37:28.619
 222

00:37:28.619 --> 00:37:29.939
 AD

00:37:29.939 --> 00:37:31.039
 and

00:37:31.039 --> 00:37:32.279
 in fact

00:37:32.279 --> 00:37:32.899
 the inscription

00:37:32.899 --> 00:37:33.519
 says the

00:37:33.519 --> 00:37:34.199
 first year

00:37:34.199 --> 00:37:34.759
 of Emperor

00:37:34.759 --> 00:37:35.339
 Alexander

00:37:35.339 --> 00:37:36.000
 Severus

00:37:36.000 --> 00:37:36.619
 and it's

00:37:36.619 --> 00:37:37.279
 of March

00:37:37.279 --> 00:37:37.719
 or April

00:37:37.719 --> 00:37:38.099
 of that

00:37:38.099 --> 00:37:38.359
 year

00:37:38.359 --> 00:37:38.979
 it's the

00:37:38.979 --> 00:37:39.399
 first year

00:37:39.399 --> 00:37:39.659
 of his

00:37:39.659 --> 00:37:39.979
 reign

00:37:39.979 --> 00:37:40.639
 it's

00:37:40.639 --> 00:37:41.399
 222

00:37:41.399 --> 00:37:41.679
 AD

00:37:41.679 --> 00:37:43.139
 and

00:37:43.139 --> 00:37:44.659
 when you

00:37:44.659 --> 00:37:45.059
 start

00:37:45.059 --> 00:37:46.399
 putting some

00:37:46.399 --> 00:37:46.979
 pieces together

00:37:46.979 --> 00:37:47.639
 you realize

00:37:47.639 --> 00:37:48.219
 that this

00:37:48.219 --> 00:37:49.219
 statue was

00:37:49.219 --> 00:37:49.639
 made

00:37:49.639 --> 00:37:50.599
 just a

00:37:50.599 --> 00:37:50.939
 couple

00:37:50.939 --> 00:37:51.619
 months

00:37:51.619 --> 00:37:52.139
 or it

00:37:52.139 --> 00:37:52.399
 was at

00:37:52.399 --> 00:37:52.539
 least

00:37:52.539 --> 00:37:53.259
 inscribed

00:37:53.259 --> 00:37:54.059
 a couple

00:37:54.059 --> 00:37:54.480
 months

00:37:54.480 --> 00:37:55.179
 after

00:37:55.179 --> 00:37:55.900
 Alexander

00:37:55.900 --> 00:37:56.960
 became

00:37:56.960 --> 00:37:57.320
 Emperor

00:37:57.320 --> 00:37:58.559
 and

00:37:58.559 --> 00:37:59.239
 it also

00:37:59.239 --> 00:37:59.820
 turns out

00:37:59.820 --> 00:38:00.519
 that Alexander

00:38:00.519 --> 00:38:01.139
 was only

00:38:01.139 --> 00:38:01.980
 14 years

00:38:01.980 --> 00:38:02.440
 old when he

00:38:02.440 --> 00:38:02.960
 became Emperor

00:38:02.960 --> 00:38:03.539
 so he's a

00:38:03.539 --> 00:38:04.119
 14 year old

00:38:04.119 --> 00:38:04.500
 kid

00:38:04.500 --> 00:38:05.519
 that this

00:38:05.519 --> 00:38:06.179
 statue's

00:38:06.179 --> 00:38:06.820
 talking about

00:38:06.820 --> 00:38:08.219
 and when you

00:38:08.219 --> 00:38:09.000
 read through

00:38:09.000 --> 00:38:09.679
 the histories

00:38:09.679 --> 00:38:10.579
 you realize

00:38:10.579 --> 00:38:11.239
 that

00:38:11.239 --> 00:38:12.699
 Alexander's

00:38:12.699 --> 00:38:13.239
 mother

00:38:13.239 --> 00:38:14.460
 was really

00:38:14.460 --> 00:38:15.219
 the power

00:38:15.219 --> 00:38:16.059
 behind the

00:38:16.059 --> 00:38:16.340
 throne

00:38:16.340 --> 00:38:17.099
 her name

00:38:17.099 --> 00:38:17.980
 was Empress

00:38:17.980 --> 00:38:18.480
 Memea

00:38:18.480 --> 00:38:19.900
 and Empress

00:38:19.900 --> 00:38:20.619
 Memea

00:38:20.619 --> 00:38:21.380
 the mother

00:38:21.380 --> 00:38:21.880
 of Alexander

00:38:21.880 --> 00:38:22.460
 Severus

00:38:22.460 --> 00:38:24.840
 patronized

00:38:24.840 --> 00:38:25.639
 the Christians

00:38:25.639 --> 00:38:26.880
 and

00:38:26.880 --> 00:38:27.699
 what this

00:38:27.699 --> 00:38:28.039
 statue

00:38:28.039 --> 00:38:28.820
 seems to

00:38:28.820 --> 00:38:29.039
 be

00:38:29.039 --> 00:38:29.240
 now

00:38:29.240 --> 00:38:29.500
 there's

00:38:29.500 --> 00:38:29.760
 no

00:38:29.760 --> 00:38:30.220
 hard

00:38:30.220 --> 00:38:30.539
 evidence

00:38:30.539 --> 00:38:30.960
 for this

00:38:30.960 --> 00:38:31.659
 but you

00:38:31.659 --> 00:38:31.960
 put the

00:38:31.960 --> 00:38:32.179
 pieces

00:38:32.179 --> 00:38:32.599
 together

00:38:32.599 --> 00:38:33.199
 and it

00:38:33.199 --> 00:38:33.519
 seems like

00:38:33.519 --> 00:38:33.720
 what's

00:38:33.720 --> 00:38:34.260
 going on

00:38:34.260 --> 00:38:34.880
 is that

00:38:34.880 --> 00:38:35.880
 Emperor

00:38:35.880 --> 00:38:36.360
 Severus

00:38:36.360 --> 00:38:36.639
 became

00:38:36.639 --> 00:38:37.059
 Christian

00:38:37.059 --> 00:38:37.699
 his

00:38:37.699 --> 00:38:38.699
 or Emperor

00:38:38.699 --> 00:38:39.159
 Severus

00:38:39.159 --> 00:38:39.720
 became an

00:38:39.720 --> 00:38:40.039
 emperor

00:38:40.039 --> 00:38:41.119
 his mother

00:38:41.119 --> 00:38:42.220
 patronized

00:38:42.220 --> 00:38:42.780
 the Christians

00:38:42.780 --> 00:38:43.460
 and was now

00:38:43.460 --> 00:38:44.099
 really the

00:38:44.099 --> 00:38:44.780
 ruling power

00:38:44.780 --> 00:38:45.119
 in the

00:38:45.119 --> 00:38:45.480
 empire

00:38:45.480 --> 00:38:46.179
 and that

00:38:46.179 --> 00:38:46.480
 this

00:38:46.480 --> 00:38:47.340
 statue

00:38:47.340 --> 00:38:47.760
 is

00:38:47.760 --> 00:38:48.380
 was able

00:38:48.380 --> 00:38:48.760
 to be

00:38:48.760 --> 00:38:49.000
 made

00:38:49.000 --> 00:38:49.420
 because of

00:38:49.420 --> 00:38:49.760
 this new

00:38:49.760 --> 00:38:49.960
 found

00:38:49.960 --> 00:38:50.340
 freedom

00:38:50.340 --> 00:38:51.019
 that Christians

00:38:51.019 --> 00:38:52.039
 had in

00:38:52.039 --> 00:38:52.340
 Rome

00:38:52.340 --> 00:38:53.119
 and in

00:38:53.119 --> 00:38:53.519
 fact

00:38:53.519 --> 00:38:54.199
 one of

00:38:54.199 --> 00:38:54.340
 the

00:38:54.340 --> 00:38:54.860
 inscriptions

00:38:54.860 --> 00:38:55.219
 there's

00:38:55.219 --> 00:38:55.440
 several

00:38:55.440 --> 00:38:55.699
 of them

00:38:55.699 --> 00:38:56.440
 one of

00:38:56.440 --> 00:38:56.679
 them

00:38:56.679 --> 00:38:57.759
 indicates

00:38:57.759 --> 00:38:58.280
 that

00:38:58.280 --> 00:38:59.039
 Hippolytus

00:38:59.039 --> 00:39:00.199
 wrote a

00:39:00.199 --> 00:39:00.579
 letter

00:39:00.579 --> 00:39:01.599
 to the

00:39:01.599 --> 00:39:01.980
 Empress

00:39:01.980 --> 00:39:03.380
 and we

00:39:03.380 --> 00:39:03.880
 have an

00:39:03.880 --> 00:39:04.360
 excerpt from

00:39:04.360 --> 00:39:04.739
 that letter

00:39:04.739 --> 00:39:05.119
 about what

00:39:05.119 --> 00:39:05.659
 he says

00:39:05.659 --> 00:39:07.599
 we don't

00:39:07.599 --> 00:39:07.820
 know the

00:39:07.820 --> 00:39:08.119
 context

00:39:08.119 --> 00:39:08.380
 he's

00:39:08.380 --> 00:39:08.719
 encouraging

00:39:08.719 --> 00:39:09.079
 her about

00:39:09.079 --> 00:39:09.219
 the

00:39:09.219 --> 00:39:09.579
 resurrection

00:39:09.579 --> 00:39:10.599
 we also

00:39:10.599 --> 00:39:11.219
 know that

00:39:11.219 --> 00:39:11.860
 Empress

00:39:11.860 --> 00:39:12.340
 Memea

00:39:12.340 --> 00:39:13.559
 would summon

00:39:13.559 --> 00:39:14.380
 one of

00:39:14.380 --> 00:39:15.000
 the famous

00:39:15.000 --> 00:39:15.539
 theologians

00:39:15.539 --> 00:39:15.759
 of the

00:39:15.759 --> 00:39:16.239
 early church

00:39:16.239 --> 00:39:16.539
 to her

00:39:16.539 --> 00:39:16.980
 to preach

00:39:16.980 --> 00:39:17.380
 to her

00:39:17.380 --> 00:39:18.139
 and that

00:39:18.139 --> 00:39:18.759
 she would

00:39:18.759 --> 00:39:19.219
 send down

00:39:19.219 --> 00:39:19.840
 a chariot

00:39:19.840 --> 00:39:20.179
 with

00:39:20.179 --> 00:39:21.000
 soldiers

00:39:21.000 --> 00:39:21.760
 to take

00:39:21.760 --> 00:39:22.019
 him

00:39:22.019 --> 00:39:22.760
 on a

00:39:22.760 --> 00:39:23.119
 hundred

00:39:23.119 --> 00:39:23.440
 mile

00:39:23.440 --> 00:39:23.860
 journey

00:39:23.860 --> 00:39:24.400
 to go

00:39:24.400 --> 00:39:25.440
 see her

00:39:25.440 --> 00:39:26.260
 and preach

00:39:26.260 --> 00:39:26.699
 to her

00:39:26.699 --> 00:39:27.820
 so

00:39:27.820 --> 00:39:29.860
 it certainly

00:39:29.860 --> 00:39:30.840
 seems like

00:39:30.840 --> 00:39:31.460
 she was very

00:39:31.460 --> 00:39:31.980
 interested

00:39:31.980 --> 00:39:33.119
 in Christianity

00:39:33.119 --> 00:39:34.260
 we don't know

00:39:34.260 --> 00:39:35.579
 if she

00:39:35.579 --> 00:39:36.699
 actually was a

00:39:36.699 --> 00:39:37.159
 Christian or

00:39:37.159 --> 00:39:37.500
 not

00:39:37.500 --> 00:39:38.860
 there's obviously

00:39:38.860 --> 00:39:39.920
 suggestive that

00:39:39.920 --> 00:39:40.440
 she was

00:39:40.440 --> 00:39:41.380
 and

00:39:41.380 --> 00:39:42.039
 Emperor

00:39:42.039 --> 00:39:42.719
 Severus

00:39:42.719 --> 00:39:44.119
 was also

00:39:44.119 --> 00:39:44.940
 quite benevolent

00:39:44.940 --> 00:39:45.559
 as he grew

00:39:45.559 --> 00:39:45.980
 older

00:39:45.980 --> 00:39:46.820
 and became

00:39:46.820 --> 00:39:47.300
 an adult

00:39:47.300 --> 00:39:48.340
 he was very

00:39:48.340 --> 00:39:48.880
 benevolent

00:39:48.880 --> 00:39:49.699
 towards Christians

00:39:49.699 --> 00:39:50.599
 and this

00:39:50.599 --> 00:39:51.559
 is exemplified

00:39:51.559 --> 00:39:52.139
 by the fact

00:39:52.139 --> 00:39:53.000
 that when

00:39:53.000 --> 00:39:53.879
 he was

00:39:53.879 --> 00:39:54.659
 overthrown

00:39:54.659 --> 00:39:56.000
 about 13

00:39:56.000 --> 00:39:56.460
 years later

00:39:56.460 --> 00:39:56.839
 so he

00:39:56.839 --> 00:39:57.539
 would have

00:39:57.539 --> 00:39:58.179
 been 26

00:39:58.179 --> 00:39:58.939
 27 years

00:39:58.939 --> 00:39:59.199
 old

00:39:59.199 --> 00:39:59.839
 when he

00:39:59.839 --> 00:40:00.759
 was overthrown

00:40:00.759 --> 00:40:02.359
 right away

00:40:02.359 --> 00:40:03.460
 the bishops

00:40:03.460 --> 00:40:04.359
 of Rome

00:40:04.359 --> 00:40:04.799
 were rounded

00:40:04.799 --> 00:40:05.559
 up and executed

00:40:05.559 --> 00:40:06.439
 after he

00:40:06.439 --> 00:40:07.379
 was overthrown

00:40:07.379 --> 00:40:08.679
 and we also

00:40:08.679 --> 00:40:09.379
 know that there

00:40:09.379 --> 00:40:09.859
 were many

00:40:09.859 --> 00:40:10.500
 Christians in

00:40:10.500 --> 00:40:10.939
 the household

00:40:10.939 --> 00:40:11.960
 of the

00:40:11.960 --> 00:40:12.339
 Severan

00:40:12.339 --> 00:40:12.759
 dynasty

00:40:12.759 --> 00:40:14.139
 of the

00:40:14.139 --> 00:40:14.599
 household of

00:40:14.599 --> 00:40:14.919
 the emperor

00:40:14.919 --> 00:40:15.480
 at that time

00:40:15.480 --> 00:40:16.199
 so again

00:40:16.199 --> 00:40:16.960
 we have these

00:40:16.960 --> 00:40:17.379
 scraps

00:40:17.380 --> 00:40:17.760
 these little

00:40:17.760 --> 00:40:18.140
 crumbs

00:40:18.140 --> 00:40:18.420
 that we

00:40:18.420 --> 00:40:18.680
 got to

00:40:18.680 --> 00:40:19.160
 gobble up

00:40:19.160 --> 00:40:19.720
 but

00:40:19.720 --> 00:40:20.720
 this

00:40:20.720 --> 00:40:21.280
 the woman

00:40:21.280 --> 00:40:22.019
 the empress

00:40:22.019 --> 00:40:22.420
 here's a

00:40:22.420 --> 00:40:22.800
 here's a

00:40:22.800 --> 00:40:23.380
 bust of

00:40:23.380 --> 00:40:23.640
 her

00:40:23.640 --> 00:40:27.220
 she seems

00:40:27.220 --> 00:40:27.480
 to have

00:40:27.480 --> 00:40:27.760
 had an

00:40:27.760 --> 00:40:28.039
 enormous

00:40:28.039 --> 00:40:28.599
 impact

00:40:28.599 --> 00:40:28.980
 on the

00:40:28.980 --> 00:40:29.599
 early church

00:40:29.599 --> 00:40:30.920
 in patronizing

00:40:30.920 --> 00:40:31.240
 them

00:40:31.240 --> 00:40:32.180
 in protecting

00:40:32.180 --> 00:40:32.640
 them

00:40:32.640 --> 00:40:33.860
 and in

00:40:33.860 --> 00:40:35.500
 in listening

00:40:35.500 --> 00:40:36.180
 to sermons

00:40:36.180 --> 00:40:36.700
 we know she

00:40:36.700 --> 00:40:37.180
 listened to

00:40:37.180 --> 00:40:37.599
 several of

00:40:37.599 --> 00:40:37.860
 them at

00:40:37.860 --> 00:40:38.119
 least

00:40:38.119 --> 00:40:39.059
 inviting these

00:40:39.059 --> 00:40:39.579
 theologians

00:40:39.579 --> 00:40:40.380
 like Hippolytus

00:40:40.380 --> 00:40:40.760
 and like

00:40:40.760 --> 00:40:41.200
 Origen

00:40:41.200 --> 00:40:42.000
 another theologian

00:40:42.000 --> 00:40:42.760
 to preach

00:40:42.760 --> 00:40:43.160
 to her

00:40:43.160 --> 00:40:44.380
 but we

00:40:44.380 --> 00:40:44.980
 wish we

00:40:44.980 --> 00:40:45.320
 knew more

00:40:45.320 --> 00:40:45.760
 this is one

00:40:45.760 --> 00:40:45.960
 of those

00:40:45.960 --> 00:40:46.599
 areas that's

00:40:46.599 --> 00:40:46.940
 ripe for

00:40:46.940 --> 00:40:47.460
 discovery

00:40:47.460 --> 00:40:47.880
 you know

00:40:47.880 --> 00:40:48.559
 presumably

00:40:48.559 --> 00:40:49.119
 an empress

00:40:49.119 --> 00:40:49.579
 would leave

00:40:49.579 --> 00:40:50.599
 some information

00:40:50.599 --> 00:40:51.079
 about her

00:40:51.079 --> 00:40:51.300
 that we

00:40:51.300 --> 00:40:51.800
 don't have

00:40:51.800 --> 00:40:52.179
 so maybe

00:40:52.179 --> 00:40:52.539
 one day

00:40:52.539 --> 00:40:53.119
 we'll find

00:40:53.119 --> 00:40:53.519
 out more

00:40:53.519 --> 00:40:55.840
 well we've

00:40:55.840 --> 00:40:56.599
 talked about

00:40:56.599 --> 00:40:57.639
 early

00:40:57.639 --> 00:40:58.539
 Christian

00:40:58.539 --> 00:40:59.659
 women

00:40:59.659 --> 00:41:00.440
 martyrs

00:41:00.440 --> 00:41:01.139
 and empress

00:41:01.139 --> 00:41:02.280
 but now I

00:41:02.280 --> 00:41:02.500
 want to

00:41:02.500 --> 00:41:03.700
 move to

00:41:03.700 --> 00:41:04.900
 a female

00:41:04.900 --> 00:41:05.639
 slave

00:41:05.639 --> 00:41:06.900
 and missionary

00:41:06.900 --> 00:41:08.179
 Nino

00:41:08.179 --> 00:41:09.240
 of Georgia

00:41:09.240 --> 00:41:10.079
 now we're

00:41:10.079 --> 00:41:10.400
 in the year

00:41:10.400 --> 00:41:10.960
 300

00:41:10.960 --> 00:41:11.760
 so with

00:41:11.760 --> 00:41:12.740
 when we

00:41:12.740 --> 00:41:13.179
 were talking

00:41:13.179 --> 00:41:13.780
 about Blandina

00:41:13.780 --> 00:41:14.139
 that was

00:41:14.139 --> 00:41:14.700
 170

00:41:14.700 --> 00:41:15.460
 Perpetua

00:41:15.460 --> 00:41:16.220
 was 200

00:41:16.219 --> 00:41:17.599
 empress

00:41:17.599 --> 00:41:18.039
 mameo

00:41:18.039 --> 00:41:18.980
 was 222

00:41:18.980 --> 00:41:19.459
 now we're

00:41:19.459 --> 00:41:19.799
 in the year

00:41:19.799 --> 00:41:20.339
 300

00:41:20.339 --> 00:41:21.119
 or 320

00:41:21.119 --> 00:41:22.500
 we're in

00:41:22.500 --> 00:41:22.959
 Georgia

00:41:22.959 --> 00:41:23.480
 Georgia

00:41:23.480 --> 00:41:24.459
 is a country

00:41:24.459 --> 00:41:24.939
 north of

00:41:24.939 --> 00:41:25.219
 Iran

00:41:25.219 --> 00:41:25.699
 south of

00:41:25.699 --> 00:41:26.039
 Russia

00:41:26.039 --> 00:41:27.039
 east of

00:41:27.039 --> 00:41:27.399
 Turkey

00:41:27.399 --> 00:41:27.779
 in the

00:41:27.779 --> 00:41:28.379
 Caucasus

00:41:28.379 --> 00:41:28.799
 west of

00:41:28.799 --> 00:41:29.319
 the Caspian

00:41:29.319 --> 00:41:29.659
 Sea

00:41:29.659 --> 00:41:30.859
 and we

00:41:30.859 --> 00:41:31.339
 have this

00:41:31.339 --> 00:41:31.839
 account

00:41:31.839 --> 00:41:32.839
 of how

00:41:32.839 --> 00:41:33.419
 the gospel

00:41:33.419 --> 00:41:33.980
 came to

00:41:33.980 --> 00:41:34.480
 the Georgian

00:41:34.480 --> 00:41:34.859
 people

00:41:34.859 --> 00:41:36.359
 and it's

00:41:36.359 --> 00:41:37.319
 by a church

00:41:37.319 --> 00:41:37.779
 historian

00:41:37.779 --> 00:41:38.039
 named

00:41:38.039 --> 00:41:38.659
 Rufinus

00:41:38.659 --> 00:41:38.899
 who's

00:41:38.899 --> 00:41:39.139
 writing

00:41:39.139 --> 00:41:39.579
 around the

00:41:39.579 --> 00:41:39.699
 year

00:41:39.699 --> 00:41:41.239
 380

00:41:41.239 --> 00:41:41.879
 maybe

