WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:10.700 Welcome to Sunday School. Just a quick recap. So we are looking at the sovereignty of God this term. 00:00:10.700 --> 00:00:21.740 ! Last week we saw that God is sovereign over all things. And by sovereignty we mean God's kingly rule. 00:00:21.740 --> 00:00:29.179 ! It's his power, his control, his authority, his plan over all things. 00:00:29.179 --> 00:00:38.519 And so God created all things. We saw that. We saw God not only just creates it. He doesn't just create it and just let it loose. 00:00:38.719 --> 00:00:46.879 He creates it and he upholds all things. So nothing can happen or exist without him. 00:00:48.060 --> 00:00:54.859 He is in complete control and rule and authority and power over all the details of the universe. 00:00:54.859 --> 00:01:01.519 That's what it means for God to be God. That's what him being Lord over all means. 00:01:01.520 --> 00:01:15.240 So that means he is sovereign over all sorts of things. Creation, nature, even what we would call random or charts, the wrong of the dice. 00:01:15.500 --> 00:01:20.939 It's all determined by the Lord. He raises up kings and opposes them. 00:01:21.240 --> 00:01:27.180 All the events of history he is in control over. He's in control of where people live. 00:01:27.180 --> 00:01:32.140 That's not a mystery to him or something out of his control. Over life and death. 00:01:32.680 --> 00:01:39.380 Even the cross itself, right? The greatest evil in all history. The Lord is sovereign over that. 00:01:40.080 --> 00:01:47.560 And so what we see, he is sovereign over even sin and Satan and the evil of his world. 00:01:47.560 --> 00:01:54.260 He's sovereign over the future as well. Where creation is heading toward the new creation. 00:01:55.060 --> 00:01:58.120 And we saw he's even sovereign over human decisions. 00:01:59.219 --> 00:02:02.879 And of course, there are going to be questions about that. We're going to come on to free will. 00:02:02.939 --> 00:02:06.820 We're going to have a whole week on free will in three weeks time. 00:02:07.000 --> 00:02:12.939 OK, so there will be questions, but just hold on to them and we'll come on to certain things as we go. 00:02:12.939 --> 00:02:19.479 And what is the reason behind why God is sovereign over these things? 00:02:20.479 --> 00:02:25.120 So is creation just this kind of thing independent of God? 00:02:25.560 --> 00:02:31.139 But God is just really good at seeing that creation and seeing what's going on. 00:02:31.199 --> 00:02:35.300 And he's just really good at moving the pieces when he wants to intervene. 00:02:35.300 --> 00:02:47.340 And when things go wrong, he's just like a really good and a really quick being that is so good at stepping in and sorting the problems out. 00:02:48.380 --> 00:02:53.580 Is that it? No. Being sovereign is far deeper than that. 00:02:53.580 --> 00:03:11.840 God is sovereign over all these details and knows all these details and is in control of all these details because he has decreed, declared them to happen from all eternity. 00:03:12.900 --> 00:03:14.280 So that's what Isaiah 6 says. 00:03:14.800 --> 00:03:19.960 I am God. There is none like me declaring the end from the beginning. 00:03:19.960 --> 00:03:28.640 He has a counsel and a purpose and he declares that from even before creation and it all happens. 00:03:28.760 --> 00:03:29.900 It will be accomplished. 00:03:30.740 --> 00:03:31.760 So you can think of it like this. 00:03:31.819 --> 00:03:35.700 But before God made anything, he had a plan. 00:03:35.800 --> 00:03:36.580 He had a blueprint. 00:03:37.840 --> 00:03:43.120 And when he said, let there be light, that plan began to unfold. 00:03:43.740 --> 00:03:47.360 You can think he had the history books already written in eternity. 00:03:47.360 --> 00:03:51.840 And when he creates, those history books start to happen. 00:03:53.020 --> 00:03:56.120 He has a counsel and a purpose and a plan from all eternity. 00:03:56.400 --> 00:03:59.420 And all things are happening according to that plan. 00:04:00.660 --> 00:04:06.560 Nothing can exist without him, without his word and therefore without his plan and decree. 00:04:06.560 --> 00:04:14.039 And so the Westminster Confession, which has been our guide through Sunday School, it says this, sums it up. 00:04:14.140 --> 00:04:14.719 3.1. 00:04:15.520 --> 00:04:25.279 God from all eternity did, by the most wise and holy counsel of his own will, freely and unchangeably ordain whatsoever comes to pass. 00:04:25.279 --> 00:04:37.059 He's sovereign over all things, in control and upholding it all and has authority over it because he decreed all things from eternity past. 00:04:38.119 --> 00:04:40.959 And this is what we often call predestination. 00:04:41.819 --> 00:04:46.559 He has set the destination pre, pre-creation. 00:04:46.560 --> 00:04:49.160 He's predetermined all things. 00:04:50.360 --> 00:04:54.300 And over the next few weeks, I want us to unpack more and more what that means. 00:04:55.180 --> 00:04:58.939 And I want us to address questions that we often have about this. 00:04:59.480 --> 00:05:02.199 Because as soon as we hear that, we think, well, what about evil? 00:05:03.079 --> 00:05:06.660 How can God be good and sovereign over evil? 00:05:07.600 --> 00:05:08.459 What about free will? 00:05:08.600 --> 00:05:10.100 Doesn't this just make us robots? 