WEBVTT

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 All righty, everybody. It is nine o'clock, so let's jump in to our class.

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 Let's start with a word of prayer. Father God, thank you for this time that we have to consider your word and to think deeply and hopefully learn more about you.

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 I ask that you would bless this time, allow us to glorify you with our thoughts, and I ask that you give me some clarity of speech as we discuss this topic.

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 In Jesus' name, amen.

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 All right. Well, we're going to continue our class on the doctrine of creation by considering human origins,

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 which, you know, no sweat, right?

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 But human origins actually, you know, it's a controversial subject for a reason.

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 And when you think about the controversy surrounding like evolution and Christianity,

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 the earlier initial sort of fundamentalist modernist controversy in the early 20th century

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 was really revolving around the reliability of Scripture.

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 And evolution was merely sort of a case study on the side.

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 But if we think about our modern day, really the flashpoint is over anthropology.

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 What does it mean to be human?

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 And so as we'll discuss today, anthropology touches on many primary doctrines.

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 And so for that reason, we must tread carefully as we consider it.

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 With that, let's jump into our text.

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 We're going to be reading Genesis 2, verses 4 through 25,

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 which I take in the traditional way to be an expansion of day 6 from chapter 1.

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 Does anybody have that open and is willing to read that for the rest of the class?

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 That's Genesis 2, 4 through 25.

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 All right, go for it.

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 These are the generations of the heavens and the earth when they were created,

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 and the day that the Lord God made the earth and the heavens.

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 When no bush of the field was yet in the land,

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 and no small plant of the field had yet sprung up.

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 For the Lord God had not caused it to rain on the land,

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 and there was no man to work the ground.

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 And a mist was going up from the land and was watering the whole face of the ground.

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 Then the Lord God formed the man of dust from the ground,

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 and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life.

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 And the man became a living creature.

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 And the Lord God planted a garden in Eden in the east,

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 and there he put the man whom he had formed.

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 And out of the ground the Lord God made to spring up every tree that is pleasant to sight,

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 and good for food.

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 The tree of life is in the midst of the garden,

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 and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

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 A river flowed out of Eden to water the garden,

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 and there divided and became four rivers.

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 The name of the first is the Pishon.

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 It is the one that flowed around the whole land of Havala,

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 where there is gold.

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 And the gold of that land is good.

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 Delam and Onyx stone are there.

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 The name of the second river is the Gimon.

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 It is the one that flowed around the whole land of Cush.

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 And the name of the third river is the Tigris,

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 which flows east of Assyria.

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 And the fourth river is the Eucrates.

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 The Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it.

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 And the Lord God planted the man, saying,

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 You may surely eat of every tree of the garden,

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 but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil,

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 you shall not eat.

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 For in the day that you eat of it, you shall surely die.

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 Then the Lord God said,

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 It is not good that the man should be alone.

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 I will make him a helper fit for him.

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 Now out of the ground the Lord God

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 named every beast of the field and every bird of the heavens

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 and brought them to the man to see what he would call them.

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 And whatever the man called every living creature,

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 that was its name.

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 The man gave names to all livestock

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 and to the birds of the heavens

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 and to every beast of the field.

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 But for Adam there was not a found helper fit for him.

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 So the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man

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 while he slept to one of his ribs

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 and closed up its place with flesh.

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 And the rib that the Lord God had taken from the man

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 he made into a woman and brought her to the man.

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 Then the man said,

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 This at last is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh.

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 She shall be called a woman

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 because she was taken out of man.

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 Therefore a man shall leave his father and mother

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 and hold fast to his wife

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 and they shall become one flesh.

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 And the man and his wife were both naked and were not ashamed.

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 All right.

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 What a beautiful start to the human story.

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 Of course, it doesn't continue that way, as we all know.

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 But I believe we're meant to read this account

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 with a certain sense of nostalgia or longing.

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 You know, this is where we want to be.

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 You know, in this state of bliss.

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 We must be careful to be attentive

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 and do our best to be a good audience, though, here.

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 And part of the effort should be in considering the illocution,

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 if you guys remember our earlier discussion,

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 or the intended meaning of the text.

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 What are we meant to see here?

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 Some faithful Christians would say

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 that what we see is what you get.

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 That what we're dealing with here

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 is straight journalistic history,

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 a sort of eyewitness account.

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 Is that the best way for us to receive the text?

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 It could be.

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 But I think we have some reasons to think otherwise.

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 For one, we have a long history of major church figures

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 pointing out that what Moses is doing here

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 is communicating unique narrative events

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 in exalted prose

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 or heightened everyday speech.

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 You know, speech meant for the common people.

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 Eusebius, the great church historian, says of Genesis,

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 They did not think it necessary

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 to make known accurately to the multitude

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 nor teach the common people

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 the causes of the nature of existing things

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 except only so far as it was necessary

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 for them to know

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 that the universe has not been self-created,

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 has not been produced causelessly

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 and by chance from an irrational impulse,

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 but is led on by the divine reason as its guide

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 and governed by a powerful, ineffable wisdom.

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 Or consider Augustine.

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 But the scriptural style comes down to the level

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 of the little ones

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 and adjusts itself to their capacity

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 by putting before them each single kind of creature

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 one by one

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 and then looking back at the eternal formula

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 of each kind in the Word of God.

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 Thomas Aquinas agrees, saying,

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 But Moses describes what is obvious to sense

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 out of condescension to an uneducated populace.

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 That's us.

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 Also, John Calvin says,

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 Moses wrote in a popular style,

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 things without instruction,

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 all ordinary persons,

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 a dude with common sense,

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 are able to understand.

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 I like it best said by someone, C.S. Lewis,

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 who was making the same observation.

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 He liked to quote this guy.

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 This is a proto-reformer named John Collette,

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 relatively unknown nowadays.

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 But he said,

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 Moses arranged his details in such a way

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 as to give people a clearer notion,

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 and he does so after the manner of a popular poet,

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 in order that he may the more adapt himself

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 to the spirit of simple rusticity.

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 Well, what does this all mean?

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 Well, I think what it means

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 is that we're not dealing with a text

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 that you need a PhD to understand the point.

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 Or at least you didn't need one

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 at the time of the original audience.

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 We, of course, greatly benefit

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 from our modern scholars.

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 They help us to put ourselves

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 in the seat of the original audience.

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 They give us things like translations

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 and commentaries.

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 And some of the ways that we're helped

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 in receiving the text

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 with its correct intention

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 is learning about things like

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 pictorial description,

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 anachronisms,

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 and symbolic language,

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 which would have been obvious

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 to the original audience.

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 These are figures of speech.

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 So, do we have these kinds of things

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 in this text that we've read today?

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 Well, I think so.

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 For example,

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 what does it mean that man was created

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 from the dust of the ground?

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 Are we meant to understand this

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 as an example of sculpting

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 from actual mud

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 in the story,

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 like in the story of Prometheus,

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 how he created humans?

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 Anybody familiar with the myth of Prometheus?

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 He was tasked with the gods.

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 This is Greek mythology.

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 He was tasked with the gods

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 with creating helpers,

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 like workers,

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 and he forms men out of mud

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 and gives them...

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 In Greek mythology,

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 Prometheus is actually the one

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 who makes humanity.

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 And then he gives them fire.

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 We all remember this part.

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 He gives them fire

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 against the will of Zeus,

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 and then he's put on a rock

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 and his liver is eaten.

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 You know,

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 that's kind of unnecessary.

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 But anyways,

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 are we looking at the creation story

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 in that way,

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 where out of the mud,

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 out of the dust,

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 God is creating humanity?

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 Or could this be an example

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 of like pictorial description,

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 wherein dust is a reference

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 to material reality

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 and earthly nature itself?

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 Later in Genesis 3,

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 we learn that Adam is called...

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 God says,

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 Adam is dust,

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 and to dust he will return.

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 Language like this gives us reason

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 to not take the dust too literally,

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 right?

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 As Adam was not literally dust

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 at the time God was saying

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 that he is dust.

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 You see the point there?

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 We are also exposed to anachronisms.

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 Anachronisms are elements in the text

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 that are found earlier

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 than they actually would appear

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 in his history.

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 So for instance,

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 God is referred to in this passage

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 as the Lord,

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 as Yahweh.

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 But he doesn't reveal himself

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 in that way.

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 He doesn't reveal that name

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 until the time of Moses,

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 right?

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 So,

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 these are elements of the text

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 where we read it

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 and we think,

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 okay,

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 something,

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 it's not so much

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 straight journalistic history.

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 I just say there's like

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 all kinds of other questions

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 that the text presents

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 that we're not given an answer to.

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 where it's obvious

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 that we're being shown

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 the truth here,

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 not necessarily being told it

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 completely,

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 right?

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 So for instance,

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 what is the tree of life

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 and the tree of the knowledge

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 of good and evil?

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 And how do they work?

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 Why are they there?

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 Why is Adam not called

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 by a proper name

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 into like the middle

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 of the narrative?

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 How long did it take Adam

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 to name all the animals?

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 These,

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 among other questions,

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 are not answered

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 explicitly in the text.

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 Ultimately,

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 you know,

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 we should remember

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 that the Bible

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 was written

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 to ordinary people

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 like us

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 with language

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 fitting for that purpose,

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 but is meant

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 to convey divine truth

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 which none of us

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 are able to exhaust

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 with even a lifetime

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 of study.

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 Okay?

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 I mean,

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 there's other elements

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 of the text too.

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 So for instance,

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 when Adam

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 initially sees Eve,

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 right,

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 we have this wonderful

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 passage where he says,

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 this at last

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 is bone of my bones

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 and flesh of my flesh.

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 She should be called woman

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 because she was taken

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 out of man.

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 Now probably

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 many of you have heard

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 that in the Hebrew,

00:11:28.299 --> 00:11:29.439
 Adam is kind of

00:11:29.439 --> 00:11:30.240
 making a pun.

00:11:31.299 --> 00:11:31.519
 Right?

00:11:31.860 --> 00:11:32.519
 He's saying,

00:11:32.759 --> 00:11:33.279
 you should be called

00:11:33.279 --> 00:11:33.839
 Isha

00:11:33.839 --> 00:11:34.659
 because you came

00:11:34.659 --> 00:11:35.299
 out of Ish.

00:11:35.839 --> 00:11:36.039
 Right?

00:11:36.659 --> 00:11:37.360
 So he's making,

00:11:37.579 --> 00:11:38.179
 he's using,

00:11:38.519 --> 00:11:39.620
 he's playing with language

00:11:39.620 --> 00:11:39.919
 there,

00:11:39.979 --> 00:11:40.360
 but he's playing

00:11:40.360 --> 00:11:40.779
 with language

00:11:40.779 --> 00:11:41.500
 in Hebrew

00:11:41.500 --> 00:11:42.839
 and I don't think

00:11:42.839 --> 00:11:43.779
 the text

00:11:43.779 --> 00:11:45.019
 requires us

00:11:45.019 --> 00:11:46.799
 to believe

00:11:46.799 --> 00:11:48.199
 that the original

00:11:48.199 --> 00:11:49.259
 language spoken

00:11:49.259 --> 00:11:49.699
 by man

00:11:49.699 --> 00:11:50.099
 was Hebrew.

00:11:50.599 --> 00:11:51.240
 Does that make sense?

00:11:51.319 --> 00:11:52.219
 I think it's capturing

00:11:52.219 --> 00:11:53.399
 the nature

00:11:53.399 --> 00:11:54.139
 of what Adam's

00:11:54.139 --> 00:11:54.919
 communication was.

00:11:55.919 --> 00:11:57.659
 So,

00:11:57.959 --> 00:11:59.699
 after all that,

00:12:00.620 --> 00:12:02.059
 let's just give up,

00:12:02.120 --> 00:12:02.279
 right?

00:12:03.959 --> 00:12:04.439
 No.

00:12:04.939 --> 00:12:05.199
 No,

00:12:05.259 --> 00:12:05.679
 the whole point

00:12:05.679 --> 00:12:06.519
 of my discussion here

00:12:06.519 --> 00:12:08.240
 is to try to explain

00:12:08.240 --> 00:12:09.360
 why our attempts

00:12:09.360 --> 00:12:10.899
 to read the text

00:12:10.899 --> 00:12:11.459
 with an eye

00:12:11.459 --> 00:12:13.139
 towards scientific detail

00:12:13.139 --> 00:12:14.559
 is often going

00:12:14.559 --> 00:12:15.339
 to be frustrated.

00:12:16.439 --> 00:12:16.959
 But,

00:12:17.360 --> 00:12:18.500
 when we look at it

00:12:18.500 --> 00:12:18.939
 with the eye

00:12:18.939 --> 00:12:20.159
 of the regular reader,

00:12:21.059 --> 00:12:22.439
 the magnificent truth

00:12:22.439 --> 00:12:23.279
 of God's work

00:12:23.279 --> 00:12:24.699
 is plainly revealed.

00:12:24.700 --> 00:12:26.280
 So,

00:12:26.340 --> 00:12:27.060
 let's recount

00:12:27.060 --> 00:12:27.600
 some of the

00:12:27.600 --> 00:12:29.259
 non-negotiable truths

00:12:29.259 --> 00:12:30.460
 that are communicated

00:12:30.460 --> 00:12:31.300
 by this passage

00:12:31.300 --> 00:12:32.100
 as it refers

00:12:32.100 --> 00:12:33.440
 to human origins.

00:12:35.000 --> 00:12:35.460
 So,

00:12:35.500 --> 00:12:35.840
 I'm going to give you

00:12:35.840 --> 00:12:37.160
 three non-negotiables.

00:12:37.800 --> 00:12:38.020
 Alright,

00:12:38.080 --> 00:12:38.360
 we're going to be

00:12:38.360 --> 00:12:38.860
 talking about,

00:12:38.960 --> 00:12:39.340
 we're going to be

00:12:39.340 --> 00:12:40.180
 referencing these

00:12:40.180 --> 00:12:40.900
 as we go along.

00:12:41.000 --> 00:12:41.140
 So,

00:12:41.300 --> 00:12:41.840
 number one

00:12:41.840 --> 00:12:43.820
 is that God

00:12:43.820 --> 00:12:45.180
 made humans.

00:12:46.060 --> 00:12:47.100
 God made us.

00:12:48.520 --> 00:12:49.320
 As obvious

00:12:49.320 --> 00:12:50.060
 as this sounds,

00:12:50.220 --> 00:12:51.180
 it has to be

00:12:51.180 --> 00:12:51.520
 emphasized

00:12:51.519 --> 00:12:52.939
 because we cannot

00:12:52.939 --> 00:12:54.039
 read this account

00:12:54.039 --> 00:12:56.220
 without ascribing

00:12:56.220 --> 00:12:56.840
 the origins

00:12:56.840 --> 00:12:57.379
 of humans

00:12:57.379 --> 00:12:57.879
 to God.

00:12:59.500 --> 00:13:00.559
 While it's true

00:13:00.559 --> 00:13:01.079
 that God

00:13:01.079 --> 00:13:01.819
 can act

00:13:01.819 --> 00:13:02.220
 through many

00:13:02.220 --> 00:13:03.259
 secondary means,

00:13:04.039 --> 00:13:04.639
 in other words,

00:13:04.699 --> 00:13:05.539
 through His providence,

00:13:06.199 --> 00:13:06.860
 I don't think

00:13:06.860 --> 00:13:07.519
 we can approach

00:13:07.519 --> 00:13:08.279
 this event

00:13:08.279 --> 00:13:09.240
 and reinterpret

00:13:09.240 --> 00:13:10.500
 the special activity

00:13:10.500 --> 00:13:11.019
 of God

00:13:11.019 --> 00:13:11.620
 that way.

00:13:12.379 --> 00:13:12.620
 Okay?

00:13:12.879 --> 00:13:13.819
 We can't really

00:13:13.819 --> 00:13:15.340
 reinterpret

00:13:15.340 --> 00:13:16.120
 the special activity

00:13:16.120 --> 00:13:16.600
 of God

00:13:16.600 --> 00:13:17.019
 away.

00:13:17.019 --> 00:13:19.159
 We need to

00:13:19.159 --> 00:13:19.980
 affirm our

00:13:19.980 --> 00:13:20.840
 common sense

00:13:20.840 --> 00:13:21.279
 intuition

00:13:21.279 --> 00:13:22.620
 that human beings

00:13:22.620 --> 00:13:23.939
 are significantly

00:13:23.939 --> 00:13:25.019
 different than

00:13:25.019 --> 00:13:25.740
 other beings

00:13:25.740 --> 00:13:26.579
 and these

00:13:26.579 --> 00:13:27.179
 differences are

00:13:27.179 --> 00:13:28.079
 not adequately

00:13:28.079 --> 00:13:28.939
 explained

00:13:28.939 --> 00:13:30.299
 by secondary

00:13:30.299 --> 00:13:31.159
 means alone.

00:13:31.860 --> 00:13:32.620
 That there

00:13:32.620 --> 00:13:33.539
 is indeed

00:13:33.539 --> 00:13:34.960
 a gulf

00:13:34.960 --> 00:13:35.740
 or gap

00:13:35.740 --> 00:13:36.759
 between what

00:13:36.759 --> 00:13:38.019
 we would expect

00:13:38.019 --> 00:13:38.600
 to occur

00:13:38.600 --> 00:13:39.100
 through natural

00:13:39.100 --> 00:13:39.759
 means and the

00:13:39.759 --> 00:13:40.480
 results we have

00:13:40.480 --> 00:13:41.079
 observed here,

00:13:41.220 --> 00:13:41.600
 which is,

00:13:41.819 --> 00:13:42.279
 in this case,

00:13:43.039 --> 00:13:43.340
 us,

00:13:43.500 --> 00:13:43.720
 humans.

00:13:43.720 --> 00:13:45.580
 There's

00:13:45.580 --> 00:13:45.920
 something

00:13:45.920 --> 00:13:46.740
 special,

00:13:47.340 --> 00:13:47.800
 unique,

00:13:48.080 --> 00:13:49.240
 or extraordinary

00:13:49.240 --> 00:13:50.200
 in God's

00:13:50.200 --> 00:13:51.160
 relationship to

00:13:51.160 --> 00:13:51.759
 humans as

00:13:51.759 --> 00:13:52.240
 opposed to

00:13:52.240 --> 00:13:52.720
 the other

00:13:52.720 --> 00:13:53.160
 animals.

00:13:53.700 --> 00:13:53.840
 Right?

00:13:54.660 --> 00:13:55.320
 I don't want

00:13:55.320 --> 00:13:55.759
 to spend too

00:13:55.759 --> 00:13:56.220
 much time on

00:13:56.220 --> 00:13:56.680
 this point

00:13:56.680 --> 00:13:57.120
 because,

00:13:57.580 --> 00:13:57.720
 one,

00:13:57.779 --> 00:13:58.120
 I think it's

00:13:58.120 --> 00:13:58.840
 pretty self-evident

00:13:58.840 --> 00:13:59.279
 if we think

00:13:59.279 --> 00:13:59.680
 about it,

00:13:59.899 --> 00:14:00.399
 that humans

00:14:00.399 --> 00:14:00.779
 are different

00:14:00.779 --> 00:14:01.120
 than other

00:14:01.120 --> 00:14:01.460
 animals,

00:14:01.800 --> 00:14:02.259
 and,

00:14:02.420 --> 00:14:02.519
 two,

00:14:02.580 --> 00:14:02.940
 I don't want

00:14:02.940 --> 00:14:03.540
 to step

00:14:03.540 --> 00:14:03.920
 on Pastor

00:14:03.920 --> 00:14:04.480
 Nick's toes

00:14:04.480 --> 00:14:05.220
 because next

00:14:05.220 --> 00:14:05.860
 week we're

00:14:05.860 --> 00:14:06.240
 discussing

00:14:06.240 --> 00:14:06.519
 the image

00:14:06.519 --> 00:14:06.899
 of God.

00:14:07.180 --> 00:14:07.379
 So,

00:14:08.139 --> 00:14:08.740
 I'll leave

00:14:08.740 --> 00:14:09.440
 that to him.

00:14:10.740 --> 00:14:11.759
 If we deny

00:14:11.759 --> 00:14:12.740
 this understanding

00:14:12.740 --> 00:14:13.639
 of humans,

00:14:13.720 --> 00:14:14.500
 that God

00:14:14.500 --> 00:14:15.060
 made us,

00:14:15.779 --> 00:14:16.220
 then we're

00:14:16.220 --> 00:14:16.879
 going to

00:14:16.879 --> 00:14:17.940
 inevitably end

00:14:17.940 --> 00:14:18.940
 up blurring

00:14:18.940 --> 00:14:19.540
 the real

00:14:19.540 --> 00:14:20.060
 distinctions

00:14:20.060 --> 00:14:21.399
 between humans

00:14:21.399 --> 00:14:21.940
 and other

00:14:21.940 --> 00:14:22.680
 created beings.

00:14:23.420 --> 00:14:23.540
 Okay?

