Alright, so 2 Samuel is our home group book for the next year. This is the guide and commentary that the leaders will be using.
! If you don't have one and you want to get one, that's Dale Ralph Davis's 2 Samuel, Out of Every Adversity.
So that's really quite a good book. It talks about all the issues, got good discussion questions at the end and it's really accessible and it's not written in a too technical kind of way.
So really a good book to get for yourself as well to work through that.
And of course, we're following on from 1 Samuel about a year, 2 years ago.
So, a lot of what you hear tonight, if you were here for that, will be familiar, but it's good to recap that and refresh those things because essentially 1 and 2 Samuel originally were one book as circulated in the Old Testament.
So a lot of what we said there are still relevant for 2 Samuel. And it's 2 years ago, let's be honest.
So 2 Samuel, but first for something not very different.
Before we dive into the book itself, it's good to recap a bit about covenants and how the Bible works, how the biblical story works and how the biblical story brings us to this place in the Bible of 2 Samuel.
The Bible story is God's kingdom coming through covenants, God's kingdom breaking into this world and being established in this world by way of God's covenant with his people.
And that kingdom, as it's visible in this world, grows as the covenants that God makes with his people become more visible and expand through the course of the history that we find in the Bible.
Just like that tree that's grown from that little seed into a sapling, into a little tree, into this massive tree like the fir tree that we've got out the back.
That's very helpful in many ways.
So the story is God's people, the story works towards an ideal and as we see it unfold in the history of the Bible, it is a story of God's people in God's land, under God's rule, awaiting a Sabbath rest that is promised to them.
And that is what the message is to Israel as they come out of Egypt.
At the Exodus, as they go into this promised land, there is the idea of rest.
If you go into this land and obey my law, then you will enjoy the blessing of rest.
But there is always this idea of an eternal rest that is coming.
Right from Genesis 3, really, where our labour is now afflicted and affected by toil and marked by toil.
Work is hard now.
Even from there, there is the idea that there will be a rest from those things.
The creation account itself, God resting on the seventh day.
And it's always administered by a representative.
God's people are led by Moses, and then we've got the judges, and then Saul, David, and the rest of the kings.
And of course, it works towards Jesus, ruling and reigning over his people.
And the ideal that it works towards is God's kingdom in a new creation.
Where, finally, his son will reign over God's people.
And at the moment, we're not quite in that Sabbath rest yet.
But we're in this time, in this epoch, between those representatives and the not yet, the waiting for the full fulfillment, the full culmination of all of this.
Where God's people are under God's son, and under his bride, the church.
We are under the authority of Christ, in this time mediated through the church.
But we're still awaiting a Sabbath rest.
How does the covenant work?
The covenants in the Bible all have an element of grace, starting with grace.
There's an element of law.
We'll unpack this now.
And that law has aspects of blessing and curse attached to it.
But regardless of how that plays out, there's always grace in the end.
Which, as we go through the Bible story, is very good news.
So, two main types of covenants in the Bible, really.
Works and grace.
Covenant of works with Adam in the Garden of Eden.
Debated by some scholars, but generally in Reformed circles, we buy into that.
That there was a covenant of works with Adam.
That Adam was given tasks.
If he obeyed God, that would have led to eternal life, eternal blessing.
We're not talking about that now.
We're talking about the covenant of grace, which follows from that.
And unfolds through the rest of the Bible story, leading to the fulfillment in Jesus Christ.
So, how does the Bible story grow?
Like we said, in various stages in this covenant of grace.
There's the covenant of restoration with the seed of the woman.
Genesis 3, like we said.
Covenant of preservation with Noah.
I won't destroy the earth again, as with this flood.
Covenant of promise with Abraham.
In you all the nations of the earth will be blessed.
And looking forward to Abraham's seed and doing that.
The covenant of law with Israel, Moses.
And they all have signs attached to them.
The rainbow with Noah, circumcision with Abraham.
The Sabbath attached to the covenant of law with Moses.
That's a sign of that.
The covenant of the kingdom with David.
And then the covenant of fulfillment made with the church.
The new covenant.
And really what we see in the book, this book and the Bible up to now, the historical books,
is that covenant of law with Israel and the covenant of the kingdom with David.
And as we start to Samuel, we're still in the transition between those two stages, really.
We transition into Samuel between those two stages of the unfolding of the covenant.
Up to now they've been under the law of Israel.
They've been out of Egypt.
In Exodus received the law.
And we're about to see in 2 Samuel, God expanding the covenant into the next phase.
The covenant with David.
So that's important to keep in mind with what's going on in 2 Samuel.
Generally, this is the unfolding of the next stage of God's plan for his people.
The covenant of law.
That was the stage that we're in up to now.
God said, I will be your God and you will be my people.
And this applied to the people in the land in this way.
So God elected Israel's fathers while there were still, you know, idolaters, Abraham and all of them.
He rescued them from Egypt.
He graciously blessed them even through Balaam, the unbeliever.
And he graciously gave them the land through Joshua.
All the initiative of God.
Grace is the starting point of that covenant.
People sometimes try to separate these things, grace and law.
We can't really do that.
They're intertwined.
But the covenant starts with grace.
The law is they must obey God's laws as the way of life in the covenant.
God says, this is how you should live.
And makes it pretty clear.
And out of that law, attached to that is blessing and curse.
Their stay in the land is conditional on them obeying the law.
In the land that God's given them, Canaan.
Blessing means enjoying life in that land.
Curse means slavery to their enemies and exile ultimately.
So what do they do?
They go and disobey God's laws and they fall into idolatry.
And ultimately they go into exile.
But before that, I mean right from the beginning, they go into the land.
They fall into idolatry.