00:05:11.420 --> 00:05:12.660 And what about prayer? 00:05:13.199 --> 00:05:14.699 What's the point of praying then? 00:05:14.699 --> 00:05:18.199 And so we're going to come on to those as the weeks go on. 00:05:18.560 --> 00:05:20.500 So you may need to hold on to some questions. 00:05:20.599 --> 00:05:28.019 But today, there is one aspect I want us to zoom in on about God's sovereignty. 00:05:29.240 --> 00:05:34.180 And I want us to see today that if God is sovereign over all things, 00:05:34.480 --> 00:05:40.819 then he is completely sovereign over faith and salvation. 00:05:44.699 --> 00:05:48.800 That's one aspect I want us to look at today. 00:05:48.800 --> 00:05:56.220 If God has declared all these things from the beginning, 00:05:57.120 --> 00:06:01.040 then that means God knows who he's going to save. 00:06:01.840 --> 00:06:04.020 He's planned who he's going to save. 00:06:04.699 --> 00:06:12.120 He's chosen and elected and predestined them before the foundation of the world. 00:06:12.120 --> 00:06:15.340 And that's where I want us to begin today. 00:06:15.439 --> 00:06:21.480 I want us to jump straight in and I want us to see God has chosen us before the foundation of the world. 00:06:23.180 --> 00:06:26.240 So I realise what we're about to look at today. 00:06:26.379 --> 00:06:28.139 It might be new to some of you. 00:06:29.220 --> 00:06:31.920 This might be something you're wrestling with. 00:06:31.920 --> 00:06:34.520 Or maybe you just don't agree with. 00:06:35.319 --> 00:06:41.180 Well, wherever you are on the spectrum, I want us to see today that the idea of election, 00:06:42.000 --> 00:06:45.060 God choosing whom he will save in eternity past, 00:06:45.920 --> 00:06:51.600 I want us to see this isn't just kind of a made up teaching that some people came up with a few centuries ago. 00:06:52.580 --> 00:06:56.139 But I want to see that this is a thoroughly biblical teaching. 00:06:56.139 --> 00:07:03.180 And though we may not be able to wrap our heads around every single aspect of this completely, 00:07:03.860 --> 00:07:07.019 I want us to see this is a glorious teaching. 00:07:08.319 --> 00:07:12.680 And actually, it's a teaching that if you take it out of the Bible, 00:07:13.659 --> 00:07:18.259 lots of other really important things start to collapse around it. 00:07:19.019 --> 00:07:24.819 And so I want us to see that actually we really desperately need election. 00:07:26.139 --> 00:07:32.399 And so to begin, I want us to really think hard about what is involved in salvation. 00:07:33.180 --> 00:07:35.959 Right. So if God is sovereign over salvation, I want us to think, 00:07:36.079 --> 00:07:39.199 OK, what is involved in that salvation he's sovereign over? 00:07:39.740 --> 00:07:43.079 So I've got some questions breaking down what the Bible teaches about salvation. 00:07:43.079 --> 00:07:44.979 It's there in the dotted box. 00:07:45.399 --> 00:07:50.240 And I want us to see how all these pieces together teach us predestination. 00:07:50.699 --> 00:07:52.419 So remember, Sunday school is like a zoo. 00:07:52.620 --> 00:07:54.979 So you can learn about animals in a safari. 00:07:55.079 --> 00:07:55.699 That's preaching. 00:07:56.139 --> 00:07:58.240 Or you can learn about animals in a zoo. 00:07:58.519 --> 00:08:00.219 Right. That's what Sunday school is. 00:08:00.300 --> 00:08:02.860 We're gathering together all the animals in the zoo. 00:08:03.099 --> 00:08:05.139 And we're learning about one specific animal. 00:08:05.279 --> 00:08:09.019 Well, today I want us to gather the animal of predestination. 00:08:09.639 --> 00:08:11.639 Gather all together in this box. 00:08:11.819 --> 00:08:14.180 And let's see what we can find out about salvation. 00:08:14.439 --> 00:08:18.560 We've got a special treat today. 00:08:18.560 --> 00:08:25.660 Today, I have eight copies of a free book to give to people if you put your hand up and answer some of these questions. 00:08:25.740 --> 00:08:28.379 So if you're wanting a book and you've got an answer, put your hand up. 00:08:28.379 --> 00:08:32.100 So this is courtesy of Ligonier Ministries, courtesy of Sam Tunnicliffe. 00:08:32.100 --> 00:08:35.399 This is an absolutely fantastic book. 00:08:35.480 --> 00:08:37.259 It's called Chosen by God by R.C. 00:08:37.320 --> 00:08:37.600 Sproul. 00:08:37.600 --> 00:08:41.340 I read it a couple of weeks ago for the first time. 00:08:41.759 --> 00:08:48.120 It's actually, I think it's one of the best books I've ever read on the topic of election and predestination. 00:08:48.659 --> 00:08:50.720 And it gets into topics like free will as well. 00:08:50.720 --> 00:08:54.080 This is really, really excellent. 00:08:54.259 --> 00:08:58.759 So if you want a free copy, put your hand up as we go and I'll give it to you. 00:08:59.120 --> 00:09:02.440 And if you don't like the copy of the book, you can thank Sam Tunnicliffe. 00:09:03.899 --> 00:09:05.019 So first question. 00:09:06.519 --> 00:09:07.620 Who saves us? 00:09:08.279 --> 00:09:08.800 Hey, Rory. 00:09:08.860 --> 00:09:09.320 There we go. 00:09:09.700 --> 00:09:10.620 Nice, easy one. 00:09:11.440 --> 00:09:12.720 It's the Lord's toad. 00:09:13.200 --> 00:09:13.740 It's nothing. 00:09:13.960 --> 00:09:15.440 It says it's nothing. 00:09:15.700 --> 00:09:16.980 It's nothing that we do. 00:09:17.120 --> 00:09:18.340 Our works cannot do anything for us. 00:09:18.399 --> 00:09:19.560 It's entirely the Lord's to the Lord. 00:09:19.860 --> 00:09:20.240 Excellent. 