00:14:23.639 --> 00:14:25.139
 I think you

00:14:25.139 --> 00:14:25.720
 see this

00:14:25.720 --> 00:14:26.160
 happening,

00:14:26.440 --> 00:14:27.040
 it's very

00:14:27.040 --> 00:14:27.540
 obvious when

00:14:27.540 --> 00:14:27.899
 you see this

00:14:27.899 --> 00:14:28.200
 happening,

00:14:28.240 --> 00:14:28.580
 when there's

00:14:28.580 --> 00:14:29.139
 a blurred

00:14:29.139 --> 00:14:30.139
 line between

00:14:30.139 --> 00:14:30.720
 humans and

00:14:30.720 --> 00:14:31.139
 other animals.

00:14:31.240 --> 00:14:32.080
 I think the

00:14:32.080 --> 00:14:33.860
 text today is

00:14:33.860 --> 00:14:34.899
 reinforcing something

00:14:34.899 --> 00:14:35.680
 that God

00:14:35.680 --> 00:14:36.300
 made us

00:14:36.300 --> 00:14:36.860
 different.

00:14:37.139 --> 00:14:37.700
 God made

00:14:37.700 --> 00:14:38.340
 us special.

00:14:39.100 --> 00:14:39.160
 Okay?

00:14:40.759 --> 00:14:41.820
 So that's

00:14:41.820 --> 00:14:42.960
 non-negotiable

00:14:42.960 --> 00:14:43.340
 number one.

00:14:44.379 --> 00:14:45.660
 Non-negotiable

00:14:45.660 --> 00:14:46.700
 number two

00:14:46.700 --> 00:14:49.019
 is the

00:14:49.019 --> 00:14:49.600
 historical

00:14:49.600 --> 00:14:50.460
 existence

00:14:50.460 --> 00:14:51.620
 of Adam

00:14:51.620 --> 00:14:51.860
 and Eve

00:14:51.860 --> 00:14:52.259
 and the

00:14:52.259 --> 00:14:52.540
 fall.

00:14:53.500 --> 00:14:53.740
 Okay?

00:14:54.300 --> 00:14:54.960
 So work

00:14:54.960 --> 00:14:55.180
 with me

00:14:55.180 --> 00:14:55.360
 here.

00:14:56.279 --> 00:14:56.600
 So,

00:14:56.940 --> 00:14:57.759
 I think

00:14:57.759 --> 00:14:58.160
 we're brought

00:14:58.160 --> 00:14:58.639
 to this

00:14:58.639 --> 00:15:00.320
 point through

00:15:00.320 --> 00:15:00.920
 careful reading

00:15:00.920 --> 00:15:01.420
 of the passage

00:15:01.419 --> 00:15:02.579
 that Adam

00:15:02.579 --> 00:15:03.159
 and Eve

00:15:03.159 --> 00:15:03.779
 are historical

00:15:03.779 --> 00:15:04.279
 personages.

00:15:04.819 --> 00:15:05.399
 Figures that

00:15:05.399 --> 00:15:05.979
 are included

00:15:05.979 --> 00:15:07.000
 in genealogies

00:15:07.000 --> 00:15:08.039
 are said to

00:15:08.039 --> 00:15:08.719
 move and

00:15:08.719 --> 00:15:09.379
 act as

00:15:09.379 --> 00:15:09.919
 individuals

00:15:09.919 --> 00:15:10.719
 and have

00:15:10.719 --> 00:15:11.679
 affected humanity

00:15:11.679 --> 00:15:12.779
 in ways that

00:15:12.779 --> 00:15:13.759
 exist today.

00:15:14.759 --> 00:15:15.699
 There are many

00:15:15.699 --> 00:15:16.360
 passages of

00:15:16.360 --> 00:15:16.779
 Scripture that

00:15:16.779 --> 00:15:17.559
 seem to depend

00:15:17.559 --> 00:15:18.199
 on this truth.

00:15:18.719 --> 00:15:19.339
 Not only do we

00:15:19.339 --> 00:15:19.839
 have the passage

00:15:19.839 --> 00:15:20.319
 we considered

00:15:20.319 --> 00:15:20.719
 earlier,

00:15:21.240 --> 00:15:21.519
 right, where

00:15:21.519 --> 00:15:22.299
 Adam and Eve,

00:15:22.399 --> 00:15:23.120
 Adam is walking

00:15:23.120 --> 00:15:23.599
 around saying

00:15:23.599 --> 00:15:24.279
 things, right,

00:15:24.279 --> 00:15:25.500
 but we have

00:15:25.500 --> 00:15:26.059
 the continuing

00:15:26.059 --> 00:15:26.919
 narrative of

00:15:26.919 --> 00:15:27.419
 Adam and his

00:15:27.419 --> 00:15:28.299
 family all the

00:15:28.299 --> 00:15:28.579
 way through

00:15:28.579 --> 00:15:29.379
 Genesis 5,

00:15:29.740 --> 00:15:30.100
 right, with

00:15:30.100 --> 00:15:30.819
 the Cain and

00:15:30.819 --> 00:15:31.759
 Abel narratives,

00:15:31.919 --> 00:15:32.240
 etc.

00:15:32.240 --> 00:15:34.259
 And this

00:15:34.259 --> 00:15:34.799
 narrative,

00:15:35.419 --> 00:15:35.980
 the continuing

00:15:35.980 --> 00:15:36.580
 narrative through

00:15:36.580 --> 00:15:37.240
 Genesis 5,

00:15:37.700 --> 00:15:38.620
 connects through

00:15:38.620 --> 00:15:39.399
 genealogies to

00:15:39.399 --> 00:15:39.960
 all the

00:15:39.960 --> 00:15:40.460
 subsequent

00:15:40.460 --> 00:15:41.620
 accounts of

00:15:41.620 --> 00:15:42.200
 undoubtedly

00:15:42.200 --> 00:15:43.139
 historical people

00:15:43.139 --> 00:15:43.700
 like Abraham.

00:15:44.820 --> 00:15:45.340
 So, I think

00:15:45.340 --> 00:15:46.940
 it would be a

00:15:46.940 --> 00:15:47.680
 bad reading of

00:15:47.680 --> 00:15:48.460
 the text to

00:15:48.460 --> 00:15:49.779
 wave off what

00:15:49.779 --> 00:15:50.440
 the account, I

00:15:50.440 --> 00:15:50.940
 think, is

00:15:50.940 --> 00:15:52.060
 clearly intending

00:15:52.060 --> 00:15:53.259
 to communicate,

00:15:53.799 --> 00:15:55.379
 which is that

00:15:55.379 --> 00:15:55.860
 Adam and Eve

00:15:55.860 --> 00:15:56.940
 were actual

00:15:56.940 --> 00:15:57.279
 people.

00:15:58.360 --> 00:15:58.879
 But more

00:15:58.879 --> 00:15:59.659
 importantly, the

00:15:59.659 --> 00:16:00.600
 historical existence

00:16:00.600 --> 00:16:01.159
 of Adam and

00:16:01.159 --> 00:16:01.539
 Eve,

00:16:01.539 --> 00:16:02.819
 supports the

00:16:02.819 --> 00:16:03.919
 historical event

00:16:03.919 --> 00:16:04.899
 of the fall.

00:16:05.500 --> 00:16:06.740
 And this is a

00:16:06.740 --> 00:16:07.360
 first-ranked

00:16:07.360 --> 00:16:08.059
 primary doctrine,

00:16:08.559 --> 00:16:08.839
 right?

00:16:09.319 --> 00:16:10.299
 I told you that

00:16:10.299 --> 00:16:11.699
 as we go through

00:16:11.699 --> 00:16:12.519
 human origins,

00:16:12.639 --> 00:16:12.959
 we're going to be

00:16:12.959 --> 00:16:13.740
 hitting up, we're

00:16:13.740 --> 00:16:13.939
 going to be

00:16:13.939 --> 00:16:14.759
 bumping up into

00:16:14.759 --> 00:16:15.579
 primary doctrines.

00:16:15.699 --> 00:16:16.219
 This is one of

00:16:16.219 --> 00:16:16.459
 those.

00:16:17.379 --> 00:16:18.839
 The fall is a

00:16:18.839 --> 00:16:19.639
 first-ranked

00:16:19.639 --> 00:16:20.339
 primary doctrine.

00:16:21.719 --> 00:16:22.659
 Do I say this

00:16:22.659 --> 00:16:23.339
 because I'm just

00:16:23.339 --> 00:16:24.839
 a downer on

00:16:24.839 --> 00:16:25.360
 human nature?

00:16:26.599 --> 00:16:27.120
 No,

00:16:27.719 --> 00:16:28.599
 though maybe I

00:16:28.599 --> 00:16:28.839
 am.

00:16:29.319 --> 00:16:30.279
 But, no, it's

00:16:30.279 --> 00:16:31.159
 crucial we affirm

00:16:31.159 --> 00:16:31.939
 this because the

00:16:31.939 --> 00:16:33.059
 Bible affirms it.

00:16:33.959 --> 00:16:34.079
 Okay?

00:16:35.219 --> 00:16:35.959
 Many who would

00:16:35.959 --> 00:16:36.899
 seek to minimize

00:16:36.899 --> 00:16:37.679
 the historical

00:16:37.679 --> 00:16:38.779
 import of the

00:16:38.779 --> 00:16:39.319
 Adam and Eve

00:16:39.319 --> 00:16:40.000
 narrative will

00:16:40.000 --> 00:16:40.699
 point out that

00:16:40.699 --> 00:16:41.539
 some of the

00:16:41.539 --> 00:16:42.679
 references to

00:16:42.679 --> 00:16:43.379
 Adam in the

00:16:43.379 --> 00:16:43.860
 New Testament

00:16:43.860 --> 00:16:44.439
 could be

00:16:44.439 --> 00:16:45.659
 explained by

00:16:45.659 --> 00:16:46.620
 referring to a

00:16:46.620 --> 00:16:47.419
 literary character.

00:16:48.439 --> 00:16:48.620
 Right?

00:16:49.079 --> 00:16:49.699
 So, for instance,

00:16:49.980 --> 00:16:50.799
 when Christ is

00:16:50.799 --> 00:16:51.559
 arguing for the

00:16:51.559 --> 00:16:52.439
 inviability of

00:16:52.439 --> 00:16:53.079
 marriage in

00:16:53.079 --> 00:16:53.740
 Matthew 19,

00:16:54.339 --> 00:16:55.019
 he points to

00:16:55.019 --> 00:16:55.539
 this narrative

00:16:55.539 --> 00:16:56.740
 saying, the

00:16:56.740 --> 00:16:57.240
 narrative we just

00:16:57.240 --> 00:16:58.399
 read, he

00:16:58.399 --> 00:16:58.699
 points to the

00:16:58.699 --> 00:16:59.100
 narrative saying,

00:16:59.100 --> 00:17:00.060
 he answered,

00:17:00.300 --> 00:17:00.899
 have you not

00:17:00.899 --> 00:17:01.920
 read that he

00:17:01.920 --> 00:17:02.460
 who created

00:17:02.460 --> 00:17:02.920
 them from the

00:17:02.920 --> 00:17:03.460
 beginning made

00:17:03.460 --> 00:17:03.960
 them male and

00:17:03.960 --> 00:17:05.019
 female, and

00:17:05.019 --> 00:17:05.680
 said, therefore

00:17:05.680 --> 00:17:06.400
 a man shall

00:17:06.400 --> 00:17:06.900
 leave his

00:17:06.900 --> 00:17:07.420
 father and his

00:17:07.420 --> 00:17:08.200
 mother and

00:17:08.200 --> 00:17:08.860
 hold fast to

00:17:08.860 --> 00:17:09.339
 his wife and

00:17:09.339 --> 00:17:09.779
 the two should

00:17:09.779 --> 00:17:10.259
 become one

00:17:10.259 --> 00:17:10.640
 flesh.

00:17:11.079 --> 00:17:11.779
 So they are

00:17:11.779 --> 00:17:12.339
 no longer

00:17:12.339 --> 00:17:13.420
 two but one

00:17:13.420 --> 00:17:13.799
 flesh.

00:17:14.460 --> 00:17:15.160
 What therefore

00:17:15.160 --> 00:17:15.940
 God has joined

00:17:15.940 --> 00:17:16.579
 together, let

00:17:16.579 --> 00:17:17.079
 not man

00:17:17.079 --> 00:17:17.579
 separate.

00:17:18.319 --> 00:17:18.900
 Everybody, we're

00:17:18.900 --> 00:17:19.460
 all familiar with

00:17:19.460 --> 00:17:20.120
 that passage, very

00:17:20.120 --> 00:17:20.539
 famous.

00:17:21.460 --> 00:17:21.779
 Now, the

00:17:21.779 --> 00:17:22.240
 straightforward

00:17:22.240 --> 00:17:23.940
 understanding, I

00:17:23.940 --> 00:17:24.200
 think the

00:17:24.200 --> 00:17:24.819
 straightforward way to

00:17:24.819 --> 00:17:25.480
 understand this

00:17:25.480 --> 00:17:26.779
 text is to

00:17:26.779 --> 00:17:27.779
 affirm that Jesus

00:17:27.779 --> 00:17:28.519
 takes Adam and

00:17:28.519 --> 00:17:29.379
 Eve to be real

00:17:29.379 --> 00:17:30.720
 people, and

00:17:30.720 --> 00:17:31.700
 that these real

00:17:31.700 --> 00:17:32.700
 people set the

00:17:32.700 --> 00:17:33.819
 pattern for ideal

00:17:33.819 --> 00:17:35.160
 marriage, and I

00:17:35.160 --> 00:17:35.779
 think this is the

00:17:35.779 --> 00:17:36.379
 way I would take

00:17:36.379 --> 00:17:36.539
 it.

00:17:37.960 --> 00:17:39.420
 However, some

00:17:39.420 --> 00:17:40.480
 could say that

00:17:40.480 --> 00:17:41.240
 Jesus is merely

00:17:41.240 --> 00:17:42.000
 referring to the

00:17:42.000 --> 00:17:43.599
 story of Adam and

00:17:43.599 --> 00:17:44.639
 Eve as an

00:17:44.639 --> 00:17:45.779
 authoritative teaching

00:17:45.779 --> 00:17:47.019
 on marriage, while

00:17:47.019 --> 00:17:48.240
 not really commenting

00:17:48.240 --> 00:17:49.879
 on their historicity

00:17:49.879 --> 00:17:50.240
 at all.

00:17:51.539 --> 00:17:52.599
 In this view, it

00:17:52.599 --> 00:17:53.059
 would be sort of

00:17:53.059 --> 00:17:54.139
 like saying that

00:17:54.139 --> 00:17:55.859
 since Gandalf wisely

00:17:55.859 --> 00:17:57.079
 refused the ring of

00:17:57.079 --> 00:17:58.519
 power out of his

00:17:58.519 --> 00:17:59.139
 knowledge of the

00:17:59.139 --> 00:18:00.119
 corrupting nature of

00:18:00.119 --> 00:18:01.379
 power, we should

00:18:01.379 --> 00:18:02.379
 also refuse to take

00:18:02.379 --> 00:18:03.159
 on power without

00:18:03.159 --> 00:18:04.379
 serious trepidation

00:18:04.379 --> 00:18:04.960
 and humility.

00:18:06.159 --> 00:18:07.179
 You see how that

00:18:07.179 --> 00:18:07.919
 could work?

00:18:09.039 --> 00:18:09.799
 It's like you're

00:18:09.799 --> 00:18:11.079
 talking, it's an

00:18:11.079 --> 00:18:13.439
 application from a

00:18:13.439 --> 00:18:14.539
 work of influential

00:18:14.539 --> 00:18:15.119
 literature.

00:18:16.379 --> 00:18:16.579
 Right?

00:18:16.960 --> 00:18:18.379
 This is how some

00:18:18.379 --> 00:18:19.299
 try to argue that

00:18:19.299 --> 00:18:20.279
 the references to

00:18:20.279 --> 00:18:20.839
 Adam in the New

00:18:20.839 --> 00:18:21.539
 Testament aren't

00:18:21.539 --> 00:18:23.159
 actually meant to

00:18:23.159 --> 00:18:24.099
 convey that he's a

00:18:24.099 --> 00:18:25.799
 real person, are

00:18:25.799 --> 00:18:27.180
 just meant to

00:18:27.180 --> 00:18:28.220
 refer to that

00:18:28.220 --> 00:18:29.539
 original story, which

00:18:29.539 --> 00:18:30.659
 is in some sense

00:18:30.659 --> 00:18:31.319
 authoritative.

00:18:31.859 --> 00:18:31.960
 Right?

00:18:33.460 --> 00:18:36.039
 But, maybe this

00:18:36.039 --> 00:18:38.279
 may apply to some,

00:18:39.259 --> 00:18:41.059
 this may be a way to

00:18:41.059 --> 00:18:42.019
 understand some of the

00:18:42.019 --> 00:18:43.279
 passages in the New

00:18:43.279 --> 00:18:44.700
 Testament, but I

00:18:44.700 --> 00:18:46.480
 think it's just simply

00:18:46.480 --> 00:18:47.399
 not sufficient for

00:18:47.399 --> 00:18:47.899
 some of the most

00:18:47.899 --> 00:18:49.039
 pivotal passages in

00:18:49.039 --> 00:18:49.259
 Scripture.

00:18:50.460 --> 00:18:52.059
 Take, for example, the

00:18:52.059 --> 00:18:53.460
 passage in 1 Corinthians

00:18:53.460 --> 00:18:55.659
 15, where Paul is

00:18:55.659 --> 00:18:57.179
 making this crucial

00:18:57.179 --> 00:18:57.659
 argument.

00:18:58.599 --> 00:19:00.220
 But, in fact, Christ

00:19:00.220 --> 00:19:01.139
 has been raised from

00:19:01.139 --> 00:19:02.379
 the dead, the first

00:19:02.379 --> 00:19:03.299
 fruits of those who

00:19:03.299 --> 00:19:04.039
 have fallen asleep.

00:19:04.599 --> 00:19:06.279
 For as by a man came

00:19:06.279 --> 00:19:08.019
 death, by a man has

00:19:08.019 --> 00:19:09.539
 come also the

00:19:09.539 --> 00:19:10.359
 resurrection of the

00:19:10.359 --> 00:19:10.559
 dead.

00:19:11.220 --> 00:19:12.720
 For as in Adam all

00:19:12.720 --> 00:19:14.559
 die, so also in Christ

00:19:14.559 --> 00:19:15.579
 shall all be made

00:19:15.579 --> 00:19:16.000
 alive.

00:19:16.740 --> 00:19:17.839
 But each in his own

00:19:17.839 --> 00:19:18.099
 order.

00:19:18.740 --> 00:19:19.480
 Christ the first

00:19:19.480 --> 00:19:20.200
 fruits, then it is

00:19:20.200 --> 00:19:20.940
 coming those who

00:19:20.940 --> 00:19:21.720
 belong to Christ.

00:19:22.380 --> 00:19:23.559
 Then comes the end

00:19:23.559 --> 00:19:24.620
 when he delivers the

00:19:24.620 --> 00:19:25.579
 kingdom to God the

00:19:25.579 --> 00:19:26.539
 Father after destroying

00:19:26.539 --> 00:19:27.579
 every rule and every

00:19:27.579 --> 00:19:28.319
 authority and every

00:19:28.319 --> 00:19:28.700
 power.

00:19:29.860 --> 00:19:31.100
 And then, continuing a

00:19:31.100 --> 00:19:32.480
 few verses later, Paul

00:19:32.480 --> 00:19:33.420
 says, so it is with

00:19:33.420 --> 00:19:34.460
 the resurrection with

00:19:34.460 --> 00:19:34.799
 the dead.

00:19:35.440 --> 00:19:36.360
 What is sown is

00:19:36.360 --> 00:19:36.860
 perishable.

00:19:37.360 --> 00:19:38.720
 What is raised is

00:19:38.720 --> 00:19:39.660
 imperishable.

00:19:40.160 --> 00:19:41.460
 It is sown in

00:19:41.460 --> 00:19:42.019
 dishonor.

00:19:42.140 --> 00:19:42.980
 It is raised in

00:19:42.980 --> 00:19:43.259
 glory.

00:19:43.660 --> 00:19:44.740
 It is sown in

00:19:44.740 --> 00:19:45.120
 weakness.

00:19:45.120 --> 00:19:46.120
 It is raised in

00:19:46.120 --> 00:19:46.519
 power.

00:19:46.940 --> 00:19:47.920
 It is sown a

00:19:47.920 --> 00:19:48.819
 natural body.

00:19:49.319 --> 00:19:50.200
 It is raised a

00:19:50.200 --> 00:19:50.900
 spiritual body.

00:19:50.900 --> 00:19:52.140
 If there is a

00:19:52.140 --> 00:19:52.900
 natural body, then

00:19:52.900 --> 00:19:53.820
 there is also a

00:19:53.820 --> 00:19:54.400
 spiritual body.

00:19:55.460 --> 00:19:56.320
 Thus it is written,

00:19:56.700 --> 00:19:57.820
 the first man, Adam,

00:19:57.900 --> 00:19:58.540
 became a living

00:19:58.540 --> 00:19:58.900
 being.

00:19:59.480 --> 00:20:00.960
 The last Adam became

00:20:00.960 --> 00:20:02.220
 a life-giving spirit.

