WEBVTT

00:00:00.820 --> 00:00:10.880
 We're going to go ahead and start. Good morning. So it's a real joy to have Malcolm Foley with us this morning and his wife, Desiree Foley.

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 So Malcolm and Desiree were members here at Trinity for a few years, 2012 to 2015. Right, Malcolm? Did I get those dates right?

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 Yes, sir.

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 So Malcolm was here doing a Master's of Divinity at Yale Divinity School. During that time, he was also a pastoral intern here at Trinity and just a good friend.

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 And so he's currently doing his Ph.D. in American History at Baylor University.

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 And what he's going to be teaching on this morning is going to be sharing some of what he's been working on and researching and studying and writing about at Baylor.

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 So I'm going to get out of the way and let Malcolm take over. So Malcolm, thanks for being here, brother.

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 We're glad to have you here. Let me open us in a word of prayer and we'll start.

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 Father, thank you for the opportunity that we get to be your people, to gather around your word, to gather in your spirit, to gather around our Savior Christ.

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 God, would you bless this time, this morning, as we look at a dark moment in our history and as we look to you, Lord Jesus, in the gospel for how we might live faithfully in response.

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 We pray this in Jesus' name. Amen.

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 Amen.

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 Amen.

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 Good morning, brothers and sisters.

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 So it's an honor to be before you this morning, but it's also sobering because our material this morning is grim.

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 What you're going to hear is some of the worst that humanity has to offer.

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 And one historian has noted that anyone who does lynching research must have a strong emotional constitution because such work erodes one's faith in humanity.

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 Well, I want to start off this class by affirming wholeheartedly that my faith does not lie in humanity.

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 Because if it did, I would have given up a long time ago.

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 No, my hope remains in a God who reached down to save a sinful humanity.

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 A God who, while we were yet sinners, sent his son to die for us.

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 But it's that same God, however, who has continued to guide and care for his people in the midst of brutal evils.

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 And particularly the African American church is an excellent example of that.

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 I'm also firmly of the opinion that evil is not defeated when we look away from it.

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 As Christ's death and resurrection were the most successful full frontal assault on sin that this world has ever known,

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 so also we as those united to that same Christ and as partakers of that same Holy Spirit must look evil in the face, determine its root, and pluck it out.

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 So we're going to stare evil in the face this morning.

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 And take a look at some of the ways that some pastors responded to that evil.

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 So first of all, what is a lynching?

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 In short, it's come to mean extra-legal killing of an individual at the hands of a mob.

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 But what we're talking about in American history after the late 1880s is what the Equal Justice Initiative rightly calls racial terror lynchings.

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 To understand that, I want us to turn to a particular one.

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 And so we're going to begin on the evening of June 21st, 1903, in Wilmington, Delaware, in the sanctuary of the Olivet Presbyterian Church.

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 A black man, George White, has just been accused of raping and murdering a white woman named Helen Bishop.

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 And he has been arrested, currently sitting in jail, being held without bail.

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 Pastor Robert Elwood, for this night's sermon, chose 1 Corinthians 5, 13 for his text, which reads,

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 Therefore put away from among ourselves that wicked person, referring to the guy who's having sex with his stepmom.

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 Here's a bit of that sermon.

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 Oh, honorable judges, call the court, have a speedy trial, establish a precedent, and the girls of this state, the wives of our home, and the mothers of our fireside, and our beloved sisters, will not be sorry.

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 And neither will you.

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 And honorable judges, if you do not hear and heed these appeals, and that prisoner should be taken out and lynched,

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 then let me say to you, with a full realization of the responsibility of my words,

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 even as Nathan said to King David of old, after his soldiers had killed Uriah, thou art the man,

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 so I would say to you, the responsibility for lynching would be yours for delaying the execution of the law.

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 If the judges insist that the trial of the murderer of Miss Bishop be delayed until September,

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 then should he be lynched?

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 I say, yes.

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 Miss Bishop's father was also a pastor, and he responded with an open letter to the town,

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 asking that they not, quote, try to atone for one crime, no matter how hellish, by committing another,

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 imploring the town to let the law take its course.

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 But the matter was out of his hands.

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 The night of June 23rd, two days later, a crowd of several hundred approached the jail, demanding admittance.

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 The guards fought them off with water hoses, but they would not be deterred.

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 As they beat upon the iron doors, the chief of police yelled,

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 the first man that comes into this corridor will be killed.

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 The leader of the mob responded with a sledgehammer in hand,

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 then you had better kill me for the first one.

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 They breached the jail and approached the cell,

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 and as they approached the cell, yells were heard from the crowd, saying,

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 don't hurt him, hang him.

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 Don't hit him, burn him at the stake.

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 Take him to the place where he murdered Miss Bishop,

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 for we have driven a stake there and will burn him.

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 They took him out of the jail and brought him to a secluded spot.

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 There he was bound in ropes from his shoulders to his feet,

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 was affixed to the stake under which there was a pile of straw,

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 and the torch was applied to the straw.

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 Newspapers tell us this,

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 the flames leaped up and licked the man's bare hands.

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 He was held erect by one of the lynchers until his clothing was burning

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 when he was pushed into the bed of the fire.

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 He rolled about and his contortions were terrible, but he made no sound.

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 Suddenly the ropes on his legs parted,

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 and he sprang from the fire and started to run,

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 and a man hit him with a piece of fence rail and knocked him down

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 as willing hands threw him again into the flames.

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 He rolled out a few times,

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 and each time they pushed him back in,

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 shouting and cheering.

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 There are two things that one must understand about this story.

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 First, it's not anomalous in its broad strokes.

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 Between the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and 1950,

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 more than 4,000 black men, women, and children were killed by white mobs.

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 When people think about lynching,

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 they generally think about the rope and hanging.

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 But the story of lynching is a story of castration,

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 mutilation, and perhaps most disturbingly, burning people alive.

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 Perhaps even more disturbingly than that,

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 as illustrated by this story that I've just told,

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 there were white pastors who advocated for such things,

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 suggesting that torturing and burning a human being alive

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 was an act of divinely sanctioned justice.

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 I jest with my colleagues that

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 if my research focused on white pastors during this period,

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 I would actually be depressed.

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 After all, the material is dark enough.

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 To compound a profoundly unjust distortion of the gospel,

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 on top of that,

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 is to witness some of the worst of humanity.

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 But thankfully,

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 those were not the only voices in this conversation.

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 Many have fallen into the trap of believing that lynching actually worked,

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 that it actually cowed particularly black churches into silence,

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 because of fear.

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 But that is not true.

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 Black pastors did indeed speak out,

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 and that's actually the focus of my research.

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 So I'm going to lay out a few examples of these responses,

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 and then we'll think through

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 kind of what that means for the church today.

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 So the first of these responses

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 comes as a response to that lynching that I just narrated.

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 It comes from an AME pastor who got national recognition

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 because of the sermon that he preached

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 soon after this lynching.

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 Here are the words of Reverend Montrose W. Thornton.

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 With a court, law, and officers of law

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 in the white man's hands,

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 the despised Negro can expect no mercy,

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 justice, or protection.

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 The Negro is unsafe anywhere in this country.

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 He is the open prey at all times

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 of barbarians who know no restraint

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 and will not be restrained.

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 There is but one part left for the persecuted Negro

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 when charged with a crime and when innocent.

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 Be a law unto yourself.

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 You are taught by this lesson of outrage

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 to save yourself from torture

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 at the hands of the blood-seeking public.

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 Save your race from insult and shame.

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 Be your own sheriff, court, and jury.

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 And here's the kicker.

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 Die in your tracks,

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 perhaps drinking the blood of your pursuers.

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 Yes, you heard that correctly.

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 Die in your tracks,

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 perhaps drinking the blood of your pursuers.

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 If a lynch mob is after you and you're innocent,

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 you won't survive.

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 So, what Pastor Thornton tells his congregation is,

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 take as many with you as you can.

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 And don't be surprised by that.

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 Because when one lives in a culture

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 where one's life is constantly in danger,

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 when someone could be killed

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 merely for being accused of a crime

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 or for being related to or near someone

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 who's been accused of a crime,

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 one way to affirm your dignity as a human being,

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 and this is one of the things

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 that pastors were kind of figuring out how to do,

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 one of the ways to affirm your dignity

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 as a human being

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 is to advocate for armed self-defense.

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 This is one of the options.

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 And if anyone would appear to be entirely justified

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 in pitching self-defense as an option,

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 it must be a community that's faced

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 with the prospect of unjust death on all sides.

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 Like David Walker, the abolitionist in the early 19th century,

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 and Malcolm X after him,

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 Thornton encouraged black communities

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 not to accept the predominance of domestic terrorism

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 in American society.

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 But self-defense was not the only option provided

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 in African-American theological and political thought.

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 In 1899, a lynching took place

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 that in many ways changed the future

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 of African-American intellectual history.

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 Sam Hose accused of raping a white woman

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 when what really happened

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 was that he killed his employer in self-defense

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 after his employer came at him with a gun

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 because he asked for back pay that he was owed

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 and because he asked for time off

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 to help his ailing mother.

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 Those requests were essentially an insult to his employer,

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 for him to say that his employer owed him something.

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 It's an insult, punishable by death.

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 So he was caught by a mob.

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 They cut off his ears and fingers,

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 castrated him, chained him to a tree,

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 doused him in kerosene, and burned him alive.

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 And as the fire began to die, trains from...

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 This happens around noon in Georgia.

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 As the fires began to die, trains come in from Atlanta

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 and more than 2,000 more people come in

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 to look through the ashes for charred bones and body parts,

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 taking pieces of the chain that bound him,

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 taking pieces of the tree to which he was chained,

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 all to take souvenirs.

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 And an afternoon soon after that, within two days,

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 W.E.B. Du Bois was on his way to see Joel Chandler Harris,

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 a prominent author,

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 and to see an editor of the prominent newspaper

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 at the Atlanta Constitution

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 because he heard that this lynching was about to happen.

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 Before he got to that office,

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 he learned that Hoes had already been, quote,

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 barbecued

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 and that his knuckles were for sale

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 in a grocer's window a few blocks ahead.

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 Later, thinking back on this moment, he wrote,

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 I did not meet Joel Chandler Harris

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 nor the editor of the Constitution,

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 but walked home in a distracted state of mind

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 realizing that one could not be a calm, cool,

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 and detached scientist

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 while Negroes were being lynched,

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 murdered, and starved.

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 W.E.B. Du Bois, the activist,

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 perhaps the most prominent black intellectual

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 of the early 20th century,

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 was essentially born on that day.

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 And he would go on to be instrumental

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 in the founding of the NAACP,

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 which would eventually mount

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 significant anti-lynching campaigns.

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 But that day shocked more than just W.E.B. Du Bois.

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 It also shocked a pastor

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 who also ended up being

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 one of the co-founders of the NAACP,

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 whose name was Francis Grimke.

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 Grimke was the nephew of Angelina and Sarah Grimke,

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 the well-known northern abolitionists

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 and early advocates for women's rights.

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 A few weeks after Hoes' lynching,

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 Grimke preached three sermons on lynching

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 to the 15th Street Presbyterian Church

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 in Washington, D.C.,

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 with the mob killing of Stephen

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 as his text for Max.

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 In summary, Francis Grimke's three sermons

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 focus on lynching's causes

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 and its remedies.

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 Because these sermons are a revelation

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 of lynching's true nature

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 and an affirmation of black humanity.

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 Like Ida B. Wells,

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 the single most important human being

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 in the history of anti-lynching activism,

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 Grimke recognized that the narrative

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 that was offered by southern apologists

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 was a false one.

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 So lynching as a phenomenon,

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 if you look before the 1860s,

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 well, really before the 1880s,

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 it affected white and black populations

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 in almost comparable numbers.

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 But in the late 1880s,

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 the number of white people being lynched

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 drops and the number of black people

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 being lynched skyrockets.

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 Why might that be the case?

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 Well, it's a culmination of a trend

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 that begins immediately

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 after the end of Reconstruction.

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 A trend called redemption.

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 When white southerners take back

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 political power over the South.

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 And so when southern whites were asked

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 why black men were lynched across the South,

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 the answer that they gave was consistent.

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 And the answer was this.

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 Well, it's because black men rape white women.

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 Listen, after Sam Hose was burned alive in 1899,

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 a note was left on a tree near his corpse

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 that said,

00:14:23.980 --> 00:14:25.580
 we must protect our southern women.

00:14:26.639 --> 00:14:28.000
 Grimke, however, and others

00:14:28.000 --> 00:14:29.460
 were not convinced.

00:14:30.340 --> 00:14:31.379
 Looking at the statistics

00:14:31.379 --> 00:14:33.080
 and also not buying the narrative

00:14:33.080 --> 00:14:37.420
 because it's a ridiculous claim to make,

00:14:38.160 --> 00:14:39.560
 Grimke, like Wells before him,

00:14:39.700 --> 00:14:41.040
 found that people were lynched

00:14:41.040 --> 00:14:42.940
 because they broke the codes of Jim Crow.

00:14:42.940 --> 00:14:45.640
 Yes, some were accused of rape.

00:14:46.140 --> 00:14:47.360
 Some were accused of rape

00:14:47.360 --> 00:14:51.460
 because they were in a consensual relationship

00:14:51.460 --> 00:14:52.360
 with a white woman.

00:14:52.800 --> 00:14:55.680
 But when they were found out,

00:14:56.000 --> 00:14:56.980
 they were accused of rape.

00:14:57.080 --> 00:14:57.900
 Some were accused of rape

00:14:57.900 --> 00:14:59.060
 because they bumped the shoulder

00:14:59.060 --> 00:15:00.180
 of a white woman.

00:15:00.460 --> 00:15:01.140
 Some were accused

00:15:01.140 --> 00:15:03.120
 because they looked at a white woman.

00:15:03.280 --> 00:15:04.160
 Some were accused of rape

00:15:04.160 --> 00:15:05.120
 as an afterthought

00:15:05.120 --> 00:15:06.520
 to whip up a crowd

00:15:06.520 --> 00:15:07.920
 with no evidence at all.

00:15:08.880 --> 00:15:09.560
 As a response,

00:15:09.660 --> 00:15:11.240
 Grimke was clear in his sermon saying,

00:15:11.240 --> 00:15:13.480
 it is all accepted as true.

00:15:13.980 --> 00:15:15.279
 And insofar as it is accepted,

00:15:15.440 --> 00:15:17.019
 the North as well as the church

00:15:17.019 --> 00:15:18.340
 is guilty of condemning

00:15:18.340 --> 00:15:19.440
 the Negro upon charges

00:15:19.440 --> 00:15:21.080
 which have never been substantiated

00:15:21.080 --> 00:15:22.100
 according to the method

00:15:22.100 --> 00:15:23.240
 of civilized society.

00:15:23.840 --> 00:15:25.440
 The alleged Negro rapist

00:15:25.440 --> 00:15:26.860
 is entitled to a fair trial.

00:15:27.120 --> 00:15:29.580
 And until he has had that trial,

00:15:29.879 --> 00:15:32.360
 to kill him is a flagrant injustice,

00:15:32.759 --> 00:15:33.820
 a monstrous wrong.

00:15:34.200 --> 00:15:35.500
 Never ought we to accept

00:15:35.500 --> 00:15:36.639
 the verdict of a mob

00:15:36.639 --> 00:15:37.820
 against any man,

00:15:38.000 --> 00:15:38.799
 white or black.

00:15:38.799 --> 00:15:40.559
 The reasons for lynching

00:15:40.559 --> 00:15:41.899
 were instead clear to Grimke.

00:15:42.479 --> 00:15:43.959
 He affirmed that lynching's

00:15:43.959 --> 00:15:44.759
 primary purpose

00:15:44.759 --> 00:15:45.819
 was not justice.

00:15:46.699 --> 00:15:47.479
 It was order.

00:15:48.319 --> 00:15:49.899
 And order in the minds

00:15:49.899 --> 00:15:50.679
 of white communities

00:15:50.679 --> 00:15:52.000
 was keeping black communities

00:15:52.000 --> 00:15:52.859
 in their place.

00:15:54.039 --> 00:15:55.779
 And so what did Grimke think

00:15:55.779 --> 00:15:56.439
 was the remedy

00:15:56.439 --> 00:15:58.779
 to this way of thinking?

00:15:59.879 --> 00:16:00.639
 Grimke's answer,

00:16:00.839 --> 00:16:03.500
 which was one among many,

00:16:03.620 --> 00:16:04.599
 including self-defense and others,

00:16:04.679 --> 00:16:05.279
 but what he said

00:16:05.279 --> 00:16:06.500
 was education,

00:16:06.879 --> 00:16:07.639
 social, political,

00:16:07.639 --> 00:16:08.720
 moral, and religious.

00:16:09.419 --> 00:16:11.100
 So what Grimke called for

00:16:11.100 --> 00:16:12.500
 was an educational campaign

00:16:12.500 --> 00:16:13.819
 that was both destructive

00:16:13.819 --> 00:16:14.779
 and constructive,

00:16:15.460 --> 00:16:16.480
 destroying the edifice

00:16:16.480 --> 00:16:17.259
 of white supremacy

00:16:17.259 --> 00:16:18.879
 and constructing a framework

00:16:18.879 --> 00:16:20.799
 that allowed full civic participation

00:16:20.799 --> 00:16:21.779
 for African Americans.

00:16:22.580 --> 00:16:23.939
 This educational campaign

00:16:23.939 --> 00:16:25.100
 would have to systematically

00:16:25.100 --> 00:16:26.799
 dismantle the assumptions

00:16:26.799 --> 00:16:27.919
 that black people

00:16:27.919 --> 00:16:29.059
 were voiceless chattel,

00:16:29.220 --> 00:16:30.519
 only valued for their worth

00:16:30.519 --> 00:16:31.559
 to the economic system.