00:09:20.360 --> 00:09:20.519 Right. 00:09:20.519 --> 00:09:22.919 There is only one saviour in salvation. 00:09:23.079 --> 00:09:26.919 There's only one saviour, only one without title, one who can have the claim. 00:09:27.039 --> 00:09:28.419 I saved them. 00:09:28.819 --> 00:09:29.460 It's God. 00:09:29.980 --> 00:09:30.639 It's the Lord. 00:09:30.840 --> 00:09:31.059 Right. 00:09:31.679 --> 00:09:35.740 And what is our contribution to our salvation? 00:09:36.960 --> 00:09:37.399 Judy. 00:09:42.639 --> 00:09:43.460 There we go. 00:09:43.519 --> 00:09:43.699 Right. 00:09:43.779 --> 00:09:45.100 So that's there in Ephesians 2. 00:09:45.179 --> 00:09:45.399 Right. 00:09:45.659 --> 00:09:47.740 So that is not a result of works. 00:09:48.340 --> 00:09:48.480 Right. 00:09:48.480 --> 00:09:48.519 Right. 00:09:48.600 --> 00:09:50.920 It is not your own doing. 00:09:50.920 --> 00:09:51.279 Right. 00:09:51.279 --> 00:09:51.279 00:09:51.279 --> 00:09:51.279 00:09:51.279 --> 00:09:51.539 Right. 00:09:51.539 --> 00:09:54.659 We have no contribution to this. 00:09:54.659 --> 00:09:54.899 Right. 00:09:55.180 --> 00:09:56.759 And that's why I've put John 3 there. 00:09:56.980 --> 00:09:58.539 You might have wondered why is John 3 there. 00:09:58.539 --> 00:10:01.539 So what is involved in salvation? 00:10:01.539 --> 00:10:02.740 We must be what? 00:10:02.740 --> 00:10:02.740 00:10:02.939 --> 00:10:03.899 Born again. 00:10:03.899 --> 00:10:04.339 Right. 00:10:04.339 --> 00:10:04.419 Right. 00:10:04.939 --> 00:10:11.599 What contribution did you make to your birth or to being existing in the first place? 00:10:11.779 --> 00:10:12.339 Being conceived. 00:10:12.599 --> 00:10:12.719 Right. 00:10:13.120 --> 00:10:14.399 We have no contribution. 00:10:14.399 --> 00:10:16.679 We are passive in that process. 00:10:17.159 --> 00:10:18.559 We must be born. 00:10:19.100 --> 00:10:21.399 We don't contribute to our birth. 00:10:21.480 --> 00:10:21.659 Right. 00:10:22.459 --> 00:10:27.000 And what would we be able to do if salvation is even 1% down to us? 00:10:28.000 --> 00:10:28.899 Think of Ephesians 2. 00:10:28.899 --> 00:10:31.840 Hands up anyone? 00:10:32.220 --> 00:10:32.699 Free book? 00:10:35.279 --> 00:10:35.720 Grace. 00:10:36.299 --> 00:10:37.240 We can boast. 00:10:37.379 --> 00:10:37.519 Right. 00:10:37.600 --> 00:10:38.139 Do you see that? 00:10:38.379 --> 00:10:38.539 Right. 00:10:38.959 --> 00:10:40.299 It is not a result of. 00:10:40.639 --> 00:10:41.840 It's not your own doing. 00:10:42.019 --> 00:10:43.079 It is the gift of God. 00:10:43.139 --> 00:10:43.939 All from God. 00:10:44.000 --> 00:10:45.100 Not a result of works. 00:10:45.399 --> 00:10:46.980 So that no one may boast. 00:10:46.980 --> 00:10:47.579 Right. 00:10:47.580 --> 00:10:57.120 If it was, let's say God does 99% of salvation, but I take the final step. 00:10:57.460 --> 00:10:57.540 Right. 00:10:58.240 --> 00:10:59.000 What can we do? 00:10:59.240 --> 00:11:00.920 I can boast in that moment. 00:11:01.100 --> 00:11:01.259 Right. 00:11:01.800 --> 00:11:02.800 Yes, God did a lot. 00:11:02.920 --> 00:11:03.840 Praise God for that. 00:11:04.340 --> 00:11:06.639 But I came to my senses and I believed. 00:11:06.940 --> 00:11:07.080 Right. 00:11:07.240 --> 00:11:08.180 Well done me. 00:11:09.000 --> 00:11:10.960 But know that there is no boasting. 00:11:11.100 --> 00:11:13.940 We contribute nothing in our salvation. 00:11:13.940 --> 00:11:18.300 So let's think about what we are like before we are saved. 00:11:18.380 --> 00:11:19.900 How did we feel about God? 00:11:20.000 --> 00:11:20.940 What were we like? 00:11:21.460 --> 00:11:21.880 Hands up. 00:11:22.700 --> 00:11:23.040 John. 00:11:26.940 --> 00:11:27.340 Right. 00:11:27.500 --> 00:11:28.080 Yeah, exactly. 00:11:28.320 --> 00:11:28.700 So yeah. 00:11:28.940 --> 00:11:29.680 Romans 3. 00:11:31.400 --> 00:11:32.880 We are dead. 00:11:33.140 --> 00:11:34.180 First of all, Ephesians 2. 00:11:34.640 --> 00:11:36.040 Spiritually dead, aren't we? 00:11:36.300 --> 00:11:36.560 Right. 00:11:37.040 --> 00:11:39.180 So no spiritual life in us. 00:11:39.480 --> 00:11:42.300 We're not following God, but we're following. 00:11:42.400 --> 00:11:43.220 Do you see those three things? 00:11:43.220 --> 00:11:45.120 It's the world, the flesh and the devil. 00:11:45.980 --> 00:11:48.779 So we are just following our sinful desires. 00:11:48.920 --> 00:11:50.040 That's what we want. 00:11:51.259 --> 00:11:52.200 So what does that mean? 00:11:52.259 --> 00:11:53.620 Our hearts like Genesis 6. 00:11:54.580 --> 00:11:55.060 Corrupt. 00:11:56.519 --> 00:11:58.019 Totally polluted with evil. 00:11:58.259 --> 00:12:02.320 Set in the direction not toward God, but towards sin. 00:12:03.420 --> 00:12:05.840 So as John said, we are not seeking God. 00:12:06.160 --> 00:12:07.700 No one seeks for God. 00:12:07.840 --> 00:12:08.300 Romans 3. 00:12:08.299 --> 00:12:13.259 And in fact, can we seek God? 00:12:13.519 --> 00:12:16.240 Can we even have the ability to do this? 00:12:17.120 --> 00:12:17.599 No. 00:12:18.699 --> 00:12:22.559 Without God's spirit, Romans 8, we are in the flesh. 00:12:22.559 --> 00:12:27.099 We cannot submit to God's law or please God in any way. 00:12:27.479 --> 00:12:28.199 God's law. 00:12:28.299 --> 00:12:29.000 Think about God's law. 00:12:29.439 --> 00:12:30.779 It's comprehensive, right? 