00:20:02.980 --> 00:20:04.080
 But it is not the

00:20:04.080 --> 00:20:05.180
 spiritual that is

00:20:05.180 --> 00:20:05.660
 first, but the

00:20:05.660 --> 00:20:06.680
 natural, and then

00:20:06.680 --> 00:20:07.100
 the spiritual.

00:20:07.099 --> 00:20:08.879
 The first man was

00:20:08.879 --> 00:20:09.779
 from the earth, a

00:20:09.779 --> 00:20:10.519
 man of dust.

00:20:10.879 --> 00:20:11.719
 The second man is

00:20:11.719 --> 00:20:12.240
 from heaven.

00:20:13.079 --> 00:20:13.939
 As with the man of

00:20:13.939 --> 00:20:14.819
 dust, so also are

00:20:14.819 --> 00:20:15.599
 those who are of

00:20:15.599 --> 00:20:15.980
 the dust.

00:20:16.399 --> 00:20:17.199
 And as is the man

00:20:17.199 --> 00:20:18.079
 of heaven, so also

00:20:18.079 --> 00:20:18.799
 are those who are of

00:20:18.799 --> 00:20:19.059
 heaven.

00:20:19.919 --> 00:20:21.919
 Just as we have

00:20:21.919 --> 00:20:22.939
 borne the image of

00:20:22.939 --> 00:20:24.279
 the man of dust, we

00:20:24.279 --> 00:20:25.319
 shall also bear the

00:20:25.319 --> 00:20:26.019
 image of the man of

00:20:26.019 --> 00:20:26.219
 heaven.

00:20:26.220 --> 00:20:29.660
 You guys see the

00:20:29.660 --> 00:20:30.539
 parallelism here?

00:20:31.740 --> 00:20:32.880
 I hope you can

00:20:32.880 --> 00:20:34.279
 appreciate the central

00:20:34.279 --> 00:20:36.480
 importance here of the

00:20:36.480 --> 00:20:37.400
 historical Adam.

00:20:38.120 --> 00:20:40.019
 This figure has

00:20:40.019 --> 00:20:41.319
 affected the state of

00:20:41.319 --> 00:20:42.500
 the world right now.

00:20:43.500 --> 00:20:43.620
 Right?

00:20:44.180 --> 00:20:46.900
 In reality, it can't

00:20:46.900 --> 00:20:48.299
 just be a literary

00:20:48.299 --> 00:20:48.880
 device.

00:20:49.400 --> 00:20:49.620
 Right?

00:20:49.619 --> 00:20:51.859
 I wouldn't say, I

00:20:51.859 --> 00:20:52.799
 have to pay taxes

00:20:52.799 --> 00:20:54.279
 now because Gandalf

00:20:54.279 --> 00:20:55.239
 refused the ring of

00:20:55.239 --> 00:20:55.559
 power.

00:20:56.539 --> 00:20:57.019
 It's like, oh,

00:20:57.139 --> 00:20:57.679
 nope, category

00:20:57.679 --> 00:20:58.179
 mistake.

00:20:58.739 --> 00:21:00.179
 Gandalf in the

00:21:00.179 --> 00:21:01.000
 story doesn't

00:21:01.000 --> 00:21:02.599
 affect my life here

00:21:02.599 --> 00:21:03.279
 in reality.

00:21:03.759 --> 00:21:04.159
 Does that make

00:21:04.159 --> 00:21:04.399
 sense?

00:21:04.919 --> 00:21:06.479
 So, here we're

00:21:06.479 --> 00:21:07.339
 seeing a parallel

00:21:07.339 --> 00:21:09.699
 between Adam, the

00:21:09.699 --> 00:21:11.859
 real person, whose

00:21:11.859 --> 00:21:13.899
 sin and fall in

00:21:13.899 --> 00:21:15.159
 nature we all

00:21:15.159 --> 00:21:16.339
 inherit, and then

00:21:16.339 --> 00:21:18.379
 our need for the

00:21:18.379 --> 00:21:19.079
 new Adam,

00:21:19.079 --> 00:21:19.839
 in Christ.

00:21:19.939 --> 00:21:20.359
 That's the

00:21:20.359 --> 00:21:20.919
 parallel that's

00:21:20.919 --> 00:21:21.480
 being driven in

00:21:21.480 --> 00:21:21.859
 the passage.

00:21:23.779 --> 00:21:24.879
 So, like I said,

00:21:25.159 --> 00:21:27.299
 this real fall that

00:21:27.299 --> 00:21:29.720
 Adam perpetrates has

00:21:29.720 --> 00:21:30.720
 led to a real

00:21:30.720 --> 00:21:31.980
 atonement, which is

00:21:31.980 --> 00:21:32.619
 the heart of the

00:21:32.619 --> 00:21:32.960
 gospel.

00:21:33.679 --> 00:21:33.779
 Right?

00:21:34.339 --> 00:21:35.099
 This is not

00:21:35.099 --> 00:21:35.599
 something we can

00:21:35.599 --> 00:21:36.199
 reject without

00:21:36.199 --> 00:21:36.980
 doing serious

00:21:36.980 --> 00:21:37.879
 damage to the

00:21:37.879 --> 00:21:39.220
 central claims of

00:21:39.220 --> 00:21:39.679
 Christianity.

00:21:41.679 --> 00:21:43.119
 So, that's not

00:21:43.119 --> 00:21:43.759
 negotiable number

00:21:43.759 --> 00:21:44.059
 two.

00:21:45.039 --> 00:21:45.819
 That there was a

00:21:45.819 --> 00:21:47.460
 historical figure,

00:21:47.819 --> 00:21:48.480
 Adam and Eve,

00:21:48.480 --> 00:21:50.079
 figures, Adam and

00:21:50.079 --> 00:21:50.680
 Eve, and that there

00:21:50.680 --> 00:21:51.380
 was a real

00:21:51.380 --> 00:21:52.099
 historical fall.

00:21:52.980 --> 00:21:53.079
 Okay?

00:21:54.440 --> 00:21:55.480
 Non-negotiable

00:21:55.480 --> 00:21:56.579
 number three.

00:21:57.819 --> 00:21:58.799
 Adam and Eve are

00:21:58.799 --> 00:22:00.559
 our progenitors.

00:22:01.839 --> 00:22:02.279
 Progenitors.

00:22:03.339 --> 00:22:05.000
 So, I believe,

00:22:05.120 --> 00:22:05.620
 finally, I believe

00:22:05.620 --> 00:22:06.380
 that we must

00:22:06.380 --> 00:22:06.980
 affirm that Adam

00:22:06.980 --> 00:22:07.519
 and Eve are at

00:22:07.519 --> 00:22:08.799
 the headwaters of

00:22:08.799 --> 00:22:09.279
 humanity.

00:22:09.819 --> 00:22:10.720
 That they are the

00:22:10.720 --> 00:22:11.720
 progenitors of all

00:22:11.720 --> 00:22:12.980
 human beings, and

00:22:12.980 --> 00:22:13.539
 that we are all

00:22:13.539 --> 00:22:14.420
 connected in the

00:22:14.420 --> 00:22:14.920
 fact that we are

00:22:14.920 --> 00:22:16.400
 sons of Adam and

00:22:16.400 --> 00:22:17.180
 daughters of Eve.

00:22:17.180 --> 00:22:17.240
 Eve.

00:22:18.039 --> 00:22:19.080
 This seems to be

00:22:19.080 --> 00:22:19.820
 the implication of

00:22:19.820 --> 00:22:20.600
 the naming of Eve

00:22:20.600 --> 00:22:22.460
 in Genesis 3, where

00:22:22.460 --> 00:22:23.580
 Adam names her as

00:22:23.580 --> 00:22:24.580
 the mother of all

00:22:24.580 --> 00:22:24.820
 living.

00:22:25.740 --> 00:22:25.920
 Right?

00:22:26.820 --> 00:22:28.060
 I think further, this

00:22:28.060 --> 00:22:29.420
 seems to be implied in

00:22:29.420 --> 00:22:30.240
 passages such as

00:22:30.240 --> 00:22:32.080
 Romans 5, where Paul

00:22:32.080 --> 00:22:32.560
 says,

00:22:32.559 --> 00:22:34.899
 Therefore, just as sin

00:22:34.899 --> 00:22:35.679
 came into the world

00:22:35.679 --> 00:22:37.179
 through one man, and

00:22:37.179 --> 00:22:38.599
 death through sin, and

00:22:38.599 --> 00:22:39.819
 so death spread to all

00:22:39.819 --> 00:22:41.619
 men, because all sin, for

00:22:41.619 --> 00:22:42.480
 sin indeed was in the

00:22:42.480 --> 00:22:43.139
 world before the law

00:22:43.139 --> 00:22:44.759
 was given, but sin is

00:22:44.759 --> 00:22:45.539
 not counted where there

00:22:45.539 --> 00:22:46.059
 is no law.

00:22:47.059 --> 00:22:48.220
 Yet death reigned from

00:22:48.220 --> 00:22:49.419
 Adam to Moses, even

00:22:49.419 --> 00:22:50.559
 over those whose sinning

00:22:50.559 --> 00:22:51.159
 was not like the

00:22:51.159 --> 00:22:52.720
 transgression of Adam, who

00:22:52.720 --> 00:22:53.919
 was a type of the one

00:22:53.919 --> 00:22:54.579
 who was to come.

00:22:55.339 --> 00:22:56.899
 But the free gift is

00:22:56.899 --> 00:22:58.039
 not like the trespass.

00:22:58.039 --> 00:22:59.759
 For if many died

00:22:59.759 --> 00:23:00.619
 through one man's

00:23:00.619 --> 00:23:02.399
 trespass, much more

00:23:02.399 --> 00:23:03.319
 have the grace of God

00:23:03.319 --> 00:23:04.259
 and the free gift by

00:23:04.259 --> 00:23:05.740
 grace of that one man

00:23:05.740 --> 00:23:06.839
 Jesus Christ abounded

00:23:06.839 --> 00:23:07.359
 for many.

00:23:08.159 --> 00:23:09.339
 And the free gift is

00:23:09.339 --> 00:23:10.200
 not like the result of

00:23:10.200 --> 00:23:11.099
 that one man's sin.

00:23:11.420 --> 00:23:12.059
 For the judgment

00:23:12.059 --> 00:23:13.420
 following one trespass

00:23:13.420 --> 00:23:14.539
 brought condemnation,

00:23:14.879 --> 00:23:15.940
 but the free gift of

00:23:15.940 --> 00:23:17.019
 following many

00:23:17.019 --> 00:23:18.420
 trespasses brought

00:23:18.420 --> 00:23:18.980
 justification.

00:23:20.139 --> 00:23:21.399
 For if, because of

00:23:21.399 --> 00:23:22.299
 one man's trespass,

00:23:22.399 --> 00:23:23.180
 death reigned through

00:23:23.180 --> 00:23:26.759
 that one man, much

00:23:26.759 --> 00:23:27.839
 more will those who

00:23:27.839 --> 00:23:28.839
 receive the abundance

00:23:28.839 --> 00:23:29.740
 of grace and the

00:23:29.740 --> 00:23:30.259
 free gift of

00:23:30.259 --> 00:23:31.419
 righteousness reign in

00:23:31.419 --> 00:23:32.699
 life through the one

00:23:32.699 --> 00:23:33.579
 man Jesus Christ.

00:23:34.259 --> 00:23:35.500
 You guys start seeing

00:23:35.500 --> 00:23:36.559
 in the passage already

00:23:36.559 --> 00:23:37.939
 that second non-negotiable,

00:23:38.379 --> 00:23:39.019
 this feeling that

00:23:39.019 --> 00:23:39.559
 there's a real

00:23:39.559 --> 00:23:40.299
 historical Adam,

00:23:40.879 --> 00:23:41.379
 there was a real

00:23:41.379 --> 00:23:41.740
 fall.

00:23:42.599 --> 00:23:43.879
 Now, therefore, as

00:23:43.879 --> 00:23:44.980
 one trespass led to

00:23:44.980 --> 00:23:48.240
 condemnation for all

00:23:48.240 --> 00:23:50.659
 men, so one act of

00:23:50.659 --> 00:23:51.720
 righteousness leads to

00:23:51.720 --> 00:23:52.839
 justification in life

00:23:52.839 --> 00:23:53.659
 for all men.

00:23:54.500 --> 00:23:55.480
 For as by the one

00:23:55.480 --> 00:23:56.819
 man's disobedience, the

00:23:56.819 --> 00:23:57.659
 many were made

00:23:57.660 --> 00:23:59.000
 sinners, so by the

00:23:59.000 --> 00:24:00.019
 one man's obedience,

00:24:00.340 --> 00:24:01.540
 the many will be made

00:24:01.540 --> 00:24:01.880
 righteous.

00:24:02.960 --> 00:24:03.620
 You guys see there,

00:24:03.820 --> 00:24:05.620
 so in some sense,

00:24:06.259 --> 00:24:08.120
 all humans are in

00:24:08.120 --> 00:24:10.759
 Adam, are represented

00:24:10.759 --> 00:24:12.240
 and led by him.

00:24:14.019 --> 00:24:15.800
 This unifies all

00:24:15.800 --> 00:24:17.100
 humanity in solidarity

00:24:17.100 --> 00:24:19.060
 in sin, and also

00:24:19.060 --> 00:24:20.600
 unites all of us in

00:24:20.600 --> 00:24:21.340
 our need for the new

00:24:21.340 --> 00:24:21.620
 Adam.

00:24:22.240 --> 00:24:23.360
 Without this peace, we

00:24:23.360 --> 00:24:24.300
 could be left scratching

00:24:24.300 --> 00:24:25.400
 our heads over whether

00:24:25.400 --> 00:24:26.420
 Native Americans need

00:24:26.420 --> 00:24:27.860
 salvation, or whether

00:24:27.860 --> 00:24:29.000
 Aboriginals in Australia

00:24:29.000 --> 00:24:30.080
 need salvation, right?

00:24:30.120 --> 00:24:31.640
 These sort of distinct

00:24:31.640 --> 00:24:34.019
 people groups that are

00:24:34.019 --> 00:24:35.080
 separated by time and

00:24:35.080 --> 00:24:35.460
 place.

00:24:36.860 --> 00:24:38.740
 Not to mention, if we

00:24:38.740 --> 00:24:39.620
 deny this, we would

00:24:39.620 --> 00:24:42.800
 damage our conception of

00:24:42.800 --> 00:24:44.160
 the image of God and

00:24:44.160 --> 00:24:46.000
 things like universal

00:24:46.000 --> 00:24:46.780
 human rights.

00:24:47.620 --> 00:24:49.420
 If we're not all one

00:24:49.420 --> 00:24:50.900
 family, if we're all not

00:24:50.900 --> 00:24:53.140
 connected somehow in

00:24:53.140 --> 00:24:56.240
 Adam, then there are

00:24:56.240 --> 00:24:57.500
 different kinds of

00:24:57.500 --> 00:24:57.800
 humans.

00:24:58.280 --> 00:25:00.759
 Different human, you

00:25:00.759 --> 00:25:01.759
 know, different, does

00:25:01.759 --> 00:25:02.280
 that make sense?

00:25:02.460 --> 00:25:03.019
 Am I making sense

00:25:03.019 --> 00:25:03.120
 here?

00:25:03.180 --> 00:25:03.880
 Different kinds of

00:25:03.880 --> 00:25:04.080
 humans.

00:25:04.840 --> 00:25:06.380
 So this is, I think, a

00:25:06.380 --> 00:25:07.380
 crucial part of the

00:25:07.380 --> 00:25:08.560
 narrative as we receive

00:25:08.560 --> 00:25:09.900
 it today, right?

00:25:10.540 --> 00:25:12.000
 So, going over our

00:25:12.000 --> 00:25:12.680
 three non-negotiable,

00:25:12.800 --> 00:25:13.700
 God made us.

00:25:14.940 --> 00:25:16.360
 There are historical

00:25:16.360 --> 00:25:17.420
 personages, Adam and

00:25:17.420 --> 00:25:18.100
 Eve, and there was a

00:25:18.099 --> 00:25:20.740
 real fall, and three,

00:25:21.419 --> 00:25:22.579
 this Adam and Eve were

00:25:22.579 --> 00:25:24.240
 the progenitors of all

00:25:24.240 --> 00:25:26.159
 that follow, okay, in

00:25:26.159 --> 00:25:26.639
 some sense.

00:25:28.299 --> 00:25:31.119
 So, we all agree.

00:25:31.599 --> 00:25:31.859
 Good.

00:25:32.279 --> 00:25:32.939
 Let's break.

00:25:33.939 --> 00:25:35.199
 Now, so, into this

00:25:35.199 --> 00:25:37.019
 place of agreement, we

00:25:37.019 --> 00:25:37.980
 must thrust...

00:25:37.980 --> 00:25:38.519
 I have a question.

00:25:38.719 --> 00:25:39.279
 Oh, yeah, go ahead,

00:25:39.339 --> 00:25:39.459
 Richard.

00:25:40.459 --> 00:25:42.480
 So, if we invert that

00:25:42.480 --> 00:25:44.899
 third point, so my

00:25:44.899 --> 00:25:45.759
 question is, is it

00:25:45.759 --> 00:25:46.319
 invertible?

00:25:46.319 --> 00:25:47.919
 Can we say we are the

00:25:47.919 --> 00:25:49.700
 literal descendants of

00:25:49.700 --> 00:25:49.960
 Adam?

00:25:51.619 --> 00:25:52.939
 We'll get into that in a

00:25:52.939 --> 00:25:53.279
 little bit.

00:25:54.039 --> 00:25:54.619
 I think...

00:25:54.619 --> 00:25:55.099
 Oh, so it's not

00:25:55.099 --> 00:25:55.480
 converted.

00:25:56.240 --> 00:25:58.439
 I think there has to be

00:25:58.439 --> 00:25:59.740
 a sense in which we are

00:25:59.740 --> 00:26:01.960
 all in Adam, right?

00:26:02.579 --> 00:26:04.179
 Now, there is, I think, a

00:26:04.179 --> 00:26:05.159
 little bit of wiggle room

00:26:05.159 --> 00:26:08.799
 into the genealogical and

00:26:08.799 --> 00:26:11.099
 or genetic descendants

00:26:11.099 --> 00:26:12.379
 piece.

00:26:12.500 --> 00:26:13.439
 I think it'll make more

00:26:13.439 --> 00:26:14.039
 sense in a little bit.

00:26:14.139 --> 00:26:14.399
 Okay.

00:26:14.400 --> 00:26:14.759
 Yeah.

00:26:19.000 --> 00:26:19.620
 Let's see.

00:26:19.759 --> 00:26:20.960
 Okay, so we have to

00:26:20.960 --> 00:26:22.900
 actually now deal with

00:26:22.900 --> 00:26:24.080
 sort of the confounding

00:26:24.080 --> 00:26:27.040
 variable, which is what

00:26:27.040 --> 00:26:28.120
 we make of the current

00:26:28.120 --> 00:26:29.940
 evolutionary story of human

00:26:29.940 --> 00:26:31.300
 origins as we receive it.

00:26:32.120 --> 00:26:32.400
 Right?

00:26:32.920 --> 00:26:34.920
 I think we're all probably

00:26:34.920 --> 00:26:37.200
 mildly familiar with this

00:26:37.200 --> 00:26:37.540
 story.

00:26:37.960 --> 00:26:39.900
 We're in, through a long,

00:26:40.180 --> 00:26:41.759
 unguided process of

00:26:41.759 --> 00:26:43.039
 mutation and natural

00:26:43.039 --> 00:26:45.220
 selection, humans evolved

00:26:45.220 --> 00:26:46.339
 through a number of

00:26:46.339 --> 00:26:47.900
 intermediate steps from

00:26:47.900 --> 00:26:49.160
 some common ancestor of

00:26:49.160 --> 00:26:49.740
 the primates.

00:26:50.160 --> 00:26:51.180
 And this is based in part

00:26:51.180 --> 00:26:52.900
 on the fossil evidence of

00:26:52.900 --> 00:26:54.259
 hominids and hominin

00:26:54.259 --> 00:26:54.819
 groups.

00:26:55.980 --> 00:26:57.960
 Further, this changing

00:26:57.960 --> 00:26:59.819
 population of pre-humans

00:26:59.819 --> 00:27:01.220
 never could have reached a

00:27:01.220 --> 00:27:02.519
 population of less than a

00:27:02.519 --> 00:27:04.819
 thousand individuals based on

00:27:04.819 --> 00:27:06.500
 current human genetic

00:27:06.500 --> 00:27:07.039
 diversity.

00:27:08.799 --> 00:27:10.400
 These two assertions from the

00:27:10.400 --> 00:27:11.740
 sciences that humans

00:27:11.740 --> 00:27:13.539
 developed from prior animal

00:27:13.539 --> 00:27:15.359
 life in some way and that

00:27:15.359 --> 00:27:16.599
 there was a large starting

00:27:16.599 --> 00:27:18.359
 population of original humans

00:27:18.359 --> 00:27:20.220
 are the ones that we actually

00:27:20.220 --> 00:27:21.160
 need to contend with in our

00:27:21.160 --> 00:27:22.220
 thinking about human origins

00:27:22.220 --> 00:27:22.720
 today.