00:41:41.879 --> 00:41:43.480
 maybe 50

00:41:43.480 --> 00:41:43.719
 years

00:41:43.719 --> 00:41:44.079
 afterwards

00:41:44.079 --> 00:41:45.199
 and he

00:41:45.199 --> 00:41:45.439
 says

00:41:45.439 --> 00:41:46.099
 it was

00:41:46.099 --> 00:41:46.480
 at this

00:41:46.480 --> 00:41:47.159
 time too

00:41:47.159 --> 00:41:48.079
 that the

00:41:48.079 --> 00:41:48.719
 Georgians

00:41:48.719 --> 00:41:49.460
 accepted

00:41:49.460 --> 00:41:49.859
 the word

00:41:49.859 --> 00:41:50.379
 of God

00:41:50.379 --> 00:41:51.659
 and faith

00:41:51.659 --> 00:41:51.919
 in the

00:41:51.919 --> 00:41:52.119
 kingdom

00:41:52.119 --> 00:41:52.639
 to come

00:41:52.639 --> 00:41:53.359
 and the

00:41:53.359 --> 00:41:53.859
 cause of

00:41:53.859 --> 00:41:54.379
 this great

00:41:54.379 --> 00:41:54.779
 benefit

00:41:54.779 --> 00:41:55.279
 was a

00:41:55.279 --> 00:41:55.539
 woman

00:41:55.539 --> 00:41:56.019
 captive

00:41:56.019 --> 00:41:56.839
 who lived

00:41:56.839 --> 00:41:57.419
 among them

00:41:57.419 --> 00:41:58.339
 and who

00:41:58.339 --> 00:41:58.919
 led such

00:41:58.919 --> 00:41:59.619
 a faithful

00:41:59.619 --> 00:42:00.659
 sober

00:42:00.659 --> 00:42:01.579
 and modest

00:42:01.579 --> 00:42:02.099
 life

00:42:02.099 --> 00:42:02.739
 spending

00:42:02.739 --> 00:42:03.179
 all of

00:42:03.179 --> 00:42:03.619
 her days

00:42:03.619 --> 00:42:04.139
 and nights

00:42:04.139 --> 00:42:05.039
 in sleepless

00:42:05.039 --> 00:42:05.779
 supplication

00:42:05.780 --> 00:42:06.420
 to God

00:42:06.420 --> 00:42:07.680
 that

00:42:07.680 --> 00:42:08.940
 the local

00:42:08.940 --> 00:42:09.380
 inhabitants

00:42:09.380 --> 00:42:10.080
 started to

00:42:10.080 --> 00:42:10.460
 wonder

00:42:10.460 --> 00:42:11.100
 at what

00:42:11.100 --> 00:42:11.480
 she was

00:42:11.480 --> 00:42:11.860
 doing

00:42:11.860 --> 00:42:13.920
 and this

00:42:13.920 --> 00:42:14.500
 curiosity

00:42:14.500 --> 00:42:14.960
 led them

00:42:14.960 --> 00:42:15.340
 to ask

00:42:15.340 --> 00:42:15.780
 what she

00:42:15.780 --> 00:42:16.320
 was about

00:42:16.320 --> 00:42:16.980
 and she

00:42:16.980 --> 00:42:17.540
 replied

00:42:17.540 --> 00:42:18.820
 with the

00:42:18.820 --> 00:42:19.220
 truth

00:42:19.220 --> 00:42:20.320
 that she

00:42:20.320 --> 00:42:20.860
 worshipped

00:42:20.860 --> 00:42:21.320
 Jesus

00:42:21.320 --> 00:42:22.760
 as God

00:42:22.760 --> 00:42:23.980
 and this

00:42:23.980 --> 00:42:24.320
 answer

00:42:24.320 --> 00:42:24.820
 made the

00:42:24.820 --> 00:42:25.380
 barbarians

00:42:25.380 --> 00:42:25.820
 wonder

00:42:25.820 --> 00:42:27.160
 only

00:42:27.160 --> 00:42:28.340
 at this

00:42:28.340 --> 00:42:28.900
 novelty

00:42:28.900 --> 00:42:29.540
 this kind

00:42:29.540 --> 00:42:30.360
 of strangeness

00:42:30.360 --> 00:42:30.640
 they didn't

00:42:30.640 --> 00:42:30.880
 know what

00:42:30.880 --> 00:42:31.160
 to make

00:42:31.160 --> 00:42:31.980
 of it

00:42:31.980 --> 00:42:32.820
 Rufinus

00:42:32.820 --> 00:42:33.140
 goes on

00:42:33.140 --> 00:42:33.500
 to say

00:42:33.500 --> 00:42:33.880
 that

00:42:33.880 --> 00:42:36.780
 there was

00:42:36.780 --> 00:42:37.320
 a custom

00:42:37.320 --> 00:42:37.820
 amongst

00:42:37.820 --> 00:42:38.460
 the Georgians

00:42:38.460 --> 00:42:39.119
 that if a

00:42:39.119 --> 00:42:39.780
 child fell

00:42:39.780 --> 00:42:40.220
 sick

00:42:40.220 --> 00:42:41.440
 and the

00:42:41.440 --> 00:42:41.720
 mother

00:42:41.720 --> 00:42:42.340
 couldn't

00:42:42.340 --> 00:42:42.720
 help the

00:42:42.720 --> 00:42:43.039
 child

00:42:43.039 --> 00:42:43.380
 that the

00:42:43.380 --> 00:42:43.720
 mother would

00:42:43.720 --> 00:42:44.119
 bring the

00:42:44.119 --> 00:42:44.559
 sick child

00:42:44.559 --> 00:42:44.980
 from house

00:42:44.980 --> 00:42:45.340
 to house

00:42:45.340 --> 00:42:46.099
 asking people

00:42:46.099 --> 00:42:46.460
 to help

00:42:46.460 --> 00:42:46.820
 do you know

00:42:46.820 --> 00:42:47.200
 what to do

00:42:47.200 --> 00:42:47.500
 do you know

00:42:47.500 --> 00:42:47.940
 what to do

00:42:47.940 --> 00:42:50.220
 and no one

00:42:50.220 --> 00:42:50.920
 knew how to

00:42:50.920 --> 00:42:51.539
 cure this

00:42:51.539 --> 00:42:51.960
 child

00:42:51.960 --> 00:42:52.579
 and she

00:42:52.579 --> 00:42:53.099
 eventually

00:42:53.099 --> 00:42:53.740
 this mother

00:42:53.740 --> 00:42:54.940
 came to

00:42:54.940 --> 00:42:55.260
 Nino

00:42:55.260 --> 00:42:58.000
 and Nino

00:42:58.000 --> 00:42:58.440
 said

00:42:58.440 --> 00:43:00.380
 that quote

00:43:00.380 --> 00:43:00.820
 she knew

00:43:00.820 --> 00:43:01.300
 of no

00:43:01.300 --> 00:43:02.340
 human remedy

00:43:02.340 --> 00:43:03.140
 but she

00:43:03.140 --> 00:43:03.660
 declared

00:43:03.659 --> 00:43:04.420
 that Christ

00:43:04.420 --> 00:43:04.980
 her God

00:43:04.980 --> 00:43:05.379
 whom she

00:43:05.379 --> 00:43:05.879
 worshipped

00:43:05.879 --> 00:43:06.980
 could heal

00:43:06.980 --> 00:43:07.519
 the child

00:43:07.519 --> 00:43:09.299
 and after

00:43:09.299 --> 00:43:09.659
 she had

00:43:09.659 --> 00:43:10.000
 put the

00:43:10.000 --> 00:43:10.339
 child

00:43:10.339 --> 00:43:10.659
 on a

00:43:10.659 --> 00:43:10.859
 shirt

00:43:10.859 --> 00:43:11.139
 on the

00:43:11.139 --> 00:43:11.440
 ground

00:43:11.440 --> 00:43:11.940
 poured

00:43:11.940 --> 00:43:12.299
 out

00:43:12.299 --> 00:43:12.539
 above

00:43:12.539 --> 00:43:12.739
 the

00:43:12.739 --> 00:43:13.039
 child

00:43:13.039 --> 00:43:13.239
 her

00:43:13.239 --> 00:43:13.500
 prayer

00:43:13.500 --> 00:43:13.659
 to

00:43:13.659 --> 00:43:13.819
 the

00:43:13.819 --> 00:43:14.079
 Lord

00:43:14.079 --> 00:43:14.599
 she

00:43:14.599 --> 00:43:14.879
 gave

00:43:14.879 --> 00:43:15.019
 the

00:43:15.019 --> 00:43:15.299
 infant

00:43:15.299 --> 00:43:15.719
 back

00:43:15.719 --> 00:43:16.599
 to

00:43:16.599 --> 00:43:16.799
 its

00:43:16.799 --> 00:43:17.099
 mother

00:43:17.099 --> 00:43:17.859
 in

00:43:17.859 --> 00:43:18.079
 good

00:43:18.079 --> 00:43:18.440
 health

00:43:18.440 --> 00:43:19.299
 and

00:43:19.299 --> 00:43:19.579
 word

00:43:19.579 --> 00:43:19.739
 of

00:43:19.739 --> 00:43:19.920
 this

00:43:19.920 --> 00:43:20.159
 got

00:43:20.159 --> 00:43:20.460
 around

00:43:20.460 --> 00:43:20.579
 to

00:43:20.579 --> 00:43:20.739
 many

00:43:20.739 --> 00:43:21.159
 people

00:43:21.159 --> 00:43:21.699
 and

00:43:21.699 --> 00:43:21.940
 news

00:43:21.940 --> 00:43:22.079
 of

00:43:22.079 --> 00:43:22.199
 the

00:43:22.199 --> 00:43:22.519
 wonderful

00:43:22.519 --> 00:43:22.819
 deed

00:43:22.819 --> 00:43:23.179
 reached

00:43:23.179 --> 00:43:23.399
 the

00:43:23.399 --> 00:43:23.920
 ears

00:43:23.920 --> 00:43:24.339
 of

00:43:24.339 --> 00:43:24.519
 the

00:43:24.519 --> 00:43:24.920
 queen

00:43:24.920 --> 00:43:25.539
 who

00:43:25.539 --> 00:43:25.779
 was

00:43:25.779 --> 00:43:26.219
 suffering

00:43:26.219 --> 00:43:26.599
 from

00:43:26.599 --> 00:43:26.759
 a

00:43:26.759 --> 00:43:27.039
 bodily

00:43:27.039 --> 00:43:27.460
 illness

00:43:27.460 --> 00:43:27.659
 of

00:43:27.659 --> 00:43:27.819
 the

00:43:27.819 --> 00:43:28.420
 gravest

00:43:28.420 --> 00:43:28.940
 sort

00:43:28.940 --> 00:43:29.500
 and

00:43:29.500 --> 00:43:29.639
 had

00:43:29.639 --> 00:43:29.799
 been

00:43:33.659 --> 00:43:34.379
 she

00:43:34.379 --> 00:43:34.839
 asked

00:43:34.839 --> 00:43:35.019
 for

00:43:35.019 --> 00:43:35.139
 the

00:43:35.139 --> 00:43:35.319
 woman

00:43:35.319 --> 00:43:35.719
 captive

00:43:35.719 --> 00:43:35.940
 to

00:43:35.940 --> 00:43:36.079
 be

00:43:36.079 --> 00:43:36.299
 brought

00:43:36.299 --> 00:43:36.500
 to

00:43:36.500 --> 00:43:36.819
 her

00:43:36.819 --> 00:43:37.599
 but

00:43:37.599 --> 00:43:37.960
 Nino

00:43:37.960 --> 00:43:38.699
 declined

00:43:38.699 --> 00:43:39.379
 this

00:43:39.379 --> 00:43:39.659
 is one

00:43:39.659 --> 00:43:39.899
 of those

00:43:39.899 --> 00:43:40.279
 moments

00:43:40.279 --> 00:43:40.699
 where

00:43:40.699 --> 00:43:41.079
 you know

00:43:41.079 --> 00:43:41.440
 I feel

00:43:41.440 --> 00:43:41.799
 like I

00:43:41.799 --> 00:43:41.960
 would

00:43:41.960 --> 00:43:42.079
 have

00:43:42.079 --> 00:43:42.339
 gone

00:43:42.339 --> 00:43:42.799
 I don't

00:43:42.799 --> 00:43:42.940
 know

00:43:42.940 --> 00:43:43.119
 why

00:43:43.119 --> 00:43:43.259
 she

00:43:43.259 --> 00:43:43.460
 didn't

00:43:43.460 --> 00:43:43.719
 go

00:43:43.719 --> 00:43:44.199
 but

00:43:44.199 --> 00:43:44.379
 you

00:43:44.379 --> 00:43:44.619
 see

00:43:44.619 --> 00:43:44.859
 that

00:43:44.859 --> 00:43:45.039
 in

00:43:45.039 --> 00:43:45.159
 the

00:43:45.159 --> 00:43:45.639
 gospels

00:43:45.639 --> 00:43:45.980
 Jesus

00:43:45.980 --> 00:43:46.359
 does

00:43:46.359 --> 00:43:46.639
 things

00:43:46.639 --> 00:43:46.839
 like

00:43:46.839 --> 00:43:47.099
 this

00:43:47.099 --> 00:43:47.279
 where

00:43:47.279 --> 00:43:47.599
 Jesus

00:43:47.599 --> 00:43:47.859
 is

00:43:47.859 --> 00:43:48.199
 not

00:43:48.199 --> 00:43:48.759
 he's

00:43:48.759 --> 00:43:49.000
 not

00:43:49.000 --> 00:43:49.199
 the

00:43:49.199 --> 00:43:49.519
 carnival

00:43:49.519 --> 00:43:49.739
 come

00:43:49.739 --> 00:43:49.879
 to

00:43:49.879 --> 00:43:50.179
 town

00:43:50.179 --> 00:43:50.460
 he's

00:43:50.460 --> 00:43:50.599
 not

00:43:50.599 --> 00:43:50.719
 a

00:43:50.719 --> 00:43:50.980
 wonder

00:43:50.980 --> 00:43:51.339
 worker

00:43:51.339 --> 00:43:51.980
 he's

00:43:51.980 --> 00:43:52.179
 not

00:43:52.179 --> 00:43:52.460
 here

00:43:52.460 --> 00:43:52.659
 to

00:43:52.659 --> 00:43:52.899
 just

00:43:52.899 --> 00:43:53.480
 do

00:43:53.480 --> 00:43:54.139
 miracles

00:43:54.139 --> 00:43:54.359
 at

00:43:54.359 --> 00:43:54.599
 the

00:43:54.599 --> 00:43:55.179
 snap

00:43:55.179 --> 00:43:55.419
 of

00:43:55.419 --> 00:43:55.799
 someone's

00:43:55.799 --> 00:43:56.119
 fingers

00:43:56.119 --> 00:43:56.399
 that

00:43:56.399 --> 00:43:56.599
 he's

00:43:56.599 --> 00:43:56.739
 there

00:43:56.739 --> 00:43:56.919
 to

00:43:56.919 --> 00:43:57.379
 build

00:43:57.379 --> 00:43:58.019
 faith

00:43:58.019 --> 00:43:58.299
 in

00:43:58.299 --> 00:43:58.659
 God

00:43:58.659 --> 00:43:59.159
 and

00:43:59.159 --> 00:43:59.440
 call

00:43:59.440 --> 00:43:59.699
 people

00:43:59.699 --> 00:43:59.879
 to

00:43:59.879 --> 00:44:00.259
 repentance

00:44:00.259 --> 00:44:01.139
 so

00:44:01.139 --> 00:44:01.440
 Jesus

00:44:01.440 --> 00:44:01.919
 often

00:44:01.919 --> 00:44:02.239
 is a

00:44:02.239 --> 00:44:02.379
 little

00:44:02.379 --> 00:44:02.859
 cagey

00:44:02.859 --> 00:44:03.039
 with

00:44:03.039 --> 00:44:03.219
 his

00:44:03.219 --> 00:44:03.599
 miracles

00:44:03.599 --> 00:44:04.500
 and

00:44:04.500 --> 00:44:05.179
 Nino

00:44:05.179 --> 00:44:05.539
 was

00:44:05.539 --> 00:44:05.980
 too

00:44:05.980 --> 00:44:06.759
 and

00:44:06.759 --> 00:44:07.119
 so

00:44:07.119 --> 00:44:07.759
 after

00:44:07.759 --> 00:44:08.039
 she

00:44:08.039 --> 00:44:08.659
 declined

00:44:08.659 --> 00:44:10.059
 the

00:44:10.059 --> 00:44:10.359
 queen

00:44:10.359 --> 00:44:10.639
 quote

00:44:10.639 --> 00:44:11.000
 ordered

00:44:11.000 --> 00:44:11.239
 that

00:44:11.239 --> 00:44:11.440
 she

00:44:11.440 --> 00:44:11.919
 herself

00:44:11.919 --> 00:44:12.139
 be

00:44:12.139 --> 00:44:12.440
 brought

00:44:12.440 --> 00:44:12.659
 to

00:44:12.659 --> 00:44:12.799
 the

00:44:12.799 --> 00:44:13.319
 captive's

00:44:13.319 --> 00:44:13.619
 hovel

00:44:13.619 --> 00:44:14.519
 and

00:44:14.519 --> 00:44:14.779
 having

00:44:14.779 --> 00:44:15.299
 placed

00:44:15.299 --> 00:44:15.859
 herself

00:44:15.859 --> 00:44:16.139
 on

00:44:16.139 --> 00:44:16.279
 the

00:44:16.279 --> 00:44:16.699
 ground

00:44:16.699 --> 00:44:18.579
 the

00:44:18.579 --> 00:44:19.119
 captive

00:44:19.119 --> 00:44:19.500
 that's

00:44:19.500 --> 00:44:19.799
 Nino

00:44:19.799 --> 00:44:20.419
 invoked

00:44:20.419 --> 00:44:21.059
 Christ's

00:44:21.059 --> 00:44:21.319
 name

00:44:21.319 --> 00:44:21.539
 and

00:44:21.539 --> 00:44:21.739
 no

00:44:21.739 --> 00:44:22.159
 sooner

00:44:22.159 --> 00:44:22.719
 was

00:44:22.719 --> 00:44:22.899
 her

00:44:22.899 --> 00:44:23.139
 prayer

00:44:23.139 --> 00:44:23.519
 done

00:44:23.519 --> 00:44:24.419
 than

00:44:24.419 --> 00:44:24.579
 the

00:44:24.579 --> 00:44:24.819
 queen

00:44:24.819 --> 00:44:25.159
 stood

00:44:25.159 --> 00:44:25.360
 up

00:44:25.360 --> 00:44:25.799
 healthy

00:44:25.799 --> 00:44:26.139
 and

00:44:26.139 --> 00:44:26.579
 vigorous

00:44:26.579 --> 00:44:27.480
 and

00:44:27.480 --> 00:44:27.719
 Nino

00:44:27.719 --> 00:44:28.099
 taught

00:44:28.099 --> 00:44:28.239
 her

00:44:28.239 --> 00:44:28.420
 that

00:44:28.420 --> 00:44:28.519
 it

00:44:28.519 --> 00:44:28.679
 was

00:44:28.679 --> 00:44:29.259
 Christ

00:44:29.259 --> 00:44:29.980
 the

00:44:29.980 --> 00:44:30.219
 son

00:44:30.219 --> 00:44:30.380
 of

00:44:30.380 --> 00:44:30.619
 God

00:44:30.619 --> 00:44:30.900
 most

00:44:30.900 --> 00:44:31.299
 high

00:44:31.299 --> 00:44:31.779
 who

00:44:31.779 --> 00:44:31.920
 had

00:44:31.920 --> 00:44:32.360
 conferred

00:44:32.360 --> 00:44:32.699
 healing

00:44:32.699 --> 00:44:33.039
 upon

00:44:33.039 --> 00:44:33.279
 her

00:44:33.279 --> 00:44:33.679
 and

00:44:33.679 --> 00:44:33.860
 Nino

00:44:33.860 --> 00:44:34.360
 advised

00:44:34.360 --> 00:44:34.599
 her

00:44:34.599 --> 00:44:35.000
 to

00:44:35.000 --> 00:44:35.579
 invoke

00:44:35.579 --> 00:44:36.139
 Christ

00:44:36.139 --> 00:44:36.400
 whom

00:44:36.400 --> 00:44:36.679
 she

00:44:36.679 --> 00:44:36.960
 should

00:44:36.960 --> 00:44:37.159
 know

00:44:37.159 --> 00:44:37.340
 to

00:44:37.340 --> 00:44:37.460
 be

00:44:37.460 --> 00:44:37.659
 the

00:44:37.659 --> 00:44:37.940
 author

00:44:37.940 --> 00:44:38.159
 of

00:44:38.159 --> 00:44:38.299
 her

00:44:38.299 --> 00:44:38.699
 life

00:44:38.699 --> 00:44:39.239
 and

00:44:39.239 --> 00:44:39.480
 well

00:44:39.480 --> 00:44:39.819
 being

00:44:39.819 --> 00:44:41.440
 and

00:44:41.440 --> 00:44:41.559
 the

00:44:41.559 --> 00:44:41.719
 queen

00:44:41.719 --> 00:44:42.079
 returned

00:44:42.079 --> 00:44:42.299
 home

00:44:42.299 --> 00:44:42.819
 joyfully

00:44:42.819 --> 00:44:43.559
 and

00:44:43.559 --> 00:44:43.699
 the

00:44:43.699 --> 00:44:43.920
 king

00:44:43.920 --> 00:44:44.079
 is

00:44:44.079 --> 00:44:44.360
 wondering

00:44:44.360 --> 00:44:44.679
 what's

00:44:44.679 --> 00:44:44.880
 going

00:44:44.880 --> 00:44:45.279
 on

00:44:45.279 --> 00:44:45.920
 and

00:44:45.920 --> 00:44:46.340
 she

00:44:46.340 --> 00:44:46.739
 says

00:44:46.739 --> 00:44:47.719
 I

00:44:47.719 --> 00:44:47.980
 was

00:44:47.980 --> 00:44:48.259
 healed

00:44:48.259 --> 00:44:48.460
 by

00:44:48.460 --> 00:44:48.719
 this

00:44:48.719 --> 00:44:49.099
 slave

00:44:49.099 --> 00:44:49.420
 woman

00:44:49.420 --> 00:44:50.159
 and

00:44:54.579 --> 00:44:54.779
 gold

00:44:54.779 --> 00:44:54.960
 or

00:44:54.960 --> 00:44:55.380
 silver

00:44:55.380 --> 00:44:55.619
 or

00:44:55.619 --> 00:44:55.940
 something