00:12:31.079 --> 00:12:31.779 God's law. 00:12:31.779 --> 00:12:36.240 It involves loving God and trusting in him. 00:12:36.240 --> 00:12:36.639 Right. 00:12:37.159 --> 00:12:38.799 That's what pleases God. 00:12:39.240 --> 00:12:43.500 And so we cannot do that before God saves us. 00:12:43.500 --> 00:12:47.679 This is what we are like in our sin before God saves us. 00:12:48.399 --> 00:12:49.600 Completely dead. 00:12:51.120 --> 00:12:54.000 And this is often called the doctrine of total depravity. 00:12:54.139 --> 00:12:54.779 You might have heard that. 00:12:55.200 --> 00:12:56.940 The doctrine of total depravity. 00:12:57.919 --> 00:13:01.919 And it just means we are, we have no spiritual life in us. 00:13:03.059 --> 00:13:07.919 And this is really, really key to understanding the doctrine of election and predestination. 00:13:07.919 --> 00:13:08.479 Predestination. 00:13:09.219 --> 00:13:09.459 Okay. 00:13:09.599 --> 00:13:15.860 So if you have the doctrine of total depravity, you will see it necessitates the doctrine of election. 00:13:17.039 --> 00:13:23.439 Because some people might use the analogy of, this is actually in this book, so I recommend it. 00:13:24.039 --> 00:13:25.259 You might have heard this analogy. 00:13:25.579 --> 00:13:32.379 So some people might use the analogy, which is, I'll give a precursor, this is not the way to think about sin. 00:13:32.379 --> 00:13:38.659 So some people may say, sin is like we're drowning in the sea and we're about to go on. 00:13:38.720 --> 00:13:39.820 We're really struggling. 00:13:40.139 --> 00:13:41.200 We're trying to stay afloat. 00:13:41.279 --> 00:13:42.019 We're really struggling. 00:13:42.679 --> 00:13:45.860 And in salvation, God throws us a life ring. 00:13:46.639 --> 00:13:48.840 And all we need to do is just grab onto it. 00:13:49.220 --> 00:13:49.320 Right. 00:13:49.360 --> 00:13:49.980 That's the gospel. 00:13:50.139 --> 00:13:51.139 We just grab onto it. 00:13:52.279 --> 00:13:53.100 But just have a think. 00:13:53.360 --> 00:13:54.580 Is that the case? 00:13:55.779 --> 00:13:56.940 Think about what sin is. 00:13:58.159 --> 00:14:00.139 No, that can't be the case. 00:14:00.139 --> 00:14:03.360 What is a more accurate picture of sin? 00:14:04.240 --> 00:14:07.580 We're not struggling at the surface of the ocean. 00:14:08.120 --> 00:14:11.720 No, we are stone cold dead on the ocean floor. 00:14:13.199 --> 00:14:15.699 Or you might have seen this diagram. 00:14:20.000 --> 00:14:22.199 You might have seen this diagram here. 00:14:23.139 --> 00:14:24.080 So there's a chasm. 00:14:25.600 --> 00:14:25.819 Right. 00:14:25.899 --> 00:14:26.899 There's a chasm here. 00:14:27.620 --> 00:14:28.720 God is on one side. 00:14:28.720 --> 00:14:28.759 Right. 00:14:29.600 --> 00:14:30.500 We're on the other. 00:14:31.740 --> 00:14:33.040 And sin separates us. 00:14:33.220 --> 00:14:33.340 Right. 00:14:34.560 --> 00:14:39.759 And in this illustration, it says we're trying to get to God. 00:14:40.320 --> 00:14:41.360 We really want to. 00:14:41.440 --> 00:14:42.800 We're trying to get over the chasm. 00:14:43.160 --> 00:14:45.759 But we can't because of our sin. 00:14:46.320 --> 00:14:48.540 And so the cross bridges the gap. 00:14:49.060 --> 00:14:49.060 00:14:49.379 --> 00:14:52.120 Now, I'm not condemning this whole illustration. 00:14:52.320 --> 00:14:52.840 Don't worry. 00:14:53.139 --> 00:14:55.240 If you've used this before, that's OK. 00:14:55.399 --> 00:14:57.220 There are lots of helpful things about this. 00:14:57.220 --> 00:15:01.399 But there is just something not accurate about that. 00:15:02.399 --> 00:15:06.320 What are we like before God saves us? 00:15:06.980 --> 00:15:09.779 Are we trying to get to God? 00:15:09.980 --> 00:15:11.420 It's just my sins in the way. 00:15:11.500 --> 00:15:12.500 But I want God. 00:15:12.560 --> 00:15:13.960 But I just can't reach him. 00:15:15.120 --> 00:15:15.759 No. 00:15:15.759 --> 00:15:20.500 We're not even trying to get to God. 00:15:20.779 --> 00:15:22.360 But what's the more accurate picture? 00:15:23.220 --> 00:15:24.159 Anyone want to suggest? 00:15:24.379 --> 00:15:25.360 What are we like? 00:15:25.720 --> 00:15:27.139 James the air is just pretty nice. 00:15:27.319 --> 00:15:27.539 Boo. 00:15:27.779 --> 00:15:28.179 Exactly. 00:15:28.679 --> 00:15:30.100 We're running in the opposite direction. 00:15:30.700 --> 00:15:31.100 Exactly. 00:15:33.279 --> 00:15:36.379 This is what we are all like before God saves us. 00:15:36.379 --> 00:15:40.860 And so what does God do for us in salvation? 00:15:42.039 --> 00:15:42.799 More books. 00:15:43.120 --> 00:15:43.779 I've got eight of them. 00:15:46.500 --> 00:15:47.939 What does God do for us in salvation? 00:15:48.059 --> 00:15:48.700 Ephesians 2. 00:15:53.500 --> 00:15:54.080 Yeah, Noah. 00:15:54.279 --> 00:15:56.279 He makes us alive together with Christ. 00:15:56.279 --> 00:15:57.419 There we go, right? 00:15:57.519 --> 00:16:04.199 So if we are dead in our sins, even when we were dead, God made us alive together with Christ. 00:16:05.740 --> 00:16:09.019 If we're dead at the bottom of the ocean, what does God do? 00:16:09.139 --> 00:16:15.120 He reaches down, picks up our dead bodies, and brings us back from the dead. 00:16:15.759 --> 00:16:16.659 Makes us alive. 