And that's the whole story of judges, isn't it?
Right from the beginning.
It doesn't take them very long.
And they start to disobey God's laws.
They're led into idolatry by various people.
And God has to raise up leader after leader for them.
To rescue them from that.
And from their enemies.
And give them rest.
And there's a downward spiral in judges.
In 1 Samuel we then saw, isn't it, that God responds ultimately after that whole saga in judges.
And they cry out, we want a king.
They of course say, we want a king like the nations.
And that's a sinful request.
Because God told them in Deuteronomy, don't ask for a king like the nations.
And they go and do exactly that.
So he graciously responds to that request.
And gives them what they asked for.
Choose a Saul from the tribe of Benjamin.
And Saul must now respond by faith to God.
For this grace shown to him.
And chosen as king.
There's a lot in Deuteronomy.
Deuteronomy 17.
About one day when they do get a king.
How this king should live.
And obey and lead them.
So that's already established.
Israel's king must obey God's laws.
And study them.
And meditate them.
And meditate upon them.
And govern in accordance with them.
That's been established for a long time.
Blessing for the king is.
It will go well with him and the nation.
The nation is blessed.
Or cursed.
In many ways.
Through the actions of the king.
The representative.
And the red ministers.
God's people.
If the king disobeys.
He and the nation will be swept away.
So there's really a question of life and death.
In the covenants.
So what we're coming to now.
Is the covenant of the kingdom.
The covenant God makes with David.
Transitions from the covenant with Moses.
And particularly chapter 7.
So when we get there.
That will be a big thing.
That we'll look at.
So grace.
Again.
God responds in grace to David's poor background.
He's not wealthy.
He's not well thought of.
His family.
They're not.
They don't have high status.
He's not even the eldest.
God knows all the moral failures.
That we'll see of David.
Already.
And yet still chooses him.
To make a covenant with him.
In this way.
And to get him to lead the people.
And the covenant isn't just any covenant.
God promises to establish the kingdom of his son forever.
Through David.
Which is an incredible thought.
Given where David was.
At that stage.
Before God called him.
And now again.
David must respond by faith.
In God's covenant's promise.
Saul had to do that.
We've seen how tragically he failed in doing that.
In 1 Samuel.
That's the question now in 2 Samuel.
Isn't it?
Is David going to be different?
Is David going to respond in faith to God's promises?
Unlike Saul.
That's the cliffhanger that we're on.
That's the tension.
That the writer of Samuel.
wants us to feel.
Again.
David and his son are to obey God's laws.
And that.
Word son there is important.
In that covenant with David.
It comes up.
You know.
We see Solomon succeed.
David.
Not quite into Samuel.
Beginning of 1 Kings.
But that's kind of a tension.
That runs through it as well.
Is.
Is one of the sons.
Going to be the son.
That is talked about in 2 Samuel.
And.
We looking back.
Know that.
Ultimately.
That is Jesus Christ.
Who is a descendant of David.
But.
You know.
We'll talk about a bit.
About this a bit.
As we go along.
With something like this.
We.
Often run the risk.
Of jumping too quickly.
To Jesus.
It's always a good thing.
To go to Jesus.
And that's where we need to end up.
But.
Reading back.
We sometimes.
Maybe do ourselves.
A disservice.
Of dwelling in the text.
As it.
Is.
And.
You know.
Not letting ourselves.
Feel the tension.
That the readers of that time.
Would have felt themselves.
So.
Maybe as we kind of.
Go through this year.
Try and do that.
And see.
How would someone have read it.
At the time.
You know.
Or between then.
And.
Seeing how this is fulfilled.
In Jesus.
Um.
I think that helps us.
Um.
The grace is that.
Although David's son.
Might sin.
Um.
God will not.
Remove his love.
From him.
But will establish the throne.
Of his kingdom.
Forever.
That's the promise.
That God makes to David.
Isn't it?
This is an eternal.
Kingdom.
An eternal throne.
And.
That is.
That is the grace.
Already right there.
Um.
That's good to.
Remember.
So.
Why don't you say.
Samuel.
That's a bit of.
Kingdom.
Um.
By the way.
On.
Covenant.
If you want to read more.
John T.
Rhodes.
Our minister in Leeds.
Has written this.
Very very helpful book.
Uh.
On covenants.
It's.
Again.
Very accessible.
And.
Really.
You know.
Easy to read.
And.
Really unpacks all of this.
How God deals with these people.
Through covenants.
So.
Yeah.
Highly recommended.
I don't think we've got any at the book table at the moment.
You know.
Maybe we'll get some in future again.
Um.
So why don't you Samuel.
Uh.
Quick.
Recap.
Just of where this fits in.
In the.
In the Old Testament.
The Old Testament.
The.
The Jewish Bible.
They structure it in.
Three ways.
And if you.
Buy a Hebrew Old Testament.
It doesn't say.
The Old Testament.
Obviously.
Um.
But it says.
The.
The Torah.
The Nevi'im.
And the Ketuvim.
The instruction.
The prophets.
And the writings.
The Torah.
The first five books of the Bible.
And that's sometimes called law.
You know.
That's one way of.
Of.
Translating Torah.
But it's more.
Instruction.
More broadly.
So.
Still valid.
And feeding into all of the others.
The prophets.
Um.
And that's really where.
One and two Samuels.
Still fit in as well.
And in the writings.
That's various things like.
The wisdom literature.
And.
Psalms.
And so on.
Um.
So we're in the prophets.
Um.
And the prophets again.
Oh.
Yeah.
Oh.
Yeah.
So the former prophets.
Um.
That's where it sits.
The kind of.
Early.
Uh.
Before.
The.
The exile.