00:44:55.940 --> 00:44:56.659
 and

00:44:56.659 --> 00:44:57.139
 the

00:44:57.139 --> 00:44:57.579
 queen

00:44:57.579 --> 00:44:58.000
 said

00:44:58.000 --> 00:44:58.319
 that

00:44:58.319 --> 00:44:58.799
 no

00:44:58.799 --> 00:44:59.039
 she

00:44:59.039 --> 00:44:59.299
 doesn't

00:44:59.299 --> 00:44:59.559
 want

00:44:59.559 --> 00:44:59.799
 any

00:44:59.799 --> 00:44:59.960
 of

00:44:59.960 --> 00:45:00.139
 these

00:45:00.139 --> 00:45:00.519
 she

00:45:00.519 --> 00:45:01.279
 despises

00:45:01.279 --> 00:45:01.860
 gold

00:45:01.860 --> 00:45:02.340
 and

00:45:02.340 --> 00:45:02.880
 silver

00:45:02.880 --> 00:45:03.739
 this

00:45:03.739 --> 00:45:04.360
 alone

00:45:04.360 --> 00:45:04.639
 may

00:45:04.639 --> 00:45:04.860
 we

00:45:04.860 --> 00:45:05.079
 give

00:45:05.079 --> 00:45:05.259
 her

00:45:05.259 --> 00:45:05.460
 as

00:45:05.460 --> 00:45:05.599
 a

00:45:05.599 --> 00:45:05.920
 gift

00:45:05.920 --> 00:45:06.759
 that

00:45:06.759 --> 00:45:06.920
 we

00:45:06.920 --> 00:45:07.380
 worship

00:45:07.380 --> 00:45:08.239
 Christ

00:45:08.239 --> 00:45:09.259
 who

00:45:09.259 --> 00:45:09.599
 cured

00:45:09.599 --> 00:45:09.880
 me

00:45:09.880 --> 00:45:10.940
 but

00:45:10.940 --> 00:45:11.400
 Rufina

00:45:11.400 --> 00:45:11.799
 says

00:45:11.799 --> 00:45:12.039
 that

00:45:12.039 --> 00:45:12.219
 the

00:45:12.219 --> 00:45:12.440
 king

00:45:12.440 --> 00:45:12.619
 was

00:45:12.619 --> 00:45:12.900
 not

00:45:12.900 --> 00:45:13.440
 inclined

00:45:13.440 --> 00:45:13.719
 to

00:45:13.719 --> 00:45:13.880
 do

00:45:13.880 --> 00:45:14.159
 so

00:45:14.159 --> 00:45:15.000
 and

00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:15.559
 he

00:45:15.559 --> 00:45:15.799
 put

00:45:15.799 --> 00:45:15.940
 it

00:45:15.940 --> 00:45:16.219
 off

00:45:16.219 --> 00:45:16.360
 he

00:45:16.360 --> 00:45:16.519
 went

00:45:16.519 --> 00:45:16.639
 on

00:45:16.639 --> 00:45:16.739
 a

00:45:16.739 --> 00:45:17.000
 hunting

00:45:17.000 --> 00:45:17.420
 trip

00:45:17.420 --> 00:45:18.039
 and

00:45:18.039 --> 00:45:18.319
 he

00:45:18.319 --> 00:45:18.579
 was

00:45:18.579 --> 00:45:19.139
 trapped

00:45:19.139 --> 00:45:20.119
 somewhere

00:45:20.119 --> 00:45:20.519
 in the

00:45:20.519 --> 00:45:20.719
 deep

00:45:20.719 --> 00:45:21.279
 forest

00:45:21.279 --> 00:45:21.679
 a

00:45:21.679 --> 00:45:22.079
 storm

00:45:22.079 --> 00:45:22.579
 drew

00:45:22.579 --> 00:45:22.900
 in

00:45:22.900 --> 00:45:23.059
 it

00:45:23.059 --> 00:45:23.219
 was

00:45:23.219 --> 00:45:23.579
 terrible

00:45:23.579 --> 00:45:23.900
 dark

00:45:23.900 --> 00:45:24.039
 he

00:45:24.039 --> 00:45:24.239
 got

00:45:24.239 --> 00:45:24.819
 lost

00:45:24.819 --> 00:45:25.880
 each

00:45:25.880 --> 00:45:26.000
 of

00:45:26.000 --> 00:45:26.139
 his

00:45:26.139 --> 00:45:26.799
 companions

00:45:26.799 --> 00:45:27.400
 Rufina

00:45:27.400 --> 00:45:27.759
 says

00:45:27.759 --> 00:45:28.319
 wandered

00:45:28.319 --> 00:45:28.719
 away

00:45:28.719 --> 00:45:28.940
 and

00:45:28.940 --> 00:45:29.079
 he

00:45:29.079 --> 00:45:29.259
 was

00:45:29.259 --> 00:45:29.679
 alone

00:45:29.679 --> 00:45:30.500
 and

00:45:30.500 --> 00:45:31.639
 he

00:45:31.639 --> 00:45:31.840
 did

00:45:31.840 --> 00:45:32.019
 not

00:45:32.019 --> 00:45:32.179
 know

00:45:32.179 --> 00:45:32.340
 what

00:45:32.340 --> 00:45:32.460
 to

00:45:32.460 --> 00:45:32.619
 do

00:45:32.619 --> 00:45:32.759
 or

00:45:32.759 --> 00:45:32.880
 where

00:45:32.880 --> 00:45:33.039
 to

00:45:33.039 --> 00:45:33.279
 turn

00:45:33.279 --> 00:45:33.679
 Rufina

00:45:33.679 --> 00:45:34.099
 says

00:45:34.099 --> 00:45:34.279
 that

00:45:34.279 --> 00:45:34.440
 there

00:45:34.440 --> 00:45:34.860
 arose

00:45:34.860 --> 00:45:35.059
 in

00:45:35.059 --> 00:45:35.239
 his

00:45:35.239 --> 00:45:35.679
 heart

00:45:35.679 --> 00:45:37.319
 when

00:45:37.319 --> 00:45:37.480
 he

00:45:37.480 --> 00:45:37.679
 was

00:45:37.679 --> 00:45:37.940
 near

00:45:37.940 --> 00:45:38.119
 to

00:45:38.119 --> 00:45:38.400
 losing

00:45:38.400 --> 00:45:38.860
 hope

00:45:38.860 --> 00:45:39.440
 that

00:45:39.440 --> 00:45:39.659
 if

00:45:39.659 --> 00:45:39.860
 the

00:45:39.860 --> 00:45:40.219
 Christ

00:45:40.219 --> 00:45:40.659
 preached

00:45:40.659 --> 00:45:40.880
 to

00:45:40.880 --> 00:45:41.079
 his

00:45:41.079 --> 00:45:41.360
 wife

00:45:41.360 --> 00:45:41.579
 by

00:45:41.579 --> 00:45:41.719
 the

00:45:41.719 --> 00:45:41.920
 woman

00:45:41.920 --> 00:45:42.340
 captive

00:45:42.340 --> 00:45:42.779
 were

00:45:42.779 --> 00:45:43.199
 really

00:45:43.199 --> 00:45:43.699
 God

00:45:43.699 --> 00:45:44.759
 that

00:45:44.759 --> 00:45:45.279
 he

00:45:45.279 --> 00:45:46.079
 might

00:45:46.079 --> 00:45:46.420
 free

00:45:46.420 --> 00:45:46.799
 him

00:45:46.799 --> 00:45:47.000
 the

00:45:47.000 --> 00:45:47.319
 king

00:45:47.319 --> 00:45:47.659
 from

00:45:47.659 --> 00:45:47.900
 this

00:45:47.900 --> 00:45:48.319
 darkness

00:45:48.320 --> 00:45:49.600
 and

00:45:49.600 --> 00:45:49.800
 no

00:45:49.800 --> 00:45:50.100
 sooner

00:45:50.100 --> 00:45:50.360
 had

00:45:50.360 --> 00:45:50.539
 he

00:45:50.539 --> 00:45:51.080
 vowed

00:45:51.080 --> 00:45:52.200
 this

00:45:52.200 --> 00:45:53.260
 not

00:45:53.260 --> 00:45:53.500
 even

00:45:53.500 --> 00:45:53.880
 verbally

00:45:53.880 --> 00:45:54.100
 but

00:45:54.100 --> 00:45:54.320
 only

00:45:54.320 --> 00:45:54.720
 mentally

00:45:54.720 --> 00:45:54.980
 than

00:45:54.980 --> 00:45:55.180
 the

00:45:55.180 --> 00:45:55.559
 daylight

00:45:55.559 --> 00:45:56.140
 returned

00:45:56.140 --> 00:45:56.340
 to

00:45:56.340 --> 00:45:56.480
 the

00:45:56.480 --> 00:45:56.840
 world

00:45:56.840 --> 00:45:57.420
 and

00:45:57.420 --> 00:45:57.720
 guided

00:45:57.720 --> 00:45:57.920
 the

00:45:57.920 --> 00:45:58.100
 king

00:45:58.100 --> 00:45:58.519
 safely

00:45:58.519 --> 00:45:58.720
 to

00:45:58.720 --> 00:45:58.900
 the

00:45:58.900 --> 00:45:59.160
 city

00:45:59.160 --> 00:45:59.820
 and

00:45:59.820 --> 00:45:59.940
 he

00:45:59.940 --> 00:46:00.360
 explained

00:46:00.360 --> 00:46:00.760
 directly

00:46:00.760 --> 00:46:00.940
 to

00:46:00.940 --> 00:46:01.080
 the

00:46:01.080 --> 00:46:01.320
 queen

00:46:01.320 --> 00:46:01.519
 what

00:46:01.519 --> 00:46:01.640
 had

00:46:01.640 --> 00:46:02.019
 happened

00:46:02.019 --> 00:46:02.680
 and

00:46:02.680 --> 00:46:02.800
 he

00:46:02.800 --> 00:46:03.300
 required

00:46:03.300 --> 00:46:03.559
 that

00:46:03.559 --> 00:46:03.720
 the

00:46:03.720 --> 00:46:03.960
 woman

00:46:03.960 --> 00:46:04.380
 captive

00:46:04.380 --> 00:46:04.640
 be

00:46:04.640 --> 00:46:04.920
 summoned

00:46:04.920 --> 00:46:05.140
 at

00:46:05.140 --> 00:46:05.519
 once

00:46:05.519 --> 00:46:06.320
 and

00:46:06.320 --> 00:46:08.380
 so

00:46:08.380 --> 00:46:08.539
 that

00:46:08.539 --> 00:46:08.780
 she

00:46:08.780 --> 00:46:09.100
 might

00:46:09.100 --> 00:46:09.440
 tell

00:46:09.440 --> 00:46:09.760
 them

00:46:09.760 --> 00:46:10.300
 how

00:46:10.300 --> 00:46:11.180
 she

00:46:11.180 --> 00:46:11.880
 worships

00:46:11.880 --> 00:46:13.620
 and

00:46:13.620 --> 00:46:13.780
 then

00:46:13.780 --> 00:46:14.039
 after

00:46:14.039 --> 00:46:14.260
 that

00:46:14.260 --> 00:46:14.700
 happens

00:46:14.700 --> 00:46:15.300
 the

00:46:15.300 --> 00:46:15.500
 king

00:46:15.500 --> 00:46:15.800
 called

00:46:15.800 --> 00:46:16.140
 together

00:46:16.140 --> 00:46:16.360
 his

00:46:16.360 --> 00:46:16.720
 people

00:46:16.720 --> 00:46:16.980
 he

00:46:16.980 --> 00:46:17.500
 explained

00:46:17.500 --> 00:46:17.660
 the

00:46:17.659 --> 00:46:17.879
 matter

00:46:17.879 --> 00:46:18.119
 from

00:46:18.119 --> 00:46:18.259
 the

00:46:18.259 --> 00:46:18.539
 beginning

00:46:18.539 --> 00:46:18.719
 and

00:46:18.719 --> 00:46:18.839
 what

00:46:18.839 --> 00:46:19.099
 happened

00:46:19.099 --> 00:46:19.239
 to

00:46:19.239 --> 00:46:19.420
 them

00:46:19.420 --> 00:46:19.920
 and

00:46:19.920 --> 00:46:20.299
 taught

00:46:20.299 --> 00:46:20.739
 them

00:46:20.739 --> 00:46:21.500
 the

00:46:21.500 --> 00:46:21.960
 faith

00:46:21.960 --> 00:46:22.639
 and

00:46:22.639 --> 00:46:22.799
 a

00:46:22.799 --> 00:46:23.079
 church

00:46:23.079 --> 00:46:23.319
 was

00:46:23.319 --> 00:46:23.579
 put

00:46:23.579 --> 00:46:23.839
 up

00:46:23.839 --> 00:46:24.799
 without

00:46:24.799 --> 00:46:25.259
 delay

00:46:25.259 --> 00:46:26.420
 Nino

00:46:26.420 --> 00:46:27.099
 is

00:46:27.099 --> 00:46:28.000
 revered

00:46:28.000 --> 00:46:28.259
 in

00:46:28.259 --> 00:46:28.639
 Georgian

00:46:28.639 --> 00:46:29.039
 history

00:46:29.039 --> 00:46:29.519
 as

00:46:29.519 --> 00:46:30.000
 she's

00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:30.199
 often

00:46:30.199 --> 00:46:30.460
 called

00:46:30.460 --> 00:46:30.639
 the

00:46:30.639 --> 00:46:31.019
 apostle

00:46:31.019 --> 00:46:31.279
 to

00:46:31.279 --> 00:46:31.420
 the

00:46:31.420 --> 00:46:31.960
 Georgians

00:46:31.960 --> 00:46:32.219
 the

00:46:32.219 --> 00:46:32.500
 missionary

00:46:32.500 --> 00:46:32.719
 to

00:46:32.719 --> 00:46:32.839
 the

00:46:32.839 --> 00:46:33.259
 Georgians

00:46:33.259 --> 00:46:33.940
 and

00:46:33.940 --> 00:46:34.420
 from

00:46:34.420 --> 00:46:34.779
 that

00:46:34.779 --> 00:46:35.259
 day

00:46:35.259 --> 00:46:35.920
 to

00:46:35.920 --> 00:46:36.159
 this

00:46:36.159 --> 00:46:36.519
 day

00:46:36.519 --> 00:46:37.059
 Georgia

00:46:37.059 --> 00:46:37.299
 is

00:46:37.299 --> 00:46:37.539
 still

00:46:37.539 --> 00:46:37.699
 a

00:46:37.699 --> 00:46:37.940
 Christian

00:46:37.940 --> 00:46:38.399
 country

00:46:38.399 --> 00:46:39.179
 and

00:46:39.179 --> 00:46:39.339
 that

00:46:39.339 --> 00:46:39.500
 was

00:46:39.500 --> 00:46:39.779
 around

00:46:39.779 --> 00:46:40.619
 330

00:46:40.619 --> 00:46:41.259
 or

00:46:41.259 --> 00:46:41.539
 so

00:46:41.539 --> 00:46:42.199
 340

00:46:42.199 --> 00:46:43.099
 AD

00:46:43.099 --> 00:46:44.940
 Nino

00:46:44.940 --> 00:46:45.099
 is

00:46:45.099 --> 00:46:45.219
 the

00:46:45.219 --> 00:46:45.500
 patron

00:46:45.500 --> 00:46:45.759
 saint

00:46:45.759 --> 00:46:45.940
 of

00:46:45.940 --> 00:46:46.259
 Georgia

00:46:46.260 --> 00:46:48.320
 well

00:46:48.320 --> 00:46:48.560
 we've

00:46:48.560 --> 00:46:48.780
 talked

00:46:48.780 --> 00:46:49.200
 about

00:46:49.200 --> 00:46:50.120
 martyrs

00:46:50.120 --> 00:46:50.280
 and

00:46:50.280 --> 00:46:50.900
 missionaries

00:46:50.900 --> 00:46:51.680
 and

00:46:51.680 --> 00:46:52.200
 empresses

00:46:52.200 --> 00:46:53.080
 I want

00:46:53.080 --> 00:46:53.560
 to turn

00:46:53.560 --> 00:46:53.820
 now

00:46:53.820 --> 00:46:54.000
 though

00:46:54.000 --> 00:46:54.360
 to talk

00:46:54.360 --> 00:46:54.660
 about

00:46:54.660 --> 00:46:55.160
 poets

00:46:55.160 --> 00:46:57.220
 and

00:46:57.220 --> 00:46:57.420
 I

00:46:57.420 --> 00:46:57.800
 speak

00:46:57.800 --> 00:46:58.280
 of

00:46:58.280 --> 00:46:58.620
 a

00:46:58.620 --> 00:46:58.840
 woman

00:46:58.840 --> 00:46:59.240
 named

00:46:59.240 --> 00:47:00.020
 Faltonia

00:47:00.020 --> 00:47:00.960
 Batisha

00:47:00.960 --> 00:47:01.460
 Proba

00:47:01.460 --> 00:47:03.760
 she

00:47:03.760 --> 00:47:04.380
 lived

00:47:04.380 --> 00:47:05.420
 between

00:47:05.420 --> 00:47:06.020
 300

00:47:06.020 --> 00:47:06.300
 and

00:47:06.300 --> 00:47:07.240
 360

00:47:07.240 --> 00:47:07.920
 or so

00:47:07.920 --> 00:47:08.280
 AD

00:47:08.280 --> 00:47:09.220
 she

00:47:09.220 --> 00:47:09.460
 was

00:47:09.460 --> 00:47:09.860
 from

00:47:09.860 --> 00:47:10.100
 a

00:47:10.100 --> 00:47:10.320
 very

00:47:10.320 --> 00:47:10.560
 well

00:47:10.560 --> 00:47:10.700
 to

00:47:10.700 --> 00:47:10.820
 do

00:47:10.820 --> 00:47:11.240
 family

00:47:11.240 --> 00:47:11.680
 her

00:47:11.680 --> 00:47:12.100
 father

00:47:12.100 --> 00:47:12.380
 was

00:47:12.380 --> 00:47:12.980
 consul

00:47:12.980 --> 00:47:13.300
 that's

00:47:13.300 --> 00:47:13.460
 like

00:47:13.460 --> 00:47:13.700
 number

00:47:13.700 --> 00:47:14.080
 two

00:47:14.080 --> 00:47:14.280
 in

00:47:14.280 --> 00:47:14.400
 the

00:47:14.400 --> 00:47:14.820
 empire

00:47:14.820 --> 00:47:15.700
 her

00:47:15.700 --> 00:47:16.300
 grandfather

00:47:16.300 --> 00:47:16.800
 also

00:47:16.800 --> 00:47:17.059
 had

00:47:17.059 --> 00:47:17.240
 been

00:47:17.240 --> 00:47:17.800
 consul

00:47:17.800 --> 00:47:18.380
 she

00:47:18.380 --> 00:47:19.140
 married

00:47:19.140 --> 00:47:19.480
 into

00:47:19.480 --> 00:47:19.700
 a

00:47:19.700 --> 00:47:20.080
 powerful

00:47:20.080 --> 00:47:20.539
 family

00:47:20.539 --> 00:47:20.780
 she

00:47:20.780 --> 00:47:21.000
 had

00:47:21.000 --> 00:47:21.240
 two

00:47:21.240 --> 00:47:21.700
 sons

00:47:21.700 --> 00:47:21.900
 who

00:47:21.900 --> 00:47:22.059
 were

00:47:22.059 --> 00:47:22.720
 high

00:47:22.720 --> 00:47:23.140
 ranking

00:47:23.140 --> 00:47:23.800
 her

00:47:23.800 --> 00:47:24.260
 family

00:47:24.260 --> 00:47:24.740
 was

00:47:24.740 --> 00:47:25.220
 pagan

00:47:25.220 --> 00:47:25.940
 but

00:47:25.940 --> 00:47:26.240
 she

00:47:26.240 --> 00:47:26.720
 converted

00:47:26.720 --> 00:47:27.000
 to

00:47:27.000 --> 00:47:27.660
 christianity

00:47:27.660 --> 00:47:27.960
 as

00:47:27.960 --> 00:47:28.080
 an

00:47:28.080 --> 00:47:28.400
 adult

00:47:28.400 --> 00:47:28.980
 and

00:47:28.980 --> 00:47:29.260
 her

00:47:29.260 --> 00:47:30.019
 husband

00:47:30.019 --> 00:47:30.380
 and

00:47:30.380 --> 00:47:30.519
 her

00:47:30.519 --> 00:47:30.780
 two

00:47:30.780 --> 00:47:31.160
 sons

00:47:31.160 --> 00:47:31.580
 joined

00:47:31.580 --> 00:47:31.840
 her

00:47:31.840 --> 00:47:32.500
 we

00:47:32.500 --> 00:47:32.860
 know

00:47:32.860 --> 00:47:33.120
 of

00:47:33.120 --> 00:47:33.440
 Proba

00:47:33.440 --> 00:47:33.780
 almost

00:47:33.780 --> 00:47:34.440
 exclusively

00:47:34.440 --> 00:47:34.760
 from

00:47:34.760 --> 00:47:34.940
 a

00:47:34.940 --> 00:47:35.220
 poem

00:47:35.220 --> 00:47:35.740
 that

00:47:35.740 --> 00:47:35.960
 she

00:47:35.960 --> 00:47:36.300
 wrote

00:47:36.300 --> 00:47:37.640
 it's

00:47:37.640 --> 00:47:37.940
 called

00:47:37.940 --> 00:47:38.240
 the

00:47:38.240 --> 00:47:38.780
 this

00:47:38.780 --> 00:47:38.920
 is

00:47:38.920 --> 00:47:39.180
 a

00:47:39.180 --> 00:47:40.240
 illuminated

00:47:40.240 --> 00:47:40.760
 manuscript

00:47:40.760 --> 00:47:41.160
 of

00:47:41.160 --> 00:47:41.320
 the

00:47:41.320 --> 00:47:41.600
 poem

00:47:41.600 --> 00:47:41.840
 and

00:47:41.840 --> 00:47:42.120
 that's

00:47:42.120 --> 00:47:42.400
 her

00:47:42.400 --> 00:47:42.840
 there

00:47:42.840 --> 00:47:44.120
 and

00:47:44.120 --> 00:47:45.120
 the

00:47:45.120 --> 00:47:45.400
 poem

00:47:45.400 --> 00:47:45.660
 is

00:47:45.660 --> 00:47:46.059
 called

00:47:46.059 --> 00:47:46.640
 the

00:47:46.640 --> 00:47:47.120
 Cento

00:47:47.120 --> 00:47:47.900
 Virgilianus

00:47:47.900 --> 00:47:48.059
 de

00:47:48.059 --> 00:47:48.500
 Laudibus

00:47:48.500 --> 00:47:48.960
 Christi

00:47:48.960 --> 00:47:49.220
 or

00:47:49.220 --> 00:47:49.440