00:16:16.659 --> 00:16:33.519 So that means giving us a new heart, Ezekiel 36, new hearts that now love God, hearts that don't run away from him, but hearts that now are seeking him. 00:16:34.019 --> 00:16:38.860 Just think, we love him because he first loved us. 00:16:40.179 --> 00:16:43.199 That is to say, we are born again. 00:16:44.120 --> 00:16:45.539 That's what John 3 is talking about. 00:16:45.539 --> 00:16:48.079 That's what being born again means. 00:16:48.219 --> 00:16:50.219 A new life, a new nature. 00:16:50.899 --> 00:16:53.459 We are by nature dead in our sins. 00:16:53.639 --> 00:16:55.439 By nature not wanting God. 00:16:55.939 --> 00:16:58.740 And so God gives us a new nature, a new life. 00:16:59.659 --> 00:17:01.500 Or another word for that is regenerated. 00:17:01.779 --> 00:17:02.399 You might have heard that. 00:17:02.759 --> 00:17:03.240 Regeneration. 00:17:03.819 --> 00:17:05.659 It just means being born again, right? 00:17:05.899 --> 00:17:09.839 Generations like family, children, birth, generations, rebirth. 00:17:11.339 --> 00:17:15.139 And that means, in that moment of salvation, 00:17:15.539 --> 00:17:18.399 that also means giving us faith. 00:17:19.659 --> 00:17:21.399 So do you see in Philippians 129? 00:17:22.079 --> 00:17:29.220 It has been granted to you to not only believe in him, but also suffer for his sake. 00:17:29.220 --> 00:17:32.819 So what has been granted to us to believe in him? 00:17:34.400 --> 00:17:39.220 And that's what we see with Lydia in not Philippians 16. 00:17:39.319 --> 00:17:39.940 What should it be? 00:17:40.600 --> 00:17:41.299 Acts 16. 00:17:41.519 --> 00:17:42.620 But it's in Philippi, right? 00:17:42.619 --> 00:17:46.500 If you spotted that, you get a book, right? 00:17:47.379 --> 00:17:54.039 So the Lord opens up Lydia's heart to hear what Paul has said and to believe it. 00:17:55.399 --> 00:17:58.379 And so what are we dependent on in salvation? 00:17:59.479 --> 00:18:00.019 Hands up. 00:18:01.679 --> 00:18:02.339 Yeah, Tina. 00:18:02.339 --> 00:18:06.699 Unless the Father draws us, then we cannot. 00:18:08.220 --> 00:18:09.799 Unless he reveals to us. 00:18:10.559 --> 00:18:11.599 Yeah, exactly. 00:18:12.720 --> 00:18:15.000 Unless the Father draws, we cannot. 00:18:15.679 --> 00:18:16.539 It's not that we will not. 00:18:16.579 --> 00:18:17.299 We cannot. 00:18:18.480 --> 00:18:21.079 We are entirely dependent on God. 00:18:21.459 --> 00:18:22.740 God must draw us. 00:18:22.839 --> 00:18:24.799 God must reveal truths to us. 00:18:24.939 --> 00:18:26.059 Open blind eyes. 00:18:26.139 --> 00:18:27.259 That's another picture of sin. 00:18:27.879 --> 00:18:28.399 Blindness. 00:18:28.400 --> 00:18:30.180 And God opens our eyes. 00:18:31.340 --> 00:18:34.620 And that is also key to why God saves us. 00:18:34.759 --> 00:18:38.540 What does God's work of salvation display about God? 00:18:40.400 --> 00:18:41.080 Hands up. 00:18:41.519 --> 00:18:41.820 Yeah, Lucy. 00:18:43.280 --> 00:18:44.240 His glorious. 00:18:44.980 --> 00:18:45.700 Yeah, yeah, yeah. 00:18:45.700 --> 00:18:46.259 That's it. 00:18:50.440 --> 00:18:52.080 And it's his will as well, right? 00:18:52.160 --> 00:18:53.500 Yeah, his will is in action. 00:18:53.660 --> 00:18:56.580 We see what God wants, what his purpose and his choices are. 00:18:56.579 --> 00:18:58.960 And we see something about his character. 00:18:59.419 --> 00:18:59.679 Do you see? 00:18:59.819 --> 00:19:07.859 It's all in love he predestined us for adoption as sons through Jesus Christ, according to the purpose of his will. 00:19:08.599 --> 00:19:09.240 Why? 00:19:09.379 --> 00:19:11.119 To the praise of his glorious grace. 00:19:12.740 --> 00:19:20.559 It's all displaying his grace, his gracious decision to raise undeserving sinners from the dead. 00:19:20.559 --> 00:19:32.819 His grace to draw guilty sinners who don't deserve to be drawn, who should just be left on their own, drawing us from our own desires and bringing us to himself. 00:19:33.599 --> 00:19:35.899 Without which no one will be saved. 00:19:35.900 --> 00:19:50.700 So if it all if it wasn't all down to God and it was at least a bit on us, our our choice, our kind of coming to our senses and choosing God, then what would happen to grace? 00:19:51.360 --> 00:19:51.820 Romans 11. 00:19:52.740 --> 00:19:54.440 Grace would no longer be grace. 00:19:55.820 --> 00:19:57.840 Which is why he saved sinners. 00:19:57.840 --> 00:19:59.840 It's to display his glorious grace. 00:19:59.839 --> 00:20:00.480 Grace. 00:20:02.339 --> 00:20:05.740 And so now let's get to the crux. 00:20:06.659 --> 00:20:09.740 Does God know whom he will save beforehand then? 00:20:11.119 --> 00:20:11.740 Hands up. 00:20:16.119 --> 00:20:16.759 Katya. 00:20:17.559 --> 00:20:18.159 Yes. 00:20:21.439 --> 00:20:22.039 Right. 00:20:22.459 --> 00:20:22.659 Yeah. 00:20:23.159 --> 00:20:24.839 So yes, he does know. 00:20:25.179 --> 00:20:26.039 And why? 00:20:26.179 --> 00:20:26.919 How does God know that? 00:20:26.920 --> 00:20:33.320 Because he's predestined us for that adoption, for that salvation, for that new birth. 00:20:34.039 --> 00:20:35.840 In love, he predestined us. 00:20:37.100 --> 00:20:39.320 He's decreed all things. 00:20:40.779 --> 00:20:44.360 He's decreed all things from the beginning. 00:20:44.620 --> 00:20:45.840 I haven't even read it. 00:20:46.680 --> 00:20:46.920 Right. 