WEBVTT

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 Good morning, everyone. If you have your Bibles with you, please turn in them to Exodus chapter 21.

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 If you don't have a Bible, please raise your hand and we'll have someone grab one cup and bring it over to you that you can use.

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 Exodus 21, we're going to be in verses 12 to 32.

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 Let me pray for the reading and preaching of God's Word.

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 Heavenly Father, we honor you this morning by inclining and submitting ourselves to your Word.

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 Address us now. Speak to us.

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 Impress upon us the inestimable value of human life that you speak of here in this passage.

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 And renew in us a sense of wonder at the precious life of your Son, Jesus, who gave us life that we might live.

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 Give us understanding as we go through this complex passage.

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 Help me to speak clearly.

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 Give us all focus and understanding.

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 In Jesus' name we ask. Amen.

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 If you are able, please stand for the reading of God's Word from Exodus 21, verses 12 to 32.

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 Whoever strikes a man so that he dies shall be put to death.

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 Whoever strikes his father or his mother shall be put to death.

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 Whoever steals a man and sells him and anyone found in possession of him shall be put to death.

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 Whoever curses his father or his mother shall be put to death.

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 When men quarrel and one strikes the other with a stone or with his fist and the man does not die but takes to his bed,

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 then if the man rises again and walks outdoors with his staff, he who struck him shall be clear.

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 Only he shall pay for the loss of his time and shall have him thoroughly healed.

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 When a man strikes his slave, male or female, with a rod and the slave dies under his hand, he shall be avenged.

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 But if the slave survives a day or two, he is not to be avenged, for the slave is his money.

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 When men strive together and hit a pregnant woman so that her children come out, but there is no harm,

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 the one who hit her shall surely be fined as the woman's husband shall impose on him,

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 and he shall pay as the judges determine.

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 But if there is harm, then you shall pay life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth,

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 hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.

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 When a man strikes the eye of his slave, male or female, and destroys it,

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 he shall let the slave go free because of his eye.

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 If he knocks out the tooth of his slave, male or female, he shall let the slave go free because of his tooth.

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 When an ox gores a man or a woman to death, the ox shall be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten.

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 But the owner of the ox shall not be liable.

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 But if the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, and its owner has been warned but has not kept it in,

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 and it kills a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned, and its owner also shall be put to death.

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 If a ransom is imposed on him, then he shall give for the redemption of his life whatever is imposed on him.

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 If it gores a man's son or daughter, he shall be dealt with according to the same rule.

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 If the ox gores a slave, male or female, the owner shall give to their master 30 shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.

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 This is God's holy and authoritative word. Please be seated.

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 In case you're visiting for the first time, just so you know, I didn't look through the Bible and then decided,

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 this is the passage I want to preach on today.

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 We've been going through a book called Exodus.

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 We've been going through it from the beginning to the end.

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 We believe that every passage of Scripture is inspired by God, and so we don't skip passages,

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 and we believe this one too has something to teach us.

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 So last week we began this series, kind of a mini-series in this section of the book called

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 The Book of the Covenant, which details some of the laws, the practical laws,

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 fleshing out the Ten Commandments that were covered in Exodus 20.

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 So we covered labor laws last week.

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 We talked about slavery in ancient Israel times,

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 and this week we're talking about personal injury laws with focus on capital crimes.

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 And as I mentioned last week, because these rules and regulations are historically and culturally situated

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 for Jews living in the 15th century BC in ancient Near East,

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 and under a theocratic government, under the Old Covenant,

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 we can't lift these laws out of context and apply them directly to our 21st century U.S. context.

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 Because Jesus, as the new Israel, fulfilled the entire law,

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 we now need to interpret and apply every passage of Scripture through the lens of Christ

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 in light of how Christ has fulfilled it in the New Covenant.

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 So the principle of justice that we can still learn from this is this,

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 that we must safeguard human life, which has inestimable value,

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 and trust in Jesus who died so that we might live.

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 So that's what we're going to talk about today.

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 So we'll talk first about crimes punishable by death,

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 and then assault and battery, and then involuntary manslaughter.

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 Let's first look at crimes punishable by death.

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 If you look at verses 12 to 17,

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 you might notice that the phrase,

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 shall be put to death, is repeated again and again at the end of each case law.

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 Whoever does so and so shall be put to death.

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 So that tells us that this section is dealing with capital crimes.

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 You can tell what a society values by looking at what it prohibits.

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 What does it enforce?

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 What does it punish?

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 You can tell what it cherishes and protects by looking at its laws.

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 And so these laws here reveal what the Bible deems fundamental

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 to a just society in a fallen world.

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 While all the sins mentioned in verses 12 to 17

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 are bad enough to warrant a death penalty,

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 they're organized in a descending order of importance

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 with the worst crime being listed first.

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 So the order is murder, then assaulting one's parents,

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 and then stealing and selling a person,

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 and then fourth, cursing one's parents.

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 So let's look at these in turn.

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 First, verse 12 prohibits murder.

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 It says,

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 Whoever strikes a man so that he dies shall be put to death.

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 This is now unpacking the sixth commandment,

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 which was you shall not murder.

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 And violation of the sixth commandment is here enforced with capital punishment.

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 And then verses 13 to 14 address the issue of intent behind the killing.

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 It says,

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 But if he did not lie in wait for him,

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 but God let him fall into his hand,

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 then I will appoint for you a place to which he may flee.

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 But if a man willfully attacks another to kill him by cunning,

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 you shall take him from my altar that he may die.

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 Here's a wise distinction between accidental killing and intentional killing.

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 Bible provides some specific examples of this in Numbers 35 and also in Deuteronomy 19.

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 It says in Deuteronomy 19.5 that when someone is cutting down a tree in a forest with an axe,

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 and then the axe, the head of the axe, the sharp part of the axe flies off the handle and injures someone or kills someone,

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 that that would be considered accidental killing.

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 And the person is not responsible for the death of his neighbor in that case.

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 So these kinds of accidental homicides are what's in view here in verse 13.

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 So in our modern day, accidental discharge of firearms could fall into this category in certain situations.

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 And notice it says that God let him fall into his hand,

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 meaning it was from a strictly human perspective, a chance event.

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 Though, as this verse tells us, all such chance events still happen under God's sovereign control.

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 That's why it says God let him fall into his hand.

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 Since it was out of the man's hands completely,

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 a person who accidentally struck someone dead is to flee to a place that will be appointed.

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 This is an anticipation of cities of refuge that will be established later on in Numbers 35 and Deuteronomy 19.

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 And under Israel's justice system, there's no active police force.

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 If there is a murder, it was the responsibility of the kinsman redeemer or the avenger of blood,

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 the nearest kin of the deceased person, to avenge the death of his relative, to enforce that penalty.

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 But because the Bible wants to prevent kind of this cycle of revenge killings,

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 in the event of an accidental homicide like this,

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 there's a city of refuge set aside to where these people who have accidentally killed someone could flee.

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 So that they have immunity there and are protected from the wrath of the avenger of blood.

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 However, there is no city of refuge for a murderer.

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 It says in verse 14,

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 But if a man willfully attacks another to kill him by cunning,

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 you shall take him from my altar that he may die.

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 The word willfully communicates intent.

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 And this is not an accidental killing, it's an intentional killing.

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 And the word cunning conveys deliberation.

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 Our modern laws distinguish between intent and premeditation.

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 For example, when someone kills a person in the heat of anger without planning,

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 having planned to kill before, they distinguish that.

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 So they call that voluntary manslaughter,

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 but it's not murder because there was no premeditation.

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 Now, the Bible does not make those kind of distinctions.

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 The Bible takes murder more seriously,

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 and it takes manslaughter more seriously.

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 And so it doesn't distinguish between intent and premeditation.

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 Whether you had two years to premeditate and to plan a killing,

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 or whether you had a split second to plan a killing in your heat of anger,

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 if you intended to do it,

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 the Bible considers it murder and enforces it that way.

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 And that's because giving and taking away life is God's prerogative.

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 And a murderer takes someone else's life into his own hand,

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 presuming to arrogate this divine prerogative.

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 For such a person there is no refuge.

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 Verse 14 speaks of taking the murderer from the altar that he may die.

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 That's an allusion to the ancient practice of where a fugitive can run and take hold of the horns of the altar

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 as a way of basically confessing their sins and pleading guilty.

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 And they're pleading guilty and saying,

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 Have mercy on me.

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 I'm going to hold on to the horns of the altar.

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 Now, you find examples of this in 1 Kings chapters 1 and 2.

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 After a failed coup, Adonijah and Joab are both afraid of how the newly appointed King Solomon is going to punish them.

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 And so they flee to the tent of the Lord and take hold of the horns of the altar, not at the same time.

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 And what's fascinating is that Solomon promises Adonijah, who was the first one to hold on to the altar,

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 that he's not going to punish him.

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 He's not going to kill him for his treason.

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 However, in the next chapter, when Joab does the exact same thing, Solomon says,

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 Take him down and kill him.

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 So what's going on?

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 So why does the altar work for one person but not the other?

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 And here's the reason that Solomon gives.

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 He says,

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 Do as he has said.

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 Strike Joab down and bury him.

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 And thus take away from me and from my father's house the guilt for the blood that Joab shed without cause.

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 The Lord will bring back his bloody deeds on his own head because without the knowledge of my father David,

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 he attacked and killed with the sword two men more righteous and better than himself.

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 Abner, son of Ner, commander of the army of Israel, and Amasad, son of Jether, commander of the army of Judah.

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 So if you know the story, Joab had killed in peace times and avenged the death of his loved ones during peace time

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 by killing these two commanders of their respective armies.

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 And so that was innocent blood that was shed that was still on Joab's hands.

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 And it's because he was a murderer that he could not take refuge at the horn of the altar.

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 He's taken away from the altar to be killed.

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 So this distinction between accidental homicide and deliberate homicide teach us a very important truth about God.

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 Namely that God cares not only about what we do, but about why we do them.

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 God judges us not only by our actions, but also by the intentions of the heart.

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 For example, stealing is objectively wrong.

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 It is sinful to steal.

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 But there is a difference between a selfish, malicious thief who steals to enrich himself at the expense of others

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 and a thief who steals out of desperation to feed his kids.

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 God sees.

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 He sees into the human heart.

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 There's an objective dimension to sin and a subjective dimension to sin.

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 And God, who alone sees the inner workings of the human heart,

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 will take everything into account and judge with perfect justice.

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 Having delineated the general law concerning murder,

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 verses 15 to 17 list off a few more crimes that warrant the death penalty in Israel.

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 Both verses 15 and 17 deal with the way children treat their parents.

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 So they're unpacking the fifth commandment, which is honor your father and your mother.

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 Verse 15 says,

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 Whoever strikes his father or his mother shall be put to death.

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 And verse 17 says,

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 Whoever curses his father or his mother shall be put to death.

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 The word curse here doesn't mean formally to invoke a curse down upon your parents.

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 It also does not mean to utter obscenities or expletives at one's parents.

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 It's a general word here that's translated curse that means to make light of someone.

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 It's actually the exact antonym of the word to honor in the fifth commandment,

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 to honor your parents, to consider your parents weighty, to give weight to them, to honor them.

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 But this word, to curse, translated curse here is to make light of someone,

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 to slight someone, to belittle someone, to dishonor someone.

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 And so it certainly includes uttering obscenities and expletives,

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 but it's not limited to that.

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 It's more comprehensive than that.

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 So striking one's parents is more severe than simply dishonoring them

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 because you're not only damaging their reputation and feelings,

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 but also damaging them physically.

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 However, both the striking of the fist and the lashing of the tongue warrant the death penalty.

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 For some of us, that probably seems like overkill.

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 And as I mentioned before, that you can tell what a society cherishes

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 by what it enforces and punishes.

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 And these verses reveal just how much emphasis the Bible places

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 on proper relationship between parents and children.

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 If you want to hear a little more about that,

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 you can go back and listen to my sermon on the fifth commandment from Exodus 20.

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 But I'll summarize briefly why it's so important in the Bible.

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 It's because the children are the future of our society.

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 And because healthy parent-children relations are essential for the health and growth of children,

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 it's not an overstatement to say that parent-child relations are foundational to a functioning society.

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 And so if that parent-child relationship is subverted,

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 it's destructive for society as a whole.

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 So to prevent this, Scripture has severe punishment to deter people from this kind of sin,

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 to stop this contagion of rebellion and contempt toward fathers and mothers

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 from spreading throughout the society of Israel.

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 And not only that, because parents are the first authority figures that children interface with,

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 the way they treat their parents have implications

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 for how they relate to authority figures throughout society.

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 And that connection is illustrated by the fact that throughout the Bible,

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 not only the literal biological mothers and fathers,

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 but also other leader figures like judges and priests and prophets

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 are referred to as fathers and mothers.

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 And so this includes even the authority of God.

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 God reveals Himself to us as a heavenly Father.

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 God reveals His Father.

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 And because of that, earthly parents are patterned after our Heavenly Father.

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 So similar to how God creates man in His own image,

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 He says in Genesis 1.27 and Genesis 5.3

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 that Adam fathered a son in his own image.

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 So parents are literally copying and imitating what God did in creating people.

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 And so parents image God in their begetting and rearing of children.

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 And because parents are instituted by God,

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 appointed by God to exercise authority over their children,

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 when they dishonor their parents,

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 and that has implications.

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 It affects the way they perceive the authority of God.

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 It affects the way they perceive the fatherhood of God.