00:27:22.720 --> 00:27:26.980
 Of course, just like any

00:27:26.980 --> 00:27:28.940
 assertion made from any

00:27:28.940 --> 00:27:30.779
 quarter, we must think

00:27:30.779 --> 00:27:32.519
 carefully about the actual

00:27:32.519 --> 00:27:34.480
 evidence supporting the

00:27:34.480 --> 00:27:36.220
 story and not accept the

00:27:36.220 --> 00:27:38.940
 story itself as the facts.

00:27:39.759 --> 00:27:39.880
 Okay?

00:27:40.579 --> 00:27:42.299
 This story, this evolutionary

00:27:42.299 --> 00:27:43.680
 story that we have received,

00:27:44.120 --> 00:27:46.440
 is a certain kind of

00:27:46.440 --> 00:27:48.839
 inference made from the

00:27:48.839 --> 00:27:49.200
 evidence.

00:27:49.579 --> 00:27:50.860
 And it is our duty as

00:27:50.860 --> 00:27:51.740
 thinking individuals to

00:27:51.740 --> 00:27:53.180
 investigate the evidence and

00:27:53.180 --> 00:27:55.000
 test the strength of these

00:27:55.000 --> 00:27:55.620
 inferences.

00:27:56.200 --> 00:27:56.960
 Does that make sense?

00:27:57.660 --> 00:27:59.039
 I think a lot of times

00:27:59.039 --> 00:28:00.559
 scientists have a bad

00:28:00.559 --> 00:28:03.519
 habit of presenting a

00:28:03.519 --> 00:28:07.460
 story, their inference from

00:28:07.460 --> 00:28:09.660
 the data that we have,

00:28:10.620 --> 00:28:12.480
 presenting that story as if

00:28:12.480 --> 00:28:14.599
 it is the evidence that we

00:28:14.599 --> 00:28:14.900
 have.

00:28:15.299 --> 00:28:15.480
 Right?

00:28:16.319 --> 00:28:18.160
 But that's not actually

00:28:18.160 --> 00:28:18.400
 true.

00:28:18.500 --> 00:28:20.000
 It's actually we're making

00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:22.619
 conclusions based on the

00:28:22.619 --> 00:28:24.079
 evidence that we see, and

00:28:24.079 --> 00:28:25.299
 one of those conclusions

00:28:25.299 --> 00:28:26.599
 could be strung together in

00:28:26.599 --> 00:28:27.480
 this kind of story.

00:28:27.900 --> 00:28:29.140
 The story is not the facts.

00:28:31.180 --> 00:28:35.119
 So, what are we to make of

00:28:35.119 --> 00:28:35.700
 these assertions?

00:28:37.000 --> 00:28:39.019
 I think for one, the

00:28:39.019 --> 00:28:40.579
 argument for the sequence and

00:28:40.579 --> 00:28:42.220
 timing of the evolution of

00:28:42.220 --> 00:28:43.960
 humans based on fossil

00:28:43.960 --> 00:28:47.019
 evidence, in my opinion, is

00:28:47.019 --> 00:28:48.720
 spectacularly opaque.

00:28:50.200 --> 00:28:52.460
 It changes in radical ways from

00:28:52.460 --> 00:28:53.400
 the addition of new data,

00:28:54.259 --> 00:28:55.359
 which should indicate us that

00:28:55.359 --> 00:28:57.379
 we don't need to take these

00:28:57.379 --> 00:28:58.400
 pronouncements with a firm

00:28:58.400 --> 00:28:58.680
 hand.

00:28:59.299 --> 00:28:59.440
 Okay?

00:28:59.700 --> 00:29:01.619
 Anybody who has spent a lot of

00:29:01.619 --> 00:29:02.700
 time looking at the

00:29:02.700 --> 00:29:05.000
 paleontological, anthropological

00:29:05.000 --> 00:29:08.440
 data of fossil transition of

00:29:08.440 --> 00:29:11.619
 pre-humans into humans will know

00:29:11.619 --> 00:29:13.000
 that if you look at the history of

00:29:13.000 --> 00:29:15.059
 it, the branches are like

00:29:15.059 --> 00:29:17.000
 swapping all over the place, and

00:29:17.000 --> 00:29:18.519
 even currently, there are

00:29:18.519 --> 00:29:20.279
 probably five different

00:29:20.279 --> 00:29:22.379
 competing arguments over where

00:29:22.379 --> 00:29:23.099
 the branches are.

00:29:23.440 --> 00:29:24.980
 This guy's like, oh, this guy is

00:29:24.980 --> 00:29:26.379
 over here, and this other one's

00:29:26.379 --> 00:29:27.299
 like, oh, this guy's over here,

00:29:27.319 --> 00:29:28.039
 and this guy's like, I don't

00:29:28.039 --> 00:29:28.839
 think these guys exist.

00:29:28.960 --> 00:29:30.000
 I think these guys are over here.

00:29:30.179 --> 00:29:32.419
 It's like, it is very confusing.

00:29:32.799 --> 00:29:32.899
 Okay?

00:29:33.000 --> 00:29:35.440
 And as a scientist who works in

00:29:35.440 --> 00:29:38.799
 other fields, I sometimes am

00:29:38.799 --> 00:29:42.639
 like, oh, man, it's pretty

00:29:42.640 --> 00:29:43.460
 shaky stuff.

00:29:45.460 --> 00:29:46.980
 You know, no offense to any

00:29:46.980 --> 00:29:49.880
 paleontologists here, but on the

00:29:49.880 --> 00:29:52.240
 other hand, we do have to

00:29:52.240 --> 00:29:53.720
 acknowledge the existence of what

00:29:53.720 --> 00:29:55.120
 we are calling, we can call

00:29:55.120 --> 00:29:55.759
 hominins.

00:29:56.740 --> 00:29:59.020
 Hominins, it used to be hominids,

00:29:59.900 --> 00:30:01.780
 but now hominids means a more

00:30:01.780 --> 00:30:02.540
 broad thing.

00:30:02.740 --> 00:30:04.700
 Hominids includes the common

00:30:04.700 --> 00:30:08.340
 ancestor of humans and like the

00:30:08.340 --> 00:30:08.880
 great apes.

00:30:08.880 --> 00:30:12.480
 Hominins with an N includes just

00:30:12.480 --> 00:30:15.120
 the human lineage, whatever.

00:30:15.940 --> 00:30:17.800
 Anyways, the hominins, these

00:30:17.800 --> 00:30:20.600
 extinct human-like skeletons that

00:30:20.600 --> 00:30:22.000
 we find in the ground, right?

00:30:22.760 --> 00:30:24.740
 They don't have exactly the same

00:30:24.740 --> 00:30:26.040
 anatomical features as modern

00:30:26.040 --> 00:30:28.300
 humans, but they are significantly

00:30:28.300 --> 00:30:29.680
 different from the great apes.

00:30:30.460 --> 00:30:33.920
 So we have to acknowledge, like,

00:30:34.000 --> 00:30:35.140
 these skeletons exist.

00:30:35.140 --> 00:30:37.860
 So, like, what are they, what do

00:30:37.860 --> 00:30:38.180
 they do?

00:30:38.660 --> 00:30:40.720
 You know, you've probably gone to a

00:30:40.720 --> 00:30:41.980
 natural history museum and seen,

00:30:41.980 --> 00:30:43.640
 like, recreations of Neanderthal

00:30:43.640 --> 00:30:45.060
 dudes.

00:30:46.120 --> 00:30:47.440
 And I'm like, I always thought I

00:30:47.440 --> 00:30:48.360
 kind of looked like a Neanderthal,

00:30:48.480 --> 00:30:52.300
 but that's, maybe that factors

00:30:52.300 --> 00:30:54.060
 into our interpretations.

00:30:54.300 --> 00:30:54.440
 Yeah?

00:30:54.980 --> 00:30:56.820
 I've been reading recently that

00:30:56.820 --> 00:31:00.580
 there's five different types of

00:31:00.580 --> 00:31:01.060
 humans.

00:31:01.940 --> 00:31:02.200
 Yeah.

00:31:02.200 --> 00:31:03.920
 They claim there's five different

00:31:03.920 --> 00:31:04.740
 types of humans.

00:31:05.140 --> 00:31:06.340
 Yeah, you have to be...

00:31:06.340 --> 00:31:07.220
 We'll deal with that.

00:31:07.640 --> 00:31:09.080
 Yeah, I mean, for one, I think we

00:31:09.080 --> 00:31:10.080
 should, we have to be careful,

00:31:10.460 --> 00:31:12.640
 because in, depending on what

00:31:12.640 --> 00:31:14.720
 branch of the sciences you're

00:31:14.720 --> 00:31:17.320
 discussing, the word human can

00:31:17.320 --> 00:31:18.820
 mean totally different things.

00:31:19.220 --> 00:31:19.480
 Okay?

00:31:19.800 --> 00:31:21.300
 So, for instance, when we're

00:31:21.300 --> 00:31:24.380
 talking about paleontology, they

00:31:24.380 --> 00:31:28.080
 will separate modern humans, that's

00:31:28.080 --> 00:31:31.000
 us, from what they would call other

00:31:31.000 --> 00:31:33.700
 humans, which are hominins.

00:31:33.980 --> 00:31:34.980
 Another name for hominins.

00:31:34.980 --> 00:31:37.279
 So, sometimes you'll hear statements

00:31:37.279 --> 00:31:39.980
 like, well, humans were once, you

00:31:39.980 --> 00:31:41.759
 know, they did blah, blah, blah, or

00:31:41.759 --> 00:31:43.360
 their heads were this shaped, or

00:31:43.360 --> 00:31:44.240
 whatever, and you have to be like,

00:31:44.279 --> 00:31:46.299
 okay, they're using the word human in

00:31:46.299 --> 00:31:48.220
 a different way than we naturally use

00:31:48.220 --> 00:31:49.200
 the word human, right?

00:31:49.240 --> 00:31:50.299
 So, just to be careful.

00:31:50.960 --> 00:31:52.740
 And, yeah, I mean, it all depends on

00:31:52.740 --> 00:31:55.319
 how you splice or split up the

00:31:55.319 --> 00:31:56.579
 skeletons, ultimately.

00:31:57.019 --> 00:31:57.299
 You know?

00:31:57.660 --> 00:31:59.079
 At some point, you have to look at a

00:31:59.079 --> 00:32:00.120
 skeleton in the ground and say,

00:32:00.119 --> 00:32:03.479
 this is different enough from the

00:32:03.479 --> 00:32:06.879
 humans that are living here now, that

00:32:06.879 --> 00:32:08.039
 this is a different thing.

00:32:08.399 --> 00:32:11.679
 And that's a really, it's a hard cutoff

00:32:11.679 --> 00:32:12.119
 sometimes.

00:32:12.459 --> 00:32:12.500
 Yeah?

00:32:12.500 --> 00:32:13.919
 Could some of the differences be

00:32:13.919 --> 00:32:16.279
 explained away by nutritional

00:32:16.279 --> 00:32:16.979
 issues?

00:32:16.980 --> 00:32:23.500
 Honestly, I have this suspicion myself

00:32:23.500 --> 00:32:27.860
 that maybe there's just, now this is,

00:32:28.319 --> 00:32:29.680
 you know, this is just one man's

00:32:29.680 --> 00:32:31.099
 opinion while looking at the

00:32:31.099 --> 00:32:33.099
 sidelines, but it seems to me that

00:32:33.099 --> 00:32:35.380
 there's quite a lot of variation among

00:32:35.380 --> 00:32:36.640
 existing human beings.

00:32:36.640 --> 00:32:38.700
 You know, they're like really short

00:32:38.700 --> 00:32:41.020
 humans and like really tall ones and

00:32:41.020 --> 00:32:42.360
 ones that have big heads and ones that

00:32:42.360 --> 00:32:43.080
 have small heads.

00:32:43.420 --> 00:32:44.660
 I'm one of the bigger head ones.

00:32:46.320 --> 00:32:48.360
 And, you know, some people have big

00:32:48.360 --> 00:32:49.680
 prominent foreheads.

00:32:49.759 --> 00:32:51.940
 Other of us, you know, don't.

00:32:52.280 --> 00:32:53.400
 You know, some of us have big noses.

00:32:53.700 --> 00:32:54.340
 So, I don't know.

00:32:55.060 --> 00:32:58.180
 Sometimes, sometimes I look at somebody

00:32:58.180 --> 00:32:59.100
 who just pronounced me and they're like,

00:32:59.160 --> 00:33:01.759
 well, this human is way too short to

00:33:01.759 --> 00:33:02.900
 be an actual human.

00:33:03.280 --> 00:33:04.720
 I'm like, oh, I don't know.

00:33:04.800 --> 00:33:06.180
 Maybe he's just a short dude, you

00:33:06.180 --> 00:33:06.380
 know?

00:33:07.980 --> 00:33:09.620
 And, yeah, maybe nutrition had a,

00:33:09.880 --> 00:33:13.380
 and we do know over time, in our known

00:33:13.380 --> 00:33:14.720
 historical record, humans have been

00:33:14.720 --> 00:33:15.259
 getting taller.

00:33:15.759 --> 00:33:15.940
 Yeah.

00:33:16.240 --> 00:33:16.580
 Okay?

00:33:17.220 --> 00:33:21.600
 So, take that, yeah, yeah.

00:33:21.600 --> 00:33:22.200
 More than Africa.

00:33:22.980 --> 00:33:23.700
 Exactly, yeah.

00:33:23.740 --> 00:33:25.060
 And like the average height, I think,

00:33:25.240 --> 00:33:26.740
 in the medieval period was something

00:33:26.740 --> 00:33:28.640
 like five foot six or something.

00:33:29.519 --> 00:33:31.220
 Is it that, is it that the average

00:33:31.220 --> 00:33:31.400
 height?

00:33:31.480 --> 00:33:32.759
 I mean, it's less, it's less than

00:33:32.759 --> 00:33:33.400
 modern times.

00:33:33.519 --> 00:33:34.920
 I know, I'm kind of tall, so I

00:33:34.920 --> 00:33:36.720
 sometimes don't keep track of what the

00:33:36.720 --> 00:33:37.279
 average height is.

00:33:37.779 --> 00:33:38.920
 What's the average height, people?

00:33:39.360 --> 00:33:40.120
 5'10".

00:33:40.120 --> 00:33:40.539
 What's that?

00:33:40.900 --> 00:33:41.860
 5'10".

00:33:41.860 --> 00:33:42.120
 5'10".

00:33:42.120 --> 00:33:42.460
 5'10".

00:33:42.460 --> 00:33:43.660
 Yeah, so I think it was like something

00:33:43.660 --> 00:33:45.000
 like 5'5", 5'6".

00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:46.340
 In the medieval period.

00:33:46.420 --> 00:33:48.660
 So, you just rewind the tape, it could be

00:33:48.660 --> 00:33:49.460
 getting shorter and shorter.

00:33:49.740 --> 00:33:50.200
 I don't know.

00:33:50.620 --> 00:33:52.900
 Anyways, I think a lot of those things

00:33:52.900 --> 00:33:55.259
 are possible.

00:33:55.259 --> 00:33:57.259
 That's kind of my feeling as well.

00:33:57.259 --> 00:33:58.019
 Matt.

00:33:58.619 --> 00:34:03.059
 One of the big things 50, 70 years ago

00:34:03.059 --> 00:34:06.339
 was brain case size.

00:34:06.339 --> 00:34:06.359
 Yeah.

00:34:06.460 --> 00:34:06.799
 Mm-hmm.

00:34:07.039 --> 00:34:10.280
 And the leakies and others made a big deal

00:34:10.280 --> 00:34:12.500
 about, oh, this is 50 centimeters.

00:34:12.599 --> 00:34:12.800
 Yeah.

00:34:14.400 --> 00:34:17.119
 Big, cubic centimeters, bigger or smaller.

00:34:17.380 --> 00:34:17.599
 Yeah.

00:34:17.599 --> 00:34:21.460
 And current human population ranges, you

00:34:21.460 --> 00:34:22.219
 know, individuals.

00:34:22.519 --> 00:34:22.699
 Yeah.

00:34:22.819 --> 00:34:27.000
 From 700 cc's to 2,200 cc's.

00:34:27.000 --> 00:34:27.599
 Yeah, yeah.

00:34:27.619 --> 00:34:29.259
 More than a factor of three.

00:34:29.500 --> 00:34:29.719
 Yeah.

00:34:29.779 --> 00:34:32.380
 With absolutely no correlation of

00:34:32.380 --> 00:34:32.960
 intelligence.

00:34:33.259 --> 00:34:34.019
 At all, yeah.

00:34:34.179 --> 00:34:37.219
 And there are people who have what is

00:34:37.219 --> 00:34:38.539
 called microcephaly.

00:34:38.940 --> 00:34:40.400
 This is technically a developmental

00:34:40.400 --> 00:34:42.799
 disorder where they can have brain

00:34:42.799 --> 00:34:45.819
 cases that are as small as less than 500.

00:34:45.820 --> 00:34:49.160
 And other than physical features,

00:34:49.360 --> 00:34:50.940
 they are completely normal.

00:34:52.240 --> 00:34:54.820
 So, I mean, no.

00:34:54.900 --> 00:34:57.720
 Some cases of microcephaly actually come

00:34:57.720 --> 00:35:00.059
 with severe developmental disabilities,

00:35:00.200 --> 00:35:00.600
 for sure.

00:35:00.920 --> 00:35:02.580
 But there are people who have,

00:35:03.940 --> 00:35:06.080
 are way below the normal scale

00:35:06.080 --> 00:35:07.680
 and are seemingly normal.

00:35:08.940 --> 00:35:14.059
 So anyways, this is the kind of

00:35:14.059 --> 00:35:16.500
 common sense we need to be bringing

00:35:16.500 --> 00:35:17.719
 to some of this information,

00:35:17.860 --> 00:35:18.420
 some of this data.

00:35:18.679 --> 00:35:18.779
 Okay?

00:35:21.099 --> 00:35:23.299
 On the human genetics side of the,

00:35:23.480 --> 00:35:25.139
 so that's like pre,

00:35:25.299 --> 00:35:27.719
 like development from pre-existing

00:35:27.719 --> 00:35:28.239
 organisms.

00:35:28.400 --> 00:35:29.460
 On the human genetics side,

00:35:29.659 --> 00:35:31.920
 we have to be careful about

00:35:31.920 --> 00:35:34.380
 understanding our initial conditions

00:35:34.380 --> 00:35:35.559
 for a lot of these calculations

00:35:35.559 --> 00:35:37.579
 and the assumptions that we use

00:35:37.579 --> 00:35:38.320
 to produce them.

00:35:38.320 --> 00:35:41.600
 Are we counting so-called pre-humans

00:35:41.600 --> 00:35:42.340
 in the calculation?

00:35:43.180 --> 00:35:45.420
 Where are the cutoffs in biological time

00:35:45.420 --> 00:35:46.280
 that we're cutting off,

00:35:46.400 --> 00:35:47.380
 where we are deciding,

00:35:47.600 --> 00:35:48.680
 where this is start time

00:35:48.680 --> 00:35:51.460
 and this is how long we need

00:35:51.460 --> 00:35:52.820
 to explain the genetic diversity?

00:35:53.380 --> 00:35:55.680
 How confident are we in mutation rates

00:35:55.680 --> 00:35:56.960
 and whether there are any

00:35:56.960 --> 00:35:58.000
 confounding variables?

00:35:58.660 --> 00:35:59.860
 It's pretty complicated.

00:36:00.160 --> 00:36:00.920
 I mean, these questions,

00:36:01.080 --> 00:36:01.480
 among others,

00:36:01.539 --> 00:36:03.620
 will greatly affect your output.

00:36:04.240 --> 00:36:04.680
 Right?

00:36:04.679 --> 00:36:06.759
 So possibly a good way

00:36:06.759 --> 00:36:08.659
 to help parse some of this information

00:36:08.659 --> 00:36:10.940
 is with the evidence of archaeology,

00:36:11.059 --> 00:36:11.980
 which can help us date

00:36:11.980 --> 00:36:12.980
 sort of the first appearance

00:36:12.980 --> 00:36:14.219
 of human culture

00:36:14.219 --> 00:36:15.739
 in the archaeological record.

00:36:15.799 --> 00:36:16.419
 But even then,

00:36:17.099 --> 00:36:17.379
 you know,

00:36:17.440 --> 00:36:18.639
 anybody who studied archaeology

00:36:18.639 --> 00:36:21.440
 knows that there's a lot of loss

00:36:21.440 --> 00:36:23.440
 of artifacts over time.

00:36:24.460 --> 00:36:25.480
 So all this to say,

00:36:25.559 --> 00:36:27.619
 I think there is definitely wiggle room

00:36:27.619 --> 00:36:28.579
 here in the data

00:36:28.579 --> 00:36:31.139
 as someone who isn't necessarily

00:36:31.139 --> 00:36:34.619
 an expert in definitely

00:36:34.619 --> 00:36:35.839
 the paleontology side.

00:36:36.420 --> 00:36:39.259
 I come at that as a lay person,

00:36:39.859 --> 00:36:41.379
 a lay person with scientific training,

00:36:41.480 --> 00:36:41.739
 I guess.