00:20:47.920 --> 00:20:51.500 He's decreed all things from eternity past. 00:20:51.500 --> 00:20:57.200 And that includes whom he will save. 00:20:58.599 --> 00:20:59.440 Do you see Romans 9? 00:20:59.539 --> 00:21:02.000 He's prepared vessels of mercy. 00:21:02.500 --> 00:21:04.559 People prepared beforehand for glory. 00:21:05.500 --> 00:21:07.660 So all of that was in his blueprint. 00:21:07.660 --> 00:21:28.940 So if you looked into one of those history books that were on God's shelf in eternity, you would find not only all the events of history and all the kings and queens of all history, you would find a list of every single person God will save. 00:21:28.940 --> 00:21:34.559 Your name, for those in Christ, your name is written in those books. 00:21:35.140 --> 00:21:41.559 And so when Christ went to the cross, he already had a people he was going to die for. 00:21:42.660 --> 00:21:46.000 The father, you could say the father had given him that list. 00:21:46.940 --> 00:21:49.360 These are the people you're going to die for. 00:21:49.359 --> 00:21:54.599 And so that means no one is able to snatch them out of the father's hand. 00:21:55.679 --> 00:21:58.740 That list cannot be added to or taken away. 00:21:58.839 --> 00:21:59.539 It's perfect. 00:22:01.439 --> 00:22:03.299 And so I want us to tie all this together. 00:22:04.019 --> 00:22:06.039 So let's just think from the beginning. 00:22:06.299 --> 00:22:07.399 God is the only savior. 00:22:08.339 --> 00:22:10.299 He contributes all the work of salvation. 00:22:10.959 --> 00:22:12.419 None of the work belongs to us. 00:22:12.420 --> 00:22:16.259 And that is because by nature, we're dead in our sins. 00:22:16.360 --> 00:22:18.320 We can't contribute anything. 00:22:18.860 --> 00:22:19.820 We can't seek God. 00:22:19.900 --> 00:22:23.180 We can't believe him or choose him because we don't want to. 00:22:23.300 --> 00:22:24.779 We're dead on the ocean floor. 00:22:25.240 --> 00:22:26.460 And so what must God do? 00:22:26.560 --> 00:22:27.660 Something radical. 00:22:28.539 --> 00:22:30.180 He must raise us from the dead. 00:22:30.380 --> 00:22:32.600 Give us new hearts, hearts that trust him. 00:22:33.080 --> 00:22:35.240 Open those hearts and give us faith. 00:22:36.560 --> 00:22:40.240 And so in salvation, we are utterly dependent on God. 00:22:40.240 --> 00:22:44.680 That's what makes grace, grace. 00:22:46.380 --> 00:22:52.039 And so God is completely sovereign over our salvation from all the elements, 00:22:52.480 --> 00:22:55.500 from coming to us, raising us up, new hearts, new spirit, new faith, 00:22:55.740 --> 00:22:57.519 every single aspect of it. 00:22:58.079 --> 00:23:06.000 Therefore, if it's not down to us, it is all down to whom he chooses. 00:23:07.000 --> 00:23:08.440 When anybody is saved. 00:23:08.440 --> 00:23:12.180 It's down to his gracious will. 00:23:12.860 --> 00:23:13.600 His decision. 00:23:14.019 --> 00:23:17.900 He must elect and call sinners and give them life. 00:23:17.980 --> 00:23:25.160 Because if he didn't, we could never and would never do it on our own. 00:23:25.259 --> 00:23:26.840 It's down to his choice. 00:23:27.340 --> 00:23:28.920 And when did that choice happen? 00:23:29.799 --> 00:23:31.519 Before the foundation of the world. 00:23:32.299 --> 00:23:34.920 He declared the end from the beginning. 00:23:34.920 --> 00:23:36.779 He decreed it. 00:23:37.380 --> 00:23:41.600 Elected, predestined, every single person who will be in the new creation. 00:23:43.019 --> 00:23:46.400 And God knows how many they are and who they are. 00:23:47.740 --> 00:23:50.420 And the Westminster Confession helpfully sums this up. 00:23:50.900 --> 00:23:51.580 3.3. 00:23:51.579 --> 00:23:56.960 By the decree of God, for the manifestation of his glory, 00:23:57.159 --> 00:24:00.240 some men and angels are predestined unto everlasting life, 00:24:01.039 --> 00:24:02.819 and others foreordained to everlasting death. 00:24:03.819 --> 00:24:04.599 3.4. 00:24:05.119 --> 00:24:07.639 These angels and men, thus predestined and foreordained, 00:24:07.740 --> 00:24:10.319 are particularly and unchangeably designed, 00:24:10.879 --> 00:24:13.599 and their number so certain and definite, 00:24:13.599 --> 00:24:17.079 that it cannot be either increased or diminished. 00:24:18.939 --> 00:24:20.619 And that must be the case. 00:24:21.379 --> 00:24:22.859 I'm going to press this in again. 00:24:23.000 --> 00:24:26.639 Because if God didn't predestine or elect us, 00:24:27.139 --> 00:24:29.319 would anyone be saved? 00:24:30.500 --> 00:24:31.019 No. 00:24:31.879 --> 00:24:33.759 We would all be left in our sins. 00:24:34.339 --> 00:24:36.819 And if it's not down to us or our decision to be saved, 00:24:37.059 --> 00:24:38.319 what must it be down to? 00:24:38.439 --> 00:24:39.480 Whose decision then? 00:24:40.339 --> 00:24:40.859 God's. 00:24:41.099 --> 00:24:41.939 God's choice. 00:24:41.940 --> 00:24:44.880 And if God knows all things, 00:24:44.980 --> 00:24:46.400 and has planned all things, 00:24:46.740 --> 00:24:48.940 and all things are dependent on him, 00:24:49.720 --> 00:24:51.559 when did God make his choice? 00:24:52.320 --> 00:24:54.080 Before the foundation of the world. 00:24:56.140 --> 00:25:01.400 And so, can you see how election is not just a take it or leave it, 00:25:01.620 --> 00:25:03.580 small little side teaching of the Bible. 