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 That connection is seen clearly in Exodus 22.28.

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 If you skip forward a little bit to verse 28 in chapter 22,

00:18:40.879 --> 00:18:41.179
 it says,

00:18:41.319 --> 00:18:44.799
 You shall not revile God, nor curse a ruler of your people.

00:18:45.399 --> 00:18:49.679
 That word translated revile there is actually the exact same Hebrew word

00:18:49.679 --> 00:18:53.199
 that was translated curse in verse 17 of chapter 21.

00:18:54.179 --> 00:18:57.339
 Whoever curses his father or his mother shall be put to death.

00:18:58.139 --> 00:19:00.659
 So if you slight your parents,

00:19:00.659 --> 00:19:02.359
 if you dishonor your parents,

00:19:02.359 --> 00:19:04.819
 if you slight God,

00:19:04.919 --> 00:19:05.500
 dishonor God,

00:19:05.559 --> 00:19:06.779
 if you slight your ruler,

00:19:07.779 --> 00:19:09.019
 a leader of your people,

00:19:09.759 --> 00:19:10.799
 the three people,

00:19:10.959 --> 00:19:11.619
 the categories of people,

00:19:11.719 --> 00:19:12.059
 God,

00:19:12.379 --> 00:19:13.240
 the society's rulers,

00:19:13.339 --> 00:19:16.039
 and your parents are all objects of the same command

00:19:16.039 --> 00:19:19.000
 because they represent different levels of authority

00:19:19.000 --> 00:19:19.740
 over the home,

00:19:19.919 --> 00:19:20.579
 over society,

00:19:20.659 --> 00:19:22.899
 and over the entire visible and invisible world.

00:19:24.019 --> 00:19:27.139
 This demonstrates the interconnectedness of these commands

00:19:27.139 --> 00:19:29.099
 and why God places such a premium

00:19:29.099 --> 00:19:30.899
 on the honoring of one's parents.

00:19:30.900 --> 00:19:34.620
 The erosion of one authority erodes all other authorities.

00:19:36.060 --> 00:19:36.160
 Now,

00:19:36.240 --> 00:19:39.780
 interposed between the two stipulations concerning parents is verse 16,

00:19:40.180 --> 00:19:41.800
 which prohibits man stealing.

00:19:41.960 --> 00:19:42.200
 It says,

00:19:42.460 --> 00:19:44.580
 Whoever steals a man and sells him,

00:19:45.040 --> 00:19:48.380
 and anyone found in possession of him shall be put to death.

00:19:48.380 --> 00:19:54.580
 The Bible never prescribes the death penalty for stealing property

00:19:54.580 --> 00:19:59.200
 because people are more important than property.

00:19:59.740 --> 00:20:00.500
 However,

00:20:00.840 --> 00:20:04.600
 it does prescribe the death penalty for man stealing

00:20:04.600 --> 00:20:08.900
 because a man is not supposed to be property

00:20:08.900 --> 00:20:13.160
 regardless of the complexion of their color

00:20:13.160 --> 00:20:14.960
 or gender or age

00:20:14.960 --> 00:20:16.700
 or socioeconomic status.

00:20:18.220 --> 00:20:18.519
 And so,

00:20:18.680 --> 00:20:20.960
 as I mentioned last week in my sermon on slavery

00:20:20.960 --> 00:20:22.680
 and labor laws in ancient Israel,

00:20:23.019 --> 00:20:24.279
 this verse alone,

00:20:24.840 --> 00:20:28.860
 if rightly understood and applied in our context,

00:20:29.400 --> 00:20:31.960
 would have dealt a singular death blow

00:20:31.960 --> 00:20:33.700
 to the transatlantic slave trade

00:20:33.700 --> 00:20:36.720
 and to slavery and modern-day slavery in general

00:20:36.720 --> 00:20:39.799
 because all that was sourced through man stealing,

00:20:40.660 --> 00:20:41.019
 kidnapping,

00:20:41.559 --> 00:20:43.019
 and then selling a man.

00:20:44.620 --> 00:20:45.059
 And so,

00:20:45.480 --> 00:20:47.759
 it's a powerful verse

00:20:47.759 --> 00:20:50.180
 that has huge implications for society.

00:20:50.519 --> 00:20:50.640
 So,

00:20:50.680 --> 00:20:52.039
 those are all capital crimes.

00:20:52.299 --> 00:20:52.420
 Now,

00:20:52.480 --> 00:20:54.640
 let's look at verses 18 to 27,

00:20:55.160 --> 00:20:57.519
 which turn to assault and battery.

00:20:58.400 --> 00:20:58.600
 Now,

00:20:58.779 --> 00:21:00.460
 these laws offer details

00:21:00.460 --> 00:21:03.259
 for how to govern cases of violence

00:21:03.259 --> 00:21:04.900
 that do not lead to death.

00:21:04.900 --> 00:21:07.160
 It says in verses 18 to 19,

00:21:07.300 --> 00:21:08.460
 when men quarrel

00:21:08.460 --> 00:21:11.100
 and one strikes the other with the stone

00:21:11.100 --> 00:21:12.160
 or with his fist

00:21:12.160 --> 00:21:13.960
 and the man does not die

00:21:13.960 --> 00:21:15.080
 but takes to his bed,

00:21:15.320 --> 00:21:16.759
 then if the man rises again

00:21:16.759 --> 00:21:18.480
 and walks outdoors with his staff,

00:21:18.900 --> 00:21:21.080
 he who struck him shall be clear.

00:21:21.600 --> 00:21:23.720
 Only he shall pay for the loss of his time

00:21:23.720 --> 00:21:25.440
 and shall have him thoroughly healed.

00:21:26.100 --> 00:21:26.300
 So,

00:21:26.380 --> 00:21:28.000
 these men are in the,

00:21:28.060 --> 00:21:28.720
 are tossed,

00:21:28.860 --> 00:21:29.880
 they're in the midst of a quarrel

00:21:29.880 --> 00:21:31.500
 when one strikes the other.

00:21:32.180 --> 00:21:32.560
 And,

00:21:32.660 --> 00:21:33.460
 it's not,

00:21:33.460 --> 00:21:35.700
 it's not strictly speaking,

00:21:35.779 --> 00:21:36.019
 you know,

00:21:36.200 --> 00:21:36.759
 accidental,

00:21:37.200 --> 00:21:37.400
 right?

00:21:37.519 --> 00:21:38.680
 Because it's in,

00:21:38.980 --> 00:21:39.700
 they're fighting,

00:21:39.860 --> 00:21:40.960
 there's hostile intent.

00:21:41.100 --> 00:21:41.200
 So,

00:21:41.240 --> 00:21:43.240
 this is an intentional one.

00:21:43.559 --> 00:21:43.860
 But,

00:21:43.940 --> 00:21:45.600
 the strike does not end in death.

00:21:45.799 --> 00:21:45.960
 It,

00:21:45.960 --> 00:21:46.140
 it,

00:21:46.240 --> 00:21:48.100
 it ends in a serious injury

00:21:48.100 --> 00:21:49.880
 that causes the man to be bedridden

00:21:49.880 --> 00:21:51.779
 and need to rest and recover.

00:21:52.420 --> 00:21:53.480
 In a case like this,

00:21:53.539 --> 00:21:54.700
 the man who struck him

00:21:54.700 --> 00:21:55.740
 shall be clear,

00:21:56.240 --> 00:21:56.559
 meaning,

00:21:57.000 --> 00:21:59.299
 he's clear of the guilt of murder

00:21:59.299 --> 00:22:00.819
 because he did not kill him.

00:22:01.579 --> 00:22:01.980
 However,

00:22:02.339 --> 00:22:02.919
 it says in,

00:22:03.039 --> 00:22:04.919
 it says in the following verses,

00:22:05.079 --> 00:22:06.899
 only he shall pay for the loss of his time

00:22:06.899 --> 00:22:08.359
 and shall have him thoroughly healed.

00:22:09.079 --> 00:22:09.740
 In other words,

00:22:10.059 --> 00:22:11.299
 the man who struck him

00:22:11.299 --> 00:22:12.659
 is financially responsible

00:22:12.659 --> 00:22:14.519
 for the injured man's loss of time,

00:22:14.639 --> 00:22:15.980
 all the money that he would have earned

00:22:15.980 --> 00:22:17.339
 if he hadn't been injured

00:22:17.339 --> 00:22:19.059
 by doing his normal work.

00:22:19.519 --> 00:22:20.200
 And also,

00:22:20.279 --> 00:22:22.059
 he is responsible for the man's healing,

00:22:22.240 --> 00:22:23.659
 for his medical expenses,

00:22:24.220 --> 00:22:25.480
 all the money that takes,

00:22:25.480 --> 00:22:27.279
 it comes out of the offender's pocket.

00:22:27.279 --> 00:22:28.200
 Now,

00:22:28.299 --> 00:22:29.899
 keep this case in mind

00:22:29.899 --> 00:22:31.960
 as we look at verses 20 to 21,

00:22:32.079 --> 00:22:34.160
 which deals with another case of battery,

00:22:34.299 --> 00:22:34.899
 but this time,

00:22:35.180 --> 00:22:36.000
 it's an altercation

00:22:36.000 --> 00:22:37.879
 between a master and his slave.

00:22:38.839 --> 00:22:39.379
 It says,

00:22:39.500 --> 00:22:41.279
 when a man strikes his slave,

00:22:41.700 --> 00:22:42.399
 male or female,

00:22:42.539 --> 00:22:43.180
 with a rod,

00:22:43.279 --> 00:22:45.319
 and the slave dies under his hand,

00:22:45.639 --> 00:22:47.359
 he shall be avenged.

00:22:47.819 --> 00:22:50.079
 But if the slave survives a day or two,

00:22:50.160 --> 00:22:51.420
 he is not to be avenged,

00:22:51.420 --> 00:22:53.819
 for the slave is his money.

00:22:54.720 --> 00:22:55.879
 Explain what this means.

00:22:55.880 --> 00:22:58.160
 Verse 21 is structurally parallel

00:22:58.160 --> 00:22:59.900
 to verses 18 and 19

00:22:59.900 --> 00:23:02.040
 and follows the same logical order.

00:23:02.300 --> 00:23:03.120
 So, first,

00:23:03.320 --> 00:23:04.580
 if the slave that was struck

00:23:04.580 --> 00:23:05.860
 dies under his hand,

00:23:05.920 --> 00:23:07.120
 he shall be avenged.

00:23:07.520 --> 00:23:08.440
 The word avenged

00:23:08.440 --> 00:23:10.280
 doesn't necessarily mean to kill,

00:23:10.540 --> 00:23:12.680
 but in this context,

00:23:12.880 --> 00:23:15.380
 it does refer to the death penalty

00:23:15.380 --> 00:23:18.020
 because if you look at Jeremiah 50, 15,

00:23:18.140 --> 00:23:18.980
 it explains exactly

00:23:18.980 --> 00:23:20.320
 what this word avenged means,

00:23:20.400 --> 00:23:21.920
 and it means to do to her

00:23:21.920 --> 00:23:23.420
 as she has done.

00:23:23.420 --> 00:23:25.640
 So, it's to render

00:23:25.640 --> 00:23:27.700
 proportional punishment,

00:23:27.840 --> 00:23:28.640
 reciprocal punishment.

00:23:28.820 --> 00:23:30.519
 And so, if he kills the slave,

00:23:30.640 --> 00:23:31.880
 then he shall be avenged,

00:23:31.940 --> 00:23:33.340
 meaning he is subject

00:23:33.340 --> 00:23:34.340
 to the death penalty,

00:23:34.440 --> 00:23:35.620
 even though it's his slave.

00:23:36.920 --> 00:23:38.880
 Now, but if he survives,

00:23:38.920 --> 00:23:40.220
 the slave survives a day or two,

00:23:40.279 --> 00:23:41.740
 he's not to be avenged,

00:23:42.460 --> 00:23:44.600
 for the slave is his money.

00:23:45.600 --> 00:23:47.240
 Now, if you come to Scripture

00:23:47.240 --> 00:23:48.960
 with suspicion,

00:23:49.200 --> 00:23:50.100
 seeking confirmation,

00:23:50.099 --> 00:23:52.059
 that sounds really wrong, right?

00:23:52.399 --> 00:23:53.819
 The slave is his money.

00:23:54.359 --> 00:23:55.059
 What does that mean?

00:23:55.240 --> 00:23:56.000
 So, like, if this,

00:23:56.179 --> 00:23:57.139
 does that mean that

00:23:57.139 --> 00:23:58.879
 the master can treat his slave

00:23:58.879 --> 00:23:59.659
 however he wants?

00:23:59.759 --> 00:24:00.599
 Maybe can he kill him?

00:24:00.639 --> 00:24:01.299
 Well, obviously not,

00:24:01.319 --> 00:24:01.899
 because if he kills him,

00:24:01.959 --> 00:24:04.199
 he'll be subject to death penalty.

00:24:04.819 --> 00:24:05.799
 Well, then can he beat him

00:24:05.799 --> 00:24:06.639
 as much as he wants?

00:24:06.719 --> 00:24:07.259
 Of course not,

00:24:07.279 --> 00:24:08.559
 because as we see

00:24:08.559 --> 00:24:09.439
 in the later verses,

00:24:09.719 --> 00:24:11.799
 verse 26, 27,

00:24:11.959 --> 00:24:13.419
 if the master maims the slave,

00:24:13.500 --> 00:24:14.699
 he has to let the slave go free.