 a

00:47:49.440 --> 00:47:50.059
 Virgilian

00:47:50.059 --> 00:47:50.600
 Cento

00:47:50.600 --> 00:47:51.440
 concerning

00:47:51.440 --> 00:47:51.680
 the

00:47:51.680 --> 00:47:51.960
 glory

00:47:51.960 --> 00:47:52.160
 of

00:47:52.160 --> 00:47:52.519
 Christ

00:47:52.519 --> 00:47:53.160
 and

00:47:53.160 --> 00:47:53.519
 what

00:47:53.519 --> 00:47:53.720
 she

00:47:53.720 --> 00:47:54.039
 did

00:47:54.039 --> 00:47:54.220
 in

00:47:54.220 --> 00:47:54.400
 this

00:47:54.400 --> 00:47:54.700
 poem

00:47:54.700 --> 00:47:54.880
 it

00:47:54.880 --> 00:47:55.100
 sounds

00:47:55.100 --> 00:47:55.260
 a

00:47:55.260 --> 00:47:55.400
 little

00:47:55.400 --> 00:47:55.840
 strange

00:47:55.840 --> 00:47:56.039
 to

00:47:56.039 --> 00:47:56.220
 us

00:47:56.220 --> 00:47:56.360
 but

00:47:56.360 --> 00:47:56.440
 it

00:47:56.440 --> 00:47:56.559
 was

00:47:56.559 --> 00:47:56.740
 very

00:47:56.740 --> 00:47:57.160
 normal

00:47:57.160 --> 00:47:57.640
 in

00:47:57.640 --> 00:47:57.740
 the

00:47:57.740 --> 00:47:57.920
 ancient

00:47:57.920 --> 00:47:58.180
 world

00:47:58.180 --> 00:47:58.380
 what

00:47:58.380 --> 00:47:58.539
 she

00:47:58.539 --> 00:47:58.820
 did

00:47:58.820 --> 00:47:59.059
 is

00:47:59.059 --> 00:47:59.539
 she

00:47:59.539 --> 00:47:59.780
 took

00:47:59.780 --> 00:47:59.960
 the

00:47:59.960 --> 00:48:00.280
 epic

00:48:00.280 --> 00:48:00.600
 Roman

00:48:00.600 --> 00:48:00.960
 poet

00:48:00.960 --> 00:48:01.400
 Virgil

00:48:01.400 --> 00:48:01.780
 Virgil

00:48:01.780 --> 00:48:01.980
 had

00:48:01.980 --> 00:48:02.240
 written

00:48:02.240 --> 00:48:02.500
 about

00:48:02.500 --> 00:48:02.920
 300

00:48:02.920 --> 00:48:03.280
 years

00:48:03.280 --> 00:48:03.640
 earlier

00:48:03.640 --> 00:48:03.920
 he

00:48:03.920 --> 00:48:04.180
 died

00:48:04.180 --> 00:48:04.340
 in

00:48:04.340 --> 00:48:04.660
 40

00:48:04.660 --> 00:48:05.019
 BC

00:48:05.019 --> 00:48:05.660
 he

00:48:05.660 --> 00:48:05.880
 was

00:48:05.880 --> 00:48:06.059
 like

00:48:06.059 --> 00:48:06.199
 the

00:48:06.199 --> 00:48:06.460
 poet

00:48:06.460 --> 00:48:06.860
 laureate

00:48:06.860 --> 00:48:06.960
 of

00:48:06.960 --> 00:48:07.079
 the

00:48:07.079 --> 00:48:07.259
 Roman

00:48:07.259 --> 00:48:07.739
 Empire

00:48:07.739 --> 00:48:08.400
 the

00:48:08.400 --> 00:48:09.059
 patron

00:48:09.059 --> 00:48:10.699
 of

00:48:10.699 --> 00:48:11.279
 Roman

00:48:11.279 --> 00:48:11.900
 paganism

00:48:11.900 --> 00:48:12.179
 and

00:48:12.179 --> 00:48:12.360
 Roman

00:48:12.360 --> 00:48:12.759
 culture

00:48:12.759 --> 00:48:13.380
 this

00:48:13.380 --> 00:48:14.059
 brilliant

00:48:14.059 --> 00:48:14.480
 poet

00:48:14.480 --> 00:48:15.400
 of course

00:48:15.400 --> 00:48:15.759
 his most

00:48:15.759 --> 00:48:16.000
 famous

00:48:16.000 --> 00:48:16.400
 work is

00:48:16.400 --> 00:48:16.559
 the

00:48:16.559 --> 00:48:17.019
 Aeneid

00:48:17.019 --> 00:48:17.239
 some

00:48:17.239 --> 00:48:17.440
 of you

00:48:17.440 --> 00:48:17.579
 may

00:48:17.579 --> 00:48:17.739
 have

00:48:17.739 --> 00:48:17.900
 read

00:48:17.900 --> 00:48:18.099
 it

00:48:18.099 --> 00:48:18.739
 and

00:48:18.739 --> 00:48:19.139
 what

00:48:19.139 --> 00:48:19.460
 she

00:48:19.460 --> 00:48:19.960
 did

00:48:19.960 --> 00:48:20.259
 is

00:48:20.259 --> 00:48:20.460
 she

00:48:20.460 --> 00:48:20.920
 took

00:48:20.920 --> 00:48:21.799
 his

00:48:21.799 --> 00:48:22.480
 poetry

00:48:22.480 --> 00:48:23.519
 and

00:48:23.519 --> 00:48:25.119
 excerpted

00:48:25.119 --> 00:48:26.019
 various

00:48:26.019 --> 00:48:26.539
 phrases

00:48:26.539 --> 00:48:27.139
 from

00:48:27.139 --> 00:48:27.340
 it

00:48:27.340 --> 00:48:27.519
 and

00:48:27.519 --> 00:48:27.739
 did

00:48:27.739 --> 00:48:27.980
 some

00:48:27.980 --> 00:48:28.579
 rearranging

00:48:28.579 --> 00:48:29.159
 to

00:48:29.159 --> 00:48:29.840
 create

00:48:29.840 --> 00:48:30.179
 a

00:48:30.179 --> 00:48:30.599
 poem

00:48:30.599 --> 00:48:30.920
 to

00:48:30.920 --> 00:48:31.199
 honor

00:48:31.199 --> 00:48:31.779
 Christ

00:48:31.779 --> 00:48:32.340
 but

00:48:32.340 --> 00:48:32.539
 in

00:48:32.539 --> 00:48:32.719
 the

00:48:32.719 --> 00:48:33.259
 style

00:48:33.259 --> 00:48:33.539
 and

00:48:33.539 --> 00:48:33.739
 the

00:48:33.739 --> 00:48:34.059
 wording

00:48:34.059 --> 00:48:34.340
 of

00:48:34.340 --> 00:48:34.719
 Virgil

00:48:34.719 --> 00:48:35.519
 and

00:48:35.519 --> 00:48:36.079
 this

00:48:36.079 --> 00:48:36.319
 was

00:48:36.319 --> 00:48:36.899
 remarkable

00:48:36.899 --> 00:48:37.259
 because

00:48:37.259 --> 00:48:37.480
 it

00:48:37.480 --> 00:48:37.980
 shows

00:48:37.980 --> 00:48:38.339
 that

00:48:38.339 --> 00:48:39.059
 Christians

00:48:39.059 --> 00:48:39.319
 at

00:48:39.319 --> 00:48:39.539
 this

00:48:39.539 --> 00:48:40.019
 time

00:48:40.019 --> 00:48:40.839
 many

00:48:40.839 --> 00:48:41.019
 of

00:48:41.019 --> 00:48:41.199
 them

00:48:41.199 --> 00:48:41.500
 were

00:48:41.500 --> 00:48:41.879
 not

00:48:41.879 --> 00:48:42.679
 trying

00:48:42.679 --> 00:48:43.079
 to

00:48:43.079 --> 00:48:43.839
 reject

00:48:43.839 --> 00:48:45.199
 wholesale

00:48:45.199 --> 00:48:46.059
 Roman

00:48:46.059 --> 00:48:46.639
 culture

00:48:46.639 --> 00:48:47.379
 Greek

00:48:47.379 --> 00:48:47.799
 culture

00:48:47.799 --> 00:48:47.959
 they

00:48:47.959 --> 00:48:48.079
 were

00:48:48.079 --> 00:48:48.480
 trying

00:48:48.480 --> 00:48:48.779
 to

00:48:48.779 --> 00:48:49.339
 repurpose

00:48:49.339 --> 00:48:49.619
 it

00:48:49.619 --> 00:48:49.919
 and

00:48:49.919 --> 00:48:50.359
 adapt

00:48:50.359 --> 00:48:50.619
 it

00:48:50.619 --> 00:48:51.359
 to

00:48:51.359 --> 00:48:51.679
 the

00:48:51.679 --> 00:48:52.079
 gospel

00:48:52.079 --> 00:48:53.079
 and

00:48:53.079 --> 00:48:53.279
 so

00:48:53.279 --> 00:48:53.619
 what

00:48:53.619 --> 00:48:54.319
 Proba

00:48:54.319 --> 00:48:54.619
 did

00:48:54.619 --> 00:48:54.899
 with

00:48:54.899 --> 00:48:55.259
 great

00:48:55.259 --> 00:48:55.819
 success

00:48:55.819 --> 00:48:56.259
 was

00:48:56.259 --> 00:48:56.539
 to

00:48:56.539 --> 00:48:56.879
 make

00:48:56.879 --> 00:48:57.099
 a

00:48:57.099 --> 00:48:57.539
 poem

00:48:57.539 --> 00:48:58.299
 using

00:48:58.299 --> 00:48:58.539
 the

00:48:58.539 --> 00:48:58.779
 words

00:48:58.779 --> 00:48:58.959
 of

00:48:58.959 --> 00:48:59.279
 Virgil

00:48:59.279 --> 00:48:59.739
 but

00:48:59.739 --> 00:49:00.099
 telling

00:49:00.099 --> 00:49:00.339
 the

00:49:00.339 --> 00:49:00.659
 story

00:49:00.659 --> 00:49:00.799
 of

00:49:00.799 --> 00:49:00.919
 the

00:49:00.919 --> 00:49:01.199
 Bible

00:49:01.199 --> 00:49:01.759
 and

00:49:01.759 --> 00:49:02.019
 telling

00:49:02.019 --> 00:49:02.239
 the

00:49:02.239 --> 00:49:02.519
 story

00:49:02.519 --> 00:49:02.679
 of

00:49:02.679 --> 00:49:03.059
 Christ

00:49:03.059 --> 00:49:04.699
 and

00:49:04.699 --> 00:49:04.899
 this

00:49:04.899 --> 00:49:05.039
 would

00:49:05.039 --> 00:49:05.339
 be

00:49:05.339 --> 00:49:06.079
 if

00:49:06.079 --> 00:49:06.219
 there

00:49:06.219 --> 00:49:06.339
 was

00:49:06.339 --> 00:49:06.579
 a

00:49:06.579 --> 00:49:06.939
 hymn

00:49:06.939 --> 00:49:07.119
 that

00:49:07.119 --> 00:49:07.239
 you

00:49:07.239 --> 00:49:07.460
 really

00:49:07.460 --> 00:49:08.059
 liked

00:49:08.059 --> 00:49:08.339
 that

00:49:08.339 --> 00:49:08.519
 you

00:49:08.519 --> 00:49:09.179
 added

00:49:09.179 --> 00:49:10.099
 some

00:49:10.099 --> 00:49:10.439
 verses

00:49:10.439 --> 00:49:10.799
 to

00:49:10.799 --> 00:49:11.179
 or

00:49:11.179 --> 00:49:11.939
 if

00:49:11.939 --> 00:49:12.079
 there

00:49:12.079 --> 00:49:12.239
 was

00:49:12.239 --> 00:49:12.419
 a

00:49:12.419 --> 00:49:12.839
 song

00:49:12.839 --> 00:49:13.059
 that

00:49:13.059 --> 00:49:13.439
 was

00:49:13.439 --> 00:49:13.639
 so

00:49:13.639 --> 00:49:14.039
 beautiful

00:49:14.039 --> 00:49:14.779
 wasn't

00:49:14.779 --> 00:49:15.079
 really

00:49:15.079 --> 00:49:15.399
 about

00:49:15.399 --> 00:49:15.779
 God

00:49:15.779 --> 00:49:16.019
 but

00:49:16.019 --> 00:49:16.279
 if

00:49:16.279 --> 00:49:16.399
 you

00:49:16.399 --> 00:49:16.559
 could

00:49:16.559 --> 00:49:17.000
 rearrange

00:49:17.000 --> 00:49:17.239
 some

00:49:17.239 --> 00:49:17.659
 stuff

00:49:17.659 --> 00:49:17.839
 and

00:49:17.839 --> 00:49:18.039
 make

00:49:18.039 --> 00:49:18.159
 it

00:49:18.159 --> 00:49:18.399
 sound

00:49:18.399 --> 00:49:18.679
 great

00:49:18.679 --> 00:49:19.119
 many

00:49:19.119 --> 00:49:19.139
 many

00:49:19.139 --> 00:49:19.259
 of

00:49:19.259 --> 00:49:19.659
 hymns

00:49:19.659 --> 00:49:19.919
 come

00:49:19.919 --> 00:49:20.119
 from

00:49:20.119 --> 00:49:20.399
 folk

00:49:20.399 --> 00:49:20.779
 songs

00:49:20.779 --> 00:49:20.960
 where

00:49:20.960 --> 00:49:21.179
 people

00:49:21.179 --> 00:49:21.319
 have

00:49:21.319 --> 00:49:21.460
 done

00:49:21.460 --> 00:49:21.639
 this

00:49:21.639 --> 00:49:21.859
 very

00:49:21.859 --> 00:49:22.119
 kind

00:49:22.119 --> 00:49:22.199
 of

00:49:22.199 --> 00:49:22.399
 thing

00:49:22.399 --> 00:49:23.139
 so

00:49:23.139 --> 00:49:23.299
 I

00:49:23.299 --> 00:49:23.480
 wanted

00:49:23.480 --> 00:49:23.659
 to

00:49:23.659 --> 00:49:23.819
 just

00:49:23.819 --> 00:49:24.079
 read

00:49:24.079 --> 00:49:24.259
 you

00:49:24.259 --> 00:49:24.419
 a

00:49:24.419 --> 00:49:24.619
 quick

00:49:24.619 --> 00:49:24.719
 text

00:49:24.719 --> 00:49:25.059
 now

00:49:25.059 --> 00:49:25.379
 God

00:49:25.379 --> 00:49:25.779
 almighty

00:49:25.779 --> 00:49:26.500
 of course

00:49:26.500 --> 00:49:26.699
 it's

00:49:26.699 --> 00:49:26.859
 not

00:49:26.859 --> 00:49:27.079
 going to

00:49:27.079 --> 00:49:27.259
 sound

00:49:27.259 --> 00:49:27.679
 poetic

00:49:27.679 --> 00:49:28.039
 because

00:49:28.039 --> 00:49:28.299
 it's

00:49:28.299 --> 00:49:28.480
 in

00:49:28.480 --> 00:49:29.000
 translation

00:49:29.000 --> 00:49:29.379
 so

00:49:29.379 --> 00:49:29.659
 forgive

00:49:29.659 --> 00:49:29.940
 me

00:49:29.940 --> 00:49:30.460
 now

00:49:30.460 --> 00:49:30.759
 God

00:49:30.759 --> 00:49:31.099
 almighty

00:49:31.099 --> 00:49:31.359
 I

00:49:31.359 --> 00:49:31.619
 pray

00:49:31.619 --> 00:49:32.159
 receive

00:49:32.159 --> 00:49:32.440
 this

00:49:32.440 --> 00:49:32.799
 sacred

00:49:32.799 --> 00:49:33.359
 song

00:49:33.359 --> 00:49:34.199
 loosen

00:49:34.199 --> 00:49:34.480
 the

00:49:34.480 --> 00:49:34.759
 mouth

00:49:34.759 --> 00:49:34.940
 of

00:49:34.940 --> 00:49:35.059
 your

00:49:35.059 --> 00:49:35.639
 eternal

00:49:35.639 --> 00:49:36.359
 seven

00:49:36.359 --> 00:49:36.699
 fold

00:49:36.699 --> 00:49:37.139
 spirit

00:49:37.139 --> 00:49:37.379
 and

00:49:37.379 --> 00:49:37.699
 open

00:49:37.699 --> 00:49:37.879
 up

00:49:37.879 --> 00:49:38.079
 my

00:49:38.079 --> 00:49:38.500
 heart's

00:49:38.500 --> 00:49:38.719
 inner

00:49:38.719 --> 00:49:39.299
 chambers

00:49:39.299 --> 00:49:40.000
 in

00:49:40.000 --> 00:49:40.299
 order

00:49:40.299 --> 00:49:40.879
 that

00:49:40.880 --> 00:49:41.180
 I

00:49:41.180 --> 00:49:41.780
 proba

00:49:41.780 --> 00:49:42.320
 may

00:49:42.320 --> 00:49:42.800
 disclose

00:49:42.800 --> 00:49:43.420
 all

00:49:43.420 --> 00:49:44.000
 mysteries

00:49:44.000 --> 00:49:44.460
 of

00:49:44.460 --> 00:49:44.660
 the

00:49:44.660 --> 00:49:45.039
 poet

00:49:45.039 --> 00:49:45.579
 that's

00:49:45.579 --> 00:49:45.880
 Virgil

00:49:45.880 --> 00:49:47.240
 I

00:49:47.240 --> 00:49:47.420
 will

00:49:47.420 --> 00:49:47.880
 declare

00:49:47.880 --> 00:49:48.500
 that

00:49:48.500 --> 00:49:48.940
 Virgil

00:49:48.940 --> 00:49:49.380
 sang

00:49:49.380 --> 00:49:49.619
 about

00:49:49.619 --> 00:49:49.820
 the

00:49:49.820 --> 00:49:50.280
 pious

00:49:50.280 --> 00:49:50.820
 feats

00:49:50.820 --> 00:49:51.099
 of

00:49:51.099 --> 00:49:51.519
 Christ

00:49:51.519 --> 00:49:52.340
 I

00:49:52.340 --> 00:49:52.539
 will

00:49:52.539 --> 00:49:53.019
 relate

00:49:53.019 --> 00:49:53.380
 from

00:49:53.380 --> 00:49:53.519
 the

00:49:53.519 --> 00:49:53.860
 beginning

00:49:53.860 --> 00:49:54.519
 a

00:49:54.519 --> 00:49:55.019
 subject

00:49:55.019 --> 00:49:55.640
 known

00:49:55.640 --> 00:49:55.860
 to

00:49:55.860 --> 00:49:56.280
 all

00:49:56.280 --> 00:49:57.059
 oh

00:49:57.059 --> 00:49:57.740
 father

00:49:57.740 --> 00:49:58.240
 oh

00:49:58.240 --> 00:49:58.680
 eternal

00:49:58.680 --> 00:49:59.099
 might

00:49:59.099 --> 00:49:59.340
 over

00:49:59.340 --> 00:49:59.740
 people

00:49:59.740 --> 00:49:59.940
 and

00:49:59.940 --> 00:50:00.400
 things

00:50:00.400 --> 00:50:01.000
 make

00:50:01.000 --> 00:50:01.220
 my

00:50:01.220 --> 00:50:01.579
 path

00:50:01.579 --> 00:50:02.140
 easy

00:50:02.140 --> 00:50:02.480
 and

00:50:02.480 --> 00:50:02.960
 glide

00:50:02.960 --> 00:50:03.440
 into

00:50:03.440 --> 00:50:03.740
 our

00:50:03.740 --> 00:50:04.300
 souls

00:50:04.300 --> 00:50:05.559
 and

00:50:05.559 --> 00:50:05.860
 then she

00:50:05.860 --> 00:50:06.220
 begins

00:50:06.220 --> 00:50:06.440
 with

00:50:06.440 --> 00:50:06.820
 Genesis

00:50:06.820 --> 00:50:07.119
 she

00:50:07.119 --> 00:50:07.340
 says

00:50:07.340 --> 00:50:07.539
 in

00:50:07.539 --> 00:50:07.640
 the

00:50:07.640 --> 00:50:07.960
 beginning

00:50:07.960 --> 00:50:08.940
 for

00:50:08.940 --> 00:50:09.900
 before

00:50:09.900 --> 00:50:11.460
 there

00:50:11.460 --> 00:50:11.619
 were

00:50:11.619 --> 00:50:12.039
 fires

00:50:12.039 --> 00:50:12.260
 of

00:50:12.260 --> 00:50:12.660
 celestial

00:50:12.660 --> 00:50:13.260
 bodies

00:50:13.260 --> 00:50:14.440
 before

00:50:14.440 --> 00:50:14.780
 there

00:50:14.780 --> 00:50:14.940
 was

00:50:14.940 --> 00:50:15.340
 bright

00:50:15.340 --> 00:50:15.820
 ether

00:50:15.820 --> 00:50:16.119
 or

00:50:16.119 --> 00:50:16.460
 air

00:50:16.460 --> 00:50:17.519
 there

00:50:17.519 --> 00:50:17.660
 was

00:50:17.660 --> 00:50:17.880
 only

00:50:17.880 --> 00:50:18.380
 black

00:50:18.380 --> 00:50:18.760
 night

00:50:18.760 --> 00:50:19.320
 riding

00:50:19.320 --> 00:50:19.559
 in

00:50:19.559 --> 00:50:19.780
 its

00:50:19.780 --> 00:50:20.320
 chariot

00:50:20.320 --> 00:50:20.639
 which

00:50:20.639 --> 00:50:20.860
 held

00:50:20.860 --> 00:50:21.000
 the

00:50:21.000 --> 00:50:21.320
 heavens

00:50:21.320 --> 00:50:21.840
 and

00:50:21.840 --> 00:50:22.519
 chaos

00:50:22.519 --> 00:50:23.320
 extended

00:50:23.320 --> 00:50:24.519
 headlong

00:50:24.519 --> 00:50:25.500
 deep

00:50:25.500 --> 00:50:25.800
 into

00:50:25.800 --> 00:50:26.440
 shadows

00:50:26.440 --> 00:50:27.180
 as

00:50:27.180 --> 00:50:27.360
 the

00:50:27.360 --> 00:50:27.599
 eye

00:50:27.599 --> 00:50:28.139
 gazes

00:50:28.139 --> 00:50:28.360
 up

00:50:28.360 --> 00:50:28.539
 to

00:50:28.539 --> 00:50:29.139
 ethereal

00:50:29.139 --> 00:50:29.840
 Olympus

00:50:29.840 --> 00:50:30.059
 in

00:50:30.059 --> 00:50:30.360
 heaven

00:50:30.360 --> 00:50:31.280
 but

00:50:31.280 --> 00:50:31.579
 then

00:50:31.579 --> 00:50:31.940
 the

00:50:31.940 --> 00:50:32.240
 almighty

00:50:32.240 --> 00:50:32.700
 father

00:50:32.700 --> 00:50:33.579
 who