00:16:32.100 --> 00:16:32.980
 In his words,

00:16:33.399 --> 00:16:34.259
 the southern white man

00:16:34.259 --> 00:16:35.179
 needs to be educated

00:16:35.179 --> 00:16:36.059
 into a recognition

00:16:36.059 --> 00:16:36.919
 of the fact

00:16:36.919 --> 00:16:37.939
 of the Negro's manhood

00:16:37.939 --> 00:16:39.099
 or humanity,

00:16:39.419 --> 00:16:40.559
 into the habit

00:16:40.559 --> 00:16:41.579
 of thinking of the Negro

00:16:41.579 --> 00:16:42.439
 as a human being

00:16:42.439 --> 00:16:43.599
 and not as some

00:16:43.599 --> 00:16:44.899
 lower form of existence

00:16:44.899 --> 00:16:46.099
 that puts him beyond

00:16:46.099 --> 00:16:47.359
 the ordinary civilities

00:16:47.359 --> 00:16:47.979
 of life.

00:16:48.939 --> 00:16:50.779
 As people had been educated

00:16:50.779 --> 00:16:51.739
 to think that

00:16:51.739 --> 00:16:52.839
 black people were inferior,

00:16:53.019 --> 00:16:54.839
 so they had to be educated

00:16:54.839 --> 00:16:59.179
 in African American humanity,

00:16:59.379 --> 00:16:59.679
 apparently.

00:17:00.279 --> 00:17:02.000
 But who was to do this work?

00:17:02.000 --> 00:17:04.779
 Grimke began with the explicit belief

00:17:04.779 --> 00:17:05.859
 that anti-lynching work

00:17:05.859 --> 00:17:07.079
 had to begin in the church.

00:17:08.059 --> 00:17:09.299
 In fact, in Grimke's mind,

00:17:09.619 --> 00:17:10.680
 one ought to expect

00:17:10.680 --> 00:17:11.579
 to look to ministers

00:17:11.579 --> 00:17:12.259
 of the gospel

00:17:12.259 --> 00:17:13.359
 because they're supposed

00:17:13.359 --> 00:17:14.619
 to be God's representatives

00:17:14.619 --> 00:17:15.440
 fighting for justice

00:17:15.440 --> 00:17:16.339
 and common humanity.

00:17:16.740 --> 00:17:17.980
 If anyone ought to be

00:17:17.980 --> 00:17:18.680
 on the front lines

00:17:18.680 --> 00:17:20.039
 and if anyone had the resources

00:17:20.039 --> 00:17:21.279
 to actually justify

00:17:21.279 --> 00:17:22.000
 their presence

00:17:22.000 --> 00:17:22.960
 on the front lines,

00:17:23.160 --> 00:17:24.180
 it had to be ministers

00:17:24.180 --> 00:17:25.559
 of the gospel of Jesus Christ.

00:17:26.359 --> 00:17:27.180
 Grimke laid out ample

00:17:27.180 --> 00:17:28.019
 scriptural evidence

00:17:28.019 --> 00:17:29.140
 for racial equality

00:17:29.140 --> 00:17:30.559
 in the sense that

00:17:30.559 --> 00:17:31.920
 conceptions of race

00:17:31.920 --> 00:17:32.779
 as set forth

00:17:32.779 --> 00:17:33.820
 by southern whites

00:17:33.820 --> 00:17:35.279
 to affirm their own superiority

00:17:35.279 --> 00:17:36.840
 in the southern and northern.

00:17:37.560 --> 00:17:38.680
 They're rooted in falsehood.

00:17:39.880 --> 00:17:40.900
 Rightly, Grimke pointed

00:17:40.900 --> 00:17:41.640
 to such verses

00:17:41.640 --> 00:17:43.120
 as Acts 17, 26

00:17:43.120 --> 00:17:45.560
 and Genesis 1, 26 and 27,

00:17:45.920 --> 00:17:47.120
 noting that all human beings

00:17:47.120 --> 00:17:48.080
 are descended from Adam

00:17:48.080 --> 00:17:48.800
 and thus created

00:17:48.800 --> 00:17:49.860
 in the image of God.

00:17:50.480 --> 00:17:51.380
 As a result,

00:17:51.560 --> 00:17:52.080
 he says this,

00:17:52.740 --> 00:17:53.800
 there isn't a hint

00:17:53.800 --> 00:17:54.960
 or suggestion

00:17:54.960 --> 00:17:56.200
 or anything that could

00:17:56.200 --> 00:17:57.400
 in any way be twisted

00:17:57.400 --> 00:17:58.420
 into even so much

00:17:58.420 --> 00:17:59.200
 as the semblance

00:17:59.200 --> 00:17:59.860
 of an argument

00:17:59.860 --> 00:18:01.380
 in support of the belief

00:18:01.380 --> 00:18:02.080
 that some races

00:18:02.080 --> 00:18:03.520
 were created superior

00:18:03.520 --> 00:18:04.160
 to others

00:18:04.160 --> 00:18:05.280
 in the sense

00:18:05.280 --> 00:18:05.940
 in which that term

00:18:05.940 --> 00:18:07.180
 is used by the southern whites

00:18:07.180 --> 00:18:08.500
 in dealing with the race question.

00:18:09.400 --> 00:18:09.920
 For Grimke,

00:18:10.040 --> 00:18:11.420
 that, along with the fact

00:18:11.420 --> 00:18:12.260
 that everyone is held

00:18:12.260 --> 00:18:13.340
 to the same standard

00:18:13.340 --> 00:18:14.280
 in the Ten Commandments

00:18:14.280 --> 00:18:15.520
 and the fact that the gospel

00:18:15.520 --> 00:18:16.120
 is preached

00:18:16.120 --> 00:18:17.420
 to all indiscriminately,

00:18:17.940 --> 00:18:18.980
 solves the problem

00:18:18.980 --> 00:18:21.020
 of ontological inferiority,

00:18:21.080 --> 00:18:22.020
 that is, inferiority

00:18:22.020 --> 00:18:23.420
 in terms of being.

00:18:24.360 --> 00:18:25.480
 And Grimke was optimistic

00:18:25.480 --> 00:18:26.840
 about the possible success

00:18:26.840 --> 00:18:27.540
 of his project,

00:18:28.060 --> 00:18:28.360
 saying,

00:18:28.359 --> 00:18:29.519
 let the ministers

00:18:29.519 --> 00:18:30.119
 and elders

00:18:30.119 --> 00:18:30.779
 and deacons

00:18:30.779 --> 00:18:31.299
 and members,

00:18:31.439 --> 00:18:32.339
 those who have come out

00:18:32.339 --> 00:18:32.979
 from the world

00:18:32.979 --> 00:18:34.519
 and have taken upon themselves

00:18:34.519 --> 00:18:35.500
 the name of Jesus,

00:18:36.079 --> 00:18:37.519
 first get right themselves

00:18:37.519 --> 00:18:38.419
 on this subject.

00:18:38.939 --> 00:18:39.599
 Let them accord

00:18:39.599 --> 00:18:40.019
 to the Negro

00:18:40.019 --> 00:18:41.099
 his rights as a citizen.

00:18:41.599 --> 00:18:42.459
 Let them treat him

00:18:42.459 --> 00:18:43.419
 as he ought to be treated

00:18:43.419 --> 00:18:44.379
 as a man and brother,

00:18:45.019 --> 00:18:46.659
 as is required

00:18:46.659 --> 00:18:48.019
 by God's most holy law,

00:18:48.219 --> 00:18:48.879
 which they profess

00:18:48.879 --> 00:18:50.000
 to believe and to follow,

00:18:50.479 --> 00:18:51.539
 and it will not be difficult

00:18:51.539 --> 00:18:52.199
 to get those

00:18:52.199 --> 00:18:52.779
 on the outside

00:18:52.779 --> 00:18:53.839
 to fall in line.

00:18:53.839 --> 00:18:57.019
 The church is in a position

00:18:57.019 --> 00:18:57.659
 to wield

00:18:57.659 --> 00:18:59.199
 a tremendous influence

00:18:59.199 --> 00:18:59.879
 in this matter

00:18:59.879 --> 00:19:01.720
 if it will only arouse itself

00:19:01.720 --> 00:19:02.379
 to a sense

00:19:02.379 --> 00:19:03.399
 of its responsibilities

00:19:03.399 --> 00:19:05.299
 and will have the courage

00:19:05.299 --> 00:19:06.259
 to do what it knows

00:19:06.259 --> 00:19:06.899
 to be right.

00:19:08.659 --> 00:19:10.319
 Now, this was an honorable goal

00:19:10.319 --> 00:19:12.259
 and an honorable sentiment,

00:19:12.679 --> 00:19:14.639
 but it was not enough.

00:19:15.819 --> 00:19:17.399
 While it combats

00:19:17.399 --> 00:19:18.899
 the racialization of lynching,

00:19:19.000 --> 00:19:19.359
 that is,

00:19:19.579 --> 00:19:21.579
 or what I narrated before

00:19:21.579 --> 00:19:22.379
 of the shift

00:19:22.379 --> 00:19:25.439
 to black people

00:19:25.439 --> 00:19:25.939
 being lynched

00:19:25.939 --> 00:19:27.359
 in large numbers,

00:19:28.059 --> 00:19:28.939
 it didn't deal

00:19:28.939 --> 00:19:30.039
 with the moral narrative

00:19:30.039 --> 00:19:30.859
 behind it.

00:19:31.399 --> 00:19:32.879
 Because someone can believe

00:19:32.879 --> 00:19:33.879
 that African Americans

00:19:33.879 --> 00:19:34.639
 are human

00:19:34.639 --> 00:19:35.819
 and still think

00:19:35.819 --> 00:19:37.119
 that they're morally degraded

00:19:37.119 --> 00:19:38.079
 and that they particularly

00:19:38.079 --> 00:19:39.439
 need to be kept in line.

00:19:40.179 --> 00:19:42.419
 So, you're not essentially

00:19:42.419 --> 00:19:43.919
 actively a member

00:19:43.919 --> 00:19:44.799
 of the lynch mob,

00:19:45.119 --> 00:19:46.779
 but racist ideology

00:19:46.779 --> 00:19:47.579
 is still present.

00:19:49.519 --> 00:19:50.339
 And so one way

00:19:50.339 --> 00:19:50.960
 to do this,

00:19:50.960 --> 00:19:52.120
 one way to combat this

00:19:52.120 --> 00:19:53.400
 was to draw on another

00:19:53.400 --> 00:19:54.500
 core Christian claim

00:19:54.500 --> 00:19:55.340
 that sin

00:19:55.340 --> 00:19:56.579
 is a universally

00:19:56.579 --> 00:19:57.779
 corrupting phenomenon.

00:19:58.620 --> 00:19:59.680
 While human beings,

00:19:59.900 --> 00:20:01.140
 by means of our creation

00:20:01.140 --> 00:20:04.460
 and thus our participation

00:20:04.460 --> 00:20:05.019
 in God

00:20:05.019 --> 00:20:06.019
 insofar as we exist,

00:20:06.900 --> 00:20:08.039
 we have dignity

00:20:08.039 --> 00:20:09.079
 as a result of that.

00:20:09.519 --> 00:20:10.980
 But our sin places us

00:20:10.980 --> 00:20:11.559
 in a place

00:20:11.559 --> 00:20:12.460
 of concurrent guilt.

00:20:13.500 --> 00:20:14.799
 And so in such a situation,

00:20:15.340 --> 00:20:15.840
 justice,

00:20:16.200 --> 00:20:17.460
 insofar as we're able

00:20:17.460 --> 00:20:18.220
 to enact it,

00:20:18.539 --> 00:20:19.319
 appears proximate

00:20:19.319 --> 00:20:20.819
 in most cases.

00:20:20.960 --> 00:20:22.400
 Because we inevitably

00:20:22.400 --> 00:20:22.960
 have cases

00:20:22.960 --> 00:20:24.019
 of corrupt human beings

00:20:24.019 --> 00:20:25.180
 attempting to form

00:20:25.180 --> 00:20:26.180
 institutions and laws

00:20:26.180 --> 00:20:26.940
 to judge other

00:20:26.940 --> 00:20:27.799
 corrupt human beings.

00:20:28.579 --> 00:20:29.340
 But in the case

00:20:29.340 --> 00:20:29.840
 of lynching,

00:20:30.420 --> 00:20:32.059
 the seeming guiltlessness

00:20:32.059 --> 00:20:33.660
 of the lynchers

00:20:33.660 --> 00:20:35.400
 revealed that such a conception

00:20:35.400 --> 00:20:36.039
 was foreign.

00:20:36.680 --> 00:20:37.120
 For them,

00:20:37.340 --> 00:20:38.279
 only the black person

00:20:38.279 --> 00:20:38.720
 was guilty

00:20:38.720 --> 00:20:39.799
 and only the black person

00:20:39.799 --> 00:20:40.559
 could be guilty.

00:20:41.440 --> 00:20:42.940
 As white male protectors

00:20:42.940 --> 00:20:44.200
 of southern female virtue,

00:20:44.360 --> 00:20:44.920
 what did they have

00:20:44.920 --> 00:20:45.779
 to be ashamed of?

00:20:46.460 --> 00:20:47.519
 It took the testimony

00:20:47.519 --> 00:20:48.319
 of African American

00:20:48.319 --> 00:20:48.720
 activists,

00:20:48.899 --> 00:20:49.139
 pastors,

00:20:49.259 --> 00:20:49.720
 and poets

00:20:49.720 --> 00:20:51.259
 to continue to affirm

00:20:51.259 --> 00:20:51.779
 the humanity

00:20:51.779 --> 00:20:52.539
 of black people

00:20:52.539 --> 00:20:53.859
 as well as to remind

00:20:53.859 --> 00:20:54.500
 white folks

00:20:54.500 --> 00:20:55.940
 of their own depravity.

00:20:56.639 --> 00:20:57.539
 And it was precisely

00:20:57.539 --> 00:20:58.460
 the second move

00:20:58.460 --> 00:20:59.319
 that Ida B. Wells

00:20:59.319 --> 00:21:01.460
 and other pastors

00:21:01.460 --> 00:21:02.259
 later would attempt

00:21:02.259 --> 00:21:03.180
 to put to the forefront

00:21:03.180 --> 00:21:04.740
 as they described

00:21:04.740 --> 00:21:06.000
 the brutality of lynching

00:21:06.000 --> 00:21:07.500
 and exposed the nation

00:21:07.500 --> 00:21:08.539
 to the circulating

00:21:08.539 --> 00:21:09.279
 postcards

00:21:09.279 --> 00:21:10.119
 and photographs

00:21:10.119 --> 00:21:11.500
 of charred victims.

00:21:11.500 --> 00:21:13.220
 What you see in this map

00:21:13.220 --> 00:21:14.599
 behind you,

00:21:14.700 --> 00:21:15.819
 and this is only a portion

00:21:15.819 --> 00:21:17.200
 of the map,

00:21:17.779 --> 00:21:19.740
 these are all of the

00:21:19.740 --> 00:21:21.059
 recorded lynchings

00:21:21.059 --> 00:21:23.420
 from 1835 to 1964.

00:21:23.819 --> 00:21:26.119
 They're color-coded racially.

00:21:26.920 --> 00:21:28.180
 If we were to zoom

00:21:28.180 --> 00:21:29.759
 into southern Texas,

00:21:29.900 --> 00:21:30.480
 we would see

00:21:30.480 --> 00:21:33.140
 just a number of Mexicans

00:21:33.140 --> 00:21:33.660
 being lynched.

00:21:33.759 --> 00:21:35.559
 But this is just the look

00:21:35.559 --> 00:21:36.180
 of the deep south.

00:21:36.279 --> 00:21:38.140
 This extends northern.

00:21:38.140 --> 00:21:39.880
 But every single one

00:21:39.880 --> 00:21:41.660
 of these dots

00:21:41.660 --> 00:21:42.880
 is a skull.

00:21:43.900 --> 00:21:44.640
 Because every single

00:21:44.640 --> 00:21:45.560
 one of these dots

00:21:45.560 --> 00:21:46.660
 is an African-American

00:21:46.660 --> 00:21:47.560
 man, woman, or child

00:21:47.560 --> 00:21:49.140
 killed by mob violence.

00:21:50.320 --> 00:21:51.240
 And there are thousands

00:21:51.240 --> 00:21:51.640
 of these.

00:21:51.860 --> 00:21:52.720
 This is from

00:21:52.720 --> 00:21:54.060
 monroeworktoday.org.

00:21:54.900 --> 00:21:56.240
 But these are just

00:21:56.240 --> 00:21:58.160
 the recorded ones

00:21:58.160 --> 00:21:59.400
 in newspapers.

00:22:01.000 --> 00:22:01.860
 Countless others

00:22:01.860 --> 00:22:05.020
 went unreported.

00:22:05.840 --> 00:22:07.860
 But this is just a

00:22:07.859 --> 00:22:09.299
 visual representation

00:22:09.299 --> 00:22:10.259
 of how widespread

00:22:10.259 --> 00:22:11.099
 this phenomenon

00:22:11.099 --> 00:22:13.199
 was.

00:22:19.059 --> 00:22:19.979
 And so I want

00:22:19.979 --> 00:22:21.699
 to take a quick

00:22:21.699 --> 00:22:24.240
 look at the work

00:22:24.240 --> 00:22:26.139
 of Ida B. Wells.

00:22:26.919 --> 00:22:27.899
 Because Desiree messes

00:22:27.899 --> 00:22:28.559
 with me about

00:22:28.559 --> 00:22:29.279
 Ida B. Wells

00:22:29.279 --> 00:22:30.319
 because she's basically

00:22:30.319 --> 00:22:31.519
 the hero of my research

00:22:31.519 --> 00:22:32.219
 and I talk about her

00:22:32.219 --> 00:22:32.879
 all the time.

00:22:33.099 --> 00:22:33.819
 And it's generally

00:22:33.819 --> 00:22:34.619
 not a good practice

00:22:34.619 --> 00:22:35.799
 to gush about other women

00:22:35.799 --> 00:22:36.939
 in the front of your wife.