00:24:15.179 --> 00:24:16.559
 If he destroys his eye

00:24:16.559 --> 00:24:17.439
 or knocks out his tooth,

00:24:17.439 --> 00:24:18.719
 he has to let the slave go free.

00:24:18.720 --> 00:24:20.339
 So, it's not saying

00:24:20.339 --> 00:24:21.759
 that the slave is his money,

00:24:21.860 --> 00:24:23.019
 meaning he can do to him

00:24:23.019 --> 00:24:23.839
 whatever he wants.

00:24:23.940 --> 00:24:25.480
 That's not what this is saying.

00:24:25.579 --> 00:24:26.759
 Rather, the verse is parallel

00:24:26.759 --> 00:24:30.600
 to verses 18 and 19

00:24:30.600 --> 00:24:31.220
 that we saw

00:24:31.220 --> 00:24:33.740
 dealing with the injury

00:24:33.740 --> 00:24:34.900
 of the man that was bedridden.

00:24:35.640 --> 00:24:37.559
 So, if the slave is bedridden,

00:24:38.160 --> 00:24:39.900
 if the slave is injured

00:24:39.900 --> 00:24:40.799
 and is bedridden,

00:24:41.240 --> 00:24:42.319
 who is responsible

00:24:42.319 --> 00:24:43.460
 for his medical expenses?

00:24:44.500 --> 00:24:45.160
 It's the master.

00:24:45.500 --> 00:24:46.640
 The slave has no money

00:24:46.640 --> 00:24:47.200
 to his account.

00:24:47.200 --> 00:24:48.940
 If the slave is bedridden

00:24:48.940 --> 00:24:49.539
 and the slave,

00:24:49.660 --> 00:24:51.200
 all the labor that the slaver does

00:24:51.200 --> 00:24:52.340
 makes money for the master,

00:24:52.920 --> 00:24:54.700
 who is losing money

00:24:54.700 --> 00:24:55.759
 during the time

00:24:55.759 --> 00:24:57.380
 that the slave is bedridden?

00:24:57.559 --> 00:24:58.340
 It's the master.

00:24:59.180 --> 00:25:00.460
 So, all the money

00:25:00.460 --> 00:25:01.620
 that the slave needs

00:25:01.620 --> 00:25:02.860
 for his recuperation,

00:25:02.980 --> 00:25:03.960
 for his medical expenses,

00:25:04.059 --> 00:25:05.600
 and for the loss of time

00:25:05.600 --> 00:25:07.220
 that the Bible guarantees

00:25:07.220 --> 00:25:08.220
 for an injured party,

00:25:08.580 --> 00:25:09.779
 it all comes out

00:25:09.779 --> 00:25:10.840
 of the master's pocket.

00:25:11.480 --> 00:25:12.340
 That's what it means

00:25:12.340 --> 00:25:12.840
 when it says

00:25:12.840 --> 00:25:14.140
 that the slave is his money.

00:25:14.240 --> 00:25:15.240
 And so, even though

00:25:15.240 --> 00:25:16.220
 he is to be avenged,

00:25:16.220 --> 00:25:17.140
 if he kills the slave,

00:25:17.220 --> 00:25:18.079
 if he is injured,

00:25:18.460 --> 00:25:20.000
 the master is already punished

00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:21.039
 through the loss of time

00:25:21.039 --> 00:25:23.339
 and through the medical expenses

00:25:23.339 --> 00:25:24.700
 that come through the slave.

00:25:24.819 --> 00:25:26.299
 And so, he is not to be avenged

00:25:26.299 --> 00:25:27.380
 on top of that

00:25:27.380 --> 00:25:29.480
 is what this verse is saying.

00:25:31.460 --> 00:25:32.579
 Does that make more sense?

00:25:33.059 --> 00:25:33.160
 Yeah.

00:25:34.900 --> 00:25:35.660
 So far,

00:25:35.839 --> 00:25:37.720
 in terms of personal injury laws,

00:25:37.779 --> 00:25:38.259
 we've covered

00:25:38.259 --> 00:25:39.299
 intentional killing

00:25:39.299 --> 00:25:40.559
 and accidental killing,

00:25:40.900 --> 00:25:42.200
 as well as intentional

00:25:42.200 --> 00:25:43.079
 assault and battery.

00:25:43.079 --> 00:25:45.359
 now we cover collateral damage.

00:25:45.799 --> 00:25:47.259
 When injury is inflicted

00:25:47.259 --> 00:25:48.740
 incidentally on a person

00:25:48.740 --> 00:25:50.359
 that was not the intended target.

00:25:50.879 --> 00:25:52.379
 It says in verse 22,

00:25:53.079 --> 00:25:54.740
 when men strive together

00:25:54.740 --> 00:25:55.879
 and hit a pregnant woman

00:25:55.879 --> 00:25:58.259
 so that her children come out,

00:25:58.819 --> 00:26:00.139
 but there is no harm,

00:26:00.899 --> 00:26:01.859
 the one who hit her

00:26:01.859 --> 00:26:03.519
 shall surely be fined

00:26:03.519 --> 00:26:04.439
 as the woman's husband

00:26:04.439 --> 00:26:05.460
 shall impose on him,

00:26:05.759 --> 00:26:06.599
 and he shall pay

00:26:06.599 --> 00:26:08.119
 as the judges determine.

00:26:08.119 --> 00:26:10.599
 This is a fascinating case

00:26:10.599 --> 00:26:11.039
 because,

00:26:11.679 --> 00:26:12.359
 on the one hand,

00:26:12.419 --> 00:26:13.239
 the battery is not

00:26:13.239 --> 00:26:14.479
 exactly accidental.

00:26:15.339 --> 00:26:15.959
 The men were,

00:26:15.959 --> 00:26:16.299
 you know,

00:26:16.359 --> 00:26:18.179
 tussling in public.

00:26:18.459 --> 00:26:19.519
 Surely they understand

00:26:19.519 --> 00:26:20.759
 that people nearby

00:26:20.759 --> 00:26:21.979
 are at risk,

00:26:22.059 --> 00:26:23.139
 that they pose a threat

00:26:23.139 --> 00:26:24.279
 to people around them.

00:26:24.299 --> 00:26:25.439
 So it's not accidental,

00:26:25.779 --> 00:26:28.019
 but it's also not intentional

00:26:28.019 --> 00:26:29.019
 because they weren't trying

00:26:29.019 --> 00:26:30.099
 to hit the pregnant woman.

00:26:30.199 --> 00:26:30.579
 They were trying

00:26:30.579 --> 00:26:31.739
 to hit each other.

00:26:32.659 --> 00:26:33.039
 And so,

00:26:33.239 --> 00:26:34.659
 it's very similar,

00:26:34.779 --> 00:26:35.019
 I think,

00:26:35.119 --> 00:26:36.019
 to the case

00:26:36.019 --> 00:26:37.619
 of a goring ox

00:26:37.619 --> 00:26:38.679
 that we'll see later on.

00:26:39.059 --> 00:26:40.979
 It's probably an injury

00:26:40.979 --> 00:26:41.839
 inflicted on someone

00:26:41.839 --> 00:26:43.019
 by negligence.

00:26:43.759 --> 00:26:44.019
 So,

00:26:44.339 --> 00:26:44.939
 the interpretation

00:26:44.939 --> 00:26:45.739
 of this verse

00:26:45.739 --> 00:26:46.799
 is highly debated

00:26:46.799 --> 00:26:47.739
 because there are

00:26:47.739 --> 00:26:49.000
 some problematic translations

00:26:49.000 --> 00:26:50.439
 that has produced

00:26:50.439 --> 00:26:52.179
 some incorrect interpretations.

00:26:53.019 --> 00:26:53.219
 So,

00:26:53.299 --> 00:26:54.000
 to give an example,

00:26:54.500 --> 00:26:55.939
 the Revised Standard Version,

00:26:56.099 --> 00:26:56.619
 RSV,

00:26:57.159 --> 00:26:58.959
 translates verses 22 to 23

00:26:58.959 --> 00:26:59.419
 this way.

00:26:59.539 --> 00:26:59.739
 It says,

00:27:00.399 --> 00:27:01.719
 When men strive together

00:27:01.719 --> 00:27:04.059
 and hurt a woman with child

00:27:04.059 --> 00:27:06.919
 so that there is a miscarriage,

00:27:06.920 --> 00:27:09.539
 and yet no harm follows,

00:27:10.100 --> 00:27:11.460
 the one who hurt her

00:27:11.460 --> 00:27:12.300
 shall be fined,

00:27:12.360 --> 00:27:13.560
 according to the woman's husband,

00:27:13.860 --> 00:27:15.120
 shall lay upon him,

00:27:15.259 --> 00:27:16.160
 and he shall pay

00:27:16.160 --> 00:27:17.100
 as the judges determine.

00:27:17.560 --> 00:27:18.980
 If any harm follows,

00:27:19.100 --> 00:27:19.880
 then you shall give

00:27:19.880 --> 00:27:20.580
 life for life,

00:27:20.700 --> 00:27:21.259
 eye for eye,

00:27:21.360 --> 00:27:21.960
 tooth for tooth,

00:27:22.080 --> 00:27:22.700
 hand for hand,

00:27:22.800 --> 00:27:23.259
 so on.

00:27:23.880 --> 00:27:24.140
 So,

00:27:24.600 --> 00:27:26.120
 according to this translation,

00:27:26.620 --> 00:27:27.840
 the tussling men

00:27:27.840 --> 00:27:28.600
 have caused

00:27:28.600 --> 00:27:30.400
 a woman's miscarriage,

00:27:30.779 --> 00:27:31.240
 and yet,

00:27:31.240 --> 00:27:33.200
 it is nevertheless possible

00:27:33.200 --> 00:27:35.519
 that no harm is done.

00:27:36.240 --> 00:27:36.400
 So,

00:27:36.460 --> 00:27:36.960
 that's how they're

00:27:36.960 --> 00:27:37.840
 interpreting this passage.

00:27:38.319 --> 00:27:38.480
 So,

00:27:38.539 --> 00:27:39.620
 if they interpret it that way,

00:27:39.740 --> 00:27:40.819
 then the harm

00:27:40.819 --> 00:27:42.840
 must refer only to the harm

00:27:42.840 --> 00:27:44.140
 that comes upon the woman.

00:27:44.799 --> 00:27:45.259
 So,

00:27:45.380 --> 00:27:46.140
 it doesn't matter

00:27:46.140 --> 00:27:47.420
 what happens to the baby,

00:27:47.980 --> 00:27:48.980
 that's not harm,

00:27:49.039 --> 00:27:50.039
 as long as nothing happens

00:27:50.039 --> 00:27:50.559
 to the woman,

00:27:50.819 --> 00:27:51.819
 but if something happens

00:27:51.819 --> 00:27:52.400
 to the woman,

00:27:52.799 --> 00:27:52.980
 you know,

00:27:53.019 --> 00:27:54.340
 then you pay life for life.

00:27:54.480 --> 00:27:54.620
 So,

00:27:54.700 --> 00:27:55.380
 some people

00:27:55.380 --> 00:27:56.900
 who are looking

00:27:56.900 --> 00:27:57.519
 for justification

00:27:57.519 --> 00:27:58.259
 in Scripture

00:27:58.259 --> 00:27:59.740
 to not consider

00:27:59.740 --> 00:28:00.420
 the baby in the womb

00:28:00.420 --> 00:28:00.860
 a human

00:28:00.860 --> 00:28:02.420
 use this passage

00:28:02.420 --> 00:28:03.300
 that way.

00:28:03.600 --> 00:28:04.000
 But,

00:28:04.060 --> 00:28:05.560
 this is a bad translation

00:28:05.560 --> 00:28:07.180
 and an even worse

00:28:07.180 --> 00:28:07.920
 interpretation

00:28:07.920 --> 00:28:09.320
 of these verses.

00:28:09.820 --> 00:28:09.960
 And,

00:28:10.000 --> 00:28:10.539
 here are the reasons.

00:28:10.660 --> 00:28:11.340
 The Hebrew expression

00:28:11.340 --> 00:28:12.140
 in verse 22

00:28:12.140 --> 00:28:12.960
 is literally

00:28:12.960 --> 00:28:14.140
 so that her children

00:28:14.140 --> 00:28:14.980
 come out,

00:28:15.900 --> 00:28:16.880
 exactly the way

00:28:16.880 --> 00:28:18.080
 the ESV translates it.

00:28:18.279 --> 00:28:19.200
 It does not say

00:28:19.200 --> 00:28:20.080
 so that there is

00:28:20.080 --> 00:28:21.140
 a miscarriage

00:28:21.140 --> 00:28:22.660
 as the RSV has it.

00:28:23.039 --> 00:28:24.320
 That's an over translation.

00:28:25.720 --> 00:28:26.740
 When the Hebrew word

00:28:26.740 --> 00:28:27.720
 for come out

00:28:27.720 --> 00:28:28.640
 is used to refer

00:28:28.640 --> 00:28:29.180
 to children

00:28:29.180 --> 00:28:29.660
 in the womb

00:28:29.660 --> 00:28:30.940
 in other contexts

00:28:30.940 --> 00:28:31.540
 of the Bible,

00:28:31.900 --> 00:28:33.519
 it always refers

00:28:33.519 --> 00:28:35.440
 to live births

00:28:35.440 --> 00:28:36.820
 and not to a stillbirth.