00:50:33.579 --> 00:50:33.800
 has

00:50:33.800 --> 00:50:34.160
 supreme

00:50:34.160 --> 00:50:34.559
 power

00:50:34.559 --> 00:50:34.820
 over

00:50:34.820 --> 00:50:35.340
 things

00:50:35.340 --> 00:50:35.980
 he

00:50:35.980 --> 00:50:36.619
 separated

00:50:36.619 --> 00:50:37.320
 the

00:50:37.320 --> 00:50:37.680
 murky

00:50:37.680 --> 00:50:38.119
 air

00:50:38.119 --> 00:50:38.660
 and

00:50:38.660 --> 00:50:39.139
 dispersed

00:50:39.139 --> 00:50:39.400
 the

00:50:39.400 --> 00:50:39.860
 shadows

00:50:39.860 --> 00:50:40.300
 and

00:50:40.300 --> 00:50:40.440
 he

00:50:40.440 --> 00:50:40.880
 divided

00:50:40.880 --> 00:50:41.120
 the

00:50:41.120 --> 00:50:41.519
 world

00:50:41.519 --> 00:50:41.760
 in

00:50:41.760 --> 00:50:42.220
 halves

00:50:42.220 --> 00:50:42.420
 for

00:50:42.420 --> 00:50:42.559
 the

00:50:42.559 --> 00:50:42.880
 light

00:50:42.880 --> 00:50:43.039
 and

00:50:43.039 --> 00:50:43.160
 for

00:50:43.160 --> 00:50:43.320
 the

00:50:43.320 --> 00:50:43.640
 shadows

00:50:43.640 --> 00:50:43.920
 as

00:50:43.920 --> 00:50:44.220
 well

00:50:44.220 --> 00:50:44.780
 and

00:50:44.780 --> 00:50:44.900
 he

00:50:44.900 --> 00:50:45.240
 observed

00:50:45.240 --> 00:50:45.460
 all

00:50:45.460 --> 00:50:45.640
 the

00:50:45.640 --> 00:50:46.099
 stars

00:50:46.099 --> 00:50:46.559
 gliding

00:50:46.559 --> 00:50:46.780
 over

00:50:46.780 --> 00:50:46.980
 the

00:50:46.980 --> 00:50:47.300
 silent

00:50:47.300 --> 00:50:47.840
 sky

00:50:47.840 --> 00:50:48.780
 turning

00:50:48.780 --> 00:50:49.000
 his

00:50:49.000 --> 00:50:49.420
 watchful

00:50:49.420 --> 00:50:49.720
 eyes

00:50:49.720 --> 00:50:49.880
 to

00:50:49.880 --> 00:50:50.039
 the

00:50:50.039 --> 00:50:50.420
 region

00:50:50.420 --> 00:50:51.440
 that

00:50:51.440 --> 00:50:51.920
 withstood

00:50:51.920 --> 00:50:52.180
 the

00:50:52.180 --> 00:50:52.420
 southern

00:50:52.420 --> 00:50:52.820
 heat

00:50:52.820 --> 00:50:53.579
 and

00:50:53.579 --> 00:50:53.760
 which

00:50:53.760 --> 00:50:54.180
 turned

00:50:54.180 --> 00:50:54.400
 its

00:50:54.400 --> 00:50:54.740
 back

00:50:54.740 --> 00:50:55.059
 towards

00:50:55.059 --> 00:50:55.220
 the

00:50:55.220 --> 00:50:55.480
 north

00:50:55.480 --> 00:50:55.920
 pole

00:50:55.920 --> 00:50:56.880
 and

00:50:56.880 --> 00:50:57.019
 when

00:50:57.019 --> 00:50:57.140
 he

00:50:57.140 --> 00:50:57.280
 had

00:50:57.280 --> 00:50:57.559
 seen

00:50:57.559 --> 00:50:57.700
 that

00:50:57.700 --> 00:50:57.880
 all

00:50:57.880 --> 00:50:58.059
 was

00:50:58.059 --> 00:50:58.480
 still

00:50:58.480 --> 00:50:58.740
 under

00:50:58.740 --> 00:50:58.920
 a

00:50:58.920 --> 00:50:59.200
 peaceful

00:50:59.200 --> 00:50:59.760
 sky

00:50:59.760 --> 00:51:00.420
 the

00:51:00.420 --> 00:51:00.820
 almighty

00:51:00.820 --> 00:51:01.180
 gave

00:51:01.180 --> 00:51:01.680
 numbers

00:51:01.680 --> 00:51:02.059
 and

00:51:02.059 --> 00:51:02.480
 names

00:51:02.480 --> 00:51:02.700
 to

00:51:02.700 --> 00:51:02.900
 the

00:51:02.900 --> 00:51:03.440
 stars

00:51:03.440 --> 00:51:04.099
 and

00:51:04.099 --> 00:51:04.440
 equally

00:51:04.440 --> 00:51:04.920
 divided

00:51:09.860 --> 00:51:11.820
 so

00:51:11.820 --> 00:51:11.920
 that

00:51:11.920 --> 00:51:12.059
 was

00:51:12.059 --> 00:51:12.260
 like

00:51:12.260 --> 00:51:12.420
 the

00:51:12.420 --> 00:51:12.660
 first

00:51:12.660 --> 00:51:13.000
 day

00:51:13.000 --> 00:51:13.160
 of

00:51:13.160 --> 00:51:13.500
 Genesis

00:51:13.500 --> 00:51:13.940
 she

00:51:13.940 --> 00:51:14.780
 did

00:51:14.780 --> 00:51:15.340
 and

00:51:15.340 --> 00:51:15.500
 then

00:51:15.500 --> 00:51:15.740
 as

00:51:15.740 --> 00:51:15.880
 she

00:51:15.880 --> 00:51:16.140
 goes

00:51:16.140 --> 00:51:16.380
 through

00:51:16.380 --> 00:51:16.599
 her

00:51:16.599 --> 00:51:16.900
 poem

00:51:16.900 --> 00:51:17.220
 she

00:51:17.220 --> 00:51:18.120
 eventually

00:51:18.120 --> 00:51:18.860
 comes

00:51:18.860 --> 00:51:19.079
 to

00:51:19.079 --> 00:51:19.400
 Jesus

00:51:19.400 --> 00:51:20.039
 she

00:51:20.039 --> 00:51:20.300
 says

00:51:20.300 --> 00:51:20.500
 now

00:51:20.500 --> 00:51:20.800
 father

00:51:20.800 --> 00:51:21.059
 I

00:51:21.059 --> 00:51:21.340
 turn

00:51:21.340 --> 00:51:21.480
 to

00:51:21.480 --> 00:51:21.640
 you

00:51:21.640 --> 00:51:21.880
 once

00:51:21.880 --> 00:51:22.240
 again

00:51:22.240 --> 00:51:22.940
 and

00:51:22.940 --> 00:51:23.059
 to

00:51:23.059 --> 00:51:23.200
 your

00:51:23.200 --> 00:51:23.500
 great

00:51:23.500 --> 00:51:24.120
 plans

00:51:24.120 --> 00:51:24.599
 I

00:51:24.599 --> 00:51:25.140
 set

00:51:25.140 --> 00:51:25.620
 a

00:51:25.620 --> 00:51:25.900
 greater

00:51:25.900 --> 00:51:26.380
 work

00:51:26.380 --> 00:51:26.599
 in

00:51:26.599 --> 00:51:27.019
 motion

00:51:27.019 --> 00:51:27.559
 I

00:51:27.559 --> 00:51:28.180
 move

00:51:28.180 --> 00:51:28.840
 towards

00:51:28.840 --> 00:51:29.059
 the

00:51:29.059 --> 00:51:29.760
 prophecies

00:51:29.760 --> 00:51:29.960
 that

00:51:29.960 --> 00:51:30.099
 were

00:51:30.099 --> 00:51:30.599
 spoken

00:51:30.599 --> 00:51:30.860
 of

00:51:30.860 --> 00:51:31.000
 of

00:51:31.000 --> 00:51:31.420
 old

00:51:31.420 --> 00:51:32.880
 for

00:51:32.880 --> 00:51:33.240
 your

00:51:33.240 --> 00:51:33.820
 child

00:51:33.820 --> 00:51:34.900
 descended

00:51:34.900 --> 00:51:35.180
 from

00:51:35.180 --> 00:51:35.519
 heaven

00:51:35.519 --> 00:51:36.140
 on

00:51:36.140 --> 00:51:36.620
 high

00:51:36.620 --> 00:51:37.760
 and

00:51:37.760 --> 00:51:37.920
 at

00:51:37.920 --> 00:51:38.260
 last

00:51:38.260 --> 00:51:38.579
 brought

00:51:38.579 --> 00:51:39.000
 aid

00:51:39.000 --> 00:51:39.260
 to

00:51:39.260 --> 00:51:39.579
 us

00:51:39.579 --> 00:51:39.779
 who

00:51:39.779 --> 00:51:40.039
 wished

00:51:40.039 --> 00:51:40.259
 for

00:51:40.259 --> 00:51:40.440
 it

00:51:40.440 --> 00:51:41.299
 with

00:51:41.299 --> 00:51:41.460
 the

00:51:41.460 --> 00:51:41.759
 advent

00:51:41.759 --> 00:51:42.000
 of

00:51:42.000 --> 00:51:42.440
 God

00:51:42.440 --> 00:51:43.679
 when

00:51:43.679 --> 00:51:44.699
 at

00:51:44.699 --> 00:51:44.980
 first

00:51:44.980 --> 00:51:45.179
 a

00:51:45.179 --> 00:51:45.440
 woman

00:51:45.440 --> 00:51:46.639
 who

00:51:46.639 --> 00:51:46.819
 had

00:51:46.819 --> 00:51:46.960
 the

00:51:46.960 --> 00:51:47.360
 appearance

00:51:47.360 --> 00:51:47.539
 of

00:51:47.539 --> 00:51:47.679
 a

00:51:47.679 --> 00:51:47.980
 maiden

00:51:47.980 --> 00:51:48.319
 this

00:51:48.319 --> 00:51:48.480
 is

00:51:48.480 --> 00:51:48.819
 Mary

00:51:48.819 --> 00:51:49.599
 gave

00:51:49.599 --> 00:51:49.880
 birth

00:51:49.880 --> 00:51:50.079
 to

00:51:50.079 --> 00:51:50.279
 a

00:51:50.279 --> 00:51:50.599
 boy

00:51:50.599 --> 00:51:51.179
 who

00:51:51.179 --> 00:51:51.360
 was

00:51:51.360 --> 00:51:51.639
 neither

00:51:51.639 --> 00:51:51.860
 of

00:51:51.860 --> 00:51:52.059
 our

00:51:52.059 --> 00:51:52.599
 race

00:51:52.599 --> 00:51:53.259
 nor

00:51:53.259 --> 00:51:53.519
 of

00:51:53.519 --> 00:51:53.699
 our

00:51:53.699 --> 00:51:54.079
 blood

00:51:54.079 --> 00:51:55.699
 she's

00:51:55.699 --> 00:51:56.139
 speaking

00:51:56.139 --> 00:51:56.420
 about

00:51:56.420 --> 00:51:56.619
 how

00:51:56.619 --> 00:51:56.900
 Jesus

00:51:56.900 --> 00:51:57.179
 was

00:51:57.179 --> 00:51:57.440
 not

00:51:57.440 --> 00:51:57.840
 Roman

00:51:57.840 --> 00:51:58.139
 he

00:51:58.139 --> 00:51:58.759
 was

00:51:58.759 --> 00:51:58.940
 not

00:51:58.940 --> 00:51:59.380
 Latin

00:51:59.380 --> 00:51:59.960
 of

00:51:59.960 --> 00:52:00.239
 Latin

00:52:00.239 --> 00:52:00.599
 descent

00:52:00.599 --> 00:52:00.799
 he

00:52:00.799 --> 00:52:00.980
 was

00:52:00.980 --> 00:52:01.119
 of

00:52:01.119 --> 00:52:01.340
 Jewish

00:52:01.340 --> 00:52:01.739
 descent

00:52:01.739 --> 00:52:04.719
 many

00:52:04.719 --> 00:52:05.239
 prophets

00:52:05.239 --> 00:52:05.639
 of old

00:52:05.639 --> 00:52:05.840
 had

00:52:05.840 --> 00:52:06.319
 sung

00:52:06.319 --> 00:52:06.519
 of

00:52:06.519 --> 00:52:06.880
 these

00:52:06.880 --> 00:52:07.480
 late

00:52:07.480 --> 00:52:07.739
 these

00:52:07.739 --> 00:52:08.119
 recent

00:52:08.119 --> 00:52:08.619
 signs

00:52:08.619 --> 00:52:08.799
 that

00:52:08.800 --> 00:52:09.120
 a man

00:52:09.120 --> 00:52:09.300
 with

00:52:09.300 --> 00:52:09.600
 power

00:52:09.600 --> 00:52:09.780
 over

00:52:09.780 --> 00:52:09.920
 the

00:52:09.920 --> 00:52:10.200
 earth

00:52:10.200 --> 00:52:10.400
 and

00:52:10.400 --> 00:52:10.680
 men

00:52:10.680 --> 00:52:10.860
 would

00:52:10.860 --> 00:52:11.400
 arrive

00:52:11.400 --> 00:52:11.960
 from

00:52:11.960 --> 00:52:12.380
 heavenly

00:52:12.380 --> 00:52:12.960
 seed

00:52:12.960 --> 00:52:13.820
 and take

00:52:13.820 --> 00:52:14.200
 possession

00:52:14.200 --> 00:52:14.519
 of the

00:52:14.519 --> 00:52:14.940
 world

00:52:14.940 --> 00:52:15.940
 and the

00:52:15.940 --> 00:52:16.320
 promised

00:52:16.320 --> 00:52:16.820
 day

00:52:16.820 --> 00:52:17.580
 had

00:52:17.580 --> 00:52:17.800
 now

00:52:17.800 --> 00:52:18.480
 arrived

00:52:18.480 --> 00:52:19.079
 her

00:52:19.079 --> 00:52:22.880
 and the

00:52:22.880 --> 00:52:22.960
 she

00:52:22.960 --> 00:52:23.159
 goes

00:52:23.159 --> 00:52:23.460
 on

00:52:23.460 --> 00:52:23.900
 to

00:52:23.900 --> 00:52:24.460
 talk

00:52:24.460 --> 00:52:24.800
 about

00:52:24.800 --> 00:52:25.019
 the

00:52:25.019 --> 00:52:25.360
 slaughter

00:52:25.360 --> 00:52:25.559
 of

00:52:25.559 --> 00:52:25.960
 children

00:52:25.960 --> 00:52:26.240
 that

00:52:26.240 --> 00:52:26.619
 Herod

00:52:26.619 --> 00:52:27.300
 carried

00:52:27.300 --> 00:52:27.559
 out

00:52:27.559 --> 00:52:27.780
 in the

00:52:27.780 --> 00:52:28.059
 gospel

00:52:28.059 --> 00:52:28.240
 of

00:52:28.240 --> 00:52:28.599
 Matthew

00:52:28.599 --> 00:52:29.659
 and

00:52:29.659 --> 00:52:31.139
 she

00:52:31.139 --> 00:52:34.320
 describes

00:52:34.320 --> 00:52:34.780
 Mary

00:52:34.780 --> 00:52:35.360
 she says

00:52:35.360 --> 00:52:35.880
 who was

00:52:35.880 --> 00:52:36.199
 frightened

00:52:36.199 --> 00:52:36.539
 by all

00:52:36.539 --> 00:52:36.659
 the

00:52:36.659 --> 00:52:36.980
 crying

00:52:36.980 --> 00:52:37.380
 carried

00:52:37.380 --> 00:52:37.579
 her

00:52:37.579 --> 00:52:37.940
 child

00:52:37.940 --> 00:52:38.099
 in

00:52:38.099 --> 00:52:38.240
 her

00:52:38.240 --> 00:52:38.579
 bosom

00:52:38.579 --> 00:52:39.240
 through

00:52:39.240 --> 00:52:39.539
 this

00:52:39.539 --> 00:52:39.880
 raging

00:52:39.880 --> 00:52:40.420
 disorder

00:52:40.420 --> 00:52:40.679
 and

00:52:40.679 --> 00:52:41.139
 fled

00:52:41.139 --> 00:52:41.920
 to a

00:52:41.920 --> 00:52:42.139
 well

00:52:42.139 --> 00:52:42.760
 stocked

00:52:42.760 --> 00:52:43.179
 stable

00:52:43.179 --> 00:52:44.179
 and here

00:52:44.179 --> 00:52:44.519
 under

00:52:44.519 --> 00:52:45.059
 the roof

00:52:45.059 --> 00:52:45.380
 of a

00:52:45.380 --> 00:52:45.740
 lowly

00:52:45.740 --> 00:52:46.199
 house

00:52:46.199 --> 00:52:46.899
 she

00:52:46.899 --> 00:52:47.559
 nursed

00:52:47.559 --> 00:52:47.759
 her

00:52:47.759 --> 00:52:48.179
 son

00:52:48.179 --> 00:52:49.980
 the

00:52:49.980 --> 00:52:50.259
 poem

00:52:50.259 --> 00:52:50.819
 unfortunately

00:52:50.819 --> 00:52:51.259
 kind of

00:52:51.259 --> 00:52:51.559
 breaks

00:52:51.559 --> 00:52:51.980
 off

00:52:51.980 --> 00:52:52.480
 it has

00:52:52.480 --> 00:52:52.679
 these

00:52:52.679 --> 00:52:53.179
 beautiful

00:52:53.179 --> 00:52:53.719
 passages

00:52:53.719 --> 00:52:54.579
 but of

00:52:54.579 --> 00:52:54.819
 course

00:52:54.819 --> 00:52:55.399
 what

00:52:55.399 --> 00:52:55.699
 Proba

00:52:55.699 --> 00:52:56.059
 has set

00:52:56.059 --> 00:52:56.319
 out to

00:52:56.319 --> 00:52:56.460
 do

00:52:56.460 --> 00:52:56.599
 is

00:52:56.599 --> 00:52:56.819
 very

00:52:56.819 --> 00:52:57.219
 difficult

00:52:57.219 --> 00:52:57.539
 because

00:52:57.539 --> 00:52:57.779
 she's

00:52:57.779 --> 00:52:58.079
 limited

00:52:58.079 --> 00:52:58.599
 by the

00:52:58.599 --> 00:52:59.019
 words

00:52:59.019 --> 00:52:59.239
 of

00:52:59.239 --> 00:52:59.579
 Virgil

00:52:59.579 --> 00:53:00.259
 so she's

00:53:00.259 --> 00:53:00.579
 trying to

00:53:00.579 --> 00:53:00.779
 piece

00:53:00.779 --> 00:53:01.079
 all these

00:53:01.079 --> 00:53:01.299
 things

00:53:01.299 --> 00:53:01.699
 together

00:53:01.699 --> 00:53:02.739
 and like

00:53:02.739 --> 00:53:03.059
 I said

00:53:03.059 --> 00:53:03.519
 this poem

00:53:03.519 --> 00:53:03.839
 actually

00:53:03.839 --> 00:53:04.219
 proved to

00:53:04.219 --> 00:53:04.319
 be

00:53:04.319 --> 00:53:04.659
 enormously

00:53:04.659 --> 00:53:05.179
 popular

00:53:05.179 --> 00:53:06.319
 in the

00:53:06.319 --> 00:53:06.639
 ancient

00:53:06.639 --> 00:53:07.000
 world

00:53:07.000 --> 00:53:07.319
 and it

00:53:07.319 --> 00:53:07.500
 was

00:53:07.500 --> 00:53:08.039
 kind

00:53:08.039 --> 00:53:08.319
 of a

00:53:08.319 --> 00:53:08.719
 way

00:53:08.719 --> 00:53:09.460
 that

00:53:09.460 --> 00:53:10.619
 Roman

00:53:10.619 --> 00:53:11.079
 Christians

00:53:11.079 --> 00:53:11.439
 could

00:53:11.439 --> 00:53:11.980
 appreciate

00:53:11.980 --> 00:53:12.319
 their

00:53:12.319 --> 00:53:12.719
 culture

00:53:12.719 --> 00:53:13.219
 but also

00:53:13.219 --> 00:53:13.719
 glorify

00:53:13.719 --> 00:53:14.159
 Christ

00:53:14.159 --> 00:53:15.000
 in the

00:53:15.000 --> 00:53:15.179
 same

00:53:15.179 --> 00:53:15.439
 way

00:53:16.199 --> 00:53:18.879
 unfortunately

00:53:18.879 --> 00:53:19.579
 as I've

00:53:19.579 --> 00:53:19.819
 mentioned

00:53:19.819 --> 00:53:20.179
 that's all

00:53:20.179 --> 00:53:20.500
 we know

00:53:20.500 --> 00:53:20.839
 about

00:53:20.839 --> 00:53:21.199
 Proba

00:53:21.199 --> 00:53:21.599
 we don't

00:53:21.599 --> 00:53:21.980
 know much

00:53:21.980 --> 00:53:22.439
 else about

00:53:22.439 --> 00:53:22.679
 her

00:53:22.679 --> 00:53:23.500
 other than

00:53:23.500 --> 00:53:23.679
 her

00:53:23.679 --> 00:53:24.039
 poem

00:53:24.039 --> 00:53:26.779
 I've

00:53:26.779 --> 00:53:27.539
 spoken of

00:53:27.539 --> 00:53:28.119
 poets

00:53:28.119 --> 00:53:28.819
 and martyrs

00:53:28.819 --> 00:53:29.079
 and other

00:53:29.079 --> 00:53:29.379
 people

00:53:29.379 --> 00:53:29.699
 I want

00:53:29.699 --> 00:53:30.159
 now though

00:53:30.159 --> 00:53:30.519
 to

00:53:30.519 --> 00:53:31.679
 move to

00:53:31.679 --> 00:53:32.119
 a woman

00:53:32.119 --> 00:53:32.939
 who is

00:53:32.939 --> 00:53:34.219
 most well

00:53:34.219 --> 00:53:34.639
 known as

00:53:34.639 --> 00:53:35.039
 being

00:53:35.039 --> 00:53:36.059
 a mother

00:53:36.059 --> 00:53:37.359
 and a

00:53:37.359 --> 00:53:37.719
 wife

00:53:37.719 --> 00:53:38.639
 and I

00:53:38.639 --> 00:53:39.039
 speak

00:53:39.039 --> 00:53:39.639
 about a

00:53:39.639 --> 00:53:40.239
 woman named

00:53:40.239 --> 00:53:40.779
 Monica

00:53:40.779 --> 00:53:42.179
 she was

00:53:42.179 --> 00:53:42.879
 the mother

00:53:42.879 --> 00:53:44.399
 of Augustine

00:53:44.399 --> 00:53:44.980
 of St.