And just before the exile.
And then the latter prophets.
You know.
Isaiah.
Jeremiah.
Ezekiel.
Daniel.
Isn't there as well.
And the twelve.
Prophets.
Um.
But we're in that.
Former prophets.
It's still fairly early on.
Um.
The prophets.
What do prophets do?
Prophets speak God's word.
Into the world.
Um.
And.
You know.
We'll see later on as well.
You know.
That's.
That's how.
The New Testament writers.
Viewed Samuel as well.
And the books of Samuel.
Um.
As.
God's word being proclaimed into.
The world at the time.
Um.
And still into the world.
You know.
Into the world they were living in.
Uh.
After Jesus had come already.
Um.
So that is.
Really the way that we should look at these books too.
They're not just historical writings.
About.
Events that happened.
They are God speaking his word.
Um.
Into.
Our world.
And our lives as well.
Um.
And a quick recap.
Samuel.
Starts with Eli.
Um.
Disappears off the scene fairly quickly.
Um.
Samuel.
The prophet.
Um.
Judges.
He's the last judge.
Um.
And then.
The.
The bulk of.
One Samuel.
Really.
Is the reign and decline of Saul.
And then.
The rise of David.
Um.
Through a lot of adversity.
Um.
And that's where the title of that.
Uh.
Dale Rolf Davis commentary is.
Out of every adversity.
That's what David says.
When he.
When he's crowned.
At the beginning of 2 Samuel.
And he says.
Lord you've rescued me out of every adversity.
He really suffers quite a lot under Saul.
Um.
But that's the.
That's the.
That's one Samuel.
Um.
Just worth.
Think.
Remembering.
Um.
Hello.
Okay.
Um.
At the end of Ruth.
We've got.
Ruth.
Needing to be redeemed.
By our kinsman redeemer.
And there's a Mr. So and So.
Um.
Who's the.
The nearest person.
Um.
Boaz.
Takes over.
Mr. So and So.
Again.
Think about.
You know.
For all eternity.
He'll be known as Mr. So and So.
Um.
Boaz takes over.
He steps in.
And.
From there.
From that.
Union.
Uh.
David is a descendant.
And from there.
Jesus Christ.
So.
It.
This has been predicted.
And been.
Been.
Ordained by God.
A long time.
Before already.
We see the seeds of that.
Already in Ruth.
Um.
Yeah.
Um.
In terms of.
Structure.
Of 1 and 2 Samuel.
Um.
Again.
They're kind of.
We've got them as two books.
In the Bible.
But.
They really.
Are.
Apparently.
As best we can tell.
Were.
Written and seen.
As one book.
Um.
From a very.
Very early.
Time.
Um.
So.
We've got our.
Kind of.
Start of 2 Samuel.
Really.
In the middle.
Of a block.
Um.
In a story arc.
That goes.
Right from 1 Samuel.
Um.
So just worth keeping in mind.
As we delve into it.
Next week.
Um.
From this.
Commentary.
From Delrell Davis.
That we'll be using.
This is how he devised it up.
So 1 Samuel 1 to 7.
Primary focus is.
Is Samuel.
And there's a summary section.
At the end of 1 Samuel 7.
Um.
1 Samuel 8 to 14.
Is Saul.
Saul coming into power.
Well.
Summary of that.
Um.
And then.
The section that we're going to delve into now.
And that we've finished.
When we've finished 1 Samuel.
Is.
David 1.
Um.
1 Samuel 15.
Through to 2 Samuel 8.
Is.
David really coming into.
Into power.
David coming into.
Office as king.
David being anointed.
Uh.
The death of Saul.
That transition happening.
The contestation that happens around that.
It's not easy.
It.
It's not obvious.
It's going to be.
Right from the beginning.
We'll see people.
Disputing.
Um.
David's claim to the throne.
Uh.
Which.
Uh.
They shouldn't be.
Given that.
God.
Anoints him.
As king.
But.
That's the case.
So that's the story.
Through to.
2 Samuel 8.
2 Samuel 7.
Is.
The high point there.
Isn't it.
Where God.
Makes this covenant.
With David.
And establishes.
David's throne.
Forever.
And.
2 Samuel 8.
Ends again.
With a summary section.
And.
Uh.
These summary sections.
You know.
We can read that.
Read that.
Very quickly.
Um.
It's.
It sounds a bit dry.
Um.
So David reigned.
Over all Israel.
And David administered.
Justice and equity.
To all his people.
Joab.
The son of Zeruiah.
Zeruiah.
Was over the army.
And Jehoshaphat.
The son of Ahilud.
Was recorder.
And Zadok.
The son of Ahitub.
And Ahimelech.
The son of Abiathar.
Were priests.
And Zeruiah.
Was secretary.
And Benaiah.
The son of Jehoiada.
Was over the Cherithites.
And the Pelethites.
And David's sons.
Were priests.
Um.
But there's a lot of theological richness.
In there.
Um.
How does David.
Administer.
Just.
Uh.
Obviously reign.
He administered justice.
And equity.
To all his people.
Um.
That's the ideal of the king.
Isn't it?
Um.
And I think.
Just.
You know.
Even in the.
In the.
In who's listed there.
It reinforces this idea of kingdom.
The kingdom is now established.
The kingdom is ordered.
There are people doing these various things.
Um.
It's such a contrast to judges.
You know.
Just not very long before that.
Where it ends with.
Everyone did what was right in his own eyes.
Um.
So.
There is a message that comes with that as well.
Um.
The middle block.
Uh.
David 2.
So 9 to 20.
Is a long stretch.
Again with a similar kind of a.
A summary section.
Um.
And.
We'll unpack a bit more about what happens there.
But.