00:28:37.460 --> 00:28:37.600
 So,

00:28:37.759 --> 00:28:39.080
 in Genesis 25,

00:28:39.340 --> 00:28:40.200
 in Genesis 38,

00:28:40.320 --> 00:28:41.640
 when Jacob and Esau

00:28:41.640 --> 00:28:42.040
 are born

00:28:42.040 --> 00:28:44.200
 and when Zerah is born,

00:28:44.340 --> 00:28:45.060
 it simply says

00:28:45.060 --> 00:28:46.340
 that they came out.

00:28:47.279 --> 00:28:47.600
 Moreover,

00:28:47.740 --> 00:28:48.900
 there is a specific

00:28:48.900 --> 00:28:50.019
 Hebrew word

00:28:50.019 --> 00:28:51.540
 that means miscarriage.

00:28:51.800 --> 00:28:52.320
 And,

00:28:52.440 --> 00:28:53.120
 there is a specific

00:28:53.120 --> 00:28:53.759
 Hebrew word

00:28:53.759 --> 00:28:55.080
 that means stillborn.

00:28:55.800 --> 00:28:56.100
 And,

00:28:56.100 --> 00:28:57.120
 neither of these words

00:28:57.120 --> 00:28:57.580
 are used

00:28:57.580 --> 00:28:58.360
 in this verse.

00:28:58.359 --> 00:28:59.719
 the word

00:28:59.719 --> 00:29:00.339
 that is used here

00:29:00.339 --> 00:29:00.759
 is simply

00:29:00.759 --> 00:29:02.359
 that they came out.

00:29:03.939 --> 00:29:04.259
 And so,

00:29:04.419 --> 00:29:04.979
 verse 22

00:29:04.979 --> 00:29:05.699
 is not referring

00:29:05.699 --> 00:29:06.479
 to a miscarriage

00:29:06.479 --> 00:29:08.019
 but to a premature birth,

00:29:08.519 --> 00:29:09.500
 which is exactly

00:29:09.500 --> 00:29:10.659
 what reputable

00:29:10.659 --> 00:29:11.219
 translations

00:29:11.219 --> 00:29:12.599
 like the CSB

00:29:12.599 --> 00:29:13.219
 and NIV

00:29:13.219 --> 00:29:14.019
 render it.

00:29:14.539 --> 00:29:15.059
 So then,

00:29:15.139 --> 00:29:16.099
 when two men

00:29:16.099 --> 00:29:16.819
 who are fighting

00:29:16.819 --> 00:29:17.419
 with each other

00:29:17.419 --> 00:29:18.219
 unwittingly strike

00:29:18.219 --> 00:29:19.000
 a pregnant woman

00:29:19.000 --> 00:29:20.459
 so that she gives birth

00:29:20.459 --> 00:29:21.359
 prematurely

00:29:21.359 --> 00:29:22.500
 to her baby,

00:29:22.979 --> 00:29:24.039
 if both the mother

00:29:24.039 --> 00:29:27.119
 and the baby

00:29:27.119 --> 00:29:27.740
 are healthy

00:29:27.740 --> 00:29:29.259
 and there is no harm,

00:29:29.659 --> 00:29:30.639
 then the punishment

00:29:30.639 --> 00:29:31.299
 for the man

00:29:31.299 --> 00:29:31.680
 who hit her

00:29:31.680 --> 00:29:32.720
 is merely a fine

00:29:32.720 --> 00:29:33.839
 for causing

00:29:33.839 --> 00:29:34.819
 the distress

00:29:34.819 --> 00:29:36.299
 and the scare

00:29:36.299 --> 00:29:37.500
 of the premature labor

00:29:37.500 --> 00:29:38.500
 that he induced.

00:29:39.399 --> 00:29:39.720
 And,

00:29:39.779 --> 00:29:40.500
 the woman's husband

00:29:40.500 --> 00:29:41.639
 who is the head

00:29:41.639 --> 00:29:42.159
 of the household

00:29:42.159 --> 00:29:42.859
 and is responsible

00:29:42.859 --> 00:29:43.420
 for the care

00:29:43.420 --> 00:29:43.980
 of his wife

00:29:43.980 --> 00:29:45.960
 will impose a fine

00:29:45.960 --> 00:29:47.159
 and then that fine

00:29:47.159 --> 00:29:48.420
 will be deliberated on

00:29:48.420 --> 00:29:49.119
 by the judges

00:29:49.119 --> 00:29:50.079
 and they will ultimately

00:29:50.079 --> 00:29:50.799
 give a verdict

00:29:50.799 --> 00:29:51.599
 to determine

00:29:51.599 --> 00:29:52.180
 how much

00:29:52.180 --> 00:29:53.039
 the man should pay.

00:29:53.980 --> 00:29:54.380
 But,

00:29:54.539 --> 00:29:56.000
 if there is harm

00:29:56.000 --> 00:29:58.180
 and since the object

00:29:58.180 --> 00:29:58.700
 of the harm

00:29:58.700 --> 00:29:59.460
 is not specified,

00:29:59.620 --> 00:30:00.279
 I would assume here

00:30:00.279 --> 00:30:00.960
 that it involves

00:30:00.960 --> 00:30:01.860
 both the child

00:30:01.860 --> 00:30:02.820
 and the mom,

00:30:03.060 --> 00:30:03.820
 if there is harm

00:30:03.820 --> 00:30:04.299
 to either,

00:30:04.400 --> 00:30:04.840
 it says,

00:30:05.420 --> 00:30:05.920
 you shall pay

00:30:05.920 --> 00:30:06.779
 life for life,

00:30:07.080 --> 00:30:07.759
 eye for eye,

00:30:07.960 --> 00:30:08.580
 tooth for tooth,

00:30:08.759 --> 00:30:09.420
 hand for hand,

00:30:09.660 --> 00:30:10.360
 foot for foot,

00:30:10.799 --> 00:30:11.480
 burn for burn,

00:30:11.660 --> 00:30:12.320
 wound for wound,

00:30:12.500 --> 00:30:13.480
 stripe for stripe.

00:30:14.240 --> 00:30:15.180
 This is the famous

00:30:15.180 --> 00:30:16.120
 legal principle

00:30:16.120 --> 00:30:17.420
 called lex talionis

00:30:17.420 --> 00:30:18.480
 which is translated

00:30:18.480 --> 00:30:19.740
 law of retaliation.

00:30:21.100 --> 00:30:22.140
 This principle

00:30:22.140 --> 00:30:23.220
 is articulated

00:30:23.220 --> 00:30:24.060
 in this way

00:30:24.060 --> 00:30:25.860
 to be memorable

00:30:25.860 --> 00:30:27.280
 for rhetorical purposes,

00:30:27.440 --> 00:30:28.000
 life for life,

00:30:28.100 --> 00:30:28.600
 eye for eye,

00:30:28.740 --> 00:30:30.100
 but it's not intended

00:30:30.100 --> 00:30:31.220
 to be applied,

00:30:31.420 --> 00:30:32.600
 enforced literally.

00:30:33.640 --> 00:30:35.020
 It's making the point

00:30:35.020 --> 00:30:36.000
 that the punishment

00:30:36.000 --> 00:30:37.840
 should be commensurate

00:30:37.840 --> 00:30:39.120
 with the crime.

00:30:39.380 --> 00:30:40.000
 The punishment

00:30:40.000 --> 00:30:41.180
 should be proportional

00:30:41.180 --> 00:30:42.980
 to the crime,

00:30:43.180 --> 00:30:44.420
 not that the punishment

00:30:44.420 --> 00:30:45.520
 should be identical

00:30:45.520 --> 00:30:47.020
 to the crime.

00:30:47.340 --> 00:30:47.780
 Do you understand

00:30:47.780 --> 00:30:48.180
 the difference?

00:30:48.780 --> 00:30:49.360
 So, for example,

00:30:49.720 --> 00:30:49.740
 in,

00:30:50.440 --> 00:30:51.620
 to give you some examples,

00:30:51.619 --> 00:30:52.799
 in November 2021,

00:30:53.859 --> 00:30:55.259
 a man who smuggled

00:30:55.259 --> 00:30:56.339
 and sold copies

00:30:56.339 --> 00:30:58.219
 of the Netflix series

00:30:58.219 --> 00:30:59.039
 Squid Game

00:30:59.039 --> 00:31:01.019
 was sentenced to death

00:31:01.019 --> 00:31:02.159
 by firing squad

00:31:02.159 --> 00:31:03.000
 in North Korea.

00:31:04.639 --> 00:31:06.779
 A student who purchased

00:31:06.779 --> 00:31:07.479
 the drive

00:31:07.479 --> 00:31:08.119
 with the show

00:31:08.119 --> 00:31:08.659
 downloaded on

00:31:08.659 --> 00:31:09.059
 and received

00:31:09.059 --> 00:31:09.959
 a life sentence,

00:31:09.960 --> 00:31:12.200
 six other students

00:31:12.200 --> 00:31:13.279
 who just watched

00:31:13.279 --> 00:31:13.720
 the video

00:31:13.720 --> 00:31:14.220
 were sentenced

00:31:14.220 --> 00:31:15.160
 to five years

00:31:15.160 --> 00:31:15.779
 of hard labor.

00:31:16.920 --> 00:31:17.360
 Now,

00:31:17.620 --> 00:31:18.279
 the punishment

00:31:18.279 --> 00:31:19.299
 was excessive

00:31:19.299 --> 00:31:21.680
 and not proportional

00:31:21.680 --> 00:31:22.460
 to the crime.

00:31:22.460 --> 00:31:25.420
 this is not life

00:31:25.420 --> 00:31:25.840
 for life,

00:31:25.940 --> 00:31:27.319
 but life for I

00:31:27.319 --> 00:31:28.299
 or worse.

00:31:30.079 --> 00:31:31.039
 Or consider this example

00:31:31.039 --> 00:31:31.960
 from 1983

00:31:31.960 --> 00:31:33.940
 when a British judge

00:31:33.940 --> 00:31:34.759
 sentenced a man

00:31:34.759 --> 00:31:35.860
 to 12 months

00:31:35.860 --> 00:31:36.480
 in prison,

00:31:37.019 --> 00:31:37.720
 eight of which

00:31:37.720 --> 00:31:38.960
 were suspended.

00:31:39.319 --> 00:31:40.000
 So this man

00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:40.420
 only served

00:31:40.420 --> 00:31:41.160
 four months

00:31:41.160 --> 00:31:41.759
 in prison

00:31:41.759 --> 00:31:42.920
 for assaulting

00:31:42.920 --> 00:31:43.799
 and raping

00:31:43.799 --> 00:31:45.180
 a six-year-old girl,

00:31:45.539 --> 00:31:48.000
 which was considered

00:31:48.000 --> 00:31:48.840
 too lenient

00:31:48.840 --> 00:31:49.420
 at the time

00:31:49.420 --> 00:31:50.360
 and it caused

00:31:50.360 --> 00:31:51.620
 widespread outrage

00:31:51.620 --> 00:31:52.300
 leading to some

00:31:52.300 --> 00:31:53.100
 legal changes.

00:31:53.320 --> 00:31:54.259
 That's not life

00:31:54.259 --> 00:31:54.720
 for life.

00:31:55.220 --> 00:31:56.259
 That's tooth

00:31:56.259 --> 00:31:56.960
 for life.

00:31:58.100 --> 00:31:59.039
 Or worse,

00:31:59.420 --> 00:31:59.960
 both of those

00:31:59.960 --> 00:32:00.480
 are unjust.

00:32:01.940 --> 00:32:02.660
 We know that

00:32:02.660 --> 00:32:03.360
 lex talionis

00:32:03.360 --> 00:32:04.120
 was not meant

00:32:04.120 --> 00:32:04.840
 to be applied

00:32:04.840 --> 00:32:05.279
 literally

00:32:05.279 --> 00:32:06.500
 from the following

00:32:06.500 --> 00:32:06.820
 verses.

00:32:06.960 --> 00:32:07.380
 Look at verses

00:32:07.380 --> 00:32:08.460
 26 to 27.

00:32:09.600 --> 00:32:10.019
 When a man

00:32:10.019 --> 00:32:11.240
 strikes the eye

00:32:11.240 --> 00:32:12.100
 of his slave,

00:32:12.240 --> 00:32:12.820
 male or female,

00:32:12.940 --> 00:32:13.759
 and destroys it,

00:32:14.100 --> 00:32:14.960
 he shall let the slave

00:32:14.960 --> 00:32:15.580
 go free

00:32:15.580 --> 00:32:16.560
 because of his eye.

00:32:16.820 --> 00:32:17.759
 If he knocks out

00:32:17.759 --> 00:32:18.580
 the tooth

00:32:18.580 --> 00:32:19.360
 of his slave,

00:32:19.420 --> 00:32:20.039
 male or female,

00:32:20.100 --> 00:32:20.740
 he shall let the slave

00:32:20.740 --> 00:32:21.360
 go free

00:32:21.360 --> 00:32:22.860
 because of his tooth.

00:32:23.300 --> 00:32:24.060
 So immediately

00:32:24.060 --> 00:32:25.240
 after articulating

00:32:25.240 --> 00:32:25.800
 the principle

00:32:25.800 --> 00:32:26.700
 of eye for eye

00:32:26.700 --> 00:32:27.580
 and tooth for tooth,

00:32:27.660 --> 00:32:29.160
 here are very clear

00:32:29.160 --> 00:32:30.279
 specific examples

00:32:30.279 --> 00:32:31.400
 of when literally

00:32:31.400 --> 00:32:32.759
 an eye is destroyed

00:32:32.759 --> 00:32:33.380
 and a tooth

00:32:33.380 --> 00:32:34.019
 is knocked out

00:32:34.019 --> 00:32:34.960
 and the punishment

00:32:34.960 --> 00:32:35.800
 is not that you

00:32:35.800 --> 00:32:36.860
 poke out his eye

00:32:36.860 --> 00:32:37.940
 and knock out his tooth.