00:25:04.320 --> 00:25:09.840 No, it is inseparably linked to two really key things in the Bible. 00:25:11.940 --> 00:25:16.019 But if sin is what it is, 00:25:16.539 --> 00:25:17.820 if we are dead in our sins, 00:25:17.960 --> 00:25:23.140 then salvation must mean it's all depending on grace. 00:25:23.799 --> 00:25:25.120 And if it's all depending on grace, 00:25:25.220 --> 00:25:28.440 then that means sin must be what it is. 00:25:28.500 --> 00:25:29.440 We're dead in our sins. 00:25:30.279 --> 00:25:31.799 And if sin is what it is, 00:25:32.299 --> 00:25:33.500 then it must be by grace. 00:25:33.500 --> 00:25:34.599 And if it is by grace, 00:25:34.640 --> 00:25:36.480 then it's down all to God, 00:25:36.680 --> 00:25:37.920 his power, 00:25:38.099 --> 00:25:38.819 his sovereignty, 00:25:39.039 --> 00:25:40.319 his choice. 00:25:41.059 --> 00:25:41.460 Therefore, 00:25:42.539 --> 00:25:43.420 it must be, 00:25:44.400 --> 00:25:45.579 there must be an election. 00:25:47.180 --> 00:25:47.599 And then, 00:25:48.039 --> 00:25:50.119 if it's not in our choice, 00:25:50.599 --> 00:25:50.920 then, 00:25:51.579 --> 00:25:52.660 it must be election. 00:25:52.660 --> 00:25:57.740 All these three things are kind of interconnected and dependent on each other. 00:25:58.080 --> 00:25:59.620 You take one out, 00:26:00.440 --> 00:26:01.300 and these, 00:26:01.820 --> 00:26:04.300 the other two big teachings, 00:26:04.580 --> 00:26:05.740 important teachings of the Bible, 00:26:05.840 --> 00:26:06.519 start to crumble. 00:26:07.279 --> 00:26:08.460 If you say, 00:26:08.580 --> 00:26:08.720 well, 00:26:08.820 --> 00:26:10.180 sin isn't really bad, 00:26:10.779 --> 00:26:10.900 well, 00:26:10.940 --> 00:26:11.640 then grace will go on, 00:26:11.680 --> 00:26:12.360 it becomes grace. 00:26:12.960 --> 00:26:13.580 And of course, 00:26:13.660 --> 00:26:14.800 election will crumble with that. 00:26:14.900 --> 00:26:16.160 It's not down to God's choice. 00:26:16.880 --> 00:26:17.400 Or if, 00:26:17.519 --> 00:26:17.759 well, 00:26:17.840 --> 00:26:19.300 but that's not really how grace works, 00:26:19.560 --> 00:26:19.680 well, 00:26:19.720 --> 00:26:21.380 then sin becomes not so bad. 00:26:21.380 --> 00:26:23.760 And we do kind of have the choice. 00:26:24.120 --> 00:26:25.820 And we can really kind of say, 00:26:26.040 --> 00:26:28.200 we can contribute about 1% to ourselves. 00:26:28.740 --> 00:26:30.040 But that's not the case. 00:26:30.540 --> 00:26:32.280 All these three things are connected. 00:26:33.940 --> 00:26:34.320 Therefore, 00:26:34.500 --> 00:26:36.760 the doctrine of election and predestination, 00:26:36.960 --> 00:26:41.220 it's not just a fringe teaching that some people have come up with. 00:26:41.340 --> 00:26:41.420 No, 00:26:41.500 --> 00:26:44.440 this is integral to the Bible. 00:26:45.280 --> 00:26:46.960 Integral to God's grace. 00:26:48.080 --> 00:26:49.040 He elects, 00:26:49.120 --> 00:26:49.360 why? 00:26:49.360 --> 00:26:50.660 To the praise 00:26:50.660 --> 00:26:52.420 of his glorious grace. 00:26:54.279 --> 00:26:56.980 Which is a helpful thing to remember. 00:26:57.779 --> 00:26:59.400 When we attempted to ask, 00:27:00.100 --> 00:27:01.560 but how is this fair? 00:27:02.480 --> 00:27:03.740 And I just want to end on this thought, 00:27:03.820 --> 00:27:04.900 and then we'll break up with questions. 00:27:05.040 --> 00:27:05.200 Okay. 00:27:05.779 --> 00:27:06.620 How is this fair? 00:27:06.820 --> 00:27:08.759 What one thought of all this, 00:27:08.900 --> 00:27:08.980 I do. 00:27:09.120 --> 00:27:09.160 Well, 00:27:09.240 --> 00:27:09.880 hang on. 00:27:10.820 --> 00:27:12.519 So if it's all down to his decision, 00:27:12.759 --> 00:27:13.259 yeah, 00:27:13.340 --> 00:27:14.220 how is this fair? 00:27:14.220 --> 00:27:18.500 this sounds like just randomly sending some people to heaven, 00:27:18.680 --> 00:27:19.620 some people to hell. 00:27:20.539 --> 00:27:23.779 Why does God save some and not others? 00:27:23.779 --> 00:27:27.460 But when we ask that, 00:27:27.660 --> 00:27:29.940 we are understanding election in the wrong way. 00:27:30.920 --> 00:27:34.960 That assumes everyone is kind of in a neutral state. 00:27:34.960 --> 00:27:39.380 And they can easily either go to heaven or hell. 00:27:42.380 --> 00:27:42.740 So, 00:27:43.240 --> 00:27:46.259 that question assumes 00:27:46.259 --> 00:27:48.000 we are, 00:27:48.100 --> 00:27:49.039 before God saves us, 00:27:49.120 --> 00:27:50.680 we're kind of neutral. 00:27:52.120 --> 00:27:53.220 We're going along, 00:27:53.220 --> 00:27:55.440 and God, 00:27:56.200 --> 00:27:57.500 we can either go to heaven or hell. 00:27:57.620 --> 00:28:00.059 God can either send us to heaven or hell. 00:28:02.140 --> 00:28:03.620 Either up or up the ground, 00:28:03.819 --> 00:28:04.079 right? 00:28:06.559 --> 00:28:08.740 But what is the reality about election? 00:28:10.059 --> 00:28:12.100 Who is God electing? 00:28:13.319 --> 00:28:16.360 God elects and predestines sins. 00:28:17.240 --> 00:28:18.360 What are we, 00:28:18.980 --> 00:28:19.600 naturally, 00:28:19.759 --> 00:28:20.240 by nature, 00:28:20.339 --> 00:28:20.860 we are, 00:28:21.940 --> 00:28:23.140 all by nature, 00:28:23.220 --> 00:28:24.839 going to hell. 00:28:26.559 --> 00:28:28.460 But that's the default state. 00:28:28.960 --> 00:28:29.200 And so, 00:28:29.299 --> 00:28:30.640 what happens in salvation? 