00:22:36.940 --> 00:22:38.080
 But I assure her

00:22:38.080 --> 00:22:38.820
 that she's no longer

00:22:38.820 --> 00:22:39.860
 living so she's not a threat.

00:22:41.500 --> 00:22:42.240
 But the reason

00:22:42.240 --> 00:22:42.860
 I talk about her

00:22:42.860 --> 00:22:44.640
 is that her courage

00:22:44.640 --> 00:22:45.299
 and resilience

00:22:45.299 --> 00:22:46.259
 in the face

00:22:46.259 --> 00:22:47.080
 of a lynching culture

00:22:47.080 --> 00:22:48.080
 is astonishing.

00:22:49.140 --> 00:22:50.059
 Wells was a journalist

00:22:50.059 --> 00:22:50.799
 and at the time

00:22:50.799 --> 00:22:52.799
 of what I call

00:22:52.799 --> 00:22:53.340
 her awakening

00:22:54.019 --> 00:22:54.820
 in 1890

00:22:54.820 --> 00:22:56.240
 she was editor

00:22:56.240 --> 00:22:57.080
 and part owner

00:22:57.080 --> 00:22:57.640
 of the Memphis

00:22:57.640 --> 00:22:59.080
 Free Speech newspaper.

00:22:59.480 --> 00:23:00.519
 A significant achievement

00:23:00.519 --> 00:23:01.140
 in itself.

00:23:01.140 --> 00:23:02.540
 But when she heard

00:23:02.540 --> 00:23:03.360
 that three men

00:23:03.360 --> 00:23:03.800
 one of whom

00:23:03.800 --> 00:23:04.420
 was her friend

00:23:04.420 --> 00:23:05.240
 had been lynched

00:23:05.240 --> 00:23:05.700
 in Memphis

00:23:05.700 --> 00:23:06.980
 she was surprised.

00:23:07.480 --> 00:23:08.060
 After all

00:23:08.060 --> 00:23:09.200
 she like many others

00:23:09.200 --> 00:23:10.280
 was under the impression

00:23:10.280 --> 00:23:10.780
 that lynching

00:23:10.780 --> 00:23:11.900
 only happened for rape.

00:23:12.220 --> 00:23:13.100
 But she knew these guys.

00:23:13.440 --> 00:23:14.340
 She knew that

00:23:14.340 --> 00:23:15.340
 they couldn't have

00:23:15.340 --> 00:23:16.240
 been accused of rape.

00:23:16.900 --> 00:23:17.980
 As she investigated

00:23:17.980 --> 00:23:18.520
 this case

00:23:18.520 --> 00:23:19.200
 she found that

00:23:19.200 --> 00:23:20.180
 they had been lynched

00:23:20.180 --> 00:23:21.440
 because their grocery store

00:23:21.440 --> 00:23:22.340
 was in competition

00:23:22.340 --> 00:23:24.400
 with the white one

00:23:24.400 --> 00:23:25.200
 across the street.

00:23:25.580 --> 00:23:26.440
 And when they defended

00:23:26.440 --> 00:23:27.200
 themselves against

00:23:27.200 --> 00:23:27.840
 an attack

00:23:27.840 --> 00:23:28.560
 they shot at

00:23:28.560 --> 00:23:29.380
 and inadvertently

00:23:29.380 --> 00:23:31.020
 wounded police officers.

00:23:32.120 --> 00:23:32.540
 And when she

00:23:32.540 --> 00:23:34.220
 wrote about this

00:23:34.220 --> 00:23:35.060
 the response

00:23:35.060 --> 00:23:35.540
 was

00:23:35.540 --> 00:23:37.500
 not positive.

00:23:38.500 --> 00:23:39.460
 People burned down

00:23:39.460 --> 00:23:39.840
 the paper

00:23:39.840 --> 00:23:40.820
 that she submitted to

00:23:40.820 --> 00:23:41.280
 and threatened

00:23:41.280 --> 00:23:41.920
 to lynch her

00:23:41.920 --> 00:23:43.040
 so she ran to the north

00:23:43.040 --> 00:23:44.060
 where she lived

00:23:44.060 --> 00:23:44.960
 for the rest of her life.

00:23:45.060 --> 00:23:45.520
 But she still

00:23:45.520 --> 00:23:46.920
 constantly visited

00:23:46.920 --> 00:23:47.340
 the south

00:23:47.340 --> 00:23:48.080
 to investigate

00:23:48.080 --> 00:23:48.860
 these lynchings.

00:23:50.080 --> 00:23:50.940
 In the case

00:23:50.940 --> 00:23:51.240
 of the one

00:23:51.240 --> 00:23:51.680
 in Memphis

00:23:51.680 --> 00:23:52.740
 this was

00:23:52.740 --> 00:23:53.580
 a lynching

00:23:53.580 --> 00:23:54.620
 that took place

00:23:54.620 --> 00:23:55.060
 because

00:23:55.060 --> 00:23:56.160
 these three men

00:23:56.160 --> 00:23:57.440
 posed an economic threat.

00:23:58.680 --> 00:23:59.280
 And as she

00:23:59.279 --> 00:24:00.720
 and through her

00:24:00.720 --> 00:24:01.420
 national and

00:24:01.420 --> 00:24:02.079
 international

00:24:02.079 --> 00:24:03.240
 anti-lynching campaigns

00:24:03.240 --> 00:24:04.440
 she popularized

00:24:04.440 --> 00:24:05.480
 the truth about lynching

00:24:05.480 --> 00:24:06.299
 convincing both

00:24:06.299 --> 00:24:06.940
 Frederick Douglass

00:24:06.940 --> 00:24:07.879
 and W.B. Du Bois

00:24:07.879 --> 00:24:09.079
 of this fact.

00:24:09.740 --> 00:24:10.180
 That lynching

00:24:10.180 --> 00:24:10.879
 was a tool

00:24:10.879 --> 00:24:11.740
 of racial terror

00:24:11.740 --> 00:24:12.720
 meant to keep

00:24:12.720 --> 00:24:13.220
 black people

00:24:13.220 --> 00:24:14.180
 in their place

00:24:14.180 --> 00:24:15.099
 of economic

00:24:15.099 --> 00:24:16.299
 and racial inferiority.

00:24:16.859 --> 00:24:17.839
 She brought attention

00:24:17.839 --> 00:24:18.440
 to the fact

00:24:18.440 --> 00:24:19.539
 that what made

00:24:19.539 --> 00:24:20.119
 the narrative

00:24:20.119 --> 00:24:21.119
 of the black beast

00:24:21.119 --> 00:24:21.619
 rapist

00:24:21.619 --> 00:24:22.399
 so compelling

00:24:22.399 --> 00:24:23.299
 was that people

00:24:23.299 --> 00:24:24.619
 believed these stories

00:24:24.619 --> 00:24:25.759
 about all white women

00:24:25.759 --> 00:24:26.539
 all white men

00:24:26.539 --> 00:24:27.279
 all black men

00:24:27.279 --> 00:24:28.180
 and all black women.

00:24:28.180 --> 00:24:29.640
 all white women

00:24:29.640 --> 00:24:30.500
 were paragons

00:24:30.500 --> 00:24:31.000
 of virtue

00:24:31.000 --> 00:24:31.700
 who would never

00:24:31.700 --> 00:24:32.500
 dare to enter

00:24:32.500 --> 00:24:33.340
 into a relationship

00:24:33.340 --> 00:24:34.259
 with a black man.

00:24:34.740 --> 00:24:35.680
 All white men

00:24:35.680 --> 00:24:36.259
 were defenders

00:24:36.259 --> 00:24:36.920
 of virtue

00:24:36.920 --> 00:24:37.779
 justified

00:24:37.779 --> 00:24:39.420
 in using lethal force

00:24:39.420 --> 00:24:39.940
 to defend

00:24:39.940 --> 00:24:40.480
 white women.

00:24:41.140 --> 00:24:41.980
 All black women

00:24:41.980 --> 00:24:42.799
 were salacious

00:24:42.799 --> 00:24:43.500
 Jezebels

00:24:43.500 --> 00:24:44.580
 and black men

00:24:44.580 --> 00:24:45.740
 were inhuman demons

00:24:45.740 --> 00:24:46.560
 ready to prey

00:24:46.560 --> 00:24:48.039
 upon unsuspecting girls.

00:24:48.720 --> 00:24:49.620
 The complexity

00:24:49.620 --> 00:24:50.440
 of humanity

00:24:50.440 --> 00:24:51.920
 was smoothed

00:24:51.920 --> 00:24:52.560
 and ignored

00:24:52.560 --> 00:24:53.480
 in the face

00:24:53.480 --> 00:24:54.080
 of the need

00:24:54.080 --> 00:24:54.720
 to maintain

00:24:54.720 --> 00:24:55.440
 white supremacy.

00:24:55.440 --> 00:24:56.759
 And Wells'

00:24:56.900 --> 00:24:57.400
 insight

00:24:57.400 --> 00:24:58.180
 was amazing

00:24:58.180 --> 00:24:59.400
 and her courage

00:24:59.400 --> 00:25:00.080
 to speak

00:25:00.080 --> 00:25:01.160
 not only here

00:25:01.160 --> 00:25:01.980
 but abroad

00:25:01.980 --> 00:25:03.019
 as a black woman

00:25:03.019 --> 00:25:03.580
 in the beginning

00:25:03.580 --> 00:25:04.519
 of the 20th century

00:25:04.519 --> 00:25:06.120
 is mind-bogglingly heroic.

00:25:07.880 --> 00:25:08.500
 But

00:25:08.500 --> 00:25:10.200
 there's a sense

00:25:10.200 --> 00:25:10.740
 in which even

00:25:10.740 --> 00:25:11.460
 this move

00:25:11.460 --> 00:25:12.100
 backfired

00:25:12.100 --> 00:25:13.200
 because it wasn't

00:25:13.200 --> 00:25:14.259
 paired with a cohesive

00:25:14.259 --> 00:25:14.960
 theological

00:25:14.960 --> 00:25:16.000
 or ethical narrative.

00:25:17.000 --> 00:25:17.440
 So lynching

00:25:17.440 --> 00:25:18.240
 didn't

00:25:18.240 --> 00:25:19.480
 end.

00:25:20.400 --> 00:25:21.240
 It merely

00:25:21.240 --> 00:25:22.080
 went underground

00:25:22.080 --> 00:25:23.039
 for a while

00:25:23.039 --> 00:25:24.200
 because public

00:25:24.200 --> 00:25:25.299
 brutal execution

00:25:25.299 --> 00:25:26.200
 of allegedly

00:25:26.200 --> 00:25:27.500
 criminal African-Americans

00:25:27.500 --> 00:25:28.319
 no longer

00:25:28.319 --> 00:25:29.000
 had widespread

00:25:29.000 --> 00:25:29.879
 public approval.

00:25:31.299 --> 00:25:31.839
 And so lynching

00:25:31.839 --> 00:25:33.859
 starts to fade

00:25:33.859 --> 00:25:34.440
 in the background

00:25:34.440 --> 00:25:35.619
 in the 30s and 40s

00:25:35.619 --> 00:25:36.079
 though you still

00:25:36.079 --> 00:25:36.799
 have high profile

00:25:36.799 --> 00:25:37.659
 lynchings that continue

00:25:37.659 --> 00:25:38.639
 in the decades to come

00:25:38.639 --> 00:25:39.859
 including the lynching

00:25:39.859 --> 00:25:41.319
 of Emmett Till

00:25:41.319 --> 00:25:42.159
 which ended up

00:25:42.159 --> 00:25:42.819
 sparking

00:25:42.819 --> 00:25:44.579
 the civil rights movement

00:25:44.579 --> 00:25:45.680
 even though

00:25:45.680 --> 00:25:46.240
 recently

00:25:46.240 --> 00:25:47.240
 the woman

00:25:47.240 --> 00:25:48.000
 who accused

00:25:48.000 --> 00:25:50.259
 Emmett Till

00:25:50.259 --> 00:25:51.420
 of whistling

00:25:51.420 --> 00:25:51.820
 at her

00:25:51.820 --> 00:25:52.640
 and calling

00:25:52.640 --> 00:25:53.120
 her baby

00:25:53.120 --> 00:25:54.480
 within the last year

00:25:54.480 --> 00:25:55.600
 she said that she

00:25:55.600 --> 00:25:56.980
 lied about that.

00:25:59.660 --> 00:26:01.400
 So after lynching

00:26:01.400 --> 00:26:01.880
 fades

00:26:01.880 --> 00:26:04.220
 in the 30s and 40s

00:26:04.220 --> 00:26:05.700
 violence moves

00:26:05.700 --> 00:26:06.920
 into the urban centers

00:26:06.920 --> 00:26:08.080
 where African-Americans

00:26:08.080 --> 00:26:09.240
 who had fled lynching

00:26:09.240 --> 00:26:09.800
 in the south

00:26:09.800 --> 00:26:10.460
 gathered.

00:26:11.200 --> 00:26:11.960
 So one of the reasons

00:26:11.960 --> 00:26:14.060
 for the great migration

00:26:14.060 --> 00:26:15.380
 for 6 million African-Americans

00:26:15.380 --> 00:26:16.360
 moving out of the south

00:26:16.360 --> 00:26:17.240
 into the north

00:26:17.240 --> 00:26:18.200
 was not just

00:26:18.200 --> 00:26:20.360
 economic opportunity

00:26:20.359 --> 00:26:20.859
 in the north

00:26:20.859 --> 00:26:22.039
 but also fleeing lynching.

00:26:22.599 --> 00:26:23.279
 And so they flee

00:26:23.279 --> 00:26:24.939
 to these urban centers

00:26:24.939 --> 00:26:26.379
 and then you start

00:26:26.379 --> 00:26:27.439
 seeing cases

00:26:27.439 --> 00:26:28.959
 of people's houses

00:26:28.959 --> 00:26:29.779
 being bombed

00:26:29.779 --> 00:26:30.159
 and stuff

00:26:30.159 --> 00:26:30.899
 in these cities

00:26:30.899 --> 00:26:32.639
 because the violence

00:26:32.639 --> 00:26:33.740
 has just moved

00:26:33.740 --> 00:26:35.659
 the anti-black violence

00:26:35.659 --> 00:26:36.319
 has just moved

00:26:36.319 --> 00:26:36.799
 with them.

00:26:38.219 --> 00:26:39.459
 And so violence

00:26:39.459 --> 00:26:41.159
 moved into the prison system

00:26:41.159 --> 00:26:42.179
 in what some call

00:26:42.179 --> 00:26:43.019
 legal lynchings

00:26:43.019 --> 00:26:44.000
 from capital punishment.

00:26:44.819 --> 00:26:45.500
 Violence moved

00:26:45.500 --> 00:26:46.179
 into the system

00:26:46.179 --> 00:26:47.459
 of mass incarceration

00:26:47.459 --> 00:26:49.139
 and attendant police brutality

00:26:49.140 --> 00:26:49.900
 the effects of which

00:26:49.900 --> 00:26:50.800
 we live in today

00:26:50.800 --> 00:26:51.560
 when this country

00:26:51.560 --> 00:26:53.020
 has 5% of the world's population

00:26:53.020 --> 00:26:54.640
 and 25% of its prisoners.

00:26:55.000 --> 00:26:55.640
 In a fashion

00:26:55.640 --> 00:26:57.000
 that is truly demonic

00:26:57.000 --> 00:26:58.540
 racial violence

00:26:58.540 --> 00:26:59.340
 has proven to be

00:26:59.340 --> 00:27:00.480
 exceptionally resilient

00:27:00.480 --> 00:27:02.240
 addressed perhaps

00:27:02.240 --> 00:27:03.080
 in one form

00:27:03.080 --> 00:27:04.400
 but always ready

00:27:04.400 --> 00:27:05.360
 to reemerge

00:27:05.360 --> 00:27:06.220
 in another.

00:27:07.220 --> 00:27:07.820
 As Jamar Tisby

00:27:07.820 --> 00:27:08.100
 has said

00:27:08.100 --> 00:27:09.320
 in his recent book

00:27:09.320 --> 00:27:09.720
 racism

00:27:09.720 --> 00:27:11.340
 doesn't go away

00:27:11.340 --> 00:27:12.620
 it adapts.

00:27:15.200 --> 00:27:16.140
 Now I can't give you

00:27:16.140 --> 00:27:16.700
 all the answers

00:27:16.700 --> 00:27:17.380
 because I have to

00:27:17.380 --> 00:27:18.440
 leave you in a little suspense

00:27:18.440 --> 00:27:18.860
 for the book

00:27:18.860 --> 00:27:19.480
 that's going to come out

00:27:19.480 --> 00:27:19.900
 in a few years

00:27:19.900 --> 00:27:24.019
 but such a project

00:27:24.019 --> 00:27:25.559
 must be informed

00:27:25.559 --> 00:27:27.200
 by historical understanding

00:27:27.200 --> 00:27:28.220
 of past attempts

00:27:28.220 --> 00:27:29.720
 to battle lynching

00:27:29.720 --> 00:27:30.460
 and racial violence

00:27:30.460 --> 00:27:30.940
 in general.

00:27:31.240 --> 00:27:31.900
 We have to continue

00:27:31.900 --> 00:27:32.779
 to ask the question

00:27:32.779 --> 00:27:34.059
 why did Ida B. Wells

00:27:34.059 --> 00:27:35.120
 utter this chilling

00:27:35.120 --> 00:27:35.680
 declaration

00:27:35.680 --> 00:27:37.259
 that American Christians

00:27:37.259 --> 00:27:38.039
 are too busy

00:27:38.039 --> 00:27:39.019
 saving the souls

00:27:39.019 --> 00:27:39.720
 of white Christians

00:27:39.720 --> 00:27:41.000
 from burning in hellfire

00:27:41.000 --> 00:27:42.320
 to save the lives

00:27:42.320 --> 00:27:42.980
 of black ones

00:27:42.980 --> 00:27:43.940
 from present burning

00:27:43.940 --> 00:27:45.259
 in fires kindled

00:27:45.259 --> 00:27:46.100
 by white Christians.