And then he has the last section.
21 to 24.
As kingdom.
Um.
Just a heading.
Um.
Zooming in on 2 Samuel a bit.
Just from this Delo of Davis.
Commentary again.
Um.
The title for 1 to 8.
Is.
A man after God's own heart.
Um.
Again.
That's the big contrast with Saul.
Isn't it?
Saul was.
Not a man after God's own heart.
He was not the king that.
Uh.
Israel should have wanted.
He is the one they wanted.
He didn't have a heart.
Um.
That was.
After God in the first place.
Um.
But now we have a man who's after God's own heart.
Picked by God.
Specifically to be.
The king over Israel.
Um.
In the middle block again.
So that's really.
The heading he gives for that is.
A servant under God's rod.
Um.
A servant under God's rod.
Now.
When we go through those.
Those chapters.
We'll see why he does that.
Um.
Quite early on.
In.
That section.
Um.
Chapter 10.
11.
Um.
Is.
Bathsheba and Uriah.
Um.
Again.
Quite shocking.
Um.
Uh.
What happens there.
Quite disappointing.
For the reader.
Here's this king.
A man who's after God's own heart.
And.
It doesn't take him long.
To.
Um.
Fall for his own particular.
Sins.
Um.
And.
Uh.
To transgress God's law.
Um.
And.
To basically follow his own lusts.
Um.
And.
A last chunk of that.
Section of 9 to 20.
Is actually the outworking of that.
Um.
There's.
Uh.
David and his family.
Suffers.
Quite significantly.
As a result of that.
Um.
It's not that when God.
Made the covenant with David.
And he established.
David's throne forever.
That.
That means there would be no consequences.
Um.
Going forward.
Um.
Uh.
David's children suffer.
Um.
The child dies.
Uh.
And then.
We've got the shocking.
Uh.
Episode of.
Um.
Tamar.
Uh.
And.
Uh.
What's his name?
Um.
Here.
Sorry?
Um.
Yes.
Amnon.
Um.
Who sleeps with his sister.
Um.
Absalom kills him.
There's a whole.
Spiraling out of control.
It almost feels.
At that stage.
Which again.
You know.
Makes us think.
What is going on?
Um.
What is the.
What is.
What is going to happen?
Um.
But.
He is a servant under God's rod.
Um.
And.
We see through those chapters.
How.
David really.
Realizes both his dependence on God.
His own.
Limitations and inadequacies.
Um.
And we.
We are reminded.
To look forward.
To the true king.
Who is going to be.
The.
The promised king.
The king we look forward to.
And reminded that David is not.
Is not.
That king.
Just yet.
Um.
Yeah.
And then the last bit.
Kingdom.
Kingdom in God's hands.
We've covered that.
Um.
On that last bit.
I like.
This bit from Robert Bergen's.
New American commentary.
A bit more.
So.
He kind of divides it.
Roughly in the same.
You know.
The first block.
Although he says.
Two Samuel one.
Goes with one Samuel.
That's the end of Saul's dynasty.
He lumps everything together.
Two to twenty.
And say that's.
David reigns as king.
I think that's maybe a bit.
Broad brush stroke.
Um.
Over it.
Um.
But the last bit.
Is kind of an aside.
Illustrations of David's.
Roles in his.
In his relationship with.
The Lord.
And we've got a whole bunch.
Of different.
Almost vignettes.
In that section.
So it feels a bit.
Batchy.
But it's.
It's probably designed.
To show.
Different aspects of.
David's roles.
In his relationship.
Uh.
With the Lord.
Leading the people.
Leading worship.
Various types of things.
Um.
What are the functions.
Of 2 Samuel.
Um.
A couple of different things.
You can.
You can argue.
To Samuel.
Roles.
To Samuel.
Plays.
Um.
And they're not.
Mutually exclusive.
Um.
Firstly.
It is history.
It records.
Historical events.
Gives us an insight.
Into what happened.
And what is.
What was the historical unfolding.
Of this.
Plan of God.
For.
The salvation.
Of.
Of his people.
And.
Uh.
The.
Glorification of his son.
Um.
That plays out in history.
And.
To Samuel.
One and two Samuel.
Gives us.
Part of that story.
Um.
We can date some of the events.
You know.
If David.
Started to reign as king.
Is about 10.
10 BC.
You know.
Then.
You know.
You can work from there.
And.
You know.
David was born.
About 1040.
Um.
You know.
Uh.
Up to.
Abner.
Murdered by Joab.
And to Samuel 3.
And so on.
All those kinds of events.
The first couple of chapters.
That's about.
1003 BC.
Um.
So quite quickly actually.
This in terms of dating it.
Chronologically.
Um.
The bulk of.
To Samuel.
Lay out.
Less than a thousand years.
Before.
Jesus was born.
Um.
But yeah.
We can do that.
Um.
Literary art.
I'll talk a bit more about.
Hebrew narrative.
And how we look at that.
When we look at.
The.
The text.
Um.
But.
You know.
People who study these things.
Say it is actually quite a.
Quite a.
High quality work.
Of.
Literary art.
Um.
Uh.
You know.
And.
We.
We maybe miss that.
Through our kind of.
Over familiarity.
With the text.
But.
We'll.
We'll look at that a bit more.
As we go.
Um.
On tonight.
But.
Yeah.
Don't.
Don't let the.
Um.
The art.
The.
The prose.
Of the narrative.
Of.
Pass you by.
And what the writers.
Are trying to do.
Um.
An apology.
Not.
I'm sorry.
Um.
Apology.
In the kind of.
Biblical discipline.
Kind of a sense of.
Giving a reason for.
Um.
And.
You know.
Lots of people have.
Uh.