00:28:31.339 --> 00:28:31.880 God, 00:28:32.660 --> 00:28:34.519 by his own gracious will, 00:28:34.860 --> 00:28:35.880 out of his love, 00:28:35.960 --> 00:28:36.720 his free love, 00:28:36.900 --> 00:28:37.240 he 00:28:37.240 --> 00:28:41.319 elects 00:28:41.319 --> 00:28:43.039 and raises up 00:28:43.039 --> 00:28:44.839 and brings people 00:28:44.839 --> 00:28:46.900 to the eternal life. 00:28:47.380 --> 00:28:47.980 Make it 00:28:47.980 --> 00:28:49.059 embarrassing, 00:28:49.339 --> 00:28:49.559 right? 00:28:50.519 --> 00:28:51.940 That is election. 00:28:51.940 --> 00:28:55.279 He's electing 00:28:55.279 --> 00:28:56.640 sinners, 00:28:57.120 --> 00:28:58.880 undeserving sinners. 00:29:01.500 --> 00:29:02.100 Election, 00:29:02.279 --> 00:29:04.100 it's all about grace. 00:29:05.140 --> 00:29:06.539 It's all about God saying, 00:29:06.779 --> 00:29:08.000 you deserve nothing. 00:29:08.160 --> 00:29:09.480 You could do nothing 00:29:09.480 --> 00:29:10.180 on your own, 00:29:10.320 --> 00:29:11.799 but I'm going to pick you up 00:29:11.799 --> 00:29:12.539 out of your sin, 00:29:12.640 --> 00:29:13.200 give you life 00:29:13.200 --> 00:29:14.980 and give you everything. 00:29:14.980 --> 00:29:17.460 And so, 00:29:17.519 --> 00:29:18.339 the question is, 00:29:18.539 --> 00:29:20.220 why doesn't God save 00:29:20.220 --> 00:29:21.860 some rather than others? 00:29:22.660 --> 00:29:23.940 What is the real question? 00:29:24.900 --> 00:29:26.360 Why does God save 00:29:26.360 --> 00:29:27.519 anyone at all? 00:29:27.519 --> 00:29:30.819 And the answer is grace. 00:29:33.000 --> 00:29:33.639 And so, 00:29:33.779 --> 00:29:34.319 in a way, 00:29:35.420 --> 00:29:36.639 election isn't fair. 00:29:38.079 --> 00:29:39.019 Fair would be 00:29:39.019 --> 00:29:40.319 to leave us 00:29:40.319 --> 00:29:41.259 where we are. 00:29:42.440 --> 00:29:43.139 Fair would be 00:29:43.139 --> 00:29:44.240 to not elect, 00:29:44.339 --> 00:29:45.279 but in God's mercy, 00:29:45.400 --> 00:29:46.160 out of his love, 00:29:46.220 --> 00:29:47.619 he's chosen us 00:29:47.619 --> 00:29:49.039 before the foundation 00:29:49.039 --> 00:29:49.639 of the world. 00:29:50.039 --> 00:29:50.900 And therefore, 00:29:51.079 --> 00:29:52.400 it is all to the praise 00:29:52.400 --> 00:29:53.359 of his glorious grace. 00:29:53.359 --> 00:29:55.979 And let me just end 00:29:55.979 --> 00:29:56.479 on this thought 00:29:56.479 --> 00:29:57.459 before questions. 00:29:58.859 --> 00:30:00.179 Election and predestination, 00:30:00.859 --> 00:30:02.639 it might be a big doctrine 00:30:02.639 --> 00:30:03.579 we're dealing with here, 00:30:04.000 --> 00:30:06.419 but God has told us this 00:30:06.419 --> 00:30:07.819 because this is 00:30:07.819 --> 00:30:08.859 a comforting doctrine. 00:30:10.240 --> 00:30:11.619 Because election 00:30:11.619 --> 00:30:13.219 and predestination means 00:30:13.219 --> 00:30:14.339 your future 00:30:14.339 --> 00:30:15.979 is absolutely certain. 00:30:16.939 --> 00:30:18.219 If God knows 00:30:18.219 --> 00:30:18.979 who are his elect 00:30:18.979 --> 00:30:19.740 and that number 00:30:19.740 --> 00:30:20.500 cannot change 00:30:20.500 --> 00:30:21.059 and no one, 00:30:21.219 --> 00:30:22.619 not even Satan himself 00:30:22.619 --> 00:30:24.000 can snatch those people 00:30:24.000 --> 00:30:25.419 out of God's hand, 00:30:25.679 --> 00:30:26.439 then that means 00:30:26.439 --> 00:30:27.979 for all of us in Christ, 00:30:28.619 --> 00:30:29.639 we can never, 00:30:30.019 --> 00:30:30.639 ever be lost. 00:30:31.859 --> 00:30:32.639 We might go through 00:30:32.639 --> 00:30:34.119 trials in this life 00:30:34.119 --> 00:30:35.279 and our faith 00:30:35.279 --> 00:30:36.819 can wobble at times 00:30:36.819 --> 00:30:38.679 and we can wonder, 00:30:38.799 --> 00:30:40.019 but how can I do this 00:30:40.019 --> 00:30:41.079 in my own strength? 00:30:41.939 --> 00:30:42.579 Well, thankfully, 00:30:42.699 --> 00:30:43.559 it is not 00:30:43.559 --> 00:30:44.639 in our own strength 00:30:44.639 --> 00:30:45.539 that we reach the end. 00:30:46.259 --> 00:30:47.619 It is all because 00:30:47.619 --> 00:30:49.019 of God's grace 00:30:49.019 --> 00:30:50.639 and his sovereignty. 00:30:50.640 --> 00:30:52.860 It is because 00:30:52.860 --> 00:30:54.020 we have been chosen 00:30:54.020 --> 00:30:55.140 before the foundation 00:30:55.140 --> 00:30:55.660 of the world. 00:30:57.759 --> 00:30:58.600 We've got a few minutes 00:30:58.600 --> 00:30:59.220 for questions 00:30:59.220 --> 00:30:59.700 and I realise 00:30:59.700 --> 00:31:00.620 there might be lots 00:31:00.620 --> 00:31:01.140 or you might need 00:31:01.140 --> 00:31:01.560 a bit of time 00:31:01.560 --> 00:31:02.160 to think about it. 00:31:02.220 --> 00:31:03.060 You can speak to me after, 00:31:03.480 --> 00:31:04.360 but we'll have a bit of time 00:31:04.360 --> 00:31:04.820 for questions. 00:31:04.820 --> 00:31:04.860 Thank you. 00:31:04.860 --> 00:31:04.860 00:31:04.860 --> 00:31:04.860 00:31:04.860 --> 00:31:04.860 00:31:04.860 --> 00:31:04.860 00:31:04.860 --> 00:31:04.860 00:31:04.860 --> 00:31:04.860 00:31:04.860 --> 00:31:04.860 00:31:04.860 --> 00:31:04.860 00:31:04.860 --> 00:31:04.860 00:31:04.860 --> 00:31:04.860 00:31:04.860 --> 00:31:04.860 00:31:04.860 --> 00:31:04.860 00:31:04.860 --> 00:31:04.860