00:27:46.099 --> 00:27:47.839
 We must ask

00:27:47.839 --> 00:27:48.459
 are we truly

00:27:48.459 --> 00:27:49.159
 working against

00:27:49.159 --> 00:27:49.879
 all suffering

00:27:49.879 --> 00:27:50.359
 especially

00:27:50.359 --> 00:27:51.319
 eternal suffering?

00:27:51.779 --> 00:27:52.699
 Are we saying

00:27:52.699 --> 00:27:53.199
 to our brothers

00:27:53.199 --> 00:27:53.719
 and sisters

00:27:53.719 --> 00:27:54.980
 go and be well fed

00:27:54.980 --> 00:27:55.980
 instead of actually

00:27:55.980 --> 00:27:56.859
 literally feeding them

00:27:56.859 --> 00:27:57.599
 when they need food?

00:27:59.019 --> 00:28:00.139
 So what does this mean

00:28:00.139 --> 00:28:00.779
 for the church

00:28:00.779 --> 00:28:01.639
 today?

00:28:02.619 --> 00:28:03.759
 We have to remember

00:28:03.759 --> 00:28:04.859
 that the world

00:28:04.859 --> 00:28:05.859
 that we live in today

00:28:05.859 --> 00:28:06.799
 the communities

00:28:06.799 --> 00:28:07.639
 that we live in

00:28:07.639 --> 00:28:08.219
 work in

00:28:08.219 --> 00:28:09.639
 buy or rent houses in

00:28:09.639 --> 00:28:11.639
 have been profoundly

00:28:11.639 --> 00:28:13.179
 shaped by American history.

00:28:13.180 --> 00:28:14.400
 segregation

00:28:14.400 --> 00:28:15.700
 and its cohabitant

00:28:15.700 --> 00:28:16.660
 racial violence

00:28:16.660 --> 00:28:17.539
 are not southern

00:28:17.539 --> 00:28:18.080
 phenomena.

00:28:18.980 --> 00:28:19.700
 In many cases

00:28:19.700 --> 00:28:20.200
 the segregation

00:28:20.200 --> 00:28:20.960
 in the north

00:28:20.960 --> 00:28:21.740
 was more entrenched

00:28:21.740 --> 00:28:22.420
 and more difficult

00:28:22.420 --> 00:28:23.120
 to extricate

00:28:23.120 --> 00:28:24.019
 than that of the south.

00:28:24.600 --> 00:28:25.279
 This can be seen

00:28:25.279 --> 00:28:25.860
 in the ministries

00:28:25.860 --> 00:28:27.360
 of Malcolm X

00:28:27.360 --> 00:28:28.039
 and Martin Luther King

00:28:28.039 --> 00:28:28.980
 often contrasted

00:28:28.980 --> 00:28:29.840
 with one another

00:28:29.840 --> 00:28:30.840
 because of their methods

00:28:30.840 --> 00:28:31.960
 but it's important

00:28:31.960 --> 00:28:32.400
 to remember

00:28:32.400 --> 00:28:33.420
 that Malcolm

00:28:33.420 --> 00:28:34.279
 almost exclusively

00:28:34.279 --> 00:28:35.700
 addressed particular issues

00:28:35.700 --> 00:28:36.799
 that the north faced

00:28:36.799 --> 00:28:37.779
 where Jim Crow

00:28:37.779 --> 00:28:38.660
 was not explicit

00:28:38.660 --> 00:28:39.240
 but rather was

00:28:39.240 --> 00:28:40.019
 subtly enforced

00:28:40.019 --> 00:28:41.759
 and when Martin Luther King

00:28:41.759 --> 00:28:43.100
 attempted to use

00:28:43.099 --> 00:28:43.859
 the same methods

00:28:43.859 --> 00:28:44.319
 that he used

00:28:44.319 --> 00:28:44.779
 in the south

00:28:44.779 --> 00:28:45.679
 in Chicago

00:28:45.679 --> 00:28:46.599
 in 1966

00:28:46.599 --> 00:28:47.959
 he found that

00:28:47.959 --> 00:28:48.339
 the issues

00:28:48.339 --> 00:28:48.799
 were actually

00:28:48.799 --> 00:28:49.779
 much more complex.

00:28:50.719 --> 00:28:51.619
 Economic exploitation

00:28:51.619 --> 00:28:52.500
 of black communities

00:28:52.500 --> 00:28:53.980
 took on a different face.

00:28:54.659 --> 00:28:55.459
 No longer was it

00:28:55.459 --> 00:28:56.439
 these legal forms

00:28:56.439 --> 00:28:56.939
 of segregation

00:28:56.939 --> 00:28:58.199
 but it looked at

00:28:58.199 --> 00:28:58.779
 it looked like

00:28:58.779 --> 00:29:00.099
 racial housing covenants

00:29:00.099 --> 00:29:00.500
 it looked like

00:29:00.500 --> 00:29:01.559
 corrupt landlords

00:29:01.559 --> 00:29:03.679
 racist hiring practices

00:29:03.679 --> 00:29:04.459
 and the like.

00:29:05.279 --> 00:29:05.939
 And as a matter of fact

00:29:05.939 --> 00:29:06.819
 when he demonstrated

00:29:06.819 --> 00:29:07.480
 in Chicago

00:29:07.480 --> 00:29:09.740
 in August 1966

00:29:09.740 --> 00:29:10.859
 marching through

00:29:10.859 --> 00:29:11.740
 an all white neighborhood

00:29:11.740 --> 00:29:13.059
 bottles and bricks

00:29:13.059 --> 00:29:13.460
 were thrown

00:29:13.460 --> 00:29:14.279
 at the demonstrators

00:29:14.279 --> 00:29:14.960
 and King himself

00:29:14.960 --> 00:29:16.059
 was struck by a rock

00:29:16.059 --> 00:29:17.059
 and afterwards

00:29:17.059 --> 00:29:17.680
 he said

00:29:17.680 --> 00:29:18.740
 I have seen

00:29:18.740 --> 00:29:19.759
 many demonstrations

00:29:19.759 --> 00:29:20.480
 in the south

00:29:20.480 --> 00:29:21.720
 but I have never

00:29:21.720 --> 00:29:22.519
 seen anything

00:29:22.519 --> 00:29:23.299
 so hostile

00:29:23.299 --> 00:29:24.160
 and so hateful

00:29:24.160 --> 00:29:24.700
 as I've seen

00:29:24.700 --> 00:29:25.339
 here today.

00:29:26.599 --> 00:29:27.759
 All this is to say

00:29:27.759 --> 00:29:28.059
 this

00:29:28.059 --> 00:29:30.279
 if we're serious

00:29:30.279 --> 00:29:30.700
 about

00:29:30.700 --> 00:29:31.440
 if we're serious

00:29:31.440 --> 00:29:31.940
 about seeking

00:29:31.940 --> 00:29:32.599
 racial justice

00:29:32.599 --> 00:29:33.240
 as an individual

00:29:33.240 --> 00:29:34.220
 and as a church

00:29:34.220 --> 00:29:35.180
 it's important

00:29:35.180 --> 00:29:36.099
 to know the history

00:29:36.099 --> 00:29:37.140
 of your local area.

00:29:37.940 --> 00:29:38.620
 Are there profound

00:29:38.620 --> 00:29:39.420
 racial disparities

00:29:39.420 --> 00:29:40.480
 in housing poverty

00:29:40.480 --> 00:29:41.539
 and school performance

00:29:41.539 --> 00:29:42.060
 for example?

00:29:42.640 --> 00:29:43.300
 Press into them

00:29:43.300 --> 00:29:44.440
 because chances are

00:29:44.440 --> 00:29:45.320
 you won't like

00:29:45.320 --> 00:29:45.900
 what you see

00:29:45.900 --> 00:29:47.380
 but this is the first step

00:29:47.380 --> 00:29:48.180
 to seeking to be

00:29:48.180 --> 00:29:49.120
 an agent of the gospel

00:29:49.120 --> 00:29:49.920
 and that's not

00:29:49.920 --> 00:29:50.600
 and that's not me

00:29:50.600 --> 00:29:51.640
 kind of making some

00:29:51.640 --> 00:29:53.080
 addition to the gospel.

00:29:53.240 --> 00:29:53.920
 Christ has given us

00:29:53.920 --> 00:29:54.560
 two commandments

00:29:54.560 --> 00:29:55.779
 and he's given us

00:29:55.779 --> 00:29:56.279
 his spirit

00:29:56.279 --> 00:29:57.019
 in order that we might

00:29:57.019 --> 00:29:57.539
 be obedient

00:29:57.539 --> 00:29:58.320
 to those commandments.

00:29:58.539 --> 00:29:59.620
 Love the Lord your God

00:29:59.620 --> 00:30:00.220
 with all your heart

00:30:00.220 --> 00:30:01.259
 soul strength and mind

00:30:01.259 --> 00:30:02.420
 and love your neighbor

00:30:02.420 --> 00:30:03.100
 as yourself.

00:30:03.960 --> 00:30:05.180
 And then in John 15

00:30:05.180 --> 00:30:07.019
 Jesus then extends

00:30:07.019 --> 00:30:07.960
 that second commandment

00:30:07.960 --> 00:30:09.140
 and says that

00:30:09.140 --> 00:30:09.779
 and says

00:30:09.779 --> 00:30:11.420
 and when he's talking

00:30:11.420 --> 00:30:12.380
 about loving our brothers

00:30:12.380 --> 00:30:13.259
 and sisters in Christ

00:30:13.259 --> 00:30:13.740
 when he says

00:30:13.740 --> 00:30:14.640
 to love one another

00:30:14.640 --> 00:30:16.220
 as I have loved you.

00:30:17.420 --> 00:30:18.200
 It's impossible

00:30:18.200 --> 00:30:18.799
 to love someone

00:30:18.799 --> 00:30:19.720
 if you do not know them.

00:30:20.259 --> 00:30:21.340
 If you do not laugh

00:30:21.340 --> 00:30:21.759
 with them.

00:30:22.140 --> 00:30:23.140
 If you do not mourn

00:30:23.140 --> 00:30:23.579
 with them.

00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:25.700
 If you watch

00:30:25.700 --> 00:30:26.559
 the Netflix series

00:30:26.559 --> 00:30:28.600
 When They See Us

00:30:28.600 --> 00:30:29.160
 you'll see

00:30:29.160 --> 00:30:31.140
 a horrific story

00:30:31.140 --> 00:30:32.100
 about the Central Park

00:30:32.100 --> 00:30:32.720
 Jogger case

00:30:32.720 --> 00:30:33.440
 in 1989

00:30:33.440 --> 00:30:35.360
 where five teenage

00:30:35.360 --> 00:30:36.319
 black and Latino boys

00:30:36.319 --> 00:30:37.559
 between 14 and 16

00:30:37.559 --> 00:30:38.259
 are arrested

00:30:38.259 --> 00:30:39.099
 and convicted

00:30:39.099 --> 00:30:39.639
 for rape

00:30:39.639 --> 00:30:40.720
 and sent to prison.

00:30:41.519 --> 00:30:42.139
 You will see

00:30:42.139 --> 00:30:43.039
 the interrogations

00:30:43.039 --> 00:30:44.019
 where their confessions

00:30:44.019 --> 00:30:44.960
 are forced.

00:30:45.679 --> 00:30:46.319
 You will see

00:30:46.319 --> 00:30:47.299
 the actual rapist

00:30:47.299 --> 00:30:48.539
 meet one of the boys

00:30:48.539 --> 00:30:49.259
 in jail

00:30:49.259 --> 00:30:50.740
 13 years later

00:30:50.740 --> 00:30:51.919
 and him actually

00:30:51.919 --> 00:30:53.319
 confessing to the crime

00:30:53.319 --> 00:30:54.379
 showing that

00:30:54.379 --> 00:30:54.879
 in this case

00:30:54.879 --> 00:30:56.220
 the actual rapist

00:30:56.220 --> 00:30:56.779
 in this case

00:30:56.779 --> 00:30:57.539
 ended up having

00:30:57.539 --> 00:30:58.200
 more mercy

00:30:58.200 --> 00:30:58.919
 on these boys

00:30:58.919 --> 00:30:59.799
 than the system

00:30:59.799 --> 00:31:00.240
 that claimed

00:31:00.240 --> 00:31:01.000
 to protect them

00:31:01.000 --> 00:31:01.879
 and society.

00:31:02.579 --> 00:31:03.460
 Do you wish

00:31:03.460 --> 00:31:03.899
 to train

00:31:03.899 --> 00:31:04.879
 your mourning muscles?

00:31:05.740 --> 00:31:06.500
 Know that this

00:31:06.500 --> 00:31:07.160
 is a reality

00:31:07.160 --> 00:31:08.059
 faced by many

00:31:08.059 --> 00:31:09.079
 especially black

00:31:09.079 --> 00:31:09.640
 and brown men

00:31:09.640 --> 00:31:10.259
 in this country.

00:31:11.240 --> 00:31:11.720
 Unfortunately

00:31:11.720 --> 00:31:12.819
 being convicted

00:31:12.819 --> 00:31:13.539
 of a crime

00:31:13.539 --> 00:31:14.819
 doesn't always mean

00:31:14.819 --> 00:31:15.500
 that one is guilty

00:31:15.500 --> 00:31:16.579
 and there is an

00:31:16.579 --> 00:31:17.400
 uncomfortable amount

00:31:17.400 --> 00:31:17.779
 of data

00:31:17.779 --> 00:31:20.460
 about the innocent

00:31:20.460 --> 00:31:21.259
 suffering.

00:31:22.460 --> 00:31:23.059
 And so practically

00:31:23.059 --> 00:31:23.859
 what does that mean?

00:31:24.859 --> 00:31:25.680
 Well one thing is

00:31:25.680 --> 00:31:26.839
 take jury duty

00:31:26.839 --> 00:31:27.380
 seriously.

00:31:28.859 --> 00:31:29.759
 Meet your neighbors

00:31:29.759 --> 00:31:30.880
 learn their pains

00:31:30.880 --> 00:31:31.799
 pray for them

00:31:31.799 --> 00:31:32.619
 in your workplace

00:31:32.619 --> 00:31:33.579
 don't let injustice

00:31:33.579 --> 00:31:34.400
 run rampant.

00:31:34.400 --> 00:31:35.180
 If you're afraid

00:31:35.180 --> 00:31:35.759
 for your job

00:31:35.759 --> 00:31:36.200
 remember

00:31:36.200 --> 00:31:37.900
 the Lord is on your side

00:31:37.900 --> 00:31:38.759
 in Christ's

00:31:38.759 --> 00:31:39.540
 sermon on the plain

00:31:39.540 --> 00:31:40.540
 he speaks beatitudes

00:31:40.540 --> 00:31:41.780
 similar to Matthew 5

00:31:41.780 --> 00:31:42.740
 but not exactly the same.

00:31:43.380 --> 00:31:44.400
 And Luke he encourages us

00:31:44.400 --> 00:31:45.320
 blessed are you

00:31:45.320 --> 00:31:46.300
 when people hate you

00:31:46.300 --> 00:31:47.660
 and when they exclude you

00:31:47.660 --> 00:31:48.540
 and revile you

00:31:48.540 --> 00:31:49.680
 and spurn your name as evil

00:31:49.680 --> 00:31:51.400
 on account of the son of man.

00:31:51.820 --> 00:31:52.960
 Rejoice in that day

00:31:52.960 --> 00:31:54.120
 and leap for joy

00:31:54.120 --> 00:31:54.880
 for behold

00:31:54.880 --> 00:31:56.460
 your reward is great in heaven

00:31:56.460 --> 00:31:57.800
 for so their fathers

00:31:57.800 --> 00:31:58.880
 did to the prophets.

00:31:59.820 --> 00:32:00.820
 I submit to you

00:32:00.820 --> 00:32:01.780
 that fighting

00:32:01.780 --> 00:32:02.800
 for the good of your neighbor

00:32:02.800 --> 00:32:03.820
 fighting for the benefit

00:32:03.819 --> 00:32:04.359
 of your neighbor

00:32:04.359 --> 00:32:05.500
 fighting for the life

00:32:05.500 --> 00:32:06.200
 of your neighbor

00:32:06.200 --> 00:32:07.339
 is an action

00:32:07.339 --> 00:32:08.359
 that God has promised

00:32:08.359 --> 00:32:09.079
 to vindicate.

00:32:10.279 --> 00:32:11.179
 And so how does

00:32:11.179 --> 00:32:12.179
 the gospel of Jesus Christ

00:32:12.179 --> 00:32:13.399
 teach us to respond

00:32:13.399 --> 00:32:14.779
 to the persistent evils

00:32:14.779 --> 00:32:15.339
 of racism

00:32:15.339 --> 00:32:16.119
 injustice

00:32:16.119 --> 00:32:17.220
 and violence?

00:32:17.439 --> 00:32:17.919
 I want to

00:32:17.919 --> 00:32:19.179
 take the tack

00:32:19.179 --> 00:32:20.879
 that Paul normally does

00:32:20.879 --> 00:32:23.220
 in his letters

00:32:23.220 --> 00:32:24.339
 in moving from

00:32:24.339 --> 00:32:24.899
 the indicative

00:32:24.899 --> 00:32:26.220
 to the imperative.