00:53:45.039 --> 00:53:45.599
 Augustine

00:53:45.599 --> 00:53:46.460
 and this

00:53:46.460 --> 00:53:46.679
 is a

00:53:46.679 --> 00:53:46.940
 famous

00:53:46.940 --> 00:53:47.420
 picture

00:53:47.420 --> 00:53:48.420
 it shows

00:53:48.420 --> 00:53:48.860
 Monica

00:53:48.860 --> 00:53:49.880
 she's

00:53:49.880 --> 00:53:51.400
 probably

00:53:51.400 --> 00:53:51.739
 wouldn't have

00:53:51.739 --> 00:53:52.079
 been dressed

00:53:52.079 --> 00:53:52.519
 like this

00:53:52.519 --> 00:53:52.739
 in the

00:53:52.739 --> 00:53:52.900
 ancient

00:53:52.900 --> 00:53:53.119
 world

00:53:53.119 --> 00:53:53.460
 this is

00:53:53.460 --> 00:53:54.019
 sort of

00:53:54.019 --> 00:53:54.360
 a middle

00:53:54.360 --> 00:53:54.819
 age

00:53:54.819 --> 00:53:55.299
 idea

00:53:55.299 --> 00:53:55.619
 of what

00:53:55.619 --> 00:53:55.920
 she might

00:53:55.920 --> 00:53:56.319
 be like

00:53:56.319 --> 00:53:57.420
 Augustine's

00:53:57.420 --> 00:53:57.799
 not too

00:53:57.799 --> 00:53:58.119
 happy

00:53:58.119 --> 00:53:58.460
 here

00:53:58.460 --> 00:53:58.960
 because he

00:53:58.960 --> 00:53:59.319
 wasn't

00:53:59.319 --> 00:53:59.739
 for some

00:53:59.739 --> 00:54:00.059
 time

00:54:00.059 --> 00:54:00.719
 and we'll

00:54:00.719 --> 00:54:01.019
 get into

00:54:01.019 --> 00:54:01.400
 that in

00:54:01.400 --> 00:54:01.659
 a moment

00:54:01.659 --> 00:54:02.759
 but Monica

00:54:02.759 --> 00:54:03.579
 was born

00:54:03.579 --> 00:54:04.380
 in Algeria

00:54:04.380 --> 00:54:04.900
 in today

00:54:04.900 --> 00:54:05.360
 Africa

00:54:05.360 --> 00:54:06.219
 she was

00:54:06.219 --> 00:54:06.860
 probably

00:54:06.860 --> 00:54:07.559
 of Berber

00:54:07.559 --> 00:54:07.920
 descent

00:54:07.920 --> 00:54:08.440
 so she

00:54:08.440 --> 00:54:08.900
 was not

00:54:08.900 --> 00:54:09.279
 from

00:54:09.279 --> 00:54:09.679
 Latin

00:54:09.679 --> 00:54:10.199
 stock

00:54:10.199 --> 00:54:10.579
 or

00:54:10.579 --> 00:54:11.619
 from

00:54:11.619 --> 00:54:13.940
 Greek

00:54:13.940 --> 00:54:14.460
 stock

00:54:14.460 --> 00:54:14.819
 she also

00:54:14.819 --> 00:54:15.119
 may have

00:54:15.119 --> 00:54:15.259
 been

00:54:15.259 --> 00:54:15.819
 Phoenician

00:54:15.819 --> 00:54:16.719
 as well

00:54:16.719 --> 00:54:17.779
 and

00:54:17.779 --> 00:54:19.559
 we know

00:54:19.559 --> 00:54:20.199
 most about

00:54:20.199 --> 00:54:20.599
 her because

00:54:20.599 --> 00:54:20.880
 of what

00:54:20.880 --> 00:54:21.359
 Augustine

00:54:21.359 --> 00:54:21.920
 says about

00:54:21.920 --> 00:54:22.139
 her

00:54:22.139 --> 00:54:23.279
 and he

00:54:23.279 --> 00:54:23.980
 describes

00:54:23.980 --> 00:54:24.539
 when she

00:54:24.539 --> 00:54:24.880
 was a

00:54:24.880 --> 00:54:25.259
 child

00:54:25.259 --> 00:54:26.239
 she would

00:54:26.239 --> 00:54:26.859
 often be

00:54:26.859 --> 00:54:28.639
 called upon

00:54:28.639 --> 00:54:29.139
 to go down

00:54:29.139 --> 00:54:29.420
 to the

00:54:29.420 --> 00:54:29.779
 cellar

00:54:29.779 --> 00:54:30.179
 and to

00:54:30.179 --> 00:54:30.639
 bring up

00:54:30.639 --> 00:54:31.380
 some wine

00:54:31.380 --> 00:54:32.659
 for the

00:54:32.659 --> 00:54:33.059
 family

00:54:33.059 --> 00:54:34.239
 and she

00:54:34.239 --> 00:54:34.659
 would always

00:54:34.659 --> 00:54:35.259
 take a few

00:54:35.259 --> 00:54:35.739
 sips as

00:54:35.739 --> 00:54:36.119
 a child

00:54:36.119 --> 00:54:37.039
 now in

00:54:37.039 --> 00:54:37.359
 the ancient

00:54:37.359 --> 00:54:37.900
 world this

00:54:37.900 --> 00:54:38.460
 was normal

00:54:38.460 --> 00:54:39.259
 this was not

00:54:39.260 --> 00:54:40.460
 something that

00:54:40.460 --> 00:54:40.660
 would have

00:54:40.660 --> 00:54:41.180
 been particularly

00:54:41.180 --> 00:54:41.860
 frowned upon

00:54:41.860 --> 00:54:42.960
 unless there

00:54:42.960 --> 00:54:43.320
 was some

00:54:43.320 --> 00:54:44.060
 excess going

00:54:44.060 --> 00:54:44.800
 on but

00:54:44.800 --> 00:54:45.300
 the servant

00:54:45.300 --> 00:54:45.740
 who was

00:54:45.740 --> 00:54:46.260
 with her

00:54:46.260 --> 00:54:47.940
 shamed her

00:54:47.940 --> 00:54:48.740
 and mocked

00:54:48.740 --> 00:54:49.460
 her for doing

00:54:49.460 --> 00:54:49.820
 that and

00:54:49.820 --> 00:54:50.320
 called her a

00:54:50.320 --> 00:54:51.620
 drunkard and

00:54:51.620 --> 00:54:52.260
 Augustine

00:54:52.260 --> 00:54:53.360
 observes how

00:54:53.360 --> 00:54:54.360
 deeply this

00:54:54.360 --> 00:54:55.000
 affected

00:54:55.000 --> 00:54:56.580
 Monica and

00:54:56.580 --> 00:54:57.800
 that she

00:54:57.800 --> 00:54:59.160
 vowed to

00:54:59.160 --> 00:54:59.740
 live a life

00:54:59.740 --> 00:55:00.800
 of temperance

00:55:00.800 --> 00:55:01.720
 and purity

00:55:01.720 --> 00:55:03.100
 thereafter

00:55:03.100 --> 00:55:05.240
 and as she

00:55:05.240 --> 00:55:06.380
 grew which

00:55:06.380 --> 00:55:06.820
 she did

00:55:06.820 --> 00:55:07.320
 throughout her

00:55:07.320 --> 00:55:08.280
 life and

00:55:08.280 --> 00:55:09.220
 as she

00:55:09.220 --> 00:55:10.100
 grew and

00:55:10.100 --> 00:55:10.720
 became a

00:55:10.720 --> 00:55:11.400
 woman she

00:55:11.400 --> 00:55:12.380
 was betrothed

00:55:12.380 --> 00:55:13.060
 to a

00:55:13.060 --> 00:55:13.880
 pagan she

00:55:13.880 --> 00:55:14.320
 was from a

00:55:14.320 --> 00:55:14.880
 Christian family

00:55:14.880 --> 00:55:15.400
 she was raised

00:55:15.400 --> 00:55:15.920
 as a Christian

00:55:15.920 --> 00:55:17.220
 but she was

00:55:17.220 --> 00:55:18.680
 still betrothed

00:55:18.680 --> 00:55:19.600
 to a pagan

00:55:19.600 --> 00:55:20.440
 and this man

00:55:20.440 --> 00:55:22.060
 was violent

00:55:22.060 --> 00:55:23.140
 he was hot

00:55:23.140 --> 00:55:24.360
 tempered and

00:55:24.360 --> 00:55:25.140
 to make matters

00:55:25.140 --> 00:55:26.340
 worse his

00:55:26.340 --> 00:55:26.980
 mother so

00:55:26.980 --> 00:55:27.700
 Monica's mother

00:55:27.700 --> 00:55:29.040
 in law hated

00:55:29.040 --> 00:55:30.940
 Monica and

00:55:30.940 --> 00:55:32.220
 talk about a

00:55:32.220 --> 00:55:33.320
 difficult situation

00:55:33.320 --> 00:55:34.440
 for someone to

00:55:34.440 --> 00:55:35.260
 be in of

00:55:35.260 --> 00:55:35.980
 course in the

00:55:35.980 --> 00:55:36.780
 ancient world

00:55:36.780 --> 00:55:37.440
 there was no

00:55:37.440 --> 00:55:37.780
 there was no

00:55:37.780 --> 00:55:38.460
 such thing as

00:55:38.460 --> 00:55:39.119
 laws against

00:55:39.119 --> 00:55:39.980
 domestic violence

00:55:39.980 --> 00:55:41.599
 in fact Roman

00:55:41.599 --> 00:55:42.220
 men were

00:55:42.220 --> 00:55:43.380
 explicitly given

00:55:43.380 --> 00:55:44.079
 legal permission

00:55:44.079 --> 00:55:44.760
 to pretty much

00:55:44.760 --> 00:55:45.460
 do whatever they

00:55:45.460 --> 00:55:46.280
 wanted to

00:55:46.280 --> 00:55:46.860
 anybody they

00:55:46.860 --> 00:55:47.480
 wanted in the

00:55:47.480 --> 00:55:48.420
 house so

00:55:48.420 --> 00:55:49.280
 there was no

00:55:49.280 --> 00:55:50.420
 recourse if you

00:55:50.420 --> 00:55:51.340
 were married to

00:55:51.340 --> 00:55:51.860
 someone who

00:55:51.860 --> 00:55:52.840
 who was abusing

00:55:52.840 --> 00:55:53.260
 you

00:55:53.260 --> 00:55:55.659
 Monica however

00:55:55.659 --> 00:55:58.019
 decided to

00:55:58.019 --> 00:55:59.820
 despite these

00:55:59.820 --> 00:56:00.700
 challenges to

00:56:00.700 --> 00:56:01.760
 be wholeheartedly

00:56:01.760 --> 00:56:03.840
 devoted to her

00:56:03.840 --> 00:56:05.820
 husband and her

00:56:05.820 --> 00:56:06.900
 mother-in-law and

00:56:06.900 --> 00:56:07.800
 to wholeheartedly

00:56:07.800 --> 00:56:08.860
 submit to them

00:56:08.860 --> 00:56:10.120
 in everything

00:56:10.120 --> 00:56:12.240
 and Augustine

00:56:12.240 --> 00:56:13.160
 writes that

00:56:13.160 --> 00:56:14.640
 eventually he

00:56:14.640 --> 00:56:15.440
 won them both

00:56:15.440 --> 00:56:16.300
 she won them

00:56:16.300 --> 00:56:18.000
 both over that

00:56:18.000 --> 00:56:18.760
 her mother-in-law

00:56:18.760 --> 00:56:19.920
 grew to deeply

00:56:19.920 --> 00:56:21.160
 love Monica

00:56:21.160 --> 00:56:23.720
 and her husband

00:56:23.720 --> 00:56:25.100
 became a Christian

00:56:25.100 --> 00:56:27.720
 himself now this

00:56:27.720 --> 00:56:29.780
 this these two

00:56:29.780 --> 00:56:30.700
 little stories

00:56:30.700 --> 00:56:32.080
 illustrate her

00:56:32.080 --> 00:56:33.120
 character very much

00:56:33.119 --> 00:56:34.759
 because Monica

00:56:34.759 --> 00:56:35.819
 it turns out had

00:56:35.819 --> 00:56:37.779
 this amazing

00:56:37.779 --> 00:56:39.539
 gift of being

00:56:39.539 --> 00:56:40.359
 willing to

00:56:40.359 --> 00:56:41.819
 long suffer

00:56:41.819 --> 00:56:42.639
 with people

00:56:42.639 --> 00:56:44.139
 and also was

00:56:44.139 --> 00:56:45.219
 was very willing

00:56:45.219 --> 00:56:47.519
 to listen

00:56:47.519 --> 00:56:48.559
 and respond

00:56:48.559 --> 00:56:49.779
 to harsh

00:56:49.779 --> 00:56:50.759
 sometimes harsh

00:56:50.759 --> 00:56:51.460
 or difficult

00:56:51.460 --> 00:56:52.219
 advice

00:56:52.219 --> 00:56:53.779
 for instance as

00:56:53.779 --> 00:56:54.739
 this the

00:56:54.739 --> 00:56:55.440
 servant when the

00:56:55.440 --> 00:56:56.179
 servant rebuked her

00:56:56.179 --> 00:56:57.039
 for drinking wine

00:56:57.039 --> 00:56:58.420
 and we'll see this

00:56:58.420 --> 00:56:59.199
 come up again

00:56:59.199 --> 00:57:01.039
 when she gave

00:57:01.039 --> 00:57:01.460
 birth to

00:57:01.460 --> 00:57:02.460
 Augustine she

00:57:02.460 --> 00:57:03.360
 was 23 years

00:57:03.360 --> 00:57:04.599
 old and she

00:57:04.599 --> 00:57:05.639
 set about

00:57:05.639 --> 00:57:08.400
 educating Augustine

00:57:08.400 --> 00:57:09.220
 in the Christian

00:57:09.220 --> 00:57:10.199
 faith and raising

00:57:10.199 --> 00:57:10.940
 him as a Christian

00:57:10.940 --> 00:57:12.820
 as Augustine

00:57:12.820 --> 00:57:13.460
 grew older

00:57:13.460 --> 00:57:15.400
 though as a

00:57:15.400 --> 00:57:16.420
 teenager he

00:57:16.420 --> 00:57:17.539
 deeply grieved

00:57:17.539 --> 00:57:18.260
 his mother

00:57:18.260 --> 00:57:19.800
 by living a

00:57:19.800 --> 00:57:20.920
 licentious and

00:57:20.920 --> 00:57:22.320
 slothful life

00:57:22.320 --> 00:57:23.880
 his parents had

00:57:23.880 --> 00:57:24.659
 spent an enormous

00:57:24.659 --> 00:57:25.599
 sum on his

00:57:25.599 --> 00:57:26.860
 education and

00:57:26.860 --> 00:57:27.460
 he was kind of

00:57:27.460 --> 00:57:28.220
 throwing it away

00:57:28.220 --> 00:57:29.079
 and he was

00:57:29.079 --> 00:57:29.820
 sleeping around

00:57:29.820 --> 00:57:30.500
 and doing things

00:57:30.500 --> 00:57:31.440
 like that she

00:57:31.440 --> 00:57:31.900
 was deeply

00:57:31.900 --> 00:57:32.420
 grieved by

00:57:32.420 --> 00:57:33.440
 this to make

00:57:33.440 --> 00:57:34.059
 matters worse

00:57:34.059 --> 00:57:35.559
 though Augustine

00:57:35.559 --> 00:57:37.340
 left his

00:57:37.340 --> 00:57:38.119
 Christian faith

00:57:38.119 --> 00:57:39.340
 and converted

00:57:39.340 --> 00:57:41.039
 to Manichaeism

00:57:41.039 --> 00:57:42.760
 Manichaeism was

00:57:42.760 --> 00:57:43.699
 a religion that

00:57:43.699 --> 00:57:44.739
 started by a guy

00:57:44.739 --> 00:57:45.260
 named Manny

00:57:45.260 --> 00:57:46.500
 in Persia

00:57:46.500 --> 00:57:47.900
 around 250

00:57:47.900 --> 00:57:49.360
 AD so about

00:57:49.360 --> 00:57:51.000
 100 years

00:57:51.000 --> 00:57:52.139
 before 120

00:57:52.139 --> 00:57:52.820
 years before

00:57:52.820 --> 00:57:53.739
 Augustine's

00:57:53.739 --> 00:57:54.880
 conversion to

00:57:54.880 --> 00:57:55.400
 Manichaeism

00:57:55.400 --> 00:57:56.800
 and Manny

00:57:56.800 --> 00:57:57.780
 claimed to be

00:57:57.780 --> 00:57:58.400
 a successor

00:57:58.400 --> 00:57:59.380
 to Jesus he

00:57:59.380 --> 00:57:59.960
 claimed to be

00:57:59.960 --> 00:58:01.159
 the paraclete

00:58:01.159 --> 00:58:01.599
 that Jesus

00:58:01.599 --> 00:58:02.199
 had promised

00:58:02.199 --> 00:58:02.860
 in the gospel

00:58:02.860 --> 00:58:03.320
 of John

00:58:03.320 --> 00:58:04.280
 whom we know

00:58:04.280 --> 00:58:04.699
 is the Holy

00:58:04.699 --> 00:58:05.340
 Spirit but he

00:58:05.340 --> 00:58:05.820
 claimed to be

00:58:05.820 --> 00:58:06.539
 that Manny

00:58:06.539 --> 00:58:07.440
 also claimed to

00:58:07.440 --> 00:58:08.179
 be the successor

00:58:08.179 --> 00:58:08.820
 to Buddha

00:58:08.820 --> 00:58:09.920
 but he was in

00:58:09.920 --> 00:58:11.039
 Persia so he

00:58:11.039 --> 00:58:11.740
 was bordering

00:58:11.740 --> 00:58:12.740
 Rome and

00:58:12.740 --> 00:58:13.920
 India at the

00:58:13.920 --> 00:58:14.539
 time so he

00:58:14.539 --> 00:58:15.240
 had access to

00:58:15.240 --> 00:58:15.699
 these various

00:58:15.699 --> 00:58:17.400
 traditions and

00:58:17.400 --> 00:58:18.179
 so Augustine

00:58:18.179 --> 00:58:19.159
 became a

00:58:19.159 --> 00:58:20.320
 Manichaean and

00:58:20.320 --> 00:58:22.039
 this deeply

00:58:22.039 --> 00:58:23.380
 wounded Monica

00:58:23.380 --> 00:58:24.900
 and she wept

00:58:24.900 --> 00:58:25.820
 much for him

00:58:25.820 --> 00:58:26.500
 she kicked him

00:58:26.500 --> 00:58:27.099
 out of the home

00:58:27.099 --> 00:58:27.960
 for his behavior

00:58:27.960 --> 00:58:30.719
 she sought

00:58:30.719 --> 00:58:31.440
 a priest

00:58:31.440 --> 00:58:32.699
 who had

00:58:32.699 --> 00:58:33.679
 once been

00:58:33.679 --> 00:58:34.440
 a Manichaean

00:58:34.440 --> 00:58:35.239
 himself and

00:58:35.239 --> 00:58:35.699
 she thought

00:58:35.699 --> 00:58:36.299
 this guy will

00:58:36.299 --> 00:58:37.019
 be able to

00:58:37.019 --> 00:58:37.759
 put reason

00:58:37.759 --> 00:58:39.679
 into Augustine

00:58:39.679 --> 00:58:41.179
 she went to

00:58:41.179 --> 00:58:41.639
 the priest

00:58:41.639 --> 00:58:42.679
 and begged

00:58:42.679 --> 00:58:43.719
 him that

00:58:43.719 --> 00:58:44.460
 he would

00:58:44.460 --> 00:58:46.519
 reason with

00:58:46.519 --> 00:58:47.159
 Augustine

00:58:47.159 --> 00:58:48.159
 and prove

00:58:48.159 --> 00:58:49.039
 his ideas

00:58:49.039 --> 00:58:49.559
 false

00:58:49.559 --> 00:58:51.039
 and the

00:58:51.039 --> 00:58:52.099
 priest talked

00:58:52.099 --> 00:58:52.880
 to Augustine

00:58:52.880 --> 00:58:53.500
 and came

00:58:53.500 --> 00:58:54.599
 back and

00:58:54.599 --> 00:58:56.159
 said to

00:58:56.159 --> 00:58:56.619
 Monica

00:58:56.619 --> 00:58:58.039
 that I

00:58:58.039 --> 00:58:58.360
 don't think

00:58:58.360 --> 00:58:58.760
 this is a

00:58:58.760 --> 00:58:59.039
 good thing

00:58:59.039 --> 00:58:59.460
 to do

00:58:59.460 --> 00:59:00.679
 that Augustine

00:59:00.679 --> 00:59:02.699
 is puffed

00:59:02.699 --> 00:59:02.980
 up with

00:59:02.980 --> 00:59:03.300
 arrogance

00:59:03.300 --> 00:59:03.719
 he's not

00:59:03.719 --> 00:59:03.900
 going to

00:59:03.900 --> 00:59:04.239
 listen to

00:59:04.239 --> 00:59:04.559
 anything

00:59:04.559 --> 00:59:05.039
 you just

00:59:05.039 --> 00:59:06.000
 need to

00:59:06.000 --> 00:59:07.639
 just be

00:59:07.639 --> 00:59:08.079
 at peace

00:59:08.079 --> 00:59:08.559
 with him

00:59:08.559 --> 00:59:10.800
 and just

00:59:10.800 --> 00:59:11.360
 love him

00:59:11.360 --> 00:59:12.760
 and she

00:59:12.760 --> 00:59:13.539
 continued

00:59:13.539 --> 00:59:14.239
 this you

00:59:14.239 --> 00:59:14.719
 know terrified