00:32:38.060 --> 00:32:38.320
 No.

00:32:38.740 --> 00:32:39.620
 You let the slave

00:32:39.620 --> 00:32:40.259
 go free.

00:32:40.860 --> 00:32:41.420
 The idea is

00:32:41.420 --> 00:32:42.900
 proportional justice,

00:32:43.360 --> 00:32:44.420
 proportional punishment,

00:32:44.580 --> 00:32:46.740
 not identical punishment.

00:32:47.900 --> 00:32:48.539
 The slave

00:32:48.539 --> 00:32:49.259
 is compensated

00:32:49.259 --> 00:32:50.119
 by his freedom

00:32:50.119 --> 00:32:50.680
 and the master

00:32:50.680 --> 00:32:51.180
 is punished

00:32:51.180 --> 00:32:51.799
 by the loss

00:32:51.799 --> 00:32:52.859
 of his slave's labor.

00:32:56.859 --> 00:32:57.460
 And this is

00:32:57.460 --> 00:32:58.159
 unprecedented

00:32:58.159 --> 00:32:59.099
 actually because

00:32:59.099 --> 00:32:59.799
 if you search

00:32:59.799 --> 00:33:00.539
 other ancient

00:33:00.539 --> 00:33:01.119
 Near Eastern

00:33:01.119 --> 00:33:02.220
 legal collections

00:33:02.220 --> 00:33:02.659
 and there's

00:33:02.659 --> 00:33:03.579
 quite a few of them,

00:33:03.940 --> 00:33:05.399
 you find no law

00:33:05.399 --> 00:33:06.460
 addressing abusive

00:33:06.460 --> 00:33:07.460
 behavior by masters.

00:33:08.420 --> 00:33:09.359
 There are laws

00:33:09.359 --> 00:33:09.819
 that provide

00:33:09.819 --> 00:33:10.559
 some protection

00:33:10.559 --> 00:33:11.220
 for slaves

00:33:11.220 --> 00:33:12.440
 from other people,

00:33:12.659 --> 00:33:13.379
 but there are

00:33:13.379 --> 00:33:14.359
 no protections

00:33:14.359 --> 00:33:15.159
 for slaves

00:33:15.159 --> 00:33:16.339
 from their own masters

00:33:16.339 --> 00:33:17.039
 in other ancient

00:33:17.039 --> 00:33:17.759
 Near Eastern laws.

00:33:18.019 --> 00:33:19.099
 Only here in Scripture

00:33:19.099 --> 00:33:19.720
 do you find that.

00:33:21.079 --> 00:33:22.059
 And as that example

00:33:22.059 --> 00:33:22.399
 shows,

00:33:22.500 --> 00:33:23.279
 the eye-for-eye

00:33:23.279 --> 00:33:24.240
 principle in Scripture

00:33:24.240 --> 00:33:25.279
 was not intended

00:33:25.279 --> 00:33:25.959
 to be applied

00:33:25.959 --> 00:33:26.619
 literally.

00:33:27.139 --> 00:33:28.119
 We find another

00:33:28.119 --> 00:33:28.899
 confirmation of that

00:33:28.899 --> 00:33:30.119
 in verses 18 to 19.

00:33:30.199 --> 00:33:30.939
 Remember when the man

00:33:30.939 --> 00:33:31.559
 was struck

00:33:31.559 --> 00:33:33.419
 and injured

00:33:33.419 --> 00:33:34.259
 and he was bedridden?

00:33:34.579 --> 00:33:35.519
 What's the punishment?

00:33:36.019 --> 00:33:36.879
 Strike the other guy,

00:33:36.939 --> 00:33:37.639
 make him bedridden?

00:33:37.740 --> 00:33:37.980
 No.

00:33:38.179 --> 00:33:38.959
 It was to pay

00:33:38.959 --> 00:33:40.099
 for the loss of time

00:33:40.099 --> 00:33:40.699
 and to pay

00:33:40.699 --> 00:33:41.819
 for his medical expenses.

00:33:43.019 --> 00:33:44.099
 Proportional punishment.

00:33:44.099 --> 00:33:46.879
 This is in contrast

00:33:46.879 --> 00:33:48.099
 to other ancient

00:33:48.099 --> 00:33:48.899
 law codes

00:33:48.899 --> 00:33:50.480
 that apparently

00:33:50.480 --> 00:33:51.899
 enforced this kind

00:33:51.899 --> 00:33:52.899
 of justice literally.

00:33:53.719 --> 00:33:54.199
 So for example,

00:33:54.319 --> 00:33:55.379
 the Code of Hammurabi,

00:33:55.539 --> 00:33:56.839
 a Babylonian legal text,

00:33:56.939 --> 00:33:57.919
 which is often compared

00:33:57.919 --> 00:33:58.919
 to the Book of the Covenant,

00:33:59.059 --> 00:33:59.559
 says this,

00:34:00.059 --> 00:34:01.359
 If a son strike his father,

00:34:01.480 --> 00:34:02.419
 his hands

00:34:02.419 --> 00:34:03.879
 shall be hewn off.

00:34:04.319 --> 00:34:05.500
 If a man put out

00:34:05.500 --> 00:34:06.339
 the eye of another,

00:34:06.419 --> 00:34:08.039
 his eyes shall be put out.

00:34:08.299 --> 00:34:09.500
 If a man knocks out

00:34:09.500 --> 00:34:10.400
 the teeth of his equal,

00:34:10.559 --> 00:34:11.559
 his teeth shall be

00:34:11.559 --> 00:34:12.380
 knocked out.

00:34:12.380 --> 00:34:14.900
 The wording is so specific

00:34:14.900 --> 00:34:16.220
 that it gives the impression

00:34:16.220 --> 00:34:18.559
 that this was literally enforced,

00:34:19.599 --> 00:34:22.340
 which I think is quite,

00:34:23.780 --> 00:34:25.119
 what's the word?

00:34:25.880 --> 00:34:27.800
 It's severe, barbaric.

00:34:28.220 --> 00:34:28.579
 Furthermore,

00:34:28.800 --> 00:34:29.660
 the Code of Hammurabi

00:34:29.660 --> 00:34:31.660
 did not offer equal protection

00:34:31.660 --> 00:34:35.160
 to people of inferior social status,

00:34:35.579 --> 00:34:36.320
 like slaves,

00:34:36.700 --> 00:34:37.640
 as the Bible does.

00:34:38.320 --> 00:34:38.800
 For example,

00:34:38.900 --> 00:34:39.920
 in the Code of Hammurabi,

00:34:39.920 --> 00:34:42.240
 if a property-owning citizen

00:34:42.240 --> 00:34:43.059
 puts out the eye

00:34:43.059 --> 00:34:44.720
 of another property-owning citizen,

00:34:45.039 --> 00:34:46.619
 his eye is literally put out.

00:34:47.139 --> 00:34:48.720
 But if he puts out the eye

00:34:48.720 --> 00:34:50.720
 of a lower-class free person

00:34:50.720 --> 00:34:52.320
 who does not own property,

00:34:52.500 --> 00:34:53.260
 a poor person,

00:34:53.639 --> 00:34:54.539
 well, then he only needs

00:34:54.539 --> 00:34:55.639
 to pay one gold miner.

00:34:56.320 --> 00:34:56.500
 Okay?

00:34:57.019 --> 00:34:58.320
 And if he puts out the eye

00:34:58.320 --> 00:34:59.480
 of someone else's slave,

00:35:00.099 --> 00:35:00.820
 well, then he only needs

00:35:00.820 --> 00:35:02.800
 to pay half of the slave's value,

00:35:03.360 --> 00:35:04.720
 which must not have been much

00:35:04.720 --> 00:35:06.460
 because the same Code stipulates

00:35:06.460 --> 00:35:07.639
 that the man whose ox

00:35:07.639 --> 00:35:09.199
 kills a slave only needs

00:35:09.199 --> 00:35:10.639
 to pay one-third of a miner,

00:35:10.779 --> 00:35:12.139
 and the ox doesn't even get killed.

00:35:13.199 --> 00:35:14.699
 So the proportional punishment

00:35:14.699 --> 00:35:15.960
 was only guaranteed

00:35:15.960 --> 00:35:17.339
 to upper-class citizens

00:35:17.339 --> 00:35:19.579
 in these other ancient Near Eastern laws,

00:35:19.659 --> 00:35:20.440
 and they enforced

00:35:20.440 --> 00:35:21.539
 the eye for eye principle

00:35:21.539 --> 00:35:24.319
 with great literally.

00:35:24.859 --> 00:35:26.219
 And that's in stark contrast

00:35:26.219 --> 00:35:27.119
 to the Book of Exodus

00:35:27.119 --> 00:35:28.079
 and the Book of the Covenant,

00:35:28.440 --> 00:35:29.299
 where the principle

00:35:29.299 --> 00:35:30.920
 of proportional punishment

00:35:30.920 --> 00:35:32.319
 is applied wisely

00:35:32.319 --> 00:35:33.799
 and consistently

00:35:33.800 --> 00:35:36.680
 to masters and slaves alike.

00:35:37.860 --> 00:35:38.680
 So, so far,

00:35:38.740 --> 00:35:39.260
 we've looked at

00:35:39.260 --> 00:35:40.420
 personal injury laws

00:35:40.420 --> 00:35:41.200
 governing crimes

00:35:41.200 --> 00:35:42.080
 committed by humans.

00:35:42.280 --> 00:35:43.340
 Now we turn to cases

00:35:43.340 --> 00:35:45.500
 of involuntary manslaughter.

00:35:46.500 --> 00:35:50.280
 This is not like

00:35:50.280 --> 00:35:51.600
 what a normal sermon is like,

00:35:51.700 --> 00:35:52.640
 so just so you guys know,

00:35:52.720 --> 00:35:54.060
 it's kind of dense

00:35:54.060 --> 00:35:55.120
 because of the nature

00:35:55.120 --> 00:35:55.600
 of the passage,

00:35:56.340 --> 00:35:57.120
 but you guys have been

00:35:57.120 --> 00:35:57.660
 very patient,

00:35:57.780 --> 00:35:58.260
 and you're listening

00:35:58.260 --> 00:35:58.940
 really, really well.

00:36:00.740 --> 00:36:02.120
 So it says in verse 28,

00:36:02.119 --> 00:36:04.440
 when an ox gores a man

00:36:04.440 --> 00:36:05.980
 or a woman to death,

00:36:06.099 --> 00:36:07.099
 the ox shall be stoned

00:36:07.099 --> 00:36:08.599
 and its flesh shall not be eaten,

00:36:08.920 --> 00:36:10.179
 but the owner of the ox

00:36:10.179 --> 00:36:11.599
 shall not be liable.

00:36:12.500 --> 00:36:15.279
 An ox that gores a human to death

00:36:15.279 --> 00:36:17.440
 is without exception killed.

00:36:18.420 --> 00:36:19.719
 But that's not only

00:36:19.719 --> 00:36:20.839
 for the sake of preventing

00:36:20.839 --> 00:36:22.639
 similar incidents in the future,

00:36:23.139 --> 00:36:24.119
 yet it's also for the sake

00:36:24.119 --> 00:36:24.779
 of justice,

00:36:24.940 --> 00:36:26.599
 because Genesis 9.5 says

00:36:26.599 --> 00:36:28.460
 that any beast that kills a man,

00:36:28.579 --> 00:36:30.059
 that God will require a reckoning

00:36:30.059 --> 00:36:31.099
 for that lifeblood.

00:36:31.099 --> 00:36:32.779
 So it doesn't matter

00:36:32.779 --> 00:36:34.719
 how ignorant the beast is,

00:36:34.819 --> 00:36:36.380
 because it took the life,

00:36:36.480 --> 00:36:38.019
 it dared to take the life

00:36:38.019 --> 00:36:39.179
 of a human being

00:36:39.179 --> 00:36:40.539
 created in the image of God.

00:36:41.299 --> 00:36:42.299
 Its own life,

00:36:42.420 --> 00:36:43.279
 therefore, is forfeited.

00:36:44.400 --> 00:36:45.139
 Once again,

00:36:45.259 --> 00:36:46.980
 this sets Exodus apart

00:36:46.980 --> 00:36:47.739
 from other ancient

00:36:47.739 --> 00:36:49.039
 Eastern law codes,

00:36:49.119 --> 00:36:50.199
 because there is

00:36:50.199 --> 00:36:51.059
 an exact parallel

00:36:51.059 --> 00:36:52.239
 where an ox gores

00:36:52.239 --> 00:36:52.799
 someone to death,

00:36:53.000 --> 00:36:54.400
 and the ox is never killed

00:36:54.400 --> 00:36:55.339
 in those other texts.

00:36:57.659 --> 00:36:59.000
 The sanctity of life,

00:36:59.000 --> 00:37:00.940
 the Bible places supreme value

00:37:00.940 --> 00:37:02.059
 on the sanctity of human life.