00:32:28.399 --> 00:32:29.000
 If

00:32:29.000 --> 00:32:30.720
 if we have been

00:32:30.720 --> 00:32:31.619
 if we have been

00:32:31.619 --> 00:32:32.199
 set free

00:32:32.199 --> 00:32:33.619
 by Christ

00:32:33.619 --> 00:32:34.479
 by Christ

00:32:34.479 --> 00:32:35.119
 if we have been

00:32:35.119 --> 00:32:35.459
 set free

00:32:35.459 --> 00:32:36.019
 by Christ

00:32:36.019 --> 00:32:38.000
 that enables us

00:32:38.000 --> 00:32:39.479
 to love

00:32:39.479 --> 00:32:40.119
 and forgive

00:32:40.119 --> 00:32:40.619
 our neighbor

00:32:40.619 --> 00:32:41.559
 in ways that

00:32:41.559 --> 00:32:42.359
 no one else

00:32:42.359 --> 00:32:43.059
 is able to do.

00:32:44.799 --> 00:32:45.199
 And so

00:32:45.199 --> 00:32:47.199
 this then

00:32:47.199 --> 00:32:48.179
 has to guide

00:32:48.179 --> 00:32:48.939
 I think

00:32:48.939 --> 00:32:49.839
 our interpretation

00:32:49.839 --> 00:32:51.679
 of Romans 13

00:32:51.679 --> 00:32:52.979
 which is often

00:32:52.979 --> 00:32:53.639
 used

00:32:53.639 --> 00:32:54.919
 as a

00:32:54.919 --> 00:32:56.239
 text

00:32:56.239 --> 00:32:56.859
 to support

00:32:56.859 --> 00:32:57.879
 political quietism

00:32:57.879 --> 00:32:59.359
 that everyone

00:32:59.359 --> 00:32:59.799
 be subject

00:32:59.799 --> 00:33:00.200
 to the ruling

00:33:00.200 --> 00:33:00.619
 authorities

00:33:00.619 --> 00:33:01.240
 and things like that.

00:33:02.220 --> 00:33:03.139
 We have to recognize

00:33:03.139 --> 00:33:04.339
 that if we live

00:33:04.339 --> 00:33:05.980
 in a federal

00:33:05.980 --> 00:33:06.379
 republic

00:33:06.379 --> 00:33:06.940
 as we do

00:33:06.940 --> 00:33:09.039
 we actually

00:33:09.039 --> 00:33:09.819
 make up

00:33:09.819 --> 00:33:11.139
 part of that

00:33:11.139 --> 00:33:11.919
 governing authority

00:33:11.919 --> 00:33:12.339
 body

00:33:12.339 --> 00:33:13.319
 which means

00:33:13.319 --> 00:33:13.680
 that our

00:33:13.680 --> 00:33:14.319
 responsibility

00:33:14.319 --> 00:33:14.919
 then

00:33:14.919 --> 00:33:16.220
 is to use

00:33:16.220 --> 00:33:16.799
 that power

00:33:16.799 --> 00:33:17.240
 well.

00:33:19.139 --> 00:33:19.980
 And so then

00:33:19.980 --> 00:33:21.419
 this is a call

00:33:21.419 --> 00:33:22.879
 to think through

00:33:22.879 --> 00:33:24.220
 what just

00:33:24.220 --> 00:33:25.019
 political action

00:33:25.019 --> 00:33:25.579
 looks like.

00:33:26.539 --> 00:33:27.139
 And this is

00:33:27.139 --> 00:33:27.579
 something that we

00:33:27.579 --> 00:33:28.139
 constantly need

00:33:28.140 --> 00:33:28.640
 guidance for

00:33:28.640 --> 00:33:29.380
 because it

00:33:29.380 --> 00:33:30.220
 requires an

00:33:30.220 --> 00:33:30.520
 understanding

00:33:30.520 --> 00:33:30.980
 of history

00:33:30.980 --> 00:33:32.220
 it requires

00:33:32.220 --> 00:33:32.800
 an understanding

00:33:32.800 --> 00:33:33.160
 of these

00:33:33.160 --> 00:33:34.340
 local issues

00:33:34.340 --> 00:33:36.160
 but that's

00:33:36.160 --> 00:33:36.540
 not

00:33:36.540 --> 00:33:37.120
 but it's

00:33:37.120 --> 00:33:38.080
 not an option

00:33:38.080 --> 00:33:39.080
 because we

00:33:39.080 --> 00:33:39.560
 have this

00:33:39.560 --> 00:33:39.860
 power

00:33:39.860 --> 00:33:41.000
 and it

00:33:41.000 --> 00:33:41.500
 will either

00:33:41.500 --> 00:33:43.380
 lie unused

00:33:43.380 --> 00:33:45.240
 in the sense

00:33:45.240 --> 00:33:45.860
 of burying

00:33:45.860 --> 00:33:46.360
 a talent

00:33:46.360 --> 00:33:48.200
 or

00:33:48.200 --> 00:33:49.180
 it can be

00:33:49.180 --> 00:33:49.820
 used for the

00:33:49.820 --> 00:33:50.460
 actual benefit

00:33:50.460 --> 00:33:50.759
 of our

00:33:50.759 --> 00:33:51.220
 brothers and

00:33:51.220 --> 00:33:51.680
 sisters and

00:33:51.680 --> 00:33:51.980
 neighbors.

00:33:53.680 --> 00:33:54.380
 But the

00:33:54.380 --> 00:33:54.940
 second thing

00:33:54.940 --> 00:33:56.280
 and I'm

00:33:56.280 --> 00:33:56.880
 very glad

00:33:56.880 --> 00:33:57.400
 that John

00:33:57.400 --> 00:33:57.700
 Owen's

00:33:57.700 --> 00:33:58.140
 mortification

00:33:58.140 --> 00:33:58.500
 of sin

00:33:58.500 --> 00:33:58.780
 is on

00:33:58.780 --> 00:33:59.300
 the bookshelf

00:33:59.300 --> 00:34:00.180
 because it's

00:34:00.180 --> 00:34:00.460
 one of my

00:34:00.460 --> 00:34:01.680
 favorite books

00:34:01.680 --> 00:34:02.780
 on sanctification

00:34:02.780 --> 00:34:04.500
 but one of

00:34:04.500 --> 00:34:04.740
 the things

00:34:04.740 --> 00:34:04.980
 that he

00:34:04.980 --> 00:34:05.700
 emphasizes in

00:34:05.700 --> 00:34:06.100
 that book

00:34:06.100 --> 00:34:06.900
 is the need

00:34:06.900 --> 00:34:08.119
 to put

00:34:08.119 --> 00:34:08.519
 sin to

00:34:08.519 --> 00:34:08.840
 death

00:34:08.840 --> 00:34:10.000
 but the

00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:10.539
 only way

00:34:10.539 --> 00:34:10.900
 that we

00:34:10.900 --> 00:34:12.500
 actually

00:34:12.500 --> 00:34:13.220
 engage

00:34:13.220 --> 00:34:14.180
 in this

00:34:14.180 --> 00:34:14.500
 activity

00:34:14.500 --> 00:34:14.920
 daily

00:34:14.920 --> 00:34:15.320
 is to

00:34:15.320 --> 00:34:15.860
 recognize

00:34:15.860 --> 00:34:17.780
 that sin

00:34:17.780 --> 00:34:18.200
 is killing

00:34:18.200 --> 00:34:18.579
 us

00:34:18.579 --> 00:34:19.920
 and one

00:34:19.920 --> 00:34:20.140
 of the

00:34:20.140 --> 00:34:20.420
 phrases

00:34:20.420 --> 00:34:22.200
 from that

00:34:22.200 --> 00:34:22.619
 book is

00:34:22.619 --> 00:34:24.019
 be about

00:34:24.019 --> 00:34:24.700
 killing sin

00:34:24.700 --> 00:34:25.260
 or sin

00:34:25.260 --> 00:34:25.519
 will be

00:34:25.519 --> 00:34:25.740
 about

00:34:25.740 --> 00:34:26.000
 killing

00:34:26.000 --> 00:34:26.320
 you.