00:36:42.500 --> 00:36:43.980
 The human genetic side,

00:36:44.920 --> 00:36:46.519
 I am more familiar with

00:36:46.519 --> 00:36:48.659
 and then it really depends

00:36:48.659 --> 00:36:49.239
 on how you set up

00:36:49.239 --> 00:36:50.599
 the initial conditions, honestly.

00:36:51.119 --> 00:36:55.420
 What hypothesis of a starting pool

00:36:55.420 --> 00:36:56.920
 are you getting?

00:36:57.299 --> 00:36:59.000
 And stuff like mutation rate,

00:36:59.000 --> 00:37:01.539
 which we can't measure over time.

00:37:02.400 --> 00:37:02.960
 So anyways,

00:37:03.739 --> 00:37:04.320
 in light of this,

00:37:04.460 --> 00:37:06.199
 instead of me coming up here

00:37:06.199 --> 00:37:07.260
 and claiming to provide

00:37:07.260 --> 00:37:08.780
 the one true way

00:37:08.780 --> 00:37:10.340
 of harmonizing

00:37:10.340 --> 00:37:12.199
 the information from the sciences

00:37:12.199 --> 00:37:12.800
 that we have

00:37:12.800 --> 00:37:16.219
 and God's special revelation

00:37:16.219 --> 00:37:17.679
 that we just read,

00:37:17.780 --> 00:37:19.420
 I think a better way

00:37:19.420 --> 00:37:20.440
 is for us to consider

00:37:20.440 --> 00:37:21.780
 different scenarios

00:37:21.780 --> 00:37:23.500
 by which we can hold on

00:37:23.500 --> 00:37:24.539
 to the non-negotiables

00:37:24.539 --> 00:37:25.599
 from the narrative

00:37:25.599 --> 00:37:27.400
 and interact

00:37:27.400 --> 00:37:28.960
 with the current state

00:37:28.960 --> 00:37:30.319
 of the scientific evidence.

00:37:30.880 --> 00:37:30.920
 Okay?

00:37:31.759 --> 00:37:33.679
 So here are a few

00:37:33.679 --> 00:37:34.860
 that are often presented

00:37:34.860 --> 00:37:35.860
 different scenarios.

00:37:36.699 --> 00:37:37.619
 So scenario one

00:37:37.619 --> 00:37:39.239
 is young earth creationism.

00:37:40.019 --> 00:37:40.259
 Okay?

00:37:40.940 --> 00:37:42.019
 Most of us are probably

00:37:42.019 --> 00:37:42.839
 familiar with this view.

00:37:43.299 --> 00:37:44.199
 This is when

00:37:44.199 --> 00:37:45.819
 we see Adam and Eve

00:37:45.819 --> 00:37:47.000
 as created de novo,

00:37:47.219 --> 00:37:48.099
 meaning from nothing,

00:37:48.539 --> 00:37:49.299
 from dust,

00:37:49.420 --> 00:37:51.319
 in a reading of the Genesis 2 account

00:37:51.319 --> 00:37:53.079
 where we see it

00:37:53.079 --> 00:37:53.940
 as an eyewitness

00:37:53.940 --> 00:37:54.900
 journalistic history.

00:37:55.800 --> 00:37:56.539
 In this view,

00:37:56.720 --> 00:37:58.119
 we would definitely satisfy

00:37:58.119 --> 00:37:59.119
 our non-negotiables,

00:37:59.240 --> 00:37:59.720
 theologically,

00:38:00.220 --> 00:38:02.039
 but we'd also have to reject

00:38:02.039 --> 00:38:02.900
 in many ways

00:38:02.900 --> 00:38:04.780
 the current scientific evidence

00:38:04.780 --> 00:38:05.679
 as we receive it,

00:38:05.720 --> 00:38:06.760
 especially as it concerns

00:38:06.760 --> 00:38:07.480
 the timing.

00:38:09.000 --> 00:38:10.280
 The hominin fossils

00:38:10.280 --> 00:38:11.440
 may be descendants

00:38:11.440 --> 00:38:12.220
 of Adam and Eve

00:38:12.220 --> 00:38:12.860
 in this view,

00:38:13.220 --> 00:38:14.159
 but they are definitely

00:38:14.159 --> 00:38:14.840
 not ancient.

00:38:15.579 --> 00:38:15.700
 Right?

00:38:16.400 --> 00:38:17.420
 Adam and Eve

00:38:17.420 --> 00:38:18.380
 are responsible

00:38:18.380 --> 00:38:19.720
 for all the genetic diversity

00:38:19.720 --> 00:38:20.380
 we observe,

00:38:20.860 --> 00:38:22.420
 but the apparent mutation rate

00:38:22.420 --> 00:38:23.360
 must be wrong

00:38:23.360 --> 00:38:24.200
 because there's not

00:38:24.200 --> 00:38:24.780
 enough time.

00:38:26.160 --> 00:38:26.519
 Ultimately,

00:38:26.740 --> 00:38:28.480
 I think this scenario

00:38:28.480 --> 00:38:29.760
 will rely heavily

00:38:29.760 --> 00:38:31.280
 on a reading of Genesis

00:38:31.280 --> 00:38:32.820
 that requires a young earth

00:38:32.820 --> 00:38:35.700
 and this new non-negotiable,

00:38:36.160 --> 00:38:36.480
 right,

00:38:36.640 --> 00:38:38.400
 is doing a lot of work

00:38:38.400 --> 00:38:39.579
 in reinterpreting data.

00:38:40.039 --> 00:38:40.220
 Right?

00:38:40.960 --> 00:38:42.200
 And I think ultimately

00:38:42.200 --> 00:38:43.200
 its strength will depend

00:38:43.200 --> 00:38:44.680
 on whether you find

00:38:44.680 --> 00:38:45.840
 arguments for a young earth

00:38:45.840 --> 00:38:46.260
 compelling

00:38:46.260 --> 00:38:48.120
 and or required

00:38:48.120 --> 00:38:48.900
 by Scripture.

00:38:50.220 --> 00:38:50.700
 Okay.

00:38:51.140 --> 00:38:52.140
 That's scenario one.

00:38:52.139 --> 00:38:54.339
 Scenario two

00:38:54.339 --> 00:38:55.339
 is what I'm calling

00:38:55.339 --> 00:38:56.019
 de novo

00:38:56.019 --> 00:38:58.219
 or old earth creationism.

00:38:58.759 --> 00:38:58.859
 Right?

00:38:59.299 --> 00:39:00.379
 This second view

00:39:00.379 --> 00:39:02.199
 is an old earth creationist view

00:39:02.199 --> 00:39:04.259
 where Adam and Eve

00:39:04.259 --> 00:39:05.920
 are still de novo creations,

00:39:06.259 --> 00:39:07.679
 but they're placed

00:39:07.679 --> 00:39:08.519
 at the headwaters

00:39:08.519 --> 00:39:10.659
 of the modern human lineage

00:39:10.659 --> 00:39:13.319
 some 70,000 to 50,000 years ago.

00:39:14.039 --> 00:39:14.259
 Okay?

00:39:14.559 --> 00:39:15.239
 And again,

00:39:15.379 --> 00:39:16.139
 I'm using the term

00:39:16.139 --> 00:39:17.099
 modern humans

00:39:17.099 --> 00:39:18.960
 in the way that

00:39:18.960 --> 00:39:19.779
 paleontologists

00:39:19.780 --> 00:39:21.180
 anthropologists use it,

00:39:21.400 --> 00:39:23.019
 which is talking about

00:39:23.019 --> 00:39:25.160
 what we would consider

00:39:25.160 --> 00:39:27.060
 normal anatomical features

00:39:27.060 --> 00:39:27.640
 of today.

00:39:27.640 --> 00:39:28.160
 Right?

00:39:29.480 --> 00:39:30.300
 So that,

00:39:30.580 --> 00:39:31.540
 so Adam and Eve

00:39:31.540 --> 00:39:32.180
 were the first

00:39:32.180 --> 00:39:33.300
 modern humans.

00:39:34.400 --> 00:39:35.519
 This would allow

00:39:35.519 --> 00:39:37.060
 for their explanation

00:39:37.060 --> 00:39:38.600
 as the sole progenitors

00:39:38.600 --> 00:39:40.180
 of all modern humans

00:39:40.180 --> 00:39:41.720
 and explain the genetic evidence

00:39:41.720 --> 00:39:42.780
 with some modifications.

00:39:43.400 --> 00:39:43.720
 Right?

00:39:43.780 --> 00:39:44.980
 We would have to fiddle,

00:39:45.100 --> 00:39:45.540
 I think,

00:39:45.620 --> 00:39:46.100
 with the timing

00:39:46.100 --> 00:39:46.620
 a little bit.

00:39:46.619 --> 00:39:48.980
 But it does reject

00:39:48.980 --> 00:39:50.500
 a connection between humans

00:39:50.500 --> 00:39:52.000
 and prior hominins

00:39:52.000 --> 00:39:54.239
 where Neanderthals

00:39:54.239 --> 00:39:55.619
 and other hominins

00:39:56.319 --> 00:39:56.880
 are considered

00:39:56.880 --> 00:39:58.179
 non-human animals

00:39:58.179 --> 00:39:59.299
 that God created.

00:39:59.980 --> 00:40:00.119
 Okay?

00:40:00.799 --> 00:40:02.039
 This requires us

00:40:02.039 --> 00:40:02.719
 to explain

00:40:02.719 --> 00:40:03.619
 what differentiates

00:40:04.199 --> 00:40:04.619
 Neanderthals

00:40:05.279 --> 00:40:05.900
 and humans

00:40:05.900 --> 00:40:07.659
 and why humans

00:40:07.659 --> 00:40:09.099
 have Neanderthal DNA

00:40:09.099 --> 00:40:10.019
 in their genome.

00:40:10.719 --> 00:40:11.000
 Right?

00:40:12.239 --> 00:40:13.719
 If this is an interesting

00:40:13.719 --> 00:40:14.519
 scenario for you,

00:40:14.519 --> 00:40:15.679
 this is, I think,

00:40:15.759 --> 00:40:16.619
 well argued

00:40:16.619 --> 00:40:18.340
 by Fazali Rana

00:40:18.340 --> 00:40:19.960
 and Hugh Ross,

00:40:19.980 --> 00:40:20.739
 if you guys are familiar.

00:40:21.099 --> 00:40:21.900
 They're from the ministry

00:40:21.900 --> 00:40:23.039
 Reasons to Believe.

00:40:23.840 --> 00:40:24.599
 So if you're interested,

00:40:24.699 --> 00:40:25.239
 you can look up

00:40:25.239 --> 00:40:25.639
 their website

00:40:25.639 --> 00:40:26.759
 or a book

00:40:26.759 --> 00:40:27.280
 called

00:40:27.280 --> 00:40:28.280
 Who Was Adam?

00:40:28.739 --> 00:40:30.460
 It's a really great book

00:40:30.460 --> 00:40:31.019
 if you want to get

00:40:31.019 --> 00:40:32.739
 their comprehensive view

00:40:32.739 --> 00:40:34.019
 of this scenario.

00:40:35.179 --> 00:40:36.579
 I just mentioned them

00:40:36.579 --> 00:40:37.039
 because

00:40:37.039 --> 00:40:39.019
 like they have a whole book

00:40:39.019 --> 00:40:40.000
 on this one scenario.

00:40:40.880 --> 00:40:41.099
 Okay.

00:40:42.259 --> 00:40:43.199
 Scenario three,

00:40:43.199 --> 00:40:44.619
 this is sort of

00:40:44.619 --> 00:40:45.899
 a similar view

00:40:45.899 --> 00:40:46.980
 to the earlier view,

00:40:47.819 --> 00:40:48.339
 the de novo

00:40:48.339 --> 00:40:49.480
 old earth creationist view,

00:40:49.899 --> 00:40:50.679
 but I call this

00:40:50.679 --> 00:40:52.579
 refurbished hominin.

00:40:53.500 --> 00:40:53.759
 Okay?

00:40:54.399 --> 00:40:55.279
 So this view

00:40:55.279 --> 00:40:56.439
 would consider Adam and Eve

00:40:56.439 --> 00:40:57.059
 to be the first

00:40:57.059 --> 00:40:57.899
 modern humans,

00:40:58.059 --> 00:40:58.480
 but they were

00:40:58.480 --> 00:40:59.239
 in some sense

00:40:59.239 --> 00:41:00.739
 related to

00:41:00.739 --> 00:41:02.719
 pre-existing hominins.

00:41:03.659 --> 00:41:04.419
 In this view,

00:41:04.579 --> 00:41:05.199
 God acts,

00:41:05.399 --> 00:41:06.759
 God's act of creation

00:41:06.759 --> 00:41:08.199
 would be refurbishing

00:41:08.799 --> 00:41:10.679
 a member of those hominins

00:41:10.679 --> 00:41:12.079
 and then they'd be,

00:41:12.500 --> 00:41:13.519
 and then the hominins

00:41:13.519 --> 00:41:14.299
 being referred to

00:41:14.299 --> 00:41:15.099
 poetically as

00:41:15.099 --> 00:41:15.879
 the dust of the earth.

00:41:16.480 --> 00:41:17.359
 With the rest

00:41:17.359 --> 00:41:17.919
 of the scenario

00:41:17.919 --> 00:41:18.839
 shared between

00:41:18.839 --> 00:41:19.899
 with the earlier

00:41:19.899 --> 00:41:20.940
 de novo creation one.

00:41:21.299 --> 00:41:21.879
 Just that there's

00:41:21.879 --> 00:41:22.859
 now a connection,

00:41:23.819 --> 00:41:24.519
 some sort of

00:41:24.519 --> 00:41:25.839
 biological connection

00:41:25.839 --> 00:41:27.279
 between Adam and Eve

00:41:27.279 --> 00:41:28.519
 and prior hominins.

00:41:28.719 --> 00:41:29.419
 The hominins are

00:41:29.419 --> 00:41:31.019
 refurbished by God

00:41:31.019 --> 00:41:31.960
 into Adam and Eve,

00:41:32.019 --> 00:41:32.919
 into modern humans,

00:41:33.159 --> 00:41:34.199
 and then the story

00:41:34.199 --> 00:41:36.039
 continues from there.

00:41:36.039 --> 00:41:38.619
 Augustine seemed

00:41:38.619 --> 00:41:39.360
 to be open

00:41:39.360 --> 00:41:40.480
 in some sense

00:41:40.480 --> 00:41:41.000
 to this view.

00:41:41.699 --> 00:41:42.400
 He asked,

00:41:42.719 --> 00:41:43.579
 but in what manner

00:41:43.579 --> 00:41:44.960
 did God make him

00:41:44.960 --> 00:41:45.820
 from the mud of the earth?

00:41:46.599 --> 00:41:47.699
 Was it straight away

00:41:47.699 --> 00:41:48.380
 as an adult,

00:41:48.519 --> 00:41:48.900
 that is,

00:41:48.920 --> 00:41:49.679
 as a young man

00:41:49.679 --> 00:41:50.559
 in the prime of life?

00:41:50.980 --> 00:41:52.380
 Or was it as he forms

00:41:52.380 --> 00:41:53.000
 human beings

00:41:53.000 --> 00:41:54.159
 from then until now

00:41:54.159 --> 00:41:55.380
 in their mother's wombs?

00:41:56.659 --> 00:41:57.380
 So there's sort of

00:41:57.380 --> 00:41:58.259
 a sense in which

00:41:58.259 --> 00:41:59.300
 there could be

00:41:59.300 --> 00:42:00.320
 a sense in which

00:42:00.320 --> 00:42:02.039
 Adam was born

00:42:02.039 --> 00:42:03.139
 in some way,

00:42:03.480 --> 00:42:03.719
 right?

00:42:03.719 --> 00:42:05.599
 This view would be

00:42:05.599 --> 00:42:06.439
 able to accept

00:42:06.439 --> 00:42:07.019
 the proposed

00:42:07.019 --> 00:42:08.119
 common ancestry

00:42:08.119 --> 00:42:09.119
 of hominins

00:42:09.119 --> 00:42:09.759
 and humans

00:42:09.759 --> 00:42:11.459
 while affirming

00:42:11.459 --> 00:42:12.639
 that modern genetics,

00:42:13.079 --> 00:42:14.619
 the modern genetic idea

00:42:14.619 --> 00:42:16.000
 of genetic diversity

00:42:16.000 --> 00:42:17.299
 with, again,

00:42:17.439 --> 00:42:18.099
 some modifications.

00:42:19.219 --> 00:42:20.339
 Other forms of this view

00:42:20.339 --> 00:42:21.039
 would be like those

00:42:21.039 --> 00:42:21.859
 of William Lane Craig.

00:42:22.899 --> 00:42:23.679
 He would push

00:42:23.679 --> 00:42:24.259
 Adam and Eve

00:42:24.259 --> 00:42:25.239
 even past

00:42:25.239 --> 00:42:26.459
 behind modern humans

00:42:26.459 --> 00:42:27.819
 into the distant past

00:42:27.819 --> 00:42:29.559
 as a refurbished member

00:42:29.559 --> 00:42:30.659
 of a hominin

00:42:30.659 --> 00:42:31.759
 that is called

00:42:31.760 --> 00:42:34.320
 Homo Heidelbergensis

00:42:34.320 --> 00:42:36.920
 around 750,000

00:42:36.920 --> 00:42:38.120
 to 500,000 years ago.

00:42:39.120 --> 00:42:40.780
 This is the last

00:42:40.780 --> 00:42:42.260
 supposed common ancestor

00:42:42.260 --> 00:42:43.700
 of both Neanderthals

00:42:43.700 --> 00:42:44.760
 and modern humans.

00:42:45.220 --> 00:42:45.820
 And so this view

00:42:45.820 --> 00:42:46.780
 would have the benefit

00:42:46.780 --> 00:42:48.020
 of making those

00:42:48.020 --> 00:42:49.060
 an explanation

00:42:49.060 --> 00:42:50.840
 separating Neanderthals

00:42:50.840 --> 00:42:51.320
 and humans

00:42:51.320 --> 00:42:52.060
 kind of moot.

00:42:52.400 --> 00:42:53.420
 They're both humans.

00:42:53.560 --> 00:42:54.100
 They just kind of

00:42:54.100 --> 00:42:55.340
 look a little different.

00:42:56.860 --> 00:42:58.480
 And it also would require

00:42:58.480 --> 00:42:59.300
 no modifications

00:42:59.300 --> 00:43:01.140
 of the human genetic data.

00:43:03.300 --> 00:43:04.340
 Scenario four

00:43:04.340 --> 00:43:06.780
 is taking us

00:43:06.780 --> 00:43:07.460
 a little bit

00:43:07.460 --> 00:43:08.320
 farther afield.

00:43:09.100 --> 00:43:09.600
 This view

00:43:09.600 --> 00:43:10.400
 I'm calling

00:43:10.400 --> 00:43:12.039
 Adam and Eve

00:43:12.039 --> 00:43:13.340
 as head of a tribe.

00:43:14.320 --> 00:43:14.400
 Okay?

00:43:15.260 --> 00:43:16.380
 This view trades

00:43:16.380 --> 00:43:16.940
 on the idea

00:43:16.940 --> 00:43:18.720
 of a continuous population

00:43:18.720 --> 00:43:19.820
 of modern humans

00:43:19.820 --> 00:43:21.039
 as proposed

00:43:21.039 --> 00:43:21.820
 by human genetics

00:43:21.820 --> 00:43:23.420
 but sees the refurbishment

00:43:23.420 --> 00:43:24.260
 of Adam and Eve

00:43:24.260 --> 00:43:25.700
 from pre-existing hominins

00:43:25.700 --> 00:43:26.720
 as involving

00:43:26.720 --> 00:43:28.220
 a whole tribe

00:43:28.219 --> 00:43:28.980
 of humans.

00:43:29.939 --> 00:43:30.159
 Okay?

00:43:31.199 --> 00:43:32.459
 When we think about this

00:43:32.459 --> 00:43:33.099
 I think it's important

00:43:33.099 --> 00:43:34.719
 to quote from C. John Collins

00:43:34.719 --> 00:43:36.139
 someone I really like

00:43:36.139 --> 00:43:37.459
 to re-center us

00:43:37.459 --> 00:43:38.739
 on the non-negotiables here.

00:43:39.139 --> 00:43:39.279
 Okay?

00:43:39.959 --> 00:43:40.519
 He says

00:43:40.519 --> 00:43:42.359
 if someone should decide

00:43:42.359 --> 00:43:43.399
 that there were

00:43:43.399 --> 00:43:43.980
 in fact

00:43:43.980 --> 00:43:45.119
 more human beings

00:43:45.119 --> 00:43:46.339
 than just Adam and Eve

00:43:46.339 --> 00:43:47.079
 at the beginning

00:43:47.079 --> 00:43:47.639
 of mankind

00:43:47.639 --> 00:43:48.980
 then

00:43:48.980 --> 00:43:50.319
 in order to maintain

00:43:50.319 --> 00:43:50.879
 good sense

00:43:50.879 --> 00:43:52.059
 he should envision

00:43:52.059 --> 00:43:52.639
 these humans

00:43:52.639 --> 00:43:53.679
 as a single tribe.