00:37:03.199 --> 00:37:04.699
 And according to this text,

00:37:04.860 --> 00:37:05.800
 not only is the ox

00:37:05.800 --> 00:37:06.500
 to be stoned,

00:37:06.880 --> 00:37:07.840
 after it's dead,

00:37:07.960 --> 00:37:08.639
 its flesh

00:37:08.639 --> 00:37:10.179
 shall not be eaten.

00:37:11.039 --> 00:37:11.440
 Why?

00:37:11.539 --> 00:37:12.239
 Because it would be

00:37:12.239 --> 00:37:12.800
 inappropriate

00:37:12.800 --> 00:37:14.619
 to have a feast

00:37:14.619 --> 00:37:15.940
 thanks to an ox

00:37:15.940 --> 00:37:16.860
 that gores someone

00:37:16.860 --> 00:37:17.440
 to death.

00:37:18.239 --> 00:37:19.219
 The flesh

00:37:19.219 --> 00:37:20.360
 of the dead ox

00:37:20.360 --> 00:37:21.039
 is considered

00:37:21.039 --> 00:37:21.880
 unclean,

00:37:22.079 --> 00:37:22.579
 unfit

00:37:22.579 --> 00:37:23.539
 for human consumption.

00:37:23.539 --> 00:37:25.380
 So this also serves

00:37:25.380 --> 00:37:26.139
 to punish

00:37:26.139 --> 00:37:27.400
 the owner of the ox.

00:37:27.599 --> 00:37:28.480
 Though it was

00:37:28.480 --> 00:37:29.400
 an accident,

00:37:29.539 --> 00:37:30.139
 though it was

00:37:30.139 --> 00:37:31.440
 not him

00:37:31.440 --> 00:37:32.779
 that killed someone,

00:37:33.059 --> 00:37:33.940
 it was his ox,

00:37:34.500 --> 00:37:35.519
 the owner himself

00:37:35.519 --> 00:37:36.519
 is not guilty of murder,

00:37:36.619 --> 00:37:37.679
 and yet he is still punished

00:37:37.679 --> 00:37:38.340
 in some sense

00:37:38.340 --> 00:37:39.079
 because he loses

00:37:39.079 --> 00:37:40.739
 the valuable labor

00:37:40.739 --> 00:37:41.920
 of a farm animal,

00:37:42.159 --> 00:37:43.019
 and he does not

00:37:43.019 --> 00:37:43.900
 get to feast on it.

00:37:44.340 --> 00:37:45.039
 It's not

00:37:45.039 --> 00:37:46.960
 fit for consumption.

00:37:47.980 --> 00:37:48.259
 However,

00:37:48.320 --> 00:37:49.219
 it says in verse 29,

00:37:49.340 --> 00:37:49.820
 if the ox

00:37:49.820 --> 00:37:50.659
 has been accustomed

00:37:50.659 --> 00:37:51.840
 to gore in the past,

00:37:51.840 --> 00:37:52.900
 and its owner

00:37:52.900 --> 00:37:53.820
 has been warned

00:37:53.820 --> 00:37:55.300
 but has not kept it in,

00:37:55.440 --> 00:37:56.360
 and it kills a man

00:37:56.360 --> 00:37:56.820
 or a woman,

00:37:57.240 --> 00:37:58.539
 the ox shall be stoned

00:37:58.539 --> 00:37:59.320
 and its owner

00:37:59.320 --> 00:38:00.380
 also shall be put

00:38:00.380 --> 00:38:00.920
 to death.

00:38:01.280 --> 00:38:02.220
 So this is again

00:38:02.220 --> 00:38:02.960
 a case of

00:38:02.960 --> 00:38:04.620
 negligent homicide.

00:38:05.480 --> 00:38:06.200
 The owner

00:38:06.200 --> 00:38:07.760
 himself did not kill,

00:38:08.000 --> 00:38:09.200
 but by his

00:38:09.200 --> 00:38:10.820
 criminal negligence,

00:38:11.120 --> 00:38:12.320
 he has allowed

00:38:12.320 --> 00:38:12.860
 his ox

00:38:12.860 --> 00:38:14.039
 to kill another person.

00:38:15.280 --> 00:38:16.360
 There may not

00:38:16.360 --> 00:38:16.640
 have been

00:38:16.640 --> 00:38:17.860
 any malicious intent,

00:38:18.120 --> 00:38:18.900
 but there was

00:38:18.900 --> 00:38:19.800
 irresponsible

00:38:19.800 --> 00:38:21.620
 negligence.

00:38:22.440 --> 00:38:22.960
 So there was

00:38:22.960 --> 00:38:23.500
 a known

00:38:23.500 --> 00:38:24.660
 significant risk

00:38:24.660 --> 00:38:25.860
 related to this ox

00:38:25.860 --> 00:38:26.680
 and he did nothing

00:38:26.680 --> 00:38:27.200
 to prevent

00:38:27.200 --> 00:38:27.700
 the goring.

00:38:28.920 --> 00:38:29.519
 And that's why

00:38:29.519 --> 00:38:30.240
 he is liable

00:38:30.240 --> 00:38:31.820
 for the death

00:38:31.820 --> 00:38:33.320
 because if it weren't

00:38:33.320 --> 00:38:34.039
 for his negligence,

00:38:34.120 --> 00:38:34.700
 the person would

00:38:34.700 --> 00:38:35.380
 still be alive.

00:38:35.840 --> 00:38:36.380
 So you might be

00:38:36.380 --> 00:38:37.120
 wondering how all

00:38:37.120 --> 00:38:38.160
 of this applies

00:38:38.160 --> 00:38:39.000
 to us

00:38:39.000 --> 00:38:39.820
 since none of us

00:38:39.820 --> 00:38:41.160
 own any oxen,

00:38:42.079 --> 00:38:43.940
 but maybe some

00:38:43.940 --> 00:38:44.280
 of you did.

00:38:44.340 --> 00:38:44.900
 I think some of you

00:38:44.900 --> 00:38:45.660
 actually did.

00:38:45.659 --> 00:38:48.299
 Yes, Laura

00:38:48.299 --> 00:38:49.379
 did own an oxen

00:38:49.379 --> 00:38:49.699
 in the past.

00:38:49.879 --> 00:38:50.319
 Yes.

00:38:52.679 --> 00:38:54.099
 Well, even if you

00:38:54.099 --> 00:38:56.000
 don't have oxen,

00:38:56.239 --> 00:38:56.960
 many of us own

00:38:56.960 --> 00:38:58.119
 pets, right,

00:38:58.379 --> 00:38:59.079
 which are also

00:38:59.079 --> 00:38:59.819
 very expensive.

00:39:00.259 --> 00:39:00.859
 They're not as

00:39:00.859 --> 00:39:01.639
 valuable as work

00:39:01.639 --> 00:39:03.000
 animals, but we

00:39:03.000 --> 00:39:03.559
 own pets.

00:39:04.079 --> 00:39:04.539
 And they too

00:39:04.539 --> 00:39:05.319
 can be dangerous.

00:39:06.539 --> 00:39:07.259
 Only two weeks

00:39:07.259 --> 00:39:08.659
 ago, a family's

00:39:08.659 --> 00:39:09.559
 Siberian husky

00:39:09.559 --> 00:39:10.119
 killed their

00:39:10.119 --> 00:39:10.960
 four-day-old baby

00:39:10.960 --> 00:39:11.679
 girl in Arkansas.

00:39:11.679 --> 00:39:13.659
 A few months

00:39:13.659 --> 00:39:14.259
 ago in Memphis,

00:39:14.379 --> 00:39:15.099
 Tennessee, two

00:39:15.099 --> 00:39:16.099
 pit bulls attacked

00:39:16.099 --> 00:39:16.559
 their owners,

00:39:16.679 --> 00:39:17.619
 killing a two-year-old

00:39:17.619 --> 00:39:18.639
 girl and a five-month-old

00:39:18.639 --> 00:39:20.059
 boy and hospitalizing

00:39:20.059 --> 00:39:20.480
 their mother.

00:39:21.719 --> 00:39:23.000
 If you have a dog

00:39:23.000 --> 00:39:24.079
 that is known to

00:39:24.079 --> 00:39:25.799
 bite, you should

00:39:25.799 --> 00:39:26.599
 have your dog

00:39:26.599 --> 00:39:27.799
 leashed at all

00:39:27.799 --> 00:39:28.419
 times when you're

00:39:28.419 --> 00:39:28.739
 in the presence

00:39:28.739 --> 00:39:29.359
 of other people.

00:39:31.440 --> 00:39:32.399
 Not only that,

00:39:32.759 --> 00:39:33.799
 cars that we drive

00:39:33.799 --> 00:39:35.139
 are very much like

00:39:35.139 --> 00:39:36.339
 the oxen of the

00:39:36.339 --> 00:39:36.879
 ancient world.

00:39:37.599 --> 00:39:38.539
 They're expensive,

00:39:39.279 --> 00:39:40.299
 they're dangerous,

00:39:40.300 --> 00:39:41.740
 and you need it

00:39:41.740 --> 00:39:43.000
 to work in a lot

00:39:43.000 --> 00:39:43.460
 of cases.

00:39:44.100 --> 00:39:44.620
 At least you get

00:39:44.620 --> 00:39:44.960
 to work.

00:39:46.019 --> 00:39:47.100
 And there are

00:39:47.100 --> 00:39:48.260
 examples of

00:39:48.260 --> 00:39:48.900
 negligence related

00:39:48.900 --> 00:39:49.519
 to that as well.

00:39:49.640 --> 00:39:50.280
 Drunk driving,

00:39:51.840 --> 00:39:52.500
 texting while

00:39:52.500 --> 00:39:52.800
 driving,

00:39:53.980 --> 00:39:54.500
 speeding,

00:39:55.340 --> 00:39:55.980
 reckless driving.

00:39:58.019 --> 00:39:58.900
 This is convicting

00:39:58.900 --> 00:39:59.539
 for me as well.

00:40:00.019 --> 00:40:01.200
 We should value

00:40:01.200 --> 00:40:03.320
 human life so

00:40:03.320 --> 00:40:04.360
 much more than

00:40:04.360 --> 00:40:05.200
 our convenience

00:40:05.200 --> 00:40:06.860
 and our time

00:40:06.860 --> 00:40:08.140
 and our desire

00:40:08.140 --> 00:40:08.740
 to appear

00:40:08.740 --> 00:40:09.539
 responsive to

00:40:09.539 --> 00:40:10.039
 people who have

00:40:10.039 --> 00:40:10.759
 texted us

00:40:10.759 --> 00:40:12.559
 or our desire

00:40:12.559 --> 00:40:13.099
 to appear

00:40:13.099 --> 00:40:13.860
 punctual to

00:40:13.860 --> 00:40:14.699
 an appointment

00:40:14.699 --> 00:40:15.239
 that we're going

00:40:15.239 --> 00:40:15.440
 to.

00:40:15.599 --> 00:40:16.380
 We should value

00:40:16.380 --> 00:40:17.239
 human life so

00:40:17.239 --> 00:40:17.840
 much more than

00:40:17.840 --> 00:40:18.679
 that we don't

00:40:18.679 --> 00:40:19.360
 do this kind

00:40:19.360 --> 00:40:19.659
 of thing.

00:40:21.179 --> 00:40:22.320
 That's negligent

00:40:22.320 --> 00:40:23.119
 homicide.

00:40:24.519 --> 00:40:24.920
 Here's another

00:40:24.920 --> 00:40:25.259
 example.

00:40:25.400 --> 00:40:25.880
 If you are

00:40:25.880 --> 00:40:28.019
 aware that you

00:40:28.019 --> 00:40:29.599
 are carrying

00:40:29.599 --> 00:40:30.840
 a deadly

00:40:30.840 --> 00:40:32.400
 and highly

00:40:32.400 --> 00:40:32.920
 transmissible

00:40:32.920 --> 00:40:33.320
 disease,

00:40:34.119 --> 00:40:36.940
 you should take

00:40:36.940 --> 00:40:37.519
 care not to

00:40:37.519 --> 00:40:38.179
 infect other

00:40:38.179 --> 00:40:39.259
 people with it,

00:40:39.260 --> 00:40:40.160
 especially the

00:40:40.160 --> 00:40:40.800
 most vulnerable

00:40:40.800 --> 00:40:41.700
 members of

00:40:41.700 --> 00:40:42.320
 our society.

00:40:43.880 --> 00:40:44.400
 Obviously,

00:40:44.520 --> 00:40:44.940
 we need to be

00:40:44.940 --> 00:40:45.860
 wise and careful

00:40:45.860 --> 00:40:46.400
 in applying

00:40:46.400 --> 00:40:47.000
 this principle

00:40:47.000 --> 00:40:49.280
 and I'm not

00:40:49.280 --> 00:40:50.000
 trying to comment

00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:50.800
 necessarily on

00:40:50.800 --> 00:40:52.400
 COVID because

00:40:52.400 --> 00:40:53.200
 we need to

00:40:53.200 --> 00:40:53.760
 acknowledge that

00:40:53.760 --> 00:40:54.740
 people's assessment

00:40:54.740 --> 00:40:55.540
 of risks

00:40:55.540 --> 00:40:56.240
 differ.

00:40:56.700 --> 00:40:57.360
 It varies.

00:40:58.220 --> 00:40:58.520
 However,

00:40:58.580 --> 00:40:59.280
 we need to use

00:40:59.280 --> 00:41:00.080
 our discernment

00:41:00.080 --> 00:41:01.020
 and we need to be

00:41:01.020 --> 00:41:01.800
 considerate toward

00:41:01.800 --> 00:41:02.160
 others.