00:34:29.179 --> 00:34:29.480
 Racist

00:34:29.480 --> 00:34:29.960
 ideology

00:34:29.960 --> 00:34:30.559
 functions

00:34:30.559 --> 00:34:31.199
 in a

00:34:31.199 --> 00:34:31.400
 very

00:34:31.400 --> 00:34:31.719
 it's

00:34:31.719 --> 00:34:32.159
 it's

00:34:32.159 --> 00:34:32.619
 it's

00:34:32.619 --> 00:34:33.119
 it's

00:34:33.119 --> 00:34:33.480
 it's

00:34:33.480 --> 00:34:34.059
 in this

00:34:34.059 --> 00:34:34.719
 it's

00:34:34.719 --> 00:34:35.179
 it's

00:34:35.179 --> 00:34:36.239
 it's

00:34:36.239 --> 00:34:36.880
 it functions

00:34:36.880 --> 00:34:37.159
 the way

00:34:37.159 --> 00:34:37.519
 that sin

00:34:37.519 --> 00:34:37.860
 does

00:34:37.860 --> 00:34:38.239
 because

00:34:38.239 --> 00:34:38.840
 what

00:34:38.840 --> 00:34:39.440
 what racist

00:34:39.440 --> 00:34:39.900
 ideology

00:34:39.900 --> 00:34:40.320
 is a

00:34:40.320 --> 00:34:40.679
 mixture

00:34:40.679 --> 00:34:41.300
 of pride

00:34:41.300 --> 00:34:41.780
 and greed

00:34:41.780 --> 00:34:42.079
 in this

00:34:42.079 --> 00:34:42.440
 kind of

00:34:42.440 --> 00:34:43.099
 toxic

00:34:43.099 --> 00:34:43.500
 soup

00:34:43.500 --> 00:34:44.900
 and so

00:34:44.900 --> 00:34:45.420
 if this

00:34:45.420 --> 00:34:45.800
 is something

00:34:45.800 --> 00:34:46.159
 that we're

00:34:46.159 --> 00:34:46.659
 seeking to

00:34:46.659 --> 00:34:46.860
 fight

00:34:46.860 --> 00:34:47.199
 like I said

00:34:47.199 --> 00:34:48.000
 as individuals

00:34:48.000 --> 00:34:48.800
 and as a

00:34:48.800 --> 00:34:49.139
 church

00:34:49.139 --> 00:34:50.880
 it has to

00:34:50.880 --> 00:34:51.199
 be something

00:34:51.199 --> 00:34:51.679
 that needs

00:34:51.679 --> 00:34:52.579
 it has to

00:34:52.579 --> 00:34:52.800
 be something

00:34:52.800 --> 00:34:53.099
 that we

00:34:53.099 --> 00:34:53.500
 recognize

00:34:53.500 --> 00:34:53.880
 needs to

00:34:53.880 --> 00:34:54.139
 be put

00:34:54.139 --> 00:34:54.579
 to death

00:34:54.579 --> 00:34:55.519
 not played

00:34:55.519 --> 00:34:56.259
 around with

00:34:56.259 --> 00:34:57.699
 not treated

00:34:57.699 --> 00:34:58.299
 as though

00:34:58.299 --> 00:34:58.960
 not

00:34:58.960 --> 00:34:59.599
 not not

00:34:59.599 --> 00:35:00.239
 not treated

00:35:00.239 --> 00:35:00.559
 as though

00:35:00.559 --> 00:35:00.980
 it's a light

00:35:00.980 --> 00:35:01.299
 issue

00:35:01.299 --> 00:35:02.860
 because people

00:35:02.860 --> 00:35:04.019
 people have

00:35:04.019 --> 00:35:04.679
 died and people

00:35:04.679 --> 00:35:05.699
 continue to die

00:35:05.699 --> 00:35:06.920
 as a result of

00:35:06.920 --> 00:35:07.519
 the belief that

00:35:07.519 --> 00:35:08.139
 certain groups of

00:35:08.139 --> 00:35:08.779
 people are

00:35:08.779 --> 00:35:09.440
 inferior to

00:35:09.440 --> 00:35:10.119
 others whether

00:35:10.119 --> 00:35:10.719
 morally

00:35:10.719 --> 00:35:11.400
 intellectually

00:35:11.400 --> 00:35:12.139
 physically

00:35:12.139 --> 00:35:13.119
 spiritually or

00:35:13.119 --> 00:35:13.599
 any other

00:35:13.599 --> 00:35:14.900
 or or or or

00:35:14.900 --> 00:35:15.860
 or any other

00:35:15.860 --> 00:35:16.539
 category like

00:35:16.539 --> 00:35:16.840
 that

00:35:16.840 --> 00:35:19.160
 and so

00:35:19.160 --> 00:35:20.000
 while while

00:35:20.000 --> 00:35:20.960
 fewer fires

00:35:20.960 --> 00:35:21.340
 may be

00:35:21.340 --> 00:35:21.920
 kindled in

00:35:21.920 --> 00:35:22.280
 today's

00:35:22.280 --> 00:35:22.720
 America

00:35:22.720 --> 00:35:24.120
 the same

00:35:24.120 --> 00:35:24.539
 work is

00:35:24.539 --> 00:35:24.860
 done

00:35:24.860 --> 00:35:25.220
 whenever

00:35:25.220 --> 00:35:25.780
 full human

00:35:25.780 --> 00:35:26.120
 dignity

00:35:26.120 --> 00:35:26.920
 is denied

00:35:26.920 --> 00:35:27.660
 to anyone

00:35:27.660 --> 00:35:28.720
 and so

00:35:28.720 --> 00:35:29.440
 memory of

00:35:29.440 --> 00:35:30.019
 these events

00:35:30.019 --> 00:35:30.360
 and the

00:35:30.360 --> 00:35:30.579
 current

00:35:30.579 --> 00:35:31.100
 application

00:35:31.100 --> 00:35:31.480
 of that

00:35:31.480 --> 00:35:31.900
 knowledge

00:35:31.900 --> 00:35:32.500
 personally

00:35:32.500 --> 00:35:33.920
 in teaching

00:35:33.920 --> 00:35:34.640
 and preaching

00:35:34.640 --> 00:35:35.300
 and loving

00:35:35.300 --> 00:35:36.059
 our communities

00:35:36.059 --> 00:35:37.400
 has to be

00:35:37.400 --> 00:35:38.400
 informed especially

00:35:38.400 --> 00:35:39.700
 by the range

00:35:39.700 --> 00:35:40.059
 of African

00:35:40.059 --> 00:35:40.740
 American thought

00:35:40.740 --> 00:35:41.059
 on these

00:35:41.059 --> 00:35:41.500
 topics

00:35:41.500 --> 00:35:42.500
 because if

00:35:42.500 --> 00:35:42.940
 not

00:35:42.940 --> 00:35:44.120
 we may be

00:35:44.120 --> 00:35:44.780
 doomed to

00:35:44.780 --> 00:35:45.360
 repeat in

00:35:45.360 --> 00:35:45.960
 insidious

00:35:45.960 --> 00:35:47.240
 ways the

00:35:47.240 --> 00:35:47.740
 evils of

00:35:47.740 --> 00:35:48.460
 our past

00:35:48.460 --> 00:35:56.480
 are there

00:35:56.480 --> 00:35:57.019
 any questions

00:35:57.019 --> 00:36:02.460
 I want to

00:36:02.460 --> 00:36:02.720
 leave some

00:36:02.720 --> 00:36:03.139
 time

00:36:03.139 --> 00:36:04.400
 because this

00:36:04.400 --> 00:36:05.420
 this is not

00:36:05.420 --> 00:36:07.840
 how many

00:36:07.840 --> 00:36:08.079
 of you

00:36:08.079 --> 00:36:09.320
 how many

00:36:09.320 --> 00:36:09.480
 of you

00:36:09.480 --> 00:36:09.760
 haven't

00:36:09.760 --> 00:36:09.940
 have

00:36:09.940 --> 00:36:10.579
 encountered

00:36:10.579 --> 00:36:11.639
 lynching

00:36:11.639 --> 00:36:12.019
 history

00:36:12.019 --> 00:36:12.519
 before

00:36:12.519 --> 00:36:14.760
 lynching

00:36:14.760 --> 00:36:15.240
 history

00:36:15.240 --> 00:36:15.519
 yeah

00:36:15.519 --> 00:36:15.980
 so just

00:36:15.980 --> 00:36:17.019
 reading

00:36:17.019 --> 00:36:17.639
 about it

00:36:17.639 --> 00:36:18.860
 hearing

00:36:18.860 --> 00:36:19.280
 about it

00:36:19.280 --> 00:36:20.259
 since the

00:36:20.259 --> 00:36:20.800
 60s

00:36:20.800 --> 00:36:21.079
 yeah

00:36:21.079 --> 00:36:23.739
 it's

00:36:23.739 --> 00:36:24.320
 it's

00:36:24.320 --> 00:36:25.079
 it's a

00:36:25.079 --> 00:36:26.559
 so like

00:36:26.559 --> 00:36:28.139
 the scholarship

00:36:28.139 --> 00:36:28.719
 on it

00:36:28.719 --> 00:36:29.259
 has been

00:36:29.259 --> 00:36:31.659
 is like

00:36:31.659 --> 00:36:32.119
 the last

00:36:32.119 --> 00:36:33.239
 40 years

00:36:33.239 --> 00:36:34.360
 a fair amount

00:36:34.360 --> 00:36:34.780
 has happened

00:36:34.780 --> 00:36:35.780
 but there's

00:36:35.780 --> 00:36:36.460
 but no one

00:36:36.460 --> 00:36:37.039
 has done

00:36:37.039 --> 00:36:38.420
 so what

00:36:38.420 --> 00:36:38.920
 so what

00:36:38.920 --> 00:36:39.440
 so what my

00:36:39.440 --> 00:36:40.219
 dissertation focuses

00:36:40.219 --> 00:36:40.759
 on is

00:36:40.759 --> 00:36:41.300
 specifically

00:36:41.300 --> 00:36:42.139
 black protestant

00:36:42.139 --> 00:36:42.800
 responses

00:36:42.800 --> 00:36:43.639
 to lynching

00:36:43.639 --> 00:36:44.400
 how do you

00:36:44.400 --> 00:36:44.940
 how do you

00:36:44.940 --> 00:36:45.579
 encourage your

00:36:45.579 --> 00:36:46.139
 congregation

00:36:46.139 --> 00:36:47.039
 in the midst

00:36:47.039 --> 00:36:47.319
 of a

00:36:47.319 --> 00:36:48.980
 society that

00:36:48.980 --> 00:36:49.420
 seems to be

00:36:49.420 --> 00:36:49.920
 poised for

00:36:49.920 --> 00:36:50.299
 their death

00:36:50.299 --> 00:36:50.980
 at all points

00:36:50.980 --> 00:36:52.579
 and so what

00:36:52.579 --> 00:36:52.960
 the dissertation

00:36:52.960 --> 00:36:53.639
 is doing is

00:36:53.639 --> 00:36:54.980
 it maps the

00:36:54.980 --> 00:36:56.400
 range ranging

00:36:56.400 --> 00:36:57.599
 from pray about

00:36:57.599 --> 00:36:58.579
 it and it'll

00:36:58.579 --> 00:36:59.159
 go away

00:36:59.159 --> 00:37:00.159
 to self

00:37:00.159 --> 00:37:00.719
 defense and

00:37:00.719 --> 00:37:01.339
 there are a

00:37:01.339 --> 00:37:01.699
 bunch of

00:37:01.699 --> 00:37:02.359
 spots in

00:37:02.359 --> 00:37:02.699
 between

00:37:02.699 --> 00:37:06.799
 but the main

00:37:06.799 --> 00:37:07.400
 purpose of that

00:37:07.400 --> 00:37:09.059
 is to remind

00:37:09.059 --> 00:37:09.820
 people that

00:37:09.820 --> 00:37:12.239
 this practice

00:37:12.239 --> 00:37:12.679
 doesn't

00:37:12.679 --> 00:37:13.699
 doesn't continue

00:37:13.699 --> 00:37:14.779
 because no one

00:37:14.779 --> 00:37:15.059
 is saying

00:37:15.059 --> 00:37:15.639
 anything about

00:37:15.639 --> 00:37:15.840
 it

00:37:15.840 --> 00:37:16.400
 it continues

00:37:16.400 --> 00:37:16.920
 because no

00:37:16.920 --> 00:37:17.400
 one is listening

00:37:17.400 --> 00:37:17.820
 to the people

00:37:17.820 --> 00:37:18.500
 who are actually

00:37:18.500 --> 00:37:19.039
 saying things

00:37:19.039 --> 00:37:19.500
 about it

00:37:19.500 --> 00:37:23.519
 any and all

00:37:23.519 --> 00:37:24.079
 questions

00:37:24.079 --> 00:37:25.199
 how old was

00:37:25.199 --> 00:37:25.900
 Wells when

00:37:25.900 --> 00:37:26.699
 in 89

00:37:26.699 --> 00:37:28.380
 how old

00:37:28.380 --> 00:37:28.679
 was she

00:37:28.679 --> 00:37:30.059
 in her

00:37:30.059 --> 00:37:30.739
 late

00:37:30.739 --> 00:37:31.940
 20s

00:37:31.940 --> 00:37:33.239
 yes she

00:37:33.239 --> 00:37:33.900
 was born

00:37:33.900 --> 00:37:35.159
 in 61

00:37:35.159 --> 00:37:36.679
 I believe

00:37:36.679 --> 00:37:37.480
 so about

00:37:37.480 --> 00:37:38.759
 to turn

00:37:38.760 --> 00:37:39.220
 30

00:37:39.220 --> 00:37:40.200
 her most

00:37:40.200 --> 00:37:40.680
 famous

00:37:40.680 --> 00:37:41.920
 her most

00:37:41.920 --> 00:37:42.180
 famous

00:37:42.180 --> 00:37:42.900
 editorials

00:37:42.900 --> 00:37:43.940
 come out

00:37:43.940 --> 00:37:44.240
 in

00:37:44.240 --> 00:37:45.200
 well in

00:37:45.200 --> 00:37:46.340
 92 is

00:37:46.340 --> 00:37:47.020
 when

00:37:47.020 --> 00:37:48.500
 Southern

00:37:48.500 --> 00:37:48.920
 Horrors

00:37:48.920 --> 00:37:49.520
 comes out

00:37:49.520 --> 00:37:50.420
 she has

00:37:50.420 --> 00:37:51.120
 two

00:37:51.120 --> 00:37:52.360
 kind of

00:37:52.360 --> 00:37:52.860
 most famous

00:37:52.860 --> 00:37:53.440
 editorials

00:37:53.440 --> 00:37:54.780
 Southern

00:37:54.780 --> 00:37:55.660
 Horrors

00:37:55.660 --> 00:37:56.120
 Lynchelon

00:37:56.120 --> 00:37:56.740
 in all

00:37:56.740 --> 00:37:57.160
 its phases

00:37:57.160 --> 00:37:57.980
 and

00:37:57.980 --> 00:37:58.420
 a red

00:37:58.420 --> 00:37:58.760
 record

00:37:58.760 --> 00:38:00.280
 I

00:38:00.280 --> 00:38:02.640
 eagerly

00:38:02.640 --> 00:38:04.120
 recommend

00:38:04.120 --> 00:38:05.600
 those texts

00:38:05.600 --> 00:38:05.980
 for an

00:38:05.980 --> 00:38:06.360
 introduction

00:38:06.360 --> 00:38:07.000
 to this

00:38:07.000 --> 00:38:07.800
 history

00:38:07.800 --> 00:38:09.000
 she's

00:38:09.000 --> 00:38:09.180
 brilliant

00:38:09.180 --> 00:38:11.920
 she's

00:38:11.920 --> 00:38:12.140
 as a

00:38:12.140 --> 00:38:12.320
 child

00:38:12.320 --> 00:38:12.700
 but

00:38:12.700 --> 00:38:13.500
 soon

00:38:13.500 --> 00:38:13.760
 after

00:38:13.760 --> 00:38:13.940
 her

00:38:13.940 --> 00:38:14.140
 parents

00:38:14.140 --> 00:38:14.260
 are

00:38:14.260 --> 00:38:16.060
 free

00:38:16.060 --> 00:38:16.260
 because

00:38:16.260 --> 00:38:16.420
 she was

00:38:16.420 --> 00:38:16.580
 born

00:38:16.580 --> 00:38:16.820
 during

00:38:16.820 --> 00:38:17.320
 the

00:38:17.320 --> 00:38:17.500
 Civil

00:38:17.500 --> 00:38:17.760
 War

00:38:17.760 --> 00:38:21.780
 yes

00:38:21.780 --> 00:38:23.120
 didn't

00:38:23.120 --> 00:38:23.400
 a lot

00:38:23.400 --> 00:38:23.519
 of

00:38:23.519 --> 00:38:24.019
 Christians

00:38:24.019 --> 00:38:24.960
 use

00:38:24.960 --> 00:38:25.380
 that

00:38:25.380 --> 00:38:26.380
 I don't

00:38:26.380 --> 00:38:26.500
 know

00:38:26.500 --> 00:38:27.100
 the exact

00:38:27.100 --> 00:38:27.700
 scripture

00:38:27.700 --> 00:38:28.100
 but I

00:38:28.100 --> 00:38:28.240
 know

00:38:28.240 --> 00:38:28.360
 it's

00:38:28.360 --> 00:38:28.500
 the

00:38:28.500 --> 00:38:28.900
 Genesis

00:38:28.900 --> 00:38:29.420
 like

00:38:29.420 --> 00:38:30.680
 Noah

00:38:30.680 --> 00:38:30.960
 the

00:38:30.960 --> 00:38:31.120
 son

00:38:31.120 --> 00:38:31.300
 of

00:38:31.300 --> 00:38:31.640
 Sham

00:38:31.640 --> 00:38:33.400
 he was

00:38:33.400 --> 00:38:34.560
 black

00:38:34.560 --> 00:38:34.940
 or dark

00:38:34.940 --> 00:38:36.860
 so

00:38:36.860 --> 00:38:36.900
 so

00:38:36.900 --> 00:38:37.420
 the

00:38:37.420 --> 00:38:37.659
 curse

00:38:37.659 --> 00:38:37.780
 of

00:38:37.780 --> 00:38:38.039
 Ham

00:38:38.039 --> 00:38:39.360
 was

00:38:39.360 --> 00:38:39.780
 common

00:38:39.780 --> 00:38:40.320
 not

00:38:40.320 --> 00:38:40.539
 just

00:38:40.539 --> 00:38:40.760
 in

00:38:40.760 --> 00:38:41.599
 white

00:38:41.599 --> 00:38:41.860
 churches

00:38:41.860 --> 00:38:42.320
 but also

00:38:42.320 --> 00:38:42.619
 in

00:38:42.619 --> 00:38:43.280
 black

00:38:43.280 --> 00:38:43.679
 churches

00:38:43.679 --> 00:38:45.159
 African

00:38:45.159 --> 00:38:45.400
 American

00:38:45.400 --> 00:38:45.659
 Christians

00:38:45.659 --> 00:38:45.960
 would

00:38:45.960 --> 00:38:46.880
 refer to

00:38:46.880 --> 00:38:47.280
 themselves

00:38:47.280 --> 00:38:47.780
 as

00:38:47.780 --> 00:38:48.519
 sons

00:38:48.519 --> 00:38:48.679
 of

00:38:48.679 --> 00:38:48.900
 Ham

00:38:48.900 --> 00:38:49.599
 but

00:38:49.599 --> 00:38:51.039
 they

00:38:51.039 --> 00:38:51.280
 would

00:38:51.280 --> 00:38:51.500
 do

00:38:51.500 --> 00:38:52.019
 so

00:38:52.019 --> 00:38:54.139
 this

00:38:54.139 --> 00:38:54.920
 is

00:38:54.920 --> 00:38:55.079
 its

00:38:55.079 --> 00:38:55.320
 own

00:38:55.320 --> 00:38:56.900
 conversation

00:38:56.900 --> 00:38:57.099
 of

00:38:57.099 --> 00:38:58.619
 how

00:38:58.619 --> 00:38:59.420
 first

00:38:59.420 --> 00:38:59.519
 of

00:38:59.519 --> 00:38:59.700
 how

00:38:59.700 --> 00:38:59.960
 the

00:38:59.960 --> 00:39:00.139
 curse

00:39:00.139 --> 00:39:00.280
 of

00:39:00.280 --> 00:39:00.559
 Ham

00:39:00.559 --> 00:39:01.539
 gets

00:39:01.539 --> 00:39:01.779
 to be

00:39:01.779 --> 00:39:02.179
 interpreted

00:39:02.179 --> 00:39:02.679
 as a

00:39:02.679 --> 00:39:02.940
 curse

00:39:02.940 --> 00:39:03.440
 on

00:39:03.440 --> 00:39:03.699
 Ham

00:39:03.699 --> 00:39:03.860
 when

00:39:03.860 --> 00:39:04.000
 the

00:39:04.000 --> 00:39:04.219
 text

00:39:04.219 --> 00:39:04.380
 is

00:39:04.380 --> 00:39:04.480
 a

00:39:04.480 --> 00:39:04.659
 curse

00:39:04.659 --> 00:39:04.940
 on

00:39:04.940 --> 00:39:05.460
 Canaan

00:39:05.460 --> 00:39:07.380
 the

00:39:07.380 --> 00:39:07.659