00:59:14.719 --> 00:59:15.280
 her she

00:59:15.280 --> 00:59:15.820
 continued

00:59:15.820 --> 00:59:16.639
 weeping

00:59:16.639 --> 00:59:17.199
 and wailing

00:59:17.199 --> 00:59:17.719
 Augustine

00:59:17.719 --> 00:59:18.460
 describes it

00:59:18.460 --> 00:59:19.219
 begging the

00:59:19.219 --> 00:59:19.619
 priest to

00:59:19.619 --> 00:59:20.119
 do something

00:59:20.119 --> 00:59:20.679
 until the

00:59:20.679 --> 00:59:21.260
 priest finally

00:59:21.260 --> 00:59:22.360
 said this

00:59:22.360 --> 00:59:22.840
 phrase

00:59:22.840 --> 00:59:24.519
 he said

00:59:24.519 --> 00:59:25.160
 the son

00:59:25.160 --> 00:59:25.720
 of such

00:59:25.720 --> 00:59:26.340
 tears

00:59:26.340 --> 00:59:27.640
 can never

00:59:27.640 --> 00:59:28.300
 be lost

00:59:28.300 --> 00:59:29.800
 and

00:59:29.800 --> 00:59:30.660
 Augustine

00:59:30.660 --> 00:59:31.120
 remarks

00:59:31.120 --> 00:59:31.740
 that

00:59:31.740 --> 00:59:32.260
 Monica

00:59:32.260 --> 00:59:32.860
 took this

00:59:32.860 --> 00:59:33.260
 as a

00:59:33.260 --> 00:59:33.800
 word from

00:59:33.800 --> 00:59:34.260
 God

00:59:34.260 --> 00:59:34.920
 himself

00:59:34.920 --> 00:59:36.160
 and obeyed

00:59:36.160 --> 00:59:36.700
 the priest

00:59:36.700 --> 00:59:37.920
 she settled

00:59:37.920 --> 00:59:38.640
 in her heart

00:59:38.640 --> 00:59:39.160
 to be at

00:59:39.160 --> 00:59:39.579
 peace with

00:59:39.579 --> 00:59:40.160
 Augustine

00:59:40.160 --> 00:59:41.039
 and she

00:59:41.039 --> 00:59:41.620
 welcomed him

00:59:41.620 --> 00:59:42.300
 back into

00:59:42.300 --> 00:59:42.860
 her home

00:59:42.860 --> 00:59:44.380
 and that

00:59:44.380 --> 00:59:45.220
 proves to be

00:59:45.220 --> 00:59:45.840
 exactly what

00:59:45.840 --> 00:59:46.160
 I think

00:59:46.160 --> 00:59:46.680
 Augustine

00:59:46.680 --> 00:59:47.000
 needed

00:59:47.000 --> 00:59:47.800
 so that he

00:59:47.800 --> 00:59:48.280
 wasn't driven

00:59:48.280 --> 00:59:48.780
 away from

00:59:48.780 --> 00:59:49.160
 his mother

00:59:49.160 --> 00:59:49.440
 and his

00:59:49.440 --> 00:59:49.860
 relationship

00:59:49.860 --> 00:59:50.400
 with her

00:59:50.400 --> 00:59:52.059
 though they

00:59:52.059 --> 00:59:52.659
 still had a

00:59:52.659 --> 00:59:53.380
 fairly rocky

00:59:53.380 --> 00:59:54.099
 relationship

00:59:54.099 --> 00:59:54.860
 Augustine at

00:59:54.860 --> 00:59:55.340
 this time

00:59:55.340 --> 00:59:55.759
 was starting

00:59:55.759 --> 00:59:56.099
 to become

00:59:56.099 --> 00:59:56.639
 immensely

00:59:56.639 --> 00:59:57.639
 accomplished

00:59:57.639 --> 00:59:59.099
 as an

00:59:59.099 --> 00:59:59.500
 orator

00:59:59.500 --> 01:00:00.559
 and he

01:00:00.559 --> 01:00:01.559
 actually obtained

01:00:01.559 --> 01:00:02.500
 perhaps the

01:00:02.500 --> 01:00:03.320
 most illustrious

01:00:03.320 --> 01:00:03.900
 position of

01:00:03.900 --> 01:00:04.380
 rhetoric in

01:00:04.380 --> 01:00:04.779
 the entire

01:00:04.779 --> 01:00:05.460
 Roman Empire

01:00:05.460 --> 01:00:06.179
 in Milan

01:00:06.179 --> 01:00:07.539
 in Italy

01:00:07.539 --> 01:00:08.460
 so he's

01:00:08.460 --> 01:00:08.820
 living in

01:00:08.820 --> 01:00:09.139
 Africa

01:00:09.139 --> 01:00:09.639
 so he

01:00:09.639 --> 01:00:10.179
 journeyed to

01:00:10.179 --> 01:00:10.400
 Italy

01:00:10.400 --> 01:00:11.360
 he did not

01:00:11.360 --> 01:00:12.199
 tell Monica

01:00:12.199 --> 01:00:12.940
 he was doing

01:00:12.940 --> 01:00:14.099
 this so he

01:00:14.099 --> 01:00:15.099
 abandoned her

01:00:15.099 --> 01:00:16.199
 she was worried

01:00:16.199 --> 01:00:16.539
 what would

01:00:16.539 --> 01:00:17.259
 happen to him

01:00:17.259 --> 01:00:17.599
 and you know

01:00:17.599 --> 01:00:18.420
 the high city

01:00:18.420 --> 01:00:19.420
 the big city

01:00:19.420 --> 01:00:19.940
 that there'd be

01:00:19.940 --> 01:00:20.880
 temptations and

01:00:20.880 --> 01:00:21.420
 things there

01:00:21.420 --> 01:00:23.480
 and he

01:00:23.480 --> 01:00:23.960
 left her

01:00:23.960 --> 01:00:25.000
 alone in

01:00:25.000 --> 01:00:25.900
 North Africa

01:00:25.900 --> 01:00:28.260
 and Augustine

01:00:28.260 --> 01:00:30.099
 writes this

01:00:30.099 --> 01:00:31.140
 he says

01:00:31.140 --> 01:00:32.099
 by this time

01:00:32.099 --> 01:00:33.160
 my mother

01:00:33.160 --> 01:00:34.500
 made strong

01:00:34.500 --> 01:00:35.280
 by her piety

01:00:35.280 --> 01:00:36.220
 had come to

01:00:36.220 --> 01:00:36.960
 me from

01:00:36.960 --> 01:00:37.440
 Africa

01:00:37.440 --> 01:00:39.440
 following me

01:00:39.440 --> 01:00:40.220
 over sea

01:00:40.220 --> 01:00:40.920
 and land

01:00:40.920 --> 01:00:41.460
 in all

01:00:41.460 --> 01:00:42.099
 perils

01:00:42.099 --> 01:00:43.700
 she still

01:00:43.700 --> 01:00:44.539
 felt secure

01:00:44.539 --> 01:00:45.200
 in thee

01:00:45.200 --> 01:00:45.900
 oh God

01:00:45.900 --> 01:00:46.980
 for in the

01:00:46.980 --> 01:00:47.460
 dangers of

01:00:47.460 --> 01:00:47.920
 the sea

01:00:47.920 --> 01:00:48.980
 she comforted

01:00:48.980 --> 01:00:49.660
 the very

01:00:49.660 --> 01:00:50.280
 sailors

01:00:50.280 --> 01:00:50.920
 on their

01:00:50.920 --> 01:00:51.340
 travel

01:00:51.340 --> 01:00:52.420
 assuring

01:00:52.420 --> 01:00:52.860
 them of

01:00:52.860 --> 01:00:53.220
 safe

01:00:53.220 --> 01:00:53.660
 arrival

01:00:53.660 --> 01:00:54.660
 because she

01:00:54.660 --> 01:00:55.260
 had been

01:00:55.260 --> 01:00:56.380
 so assured

01:00:56.380 --> 01:00:57.100
 by thee

01:00:57.100 --> 01:00:57.740
 oh God

01:00:57.740 --> 01:00:59.500
 she found

01:00:59.500 --> 01:01:00.160
 me in

01:01:00.160 --> 01:01:00.580
 grievous

01:01:00.580 --> 01:01:01.260
 danger

01:01:01.260 --> 01:01:02.480
 in despair

01:01:02.480 --> 01:01:02.960
 of ever

01:01:02.960 --> 01:01:03.580
 finding the

01:01:03.580 --> 01:01:04.000
 truth

01:01:04.000 --> 01:01:06.519
 what had

01:01:06.519 --> 01:01:06.820
 happened

01:01:06.820 --> 01:01:07.260
 was that

01:01:07.260 --> 01:01:07.760
 Augustine

01:01:07.760 --> 01:01:08.220
 had showed

01:01:08.220 --> 01:01:08.560
 up in

01:01:08.560 --> 01:01:08.780
 Milan

01:01:08.780 --> 01:01:10.019
 and he

01:01:10.019 --> 01:01:10.700
 had heard

01:01:10.700 --> 01:01:11.620
 about the

01:01:11.620 --> 01:01:12.080
 bishop of

01:01:12.080 --> 01:01:12.380
 Milan

01:01:12.380 --> 01:01:13.000
 Ambrose of

01:01:13.000 --> 01:01:13.320
 Milan

01:01:13.320 --> 01:01:14.220
 and heard

01:01:14.220 --> 01:01:14.540
 that he

01:01:14.540 --> 01:01:14.900
 wasn't

01:01:14.900 --> 01:01:15.820
 concerned

01:01:15.820 --> 01:01:16.200
 about

01:01:16.200 --> 01:01:17.260
 or interested

01:01:17.260 --> 01:01:17.580
 in

01:01:17.580 --> 01:01:18.260
 Ambrose

01:01:18.260 --> 01:01:18.600
 for his

01:01:18.600 --> 01:01:19.040
 Christianity

01:01:19.040 --> 01:01:19.500
 it was

01:01:19.500 --> 01:01:19.840
 because

01:01:19.840 --> 01:01:20.640
 he heard

01:01:20.640 --> 01:01:20.920
 that he

01:01:20.920 --> 01:01:21.320
 was this

01:01:21.320 --> 01:01:22.020
 amazing

01:01:22.020 --> 01:01:22.600
 speaker

01:01:22.600 --> 01:01:23.400
 and this

01:01:23.400 --> 01:01:24.140
 was Augustine's

01:01:24.140 --> 01:01:24.640
 job

01:01:24.640 --> 01:01:25.360
 so he

01:01:25.360 --> 01:01:25.680
 thought I

01:01:25.680 --> 01:01:26.120
 gotta listen

01:01:26.120 --> 01:01:26.440
 to this

01:01:26.440 --> 01:01:26.720
 guy

01:01:26.720 --> 01:01:27.860
 and he

01:01:27.860 --> 01:01:28.500
 showed up

01:01:28.500 --> 01:01:29.480
 and had

01:01:29.480 --> 01:01:29.760
 some

01:01:29.760 --> 01:01:30.560
 interaction

01:01:30.560 --> 01:01:31.360
 with Ambrose

01:01:31.360 --> 01:01:33.099
 and Ambrose

01:01:33.099 --> 01:01:33.519
 kind of

01:01:33.519 --> 01:01:34.039
 injected

01:01:34.039 --> 01:01:35.099
 some doubt

01:01:35.099 --> 01:01:35.880
 into Augustine

01:01:35.880 --> 01:01:36.180
 about

01:01:36.180 --> 01:01:36.980
 Manichaeism

01:01:36.980 --> 01:01:37.900
 and he

01:01:37.900 --> 01:01:38.460
 was deeply

01:01:38.460 --> 01:01:38.940
 troubled

01:01:38.940 --> 01:01:39.880
 and when

01:01:39.880 --> 01:01:40.180
 Monica

01:01:40.180 --> 01:01:40.760
 showed up

01:01:40.760 --> 01:01:41.620
 she found

01:01:41.620 --> 01:01:42.400
 that

01:01:42.400 --> 01:01:43.480
 Augustine

01:01:43.480 --> 01:01:43.880
 was no

01:01:43.880 --> 01:01:44.380
 longer

01:01:44.380 --> 01:01:45.360
 a Manichaean

01:01:45.360 --> 01:01:45.960
 but not

01:01:45.960 --> 01:01:46.579
 yet a

01:01:46.579 --> 01:01:46.920
 Christian

01:01:46.920 --> 01:01:48.220
 and

01:01:48.220 --> 01:01:49.380
 Augustine

01:01:49.380 --> 01:01:50.000
 says that

01:01:50.000 --> 01:01:51.380
 he was

01:01:51.380 --> 01:01:52.539
 really

01:01:52.539 --> 01:01:53.519
 surprised

01:01:53.519 --> 01:01:54.280
 because when

01:01:54.280 --> 01:01:54.820
 she found

01:01:54.820 --> 01:01:55.200
 out he

01:01:55.200 --> 01:01:55.860
 says quote

01:01:55.860 --> 01:01:57.380
 she did

01:01:57.380 --> 01:01:58.079
 not leap

01:01:58.079 --> 01:01:58.880
 for joy

01:01:58.880 --> 01:02:03.099
 he was

01:02:03.099 --> 01:02:03.780
 expecting her

01:02:03.780 --> 01:02:04.519
 to rejoice

01:02:04.519 --> 01:02:05.300
 at leaving

01:02:05.300 --> 01:02:05.840
 this faith

01:02:05.840 --> 01:02:06.160
 that she

01:02:06.160 --> 01:02:06.480
 did not

01:02:06.480 --> 01:02:06.800
 like

01:02:06.800 --> 01:02:07.840
 but she

01:02:07.840 --> 01:02:08.619
 didn't

01:02:08.619 --> 01:02:09.579
 instead

01:02:09.579 --> 01:02:10.880
 she told

01:02:10.880 --> 01:02:11.559
 Augustine

01:02:11.559 --> 01:02:12.820
 that God

01:02:12.820 --> 01:02:14.140
 had assured

01:02:14.140 --> 01:02:15.320
 her that

01:02:15.320 --> 01:02:15.940
 he would

01:02:15.940 --> 01:02:16.340
 become a

01:02:16.340 --> 01:02:16.619
 Christian

01:02:16.619 --> 01:02:17.420
 and that

01:02:17.420 --> 01:02:17.740
 this was

01:02:17.740 --> 01:02:18.420
 just part

01:02:18.420 --> 01:02:18.579
 of the

01:02:18.579 --> 01:02:19.059
 process

01:02:19.059 --> 01:02:19.700
 and that

01:02:19.700 --> 01:02:20.599
 she was

01:02:20.599 --> 01:02:20.980
 confident

01:02:20.980 --> 01:02:21.280
 it would

01:02:21.280 --> 01:02:21.640
 happen

01:02:21.640 --> 01:02:24.740
 he writes

01:02:24.740 --> 01:02:25.700
 that

01:02:25.700 --> 01:02:27.160
 quote

01:02:27.160 --> 01:02:27.640
 she hurried

01:02:27.640 --> 01:02:28.059
 all the

01:02:28.059 --> 01:02:28.860
 more assiduously

01:02:28.860 --> 01:02:29.300
 to the

01:02:29.300 --> 01:02:29.620
 church

01:02:29.620 --> 01:02:30.140
 and hung

01:02:30.140 --> 01:02:30.480
 upon

01:02:30.480 --> 01:02:31.079
 the words

01:02:31.079 --> 01:02:31.980
 of Ambrose

01:02:31.980 --> 01:02:32.800
 for she

01:02:32.800 --> 01:02:33.360
 loved

01:02:33.360 --> 01:02:34.160
 that man

01:02:34.160 --> 01:02:34.900
 as an

01:02:34.900 --> 01:02:35.300
 angel

01:02:35.300 --> 01:02:36.079
 of God

01:02:36.079 --> 01:02:36.960
 because she

01:02:36.960 --> 01:02:37.480
 knew that

01:02:37.480 --> 01:02:38.120
 it was by

01:02:38.120 --> 01:02:38.579
 him

01:02:38.579 --> 01:02:39.380
 that I

01:02:39.380 --> 01:02:39.840
 had been

01:02:39.840 --> 01:02:40.240
 brought

01:02:40.240 --> 01:02:40.740
 to my

01:02:40.740 --> 01:02:41.160
 present

01:02:41.160 --> 01:02:41.800
 condition

01:02:41.800 --> 01:02:42.300
 my

01:02:42.300 --> 01:02:43.079
 perplexing

01:02:43.079 --> 01:02:43.579
 state

01:02:43.579 --> 01:02:44.680
 of agitation

01:02:44.680 --> 01:02:45.579
 which I

01:02:45.579 --> 01:02:46.180
 was now

01:02:46.180 --> 01:02:46.599
 in

01:02:46.599 --> 01:02:48.559
 so

01:02:48.559 --> 01:02:49.440
 Augustine

01:02:49.440 --> 01:02:49.960
 writes one

01:02:49.960 --> 01:02:50.260
 more

01:02:50.260 --> 01:02:50.960
 thing I'll

01:02:50.960 --> 01:02:51.360
 share with

01:02:51.360 --> 01:02:51.620
 you

01:02:51.620 --> 01:02:52.420
 about his

01:02:52.420 --> 01:02:52.700
 mother

01:02:52.700 --> 01:02:53.539
 that helped

01:02:53.539 --> 01:02:53.900
 him on

01:02:53.900 --> 01:02:54.480
 his faith

01:02:54.480 --> 01:02:55.440
 journey

01:02:55.440 --> 01:02:56.539
 he says

01:02:56.539 --> 01:02:56.960
 that

01:02:56.960 --> 01:02:58.440
 as was

01:02:58.440 --> 01:02:59.099
 he says

01:02:59.099 --> 01:03:00.039
 my mother's

01:03:00.039 --> 01:03:00.559
 custom in

01:03:00.559 --> 01:03:00.960
 Africa

01:03:00.960 --> 01:03:02.019
 was to

01:03:02.019 --> 01:03:02.659
 bring to

01:03:02.659 --> 01:03:03.300
 the chapels

01:03:03.300 --> 01:03:03.679
 of the

01:03:03.679 --> 01:03:04.019
 saints

01:03:04.019 --> 01:03:05.079
 certain cakes

01:03:05.079 --> 01:03:05.920
 and bread

01:03:05.920 --> 01:03:07.079
 and wine

01:03:07.079 --> 01:03:07.800
 so what was

01:03:07.800 --> 01:03:08.519
 happening now

01:03:08.519 --> 01:03:09.099
 in the

01:03:09.099 --> 01:03:09.880
 380s

01:03:09.880 --> 01:03:11.019
 was sort of

01:03:11.019 --> 01:03:11.980
 that saint

01:03:11.980 --> 01:03:12.460
 worship

01:03:12.460 --> 01:03:13.179
 relic worship

01:03:13.179 --> 01:03:13.840
 was starting to

01:03:13.840 --> 01:03:14.579
 creep into the

01:03:14.579 --> 01:03:14.940
 church

01:03:14.940 --> 01:03:15.960
 so Monica

01:03:15.960 --> 01:03:16.420
 would

01:03:16.420 --> 01:03:17.800
 would go to

01:03:17.800 --> 01:03:18.159
 some of

01:03:18.159 --> 01:03:18.900
 these chapels

01:03:18.900 --> 01:03:19.519
 that were

01:03:19.519 --> 01:03:19.960
 honoring

01:03:19.960 --> 01:03:20.920
 martyrs of

01:03:20.920 --> 01:03:21.179
 old

01:03:21.179 --> 01:03:21.579
 so we

01:03:21.579 --> 01:03:22.639
 someone like

01:03:22.639 --> 01:03:23.260
 Perpetua for

01:03:23.260 --> 01:03:23.620
 example

01:03:23.620 --> 01:03:24.420
 and she

01:03:24.420 --> 01:03:25.140
 would leave

01:03:25.140 --> 01:03:26.240
 I mean

01:03:26.240 --> 01:03:26.780
 effectively

01:03:26.780 --> 01:03:27.540
 offerings

01:03:27.540 --> 01:03:28.440
 like cake

01:03:28.440 --> 01:03:29.400
 and bread

01:03:29.400 --> 01:03:30.600
 and wine

01:03:30.600 --> 01:03:31.800
 and she

01:03:31.800 --> 01:03:32.460
 comes in

01:03:32.460 --> 01:03:33.920
 and this

01:03:33.920 --> 01:03:34.200
 was a

01:03:34.200 --> 01:03:34.400
 beloved

01:03:34.400 --> 01:03:34.880
 practice

01:03:34.880 --> 01:03:35.380
 of hers

01:03:35.380 --> 01:03:36.440
 and she

01:03:36.440 --> 01:03:37.140
 finds out

01:03:37.140 --> 01:03:37.840
 Augustine

01:03:37.840 --> 01:03:38.560
 says that

01:03:38.560 --> 01:03:40.120
 she was

01:03:40.120 --> 01:03:40.640
 forbidden to

01:03:40.640 --> 01:03:41.040
 do so

01:03:41.040 --> 01:03:42.200
 to leave

01:03:42.200 --> 01:03:42.700
 these kinds

01:03:42.700 --> 01:03:43.200
 of offerings

01:03:43.200 --> 01:03:44.400
 and it

01:03:44.400 --> 01:03:45.100
 upset her

01:03:45.100 --> 01:03:45.780
 very much

01:03:45.780 --> 01:03:46.240
 because she

01:03:46.240 --> 01:03:46.780
 loved doing

01:03:46.780 --> 01:03:47.160
 this

01:03:47.160 --> 01:03:48.160
 but quote

01:03:48.160 --> 01:03:48.740
 as soon

01:03:48.740 --> 01:03:49.140
 as she

01:03:49.140 --> 01:03:49.620
 learned

01:03:49.620 --> 01:03:50.500
 that it

01:03:50.500 --> 01:03:51.040
 was Bishop

01:03:51.040 --> 01:03:51.800
 Ambrose

01:03:51.800 --> 01:03:53.140
 who had

01:03:53.140 --> 01:03:53.480
 forbidden

01:03:53.480 --> 01:03:53.780
 it

01:03:53.780 --> 01:03:54.640
 she

01:03:54.640 --> 01:03:55.400
 piously

01:03:55.400 --> 01:03:55.980
 and

01:03:55.980 --> 01:03:57.300
 obediently