00:43:54.599 --> 00:43:55.419
 Adam would then

00:43:55.419 --> 00:43:56.199
 be the chieftain

00:43:56.199 --> 00:43:56.779
 of this tribe

00:43:56.779 --> 00:43:57.939
 preferably produced

00:43:57.940 --> 00:43:58.780
 before the others

00:43:58.780 --> 00:44:00.119
 and Eve would be

00:44:00.119 --> 00:44:00.679
 his wife.

00:44:01.619 --> 00:44:02.599
 This falls from

00:44:02.599 --> 00:44:03.000
 the notion

00:44:03.000 --> 00:44:04.280
 of solidarity

00:44:04.280 --> 00:44:05.380
 in a representative.

00:44:06.220 --> 00:44:06.300
 Right?

00:44:06.860 --> 00:44:07.940
 Some may call this

00:44:07.940 --> 00:44:09.200
 a form of polygenesis

00:44:09.200 --> 00:44:11.159
 but this is quite distinct

00:44:11.159 --> 00:44:12.099
 from the more conventional

00:44:12.099 --> 00:44:13.579
 and unacceptable kind.

00:44:14.539 --> 00:44:14.720
 Okay?

00:44:14.980 --> 00:44:17.019
 That's his suggestion.

00:44:17.380 --> 00:44:18.480
 If we're gonna say

00:44:18.480 --> 00:44:19.740
 if we must say

00:44:19.740 --> 00:44:21.599
 that there was

00:44:21.599 --> 00:44:23.800
 a starting population

00:44:23.800 --> 00:44:24.380
 of humans

00:44:24.380 --> 00:44:25.740
 then Adam and Eve

00:44:25.740 --> 00:44:27.460
 would be the heads

00:44:27.460 --> 00:44:29.559
 like the king and queen

00:44:29.559 --> 00:44:30.460
 of this population

00:44:30.460 --> 00:44:31.660
 and sort of

00:44:31.660 --> 00:44:32.539
 their representative.

00:44:33.220 --> 00:44:33.340
 Okay?

00:44:34.440 --> 00:44:35.160
 So he later

00:44:35.160 --> 00:44:36.160
 C. John Collins

00:44:36.160 --> 00:44:36.840
 later comments

00:44:36.840 --> 00:44:37.579
 in such a scenario

00:44:37.579 --> 00:44:38.140
 he says

00:44:38.140 --> 00:44:39.000
 nevertheless

00:44:39.000 --> 00:44:40.260
 a king and queen

00:44:40.260 --> 00:44:41.160
 under the arrangement

00:44:41.160 --> 00:44:42.140
 Kidner envisions

00:44:42.140 --> 00:44:43.700
 are legitimately

00:44:43.700 --> 00:44:45.119
 the father and mother

00:44:45.119 --> 00:44:45.920
 of their people.

00:44:46.660 --> 00:44:47.220
 Right?

00:44:47.300 --> 00:44:48.340
 In the ancient sense.

00:44:48.700 --> 00:44:49.619
 In the ancient world

00:44:49.619 --> 00:44:51.119
 the king and queen

00:44:51.119 --> 00:44:52.720
 were the father and mother

00:44:52.719 --> 00:44:53.819
 of the nation.

00:44:54.219 --> 00:44:54.379
 Right?

00:44:54.459 --> 00:44:55.239
 And so if you can imagine

00:44:55.239 --> 00:44:56.859
 a small tribe of humans

00:44:56.859 --> 00:44:58.419
 with Adam and Eve

00:44:58.419 --> 00:44:59.359
 as their king and queen

00:44:59.359 --> 00:45:01.319
 this can kind of explain

00:45:01.319 --> 00:45:03.799
 how all human beings

00:45:03.799 --> 00:45:04.359
 even though

00:45:04.359 --> 00:45:05.459
 possibly

00:45:05.459 --> 00:45:07.579
 not every single human being

00:45:07.579 --> 00:45:08.659
 is a direct

00:45:08.659 --> 00:45:10.159
 genetic descendant

00:45:10.159 --> 00:45:11.059
 from Adam and Eve

00:45:11.059 --> 00:45:11.619
 proper

00:45:11.619 --> 00:45:13.539
 how they're all

00:45:13.539 --> 00:45:14.019
 descendant

00:45:14.019 --> 00:45:15.399
 they're all in Adam

00:45:15.399 --> 00:45:17.419
 because all human beings

00:45:17.419 --> 00:45:17.959
 whether we're

00:45:17.959 --> 00:45:19.139
 from some other members

00:45:19.139 --> 00:45:19.980
 of that population

00:45:19.980 --> 00:45:21.840
 are all

00:45:21.840 --> 00:45:23.280
 under the headship

00:45:23.280 --> 00:45:23.659
 of Adam

00:45:23.659 --> 00:45:24.860
 as their federal head.

00:45:25.280 --> 00:45:25.420
 Right?

00:45:25.820 --> 00:45:26.760
 So in that sense

00:45:26.760 --> 00:45:27.659
 Adam and Eve

00:45:27.659 --> 00:45:28.440
 are the progenitors

00:45:28.440 --> 00:45:29.119
 of all humans

00:45:29.119 --> 00:45:29.800
 because they are

00:45:29.800 --> 00:45:31.179
 the federal

00:45:31.179 --> 00:45:32.639
 legal representatives

00:45:32.639 --> 00:45:33.579
 of all humans

00:45:33.579 --> 00:45:34.300
 and all humans

00:45:34.300 --> 00:45:35.740
 are in the same tribe

00:45:35.740 --> 00:45:36.079
 as them.

00:45:36.400 --> 00:45:36.940
 Does that make sense?

00:45:37.400 --> 00:45:37.659
 Sure.

00:45:37.699 --> 00:45:38.639
 That's kind of the idea.

00:45:38.639 --> 00:45:39.039
 So progenitors

00:45:39.039 --> 00:45:40.440
 but not ancestors.

00:45:40.860 --> 00:45:41.400
 Exactly.

00:45:41.800 --> 00:45:42.820
 What's the difference?

00:45:43.059 --> 00:45:43.380
 That would be

00:45:43.380 --> 00:45:44.320
 the distinguishing here.

00:45:44.639 --> 00:45:44.800
 Yeah.

00:45:44.920 --> 00:45:45.699
 So I think here

00:45:45.699 --> 00:45:46.300
 it would be

00:45:46.300 --> 00:45:47.619
 trading on the

00:45:47.619 --> 00:45:48.659
 the commonality

00:45:48.659 --> 00:45:49.539
 between Adam and Eve

00:45:49.539 --> 00:45:50.779
 and that single tribe

00:45:50.779 --> 00:45:51.279
 you can think of

00:45:51.279 --> 00:45:51.799
 that single tribe

00:45:51.799 --> 00:45:52.639
 as like a family

00:45:52.639 --> 00:45:53.900
 Adam and Eve

00:45:53.900 --> 00:45:54.679
 being the head

00:45:54.679 --> 00:45:55.359
 of that family

00:45:55.359 --> 00:45:56.940
 and you are not

00:45:56.940 --> 00:45:57.639
 necessarily

00:45:57.639 --> 00:46:00.480
 related to Adam and Eve

00:46:00.480 --> 00:46:01.699
 proper genetically

00:46:01.699 --> 00:46:03.079
 but you are

00:46:03.079 --> 00:46:04.059
 genealogically

00:46:04.059 --> 00:46:05.139
 related to Adam and Eve

00:46:05.139 --> 00:46:05.980
 because they are

00:46:05.980 --> 00:46:07.460
 in charge of

00:46:07.460 --> 00:46:08.279
 your whole family

00:46:08.279 --> 00:46:08.859
 and the rest of you.

00:46:08.960 --> 00:46:10.099
 They're the patriarch

00:46:10.099 --> 00:46:10.799
 and matriarch

00:46:10.799 --> 00:46:11.199
 of the family.

00:46:11.199 --> 00:46:14.339
 So I'm not familiar.

00:46:15.299 --> 00:46:15.500
 Yeah.

00:46:15.500 --> 00:46:16.219
 I'm not really

00:46:16.219 --> 00:46:17.659
 dealing with the definition

00:46:17.659 --> 00:46:18.840
 of the word progenitor.

00:46:19.119 --> 00:46:19.260
 Yeah.

00:46:19.280 --> 00:46:21.019
 It has no biological implications.

00:46:21.400 --> 00:46:22.280
 No I think it does.

00:46:22.559 --> 00:46:23.239
 I think it does.

00:46:23.300 --> 00:46:24.219
 I think that's the implication

00:46:24.219 --> 00:46:25.219
 of the text

00:46:25.219 --> 00:46:25.800
 but I'm saying

00:46:25.800 --> 00:46:27.000
 in this view

00:46:27.000 --> 00:46:28.260
 we would be kind of fiddling

00:46:28.260 --> 00:46:29.960
 we'd be fiddling

00:46:29.960 --> 00:46:30.659
 with that third

00:46:30.659 --> 00:46:31.400
 non-negotiable

00:46:31.400 --> 00:46:32.179
 and saying

00:46:32.179 --> 00:46:33.179
 well Adam and Eve

00:46:33.179 --> 00:46:33.659
 can be

00:46:33.659 --> 00:46:34.699
 our sort of

00:46:34.699 --> 00:46:36.139
 legal and federal

00:46:36.139 --> 00:46:36.800
 progenitor

00:46:36.800 --> 00:46:37.519
 while not being

00:46:37.519 --> 00:46:38.960
 our biological progenitor

00:46:38.960 --> 00:46:40.599
 but we're maintaining

00:46:40.599 --> 00:46:41.380
 the sense that

00:46:41.380 --> 00:46:42.699
 we're all in Adam

00:46:42.699 --> 00:46:43.880
 which is what

00:46:43.880 --> 00:46:44.660
 the progenitor-ness

00:46:44.660 --> 00:46:46.220
 is trying to protect

00:46:46.220 --> 00:46:46.820
 right?

00:46:47.480 --> 00:46:48.800
 We're all in Adam

00:46:48.800 --> 00:46:49.840
 and all human beings

00:46:49.840 --> 00:46:52.740
 are justly considered

00:46:52.740 --> 00:46:55.980
 represented by Adam

00:46:55.980 --> 00:46:57.160
 in the fall.

00:46:58.240 --> 00:46:58.360
 Right?

00:46:59.480 --> 00:46:59.720
 Peter.

00:47:00.079 --> 00:47:00.780
 Doesn't Noah

00:47:00.780 --> 00:47:01.660
 make all this move?

00:47:02.420 --> 00:47:02.980
 Yeah.

00:47:03.119 --> 00:47:03.519
 So again

00:47:03.519 --> 00:47:04.119
 that would depend

00:47:04.119 --> 00:47:04.700
 on whether you

00:47:04.700 --> 00:47:06.019
 take the

00:47:06.019 --> 00:47:06.980
 the Noah story

00:47:06.980 --> 00:47:08.559
 to be a local flood

00:47:08.559 --> 00:47:10.119
 killing all humans

00:47:10.119 --> 00:47:11.640
 or just regional humans

00:47:11.640 --> 00:47:13.019
 or versus all humans.

00:47:13.019 --> 00:47:13.659
 Right?

00:47:14.380 --> 00:47:15.980
 So that also

00:47:15.980 --> 00:47:16.579
 goes into it.

00:47:16.840 --> 00:47:17.320
 Some of these

00:47:17.320 --> 00:47:17.900
 so for instance

00:47:17.900 --> 00:47:19.759
 the de novo

00:47:19.759 --> 00:47:21.119
 old earth creationist view

00:47:21.119 --> 00:47:22.559
 from reasons to believe

00:47:22.559 --> 00:47:23.920
 they factor in

00:47:23.920 --> 00:47:25.019
 the flood

00:47:25.019 --> 00:47:26.059
 into their calculations

00:47:26.059 --> 00:47:26.579
 and stuff

00:47:26.579 --> 00:47:27.420
 so that actually

00:47:27.420 --> 00:47:28.320
 is relevant

00:47:28.320 --> 00:47:29.579
 but depending on the model

00:47:29.579 --> 00:47:31.559
 depending on the scenario

00:47:31.559 --> 00:47:33.259
 a global flood

00:47:33.259 --> 00:47:34.280
 or a local flood

00:47:34.280 --> 00:47:35.559
 doesn't really come into it.

00:47:37.619 --> 00:47:38.239
 So

00:47:38.239 --> 00:47:39.360
 if

00:47:39.360 --> 00:47:40.759
 we must infer

00:47:40.759 --> 00:47:41.759
 that there was

00:47:41.760 --> 00:47:43.000
 in original populations

00:47:43.000 --> 00:47:43.520
 of humans

00:47:43.520 --> 00:47:44.520
 I think this is really

00:47:44.520 --> 00:47:45.480
 the only way

00:47:45.480 --> 00:47:46.400
 to maintain

00:47:46.400 --> 00:47:47.220
 our non-negotiables

00:47:47.220 --> 00:47:47.860
 is in this way.

00:47:48.880 --> 00:47:49.680
 This warning

00:47:49.680 --> 00:47:50.660
 will help us consider

00:47:50.660 --> 00:47:51.800
 I think the last scenario

00:47:51.800 --> 00:47:52.900
 we're about to talk to you about

00:47:52.900 --> 00:47:54.280
 but this scenario

00:47:54.280 --> 00:47:55.480
 as we understand it here

00:47:55.480 --> 00:47:56.520
 as the head of a tribe

00:47:56.520 --> 00:47:57.840
 would have some

00:47:57.840 --> 00:47:58.780
 narrative benefits

00:47:58.780 --> 00:48:00.460
 as it would help us

00:48:00.460 --> 00:48:01.060
 understand the

00:48:01.060 --> 00:48:02.220
 sort of perplexing

00:48:02.220 --> 00:48:03.400
 exclamation of Cain

00:48:03.400 --> 00:48:04.720
 in Genesis 4

00:48:04.720 --> 00:48:05.180
 where he's like

00:48:05.180 --> 00:48:05.460
 hey

00:48:05.460 --> 00:48:06.640
 I might

00:48:06.640 --> 00:48:07.320
 what if somebody

00:48:07.320 --> 00:48:08.420
 finds me and kills me?

00:48:08.420 --> 00:48:09.500
 and I know

00:48:09.500 --> 00:48:10.159
 most of us

00:48:10.159 --> 00:48:10.619
 reading the text

00:48:10.619 --> 00:48:10.900
 are like

00:48:10.900 --> 00:48:11.220
 who?

00:48:11.720 --> 00:48:12.680
 Your mom and your dad?

00:48:13.119 --> 00:48:13.360
 Like

00:48:13.360 --> 00:48:14.500
 they know.

00:48:16.579 --> 00:48:17.240
 So like

00:48:17.240 --> 00:48:18.579
 yeah

00:48:18.579 --> 00:48:19.579
 oh and then also

00:48:19.579 --> 00:48:19.840
 yeah

00:48:19.840 --> 00:48:21.220
 where did Cain's wife

00:48:21.220 --> 00:48:21.659
 come from?

00:48:21.820 --> 00:48:22.200
 It's like

00:48:22.200 --> 00:48:24.059
 the text doesn't tell us

00:48:24.059 --> 00:48:24.579
 it just tells us

00:48:24.579 --> 00:48:25.240
 that he has a wife

00:48:25.240 --> 00:48:25.519
 right?

00:48:26.320 --> 00:48:27.119
 Now of course

00:48:27.119 --> 00:48:28.200
 there's obviously

00:48:28.200 --> 00:48:29.180
 traditional

00:48:29.180 --> 00:48:29.800
 and

00:48:29.800 --> 00:48:31.519
 perfectly I think

00:48:31.519 --> 00:48:32.420
 adequate explanations

00:48:32.420 --> 00:48:33.039
 of these things

00:48:33.039 --> 00:48:33.820
 but if we have

00:48:33.820 --> 00:48:35.740
 an original tribe

00:48:35.739 --> 00:48:36.119
 of humans

00:48:36.119 --> 00:48:36.979
 then these questions

00:48:36.979 --> 00:48:37.399
 just kind of

00:48:37.399 --> 00:48:37.759
 become

00:48:37.759 --> 00:48:38.659
 unnecessary

00:48:38.659 --> 00:48:39.179
 right?