00:41:02.840 --> 00:41:03.500
 All of this

00:41:03.500 --> 00:41:04.520
 ultimately boils down

00:41:04.520 --> 00:41:05.160
 to loving our

00:41:05.160 --> 00:41:05.720
 neighbors as

00:41:05.720 --> 00:41:06.120
 ourselves.

00:41:06.119 --> 00:41:08.339
 when it comes

00:41:08.339 --> 00:41:08.980
 to negligent

00:41:08.980 --> 00:41:09.339
 homicide,

00:41:09.539 --> 00:41:09.900
 the book of

00:41:09.900 --> 00:41:10.339
 the covenant

00:41:10.339 --> 00:41:11.339
 did not strictly

00:41:11.339 --> 00:41:12.219
 enforce the

00:41:12.219 --> 00:41:12.779
 death penalty

00:41:12.779 --> 00:41:14.139
 because while

00:41:14.139 --> 00:41:14.859
 negligence is

00:41:14.859 --> 00:41:15.199
 bad,

00:41:15.279 --> 00:41:15.980
 it's still not

00:41:15.980 --> 00:41:16.759
 the same as

00:41:16.759 --> 00:41:18.179
 murder and

00:41:18.179 --> 00:41:19.699
 intentional killing.

00:41:19.699 --> 00:41:20.460
 And so that's

00:41:20.460 --> 00:41:21.279
 why there's a

00:41:21.279 --> 00:41:22.199
 provision for a

00:41:22.199 --> 00:41:22.779
 ransom in

00:41:22.779 --> 00:41:23.639
 verses 30 to

00:41:23.639 --> 00:41:24.119
 32.

00:41:24.940 --> 00:41:25.440
 If a ransom

00:41:25.440 --> 00:41:26.440
 is imposed on

00:41:26.440 --> 00:41:26.699
 him,

00:41:27.019 --> 00:41:27.839
 then he shall

00:41:27.839 --> 00:41:28.519
 give for the

00:41:28.519 --> 00:41:29.059
 redemption of

00:41:29.059 --> 00:41:29.819
 his life whatever

00:41:29.819 --> 00:41:30.920
 is imposed on

00:41:30.920 --> 00:41:31.199
 him.

00:41:31.659 --> 00:41:32.579
 If it gores a

00:41:32.579 --> 00:41:33.359
 man's son or

00:41:33.359 --> 00:41:33.719
 daughter,

00:41:33.980 --> 00:41:34.500
 he shall be

00:41:34.500 --> 00:41:35.139
 dealt with

00:41:35.139 --> 00:41:35.699
 according to

00:41:35.699 --> 00:41:36.299
 this same

00:41:36.299 --> 00:41:36.599
 rule.

00:41:37.239 --> 00:41:37.679
 If the

00:41:37.679 --> 00:41:38.599
 ox gores a

00:41:38.599 --> 00:41:38.940
 slave,

00:41:39.059 --> 00:41:39.480
 male or

00:41:39.480 --> 00:41:39.819
 female,

00:41:40.199 --> 00:41:40.619
 the owner

00:41:40.619 --> 00:41:41.199
 shall give

00:41:41.199 --> 00:41:41.500
 to their

00:41:41.500 --> 00:41:42.259
 master 30

00:41:42.259 --> 00:41:42.839
 shekels of

00:41:42.839 --> 00:41:43.739
 silver and

00:41:43.739 --> 00:41:44.519
 the ox shall

00:41:44.519 --> 00:41:45.079
 be stoned.

00:41:46.099 --> 00:41:46.839
 Since in

00:41:46.839 --> 00:41:47.480
 verse 22,

00:41:47.659 --> 00:41:48.119
 the judges

00:41:48.119 --> 00:41:48.799
 determine the

00:41:48.799 --> 00:41:49.339
 amount of

00:41:49.339 --> 00:41:50.139
 the fine in

00:41:50.139 --> 00:41:51.019
 consultation with

00:41:51.019 --> 00:41:51.659
 the victim's

00:41:51.659 --> 00:41:52.019
 family,

00:41:52.319 --> 00:41:52.980
 I assume that

00:41:52.980 --> 00:41:53.900
 the same applies

00:41:53.900 --> 00:41:54.940
 in this context.

00:41:55.519 --> 00:41:56.279
 After considering

00:41:56.279 --> 00:41:57.059
 the circumstances

00:41:57.059 --> 00:41:58.000
 of the negligent

00:41:58.000 --> 00:41:58.339
 homicide,

00:41:58.539 --> 00:41:59.119
 the family of

00:41:59.119 --> 00:42:00.079
 the victim and

00:42:00.079 --> 00:42:00.460
 the dolly

00:42:00.460 --> 00:42:01.059
 appointed judges

00:42:01.059 --> 00:42:01.759
 may choose

00:42:01.759 --> 00:42:02.599
 instead of

00:42:02.599 --> 00:42:03.319
 enforcing the

00:42:03.319 --> 00:42:03.859
 death penalty

00:42:03.859 --> 00:42:04.819
 to impose

00:42:04.820 --> 00:42:05.519
 a ransom.

00:42:07.160 --> 00:42:07.640
 The ransom

00:42:07.640 --> 00:42:08.380
 price was

00:42:08.380 --> 00:42:09.260
 decided on a

00:42:09.260 --> 00:42:10.059
 case-by-case

00:42:10.059 --> 00:42:11.019
 basis except

00:42:11.019 --> 00:42:11.720
 in the case

00:42:11.720 --> 00:42:12.160
 of a slave,

00:42:12.340 --> 00:42:12.740
 there was a

00:42:12.740 --> 00:42:13.559
 fixed ransom

00:42:13.559 --> 00:42:14.280
 price, 30

00:42:14.280 --> 00:42:14.820
 shekels of

00:42:14.820 --> 00:42:15.860
 silver, which

00:42:15.860 --> 00:42:16.580
 is interestingly

00:42:16.580 --> 00:42:17.440
 enough the

00:42:17.440 --> 00:42:18.280
 price that the

00:42:18.280 --> 00:42:18.900
 chief priest

00:42:18.900 --> 00:42:19.940
 paid Judas

00:42:19.940 --> 00:42:21.039
 is scary in

00:42:21.039 --> 00:42:21.980
 Matthew 26,

00:42:22.039 --> 00:42:22.860
 16 for the

00:42:22.860 --> 00:42:23.700
 selling out of

00:42:23.700 --> 00:42:26.240
 Jesus to send

00:42:26.240 --> 00:42:26.580
 him to his

00:42:26.580 --> 00:42:27.160
 death on the

00:42:27.160 --> 00:42:27.460
 cross.

00:42:29.140 --> 00:42:29.940
 Imposing a

00:42:29.940 --> 00:42:31.140
 ransom was a

00:42:31.140 --> 00:42:32.140
 form of leniency.

00:42:32.139 --> 00:42:33.500
 It was a

00:42:33.500 --> 00:42:34.199
 show of mercy

00:42:34.199 --> 00:42:35.019
 in cases of

00:42:35.019 --> 00:42:35.739
 involuntary

00:42:35.739 --> 00:42:36.279
 manslaughter.

00:42:36.940 --> 00:42:37.739
 But the

00:42:37.739 --> 00:42:38.980
 Bible explicitly

00:42:38.980 --> 00:42:40.480
 forbids such

00:42:40.480 --> 00:42:41.199
 leniency and

00:42:41.199 --> 00:42:41.799
 ransom in

00:42:41.799 --> 00:42:42.440
 cases of

00:42:42.440 --> 00:42:42.900
 intentional

00:42:42.900 --> 00:42:43.379
 killing,

00:42:43.480 --> 00:42:43.920
 of murder.

00:42:44.619 --> 00:42:45.079
 It says in

00:42:45.079 --> 00:42:46.159
 Numbers 35,

00:42:46.279 --> 00:42:47.159
 31 to 34,

00:42:47.619 --> 00:42:48.199
 you shall

00:42:48.199 --> 00:42:49.119
 accept no

00:42:49.119 --> 00:42:49.799
 ransom for

00:42:49.799 --> 00:42:50.259
 the life of

00:42:50.259 --> 00:42:50.639
 a murderer

00:42:50.639 --> 00:42:51.719
 who is guilty

00:42:51.719 --> 00:42:52.139
 of death,

00:42:52.440 --> 00:42:53.219
 but he shall

00:42:53.219 --> 00:42:53.799
 be put to

00:42:53.799 --> 00:42:54.019
 death.

00:42:54.719 --> 00:42:55.839
 No atonement

00:42:55.839 --> 00:42:56.519
 can be made

00:42:56.519 --> 00:42:57.159
 for the land,

00:42:57.279 --> 00:42:57.900
 for the blood

00:42:57.900 --> 00:42:58.559
 that is shed

00:42:58.559 --> 00:42:59.019
 in it,

00:42:59.019 --> 00:43:00.199
 except by

00:43:00.199 --> 00:43:00.719
 the blood

00:43:00.719 --> 00:43:01.400
 of the one

00:43:01.400 --> 00:43:02.159
 who shed

00:43:02.159 --> 00:43:02.360
 it.

00:43:03.380 --> 00:43:04.320
 The only

00:43:04.320 --> 00:43:05.159
 acceptable

00:43:05.159 --> 00:43:05.920
 atonement

00:43:05.920 --> 00:43:06.659
 for murder

00:43:06.659 --> 00:43:07.420
 is the death

00:43:07.420 --> 00:43:08.440
 of the murderer

00:43:08.440 --> 00:43:09.699
 because God

00:43:09.699 --> 00:43:10.239
 has decreed

00:43:10.239 --> 00:43:10.920
 in Genesis 9,

00:43:11.000 --> 00:43:11.259
 6,

00:43:11.340 --> 00:43:11.840
 whoever sheds

00:43:11.840 --> 00:43:12.360
 the blood

00:43:12.360 --> 00:43:12.940
 of man,

00:43:13.199 --> 00:43:13.679
 by man

00:43:13.679 --> 00:43:14.099
 shall his

00:43:14.099 --> 00:43:14.559
 blood be

00:43:14.559 --> 00:43:14.960
 shed.

00:43:15.280 --> 00:43:16.019
 For God

00:43:16.019 --> 00:43:17.159
 made man

00:43:17.159 --> 00:43:18.219
 in his

00:43:18.219 --> 00:43:19.159
 own image.

00:43:19.780 --> 00:43:20.619
 That's where

00:43:20.619 --> 00:43:21.159
 the value

00:43:21.159 --> 00:43:21.559
 of a human

00:43:21.559 --> 00:43:22.079
 life comes

00:43:22.079 --> 00:43:22.300
 from,

00:43:22.360 --> 00:43:22.880
 that we are

00:43:22.880 --> 00:43:23.539
 made in

00:43:23.539 --> 00:43:24.079
 the image

00:43:24.079 --> 00:43:24.539
 of God.

00:43:24.639 --> 00:43:25.480
 We represent

00:43:25.480 --> 00:43:26.059
 God.

00:43:26.920 --> 00:43:27.519
 So the

00:43:27.519 --> 00:43:28.159
 value of

00:43:28.159 --> 00:43:28.719
 the man's

00:43:28.719 --> 00:43:29.159
 life,

00:43:29.219 --> 00:43:29.819
 of a human's

00:43:29.819 --> 00:43:29.980
 life,

00:43:30.019 --> 00:43:30.779
 is so

00:43:30.779 --> 00:43:31.699
 inestimably

00:43:31.699 --> 00:43:32.920
 high that

00:43:32.920 --> 00:43:33.199
 there is

00:43:33.199 --> 00:43:34.339
 no possible

00:43:34.339 --> 00:43:36.099
 money amount

00:43:36.099 --> 00:43:36.759
 that you

00:43:36.759 --> 00:43:37.299
 can pay

00:43:37.299 --> 00:43:38.579
 to atone

00:43:38.579 --> 00:43:39.079
 for him

00:43:39.079 --> 00:43:40.119
 except for

00:43:40.119 --> 00:43:40.619
 the life

00:43:40.619 --> 00:43:41.139
 of another.

00:43:42.179 --> 00:43:42.859
 So imagine

00:43:42.859 --> 00:43:43.559
 what it's

00:43:43.559 --> 00:43:44.179
 like to be

00:43:44.179 --> 00:43:44.779
 on death

00:43:44.779 --> 00:43:46.159
 row in

00:43:46.159 --> 00:43:46.819
 ancient Israel

00:43:46.819 --> 00:43:47.940
 for murder.

00:43:49.299 --> 00:43:49.719
 You've been

00:43:49.719 --> 00:43:50.359
 sentenced to

00:43:50.359 --> 00:43:50.960
 death for a

00:43:50.960 --> 00:43:51.920
 crime for

00:43:51.920 --> 00:43:52.339
 which there

00:43:52.339 --> 00:43:53.460
 can be no

00:43:53.460 --> 00:43:53.920
 ransom.

00:43:54.719 --> 00:43:55.559
 Doesn't matter

00:43:55.559 --> 00:43:56.079
 how rich

00:43:56.079 --> 00:43:56.480
 you are.

00:43:58.159 --> 00:43:58.719
 You cannot

00:43:58.719 --> 00:43:59.199
 get out.