Written about this.
Kind of arguing that.
In that time.
When this was written.
You know.
The time of.
Uh.
Solomon.
Probably.
Um.
Written probably by Samuel.
Gad.
Nathan.
The prophets.
One of the.
You know.
Main.
Main avenues.
Of.
Thinking about who wrote this.
And we don't know for certain.
But.
That this is to provide an accounting.
For.
Some of the controversial actions.
And policies.
Of.
David.
And Solomon.
And.
You know.
Then through that.
Their descendants.
And.
And especially.
The kind of.
Rise of David.
And the succession.
Narratives.
In 1 and 2 Samuel.
So.
What do we mean by that?
Well.
I mean.
David displaced Saul.
Obviously.
From the throne.
Um.
And.
His male heirs.
You know.
There was a.
There's a.
That.
As we'll see.
When we look at 2 Samuel.
Didn't happen.
Very easily.
There wasn't a universal.
You know.
Acclamation of David.
Signing as king.
Um.
So now.
You know.
If you don't deal with that.
You know.
And explain.
How this happened.
And why this happened.
And you'll always have this problem.
Um.
So you know.
Some of the.
Kind of most damaging accusations.
Against David.
Could have been the following.
You know.
He usurped Saul's throne.
He coerced the religious establishment.
Into.
Uh.
Conspiring against Saul.
You know.
He organized and led a.
A rebel military force.
Um.
Uh.
You know.
After he was banished from Israel.
He plundered and raided Israel's territories.
Uh.
They fought with the Philistines.
Uh.
In that battle.
In which Saul died.
Um.
And he was.
He was responsible for executing Saul's male relatives.
And various things like that.
That.
That's the story that would have been out there.
Um.
And 2 Samuel in a sense.
Tells.
Tells the different story.
It tells the real story.
It puts the facts on the table.
Um.
So to speak.
So you know.
People could have.
Could have quite understandably.
You know.
And.
Believed some of those stories.
If these weren't there.
But.
The books of Samuel.
And 2 Samuel especially.
Makes.
Quite clear.
That.
David didn't act improperly.
Towards Saul.
Um.
Or any member of his household.
You know.
He never tried to kill Saul.
Or remove him from the throne.
Um.
He was willing to wait.
Um.
Even though Saul made at least 16 efforts.
16 different efforts to murder David.
Um.
So the narrative portrays Saul.
David as loyal to Saul.
Um.
And his household.
Even.
Even long after Saul's death.
Um.
So it really wants to make that clear.
Um.
And.
What it also tells us.
Is that key members of Saul's family.
Um.
And his administration.
And his kingdom.
Recognized and respected David.
As Saul's rightful successor.
Um.
Saul.
Even.
Um.
Jonathan.
His son.
Michal.
Um.
His wife.
Abner.
The elders of Israel.
Saul's military officers.
You know.
They all are represented.
In 1 and 2 Samuel.
As responding positively.
To some aspect of David.
And his career.
Um.
So the story out there.
That.
There was universal negative.
You know.
Feelings from any of those quarters.
Towards David.
Is dispelled in 2 Samuel.
That's.
That's what the writer wants to put on the table.
Making it even.
Saul was positive towards David.
Um.
You know.
Jonathan will look at that a bit.
Um.
Later on.
Is.
You know.
He was.
He was the rightful heir.
In some sense.
You know.
In the people's eyes.
And he's the one that's.
Right up front there.
And the main one who's.
Um.
Saying.
David.
You should be king.
Um.
Not me.
Um.
And.
Also.
Not as David.
But then Solomon's rise to kingship.
After that.
Now that kind of.
Goes in a bit into 1 Kings.
But 2 Samuel.
Sets the stage for that.
Um.
Now if you think about.
How Solomon.
Becomes king.
After David.
That's also contested.
That's also not quite.
You know.
Clean.
Clean cut.
As clean cut as.
Maybe.
Well.
Definitely.
As Solomon would have wanted.
Um.
Now he makes a public claim to the throne.
Only after his brother.
Adonijah.
Has already been anointed as king.
Um.
And.
Not only did Solomon's claim come later than Adonijah's.
But.
It was weaker.
Because.
Uh.
Adonijah was David's oldest living son.
And.
Solomon apparently was David's.
You know.
Only David's.
Tenth born son.
Um.
To Samuel.
Three.
And five.
Talks about that.
Um.
So not quite.
High up.
As high up the picking order.
As you would need to establish.
Your claim to the throne.
Uh.
Very easily.
And very strongly.
Um.
Yeah.
He had David's military commander.
Joab.
Put to death.
Uh.
And then he.
Continues killing some of Saul's relatives.
So.
He's got a problem.
And 2 Samuel needs to deal with that.
Um.
But.
When we read 2 Samuel.
We're prepared to.
React positively.
To Solomon's.
Elevation to the throne.
So keep out.
Keep a lookout for those things.
As we go through the text.
Um.
There are significant indications.
In 2 Samuel.
That the Lord had long desired.
Solomon to be as well as next king.
Um.
Of David's fifteen sons.
Mentioned by name in 2 Samuel.
It's only said of Solomon.
That.
The Lord loved him.
In 2 Samuel 12.
Um.
And not just that.
He's the only child.
Who was given the rare privilege.
Of being renamed.
By the Lord.
Through the prophet Nathan.
When Samuel's born.
The prophet Nathan comes to David.
And says.
You're going to.
You know.
Rename him.
Jedi Diah.
Which means.
Beloved of the Lord.
For the Lord loved him.
Um.
You know.
Then.
Various things.
Going out of that.
So kind of.
From an apology perspective.
That's.
That's one of the.
One of the functions.