00:48:41.259 --> 00:48:41.579
 Okay

00:48:41.579 --> 00:48:43.939
 scenario five

00:48:43.939 --> 00:48:44.699
 what I'm calling

00:48:44.699 --> 00:48:46.179
 man in the mists

00:48:46.179 --> 00:48:46.939
 of time

00:48:46.939 --> 00:48:47.979
 okay

00:48:47.979 --> 00:48:49.719
 this final scenario

00:48:49.719 --> 00:48:50.459
 is actually taken

00:48:50.459 --> 00:48:51.339
 from C.S. Lewis

00:48:51.339 --> 00:48:52.659
 in his

00:48:52.659 --> 00:48:53.679
 problem of pain

00:48:53.679 --> 00:48:54.979
 where he posits

00:48:54.979 --> 00:48:55.619
 a myth

00:48:55.619 --> 00:48:56.339
 or what he would call

00:48:56.339 --> 00:48:57.619
 a not unlikely

00:48:57.619 --> 00:48:58.119
 story

00:48:58.119 --> 00:49:00.059
 he says

00:49:00.059 --> 00:49:01.559
 for long centuries

00:49:01.559 --> 00:49:03.119
 God perfected

00:49:03.119 --> 00:49:04.039
 the animal form

00:49:04.039 --> 00:49:04.959
 which is to become

00:49:04.960 --> 00:49:06.159
 the vehicle of humanity

00:49:06.159 --> 00:49:07.079
 and the image

00:49:07.079 --> 00:49:07.679
 of himself

00:49:07.679 --> 00:49:09.280
 he gave it

00:49:09.280 --> 00:49:09.699
 hands

00:49:09.699 --> 00:49:10.280
 whose thumbs

00:49:10.280 --> 00:49:10.920
 could be applied

00:49:10.920 --> 00:49:11.740
 to each of the fingers

00:49:11.740 --> 00:49:12.380
 and jaws

00:49:12.380 --> 00:49:12.900
 and teeth

00:49:12.900 --> 00:49:13.460
 and throat

00:49:13.460 --> 00:49:15.139
 capable of articulation

00:49:15.139 --> 00:49:16.280
 and a brain

00:49:16.280 --> 00:49:17.420
 sufficiently complex

00:49:17.420 --> 00:49:18.240
 to execute

00:49:18.240 --> 00:49:19.320
 all of the material

00:49:19.320 --> 00:49:19.920
 motions

00:49:19.920 --> 00:49:21.179
 whereby rational

00:49:21.179 --> 00:49:21.699
 thought is

00:49:21.699 --> 00:49:22.579
 incarnated

00:49:22.579 --> 00:49:24.340
 then in the

00:49:24.340 --> 00:49:25.059
 fullness of time

00:49:25.059 --> 00:49:26.559
 God caused

00:49:26.559 --> 00:49:27.019
 to descend

00:49:27.019 --> 00:49:28.019
 upon this organism

00:49:28.019 --> 00:49:28.740
 both on its

00:49:28.740 --> 00:49:29.559
 psychology

00:49:29.559 --> 00:49:30.619
 and physiology

00:49:30.619 --> 00:49:31.880
 a new

00:49:31.880 --> 00:49:32.519
 kind of

00:49:32.519 --> 00:49:33.019
 consciousness

00:49:33.019 --> 00:49:33.900
 which could say

00:49:33.900 --> 00:49:34.539
 I

00:49:34.539 --> 00:49:35.400
 and me

00:49:35.400 --> 00:49:36.460
 which could

00:49:36.460 --> 00:49:36.880
 look upon

00:49:36.880 --> 00:49:37.260
 itself

00:49:37.260 --> 00:49:38.019
 as an object

00:49:38.019 --> 00:49:39.280
 which knew

00:49:39.280 --> 00:49:39.760
 God

00:49:39.760 --> 00:49:40.480
 which could

00:49:40.480 --> 00:49:41.260
 make judgments

00:49:41.260 --> 00:49:41.840
 of truth

00:49:41.840 --> 00:49:42.180
 beauty

00:49:42.180 --> 00:49:42.800
 and goodness

00:49:42.800 --> 00:49:43.700
 and which was

00:49:43.700 --> 00:49:44.579
 so far above

00:49:44.579 --> 00:49:44.960
 time

00:49:44.960 --> 00:49:45.320
 that he could

00:49:45.320 --> 00:49:46.260
 perceive time

00:49:46.260 --> 00:49:47.160
 flowing past

00:49:47.160 --> 00:49:49.180
 we do not know

00:49:49.180 --> 00:49:49.860
 how many of these

00:49:49.860 --> 00:49:50.740
 creatures God made

00:49:50.740 --> 00:49:52.300
 nor how long

00:49:52.300 --> 00:49:53.019
 they continued

00:49:53.019 --> 00:49:53.980
 in the paradisical

00:49:53.980 --> 00:49:54.420
 state

00:49:54.420 --> 00:49:56.440
 but sooner or later

00:49:56.440 --> 00:49:56.960
 they fell

00:49:56.960 --> 00:49:58.340
 someone

00:49:58.340 --> 00:49:59.139
 or something

00:49:59.139 --> 00:50:00.019
 whispered that

00:50:00.019 --> 00:50:00.639
 they could become

00:50:00.639 --> 00:50:01.260
 as gods

00:50:01.260 --> 00:50:02.900
 they wanted

00:50:02.900 --> 00:50:03.680
 some corner

00:50:03.680 --> 00:50:04.320
 in the universe

00:50:04.320 --> 00:50:04.820
 of which they

00:50:04.820 --> 00:50:05.300
 could say to

00:50:05.300 --> 00:50:05.620
 God

00:50:05.620 --> 00:50:06.520
 this is our

00:50:06.520 --> 00:50:06.960
 business

00:50:06.960 --> 00:50:07.740
 not yours

00:50:07.740 --> 00:50:09.040
 but there is

00:50:09.040 --> 00:50:09.440
 no such

00:50:09.440 --> 00:50:09.760
 corner

00:50:09.760 --> 00:50:11.100
 they wanted

00:50:11.100 --> 00:50:11.780
 to be nouns

00:50:11.780 --> 00:50:12.760
 but they were

00:50:12.760 --> 00:50:13.540
 and eternally

00:50:13.540 --> 00:50:14.320
 must be

00:50:14.320 --> 00:50:15.720
 mere adjectives

00:50:15.720 --> 00:50:17.340
 we have no

00:50:17.340 --> 00:50:18.100
 idea in what

00:50:18.100 --> 00:50:19.140
 particular act

00:50:19.140 --> 00:50:20.000
 or series of

00:50:20.000 --> 00:50:20.340
 acts

00:50:20.340 --> 00:50:21.060
 the self

00:50:21.060 --> 00:50:21.580
 contradictory

00:50:21.580 --> 00:50:22.260
 impossible

00:50:22.260 --> 00:50:22.660
 wish

00:50:22.660 --> 00:50:23.520
 found expression

00:50:23.520 --> 00:50:24.780
 for all I

00:50:24.780 --> 00:50:25.200
 can see

00:50:25.200 --> 00:50:26.240
 it might have

00:50:26.240 --> 00:50:26.780
 concerned the

00:50:26.780 --> 00:50:27.340
 literal eating

00:50:27.340 --> 00:50:27.820
 of a fruit

00:50:27.820 --> 00:50:29.020
 but the question

00:50:29.020 --> 00:50:29.740
 is of no

00:50:29.740 --> 00:50:30.300
 consequence

00:50:30.300 --> 00:50:32.680
 so that's

00:50:32.680 --> 00:50:33.120
 C.S. Lewis

00:50:33.120 --> 00:50:35.480
 as you can see

00:50:35.480 --> 00:50:36.120
 I think we're

00:50:36.120 --> 00:50:37.000
 starting to get

00:50:37.000 --> 00:50:38.560
 pretty far afield

00:50:38.560 --> 00:50:39.700
 from the biblical

00:50:39.700 --> 00:50:40.180
 story

00:50:40.180 --> 00:50:41.100
 right

00:50:41.100 --> 00:50:44.100
 but we still

00:50:44.100 --> 00:50:45.160
 have seemingly

00:50:45.160 --> 00:50:46.940
 kept a hold

00:50:46.940 --> 00:50:47.539
 of our non

00:50:47.539 --> 00:50:48.080
 negotiables

00:50:48.080 --> 00:50:49.100
 God is making

00:50:49.100 --> 00:50:49.580
 us

00:50:49.580 --> 00:50:50.680
 right

00:50:50.680 --> 00:50:51.900
 there is a

00:50:51.900 --> 00:50:52.880
 real historical

00:50:52.880 --> 00:50:55.980
 human beings

00:50:55.980 --> 00:50:56.960
 and a real

00:50:56.960 --> 00:50:58.019
 historical fall

00:50:58.019 --> 00:50:59.440
 and that in

00:50:59.440 --> 00:51:00.079
 some sense

00:51:00.079 --> 00:51:00.460
 they're the

00:51:00.460 --> 00:51:01.000
 progenitors

00:51:01.000 --> 00:51:01.400
 of all

00:51:01.400 --> 00:51:01.920
 humans

00:51:01.920 --> 00:51:04.280
 however

00:51:04.280 --> 00:51:06.079
 it's not

00:51:06.079 --> 00:51:06.659
 really clear

00:51:06.659 --> 00:51:07.199
 from this

00:51:07.199 --> 00:51:08.280
 how we are

00:51:08.280 --> 00:51:08.980
 all in

00:51:08.980 --> 00:51:09.380
 Adam

00:51:09.380 --> 00:51:10.119
 in this

00:51:10.119 --> 00:51:10.460
 story

00:51:10.460 --> 00:51:11.139
 right

00:51:11.139 --> 00:51:11.579
 whether we

00:51:11.579 --> 00:51:11.860
 are all

00:51:11.860 --> 00:51:12.259
 descended

00:51:12.259 --> 00:51:12.880
 from him

00:51:12.880 --> 00:51:13.259
 or how

00:51:13.259 --> 00:51:13.619
 he's the

00:51:13.619 --> 00:51:14.079
 representative

00:51:14.079 --> 00:51:14.639
 of all

00:51:14.639 --> 00:51:15.099
 humanity

00:51:15.099 --> 00:51:16.860
 well we

00:51:16.860 --> 00:51:17.300
 may have

00:51:17.300 --> 00:51:18.619
 the elements

00:51:18.619 --> 00:51:19.059
 of sort

00:51:19.059 --> 00:51:19.320
 of a

00:51:19.320 --> 00:51:19.579
 bare

00:51:19.579 --> 00:51:20.000
 minimum

00:51:20.000 --> 00:51:20.420
 view

00:51:20.420 --> 00:51:21.659
 I think

00:51:21.659 --> 00:51:22.119
 this is a

00:51:22.119 --> 00:51:22.800
 good example

00:51:22.800 --> 00:51:23.119
 of sort

00:51:23.119 --> 00:51:23.360
 of the

00:51:23.360 --> 00:51:23.900
 edge

00:51:23.900 --> 00:51:24.660
 or the

00:51:24.660 --> 00:51:25.160
 limit

00:51:25.160 --> 00:51:25.519
 of the

00:51:25.519 --> 00:51:25.900
 kind

00:51:25.900 --> 00:51:26.380
 of

00:51:26.380 --> 00:51:27.160
 opaque

00:51:27.160 --> 00:51:27.860
 scenarios

00:51:27.860 --> 00:51:28.960
 that could

00:51:28.960 --> 00:51:29.960
 actually work

00:51:29.960 --> 00:51:30.420
 in our

00:51:30.420 --> 00:51:30.840
 overall

00:51:30.840 --> 00:51:31.460
 world view

00:51:31.460 --> 00:51:32.400
 right

00:51:32.400 --> 00:51:33.800
 I think

00:51:33.800 --> 00:51:34.240
 this is the

00:51:34.240 --> 00:51:34.619
 kind of

00:51:34.619 --> 00:51:35.160
 story

00:51:35.160 --> 00:51:35.500
 that

00:51:35.500 --> 00:51:36.820
 we're

00:51:36.820 --> 00:51:37.380
 starting

00:51:37.380 --> 00:51:38.079
 to

00:51:38.079 --> 00:51:40.820
 exit

00:51:40.820 --> 00:51:42.180
 from the

00:51:42.180 --> 00:51:42.559
 narrative

00:51:42.559 --> 00:51:42.940
 as we

00:51:42.940 --> 00:51:43.559
 receive it

00:51:43.559 --> 00:51:44.260
 in the

00:51:44.260 --> 00:51:44.460
 Bible

00:51:44.460 --> 00:51:44.720
 does that

00:51:44.720 --> 00:51:45.160
 make sense

00:51:45.160 --> 00:51:46.460
 so I

00:51:46.460 --> 00:51:46.599
 think

00:51:46.599 --> 00:51:46.900
 this is

00:51:46.900 --> 00:51:47.200
 a good

00:51:47.200 --> 00:51:47.480
 example

00:51:47.480 --> 00:51:47.700
 of sort

00:51:47.700 --> 00:51:47.860
 of the

00:51:47.860 --> 00:51:48.220
 edge

00:51:48.220 --> 00:51:50.740
 so

00:51:50.740 --> 00:51:52.119
 how do we

00:51:52.119 --> 00:51:52.320
 end

00:51:52.320 --> 00:51:53.600
 I think

00:51:53.600 --> 00:51:54.039
 we finish

00:51:54.039 --> 00:51:54.920
 by reiterating

00:51:54.920 --> 00:51:55.220
 that the

00:51:55.220 --> 00:51:55.800
 issues here

00:51:55.800 --> 00:51:57.140
 are enormous

00:51:57.140 --> 00:51:58.340
 right

00:51:58.340 --> 00:51:58.860
 this isn't a

00:51:58.860 --> 00:51:59.260
 question of

00:51:59.260 --> 00:51:59.900
 just whether

00:51:59.900 --> 00:52:00.640
 humans have

00:52:00.640 --> 00:52:01.300
 in some sense

00:52:01.300 --> 00:52:02.000
 developed from

00:52:02.000 --> 00:52:02.600
 earlier life

00:52:02.600 --> 00:52:03.480
 forms or

00:52:03.480 --> 00:52:04.059
 whether Adam

00:52:04.059 --> 00:52:04.559
 had a belly

00:52:04.559 --> 00:52:04.860
 button

00:52:04.860 --> 00:52:05.760
 right

00:52:05.760 --> 00:52:07.000
 this issue

00:52:07.000 --> 00:52:07.400
 is whether

00:52:07.400 --> 00:52:07.740
 we can

00:52:07.740 --> 00:52:08.500
 affirm the

00:52:08.500 --> 00:52:09.400
 non-negotiables

00:52:09.400 --> 00:52:10.000
 central to

00:52:10.000 --> 00:52:10.480
 the gospel

00:52:10.480 --> 00:52:11.680
 that humans

00:52:11.680 --> 00:52:12.019
 were made

00:52:12.019 --> 00:52:12.640
 by God

00:52:12.640 --> 00:52:13.600
 were real

00:52:13.600 --> 00:52:14.019
 progenitors

00:52:14.019 --> 00:52:14.640
 of all humans

00:52:14.640 --> 00:52:15.340
 in some sense

00:52:15.340 --> 00:52:15.800
 and were

00:52:15.800 --> 00:52:16.700
 the architects

00:52:16.700 --> 00:52:17.519
 of our

00:52:17.519 --> 00:52:18.160
 current fallen

00:52:18.160 --> 00:52:18.600
 state

00:52:18.600 --> 00:52:19.460
 a state

00:52:19.460 --> 00:52:20.019
 that Christ

00:52:20.019 --> 00:52:20.620
 comes to

00:52:20.620 --> 00:52:21.320
 answer in

00:52:21.320 --> 00:52:21.820
 the atonement

00:52:21.820 --> 00:52:22.960
 okay

00:52:22.960 --> 00:52:24.539
 the gospel

00:52:24.539 --> 00:52:25.000
 that our

00:52:25.000 --> 00:52:25.460
 rejection

00:52:25.460 --> 00:52:25.900
 of God

00:52:25.900 --> 00:52:26.380
 needs to

00:52:26.380 --> 00:52:26.860
 be mended

00:52:26.860 --> 00:52:27.580
 in a very

00:52:27.580 --> 00:52:28.120
 real sense

00:52:28.120 --> 00:52:28.680
 depends

00:52:28.680 --> 00:52:29.960
 on this

00:52:29.960 --> 00:52:30.380
 discussion

00:52:30.380 --> 00:52:32.380
 but as

00:52:32.380 --> 00:52:32.800
 we've seen

00:52:32.800 --> 00:52:33.260
 there is

00:52:33.260 --> 00:52:33.700
 some wiggle

00:52:33.700 --> 00:52:34.000
 room

00:52:34.000 --> 00:52:34.960
 in the

00:52:34.960 --> 00:52:35.180
 different

00:52:35.180 --> 00:52:35.700
 scenarios

00:52:35.700 --> 00:52:35.980
 we've

00:52:35.980 --> 00:52:36.300
 considered

00:52:36.300 --> 00:52:36.680
 as it

00:52:36.680 --> 00:52:36.960
 relates

00:52:36.960 --> 00:52:37.220
 to the

00:52:37.220 --> 00:52:37.580
 scientific

00:52:37.580 --> 00:52:38.000
 data

00:52:38.000 --> 00:52:39.220
 so as

00:52:39.220 --> 00:52:39.519
 usual

00:52:39.519 --> 00:52:40.100
 humility

00:52:40.100 --> 00:52:40.480
 in our

00:52:40.480 --> 00:52:40.920
 discussion

00:52:40.920 --> 00:52:42.000
 is paramount

00:52:42.000 --> 00:52:42.600
 right

00:52:42.600 --> 00:52:44.240
 how different

00:52:44.240 --> 00:52:44.920
 Christians see

00:52:44.920 --> 00:52:45.500
 the strength

00:52:45.500 --> 00:52:45.740
 of the

00:52:45.740 --> 00:52:46.160
 evidence

00:52:46.160 --> 00:52:46.920
 and how

00:52:46.920 --> 00:52:47.440
 best to

00:52:47.440 --> 00:52:48.039
 reconcile it

00:52:48.039 --> 00:52:48.260
 to the

00:52:48.260 --> 00:52:48.519
 narrative

00:52:48.519 --> 00:52:49.100
 we've

00:52:49.100 --> 00:52:49.460
 received

00:52:49.460 --> 00:52:50.000
 is a

00:52:50.000 --> 00:52:50.559
 complex

00:52:50.559 --> 00:52:51.059
 issue

00:52:51.059 --> 00:52:51.880
 okay

00:52:51.880 --> 00:52:53.099
 but I

00:52:53.099 --> 00:52:53.340
 think

00:52:53.340 --> 00:52:53.820
 hopefully

00:52:53.820 --> 00:52:55.119
 ultimately

00:52:55.119 --> 00:52:56.559
 no matter

00:52:56.559 --> 00:52:57.360
 which scenario

00:52:57.360 --> 00:52:58.099
 you find

00:52:58.099 --> 00:52:58.500
 compelling

00:52:58.500 --> 00:52:59.699
 you can

00:52:59.699 --> 00:53:00.400
 stop and

00:53:00.400 --> 00:53:01.079
 glorify God

00:53:01.079 --> 00:53:01.619
 for humanity

00:53:01.619 --> 00:53:02.360
 saying in

00:53:02.360 --> 00:53:02.860
 the words

00:53:02.860 --> 00:53:04.000
 of Psalm

00:53:04.000 --> 00:53:04.360
 8

00:53:04.360 --> 00:53:05.940
 O Lord

00:53:05.940 --> 00:53:06.599
 our Lord

00:53:06.599 --> 00:53:07.220
 how majestic

00:53:07.220 --> 00:53:07.880
 is your name

00:53:07.880 --> 00:53:08.320
 in all the

00:53:08.320 --> 00:53:08.620
 earth

00:53:08.620 --> 00:53:10.180
 you have

00:53:10.180 --> 00:53:10.700
 set your

00:53:10.700 --> 00:53:11.200
 glory above

00:53:11.200 --> 00:53:11.740
 the heavens

00:53:11.740 --> 00:53:12.300
 out of the

00:53:12.300 --> 00:53:12.860
 mouth of

00:53:12.860 --> 00:53:13.420
 babies and

00:53:13.420 --> 00:53:13.820
 infants

00:53:13.820 --> 00:53:14.320
 you have

00:53:14.320 --> 00:53:14.760
 established

00:53:14.760 --> 00:53:15.360
 strength

00:53:15.360 --> 00:53:15.860
 because of

00:53:15.860 --> 00:53:16.460
 your foes

00:53:16.460 --> 00:53:17.360
 to steal

00:53:17.360 --> 00:53:17.840
 the enemy

00:53:17.840 --> 00:53:18.140
 and the

00:53:18.140 --> 00:53:18.519
 avenger

00:53:18.519 --> 00:53:19.780
 when I

00:53:19.780 --> 00:53:20.039
 look at

00:53:20.039 --> 00:53:20.579
 your heavens

00:53:20.579 --> 00:53:21.059
 the work

00:53:21.059 --> 00:53:21.280
 of your

00:53:21.280 --> 00:53:21.700
 fingers

00:53:21.700 --> 00:53:22.320
 the moon

00:53:22.320 --> 00:53:22.579
 and the

00:53:22.579 --> 00:53:22.920
 stars

00:53:22.920 --> 00:53:23.220
 which you

00:53:23.220 --> 00:53:23.519
 have set

00:53:23.519 --> 00:53:24.000
 in place

00:53:24.000 --> 00:53:25.079
 what is

00:53:25.079 --> 00:53:25.539
 man that

00:53:25.539 --> 00:53:25.740
 you are

00:53:25.740 --> 00:53:26.079
 mindful

00:53:26.079 --> 00:53:26.460
 of him

00:53:26.460 --> 00:53:27.099
 and the

00:53:27.099 --> 00:53:27.420
 son of

00:53:27.420 --> 00:53:27.640
 man

00:53:27.640 --> 00:53:27.920
 that you

00:53:27.920 --> 00:53:28.220
 care

00:53:28.220 --> 00:53:28.660
 for him

00:53:28.660 --> 00:53:29.960
 yet you

00:53:29.960 --> 00:53:30.320
 have made

00:53:30.320 --> 00:53:30.640
 him a

00:53:30.640 --> 00:53:30.780
 little

00:53:30.780 --> 00:53:31.140
 lower

00:53:31.140 --> 00:53:31.460
 than the

00:53:31.460 --> 00:53:31.700
 heavenly

00:53:31.700 --> 00:53:32.160
 beings

00:53:32.160 --> 00:53:32.940
 and crowned

00:53:32.940 --> 00:53:33.300
 him with

00:53:33.300 --> 00:53:33.980
 glory and

00:53:33.980 --> 00:53:34.300
 honor

00:53:34.300 --> 00:53:35.280
 you have

00:53:35.280 --> 00:53:35.740
 given him

00:53:35.740 --> 00:53:36.219
 dominion

00:53:36.219 --> 00:53:36.500
 over the

00:53:36.500 --> 00:53:36.820
 works of

00:53:36.820 --> 00:53:37.380
 your hands

00:53:37.380 --> 00:53:38.099
 you have

00:53:38.099 --> 00:53:38.519
 put all

00:53:38.519 --> 00:53:39.099
 things under

00:53:39.099 --> 00:53:39.639
 his feet

00:53:39.639 --> 00:53:40.940
 all sheep

00:53:40.940 --> 00:53:41.519
 and oxen

00:53:41.519 --> 00:53:42.179
 and also

00:53:42.179 --> 00:53:42.539
 the beasts

00:53:42.539 --> 00:53:42.780
 of the

00:53:42.780 --> 00:53:43.059
 field

00:53:43.059 --> 00:53:43.940
 the birds

00:53:43.940 --> 00:53:44.159
 of the

00:53:44.159 --> 00:53:44.420
 heavens

00:53:44.420 --> 00:53:44.679
 and the

00:53:44.679 --> 00:53:44.960
 fish of

00:53:44.960 --> 00:53:45.360
 the sea

00:53:45.360 --> 00:53:45.860
 whatever

00:53:45.860 --> 00:53:46.380
 passes

00:53:46.380 --> 00:53:46.820
 along the

00:53:46.820 --> 00:53:47.219
 paths

00:53:47.219 --> 00:53:47.500
 of the

00:53:47.500 --> 00:53:47.719
 sea

00:53:47.719 --> 00:53:49.440
 O Lord

00:53:49.440 --> 00:53:49.980
 our Lord

00:53:49.980 --> 00:53:50.719
 how majestic

00:53:50.719 --> 00:53:51.119
 is your

00:53:51.119 --> 00:53:51.599
 name in

00:53:51.599 --> 00:53:51.960
 all the

00:53:51.960 --> 00:53:52.240
 earth

00:53:52.240 --> 00:53:55.219
 all right

00:53:55.219 --> 00:53:56.079
 that is

00:53:56.079 --> 00:53:56.460
 it

00:53:56.460 --> 00:53:58.199
 that's all

00:53:58.199 --> 00:53:58.599
 I have

00:53:58.599 --> 00:53:59.019
 to talk

00:53:59.019 --> 00:53:59.280
 about

00:53:59.280 --> 00:53:59.699
 please

00:53:59.699 --> 00:54:00.280
 questions

00:54:00.280 --> 00:54:02.079
 if you

00:54:02.079 --> 00:54:02.579
 have any

00:54:02.579 --> 00:54:03.059
 about

00:54:03.059 --> 00:54:03.599
 human

00:54:03.599 --> 00:54:04.119
 origins

00:54:04.119 --> 00:54:04.719
 you guys

00:54:04.719 --> 00:54:05.159
 seeing where

00:54:05.159 --> 00:54:05.440
 the

00:54:05.440 --> 00:54:05.960
 tensions

00:54:05.960 --> 00:54:06.319
 are

00:54:06.319 --> 00:54:07.900
 yeah

00:54:07.900 --> 00:54:08.420
 it's

00:54:08.420 --> 00:54:09.539
 it's

00:54:09.539 --> 00:54:10.000
 complex

00:54:10.000 --> 00:54:10.539
 and I

00:54:10.539 --> 00:54:10.659
 think

00:54:10.659 --> 00:54:11.079
 ultimately

00:54:11.079 --> 00:54:12.819
 how

00:54:12.819 --> 00:54:13.420
 strong

00:54:13.420 --> 00:54:13.719
 you think

00:54:13.719 --> 00:54:13.839
 the

00:54:13.839 --> 00:54:14.139
 scientific

00:54:14.139 --> 00:54:14.460
 evidence

00:54:14.460 --> 00:54:14.779
 is

00:54:14.779 --> 00:54:14.900
 is

00:54:14.900 --> 00:54:15.099
 going to

00:54:15.099 --> 00:54:15.380
 depend

00:54:15.380 --> 00:54:15.579
 on

00:54:15.579 --> 00:54:15.759
 which

00:54:15.759 --> 00:54:15.839
 of

00:54:15.839 --> 00:54:15.980
 these

00:54:15.980 --> 00:54:16.400
 scenarios

00:54:16.400 --> 00:54:16.920
 you find

00:54:16.920 --> 00:54:17.159
 most

00:54:17.159 --> 00:54:17.500
 compelling

00:54:17.500 --> 00:54:19.440
 yeah

00:54:19.440 --> 00:54:22.559
 yeah

00:54:22.559 --> 00:54:24.559
!