01:03:57.300 --> 01:03:57.960
 acceded

01:03:57.960 --> 01:03:58.420
 to it

01:03:58.420 --> 01:03:59.180
 and I

01:03:59.180 --> 01:04:00.380
 marveled

01:04:00.380 --> 01:04:00.960
 at how

01:04:00.960 --> 01:04:01.380
 readily

01:04:01.380 --> 01:04:02.280
 she could

01:04:02.280 --> 01:04:03.120
 bring herself

01:04:03.120 --> 01:04:04.060
 to accuse

01:04:04.060 --> 01:04:05.240
 her own

01:04:05.240 --> 01:04:05.760
 custom

01:04:05.760 --> 01:04:07.100
 rather than

01:04:07.100 --> 01:04:07.740
 question

01:04:07.740 --> 01:04:08.580
 Bishop

01:04:08.580 --> 01:04:09.160
 Ambrose

01:04:09.160 --> 01:04:11.260
 that

01:04:11.260 --> 01:04:12.220
 it shows

01:04:12.220 --> 01:04:12.600
 her this

01:04:12.600 --> 01:04:13.460
 I hope you

01:04:13.460 --> 01:04:13.780
 see this

01:04:13.780 --> 01:04:14.060
 willingness

01:04:14.060 --> 01:04:14.600
 in her

01:04:14.600 --> 01:04:15.280
 to take

01:04:15.280 --> 01:04:16.140
 harsh advice

01:04:16.140 --> 01:04:16.500
 sometimes

01:04:16.500 --> 01:04:17.019
 or difficult

01:04:17.019 --> 01:04:17.519
 advice

01:04:17.519 --> 01:04:18.240
 even if

01:04:18.240 --> 01:04:18.660
 lovingly

01:04:18.660 --> 01:04:18.880
 given

01:04:18.880 --> 01:04:19.980
 so she

01:04:19.980 --> 01:04:20.300
 stopped

01:04:20.300 --> 01:04:20.980
 that practice

01:04:20.980 --> 01:04:22.159
 and it

01:04:22.159 --> 01:04:22.679
 also speaks

01:04:22.679 --> 01:04:22.960
 well of

01:04:22.960 --> 01:04:23.360
 Ambrose

01:04:23.360 --> 01:04:23.820
 because you

01:04:23.820 --> 01:04:24.000
 didn't want

01:04:24.000 --> 01:04:24.460
 people doing

01:04:24.460 --> 01:04:24.719
 that

01:04:24.719 --> 01:04:27.159
 so by

01:04:27.159 --> 01:04:28.179
 long

01:04:28.179 --> 01:04:28.639
 suffering

01:04:28.639 --> 01:04:29.039
 and many

01:04:29.039 --> 01:04:29.500
 tears

01:04:29.500 --> 01:04:30.440
 as you

01:04:30.440 --> 01:04:31.119
 all know

01:04:31.119 --> 01:04:31.619
 Augustine

01:04:31.619 --> 01:04:32.300
 did eventually

01:04:32.300 --> 01:04:33.300
 become a

01:04:33.300 --> 01:04:33.619
 Christian

01:04:33.619 --> 01:04:34.240
 soon after

01:04:34.240 --> 01:04:34.679
 this

01:04:34.679 --> 01:04:35.539
 and

01:04:35.539 --> 01:04:37.179
 Augustine

01:04:37.179 --> 01:04:37.639
 would go

01:04:37.639 --> 01:04:38.360
 on to

01:04:38.360 --> 01:04:39.460
 use his

01:04:39.460 --> 01:04:40.219
 brilliant mind

01:04:40.219 --> 01:04:40.740
 to write

01:04:40.740 --> 01:04:41.320
 millions

01:04:41.320 --> 01:04:42.240
 of words

01:04:42.240 --> 01:04:43.440
 one scholar

01:04:43.440 --> 01:04:43.960
 has said

01:04:43.960 --> 01:04:45.099
 that he

01:04:45.099 --> 01:04:45.500
 wrote the

01:04:45.500 --> 01:04:45.960
 equivalent

01:04:45.960 --> 01:04:46.760
 of a

01:04:46.760 --> 01:04:47.559
 300 page

01:04:47.559 --> 01:04:48.219
 book every

01:04:48.219 --> 01:04:48.679
 year for

01:04:48.679 --> 01:04:49.460
 40 years

01:04:49.460 --> 01:04:50.900
 and

01:04:50.900 --> 01:04:51.420
 Augustine

01:04:51.420 --> 01:04:51.820
 himself

01:04:51.820 --> 01:04:52.280
 was so

01:04:52.280 --> 01:04:52.740
 impressed

01:04:52.740 --> 01:04:53.280
 by his

01:04:53.280 --> 01:04:53.740
 mother's

01:04:53.740 --> 01:04:54.260
 intelligence

01:04:54.260 --> 01:04:55.539
 that he

01:04:55.539 --> 01:04:56.139
 writes about

01:04:56.139 --> 01:04:56.500
 how he

01:04:56.500 --> 01:04:57.159
 would insist

01:04:57.159 --> 01:04:57.599
 that she

01:04:57.599 --> 01:04:58.059
 would join

01:04:58.059 --> 01:04:58.340
 them in

01:04:58.340 --> 01:04:58.940
 his theological

01:04:58.940 --> 01:05:00.000
 discussions

01:05:00.000 --> 01:05:00.480
 with his

01:05:00.480 --> 01:05:00.840
 friends

01:05:00.840 --> 01:05:01.639
 and how

01:05:01.639 --> 01:05:01.820
 she

01:05:01.820 --> 01:05:02.480
 participated

01:05:02.480 --> 01:05:03.019
 just as

01:05:03.019 --> 01:05:03.440
 fluently

01:05:03.440 --> 01:05:04.519
 as

01:05:04.519 --> 01:05:06.220
 all of

01:05:06.220 --> 01:05:06.619
 his fellow

01:05:06.619 --> 01:05:07.059
 scholars

01:05:07.059 --> 01:05:07.460
 did

01:05:07.460 --> 01:05:11.659
 and we

01:05:11.659 --> 01:05:12.119
 know almost

01:05:12.119 --> 01:05:12.500
 everything

01:05:12.500 --> 01:05:12.760
 about

01:05:12.760 --> 01:05:13.059
 Monica

01:05:13.059 --> 01:05:13.579
 because of

01:05:13.579 --> 01:05:14.179
 Augustine's

01:05:14.179 --> 01:05:14.800
 love for

01:05:14.800 --> 01:05:15.159
 her

01:05:15.159 --> 01:05:16.819
 and I

01:05:16.819 --> 01:05:17.219
 only give

01:05:17.219 --> 01:05:17.420
 you a

01:05:17.420 --> 01:05:17.539
 little

01:05:17.539 --> 01:05:18.000
 sampling

01:05:18.000 --> 01:05:18.559
 of that

01:05:18.559 --> 01:05:19.119
 in this

01:05:19.119 --> 01:05:20.279
 in the

01:05:20.279 --> 01:05:20.659
 interest of

01:05:20.659 --> 01:05:21.000
 time we're

01:05:21.000 --> 01:05:21.239
 just going

01:05:21.239 --> 01:05:21.739
 to hasten

01:05:21.739 --> 01:05:22.239
 through

01:05:22.239 --> 01:05:23.460
 some things

01:05:23.460 --> 01:05:23.899
 this is

01:05:23.899 --> 01:05:25.019
 a picture

01:05:25.019 --> 01:05:25.279
 of a

01:05:25.279 --> 01:05:25.879
 a

01:05:25.879 --> 01:05:26.179
 a

01:05:26.179 --> 01:05:26.480
 a

01:05:26.480 --> 01:05:27.079
 a

01:05:27.079 --> 01:05:28.279
 a

01:05:28.279 --> 01:05:28.519
 a

01:05:28.519 --> 01:05:28.559
 a

01:05:28.559 --> 01:05:28.599
 a

01:05:28.599 --> 01:05:28.619
 a

01:05:28.619 --> 01:05:29.159
 a

01:05:29.159 --> 01:05:30.420
 a

01:05:30.420 --> 01:05:30.440
 a

01:05:30.440 --> 01:05:30.559
 a

01:05:30.559 --> 01:05:30.659
 a

01:05:30.659 --> 01:05:30.679
 a

01:05:30.679 --> 01:05:31.199
 a

01:05:31.199 --> 01:05:32.480
 a

01:05:32.480 --> 01:05:32.599
 a

01:05:32.599 --> 01:05:33.119
 a

01:05:33.119 --> 01:05:33.599
 a

01:05:33.599 --> 01:05:33.719
 a

01:05:33.719 --> 01:05:33.920
 a

01:05:33.920 --> 01:05:34.159
 a

01:05:34.159 --> 01:05:34.559
 a

01:05:34.559 --> 01:05:34.639
 a

01:05:34.639 --> 01:05:35.159
 a

01:05:35.159 --> 01:05:35.559
 a

01:05:35.559 --> 01:05:35.859
 a

01:05:35.859 --> 01:05:36.480
 a

01:05:36.480 --> 01:05:36.920
 a

01:05:36.920 --> 01:05:36.980
 a

01:05:36.980 --> 01:05:37.980
 a

01:05:37.980 --> 01:05:38.980
 a

01:05:38.980 --> 01:05:39.420
 a

01:05:39.420 --> 01:05:39.980
 a

01:05:39.980 --> 01:05:40.980
 a

01:05:40.980 --> 01:05:41.420
 a

01:05:41.420 --> 01:05:41.980
 a

01:05:41.980 --> 01:05:42.980
 a

01:05:42.980 --> 01:05:43.980
 a

01:05:43.980 --> 01:05:44.980
 a

01:05:44.980 --> 01:05:45.159
 or

01:05:45.159 --> 01:05:45.519
 france

01:05:45.519 --> 01:05:45.860
 so

01:05:45.860 --> 01:05:46.300
 really

01:05:46.300 --> 01:05:46.760
 west

01:05:46.760 --> 01:05:47.159
 hard

01:05:47.159 --> 01:05:47.420
 to get

01:05:47.420 --> 01:05:47.579
 more

01:05:47.579 --> 01:05:47.840
 west

01:05:47.840 --> 01:05:48.019
 than

01:05:48.019 --> 01:05:48.260
 this

01:05:48.260 --> 01:05:48.860
 and

01:05:48.860 --> 01:05:49.079
 she

01:05:49.079 --> 01:05:49.280
 went

01:05:49.280 --> 01:05:49.420
 on

01:05:49.420 --> 01:05:49.559
 a

01:05:49.559 --> 01:05:49.940
 pilgrimage

01:05:49.940 --> 01:05:50.280
 and

01:05:50.280 --> 01:05:50.380
 you

01:05:50.380 --> 01:05:50.539
 can

01:05:50.539 --> 01:05:51.019
 see

01:05:51.019 --> 01:05:51.820
 multi-year

01:05:51.820 --> 01:05:52.280
 pilgrimage

01:05:52.280 --> 01:05:52.780
 she

01:05:52.780 --> 01:05:52.980
 came

01:05:52.980 --> 01:05:53.119
 to

01:05:53.119 --> 01:05:53.960
 constantinople

01:05:53.960 --> 01:05:54.820
 to

01:05:54.820 --> 01:05:55.639
 antioch

01:05:55.639 --> 01:05:55.840
 to

01:05:55.840 --> 01:05:56.460
 jerusalem

01:05:56.460 --> 01:05:57.360
 and then

01:05:57.360 --> 01:05:57.599
 to

01:05:57.599 --> 01:05:57.659
 a

01:05:57.659 --> 01:05:58.740
 and

01:05:58.740 --> 01:05:59.740
 her

01:05:59.740 --> 01:06:02.840
 tells us

01:06:02.840 --> 01:06:03.019
 all

01:06:03.019 --> 01:06:03.240
 these

01:06:03.240 --> 01:06:03.679
 things

01:06:03.679 --> 01:06:04.740
 it's

01:06:04.740 --> 01:06:05.000
 sad

01:06:05.000 --> 01:06:05.159
 that

01:06:05.159 --> 01:06:05.280
 we

01:06:05.280 --> 01:06:05.599
 only

01:06:05.599 --> 01:06:05.840
 have

01:06:05.840 --> 01:06:06.340
 portions

01:06:06.340 --> 01:06:06.539
 of

01:06:06.539 --> 01:06:06.740
 her

01:06:06.740 --> 01:06:07.079
 journal

01:06:07.079 --> 01:06:08.119
 left

01:06:08.119 --> 01:06:08.760
 she

01:06:08.760 --> 01:06:09.179
 strikes

01:06:09.179 --> 01:06:09.400
 us

01:06:09.400 --> 01:06:09.579
 as

01:06:09.579 --> 01:06:10.480
 an

01:06:10.480 --> 01:06:11.099
 intrepid

01:06:11.099 --> 01:06:11.699
 traveler

01:06:11.699 --> 01:06:12.559
 and

01:06:12.559 --> 01:06:12.960
 she

01:06:12.960 --> 01:06:13.679
 describes

01:06:13.679 --> 01:06:14.119
 all

01:06:14.119 --> 01:06:14.300
 of

01:06:14.300 --> 01:06:14.639
 these

01:06:14.639 --> 01:06:20.319
 sites. And the amazing thing is that many of these sites, people still go to Jerusalem to see today,

01:06:20.319 --> 01:06:25.400
 or they go to Mount Sinai. So she describes going up Mount Sinai and what it's like there.

01:06:25.400 --> 01:06:30.259
 And she describes being in Jerusalem and what the churches were like and what things looked like.

01:06:30.339 --> 01:06:35.980
 It's an invaluable historical treasure for scholars to know what the Christian East was like.

01:06:36.859 --> 01:06:44.400
 She also passed into Mesopotamia, into Edessa, which is a famous Christian city. Sometimes it

01:06:44.400 --> 01:06:47.920
 was in Rome. Sometimes it was in the Persian Empire. It was one of those cities that kind of went back

01:06:47.920 --> 01:06:53.519
 and forth. And she passed in there and wrote about all her journeys and also in Constantinople. And

01:06:53.519 --> 01:06:58.300
 she has these beautiful phrases where she's writing. She's writing this journal and then

01:06:58.300 --> 01:07:04.300
 sending it as a letter to her friends back home. And she keeps addressing her friends as,

01:07:04.460 --> 01:07:09.320
 dear beloved sisters, dear sisters, dear sisters, you'll never believe what I saw today. And

01:07:09.320 --> 01:07:16.559
 writes all this. It's a wonderful little journal. The last woman I want to share with you all is a

01:07:16.559 --> 01:07:23.680
 hymnographer, Cassia. We're now advancing well into the medieval church, actually. Cassia was Greek.

01:07:24.160 --> 01:07:32.500
 She was born in Constantinople into a wealthy family. Around 805-810 is when she was born. And she was said to be

01:07:32.500 --> 01:07:40.460
 exceptionally beautiful and intelligent and so beautiful, in fact, that when the young emperor

01:07:40.460 --> 01:07:47.179
 was wanting to be married, he decided to have a party where he would invite all the most eligible

01:07:47.179 --> 01:07:55.739
 noble ladies to come, who were the prettiest, and take his pick. And Cassia was there. And the young

01:07:55.739 --> 01:08:00.559
 emperor approached her. And there's this famous phrase where, you know, the emperor is haughty. This is

01:08:00.559 --> 01:08:06.679
 not how you should try to woo a woman, I don't think. But he's very haughty, and he wants to

01:08:06.679 --> 01:08:13.299
 seem superior to everybody. So he just goes up to her, and he says, through a woman came forth

01:08:13.299 --> 01:08:21.500
 the baser things. And he's referring to Eve and how she sinned. And he's trying to put Cassia in her

01:08:21.500 --> 01:08:27.779
 place. And Cassia was said to immediately retort, and through a woman came the better things,

01:08:27.779 --> 01:08:35.079
 referring to Mary bringing forth Jesus. And the emperor was embarrassed and decided not to marry

01:08:35.079 --> 01:08:41.859
 her. And that was probably good for Cassia. She went on to become a nun and never married.

01:08:42.319 --> 01:08:48.739
 But she wrote many hymns. And these are kind of in two groups, as I understand it. Some of them are

01:08:48.739 --> 01:08:53.939
 just kind of pithy sayings, like proverbial advice. It's things that you would read in the Proverbs.

01:08:53.939 --> 01:09:00.419
 So she has, this is what she says about beauty. She says, one should prefer a drop of luck than great

01:09:00.419 --> 01:09:07.859
 beauty. It is better to possess grace from the Lord than beauty and wealth, which does not gain grace.

01:09:08.979 --> 01:09:15.839
 Or she has this on friendship. A friendship that is not founded on loving Christ.

01:09:15.840 --> 01:09:23.100
 Harmony is not possible for it, but rather strife. Give freely of friendship to a loving friend.

01:09:23.319 --> 01:09:30.119
 But to an ungrateful one, friendship is vain. A little is the most if the friend is grateful.

01:09:30.640 --> 01:09:37.880
 But to the ungrateful, the most is the least. She has lots of sayings like this. I will share her

01:09:37.880 --> 01:09:44.520
 most famous hymn with you. It's called The Hymn of the Fallen Woman. And it's about the woman who came

01:09:44.520 --> 01:09:52.380
 to anoint Jesus before his burial and was washing his feet with her hair and mourning over her sins.

01:09:53.120 --> 01:10:03.300
 And she says this, Lord, the woman fallen into many sins, recognizing your divinity rises to the

01:10:03.300 --> 01:10:11.820
 status of myrrh bearer. So she's bearing myrrh to anoint Jesus. And with mourning, she brings to you

01:10:11.819 --> 01:10:19.479
 myrrh before your burial. Woe to me, she says, for night holds for me the ecstasy of intemperance,

01:10:19.979 --> 01:10:29.719
 gloomy and moonless, a desire for sin. Accept the springs of my tears. You who with clouds spread out

01:10:29.719 --> 01:10:38.239
 the water of the sea, bend down to me, to the lamentations of my heart. You who made the heavens

01:10:38.239 --> 01:10:46.059
 incline by your ineffable humiliation. I will tenderly kiss your sacred feet. I will wipe them

01:10:46.059 --> 01:10:57.460
 again with the hair of my head. The feet who sound eve heard in paradise in the afternoon and hid in fear.

01:10:58.399 --> 01:11:03.239
 Who can describe the multitude of my sins and the depths of your judgment? My redeemer,

01:11:03.239 --> 01:11:10.859
 savior of souls. Do not disregard me, your servant. You whose mercy is infinite.

01:11:12.079 --> 01:11:20.939
 I love how she describes this woman wiping Jesus's feet with her hair and remembers in the book of

01:11:20.939 --> 01:11:26.019
 Genesis when it says that Adam and Eve heard the sound of the Lord walking in the cool of the day and

01:11:26.019 --> 01:11:32.399
 hid from him because they have feared judgment. But here we have this woman coming to his feet and

01:11:32.399 --> 01:11:39.460
 clinging to him. Well, I hope that these little vignettes have given you an appreciation for some

01:11:39.460 --> 01:11:45.519
 early Christian women. We've spoken of disciples of Jesus, especially in the Gospel of Luke, Mary and

01:11:45.519 --> 01:11:52.099
 Martha, Mary Magdalene, Anna, Elizabeth, Mary the mother of Jesus, Peter's wife, and perhaps the wife of

01:11:52.099 --> 01:11:59.239
 Cleopas. And after them, there were the martyrs, Blandina and Perpetua and Felicity. And we also

01:11:59.239 --> 01:12:05.199
 turned to the Empress Mamea, the slave Nino, the apostle of the Georgians, the poet Proba, the loving

01:12:05.199 --> 01:12:12.899
 mother Monica, and the traveler Agiria and Cassia, the hymnographer. I hope these women have encouraged

01:12:12.899 --> 01:12:17.500
 you in your walk of faith. We have a few more minutes if you guys want to ask questions, but I've kind of

01:12:17.500 --> 01:12:23.619
 gone over a bit in time so we can close two if that would be more appropriate.