 curse

00:39:07.659 --> 00:39:07.820
 of

00:39:07.820 --> 00:39:08.019
 Ham

00:39:08.019 --> 00:39:08.219
 is

00:39:08.219 --> 00:39:09.679
 used

00:39:09.679 --> 00:39:10.860
 as a

00:39:10.860 --> 00:39:11.199
 narrative

00:39:11.199 --> 00:39:11.460
 to

00:39:11.460 --> 00:39:11.940
 justify

00:39:11.940 --> 00:39:12.380
 African

00:39:12.380 --> 00:39:12.840
 slavery

00:39:12.840 --> 00:39:13.440
 that's

00:39:13.440 --> 00:39:14.139
 essentially

00:39:14.139 --> 00:39:15.500
 what it's

00:39:15.500 --> 00:39:15.759
 used

00:39:15.759 --> 00:39:16.099
 as

00:39:16.099 --> 00:39:16.519
 there's

00:39:16.519 --> 00:39:16.759
 nothing

00:39:16.759 --> 00:39:17.019
 in the

00:39:17.019 --> 00:39:17.199
 text

00:39:17.199 --> 00:39:17.380
 to

00:39:17.380 --> 00:39:17.699
 suggest

00:39:17.699 --> 00:39:18.019
 that

00:39:18.019 --> 00:39:18.599
 but

00:39:18.599 --> 00:39:20.000
 it's

00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:20.259
 used

00:39:20.259 --> 00:39:21.099
 that

00:39:21.099 --> 00:39:21.460
 way

00:39:21.460 --> 00:39:22.239
 actually

00:39:22.239 --> 00:39:22.619
 even

00:39:22.619 --> 00:39:23.420
 beginning

00:39:23.420 --> 00:39:23.759
 in the

00:39:23.759 --> 00:39:24.159
 16th

00:39:24.159 --> 00:39:24.500
 century

00:39:24.500 --> 00:39:24.840
 my

00:39:24.840 --> 00:39:26.860
 professor

00:39:26.860 --> 00:39:27.599
 who was

00:39:27.599 --> 00:39:28.480
 my

00:39:28.480 --> 00:39:28.799
 advisor

00:39:28.799 --> 00:39:29.159
 for a

00:39:29.159 --> 00:39:29.259
 little

00:39:29.259 --> 00:39:29.619
 while

00:39:29.619 --> 00:39:30.139
 when I

00:39:30.139 --> 00:39:30.259
 was

00:39:30.259 --> 00:39:30.420
 doing

00:39:30.420 --> 00:39:30.639
 work

00:39:30.639 --> 00:39:30.819
 on

00:39:30.819 --> 00:39:31.619
 Calvin

00:39:31.619 --> 00:39:31.719
 and

00:39:31.719 --> 00:39:31.819
 the

00:39:31.819 --> 00:39:32.199
 Puritans

00:39:32.199 --> 00:39:33.460
 he

00:39:33.460 --> 00:39:33.599
 wrote

00:39:33.599 --> 00:39:33.699
 a

00:39:33.699 --> 00:39:33.839
 book

00:39:33.839 --> 00:39:34.219
 on

00:39:34.219 --> 00:39:35.059
 the

00:39:35.059 --> 00:39:35.239
 curse

00:39:35.239 --> 00:39:35.359
 of

00:39:35.359 --> 00:39:35.619
 Ham

00:39:35.619 --> 00:39:36.420
 as

00:39:36.420 --> 00:39:37.359
 a

00:39:37.359 --> 00:39:38.279
 developing

00:39:38.279 --> 00:39:40.980
 doctrine

00:39:40.980 --> 00:39:41.460
 of

00:39:41.460 --> 00:39:42.279
 justification

00:39:42.279 --> 00:39:42.599
 of

00:39:42.599 --> 00:39:43.359
 American

00:39:43.359 --> 00:39:43.759
 slavery

00:39:43.759 --> 00:39:44.139
 but

00:39:44.139 --> 00:39:45.500
 it's

00:39:45.500 --> 00:39:45.920
 an

00:39:45.920 --> 00:39:47.119
 unfounded

00:39:47.119 --> 00:39:50.079
 scriptural

00:39:50.079 --> 00:39:50.500
 interpretation

00:39:50.500 --> 00:39:50.960
 that's

00:39:50.960 --> 00:39:51.319
 essentially

00:39:51.319 --> 00:39:51.940
 used

00:39:51.940 --> 00:39:52.719
 to

00:39:52.719 --> 00:39:54.219
 justify

00:39:54.219 --> 00:39:54.480
 an

00:39:54.480 --> 00:39:54.879
 already

00:39:54.879 --> 00:39:56.460
 continuing

00:39:56.460 --> 00:39:57.019
 practice

00:39:57.019 --> 00:39:57.619
 some

00:39:57.619 --> 00:39:57.980
 people

00:39:57.980 --> 00:39:58.259
 use

00:39:58.259 --> 00:39:58.819
 scriptures

00:39:58.819 --> 00:39:59.339
 to

00:39:59.339 --> 00:39:59.960
 Christians

00:39:59.960 --> 00:40:00.280
 use

00:40:00.280 --> 00:40:00.440
 it

00:40:00.440 --> 00:40:00.639
 to

00:40:00.639 --> 00:40:01.619
 persecute

00:40:01.619 --> 00:40:01.980
 Jews

00:40:01.980 --> 00:40:02.380
 and

00:40:02.380 --> 00:40:02.579
 there's

00:40:02.579 --> 00:40:02.740
 no

00:40:02.740 --> 00:40:03.139
 scriptures

00:40:03.139 --> 00:40:04.420
 that

00:40:04.420 --> 00:40:04.659
 tell

00:40:04.659 --> 00:40:04.860
 us

00:40:04.860 --> 00:40:05.119
 that

00:40:05.119 --> 00:40:05.800
 we're

00:40:05.800 --> 00:40:06.240
 to

00:40:06.240 --> 00:40:06.760
 persecute

00:40:06.760 --> 00:40:07.159
 Jews

00:40:07.159 --> 00:40:07.599
 yeah

00:40:07.599 --> 00:40:08.039
 I mean

00:40:08.039 --> 00:40:08.260
 one

00:40:08.260 --> 00:40:09.400
 point

00:40:09.400 --> 00:40:09.940
 so this

00:40:09.940 --> 00:40:10.360
 is

00:40:10.360 --> 00:40:12.420
 a point

00:40:12.420 --> 00:40:12.780
 that I'll

00:40:12.780 --> 00:40:13.860
 add

00:40:13.860 --> 00:40:14.840
 because it's

00:40:14.840 --> 00:40:15.320
 a little bit

00:40:15.320 --> 00:40:15.599
 of time

00:40:15.599 --> 00:40:16.099
 this is

00:40:16.099 --> 00:40:17.019
 a very

00:40:17.019 --> 00:40:17.260
 important

00:40:17.260 --> 00:40:17.500
 point

00:40:17.500 --> 00:40:18.500
 and probably

00:40:18.500 --> 00:40:19.019
 one of the

00:40:19.019 --> 00:40:20.119
 most important

00:40:20.119 --> 00:40:20.559
 things

00:40:20.559 --> 00:40:21.119
 that I've

00:40:21.119 --> 00:40:21.340
 learned

00:40:21.340 --> 00:40:21.760
 about

00:40:21.760 --> 00:40:23.079
 the way

00:40:23.079 --> 00:40:23.460
 that racism

00:40:23.460 --> 00:40:23.920
 functions

00:40:23.920 --> 00:40:25.159
 in American

00:40:25.159 --> 00:40:25.619
 society

00:40:25.619 --> 00:40:25.980
 so we

00:40:25.980 --> 00:40:26.139
 tend

00:40:26.139 --> 00:40:26.299
 to

00:40:26.299 --> 00:40:26.559
 think

00:40:26.559 --> 00:40:27.480
 that

00:40:27.480 --> 00:40:28.920
 things

00:40:28.920 --> 00:40:29.380
 move

00:40:29.380 --> 00:40:29.719
 from

00:40:29.719 --> 00:40:30.139
 ignorance

00:40:30.139 --> 00:40:30.659
 and hate

00:40:30.659 --> 00:40:31.619
 to racist

00:40:31.619 --> 00:40:32.259
 ideas

00:40:32.259 --> 00:40:33.259
 to racist

00:40:33.259 --> 00:40:33.839
 practices

00:40:33.839 --> 00:40:35.279
 it's one

00:40:35.279 --> 00:40:35.420
 of the

00:40:35.420 --> 00:40:35.599
 reasons

00:40:35.599 --> 00:40:36.059
 why none

00:40:36.059 --> 00:40:36.279
 of us

00:40:36.279 --> 00:40:36.480
 like to

00:40:36.480 --> 00:40:36.759
 be called

00:40:36.759 --> 00:40:37.079
 racist

00:40:37.079 --> 00:40:38.779
 because it's

00:40:38.779 --> 00:40:39.359
 paired with

00:40:39.359 --> 00:40:39.880
 this ignorance

00:40:39.880 --> 00:40:40.319
 and hate

00:40:40.319 --> 00:40:40.980
 and so we

00:40:40.980 --> 00:40:41.259
 think

00:40:41.259 --> 00:40:42.099
 oh no

00:40:42.099 --> 00:40:42.400
 I'm not

00:40:42.400 --> 00:40:42.699
 racist

00:40:42.699 --> 00:40:43.099
 I'm not

00:40:43.099 --> 00:40:43.380
 ignorant

00:40:43.380 --> 00:40:43.880
 and hateful

00:40:43.880 --> 00:40:44.460
 yes we

00:40:44.460 --> 00:40:44.699
 are

00:40:44.699 --> 00:40:46.480
 but

00:40:46.480 --> 00:40:47.619
 when you

00:40:47.619 --> 00:40:48.079
 look at

00:40:48.079 --> 00:40:48.960
 particularly

00:40:48.960 --> 00:40:49.559
 American

00:40:49.559 --> 00:40:51.439
 history

00:40:51.439 --> 00:40:52.239
 but this

00:40:52.239 --> 00:40:53.239
 bleeds into

00:40:53.239 --> 00:40:53.679
 other countries

00:40:53.679 --> 00:40:54.119
 as well

00:40:54.119 --> 00:40:55.739
 the order

00:40:55.739 --> 00:40:56.419
 historically

00:40:56.419 --> 00:40:57.259
 actually tends

00:40:57.259 --> 00:40:57.679
 to go

00:40:57.679 --> 00:40:58.199
 from

00:40:58.199 --> 00:40:59.359
 policies

00:40:59.359 --> 00:40:59.619
 that

00:40:59.619 --> 00:41:00.219
 disproportionately

00:41:00.219 --> 00:41:01.079
 disadvantage

00:41:01.079 --> 00:41:01.599
 particular

00:41:01.599 --> 00:41:02.279
 populations

00:41:02.279 --> 00:41:03.899
 to ideas

00:41:03.899 --> 00:41:04.599
 that then

00:41:04.599 --> 00:41:05.279
 justify

00:41:05.279 --> 00:41:06.099
 those practices

00:41:06.099 --> 00:41:07.279
 which then

00:41:07.279 --> 00:41:08.239
 become calcified

00:41:08.239 --> 00:41:08.839
 into

00:41:08.839 --> 00:41:09.519
 ignorance

00:41:09.519 --> 00:41:09.960
 and hate

00:41:09.960 --> 00:41:10.919
 for example

00:41:10.919 --> 00:41:11.699
 American slavery

00:41:11.699 --> 00:41:12.699
 when the

00:41:12.699 --> 00:41:13.039
 Portuguese

00:41:13.039 --> 00:41:13.599
 arrive in

00:41:13.599 --> 00:41:13.960
 Africa

00:41:13.960 --> 00:41:14.840
 they don't

00:41:14.840 --> 00:41:15.340
 initially

00:41:15.340 --> 00:41:16.500
 the initial

00:41:16.500 --> 00:41:16.940
 thought is

00:41:16.940 --> 00:41:17.179
 not

00:41:17.179 --> 00:41:17.880
 these people

00:41:17.880 --> 00:41:18.460
 are inferior

00:41:18.460 --> 00:41:18.760
 let's

00:41:18.760 --> 00:41:19.139
 enslave

00:41:19.139 --> 00:41:19.400
 them

00:41:19.400 --> 00:41:20.280
 the initial

00:41:20.280 --> 00:41:20.840
 thought is

00:41:20.840 --> 00:41:21.420
 hey

00:41:21.420 --> 00:41:22.039
 this could

00:41:22.039 --> 00:41:22.380
 make us

00:41:22.380 --> 00:41:22.800
 a whole

00:41:22.800 --> 00:41:23.079
 lot of

00:41:23.079 --> 00:41:23.320
 money

00:41:23.320 --> 00:41:24.039
 let's try

00:41:24.039 --> 00:41:24.420
 this

00:41:24.420 --> 00:41:25.740
 and then

00:41:25.740 --> 00:41:26.220
 they think

00:41:26.220 --> 00:41:26.760
 hold on

00:41:26.760 --> 00:41:27.079
 I need

00:41:27.079 --> 00:41:27.619
 to justify

00:41:27.619 --> 00:41:28.039
 this to

00:41:28.039 --> 00:41:28.400
 the Pope

00:41:28.400 --> 00:41:28.780
 somehow

00:41:28.780 --> 00:41:30.300
 so

00:41:30.300 --> 00:41:31.539
 let's say

00:41:31.539 --> 00:41:32.019
 that this

00:41:32.019 --> 00:41:32.460
 is

00:41:32.460 --> 00:41:32.980
 we're doing

00:41:32.980 --> 00:41:33.240
 this to

00:41:33.240 --> 00:41:33.780
 Christianize

00:41:33.780 --> 00:41:34.280
 the heathen

00:41:34.280 --> 00:41:35.179
 yeah

00:41:35.179 --> 00:41:35.760
 let's do

00:41:35.760 --> 00:41:35.940
 that

00:41:35.940 --> 00:41:36.240
 that'll

00:41:36.240 --> 00:41:36.500
 work

00:41:36.500 --> 00:41:37.619
 so this

00:41:37.619 --> 00:41:37.960
 continues

00:41:37.960 --> 00:41:38.500
 for a while

00:41:38.500 --> 00:41:39.320
 but then

00:41:39.320 --> 00:41:39.699
 you have to

00:41:39.699 --> 00:41:40.019
 think of

00:41:40.019 --> 00:41:40.679
 other reasons

00:41:40.679 --> 00:41:41.460
 because it

00:41:41.460 --> 00:41:41.820
 starts to

00:41:41.820 --> 00:41:42.360
 become clear

00:41:42.360 --> 00:41:43.159
 that actually

00:41:43.159 --> 00:41:43.500
 the goal

00:41:43.500 --> 00:41:43.780
 is not

00:41:43.780 --> 00:41:44.340
 Christianizing

00:41:44.340 --> 00:41:44.800
 the heathen

00:41:44.800 --> 00:41:45.740
 actually the

00:41:45.740 --> 00:41:46.160
 goal is just

00:41:46.160 --> 00:41:46.420
 for you to

00:41:46.420 --> 00:41:46.820
 make money

00:41:46.820 --> 00:41:47.320
 and so

00:41:47.320 --> 00:41:48.560
 then you have

00:41:48.560 --> 00:41:48.940
 to think of

00:41:48.940 --> 00:41:49.340
 other things

00:41:49.340 --> 00:41:49.600
 you have to

00:41:49.600 --> 00:41:49.780
 think of

00:41:49.780 --> 00:41:50.220
 things like

00:41:50.220 --> 00:41:50.860
 oh

00:41:50.860 --> 00:41:52.280
 they're built

00:41:52.280 --> 00:41:52.940
 for slavery

00:41:52.940 --> 00:41:54.180
 they're inferior

00:41:54.180 --> 00:41:54.480
 to us

00:41:54.480 --> 00:41:55.080
 we need to

00:41:55.080 --> 00:41:55.880
 civilize them

00:41:55.880 --> 00:41:56.580
 so we

00:41:56.580 --> 00:41:57.180
 ought to

00:41:57.180 --> 00:41:57.720
 enslave them

00:41:57.720 --> 00:41:58.220
 they ought to

00:41:58.220 --> 00:41:58.760
 be enslaved

00:41:58.760 --> 00:42:00.019
 these kinds of

00:42:00.019 --> 00:42:00.840
 ideas start to

00:42:00.840 --> 00:42:02.180
 proliferate

00:42:02.180 --> 00:42:04.280
 and these ideas

00:42:04.280 --> 00:42:05.600
 start to build

00:42:05.600 --> 00:42:06.260
 a life of their

00:42:06.260 --> 00:42:07.000
 own apart from

00:42:07.000 --> 00:42:07.440
 the fact that

00:42:07.440 --> 00:42:07.980
 these were built

00:42:07.980 --> 00:42:08.760
 to justify a

00:42:08.760 --> 00:42:09.660
 particular practice

00:42:09.659 --> 00:42:10.539
 and so

00:42:10.539 --> 00:42:10.879
 then

00:42:10.879 --> 00:42:12.519
 these thoughts

00:42:12.519 --> 00:42:12.819
 of white

00:42:12.819 --> 00:42:13.239
 people being

00:42:13.239 --> 00:42:13.739
 inferior

00:42:13.739 --> 00:42:14.179
 and things

00:42:14.179 --> 00:42:14.679
 like that

00:42:14.679 --> 00:42:15.219
 that just

00:42:15.219 --> 00:42:15.659
 starts to

00:42:15.659 --> 00:42:16.099
 calcify

00:42:16.099 --> 00:42:16.559
 and people

00:42:16.559 --> 00:42:17.039
 just think

00:42:17.039 --> 00:42:17.819
 oh this is

00:42:17.819 --> 00:42:18.819
 just common

00:42:18.819 --> 00:42:19.299
 sense

00:42:19.299 --> 00:42:19.879
 these are

00:42:19.879 --> 00:42:20.299
 things that

00:42:20.299 --> 00:42:20.559
 we just

00:42:20.559 --> 00:42:20.879
 know to

00:42:20.879 --> 00:42:21.259
 be true

00:42:21.259 --> 00:42:22.899
 and you

00:42:22.899 --> 00:42:23.739
 can trace

00:42:23.739 --> 00:42:24.199
 this with

00:42:24.199 --> 00:42:26.779
 a number

00:42:26.779 --> 00:42:27.259
 of

00:42:27.259 --> 00:42:28.899
 particularly

00:42:28.899 --> 00:42:30.559
 racist

00:42:30.559 --> 00:42:31.299
 policies

00:42:31.299 --> 00:42:31.739
 in our

00:42:31.739 --> 00:42:32.579
 history

00:42:32.579 --> 00:42:33.619
 but that

00:42:33.619 --> 00:42:34.259
 changes the

00:42:34.259 --> 00:42:34.619
 way that

00:42:34.619 --> 00:42:35.980
 we address

00:42:35.980 --> 00:42:36.279
 it

00:42:36.280 --> 00:42:36.580
 if we

00:42:36.580 --> 00:42:36.900
 recognize

00:42:36.900 --> 00:42:37.080
 that

00:42:37.080 --> 00:42:37.240
 these

00:42:37.240 --> 00:42:37.440
 things

00:42:37.440 --> 00:42:37.860
 begin

00:42:37.860 --> 00:42:38.460
 fundamentally

00:42:38.460 --> 00:42:38.700
 in

00:42:38.700 --> 00:42:39.320
 self-interest

00:42:39.320 --> 00:42:39.980
 because that's

00:42:39.980 --> 00:42:40.300
 where all

00:42:40.300 --> 00:42:40.720
 these things

00:42:40.720 --> 00:42:41.440
 have begun

00:42:41.440 --> 00:42:42.560
 greed

00:42:42.560 --> 00:42:43.560
 and self-interest

00:42:43.560 --> 00:42:43.940
 and things

00:42:43.940 --> 00:42:44.420
 like that

00:42:44.420 --> 00:42:45.300
 then we can

00:42:45.300 --> 00:42:45.800
 start asking

00:42:45.800 --> 00:42:46.280
 the question

00:42:46.280 --> 00:42:46.660
 okay

00:42:46.660 --> 00:42:47.720
 this isn't

00:42:47.720 --> 00:42:48.080
 just an

00:42:48.080 --> 00:42:48.240
 education

00:42:48.240 --> 00:42:49.400
 it's not

00:42:49.400 --> 00:42:50.019
 an education

00:42:50.019 --> 00:42:50.540
 problem

00:42:50.540 --> 00:42:51.620
 it's just

00:42:51.620 --> 00:42:52.060
 that we're

00:42:52.060 --> 00:42:52.540
 evil

00:42:52.540 --> 00:42:52.960
 and so we

00:42:52.960 --> 00:42:53.340
 have to deal

00:42:53.340 --> 00:42:54.900
 with it

00:42:54.900 --> 00:42:55.300
 in that

00:42:55.300 --> 00:42:56.019
 we have to

00:42:56.019 --> 00:42:57.940
 deal with it

00:42:57.940 --> 00:42:58.380
 in those

00:42:58.380 --> 00:42:59.519
 terms

00:42:59.519 --> 00:43:01.160
 and so when

00:43:01.160 --> 00:43:01.760
 we see

00:43:01.760 --> 00:43:05.019
 disparities

00:43:05.019 --> 00:43:06.000