That 2 Samuel has.
Um.
So if we don't look at it that way.
We're missing part of what the narrative is trying to prepare us for.
Um.
Theology.
Um.
There is.
Um.
Lots of.
Deep and rich theological concepts.
In 2 Samuel.
Again.
It's not just the history story.
Uh.
Covenant.
Like we said.
This whole explosion.
Almost of the covenant now.
This is.
You know.
Or.
You know.
If it's not quite.
Full HD.
As in the new covenant.
We're definitely.
You know.
Moving from black and white TV.
To color now.
Um.
So covenant is really important.
God's presence.
With his people.
You know.
David prepares for the temple to be built.
Uh.
The tabernacle is there.
The tabernacle plays a big role.
Mentioned over and over again.
So look out for that.
Um.
And really.
The kind of whole thing about wholehearted obedience.
To God.
Um.
What happens when we don't have wholehearted obedience to God.
And.
What are the consequences.
And how does God deal with that.
Um.
And there's a.
You know.
God does not.
Let those things pass by.
As we see in David's own life.
But we see the gracious nature of how God deals with his people.
Because of his own promises.
Um.
And it's scripture.
Um.
In the Old Testament.
Um.
It's.
There's various kind of overlaps with the Torah.
The first five books of the Bible.
Various concepts.
I'm not going to go through all of them now.
But.
Um.
There's a.
Legal connections.
And in the law itself.
And one and two Samuel.
Things like burnt offerings.
And the Ark of God.
And circumcision with the covenant sign.
All kinds of stuff like that.
And then in two Samuel.
There's a whole lot of things that might seem strange to us.
If we don't see it in the light of what God had already told Israel.
In the Torah.
And the law.
Um.
There are things like carrying the Ark by hand.
You know.
There's an episode in two Samuel.
Isn't there.
Where that's not done.
And that has serious consequences.
Um.
It's not arbitrary.
It's coming out of the blue.
Death penalty for adultery.
Um.
Cities of refuge.
Various things.
Census.
Right at the end of two Samuel two.
When David has his folly of ordering a census of the nation.
Um.
And, um.
The census calling a plague.
That comes from Exodus 30.
Uh.
Verses 11 to 16.
So.
The.
Yeah.
It's part of the Old Testament.
The scripture.
Obviously.
Um.
It follows on from the Torah.
With this motif of the shepherd.
As a noble leader.
Um.
Abel.
Abraham.
Isaac.
Jacob.
Judah.
Moses.
They're all.
Spoken of as shepherds.
In the Old Testament.
So.
In 1 Samuel.
The opening scenes.
If you remember.
Where Saul can't find the donkeys.
Um.
You know.
That's not just.
The story again.
Of what.
What happened.
You know.
He's portrayed as an incompetent shepherd.
Who can't even find these large animals.
Um.
And they go home later on.
Without Saul even finding them.
Um.
And the audience is prepared through that.
To evaluate Saul.
As an unrighteous and tragic character.
In Israel's history.
But on the other hand.
David is initially.
Portrayed as.
You know.
A faithful shepherd.
Who is with the flock.
When everybody else is there.
Trying to be.
You know.
Anointed king.
Um.
And.
The others have all abandoned him.
But he is still faithfully.
Executing his job as shepherd.
And we'll see how that plays out.
In 2 Samuel as well.
Um.
In the New Testament.
2 Samuel provides.
A background for understanding.
Christian doctrine.
And teaching.
Uh.
Jesus.
Refers to 1 and 2 Samuel.
You know.
When he makes the point.
When the Pharisees accuse his.
You know.
His.
His disciples of.
Uh.
Plucking grain.
Uh.
From the field.
Mark 2.
He says.
Well.
In the days of Abiath.
The priest.
David's men went into the temple.
And ate the consecrated bread.
So.
You know.
Jesus himself relies on.
On.
On 1 and 2 Samuel.
To make theological points.
So it's a background for understanding.
Christian doctrine.
And teaching.
That we get.
sometimes primarily from the New Testament
so it's important to remember that
David son of Jesse
is mentioned 54 times
in the Greek New Testament
Samuel three times
Saul once
Uriah once, Abiathah once
the phrase son of David
is employed 16 times in the New Testament
mostly in reference to Jesus
but only when we see it in light of
to Samuel 7
so it is really important for us to understand
a lot of what we get in the New Testament
it is not, we can't separate these things out
an accurate
historical record
again that Mark 2 episode that Jesus goes to
he is
relying on it as an accurate
historical description of what happened
in David's day
so you know if it's
if Jesus can rely on it
as an accurate historical description
there's no reason why we can't
either
Jesus' genealogical records
relies very heavily on to Samuel
and it's a source of instruction
and encouragement and hope
isn't it
you know
Romans 15 verse 4
talks about
Holy Scripture
including the books of Samuel
has written to teach us
so that through endurance
and the encouragement of Scriptures
we might have hope
that is a function that it has
as Scripture
it's a source of instruction
for the writer of Hebrews
relying on David and Samuel
as he wrote
examples of faith
James
urged his readers
to take as an example
of patience
in the faith of suffering
the prophets
who spoke in the name
of the Lord
and presumably taking
Samuel
as an example
1 Samuel 19
specifically
and 2 Peter
tells us
to keep the words
of
1 and 2 Samuel
along with the rest of Scripture
in remembrance
and to implement
the teaching
in James
so
it has
a function
in that broader
function of Scripture
that is useful
for us
to keep in mind
so 2 Samuel
it's all about
David
or is it
it's not
and that's maybe
one of the biggest mistakes
that we're going to make
when we come to 2 Samuel
isn't it
this is
this is the book of David
this is the story of David