00:54:24.559 --> 00:54:26.559
 yeah

00:54:26.559 --> 00:54:26.559


00:54:26.559 --> 00:54:29.559
 yeah

00:54:29.559 --> 00:54:30.559
 yeah

00:54:30.559 --> 00:54:39.400
 I

00:54:39.400 --> 00:54:39.579
 I

00:54:39.579 --> 00:54:39.799
 think

00:54:39.799 --> 00:54:40.119
 you're

00:54:40.119 --> 00:54:40.360
 right

00:54:40.360 --> 00:54:40.880
 I

00:54:40.880 --> 00:54:41.079
 think

00:54:41.079 --> 00:54:41.320
 those

00:54:41.320 --> 00:54:41.699
 categories

00:54:41.699 --> 00:54:41.960
 are

00:54:41.960 --> 00:54:42.400
 actually

00:54:42.400 --> 00:54:42.779
 helpful

00:54:42.779 --> 00:54:44.320
 there's

00:54:44.320 --> 00:54:44.539
 a book

00:54:44.539 --> 00:54:44.940
 I haven't

00:54:44.940 --> 00:54:45.139
 actually

00:54:45.139 --> 00:54:45.500
 gotten around

00:54:45.500 --> 00:54:45.799
 to reading

00:54:45.799 --> 00:54:46.139
 that I just

00:54:46.139 --> 00:54:46.420
 got for

00:54:46.420 --> 00:54:46.699
 Christmas

00:54:46.699 --> 00:54:47.779
 about

00:54:47.779 --> 00:54:48.940
 the

00:54:48.940 --> 00:54:49.860
 reformation

00:54:49.860 --> 00:54:50.340
 theology

00:54:50.340 --> 00:54:51.139
 and evolutionary

00:54:51.139 --> 00:54:51.500
 I think

00:54:51.500 --> 00:54:51.820
 that's one

00:54:51.820 --> 00:54:52.000
 of the

00:54:52.000 --> 00:54:52.320
 arguments

00:54:52.320 --> 00:54:52.679
 they make

00:54:52.679 --> 00:54:53.400
 but I

00:54:53.400 --> 00:54:53.739
 think

00:54:53.739 --> 00:54:54.440
 we

00:54:54.440 --> 00:54:54.599
 have to

00:54:54.599 --> 00:54:54.759
 be

00:54:54.759 --> 00:54:55.159
 careful

00:54:55.159 --> 00:54:55.779
 because

00:54:55.779 --> 00:54:56.099
 I don't

00:54:56.099 --> 00:54:56.279
 think

00:54:56.279 --> 00:54:56.420
 we

00:54:56.420 --> 00:54:56.799
 want

00:54:56.799 --> 00:54:56.960
 to

00:54:56.960 --> 00:54:57.239
 say

00:54:57.239 --> 00:54:57.779
 is

00:54:57.779 --> 00:54:58.039
 that

00:54:58.039 --> 00:54:58.639
 there

00:54:58.639 --> 00:54:58.879
 was

00:54:58.879 --> 00:54:59.980
 some

00:54:59.980 --> 00:55:00.399
 dude

00:55:00.399 --> 00:55:01.019
 in the

00:55:01.019 --> 00:55:01.179
 Middle

00:55:01.179 --> 00:55:01.559
 East

00:55:01.559 --> 00:55:02.539
 right

00:55:02.539 --> 00:55:02.779
 named

00:55:02.779 --> 00:55:03.159
 Adam

00:55:03.159 --> 00:55:03.759
 and he

00:55:03.759 --> 00:55:03.980
 did

00:55:03.980 --> 00:55:04.440
 something

00:55:04.440 --> 00:55:05.059
 and he

00:55:05.059 --> 00:55:05.420
 fell

00:55:05.420 --> 00:55:06.099
 and God

00:55:06.099 --> 00:55:07.819
 sort of

00:55:07.819 --> 00:55:09.399
 put that

00:55:09.399 --> 00:55:09.859
 on some

00:55:09.859 --> 00:55:10.519
 Native American

00:55:10.519 --> 00:55:11.420
 in America

00:55:11.420 --> 00:55:12.019
 you know

00:55:12.019 --> 00:55:12.619
 I feel like

00:55:12.619 --> 00:55:13.279
 there's some

00:55:13.279 --> 00:55:14.099
 we feel

00:55:14.099 --> 00:55:14.359
 that there's

00:55:14.359 --> 00:55:14.980
 a disconnect

00:55:14.980 --> 00:55:15.519
 there

00:55:15.519 --> 00:55:16.399
 in terms

00:55:16.399 --> 00:55:16.779
 of like

00:55:16.779 --> 00:55:16.940
 yeah

00:55:16.940 --> 00:55:17.319
 technically

00:55:17.319 --> 00:55:17.759
 we have

00:55:17.759 --> 00:55:18.279
 those legal

00:55:18.279 --> 00:55:18.859
 categories

00:55:18.859 --> 00:55:19.179
 but I

00:55:19.179 --> 00:55:19.399
 think

00:55:19.399 --> 00:55:20.460
 there's a

00:55:20.460 --> 00:55:20.699
 sense

00:55:20.699 --> 00:55:21.000
 where we're

00:55:21.000 --> 00:55:21.159
 like

00:55:21.159 --> 00:55:21.500
 I don't

00:55:21.500 --> 00:55:21.619
 know

00:55:21.619 --> 00:55:21.980
 if that's

00:55:21.980 --> 00:55:22.339
 really

00:55:22.339 --> 00:55:23.619
 in what

00:55:23.619 --> 00:55:23.920
 sense

00:55:23.920 --> 00:55:24.299
 is

00:55:24.299 --> 00:55:24.799
 all

00:55:24.800 --> 00:55:24.960
 of

00:55:24.960 --> 00:55:25.340
 humanity

00:55:25.340 --> 00:55:26.000
 in

00:55:26.000 --> 00:55:26.440
 Adam

00:55:26.440 --> 00:55:27.360
 in that

00:55:27.360 --> 00:55:27.600
 sense

00:55:27.600 --> 00:55:27.840
 so I

00:55:27.840 --> 00:55:28.019
 think

00:55:28.019 --> 00:55:28.519
 there are

00:55:28.519 --> 00:55:29.060
 limits

00:55:29.060 --> 00:55:29.880
 to that

00:55:29.880 --> 00:55:30.080
 but I

00:55:30.080 --> 00:55:30.220
 think

00:55:30.220 --> 00:55:30.360
 you're

00:55:30.360 --> 00:55:30.539
 right

00:55:30.539 --> 00:55:30.660
 I

00:55:30.660 --> 00:55:30.740
 mean

00:55:30.740 --> 00:55:30.840
 I

00:55:30.840 --> 00:55:30.980
 think

00:55:30.980 --> 00:55:31.120
 if

00:55:31.120 --> 00:55:31.480
 we

00:55:31.480 --> 00:55:31.600
 can

00:55:31.600 --> 00:55:31.800
 think

00:55:31.800 --> 00:55:31.920
 of

00:55:31.920 --> 00:55:32.100
 God

00:55:32.100 --> 00:55:32.260
 as

00:55:32.260 --> 00:55:33.060
 electing

00:55:33.060 --> 00:55:33.900
 a

00:55:33.900 --> 00:55:34.420
 group

00:55:34.420 --> 00:55:34.860
 or

00:55:34.860 --> 00:55:36.880
 population

00:55:36.880 --> 00:55:37.180
 of

00:55:37.180 --> 00:55:37.460
 humans

00:55:37.460 --> 00:55:37.660
 and

00:55:37.660 --> 00:55:37.920
 saying

00:55:37.920 --> 00:55:38.840
 and

00:55:38.840 --> 00:55:39.140
 making

00:55:39.140 --> 00:55:39.560
 Adam

00:55:39.560 --> 00:55:39.800
 the

00:55:39.800 --> 00:55:40.100
 federal

00:55:40.100 --> 00:55:40.480
 head

00:55:40.480 --> 00:55:41.260
 then

00:55:41.260 --> 00:55:42.519
 some

00:55:42.519 --> 00:55:42.660
 of

00:55:42.660 --> 00:55:42.980
 those

00:55:42.980 --> 00:55:43.480
 like

00:55:43.480 --> 00:55:44.060
 biological

00:55:44.060 --> 00:55:45.300
 restraints

00:55:45.300 --> 00:55:45.539
 are

00:55:45.539 --> 00:55:46.019
 kind of

00:55:46.019 --> 00:55:46.420
 mitigated

00:55:46.420 --> 00:55:47.019
 does that

00:55:47.019 --> 00:55:47.140
 make

00:55:47.140 --> 00:55:47.340
 sense

00:55:47.340 --> 00:55:48.000
 yeah

00:55:48.000 --> 00:55:49.380
 but not

00:55:49.380 --> 00:55:50.000
 like

00:55:50.000 --> 00:55:50.340
 there's

00:55:50.340 --> 00:55:50.560
 not

00:55:50.560 --> 00:55:51.580
 completely

00:55:51.580 --> 00:55:51.860
 a way

00:55:51.860 --> 00:55:52.100
 there

00:55:52.100 --> 00:55:52.840
 yeah

00:55:52.840 --> 00:55:53.140
 Matt

00:55:53.139 --> 00:55:54.359
 I'm

00:55:54.359 --> 00:55:54.659
 not

00:55:54.659 --> 00:55:55.400
 I

00:55:55.400 --> 00:55:55.619
 don't

00:55:55.619 --> 00:55:55.900
 hold

00:55:55.900 --> 00:55:56.079
 to

00:55:56.079 --> 00:55:56.319
 this

00:55:56.319 --> 00:55:56.619
 view

00:55:56.619 --> 00:55:57.000
 yeah

00:55:57.000 --> 00:55:57.519
 but

00:55:57.519 --> 00:55:58.719
 one

00:55:58.719 --> 00:55:58.980
 might

00:55:58.980 --> 00:55:59.379
 say

00:55:59.379 --> 00:56:00.259
 hey

00:56:00.259 --> 00:56:01.039
 you know

00:56:01.039 --> 00:56:01.400
 some

00:56:01.400 --> 00:56:01.739
 dude

00:56:01.739 --> 00:56:02.159
 in the

00:56:02.159 --> 00:56:02.739
 Middle East

00:56:02.739 --> 00:56:04.179
 died and

00:56:04.179 --> 00:56:04.799
 rose and

00:56:04.799 --> 00:56:05.139
 dead

00:56:05.139 --> 00:56:06.440
 and now

00:56:06.440 --> 00:56:07.619
 we can

00:56:07.619 --> 00:56:08.299
 be part of

00:56:08.299 --> 00:56:08.779
 it

00:56:08.779 --> 00:56:09.460
 yes

00:56:09.460 --> 00:56:09.940
 Native

00:56:09.940 --> 00:56:09.940


00:56:09.940 --> 00:56:10.460
 American

00:56:10.460 --> 00:56:10.800
 can

00:56:10.800 --> 00:56:10.920
 be

00:56:10.920 --> 00:56:11.220
 part

00:56:11.220 --> 00:56:11.400
 of

00:56:11.400 --> 00:56:11.740
 his

00:56:11.740 --> 00:56:12.400
 spiritual

00:56:12.400 --> 00:56:13.139
 family

00:56:13.139 --> 00:56:13.900
 yeah

00:56:13.900 --> 00:56:14.179
 that's

00:56:14.179 --> 00:56:14.380
 true

00:56:14.380 --> 00:56:14.679
 I mean

00:56:14.679 --> 00:56:14.900
 I think

00:56:14.900 --> 00:56:15.519
 in that

00:56:15.519 --> 00:56:15.940
 situation

00:56:15.940 --> 00:56:16.220
 there's

00:56:16.220 --> 00:56:16.460
 sort of

00:56:16.460 --> 00:56:16.800
 a

00:56:16.800 --> 00:56:18.039
 mechanism

00:56:18.039 --> 00:56:19.099
 by which

00:56:19.099 --> 00:56:20.179
 in faith

00:56:20.179 --> 00:56:20.960
 we

00:56:20.960 --> 00:56:22.099
 are grafted

00:56:22.099 --> 00:56:22.559
 into

00:56:22.559 --> 00:56:22.960
 the new

00:56:22.960 --> 00:56:23.300
 Adam

00:56:23.300 --> 00:56:24.179
 Adam's

00:56:24.179 --> 00:56:24.519
 family

00:56:24.519 --> 00:56:24.840
 right

00:56:24.840 --> 00:56:25.900
 I think

00:56:25.900 --> 00:56:26.099
 in the

00:56:26.099 --> 00:56:26.639
 earlier view

00:56:26.639 --> 00:56:27.880
 the difference

00:56:27.880 --> 00:56:28.199
 there would

00:56:28.199 --> 00:56:28.440
 be

00:56:28.440 --> 00:56:29.099
 there really

00:56:29.099 --> 00:56:29.659
 doesn't seem

00:56:29.659 --> 00:56:30.000
 to be a

00:56:30.000 --> 00:56:30.320
 mechanism

00:56:30.320 --> 00:56:30.860
 by which

00:56:30.860 --> 00:56:31.240
 the Native

00:56:31.240 --> 00:56:31.559
 American

00:56:31.559 --> 00:56:32.059
 would say

00:56:32.059 --> 00:56:32.840
 I'm

00:56:32.840 --> 00:56:33.199
 with that

00:56:33.199 --> 00:56:33.480
 guy

00:56:33.480 --> 00:56:33.840
 and why

00:56:33.840 --> 00:56:34.119
 would he

00:56:34.119 --> 00:56:34.559
 say that

00:56:34.559 --> 00:56:34.940
 you know

00:56:34.940 --> 00:56:35.720
 honestly

00:56:35.719 --> 00:56:39.259
 I mean

00:56:39.259 --> 00:56:39.459
 I think

00:56:39.459 --> 00:56:40.259
 in that

00:56:40.259 --> 00:56:40.779
 situation

00:56:40.779 --> 00:56:41.319
 I think

00:56:41.319 --> 00:56:42.000
 the

00:56:42.000 --> 00:56:42.559
 proponent

00:56:42.559 --> 00:56:43.279
 would probably

00:56:43.279 --> 00:56:44.159
 try to go

00:56:44.159 --> 00:56:44.559
 the way

00:56:44.559 --> 00:56:45.179
 of saying

00:56:45.179 --> 00:56:45.779
 well

00:56:45.779 --> 00:56:46.519
 there is a

00:56:46.519 --> 00:56:46.919
 fall

00:56:46.919 --> 00:56:47.319
 every

00:56:47.319 --> 00:56:47.899
 generation

00:56:47.899 --> 00:56:48.759
 like

00:56:48.759 --> 00:56:49.439
 every

00:56:49.439 --> 00:56:49.759
 human

00:56:49.759 --> 00:56:50.079
 being

00:56:50.079 --> 00:56:50.779
 falls

00:56:50.779 --> 00:56:51.419
 individually

00:56:51.419 --> 00:56:52.019
 but

00:56:52.019 --> 00:56:52.500
 again

00:56:52.500 --> 00:56:52.919
 I think

00:56:52.919 --> 00:56:53.139
 that

00:56:53.139 --> 00:56:53.919
 does

00:56:53.919 --> 00:56:55.500
 it

00:56:55.500 --> 00:56:56.500
 it

00:56:56.500 --> 00:56:56.819
 does

00:56:56.819 --> 00:56:57.439
 violence

00:56:57.439 --> 00:56:57.899
 in some

00:56:57.899 --> 00:56:58.139
 way

00:56:58.139 --> 00:56:58.659
 to the

00:56:58.659 --> 00:56:59.059
 storyline

00:56:59.059 --> 00:56:59.279
 that

00:56:59.279 --> 00:56:59.500
 scripture

00:56:59.500 --> 00:57:00.019
 is trying

00:57:00.019 --> 00:57:00.139
 to

00:57:00.139 --> 00:57:00.639
 communicate

00:57:00.639 --> 00:57:01.319
 right

00:57:01.319 --> 00:57:01.739
 which

00:57:01.739 --> 00:57:01.980
 there

00:57:01.980 --> 00:57:02.539
 was

00:57:02.539 --> 00:57:03.219
 initially

00:57:03.219 --> 00:57:04.199
 a

00:57:04.199 --> 00:57:05.000
 sense

00:57:05.000 --> 00:57:05.279
 in which

00:57:05.280 --> 00:57:05.880
 human beings

00:57:05.880 --> 00:57:06.680
 were good

00:57:06.680 --> 00:57:08.000
 and now

00:57:08.000 --> 00:57:08.680
 we're not

00:57:08.680 --> 00:57:09.060
 good

00:57:09.060 --> 00:57:09.880
 and it's

00:57:09.880 --> 00:57:10.320
 not just

00:57:10.320 --> 00:57:10.680
 a matter

00:57:10.680 --> 00:57:11.100
 of us

00:57:11.100 --> 00:57:12.120
 doing bad

00:57:12.120 --> 00:57:12.460
 things

00:57:12.460 --> 00:57:12.640
 there's

00:57:12.640 --> 00:57:12.800
 something

00:57:12.800 --> 00:57:13.160
 about our

00:57:13.160 --> 00:57:13.600
 nature

00:57:13.600 --> 00:57:14.140
 that seems

00:57:14.140 --> 00:57:14.480
 to have

00:57:14.480 --> 00:57:14.800
 been

00:57:14.800 --> 00:57:16.580
 changed

00:57:16.580 --> 00:57:17.140
 some way

00:57:17.140 --> 00:57:17.660
 right

00:57:17.660 --> 00:57:18.680
 and if I

00:57:18.680 --> 00:57:18.820
 think

00:57:18.820 --> 00:57:19.240
 you make

00:57:19.240 --> 00:57:19.640
 the argument

00:57:19.640 --> 00:57:20.360
 that every

00:57:20.360 --> 00:57:20.780
 generation

00:57:20.780 --> 00:57:21.280
 falls

00:57:21.280 --> 00:57:21.620
 then we're

00:57:21.620 --> 00:57:21.960
 just really

00:57:21.960 --> 00:57:22.380
 just saying

00:57:22.380 --> 00:57:22.880
 human beings

00:57:22.880 --> 00:57:23.220
 have always

00:57:23.220 --> 00:57:23.540
 been this

00:57:23.540 --> 00:57:23.780
 way

00:57:23.780 --> 00:57:24.519
 and it's

00:57:24.519 --> 00:57:24.760
 just a

00:57:24.760 --> 00:57:24.940
 matter

00:57:24.940 --> 00:57:25.260
 of

00:57:25.260 --> 00:57:25.860
 you know

00:57:25.860 --> 00:57:27.120
 getting

00:57:27.120 --> 00:57:27.480
 up the

00:57:27.480 --> 00:57:27.820
 pluck

00:57:27.820 --> 00:57:28.640
 and will

00:57:28.640 --> 00:57:29.140
 to just

00:57:29.140 --> 00:57:29.780
 not sin

00:57:29.780 --> 00:57:30.600
 which as

00:57:30.600 --> 00:57:31.240
 all of you

00:57:31.240 --> 00:57:31.519
 know

00:57:31.519 --> 00:57:32.240
 by the time

00:57:32.240 --> 00:57:32.660
 you're four

00:57:32.660 --> 00:57:33.080
 you've already

00:57:33.080 --> 00:57:33.500
 given up

00:57:33.500 --> 00:57:33.820
 on that

00:57:33.820 --> 00:57:34.519
 okay

00:57:34.519 --> 00:57:38.579
 alright guys

00:57:38.579 --> 00:57:39.559
 thanks so

00:57:39.559 --> 00:57:39.920
 much

00:57:39.920 --> 00:57:43.320
 yeah

00:57:43.320 --> 00:57:59.180
 hold on

00:57:59.180 --> 00:57:59.980
 let's see

00:57:59.980 --> 00:58:00.639
 yeah

00:58:00.639 --> 00:58:01.880
 hey

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