 and we blame

00:43:06.000 --> 00:43:07.840
 entire groups

00:43:07.840 --> 00:43:08.280
 of people

00:43:08.280 --> 00:43:08.840
 for those

00:43:08.840 --> 00:43:09.559
 things

00:43:09.559 --> 00:43:10.480
 we have to

00:43:10.480 --> 00:43:10.900
 think carefully

00:43:10.900 --> 00:43:11.880
 about what

00:43:11.880 --> 00:43:12.420
 we're saying

00:43:12.420 --> 00:43:12.940
 when we say

00:43:12.940 --> 00:43:13.420
 those kinds

00:43:13.420 --> 00:43:13.820
 of things

00:43:13.820 --> 00:43:16.119
 because the

00:43:16.119 --> 00:43:16.579
 fact of the

00:43:16.579 --> 00:43:17.019
 matter is

00:43:17.019 --> 00:43:18.699
 if we're

00:43:18.699 --> 00:43:19.139
 to be

00:43:19.139 --> 00:43:20.699
 ambassadors

00:43:20.699 --> 00:43:21.019
 of the

00:43:21.019 --> 00:43:21.320
 gospel

00:43:21.320 --> 00:43:22.559
 our goal

00:43:22.559 --> 00:43:22.739
 is to

00:43:22.739 --> 00:43:23.039
 figure out

00:43:23.039 --> 00:43:23.739
 how to

00:43:23.739 --> 00:43:24.099
 wisely

00:43:24.099 --> 00:43:24.500
 love our

00:43:24.500 --> 00:43:24.840
 neighbors

00:43:24.840 --> 00:43:25.920
 and blaming

00:43:25.920 --> 00:43:26.519
 entire groups

00:43:26.519 --> 00:43:28.179
 of people

00:43:28.179 --> 00:43:28.579
 for things

00:43:28.579 --> 00:43:28.820
 that are

00:43:28.820 --> 00:43:29.159
 not

00:43:29.159 --> 00:43:31.000
 their fault

00:43:31.000 --> 00:43:31.960
 is unhelpful

00:43:31.960 --> 00:43:32.699
 yeah

00:43:32.699 --> 00:43:33.500
 thanks so

00:43:33.500 --> 00:43:33.820
 much

00:43:33.820 --> 00:43:34.739
 upstairs

00:43:34.739 --> 00:43:35.300
 we've been

00:43:35.300 --> 00:43:35.760
 going through

00:43:35.760 --> 00:43:36.500
 nehemiah

00:43:36.500 --> 00:43:36.760
 yeah

00:43:36.760 --> 00:43:38.040
 and uh

00:43:38.040 --> 00:43:38.880
 when nehemiah

00:43:38.880 --> 00:43:39.680
 heard the news

00:43:39.680 --> 00:43:40.240
 of this

00:43:40.240 --> 00:43:41.640
 terrible

00:43:41.640 --> 00:43:42.160
 terrible

00:43:42.160 --> 00:43:42.940
 situation

00:43:42.940 --> 00:43:44.520
 it seemed

00:43:44.520 --> 00:43:45.000
 like it was

00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:45.440
 a pattern

00:43:45.440 --> 00:43:45.880
 where he

00:43:45.880 --> 00:43:46.420
 heard

00:43:46.420 --> 00:43:47.280
 rather than

00:43:47.280 --> 00:43:48.040
 simply acting

00:43:48.040 --> 00:43:48.500
 yep

00:43:48.500 --> 00:43:49.060
 though he was

00:43:49.060 --> 00:43:49.520
 an actor

00:43:49.520 --> 00:43:50.040
 yep

00:43:50.040 --> 00:43:51.300
 he stopped

00:43:51.300 --> 00:43:52.200
 and he mourned

00:43:52.200 --> 00:43:52.600
 mourns

00:43:52.600 --> 00:43:52.880
 yeah

00:43:52.880 --> 00:43:54.180
 then he

00:43:54.180 --> 00:43:54.480
 confessed

00:43:54.480 --> 00:43:55.820
 he not only

00:43:55.820 --> 00:43:56.320
 confessed

00:43:56.320 --> 00:43:56.900
 personally

00:43:56.900 --> 00:43:57.540
 but also

00:43:57.540 --> 00:43:58.200
 corporately

00:43:58.200 --> 00:43:58.840
 for his

00:43:58.840 --> 00:43:59.380
 people

00:43:59.380 --> 00:43:59.920
 yep

00:43:59.920 --> 00:44:00.500
 then he

00:44:00.500 --> 00:44:00.940
 prayed

00:44:00.940 --> 00:44:01.780
 and really

00:44:01.780 --> 00:44:02.280
 reflected

00:44:02.280 --> 00:44:02.720
 in any

00:44:02.720 --> 00:44:03.099
 act

00:44:03.099 --> 00:44:03.780
 does that

00:44:03.780 --> 00:44:04.280
 seem like

00:44:04.280 --> 00:44:04.679
 a helpful

00:44:04.679 --> 00:44:05.200
 pattern

00:44:05.200 --> 00:44:05.700
 absolutely

00:44:05.700 --> 00:44:06.079
 does

00:44:06.079 --> 00:44:06.460
 john

00:44:06.460 --> 00:44:07.619
 absolutely

00:44:07.619 --> 00:44:08.059
 does

00:44:08.059 --> 00:44:08.500
 john

00:44:08.500 --> 00:44:10.400
 absolutely

00:44:10.400 --> 00:44:10.659
 does

00:44:10.659 --> 00:44:10.860
 john

00:44:10.860 --> 00:44:11.420
 this is

00:44:11.420 --> 00:44:11.800
 this is

00:44:11.800 --> 00:44:12.159
 not the

00:44:12.159 --> 00:44:12.519
 kind of

00:44:12.519 --> 00:44:13.099
 this is

00:44:13.099 --> 00:44:13.380
 not the

00:44:13.380 --> 00:44:13.639
 kind of

00:44:13.639 --> 00:44:13.920
 work that

00:44:13.920 --> 00:44:14.159
 you can

00:44:14.159 --> 00:44:14.700
 engage in

00:44:14.700 --> 00:44:15.099
 without

00:44:15.099 --> 00:44:16.000
 without

00:44:16.000 --> 00:44:16.519
 initially

00:44:16.519 --> 00:44:17.159
 because it's

00:44:17.159 --> 00:44:18.039
 the mourning

00:44:18.039 --> 00:44:19.039
 the mourning

00:44:19.039 --> 00:44:19.480
 and praying

00:44:19.480 --> 00:44:20.659
 and confessing

00:44:20.659 --> 00:44:21.460
 gets you

00:44:21.460 --> 00:44:22.099
 gets you in

00:44:22.099 --> 00:44:22.480
 the proper

00:44:22.480 --> 00:44:23.280
 posture to be

00:44:23.280 --> 00:44:23.619
 able to

00:44:23.619 --> 00:44:24.119
 engage in

00:44:24.119 --> 00:44:24.500
 this kind

00:44:24.500 --> 00:44:25.019
 of in

00:44:25.019 --> 00:44:25.400
 this kind

00:44:25.400 --> 00:44:25.740
 of work

00:44:25.739 --> 00:44:26.539
 this is

00:44:26.539 --> 00:44:26.979
 not a

00:44:26.979 --> 00:44:27.479
 this is

00:44:27.479 --> 00:44:28.139
 this is

00:44:28.139 --> 00:44:28.479
 not a

00:44:28.479 --> 00:44:28.899
 rush in

00:44:28.899 --> 00:44:29.319
 and save

00:44:29.319 --> 00:44:29.919
 situation

00:44:29.919 --> 00:44:30.879
 this is

00:44:30.879 --> 00:44:31.179
 a

00:44:31.179 --> 00:44:31.919
 we have

00:44:31.919 --> 00:44:32.739
 to be

00:44:32.739 --> 00:44:33.119
 working

00:44:33.119 --> 00:44:33.719
 alongside

00:44:33.719 --> 00:44:34.059
 our

00:44:34.059 --> 00:44:34.500
 brothers and

00:44:34.500 --> 00:44:34.959
 sisters and

00:44:34.959 --> 00:44:35.259
 neighbors

00:44:35.259 --> 00:44:36.439
 learning alongside

00:44:36.439 --> 00:44:36.919
 them to

00:44:36.919 --> 00:44:37.439
 figure out

00:44:37.439 --> 00:44:37.919
 okay

00:44:37.919 --> 00:44:38.739
 this is how

00:44:38.739 --> 00:44:39.339
 deep these

00:44:39.339 --> 00:44:40.099
 wounds are

00:44:40.099 --> 00:44:40.679
 how can I

00:44:40.679 --> 00:44:41.259
 come alongside

00:44:41.259 --> 00:44:41.739
 you in

00:44:41.739 --> 00:44:41.959
 these

00:44:41.959 --> 00:44:42.599
 in these

00:44:42.599 --> 00:44:42.939
 wounds

00:44:42.939 --> 00:44:43.939
 that requires

00:44:43.939 --> 00:44:45.319
 sitting with

00:44:45.319 --> 00:44:45.519
 people

00:44:45.519 --> 00:44:46.159
 it requires

00:44:46.159 --> 00:44:46.579
 mourning

00:44:46.579 --> 00:44:47.359
 it requires

00:44:47.359 --> 00:44:47.659
 prayer

00:44:47.659 --> 00:44:48.259
 it requires

00:44:48.259 --> 00:44:48.739
 confession

00:44:48.739 --> 00:44:49.779
 from all

00:44:49.779 --> 00:44:50.059
 of us

00:44:50.059 --> 00:44:50.559
 this is not

00:44:50.559 --> 00:44:51.079
 this is not

00:44:51.079 --> 00:44:51.599
 something that

00:44:51.599 --> 00:44:52.639
 if you were

00:44:52.639 --> 00:44:53.039
 born and

00:44:53.039 --> 00:44:53.599
 if you were

00:44:53.599 --> 00:44:54.879
 born and

00:44:54.879 --> 00:44:55.379
 grew up or

00:44:55.380 --> 00:44:55.700
 have spent

00:44:55.700 --> 00:44:56.539
 any significant

00:44:56.539 --> 00:44:57.860
 period of

00:44:57.860 --> 00:44:58.180
 time in

00:44:58.180 --> 00:44:58.660
 this country

00:44:58.660 --> 00:44:59.680
 you've been

00:44:59.680 --> 00:45:00.160
 shaped in

00:45:00.160 --> 00:45:00.860
 some way by

00:45:00.860 --> 00:45:01.180
 this

00:45:01.180 --> 00:45:02.220
 shaped in

00:45:02.220 --> 00:45:02.760
 some way by

00:45:02.760 --> 00:45:03.500
 this by

00:45:03.500 --> 00:45:04.039
 this culture

00:45:04.039 --> 00:45:05.860
 and so

00:45:05.860 --> 00:45:06.720
 that that

00:45:06.720 --> 00:45:07.579
 those those

00:45:07.579 --> 00:45:07.960
 kinds of

00:45:07.960 --> 00:45:08.860
 practices are

00:45:08.860 --> 00:45:11.180
 are necessary

00:45:11.180 --> 00:45:12.000
 preparatory

00:45:12.000 --> 00:45:13.079
 they're necessary

00:45:13.079 --> 00:45:14.140
 preparatory actions

00:45:14.140 --> 00:45:16.059
 before even

00:45:16.059 --> 00:45:16.720
 before even

00:45:16.720 --> 00:45:17.539
 thinking about

00:45:17.539 --> 00:45:18.720
 you know

00:45:18.720 --> 00:45:19.099
 before even

00:45:19.099 --> 00:45:19.579
 thinking about

00:45:19.579 --> 00:45:20.160
 moving forward

00:45:20.160 --> 00:45:20.720
 those are

00:45:20.720 --> 00:45:21.420
 those are I

00:45:21.420 --> 00:45:22.180
 think important

00:45:22.180 --> 00:45:22.880
 initial steps

00:45:22.880 --> 00:45:23.320
 I don't want to

00:45:23.320 --> 00:45:24.039
 take up too

00:45:24.039 --> 00:45:24.660
 much more time

00:45:24.659 --> 00:45:25.359
 I'll be

00:45:25.359 --> 00:45:25.960
 I'll be

00:45:25.960 --> 00:45:26.359
 I'll be

00:45:26.359 --> 00:45:27.099
 available though

00:45:27.099 --> 00:45:28.659
 but I want

00:45:28.659 --> 00:45:29.239
 to but I

00:45:29.239 --> 00:45:29.519
 want to make

00:45:29.519 --> 00:45:29.779
 sure that we

00:45:29.779 --> 00:45:30.139
 have time for

00:45:30.139 --> 00:45:30.559
 worship I

00:45:30.559 --> 00:45:31.379
 want to pray

00:45:31.379 --> 00:45:32.159
 for us let

00:45:32.159 --> 00:45:33.099
 me let me

00:45:33.099 --> 00:45:33.500
 pray for us

00:45:33.500 --> 00:45:34.399
 real quick

00:45:34.399 --> 00:45:36.039
 heavenly father

00:45:36.039 --> 00:45:36.460
 we thank you

00:45:36.460 --> 00:45:36.719
 for this

00:45:36.719 --> 00:45:37.179
 opportunity

00:45:37.179 --> 00:45:37.639
 Lord to

00:45:37.639 --> 00:45:38.039
 gather in

00:45:38.039 --> 00:45:38.420
 your name

00:45:38.420 --> 00:45:38.779
 Lord to

00:45:38.779 --> 00:45:39.420
 worship you

00:45:39.420 --> 00:45:40.579
 gather with

00:45:40.579 --> 00:45:40.940
 our brothers

00:45:40.940 --> 00:45:41.440
 and sisters

00:45:41.440 --> 00:45:42.039
 and lift up

00:45:42.039 --> 00:45:42.879
 your and lift

00:45:42.879 --> 00:45:43.440
 up your name

00:45:43.440 --> 00:45:44.920
 Lord even

00:45:44.920 --> 00:45:45.719
 as we hear

00:45:45.719 --> 00:45:47.420
 of even

00:45:47.420 --> 00:45:48.059
 as we hear

00:45:48.059 --> 00:45:48.659
 of seemingly

00:45:48.659 --> 00:45:49.359
 insurmountable

00:45:49.359 --> 00:45:50.039
 evils Lord

00:45:50.039 --> 00:45:51.339
 not only in

00:45:51.339 --> 00:45:51.819
 history Lord

00:45:51.819 --> 00:45:52.259
 but in our

00:45:52.260 --> 00:45:53.520
 world today

00:45:53.520 --> 00:45:53.900
 Lord I

00:45:53.900 --> 00:45:54.200
 pray that we

00:45:54.200 --> 00:45:54.660
 would constantly

00:45:54.660 --> 00:45:55.200
 be reminded

00:45:55.200 --> 00:45:55.520
 that we

00:45:55.520 --> 00:45:55.920
 serve an

00:45:55.920 --> 00:45:56.300
 actually

00:45:56.300 --> 00:45:56.960
 insurmountable

00:45:56.960 --> 00:45:57.380
 God

00:45:57.380 --> 00:45:58.360
 Lord that

00:45:58.360 --> 00:45:58.660
 you

00:45:58.660 --> 00:45:59.340
 that you

00:45:59.340 --> 00:46:00.940
 that you

00:46:00.940 --> 00:46:01.420
 have shown

00:46:01.420 --> 00:46:01.660
 that you

00:46:01.660 --> 00:46:02.140
 have shown

00:46:02.140 --> 00:46:02.580
 your love

00:46:02.580 --> 00:46:02.960
 for us

00:46:02.960 --> 00:46:03.380
 in Christ

00:46:03.380 --> 00:46:03.760
 that you've

00:46:03.760 --> 00:46:04.040
 shown

00:46:04.040 --> 00:46:04.560
 Lord

00:46:04.560 --> 00:46:05.580
 your

00:46:05.580 --> 00:46:06.980
 forgiveness

00:46:06.980 --> 00:46:07.380
 for us

00:46:07.380 --> 00:46:07.760
 in Christ

00:46:07.760 --> 00:46:08.820
 that you've

00:46:08.820 --> 00:46:09.120
 shown

00:46:09.120 --> 00:46:10.140
 Lord

00:46:10.140 --> 00:46:11.680
 the fact

00:46:11.680 --> 00:46:11.980
 that you

00:46:11.980 --> 00:46:12.520
 wish for us

00:46:12.520 --> 00:46:12.720
 to be

00:46:12.720 --> 00:46:13.340
 conformed

00:46:13.340 --> 00:46:13.560
 to the

00:46:13.560 --> 00:46:13.900
 image of

00:46:13.900 --> 00:46:14.300
 your son

00:46:14.300 --> 00:46:14.900
 in the

00:46:14.900 --> 00:46:15.240
 gift of

00:46:15.240 --> 00:46:15.620
 your Holy

00:46:15.620 --> 00:46:16.020
 Spirit

00:46:16.020 --> 00:46:16.620
 and so

00:46:16.620 --> 00:46:17.000
 Lord I

00:46:17.000 --> 00:46:17.440
 pray that

00:46:17.440 --> 00:46:18.620
 as we

00:46:18.620 --> 00:46:19.220
 continue to

00:46:19.220 --> 00:46:19.560
 seek to

00:46:19.560 --> 00:46:19.940
 live the

00:46:19.940 --> 00:46:21.160
 Christian life

00:46:21.159 --> 00:46:22.559
 Lord that

00:46:22.559 --> 00:46:22.960
 we would

00:46:22.960 --> 00:46:23.579
 that we

00:46:23.579 --> 00:46:23.980
 would do

00:46:23.980 --> 00:46:25.399
 so humbly

00:46:25.399 --> 00:46:25.940
 Lord that

00:46:25.940 --> 00:46:26.239
 if we

00:46:26.239 --> 00:46:26.980
 as we

00:46:26.980 --> 00:46:27.980
 as we

00:46:27.980 --> 00:46:28.379
 look at

00:46:28.379 --> 00:46:28.679
 these

00:46:28.679 --> 00:46:29.399
 seemingly

00:46:29.399 --> 00:46:29.960
 insurmountable

00:46:29.960 --> 00:46:30.619
 issues of

00:46:30.619 --> 00:46:31.759
 particularly

00:46:31.759 --> 00:46:32.460
 racial justice

00:46:32.460 --> 00:46:32.819
 but this

00:46:32.819 --> 00:46:33.420
 extends to

00:46:33.420 --> 00:46:34.000
 other realms

00:46:34.000 --> 00:46:34.659
 Lord that

00:46:34.659 --> 00:46:35.000
 we would

00:46:35.000 --> 00:46:35.539
 not be

00:46:35.539 --> 00:46:36.739
 discouraged

00:46:36.739 --> 00:46:37.259
 Lord that

00:46:37.259 --> 00:46:37.519
 we would

00:46:37.519 --> 00:46:38.259
 not fall

00:46:38.259 --> 00:46:39.039
 into despair

00:46:39.039 --> 00:46:40.119
 but Lord

00:46:40.119 --> 00:46:40.399
 that we

00:46:40.399 --> 00:46:40.940
 would continue

00:46:40.940 --> 00:46:41.379
 to lean

00:46:41.379 --> 00:46:41.940
 in to

00:46:41.940 --> 00:46:42.440
 lean into

00:46:42.440 --> 00:46:42.799
 you

00:46:42.799 --> 00:46:43.359
 Lord the

00:46:43.359 --> 00:46:43.799
 resources

00:46:43.799 --> 00:46:44.259
 that you've

00:46:44.259 --> 00:46:44.599
 given us

00:46:44.599 --> 00:46:44.839
 in your

00:46:44.839 --> 00:46:45.319
 word

00:46:45.319 --> 00:46:45.899
 Lord in

00:46:45.899 --> 00:46:46.279
 prayer

00:46:46.279 --> 00:46:46.679
 in your

00:46:46.679 --> 00:46:47.199
 spirit

00:46:47.199 --> 00:46:48.099
 and in

00:46:48.099 --> 00:46:48.539
 the community

00:46:48.539 --> 00:46:49.039
 of faith

00:46:49.039 --> 00:46:49.500
 Lord we

00:46:49.500 --> 00:46:50.019
 thank you

00:46:50.019 --> 00:46:50.279
 for the

00:46:50.279 --> 00:46:50.699
 many ways

00:46:50.699 --> 00:46:50.899
 that you

00:46:50.899 --> 00:46:51.339
 continue to

00:46:51.339 --> 00:46:51.699
 bless us

00:46:51.699 --> 00:46:51.960
 by your

00:46:51.960 --> 00:46:52.239
 grace and

00:46:52.239 --> 00:46:52.619
 your mercy

00:46:52.619 --> 00:46:53.359
 and Lord we

00:46:53.359 --> 00:46:53.819
 pray these

00:46:53.819 --> 00:46:54.259
 things in the

00:46:54.259 --> 00:46:54.719
 name of your

00:46:54.719 --> 00:46:55.159
 son and by

00:46:55.159 --> 00:46:55.639
 the power of

00:46:55.639 --> 00:46:56.079
 your spirit

00:46:56.079 --> 00:46:56.719
 amen