we know the story of David
we learn
the story of David
from
Sunday school
we hear
the David stories
of little stars
and dads and tots
and all the way through
we know David's story
and we know
that this is about David
it's not about David
it's about God
in the first place
David is
a way
that God
teaches us
about himself
through 2 Samuel
and
you know
I think
1 Samuel
when we looked at
that previously
you know
I understand
again
spoke about
David and Goliath
and we even had a rap
about that
and what it's really about
you know
trying to see ourselves
in the position of David
and you know
how are we like David
that's
that's the wrong path
to go down
down into
it is primarily
teaching us about God
even in
and especially
through David's
actions
what is God
like
what is his nature
like
what is his character
like
who is this king
that we're longing
for
the real
ultimate king
who will establish
God's kingdom
it's not in the first
instance
about David
a couple of
tricky issues
that might come up
polygamy
old theme
coming through
from 1 Samuel
David had
a number of
wives and children
with a number of
them
how do we
understand that
at some level
we don't know
it's not
held up
as a
great example
it's not
as outright
condemned
as maybe
we would want
possibly the
lesser of
evils
single women
wouldn't have
had a way
of making
a living
in those
days
poverty
slavery
prostitution
starvation
that was
the alternative
so in some
ways that
might feed
into it
kings
were
too many
wives
what's
too many
different
people have
different
opinions
I guess
most people
would say
two
but
yeah
it usually
goes badly
is the
thing to
keep in
mind
and we
see that
with
David's
sons
David's
children
from
different
wives
that's
a big
source
of the
conflict
between
them
in the
succession
battle
even
it's
people
from
different
wives
violence
there's a
lot of
violence
still
if you
think
you
remember
David
wants to
build
the
temple
God
says
no
you've
got
blood
on
your
hands
you can't
build
the
temple
your
son
will
we will
see
some of
that
violence
in
two
sons
will
still
a lot
of it's
by the
state
David's
subduing
the nations
around
them
establishing
peace
it's
not
in the
individuals
hands
and where
it is
where
individuals
do
take it
into
their
own
hands
it's
punished
quite
swiftly
when people
come to
David
trying to
win his
favour
oh I
killed
so and
so for
you
that never
works out
well for
them
it is
war against
the seed
of the
serpent
we mustn't
forget that
what started
in Genesis
is still
going on
and these
nations
around
Israel
are
emblematic
of
the seed
of the
serpent
and God's
kingdom
breaking into
a world
that is
opposed
to him
will
elicit
violence
from those
people
Satan
and
E.C.
do not
want to
submit to
God's
kingdom
so we
must read
it in that
sense
it is
theocracy
God
ruling
over his
people
it's an
intrusion
of that
this reality
reality
that God
rules over
all things
and we
know there's
a day
coming when
everybody who
is opposed
to God
will be
punished
and in
some ways
some people
argue
Merit
Klein
there's
this intrusion
ethic
that sometimes
in the
Old Testament
some of
these things
that we
see that
puzzle us
that seem
harsh to
us
is some
of that
ultimate
final judgment
which is more
horrible than
we can even
conceive of
breaking into
the here and
now
often as
warnings
to help
people to
escape that
final judgment
that is
coming
prophetic
scenarios
to Samuel
10
the nations
arraying
themselves
against David
right after
the covenant
comes into
being
now that
kind of
recalls
Psalm 2
you know
why do the
nations rage
which come up
again in the
New Testament
there's a
prophetic element
to some of
these things
pointing forward
to
things we
see
being
fulfilled
in the
New Testament
and are
waiting to
see fulfilled
later on
so that's
part of
what is
going on
there
injustice
cannot be
the source
of the
kingdom
like I
said
you get
quite a few
people who
come to
David
saying
oh we've
killed
your rivals
now give
us a position
in your
administration
we've
killed so
and so
so your
path is
now clear
that never
works out
well for
them
not once
and there
is a
sense in
which the
violence that
then happens
in terms of
them getting
killed is a
recognition that
their violence
cannot be the
source of the
kingdom
God will
punish that
kind of
usurping of
his authority
in establishing
his kingdom
I said we
talk about
Hebrew
narrative
if we look
at it
2 Samuel 4
is a good
place to look
at that
if you have
a bible
and you want
to look at
that
so this is
how Ish-busheth
Saul's son
who's
anointed
king
and
is killed
in this
chapter
by these
fellows
Barna
and
recap
characterisation
is very
important in
Hebrew
narrative
little details
that are given
to you about
how someone
acted
how they
reacted
what they
didn't do
it's often
very subtle
but it is
very worth
paying attention
to the little
small details
of what people
do and how
they portray
Hebrew narrative
often won't
kind of come
out and say
something out
loud
these were
two very
bad people
you've got to
deduce it
from what's
going on
sometimes it's
easier
sometimes it's
harder
and juxtaposition
and foil
on a
meta level
you've got
Saul in
1 Samuel
David in
2 Samuel
and a lot
of what we
need to know
about David
isn't said
outright
into Samuel
before that
even
it is
when you
place those
two together
next to each
other
and say
what did
Saul do
and how
did David
do it
differently
that you
actually
find out
what the
writer of
Samuel
wants us
see about
David
it's
mere
repetition
you can
sometimes
get something
stated and
it looks like
the writer
just says it
again
it's never
mere
repetition
it always is
some kind of
an emphasis
or some kind
of an
expansion
so when you
read through
it
it looks like
this guy
is just
repeating
himself
there's a
purpose
to that
Rechab
and
Barna