00:44:00.299 --> 00:44:01.059
 With the

00:44:01.059 --> 00:44:01.460
 crushing

00:44:01.460 --> 00:44:02.139
 certainty

00:44:02.139 --> 00:44:03.099
 of doom

00:44:03.099 --> 00:44:03.679
 weighing on

00:44:03.679 --> 00:44:04.119
 you ever

00:44:04.119 --> 00:44:05.159
 heavier and

00:44:05.159 --> 00:44:06.179
 drawing nearer,

00:44:07.099 --> 00:44:07.739
 imagine that

00:44:07.739 --> 00:44:08.239
 desperation.

00:44:09.319 --> 00:44:10.399
 Because that's

00:44:10.399 --> 00:44:11.440
 where we have

00:44:11.440 --> 00:44:11.779
 all been.

00:44:12.599 --> 00:44:13.239
 We've all

00:44:13.239 --> 00:44:14.000
 in fact been

00:44:14.000 --> 00:44:14.759
 in those

00:44:14.759 --> 00:44:16.000
 exact shoes.

00:44:16.259 --> 00:44:16.899
 Because Romans

00:44:16.899 --> 00:44:17.799
 6.23 says

00:44:17.799 --> 00:44:18.599
 the wages of

00:44:18.599 --> 00:44:19.759
 sin is death.

00:44:20.399 --> 00:44:21.119
 We've all

00:44:21.119 --> 00:44:22.319
 sinned against

00:44:22.319 --> 00:44:23.059
 an infinitely

00:44:23.059 --> 00:44:23.899
 worthy God

00:44:23.899 --> 00:44:24.599
 by rebelling

00:44:24.599 --> 00:44:25.179
 against him

00:44:25.179 --> 00:44:25.500
 and living

00:44:25.500 --> 00:44:26.239
 for ourselves.

00:44:26.239 --> 00:44:27.059
 And the

00:44:27.059 --> 00:44:27.939
 just punishment

00:44:27.939 --> 00:44:28.559
 for that

00:44:28.559 --> 00:44:29.399
 is death.

00:44:30.219 --> 00:44:31.039
 It's the only

00:44:31.039 --> 00:44:31.759
 just punishment.

00:44:32.299 --> 00:44:32.799
 And we cannot

00:44:32.799 --> 00:44:34.099
 possibly afford

00:44:34.099 --> 00:44:34.739
 a ransom

00:44:34.739 --> 00:44:35.639
 to escape

00:44:35.639 --> 00:44:36.219
 our death.

00:44:37.019 --> 00:44:37.579
 Psalm 49

00:44:37.579 --> 00:44:37.879
 says,

00:44:38.219 --> 00:44:38.859
 Truly no man

00:44:38.859 --> 00:44:39.479
 can ransom

00:44:39.479 --> 00:44:40.419
 another or

00:44:40.419 --> 00:44:41.059
 give to God

00:44:41.059 --> 00:44:41.619
 the price

00:44:41.619 --> 00:44:42.259
 of his life

00:44:42.259 --> 00:44:42.779
 for the

00:44:42.779 --> 00:44:43.239
 ransom of

00:44:43.239 --> 00:44:43.599
 their life

00:44:43.599 --> 00:44:44.359
 is costly

00:44:44.359 --> 00:44:44.879
 and can

00:44:44.879 --> 00:44:45.919
 never suffice

00:44:45.919 --> 00:44:46.599
 that he

00:44:46.599 --> 00:44:47.079
 should live

00:44:47.079 --> 00:44:47.599
 on forever

00:44:47.599 --> 00:44:48.019
 and never

00:44:48.019 --> 00:44:49.039
 see the pit.

00:44:49.839 --> 00:44:50.959
 Only thing

00:44:50.959 --> 00:44:52.079
 costly enough

00:44:52.079 --> 00:44:52.619
 for a

00:44:52.619 --> 00:44:53.699
 person's life

00:44:53.699 --> 00:44:55.039
 is life.

00:44:56.359 --> 00:44:56.719
 Another

00:44:56.719 --> 00:44:57.480
 human life

00:44:57.480 --> 00:44:58.799
 only

00:44:58.799 --> 00:44:59.339
 fitting

00:44:59.339 --> 00:44:59.739
 punishment

00:44:59.739 --> 00:45:00.219
 for us

00:45:00.219 --> 00:45:00.739
 is death

00:45:00.739 --> 00:45:01.299
 and eternal

00:45:01.299 --> 00:45:01.799
 damnation.

00:45:02.879 --> 00:45:03.359
 But knowing

00:45:03.359 --> 00:45:04.139
 that full

00:45:04.139 --> 00:45:04.639
 well

00:45:04.639 --> 00:45:05.439
 God the

00:45:05.439 --> 00:45:05.799
 Father

00:45:05.799 --> 00:45:07.159
 loved us

00:45:07.159 --> 00:45:08.239
 and sent

00:45:08.239 --> 00:45:09.339
 his only

00:45:09.339 --> 00:45:09.719
 son,

00:45:09.779 --> 00:45:10.219
 the son of

00:45:10.219 --> 00:45:10.500
 God

00:45:10.500 --> 00:45:10.919
 and the

00:45:10.919 --> 00:45:11.239
 son of

00:45:11.239 --> 00:45:11.480
 man

00:45:11.480 --> 00:45:11.960
 to be

00:45:11.960 --> 00:45:12.119
 the

00:45:12.119 --> 00:45:12.759
 substitute

00:45:12.759 --> 00:45:13.319
 for us

00:45:13.319 --> 00:45:13.699
 to take

00:45:13.699 --> 00:45:14.559
 our place

00:45:14.559 --> 00:45:15.219
 to die

00:45:15.219 --> 00:45:15.519
 on the

00:45:15.519 --> 00:45:15.759
 cross

00:45:15.759 --> 00:45:16.460
 for our

00:45:16.460 --> 00:45:16.960
 sins

00:45:16.960 --> 00:45:17.599
 and in

00:45:17.599 --> 00:45:17.980
 our

00:45:17.980 --> 00:45:18.539
 place

00:45:18.539 --> 00:45:19.639
 the innocent

00:45:19.639 --> 00:45:20.019
 one

00:45:20.019 --> 00:45:21.000
 the righteous

00:45:21.000 --> 00:45:21.559
 one

00:45:21.559 --> 00:45:22.899
 dying

00:45:22.899 --> 00:45:23.319
 freely

00:45:23.320 --> 00:45:23.840
 giving his

00:45:23.840 --> 00:45:24.120
 life

00:45:24.120 --> 00:45:24.420
 on the

00:45:24.420 --> 00:45:24.740
 cross

00:45:24.740 --> 00:45:25.440
 so that

00:45:25.440 --> 00:45:25.740
 we

00:45:25.740 --> 00:45:26.100
 who are

00:45:26.100 --> 00:45:26.840
 convicts

00:45:26.840 --> 00:45:27.380
 on death

00:45:27.380 --> 00:45:27.760
 row

00:45:27.760 --> 00:45:28.500
 can be

00:45:28.500 --> 00:45:28.860
 atoned

00:45:28.860 --> 00:45:29.160
 for

00:45:29.160 --> 00:45:30.059
 and go

00:45:30.059 --> 00:45:30.360
 free.

00:45:31.800 --> 00:45:32.380
 Only

00:45:32.380 --> 00:45:32.800
 death

00:45:32.800 --> 00:45:33.340
 can atone

00:45:33.340 --> 00:45:33.740
 for our

00:45:33.740 --> 00:45:33.980
 sins

00:45:33.980 --> 00:45:35.180
 and only

00:45:35.180 --> 00:45:35.620
 the death

00:45:35.620 --> 00:45:35.980
 of the

00:45:35.980 --> 00:45:36.539
 perfect

00:45:36.539 --> 00:45:37.480
 sinless

00:45:37.480 --> 00:45:37.980
 son of

00:45:37.980 --> 00:45:38.280
 God

00:45:38.280 --> 00:45:39.320
 can atone

00:45:39.320 --> 00:45:40.120
 for all

00:45:40.120 --> 00:45:40.420
 of our

00:45:40.420 --> 00:45:40.700
 sins

00:45:40.700 --> 00:45:41.900
 and that's

00:45:41.900 --> 00:45:42.820
 what Jesus

00:45:42.820 --> 00:45:43.160
 did.

00:45:43.960 --> 00:45:44.440
 And Jesus

00:45:44.440 --> 00:45:45.160
 willingly

00:45:45.160 --> 00:45:46.360
 and gladly

00:45:46.360 --> 00:45:47.539
 paid

00:45:47.539 --> 00:45:48.220
 that

00:45:48.220 --> 00:45:48.880
 price

00:45:48.880 --> 00:45:49.580
 so that

00:45:49.580 --> 00:45:50.000
 people who

00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:50.440
 have no

00:45:50.440 --> 00:45:51.220
 hope of

00:45:51.220 --> 00:45:51.860
 freedom

00:45:51.860 --> 00:45:52.519
 no hope

00:45:52.519 --> 00:45:53.100
 of atonement

00:45:53.099 --> 00:45:54.799
 can live

00:45:54.799 --> 00:45:55.539
 can have

00:45:55.539 --> 00:45:55.860
 eternal

00:45:55.860 --> 00:45:56.179
 life.

00:45:58.019 --> 00:45:58.960
 So let's

00:45:58.960 --> 00:45:59.759
 safeguard human

00:45:59.759 --> 00:46:00.119
 life

00:46:00.119 --> 00:46:01.279
 because it's

00:46:01.279 --> 00:46:01.719
 valuable

00:46:01.719 --> 00:46:03.880
 and let's

00:46:03.880 --> 00:46:04.400
 trust in

00:46:04.400 --> 00:46:04.960
 Jesus who

00:46:04.960 --> 00:46:05.639
 has died

00:46:05.639 --> 00:46:06.880
 to give

00:46:06.880 --> 00:46:07.420
 us life.

00:46:07.839 --> 00:46:08.139
 Let's pray

00:46:08.139 --> 00:46:08.440
 together.

00:46:08.440 --> 00:46:19.920
 Father,

00:46:20.019 --> 00:46:20.360
 when we

00:46:20.360 --> 00:46:21.119
 see just

00:46:21.119 --> 00:46:21.539
 how

00:46:21.539 --> 00:46:22.500
 precious

00:46:22.500 --> 00:46:22.920
 human

00:46:22.920 --> 00:46:23.460
 life is

00:46:23.460 --> 00:46:23.800
 from this

00:46:23.800 --> 00:46:24.220
 passage,

00:46:25.220 --> 00:46:28.679
 we more

00:46:28.679 --> 00:46:29.019
 rightly

00:46:29.019 --> 00:46:30.179
 understand

00:46:30.179 --> 00:46:30.780
 and appreciate

00:46:30.780 --> 00:46:33.880
 the true

00:46:33.880 --> 00:46:34.620
 price you

00:46:34.620 --> 00:46:34.920
 paid,

00:46:36.240 --> 00:46:36.500
 the

00:46:36.500 --> 00:46:37.160
 preciousness

00:46:37.160 --> 00:46:37.920
 of the

00:46:37.920 --> 00:46:38.400
 life of

00:46:38.400 --> 00:46:38.820
 your son

00:46:38.820 --> 00:46:39.160
 Jesus

00:46:39.160 --> 00:46:39.560
 Christ

00:46:39.560 --> 00:46:43.420
 and why

00:46:43.420 --> 00:46:43.980
 that price

00:46:43.980 --> 00:46:44.840
 was necessary.

00:46:47.780 --> 00:46:48.340
 Father,

00:46:48.460 --> 00:46:48.820
 thank you

00:46:48.820 --> 00:46:49.360
 for being

00:46:49.360 --> 00:46:50.040
 willing to

00:46:50.040 --> 00:46:50.380
 pay the

00:46:50.380 --> 00:46:50.940
 unspeakable

00:46:50.940 --> 00:46:51.540
 price out

00:46:51.540 --> 00:46:51.740
 of your

00:46:51.740 --> 00:46:52.080
 love for

00:46:52.080 --> 00:46:52.360
 us.

00:46:54.260 --> 00:46:54.820
 And

00:46:54.820 --> 00:46:55.160
 Jesus,

00:46:55.480 --> 00:46:56.060
 thank you

00:46:56.060 --> 00:46:56.519
 for your

00:46:56.519 --> 00:46:57.420
 loving sacrifice

00:46:57.420 --> 00:46:57.720
 on our

00:46:57.720 --> 00:46:57.980
 behalf.

00:47:01.519 --> 00:47:02.180
 Help us

00:47:02.180 --> 00:47:02.480
 to now

00:47:02.480 --> 00:47:03.079
 live our

00:47:03.079 --> 00:47:03.559
 lives

00:47:03.559 --> 00:47:07.220
 knowing

00:47:07.220 --> 00:47:08.039
 the worth

00:47:08.039 --> 00:47:08.599
 and value

00:47:08.599 --> 00:47:08.860
 of our

00:47:08.860 --> 00:47:09.559
 own lives

00:47:09.559 --> 00:47:10.159
 purchased

00:47:10.159 --> 00:47:10.720
 by the

00:47:10.720 --> 00:47:11.000
 precious

00:47:11.000 --> 00:47:11.539
 blood

00:47:11.539 --> 00:47:12.500
 of the

00:47:12.500 --> 00:47:12.800
 Son of

00:47:12.800 --> 00:47:13.039
 God.

00:47:16.760 --> 00:47:17.240
 In

00:47:17.240 --> 00:47:17.500
 Jesus'

00:47:17.639 --> 00:47:17.880
 name we

00:47:17.880 --> 00:47:18.099
 pray.

00:47:18.780 --> 00:47:19.039
 Amen.