they go
in
and
they go
to
Ish-busheth
if you look
at verse 5
they said
about the
heat of the
day
they came
to the
house
of Ish-busheth
as he was
taking his
noonday
rest
as they
came into
the midst
of the
house
as if
to get
wheat
and they
stabbed
him
in the
stomach
then
Rechab
and
Barna
his
brother
escaped
so fine
we got
what happened
and then
it says
in verse 7
when they
came into
the house
as he
lay
on his
bed
in his
bedroom
they
struck
him
and put
him
to
death
and
beheaded
him
now we
got that
he was
taking
his
noonday
rest in
the first
part
didn't
we
why is
that
emphasized
well he
was asleep
sounds obvious
but what does
it tell us
about those
two that
they go in
and sneak
in and kill
him while he's
asleep
well they're
cowards
they're cowardly
people who try
and
you know
reasal
themselves into
David's good
graces by
going in and
killing
ish
while he's
asleep
that's the
idea that
we should
be getting
about them
they're
cowards
they're not
brave people
who want to
try and help
David
they're really
cowards
and that's
why he
emphasizes it
in verse 7
he was laying
on his bed
in his
bedroom
they struck
him and put
him to
death
and beheaded
him
they sneak
in and
they stab
him
and now
interestingly
what happens
when they
go to
David
verse 11
it says
how much
more
wicked men
have killed
a righteous
man in
his own
house on
his bed
shall I
not now
require his
blood at
your hand
and destroy
you from
the earth
and David
commanded
these young
men and
they killed
them and
cut off their
hands and feet
and hanged
them beside
the pool at
Hebron
in a billboard
poster of what
happens when
you try and
take the law
into your own
hands and when
you act against
Saul in my
name
David says
he cut off
their hands
and feet
why their
hands and
feet
well
there's going
to be no
more sneaking
or stabbing
is there
so that's
things to
keep in mind
Hebrew
narrative
what is
unsaid
who should
we place
this character
against
in order to
understand
him or
her
fully
David and
Jonathan
we've had a
lot of
David and
Jonathan
in 1
Samuel
but
the beginning
of 2
Samuel
1
Samuel
1
verses
25
and 26
this is
after
Jonathan
has died
David
laments
for Saul
and
Jonathan
and he
says
verse 25
how the
mighty
have
fallen
in the
midst
of
battle
Jonathan
lies
slain
on your
high
places
I am
distressed
for you
my brother
Jonathan
very pleasant
have you
been to me
your love
to me
was extraordinary
surpassing
the love
of women
so this is a
greater love
than love
between men
and women
so therefore
how could we
possibly say
it is
not right
but the real
issue there is
fidelity
and devotion
it's faithfulness
not
sexuality
this might
come up in
your groups
so it's
worth touching
on it
Matthew Henry
wrote in his
commentary on
this he had
reason to say
that Jonathan's
love to him
was wonderful
surely never
was the like
for a man to
love one who
he knew was
to take the
crown over
his head
and to be so
faithful to his
rival
this far
surpassed the
highest degree
of conjugal
affection and
constancy
so
no it is
not
legitimizing
homosexual
relationships
it is about
the fact that
Jonathan would
have been the
natural heir
and he
was faithful
to David
to the end
that is
what it's
about
the question
why does
David
X
why does
David
do Y
we get that
time and
time again
in 2 Samuel
in a lot of
David's life
David is not
always right
and the
writer of
Samuel is
honest about
that
he portrays
all of
David's
warts
and the
message is
there that
all human
leadership is
flawed and
1 and 2 Samuel
is honest about
that
why does
David do
things?
because he's a
sinful man
like all of
us
and even
though he
has this
grace of
God making
his covenant
to him
that does
not make
him perfect
so we
shouldn't
try and
kind of
fall into
the trap
of having
to try and
justify
what David
does sometimes
I mean
Bathsheba and
Uriah
prime example
and that
sets up
almost the
bulk of
2 Samuel
comes from
that
but the
question is
is there
repentance
when he
does these
things?
and that's
the big
contrast with
Saul
Saul was
not
repentant
when Samuel
confronted him
why did
you come
and bring
an offering?
then he
wasn't
repentant at
all
when David
sins
when Nathan
comes to
him he
says I
have sinned
against
the Lord
immediately
and repents
and turns
back
and does
what he
can to
show that
2 Samuel
12
13
that is
like I
said
that is
David
repenting
Nathan
coming to
him and
he says
I've
sinned
against the
Lord
and that's
all he
says
it's not
trying to
argue away
what he
did
it's not
trying to
make excuses
so we
don't have
to do that
either
ultimately
grace is
greater than
our sin
and that
comes out
through
David's
story
the fact
that God
still deals
graciously
with him
time after
time
eternal
kingdom
that might
come up
2 Samuel
7
like I
said
covenant
being
established
and God
says
verse 13
for example
I shall
build a
house for
my name
and I
will
establish
the throne
of his
kingdom
forever
I will
be to
my father
and he
will be
to me
a son
when he
commits
iniquity
I will
discipline
him
with the
rod of
men
and the
son
of
men
and that's
like I
said
isn't it
the servant
under the
rod of
God
is then
that middle
section
but yeah
your house
and your
kingdom
will be
made for
sure
will be
made sure
forever
before me
forever
so that
might come
up
people say
well
obviously
David
died
Solomon
died
the kings
after that
died
eventually
the kingdom
was lost
and they went
into exile
what about
that
we know
that is
because
Jesus
is
at the
moment
seated
at the
right hand
of God
on this
throne
that God
established
ruining and
reigning
for all
eternity
but it
might come
up
in her
grips
when someone
asks
but how
does that
work
but the
good thing
about that
and
the good
thing for
us is
there's
a song
about that
and that's
the end
of what
I have to
say about
Samuel for
tonight
ending
Thank you.